Document by295E7J1g8baLE75K6vwLeYZ
FILE NAME: Philip Carey (PC)
DATE: 1962 Dec
DOC#: PC024
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Preliminary Industrial Hygiene Survey at the PC Manufacturing Company
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Prelim inary In d u strial Hyciene Survey
' at the R ilL IP CAREY I-rAIHJFACTUREIG CCCR'EY
(December 17; 18, 19; 1962)
i
i
i
Prelim inary In d u s tria l Hygiene Survey at the
i Ph i l i p c a r t /'.::`ir j? A c t j r r .:g compaiiy
t.
'
A prelim inary in d u stria l hygiene^engineering survey vas. conducted at'th e, P h ilip
Carey M anufacturing Company,' C in cin n a ti/ -O h io on December 17; l 6 , 19; 19&2. %
Observations vere made, o f th e dust-producing o p e ra tio n s, namely th ose in v o lv in g
asbestos and free s i l i c a . In a d d itio n , various other p o te n tia lly hazardous
environmental conditions vere noted. ,
.
. t
The purpose o f th is p re lim in a ry e v a lu a tio n vas to e s t a b lis h : _ t
' ' 1 . a p r io r it y schedule - determine v h ich dust producing op eration s
appear to involve the greatest p o ten tial hazard. (F ir s t-e ffo r ts '
vo u ld be d ir e c te d a t these operations fo r proper e v a lu a tio n a n d :. ;
c o n tr o l.)
'
2. a plan for environmental evaluation - in d icate gen erally vhere and vhat types o f a ir sam ples, v e n tila tio n measurements, e t c ., should be taken to properly define p o te n tia lly hazardous areas.
3* p relim in ary time estim ates - estim ate th e approximate time n ecessary to carry out the steps indicated in (2) above.
Environmental Evaluation -- P r io r ity Schedule '
'
Table I summarizes the areas recommended f o r environm ental e v a lu a tio n on a
p r i o r i t y b a s is . As in d ic a te d , f a c i l i t i e s in s e v e r a l o f the areas vere not
observed in operation. P r io r ity ratin gs fo r those areas have been based on
the types o f operations involved, the m aterials used, the existence or absence
o f exhaust co n tro l end room v e n t ila t io n , and on the g en eral appearance o f th e
area's dust s p illa g e , r a fte r dust accumulation, e tc .
PdAOidlEi'Dab N vAneidldriAL IjEAoURElmiNIS
(OPERATIONS) AREAS OF PRIORITY)
i '
CCATION OPERATION
PRIORITY $
FJVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS
AIR SAMPLES
BULK SAMPLE, RAFTER DUST
VENTILATION MEASUREMENTS
i
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CCW^iix
'1
GILDING -;/2o
3rd FLOOR
3-tine receiving Asbestos iron scrap 1
grinder in basecent
. charging p ort to 2nd f lo o r b e a te r
1
. storage o f Asbestos; handling
2nd FLOOR . ocater - loading operation storage of Asbestos; handling
1 st FLOOR . rotary cutting operation scrap cutter feed operation . cauls ion d e p t., charge ports (3)
Basement ream c u tte r (S cy b o lt) scrap cu tte r (fed from 1st flo o r) . ctalLs ion d r a v - o ff, mix
g ild in g 2 - caret roofing TOP FLOOR
. addition o f Asbestos thru charging ports (ground scrap)
EAS Flint !T . Roofing machine - sand a d d itio n
BLD. //-2 AUIlIflC Scrap g rin d er - s h in g le s and
asphalt paper
\
2
3 2 3 3 3 3
1
1+
3
BZ* du st count (Asbestos)
-X-*
GA du st count
BZ dust, count GA d u st count
(Asbestos) .
BZ dust count BZ '' *' BZ " '*
BZ (A sbestos) BZ (A sbestos) BZ (A sbestos)
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BZ^Asbestos GAJ+ S i l i c a
P article size measurement o f
dust. . median s iz e standard
d e v ia tio n
Measure gen eral
ven tilation .
(Roof fan
in o p e r a tiv e ).
.
\
P article size measurement.
Gen. v en tile tio n
P a rItt ic le tt
u ti
It
- . s it>z e ' tl
; ' 1
If
It
Gen. v e n tila tio n
If
.,
*
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Emulsion - p o ss ib le a i r sc
fo r . potassium bichrom
" .,t,` . formaldehyde
- '
s ilic a
-.
* i
t
P article size for S ilic a + Asbestos
General v e n ti- Possible exposure to : . l a t io n measure- a sp h a lt fumes ments
BZ - S i l i c a
c/j fre e . S i l i c a in the. dust
Gen. V ent. M cas. Not observed in o p era tion
UZ A sbestos
rfi fr e e S i l i c a
r i
. + S ilica
in the duct
$ Recommended p r i o r i t y fo r stu d y * iZ - Breathing ".one o f op erator * < GA - General room atmosphere
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At"
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"ccAxio;: . OPERATION
UILDIhG - PAPER MILL
.
BASEMENT
. Asbestos addition to beaters
storage area
charging to fib e riz e r
charging onto conveyor
. paper machine
1 st FLOOR
machine room dryer (area by 1 st Tour ro lle rs)
-ZLDr.yj 3
BASEMENT . dry cement mixer operation
. p la s t i c cement m ixing operation
1 st FLOOR . sample room; dust due to ro ta ry
mixer operation, small carbo saw, and band saw
;~ l p ;i ;g :'iG - s t il l house
2-iar.co p latfo rm ; =10 mixer and area adjacent
. s t i l l area
JILDXRg '39 - EMJLSIOil DEPARTMENT
ribbon mixer operation . s lu n y mixers . a sp h a lt mix
PRIORITY ; .
E.TIROIiMENIAL MEASURE-ERls
J AIR SAMPLES
BULK SAPPLE, RAFTER DUST
ViliTJLATIOI'! i-ElASUKEMEi:TS
COriw-UT
1
BZ + GA
(Asbestos)
2
BZ + GA `
2
(Asbestos)
\ h GA (A sb .)'
P a rticle size (Asbestos)
Gen. Vent. Meas urements
P a rtic le size Gen. Vent.
meas. (A sb.) Meas ure ments
;
Gen. Vent. Measurements
A sp h alt fumes
1
BZ GA
Asbestos
P a rt, s iz e fo r M eas.`a l l
Meas. Dow'Benax 2A1 ($?C,v
fib e rs + S ilic a lo c a l exhaust ' disodium'A-dodecylatcd
+ Silica
du st; # fre e systems + gen. oxydibcnzcneoulfonatc)
2
S ilica
(Asbestos)
U
"' *- v e n t iflta tio n .
b
*^A samples
(Asbestos)
(Not observed in op eratic:
1
Local exhaust
on saws; gen. * room v e n t.
2
! GA
( S ilic a ) `
fi f r e e S i l i c a (sem i-outdoors) A sp halt fumes
in dust
roof only.
J
P o ten tial exposures to asi
2
5^ (Asbestos) (Asbestos)
P article size *
E ffect o f ex haust on
asphalt mix; gen. vent.
Chlorothenc vapors, asphrl fumes. Hot observed in oVp*e4rVa tio n .
:
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lT'ZCr-' ~ OPERATION
--iTra ir1^ - A3335TCS-CEKENT
--
1 s t FLOOR SOUTH END
storcGc area, handling
gj-psitc fib c riz c r operation
CansdLraa Asbestos " f l u f f e r " r=> unloading o p era tio n
S i l i ca Er i n!2-cr ( t a l l m ill) S i l i c a flo u r a r a v o f f ( fo r Manco - i a t form, use)
MEZZANINE charging ' 'ciGh cars charging stock mixers
har.d ch arts mixer hopper, elevator, c o lle c to r area
MAD! FLOOR AREA board c u ttin g and t r im in g
scrap c u ttin g fo r trimmer edge trimming
scrap grin d in g room
ODDD /'27 - CAREY-TEMP. ^th
Asoestos fib c r iz c r Acoe^os veighing, charging
3rd ^ctnd- s cL\i o p eration
2nd har.d s tr ip p in g o p era tio n
FLOOR
FLOOR FLOOR
PRIORITY
ENVIRONi-'ENIAL MEASUREMENTS
, . ....
AIR SAMPLES
BULK SAMPLE, RAFTER DUST
VENTILATION MEASUREMENTS
:r
k
1
1 2
\ 1 1
GA (Asbestos) BZ GA A sb.
It
DZ+GA S i l i c a
BZ-fGA S i l i c a GA S i l i c a
P article size
for Asbestos
tt
tt
P article size
for S ilic a
cp fr e e S i l i c a
tt
tt
* A
Gen. Vent.
Check lo c a l exhaust
tt tt
It
It
Not operating during ir.s-nc-
t i o n . . P r io r it y based on o f operation, general a m -- ancc, exhaust con trol, m- of p'ers ons in v o lv e d , s n ! 11 dust accumulation, e tc .
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1
BZ GA fo r P a r t ic le s iz e Check a l l l o c a l '* ' 1 \ IK
1
Asbestos +
o f Asb. and o f exhaust systems
1
S ilica
S ilica ; +
and general
2
GA (Asbestos fre e S i l i c a in v e n t ila t io n
+ S ilica )
r a f t e r dust *- . -
3 - BZ + GA fo r P a r t ic le s iz e
tt
Asbestos
3
it
o f Atst bestos .. tt
3
It
tt
*
It
1
tt
it
-
Check p ain t spray area (apparent good co n tro l) .
-. (
3
BZ + GA f o r P a r t ic le s iz e Gen v e n t . and
3
Asbestos
o f Asbestos - a l l lo c a l ex
2
. tt
2
1
haust systems
tt
Not observed in o p eratio n .
It
tt
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S^vW'-i'iri 4-w . - : f & :j
'CATION OPERATION ,
il d in g 30
. Carco-caw operation . Tysamcn sav . K in e tic saws (2) F ie ld saw . D cN alt oa-.f . S :..a ll carbo caws (ou tsid e) . Few saw . Crating operation Shear cutters . General shop area . Leninator nixing platform
e l d i;:g #9 - s h in g l e m il l
1 s t FLOOR . Asbestos unloading hopper . sand and n ic a a d d itio n to rev e rse
side o f shingle
2nd FLOOR . m ixers, weigh sca le fo r 'c dust
b e lt conveyors fo r granules
3rd FLOOR . 'c dust vibratory separator
s la t e dust sto re and d e liv e ry granule bins
V" ""
PRIORITY
ENVIRONMENTAL IflEASUREMEi-ISS
AIR SAI'IPLES
BULK SAMPLE, RAFTER DUST
VENTILATION KAASUREiENIS
COICENT '
2 3 2 3 3 3 2-
\ h
3 3 3
2
k
2
1 1
2
BZ (Asbestos)
BZ
''
BZ
BZ
"
BZ
"
BZ
"
BZ
"
BZ
"
BZ
"
GA
"
GA
"
P a rticle size of Asbestos
Check lo c a l exhaust on ' a ll units
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BZ (Asbestos) P a r t ic l e s i z e ; GA ( S i li c a ) $ fr e e S i l i c a
/
* BZ sam ple; measure Bowie id (sodium pcntachlorophcnate check caustic u se.
i
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A sp h a lt fumes ,
GA '( S i li c a ) P a r t ic l e s iz e ; Cheek e n c lo -
4 ;
GA (Asbestos) f,j fr e e S i l i c a - s u r e s , l o c a l
c
exhaust
systems; gen.
v e n tila tio n
i >r " 1
BZ (Asbestos) P a r t ic l e s iz e
\\
Not observed in operation.
GA Asbestos + $ fr e e S i l i c a '
S ilica
. " / ; '
=-- - . V * **i .
-' - J i \ } f*. si' V* 1-,
' clj
PHILIP CARLI ITO. CO.
Page 7
`1. '? R epresentative A ir Samples
The e x act number and lo c a t io n o f b re a th in g zone and o rn e ra i room a i r samples has
n ot been s p e c ifie d fo r each o p e r a tio n . This can o n ly be determined when d e ta ile d
area evalu ation s are undertaken. A t th a t tim e the measurements n ecessary to
a ccu ra te ly describe each area v i l l be determined by such fa cto rs a s :
1 . the q u an tities and types o f m aterials used
2 . how the m a te ria ls are handled; v a r ia tio n s in p rocess
3 whether th e o p era tio n i s continuous or in te r m itte n t
If. how many persons are in v o lv e d ; t h e ir lo c a tio n s
5* whether p ersonnel are exposed to du st from s e v e r a l d iffe r e n t
operations
~
>
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6 . changes in room a i r flo w p a tte r n s ; sea so n al v a r ia t io n s , e t c .
7 . e ffe c t o f lo c a l exhaust systems
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,*4j,
The problem o f o b tain in g r e p re s e n ta tiv e samples i s a com plicated one. The tim e Z required to obtain dust samples u s u a lly is o f the order o f minutes or hours; w h ile a p erio d o f some months up to many years is g e n e r a lly required f o r the development o f diseases from d u sts. These diseases r e s u lt from the in te g ra te d e f f e c t o f dust breathed over a long p e r io d . On the oth er hand, a s in g le in p la n t dust determ ination rep resents o n ly the amount o f dust in the atmosphere a t a d e f in it e time and p la c e . I t cannot g iv e an in d ic a tio n o f the average exposure o f a man over a p e rio d o f years -- p a r t i c u la r ly i f he has not worked co n tin u o u sly a t the one jo b .
Thus a proper measure o f du st exposures req u ire s a p ic tu r e o f the v a r ia tio n s in dustin ess -- the dust flo o d s - - os w e ll as a measure o f the average c o n ce n tra tio n .. The lo c a tio n s o f the sampling p o in ts , the volume o f sample to be c o lle c t e d , and
PHILIP C/mBY Ml'G. CO. **
Fugc G
the frequency o f sampling must th erefo re he chosen c a r e fu lly through a d e ta ile d
t
stu d y o f the p a r t ic u la r o p e ra tio n . '.G e n era lly every e f f o r t is made to evalu ate
a dusty area with as few samples os p o s s ib le -- .d u st counts and p a r t ic le , siz.e
measurements are ted io u s and -time consuming o p e ra tio n s . - i
]
> V
The ca su a l observer m ight w e ll ask why any a i r samples or atm ospheric measurement. a re n ecessary -- some o f the p la n t areas are q u ite o b v io u sly v ery dusty However i t i s o n ly by a c tu a l atm ospheric dust measurements th a t the q u a n tity o f r e s p ir n s i
contam ination can be e s ta b lis h e d . Beyond th is ,, o f course, is the major o b je c tiv e o f sampling which is to id e n tify the p r in c ip a l sources, o f dust in order to apply appropriate con trol measures. Follow-up atmospheric samples then can in d ic a te . the effectiven ess o f such control measures.
Time Estim ate - - Engineering H /alu atio n Table I I contains -tin e estim ates (in man-days) to conduct in -p la n t and laboratory
measurements, to in te r p r e t and compute the r e s u lt s , and to form ulate recommenda tio n s . These estimates are the b est approximations which can be given a t th is
tim e . (The a c tu a l time w i l l depend la r g e ly upon the number o f samples necessary ,
which in turn w ill vary from operation to operation as explained in the previous
s'
se ctio n , page 7)
w
TABLE I I ' . ' t e l s Es t im a t e s -- e :g i ::e e e i ::g s u r v e y
#1 PRIORITY (lU /areas)
... .. - w
In -P la n t Measurements i
l . air. samples (estim ate between 25 and
s amples )
"bulle samples ( e s t. between 10 and 15 sam ples)
. v e n t ila t io n ; lo c a l, exh au st, g e n era l a i r movement
. occu p atio n al a n a ly s is -,
Laboratory Measurements
. dust counts (estim ate between 25 and U5) . p a r t i c le s iz e measurements ( e s t . "between 12 a n d .18) . chem ical analyses ( e s t . "between 5 and 8)
Interpretation
'
. computations, data analysis . conclusions, recommendations, rep ort
PGC 9
"&~. "
#2 PRIORITY (19 A re a s)
I n - P la n t Measurement
. a ir samples (estim ate between 2o and 18 samples)
. "bulk samples (csu . beuveen 12 and 17 samples)
15
. v e n tila tio n measurements; lo c a l exhaust, general a ir
. occupational analysis
Laboratory Measurements
. dust counts (estim ate between 2o and US counts)
. p a r t i c le s iz e measurements ( e s t . between 10 and 20)
16
chemical analyses ( c s t. between 5 and 8)
In te rp r t tjon
. computations, data an alysis
_
. conclusions, recommendations, report
.
10
Total
Ul
%
Alt'"' ! !
Pane 10
K *.
TABLE. I I (corvi'-a)
#3 PHIORIT (15 Ai'eas )
. `,, .J .
Time to C o rn ia te (in man-days)
In - P la n t Measurements '
\
*
. a i r samples '(estim ate .between 22 and kO samples ).-
"bull: samples ( e s t . `between 5 and 8 sam ples)
12
v e n tila tio n measurements; al 1 areas
occupational analysis
L ab o rato ry Measurements
. d u st counts (estimiate between 22 ana hO co u nts)
. p a r t ic le s iz e measurements ( e s t. between 6 -and 10)
13
. chem ical analyses ( e s t. between 2 and ^)
In te rp re ta tio n
^
-,
*
_
. computations, data an a ly sis . conclusions, recommendations, report
PRIORITY ( 6 Areas)
Total
33 .
In -P la n t Measurements
. a i r samples ' (estim a te between 10 and 18) . b u lk samples ( e s t. between and 8) . v e n t ila tio n measurements . occupational analysis
la b o ra to ry Measurements
. dust coxmts ( e s t . between 10 end 18)
. p a r t ic le s iz e measurements ( c s t . between k and 8)
. chem ical analyses ( e s t. between 2 and li- )
.
In te rp re ta tio n
. 7
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. computatiens, data an alysis . con clusion s, recommendations, report
5
Total
19
1* f 'CM..r-* '
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rry . '
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$&!?; -
Lee B. Fosdick In d u s tr ia l Hygiene Engineer
TRKHiOKD LIIIT VALUES
h.
In any dusty environment th e re i s the qu estion o f "how much" dust i s s a f e . To h elp answer th is question, Threshold Lim it Values fo r v a r io u s .to x ic m a te ria ls have "been e sta b lish e d by th e --American Conference o f Governmental I n d u s t r ia l
*Vi.\ I
II
H y g ie n ists. These values o f a llo v a b le a ir concentrations represent conditions
II
under v h ich most workers may be rep e ated ly exposed, day a ft e r day, w ithout
adverse e f f e c t s . They are guides fo r the c o n tro l o f h e a lth hazards r.ot fin e
lin e s between safe and dangerous co n ce n tra tio n s. I
The lim it s are based on the b e s t a v a ila b le inform ation from in d u s tr ia l e x p e rie n ce ,
from experim ental s tu d ie s , and, when p o s s ib le , from a com bination' o f th e two.
They are s u b je c t to m o d ific a tio n as more complete data become a v a i l a b l e I n th e ;
cuse o f dusts containing a t le a s t
free s ilic a , 5 m illion p articles of dust
per cubic fo o t of a ir (mppcf) has been estab lish ed as the Threshold Lim it V alu e. v
t
For dusty atmospheres co n tain in g asb esto s, the le v e l s im ila r ly has been s e t a t
5 irippef.
However, because o f the fib ro u s nature o f asb esto s, the threshold lim it cannot be considered to be as fir m ly e s ta b lis h e d as are lim it s fo r some o f the o th er
tt , d u s ts . Techniques used f o r e v a lu a tin g most o th e r dusts (considre as sp n eri c a l p a r t ic le s ) may not be e n t ir e ly v a lid fo r a sb e s to s . The e tio lo g y o f G sb csto sis s t i l l is under study and research e ffo r ts are v i t a l l y concerned w ith the e f f e c t o f the length and diam eter o f the fib e r s in producing lung damage.
- v'i-V.-*
Eased on the standard procedure fo r sam pling and counting dusts adopted by the F i f t h Annual Meeting o f ACGHI (19';2).
Page 12
One large- manufacturer o f products u sing a sb esto s'ev alu ates a ir samples taken in _' r
the p la n t fo r hoth dust and f i b e r s . ` . The re sp ira b le dust co n sists o f the more or le s s sp h e ric a l p a r tic le s 10 microns * and le s s in diam eter, v h ile the f ib e r i s ,.
considered to be those e lo n g a te d 'p a rtic le s g re a te r than 10 microns in le n g th . ; v'<
A threshold lim it o f 5 m illio n p a r tic le s per cubic fo o t o f a ir (mppcf) is applied
fo r the dust and 1 mppcf i s a p p lied to the f ib e r . (The 1 mppcf fib e r th resh o ld
l im i t i s based on experim ental work conducted a t the Saranac L ab o rato ries,
Saranac, New York and reported in "Experim ental Studies o f A sb e sto sis" . ) Tnese
guide lin e s are s a id to have worked out w e ll based on t h is p a r tic u la r in d u s tr y 's
c lin ic a l experience.
'
1 micron is approximately 1 o f an in ch . 25,"000