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r. In addition to RSV, leukemia virus hava bora leportad to hm vary low levels of DNA polym- artM (13). Nooa of tba infectious fonns hu baas found deficient in thu enzyme. H. Hanapvsa Public Health Research Institute of the Ctiy of New York, New York 10016 O. Baltimoaz, D. Smoler Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, . Cambridge 02139 K. P. Watson, A. Yaniv SL Spieoblman Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Human Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032 I. IL Hmhm and T. Hatielm*, Vtratasf 54. UC OHS). 3. T. Hanilmm, H. HmiImm, t. MlyunM*. free. Mm. Atm*. Set, VJ.A. CT. 1797 (1970). 1. H. HanatMU toe T. Hanatwa. I'Miw U. ats arm. 41. 457 (ini). i k. u tweianw, me. 9. D. Bakl-w me D. Smoter, PMr. Hi. Aemg. Set VJU. . 1907 <1971). 1 S. Iptoilww. A. Bwnty. M. 1 Da*, i. Kiytfar, I. ScAlMk, M. Ttavntaak, K. Wen. Mmre US. 470 (1970). 7. AbbivrlittoWi PoWA), poliaOelU; kMCX peiyertUrlu*: potyttfT). polytteojyibywitfy- lew; potytaG). pely4eorftiaayteto; 4TMP, rtwii)0iy440w woMphuphaw; 4TTP, rte- oaythymMim triptasphaw; dATP. ewyiAai Uen ttphoeptottr. 4GTP. eMneawwilM uU . L. A. Lwk, i. Sm. Ch*m. 144, 1*72 (IMP). 9. tL r. VMM. K. C. Nwvtaki. A. Yafov, S. Sptepeteua, /. 7M., la pnw. 10. a. c. NevtnUI, K. P. Watsee. A. Yaniv. S. Sptepelm--. la preparation. 11. D. L. Kactan, K. P. Wataoe, A. tanr. 9. Spfeptlnm, OfarJWm. Staphft. A*tm Mi. MS (1971). 12. A. Waitebach. A. Sokta, a. Matter. H. Hanafuu, T. Haatewu, /. Ktmi., a ptwa. 19. P. T. Peebles. D. X. Hupala, A. P. Outer, me. 9, 400 (1972). 14. 8. Sptepetw, A. >anr. M. a. Du. I. Keydar, ). Schlom. M. Trtralcak, K. Waoaa, Natme 227. Ml (1970). 19. Wo thaak Dn. A. J. Laoslote mi D. mi J. W. lure for topplylng avian myeloMastMis aim. W. (hi thank Dr. a. Newtowkl tor mtotaars ia preparing uHlttram apatom purilted AMV DMA potynwriM, ami Dr. T. Hanafiat for various rlrmi. Soppancd bp NCI fraait CA-M747 and CA-0UJI (ram iha contracts Iros* Uw Special Vlnw Caaccr Prepram of NCI (toctudint 7IV2049 to tiw Instituta of Career Rescarefc). latp 1972; mlwO 12 Aapan 1972 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues: Accumulation In i Age of their op, length, and weight The correlation coefficient for PCB cow> centration as a function of ago was 0.86 and wu highly significant Tht emrelation coefficients relating PCB roacen tration with length and weight for fish 2 yean and older were 0.83 and a80, respectively. The weights and lengths of the year-old trout were not recorded. The relation between the concentration of PCB's in the lake trout and their age is shown in Fig. 1; the curve rep resents the best fit of the data and has the equation: PCB =1.031 e*-- where a is age. Figure 2 shows gas chromatograms of PCB** in a 12-yearold lake trout end of Arodor 1234 standard (a mixture of chlorinated bi phenyls containing 54 percent chlorine) to illustrate the similar peek retention timet. The relative peak heights of in dividual PCB isoman in (he chromato gram did not vary with age of the fish. This would indicate that there is no selective metabolism or storage of spe cific PCB isomers as the fish mature. Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to verify the presence of the various PCB isomen in a 12-year-okl lake trout (PCB*s. 26.2 Abstract The concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls was Mown to progresstvely Increase with maturity in a series of lake trout. The presence of these compounds was determined by column chromatographic isolation, specific de tector gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The relation &erw*n fish age and the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls was highly significant. Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB*i) have been reported in fish (J), and general environmental contamina tion by these compounds has been re viewed (2). The concentration of DDT residues in a series of lake trout from Cayuga Lake in Ithaca. New York, was found to be proportional to their age (2). Since PCB's are similarly stable, fat-soluble compounds, analysis for them was performed on the same series offish. Tbs fish were netted in October 1970. Their ages were accurately known, because the fish ere annually stocked ss yearlings and distinctly marked as to year class. Without evisceration, each fish was mechanically chopped, ground, and thoroughly mixed. Fish samples (5 g) were dried and extracted with hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus for 3 hours. The hexane extracts were con centrated, and PCB's were separated from DDT residues and other constitu ents by adaptations of the methods (4) involving suifuric acid partitioning and column chromatography on silica gel. Final analysis was made by electron af finity gas chromatography with a col umn 30 cm long, consisting of 10 percent DC-200 on 100- to 120-mesh Gas-Chrom Q and operated at 185*0. The concentration wu estimated by the method of Risebrough (5), in which the response of each PCB isomer is taken u equal to that of the correspond ing weight of py-dichlorodipbenyldichloroethyiene (p,p'*DDE). This meth od was sensitive to about 0.25 part per million (ppm) of PCB's in the fish. Analysis of PCB's in five portions of the same ft;h were 6.4, 6.0, 5.6, 5.6, and 5.3 ppm. The standard deviation for these analyses is 0.427. Table 1 lists the concentrations of PCB's in the lake trout as a function Table 1. Residues of PCB'i in Cayuga Lake trout as a function of maturity; J, juvenile. Am (yean) 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 9 6 6 6 7 7 7 t S S 9 11 12 12 12 Sea J J J J J J 1 1 J J 1 J J M M M P M M P M F F M M M F Length (cm) 27.7 28.7 33.9 44.5 44.5 41.1 53.8 30.3 35.1 1.0 <3.5 64.4 48.3 3.5 5.9 J9.7 75.2 71.6 69.0 713 803 71.4 75.3 70.6 Weight (8) 111 224 407 IIS 723 770 1310 1160 1339 2030 2440 2150 2310 2260 3300 1990 3390 2803 3300 3390 4200 2535 3120 3440 PCB (PP> 04 1.4 0.5 13 20 1.3 15 2.2 2.4 13 3.3 4.1 5.1 5.7 3.4 97 1.6 4.0 S.J 10.3 17.5 134 45 30.4 124 13.4 262 7.4 29 urreM8Bx 1972 1191 MONS 086214 fish may to due to greater differences among foraging, metabolic, and excre tory capabilities of these older Ash. Cuu. A. Bachb Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Cornett University, Ithaca, New York 14950 Iambs W. Serum Department of Chemistry, Cornell University Wiluam D. Young* Department of Natural Resources, Cornett University Donald I. Lbk Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Cornett University Jmmn. a. O. JoSm* U.. owl u. on (ISSN: V. i___ ______ Smvtrmt. Cmtmm. TuMi , 4*4 (19711. t a e. NUI met. u Uw, HwStUmm SR SSSOVne: A. L. HhmmM, Selemem ITS. 199 (1972). S. W. n. Yl--n. w. H. "------------ o. I. Vm, Mmvbwm, Set. TmtmrnL, A 411 (19T2). a D. l. orw, w. a. j. nua, d. c. VONMm, ML tmwm. Comem. Ternmt. R its (ivrt); d. kri me a. dmmmv i. a )to. 3. ft. W. SOmbrnmO. i Ckwmiet w. Mian me o. o *. < VMhM, UL. IMS), *. Ml. A W tbaak G. A. M*yto for aUewbt* mm f 1972 Atmoipheiic Carbon Dioxide: Ils Role ia Maintaining Phytoplankton Standing Crop* Fig. 1. Tbe concentration of PCB'i in Cayuga Lake trout a a function of age. ppm). Tbe mass spectra obtained from both a Perkin-EImer 270 and a Finntgin 1015 quedrapole gas chromato graph-mass spectrometer were essen tially identical with tbe mass spectra of the corresponding isomers of Aroclor 1254 standard. There ere many sources of FCB's in the environment, and it is not known wbat combination of these leads to con* lamination of Cayuga lake trout The increase in PCB concentration with trout age is the same trend noted for DDT residues in this series of fish. Tbe larger variation in PCB concentrations among individual 11* dr 12-year-old represent! 0.J2 mg of'ttsb) and 1 oj of Aroclor 1254 standard. tin Abstract. The rate of invasion of carbon dioxide Into an artificially eutropldc Canadian Shield lake with insufficient internal sources of carbon was determined by two methods: measuring the carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus ratios of seston after weekly additions of nitrogen and phosphorus, and measuring the loss of radon-222 tracer from the epittmnion. Both methods gave an invasion rate of about 0.2 gram of carbon per square meter per day. The results demonstrate that invasion of atmospheric carbon dioxide may be sufficient to permit eutrophi cation of any body of water receiving an adequate supply of phosphorus and ni trogen. The atmosphere is frequently con sidered to be an insignificant source of COg for phytoplankton production (/). Yet, by adding phosphate and nitrate we have been able to increase by almost two orders of magnitude the standing crop of phytoplankton in s small Cana dian Shield lake which has extremely low concentrations of natural dissolved inorganic carbon (leu than 0.6 mg/ liter in tbe epitimnion in midsummer). The lake appears to have obtained the carbon necessary to produce the algal bloom from the atmosphere (2. 3). We report here measurements of tbe inva sion rate of atmospheric COTM into tbe waters of this experimentally enriched lake. The results were obtained between 4 and 18 August 1970. Lake 227, a small oligotrophic lake in the experimental lakes area of the Fisheries Research Board near Kenora, Ontario, was enriched with 0.34 g of phosphorus (as Na3HP04) and 5.0 g of nitrogen (as NaNOa) per square meter per year in 1969, and 0.48 g of phos phorus (as HsPO) and 7.2 g of nitro gen (at NaNOt) per square meter per year m 1970. The chemical additions were made in 17 weekly increments in 1969 and 21 weekly increments in 1970. The midsummer phytoplankton standing crop, as measured by chloro phyll a concentrations, increased from 1 to 3 Mg/liter in 1968 (before fertiliza tion) to 50 to 100 Mg/liter after the additions. The uptake of COs by this phytoplankton caused an increase in tbe pH of the euphoric zooe from normal values of 6 to 7 to values ranging from 9.5 to 10.2 during summer, so tint very little of the dissolved inorganic car bon was present as gaseous CO, (2, J). The concentration of dissolved inorgan ic carbon (ZC03 = CO* + HCO, - + CO,*"), however, did not change great ly after fertilization. The midsummer concentrations of total CO, in tbe epilimnion ranged from 20 to 50 pmole/liler (0.24 to 0.60 mg/liter). As a result of the high pH and low con centration of CO,, the partial pressure of CO, in epilimnetic waters (calculated from the pH, total C03 concentration, and temperature) was far below that of the atmosphere (Fig 1); this created e pronounced concentration gradient from the atmosphere into the lake. It is impossible to calculate the magnitude of C03 exchange between the atmosphere and the water from the difference in partial pressures alone. SCIENCE. VOL. 177 M0NS 086215