Document byDXNY2jBg8JZkg7g6q5EenOo
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i 'MARCH RESEARCH REPORT
' .1964
i Coatings, and Resins Group .
I) ' - ' CONFIDENTIAL
Q B i N131U
ti GLD012631
18
One Coat Spred House Paint (NT23025BJ362)
..
ftbributors D. Glauner, D, Tuftalski, M. Petro, E. Saville
. .ry 1 An abstract and a detailed report is given on comparison of
Oil-Water and Latex paints. The study has not been completed.
(See Abstract)
: '
2. Colors were made for exposure with Arolin, Cargill, Linopol and Linaqua.
3. The viscosity dropped when V855 was substituted for GRV3140 in the RE20169 paint formula.
ABSTRACT
The primary comparisons were made with A.D.M, Arolin XI652," Cargill 1308, Sherwin-Williams Linapol and Spencer Kellogg Linaqua paints and Y3600 EJ and EK.
1. Manufacturing - No appreciable difference.
2. Can storage - Arolin increases in viscosity in white. Others satisfactory.
3. Application - The oil-water systems between latex and solvent thinned, satisfactory. Linapol easiest to apply. .
4. Clean up - Satisfactory. ` Arolin requires soap and water.
5. Drying time - Y3600 EK 15 minutes 'J Arolin 4-6 hrs; `Cargill 4-5 hrs; Linopol 8-24 hrs; Linaqua 8-24 hrs.
6. Early Water Resistance - Y36OO EK best followed by Arolin, Cargill, Linopol and Linaqua.
7. Sheen - Y3600EK, Arolin, Cargill, and Linopol are low sheen paints. Linaqua initially high sheen and dropping,
on exposure.
8. Color Uniformity - Variable suction surfaces - Y3600 EK good, Arolin Bair, remainder poor,
9. Hiding - All comparable.
10. Whiteness - Initial - Arolin, Cargill, EK, Linaqua, Linopol. After short period, Linapol, EK, Cargill, Arolin and ' * Linaqua. After long period, Cargill, Linaqua and Arolin chalk whiteT Y3806 remains grayer and yellower. No long term exposure on Linopol.
11. Fading - Green exposures on Cargill and Linaqua look good. Slight chalk masking with Cargill but it was made with talc instead of calcium carbonate.
12. Durability - The oil-water systems fail by chalking and
GLOOl2832
erosion. The latex systems seem to fail from cracking and flak ing.
The blister studies are inconclusive as the primers effect the
performance considerably. Most blister studies were made over
Y3651 and Y3651A.
...
On chalky surfaces the oil-water and Y3600EK have equal penetra tion and adhesion. The latex paints do not penetrate chalk.
The oil-water systems have not been studied on masonry.
Mildew studies are being made in New Orleans.
Report: Oil Water vs Latex Paints
The data submitted in this report covers information obtained by compar ing Y3600 EH & EK formulas and oil emulsion and water soluble oils from 1959 to date. One must note the paints have been constantly changed and
improved and it must be assumed favorable properties in older formulas have not been lost in newer paints.
Archer Daniels Midland Arolin XI652, Cargill 1308, Sherwin-Williams Linopol, and Spencer Kellogg Linaqua in paints, were compared with one another, with Endurance Y1800 and Spred House Paint Y3600 as the standards.
Manufacturing
,
` ' V:
;-
-Very little difference in manufacturing and no serious problems antici
pated. Linopol requires closer control than the others. Arolin. and
Linaqua 100# solids have advantages.vin,.shipping and storage', Cargill .
70#, Linopol 60#.
'
Can Storage
Y-3600 - good can stability, Arolin 1652,Viscosity increases in white, colors stable. Cargill 1308, slight viscosity increase, slight settling. With Acrysol ,
present OK. Linopol - Excellent storage - no change.
Linaqua - some paints excellent viscosity, some have shown viscosity increase.
Application
The oil-water systems do not apply as easily as the straight latex butv
equal to Y36OOEK (l/3 oil). The feel under the-brush is that of an easy applying oil paint. Arolin & Cargill apply and'level about, the same, Linaqua has slightly more drag but has longer-wet edge, slightly better lapping properties and better leveling. Linopol hasvvery easy slip and fair leveling.
Clean up
GLD012B33
Clean up seems slightly better than latex system because of the re' emulsij*
fication properties of the oil systems. Arolin does-not clean:up'^riti^pf^' water as well as the others but is satisfactory with soap and' water
Y3600EK requires soap and rubbing to remove the latex. Clean up . after continued application on chalk has not been checked,.
Drying Time
Straight latex and Y3600EK (1/3 oil) dries definitely faster than the. oil systems, becoming tack free almost immediately. Arolin 4-6 hrs,
Cargill 4-6 hrs, Linopol 2-4 hrs, Linaqua 24 hrs. Y3600EK becomes hard rather quickly, the oil systems remain soft like Yl800. Initial dirt collection not compared.
The early water sensitivity was checked by applying paints over Y3651A and drying 16, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1, i and $ hrs in room conditions. The
paints were sprayed with water 15 minutes and then left overnight the rain.
Dry Order of Removal While Spraying
Hrs.
1 4
1 2
1
Linopol
3
6
7
10# Acrysol 3600 EK Cargill
25 8-
10 -
Arolin
1 13 16
Linaqua
4 ,9 14
2 11
12
4 17 5% off
6 18 5% off
30# off
15
- -
19 20
8 22 1* off 16
-aw
21
Linaqua failed by erosion, the others by loss of adhesion and peeling. Thelclank spaces indicate the area still intact after an additional 16 hrs in the rain. Cargill - 8 hrs dry - severe blistering, 16 hrs dry fine blisters, Linopol - 16 hr dry - fine blisters. 36OOEK - fine blisters on all except 16 hrs dry. Arolin - fine blisters 2 hr dry, remainder OK. Linaqua - 16 hr dry - large severe blisters. The bliBters disappeared on drying on all except Linaqua.
Sheen
Y3600EK, Arolin, Cargill and Linopol are low sheen paints. Linaqua paints have higher sheen Initially but flatten on aging like oil paints. EK has good sheen over variable suction surfaces, Linaqua considerable change, Linopol and Cargill slight change, Arolin quite uniform. This may present a problem on large areas until chalking starts.
.l0.g.
- GLD012834
Color development .has been a problem with the oil Bystem. Arolin is best giving the deepest colors, the most stable color on continued
agitation and most uniform over variable suction surfaces, Cargill and
21
Linaqua flocculate color on agitation and Linopol paint becomes
unstable. The latter three have poor color holdout. Linopol has
inert flotation leaving a white haze on the dry paint. Considerable
work required.
.
Hiding
The hiding of the oil systems on drawdown are essentially the same. On brush application the oil systems seem to be slightly better than
the straight latex and about the same as Y3600EK (l/3oil). A full scale mileage test has not been run.
Whiteness* *
Initially the whiteness order was Arolin, Cargill, EK, Linaqua and
Linopol. After a short aging period Linopol becomes whitest, EK, Cargill, Arolln and Linaqua. Linaqua is only slightly whiter than Y1800.
Dirt collection also enters into the whiteness problem. Dirt collection on exposures between January and March 1964 - straight PVA systems
least, Y3600EJ, Y3600EK (1/3 oil), Linopol, Cargill #615 formula, Arolin, Cargill 1290W-1 (contains Acrysol, Cargill 640 formula,
Y1800C and Linaqua. None were so severe that one would rule out the paint on this property only.
Durability
'\
*
Cargill P-103-103A (Green) arfd P 103-io4 (White) Deo. 1959, are the
oldest oil water exposures w^ have. Both are in excellent condition. White - Chalk 3> cracking 10, erosion 7, very clean and rich-looking.
It is comparable to Yl800 exposed about the same time. The green is
very rich appearing, no fading and very slight chalk masking,
Spencer Kellogg XP1282 (presently Linaqua), over YI85I and self primed look good. The color is slightly grayer than the control (1850); chalk 3, Erosion 4 (control 5), whiteness 8 (control 10-).
Cargill paint was compared with Y36OO and Y1800 exposed;'in May 1961,
Cargill/1851 Chalk 4,Erosion 7, whiteness 10,cracklng 10
Y3600/1851 Chalk 4, Erosion 10, whiteness 7 plus, cracking 7
Cargill and 1800 are equal in appearance although Cargill has slightly greater erosion. 36OO has slightly more dirt as it does not self clean as readily.
Cargill and Y36OO were compared self primed. Cargill is in excellent condition but Y3600 has cracked, is 50^ flaked off and very discolored,.
2-132 exposure 10-27-62 is the first comparison with Arolin. The results are as follows:
/ j
GLDO12835
22
Y3600EH
Arolin XI652 8113-3-200
Cargill 1308 Batch 381
P&L 6-T-l (Linaqua)
Pacific Varnish Oil 41-261 S-W A-100 (Latex)
Whiteness
7+ 101010. 8+ 7
Dirt 8+
10 1010108
Chalk
9 4
5 3 .5 9
The oil systems are cleaner and whiter because of higher chalk rate.'
Exposure 3-51 -- 5-29-63
Boards were primed with Y3651, Linaqua Primer 894-P-20, Arolin Primer 8113-3-50 and FE3-123-1 (an acrylic latex primer). Topcoats.were Y3625 (EJ formula) Linopol TB, Arolin X-I652 TB and Cargill 1308 TB all tinted with, pthalo green.
In each case the dirt collection was greatest over the paint primed with Arolin, second over 3651 and least over Linopol. It appeared there was a tackiness caused by an exudate from the primer. There was slight chalk in reverse of the dirt collection also indicating higher binder content in the topcoat. The chalk was' too low to be Self cleaning. The Linaqua paint was most uniform over the four primers, Cargill'a close second, LInapol not too satisfactory and Y3625 was poor over the acrylic primer. The results with these primers and with the top coats may indicate the relative protection they might give wood. No specific tests have been run to determine wood protection.
White paints on the same primers showed Linaqua best followed by Cargill. Y3600EJ was yellower and dirtier. The chalk rates were 5, 5 and 10 respectively. Linapol and Arolin paints had thickened and were not tested on this exposure.
Blister tests run on the Hut cannot be conclusive as the blisters obtained are more closely related to the wood and the primer. Blisters follow the grain lines of the wood. However, comparison was made of the swelling properties of the paints on glass after one month dry. Y3600 EK least swelling followed by Arolin, Linopol, Cargill and Linaqua.
The oil-water paints definitely adhere through chalk better than the straight latex but about equal to Y36OO EK. The tests were run by applying paints to old chalky panels and determining .the penetration by microscopic examination. The tape test is unsatisfactory because of the variations in adhesion of the tape to the paint.
The oil-water systems have not been studied on masonry surfaces. GLD012836
The mildew studies are in New Orleans and will be returned in the near future.
23
The viscosity stability of the oil-water vehicles was compared in a standardized formula (essentially 36OOEK) to determine if the instability was caused by the vehicle or the suppliers paint formula. Table 4 and 5 lists the formulas. The results were essentially the same as in the suppliers formulas. Arolin caused the viscosity to rise in.the white but was stable in colors, Cargill increased in viscosity for several days and then dropped back to initial, the others were satisfactory.
See Table 4 & 5.
Oil-Water Paint - Colors
Bayberry, Evergreen, Sunbeam Yellow, Cape Cod Red, Antique Brown and
Bark were made with Arolin Cargill, Linapol and Linaqua for exposure
tests. Color uniformity of Arolin of sealed and unsealed Morest Charts
was best, Cargill and Linopol was fair and better than Linaqua. See
table 1, 2 and 3.
.
Substituting V-855 for GRV-3140 with RE20169
The stability of RE2OI69 with modifiers has been good up to date.
However, when NH4OH was added to determine the optimum Ph level of a white paint (ME4-85-1) with RE20169 and V-855* a viscoBity drop was noted.
To investigate this phenomena (ME4-87-1) white paint was made with RE20169 and V-855* and it behaved similarly.
Then Y-3600EK was used as control for'it showed only a slight viscosity
drop with the addition of NH4OH, this slight change lead to believe i;hat
the presence of VM-885 might contribute to better stability, a white
formulation (ME4-90-1) was made with VM-885, KE'20169 and V-855* an
identical test with NH4OH showed only a one KU drop. Further evaluations
will be made. See table 6.
'*r;
w
GLD012637
24
ADM - AROLIN 1652
TABLE I (SHP March 1964)
ME4-62-1 ME4-63-1 ME4-63-2 ME4-71-1 ME4-72-1
S-14 CH-473
CH-181
CH-450 CH-474
Water TKPP
335.0 3.0
Tergitol NPX
10.0
Ethylene Glycol. 18.6
Colloid 58I-B
2.0
Daxad 30
--
Igepal CTA-639
. 315.0 3.0
10.0 18.6
2.0 --
----
321.0 3.0
10.0 18.6
2.0
--
--
381.0 4.0
Maw
18.6 2.0
7- 8.0
368.6 4.0
--
18.6 4.0 7.0 8.0
W-208 Zopaque
R88 102.0
W-121
Snowflake
143.0
W-188 G-73
Nytal 300 Chrome oxide
144.0 -
25.0
yW-89 Yellow oxide
--
W-33
Zinc oxide
--
B-131
Witco Black P-1
R-269 Red oxide Mapico #344 -----
W-158
Mineralite 3X
--
M-239
Celite 281
--
CH-380 Phenyl Mercuric
Borate VM-659 Super Ad It
1.5
13.0
250.0
150.0 85.0
155.0
92.0
--
55.0 --
--
1.5
--
6.5 75.0
--~ -- --
1.5
--
-- 45.4 145.0
mm
59.4 30.0 4.2 24.3 21.0 37.0
mm
6,0
--
45.4 145.0
aw
59.4 30.0
4.2 24.3 21.0 37.0
--
6,0
195T-27 Cellosize 'QP-4400
(3jtsolp.)
33.0
Acrysol G-110 10.0
Arolin 4.652 275.0
24$ Lead Drier
''Witco"
6.0
6$ Cobalt Drier
"Witco"
2.5
6$ Manganese Drier
"Witco" 305A-90 Thalo Blue
2.5
305G-78 Thalo Green
--
50.0 10.0 250.0
5.0
2.0
2.0 15.9 24.7
68.3
10.0 250.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
--
--
50.0 15.0 215.0
5.0
2.0
" 2.0
-*a*
62.5 15.0 215.0
5.0 .
2.0
2.0
--
Solids Volume
PVC yield in Gals.
50$ .
47.5#
47.7#
41.4$
41.4$
32.0$
34.7$
35.0$
35.7$ ' 35.7$
lOO.Ogal, lOO.Ogal. lOO.Ogal. lOO.Ogal. 100.2gal.
GLD012838
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GLD012839
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27
ME4-77-1
TABLE IV (SHP March 1964)
MB-79-1 ME4-79-2 ME4-79-3 ME4-79-4
S-l4
Water
160.0
do
do
CH-473 TKPP
4.0 do
do
CH-450 Daxad 30
7.0 do
do
CH-474 Igepal CTA-639
8.0 do
do
CH-181 Ethylene Glycol
18,6
do
do
CH-447 Defoamer #357
2.5 do do
195-T-27 Cellosize QP-4400
(3$ soln)
62.5
do
do
do do do do do do
do
B-131 YW-89
R-269 W-33 W-188 W-158 W-121
M-239 CH-380
Witco Black P-1 Yellow Oxide Red Oxide Mapico #344
Zinc Oxide Nytal 300
Mineralite 3X Snowflake
Celite 281 Phenyl Mercuric Borate
4.2 59.4
24.3 30.0 145.0 21.0 45.4
37.0
1.5
Acrysol G-110 CH-444 Balab #746
Arolin 1652 Linopol - Cargil 1308 24$ Lead Driers / 6$ Cpbalt Driers 6$ Manganese Driers QRV-3140 Urethane Oil
RE20169 Acrylic Latex Celloxize QP-4400 (dry)
Water CH-181 Ethylene Glycol S-148 Refined Kerosene 195-T-27' Cellosize QP-4400
(3$ soln.)
10.0 2.0
215.0
--\
-- .
5.0 2.0 2.0 --'
--. --
191.3
--
--
25.0
Solids Volume FVC Yield in Gals.
41.4$ 35.8T . 100.0
do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do
do do do do do do
j
10.0
10,0
--_
2.0 2.0
2.0
-- -- --
360.0
mm mm
--
-- 310.0
--
8.6 7.0 5.0
4.3 1,8 --
<tmtm
--
*1^-
1.8 ,
1.5
mm 65.9
-- 385.0
-- -- 1.2
68.2
121.6
--
--'
mm
6.0
-- --. 12.0
~
-- --
----
41.4$
35.8$' 100.0
41.4$ 4l.4$ 35.8$ 35.8
100.0 100.0
GLD012 841
ME4-83-1
TABLE V (SHP March 1964)
ME4-84-1 ME4-84-2 ME4-84-3 ME4-84-4
S-l4
Water
-
CH-473 TKPP
CH-450 Daxad 30
CH-474 Igepal CTA-639
CH-181 Ethylend Glycol
CH-447 Defoamer #357
195-T-27 Cellosize QP-4400
(3$ soln.)
160,0 4,0 7. 8.0
18.6 2.5
; 62.5
do do do do do do
do
do do do .do do do . do do do .80 do do
do do
W-208
W-91 W-33 W-188 CH-38O
Zopaque R88 Zopaque SD Zinc Oxide Nytal 300 Phenyl Mercuric Borate
250.0 50.0 50.0
116.0
1.5
do do do do do
do do do .do do do do " do . do \ do
Acryaol G-110
CH-444 Balab #746
Arolin 1652
Linopol
Cargill 1308
24$ Lead Driers
6$ Cobalt Driers
6$ Manganese Driers
GRV-3140 Urethane Oil
S-148 Refined Kerosene
RE20169 Acrylic Latex
195-T-27 Celloxize QP-4400
(3$ soln.)
Cellosize QP-4400 Dry
CH-181 . Ethylene Glycol
S-14
Water
10.0 2.0
215.0
--
--
5.0 2.0 2.0
--
--mm mm
25.0 ---
191.3
do do
360.0 -- 8.6 4.3
--
----
--
---
--
68.2
.do do
--' 310.0
7.0 1.8 . 1.8
---- mm mm
mmmm -- -121.6
do V; do ' ----
'... 5.6. : 1.5 .
65.9 ' 12.0 385.0
Lmm .75
6.00 2.4
Solids Volume
PVC Yield in Gals.
4l.4$
35.8$ 100.0
41.4$
35.8$ 100.0
41.4$ 35.8$ 100.0
4l.4$
35.8$ 100.5
GLD012842
29
RE-20169 Acrylic Latex
TABLE VI (SHP March 1964)
ME4-85-I ME4-87-I ME4-90-1
W-208
W-91 W-121 W-188
W-140
W-223 W-241 CH-380
Zopaque R-88 Zopaque SD
Snowflake
Nytal 300 Multiflex MM Alsilate "W" Ruby Talc #400 Phenyl Mercuric Borate
225.0
--.
73.0 74.5
mm aw
--
--
1.5
CH-473 TKPP
3.0
CH-474 Igepal CTA-639
4.0
CH-450 Daxad 30
7.0
CH-447 Defoamer #357
v 2.5
195-T-27 Cellosize QP-4400 (3$ soln,) 60.0
V-855 Linseed Alkyd
66.4
VM-885 Water Solution Acrylic
S-148 Refined Kerosene
12.0
S-14
Water
162.5
RE-20169 Acrylic Latex
'330.0
VM-432 24$ Lead Drier
, 5.0
VM-433 6$ Manganese Drier
1.5"
195-$-27 Cellosize QP-4400 (3$ soln.)-85.0,
CH-444 Balab #746
' ' 4.0
230,0 20.0
48.7 50.0 30.0
--
1.5
3.0 4.0 7.0 2>5 60.0 66.4
--
12.0 187.5 330,0
5.0 1.5 60.0 4.0
220.0 30.0
--
mm mm
mm mm
30.0 99.3
1.5
3.0 4.0 7.0 2.5 60.0 66.4 75.0 12.0 127.7 290.0 -5.0
85.0 ,4.0
Solids Volume
PVC
37.0$ 35.0$
37.0$ 35.0$
37.0$ 35.0$
GLD012843