Document by2pKLBY6V4zXyb8159pXagEZ

\ i \ First oi two articles .. Replacing Lead Takes Time And Cooperation By Abel Banov Senior Editor ..... i ... ** *]/ V:- ' ; ' 'v ' ' ....., \ 'i T`. ] ; I, ; '' ; I . . .; *4/ . *' * *' *./ ' 1 V . * * Vi' ; ' t .*l - .,,v V. i,?V i JUSTIFIABLE as they certainly are, molybdate chrome orange, and chrome the industry's complaints about the greens (which have been slated for < . Food and Drug Administration's raecmtioonval from these paints ever since . \ to restrict lead content ot packaged re Congress passed legislation last year tail paints to the absurdly low 0.06 per limiting lead content to one per eent), j cent level won't roll back time and bufalso must replace lead driers, which \ . erase the rulings'that are certain to be may prove far more difficult to banish ' enforced.^ ' than the prescribed lead-bearing color ; . Reality ' demands that everyone con y-- cerned with reformulating get out his , " recipe books and try to develop prod* .. ' ucts that can be tested and readied for !' the market place by the time enforce' | ment is undertaken, as of the start of 1974, Recording to present timetables. . ., For those supplying the Chicago mar* / . ket, a''partlcularly "generous" span of . time has been allowed--July 1, 1972.- i (see editorial on pago 49) By the first of 1973, the lead limit in packaged paints for use around house- holds, including those for toys, will be i ] 0.6 per cent. ants. (Replacing lcad-contalnlng colorants will be the subject of a succeeding article.) To bring the problems, of lead driers Into focus, American Palrtf Journal approached a number of companies and Individuals for their ideas about getting the lead out--of their ascertained paints. The results are presented In the fol lowing paragraphs. ~. Experts in the drier field, in general, ? r#. felt that zirconium*driers are able to' achieve the through-dry. obtained by lead salts if cobalt and/or manganese 'ihi are used to get quick surface dry.'. j- Another problem, mainly financial, However, when carbon black or those ' / will be the need to select and buy pigments that tend to nullify . drier- !. atomic absorption analytic equipment action are used, loss-of-dry becomes a" to test for lead contaminents. problem'without lead. >. That means all companies making Some progress has been made in*; trade sales paint have to find ways not reducing loss-of-dry through introduc only to eliminate chrome yellows. tion of driers made with synthetic adds .. it Match 20! ,1972 i' v . GLD012413 r./'V.-r-1:-. ., \av * . `in ! rather than conventional ones, but the compound Is available for overcoming end-result Is not quite good enough. loss-of-dry in colored paints, where the Lead driers will be sorely missed In. problem is most pronounced, but that formulations troubled by loss-of-dry. this material must be approached with At the present time, loss-of-dry is ' caution for whites and pastels because aided by 1,10 phenanthroline, a propri it may discolor. etary compound that is costly; but, even worse, this material causes vary- '. ing degrees of discoloration In paints stored on the shelf. Many paint chem He offered the following recommended drier combinations to replace leadcontaining combinations, which are listed on the left in table below. ists hesitate to use this chelating agent in white paints, particularly, because of this fear of discoloration. Charles Gardner, now heading Gard ner Chemicals Co., in hjew York, and While much Is heard about the cost of 1,10 phenanthroline--$10 a pound-- 1 so little is used per gallon that esti mates put the added RMC at about 2-3 cents gallon at the most. William Stewart, of Tenneco Cheml-" cals' Intermediates Division, and a vet eran in the drier field, appraised the'" . a long-time development man in the drier field and active .in pioneering zirconium driers, observed that the Philadelphia Society for Paint Tech nology some years ago determined that cobalt, calcium, and mhnganeBe are adsorbed by untreated titanium dioxide substantially more than ate lead driers. advantages of using zirconium driers It was found that TiO, treated with rather than calcium. He said that the either alumina or alumina silicate will former at the same metal concentra- absorb 50 per cent of the drier present, tions as those for lead give comparable while an untreated white will absorb performance and possibly less brittle-/ 65 per cent. "By percentages," Mr, ness of film, plus better gloss and gloss Gardner reported, "cobalt calcium, and retention. Calcium's drying properties, manganese are absorbed twice as much he said, are not quite as good as lead's, as lead." which Is its disadvantage, while zir Mr, Gardner's observation about the conium, which he regards as compar relative absorption by different grades able to lead, Is more costly. of titanium dioxide suggests that some Mr. Stewart stated that a cobalt. help in avoiding loss-of-dry to a greater >" ' i , Linseed Oil HOuse Paint Typical Drier 'I Kcclpes <) 0.0? Mn, 0.2 Pb . Trim Faints Linseed Alkyd Soya Alkyd ' `` Phenolle.Spar Varnish Tall Oil Alkyd Enamel Long Oil Soya Enamel Medium Oil Alkyd Enamel Light Color Label varnish Urethan* Varnish 0.01 Co, 0.03 Mn, 0.4 Pb 0.02 Co, 0.2 Pb 0.04 Co, 0.4 Pb 0.03 Co, 0.8 Pb 0.1 Co, 0.1 Ca. 1.0 Pb 0.03 Co, 0.03 Ca. O.t Pb 0.03 Co, 0.03 Ca, 0.3 Pb 0.09 Co ' . 0.04 Mn, 0.3 Ca, 0.4 Pb. ' Proposed I.cad Free Drier Keelpcs <%> Advantages 0.03 Mn, 0.3 Zr - Better color and . low temperature drying . 0.01 Co, 0.03 Mn, 0.4 It O.OS Co. 0.3 Zr 0.04 Co. 0.4 Zr 0.02 Co, 0.3 Zr Improved Hard ness 0.1 Co, 0.8 Zr <,'.i Better' gloss, '. I ' drying and color'. 0.03 Co, 0,03 Ca, 0.8 Zr Better' through ;, dry & hardness 0.03 Co. 0.03 Ca, 0.S Zr` Better through dry ft hardness 0.06 Co, 0.3 Zr ' * Better color, equal dry ' 0.04'Mn,, 0.3 Zr .- Better color, equal dry ! 10 Amtrlean'Palnt Journal GLD01241* T'.l'l'-'... .i y } ,\ if or lessor degree may be had by careful He claims that zirconium!* no more selection of types of TIOj. It may be valuable than calcium as a, drier. He worthwhile to test TiOa - containing . believes that calcium with cobalt pro formulations with pigments having vides faster dry than zirconium and various surface treatments. This Ib a . that calcium driers have the edge over line of research that may be right for zirconium When it comes to preventing' the various manufacturers of T102 who loss-of-dry. \ would like to establish a special value He observed that zirconium has some for their proprietary materials. of the limitations of zinc driers in that Among Mr. Gardner's observations they slow down top dry, although they i. was the help obtained in overcoming'.' do permit greater through-dry.' . loss-of-dry by use of calcium or sine In regard to o-phenanthrolenes, Mr.'; naphthenate for white paints and iron naphthenate for carbon blacks and iron Singer says that In his laboratory work he had no luck in preventing lost of. oxides. dry with carbon black, although he .' The need for at least a year of test ing was also recognised at a meeting called by the National Paint and Coat ing Association, and attended by Dr. Raymond R, Meyers, director of Paint Research Institute, (soe separate story) and Dr. Garamond Schurr, of Sherwin- Williams, among others, to consider how to oppose efforts of the Federal Government to tighten lead restrictions. followed directions and used manga nese. It did work well with other mate rials, he said. He characterized some organic reds as moderate to moderately bad in causing loss-of-dry, and said titanium . dioxide was not quite as bad as these. He put carbon black in a class by itself . as the worst offender, saying that ' paints with that pigment sometime lost their drying ability overnight. At this meeting, as was the case at Another question comes up here: most meetings of this kind in the last How much carbon black paint is used two years, the agenda was devoted to fighting federal and local efforts to within reach of children! Checking around the industry-- cripple the industry. Attention was among dried suppliers, paint manufac totally occupied with that critical prob turers' technical directors, and. In the : lem and little time, if any, was avail case of Dr. Meyers, the highest level able to. explore ways to prepare for the of scientific and technical competence, situation if the axe fell,' as it was deeply the conclusion is inescapable that the feared it eventually would fall. industry is not fully ready for early Dr, Schurr, It was learned, presented imposition of harsh lead restrictions. a program involving studies of lead It is probable that with a research toxicity levels in primates, which NPCA program,into existing compounds, of is hoping to carry out if circumstances which Schilf-based amine corrrplexlng warrant. compounds are one, the industry can be . Until a year-long development pro fairly ready within a year--but thle gram for testing Dr. Meyers' complex- . Is far from certain. . . . .. ing material has been carried out, In any event, It is clear .that' the inLt which was not mentioned at the NPCA dustry cannot afford to limit 'Its re-'-1 meeting, the industry will be In some search to defensive programs to'study . what of a bind, now that the regulation whether or not lead is toxic when used .. to restrict lead use to 0.06 per cent of in the form and in the quantities pre-.1 -the dried film has been set up. sent in some paints. William Singer, of Troy Chemical While that sort of research may be ' Co., agrees with Mr. Stewart that no useful, a project aimed at finding out .; adequate method of completely replac . how to cope with rigid lead restriction*, ,* ing lead is available, .appears more practical. :: V March 20. 1972 , i: t "i. #` . ' f-II * ' .. - > , GLD012415 V * Am . t .. :or. ?s I'ssra^RsS? 5 VtSfsS S ? p 'eai> 33 sr1. r :.s ?ss!^S^3 i 3S.Sg5o^S . 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