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LEAD Lead is Standard for New Orleans Water Services N New Orleans, which p I a \ s host In I the annual convention of the Ameri can Water Works Association this spring, approximately 115.0011 lead water services are giving satisfactory service. Rigid connections have never been used because, in the opinion of the Sewerage and W ater Board of New Orleans. the\ are not applicable to the citv's needs, owing to the many ob structions encountered in the commer cial and thick I \ populated areas which would necessitate the use of many extra fittings and entail considerable added expense. Services are installed at various depths, mans of them shal low. and are thus especiallx subjected to settlement and vibration. All water services in New Orleans are installed with lead pi pc and brass fittings with wiped solder joints at juncture of pipe and fittings. The Mexi- bilitv of lead pipe permits bending around obstructions w ithout the use of extra fittings and also takes up settle ment. while vibration can not shake bonded wiped joints loose. Services range from ~>s in. to 2 in. Taps are made with Mueller tapping machine. Single ">. in.. i.. and 1 in. taps are made in all size mains, and 11 _> in. taps in mains 12 in. and over. Two-inch taps are never made. When ever 11 o in. or 2 in. services have to be connected to small mains, two or more lead branches with wiped joints are substituted so that the sum of the cross-sectional area of the branches is equivalent to that of the larger service for which application was made. i I.. FRtSi N l ieu s/muing four ) in, laps serving a 2 in. water service irow a h in. main in \eiv Orleans The lead pipe is attached to a cor poration cock with l/g bend coup ling. or tail piece, and at the other end b\ a solder nipple to a Crescent meter box. sperialh designed and manufac- SPECIFY MATERIAL tured bv the Ford Meter Box Co. This box is fitted on the inside with S. & W' cock and expansion connection com plete for services from :,s in. to I1 4 in Larger services. 11 ^ in. and 2 in. are similar!v installed except that the S. & W. cock and meter are set in brick meter boxes with iron covers to permit removal of the meter w ithout disturbing the pavement. Meters with and without flanges have been used hut the Board prefers those equipped with Manges. In its opinion they are more easilv installed and removed and require less fittings, as unions and plain nipples have to he used on both sides of meters to connect to those without Manges. Flange joints are never used on lead services at the main. Goose-necks or branch connections made of lead pipe are used at both main and end of lead pipe inside ol curb for future connections on long leads or services installed ahead ol street paving from which extensions can he made. This obviates the necessitv of manv long services. All ser vices are extended by the Vi ater Board to 1 ft. inside of the property line. -11 in. lap anil lead laid ivilh cjj in. branch lonnedion > ` enirig a double col lage in A eu Orleans < HAS. I , SkAM'k Thus New Orleans, metropolis of the deep South, an unusual combina tion of the old and modern, and one of the world's great and historic ports, is assured of economical water services that perform long and satisfactorilv. Vie are indebted to Alfred F. Theard. general superintendent of the Sewer age and Water Board of New Orleans for the information and photographs in this article. L I A 2 5 Afc 7 Office Building Features White Lead Painted Interiors \ specifvin^ pure white lead and oil paints for the interiors ui the Hnlw'ke Mutual Fire Insurance Companx's home office at Salem. Mass., the architects showed keen understanding ,,f painting problems and judicious se lection of materials. The offices are housed in a three-story reinforcedmncrete building with exterior walls of light buff brick. The interior walls are plastered and painted with white lead tinted to buff and ivory tones. tsmith and W alker. Boston. Mass.. were the architects for this building and fully appreciate the merits of u lute lead: "We usually specify lead and oil for interior work and have \et to find anx preparation which, for most pur poses. is equal to first-class white lead and good linseed oil." It is axiomatic to say that good painting is a justifiable and sound ex penditure. whether for homes or for offices such as these. However, to gain the most return from such an invest ment. care should he taken to select materials which will provide maxi mum eeonomv over a period of tears. In this respect, pure white lead and oil paints will he found most economical and serviceable. Their durability and efficiency have been widely recognized for main years. Repainting and retouching are brought to a minimum by the long life of lead paints, and also because sur faces painted with white lead need onlv be washed from time to time to regain their original cleanliness, freshness and attractiveness. This elimination of frequent repainting and retouching is verv desirable since these operations are usuallx accom panied with hectic disarrangement <d office equipment and disturbing of olfice routine. Washing, however, large1\ eliminates this annexing and unnecessan disorder. Furthermore, since w bile lead paint ed walls and ceilings max he kept clean bv w ashing, the benefits obtained from the paint's high light reflectivil\ max he realized to the fullest extent. Lighter offices are more comfortable to work in and result in a decrease nl electricitx consumed and an increase in working efficiency. The danger of eve strain is considerable reduced. Mixed on the job. white lead paint max' be tinted to a xx ide xarietx nl shades and colors, appreciably broad ening the scope ut decoratixe possi bilities. This makes pure white lead paint an ideal material for the application of modern paint sty ling, xxhich is of great importance on interiors as well as exteriors. Today, paint st\ ling calls for stippled finishes, stenciling, strip ing and the artistic selection of har monizing and contrasting colors, ef fects xxhich are easilx obtained bx competent painting contractors. Durable, attractive and economical, pure white lead and oil paints give satisfactorx results xxhich are a credit to the architect and appreciated 1>\ his clients. The painting contractor for this job xxas the H. Newton Marshall Co. of Quincy. Mass. i Mill || Tin; ROBB STI'DIOS A typical office interior which has been painted with white lead, and a liew of the first floor general offic space >>i the building [3] LIA25468 I Kl k White Lead and Home77 Built Ui KIRK MEARS Putting finishing touches on the "Certigrade Home", painted with pure white lead throughout ROBABLY the most talked about It has been carefully planned in every P home in America at the present respect to be a ''perfect" home and time is the "Certigrade Home"' justshould do much to add impetus to the constructed by the Red Cedar Shingle building industry and encourage con This paint treatment of the exterior makes a brightly cheerful house ami offers the possibility of changing the colors and decorative treatment at an\ Bureau in Arlington County. Virginia, struction of sound, low-cost housing. under Loan No. 1 of the amended Houses like this can lie built for Federal Housing Act. It has the from $4000 to $4(100. exclusive of lot. cooperation and endorsement of the depending upon location, thus coming Lead Anti-Vibrati l j; 20.000 retail lumber dealers of the under the 90 per cent loan provisions I EAD'S effectiveness as a material countrv. represented in the National of the new F.H.A. Yet these are not I for anti-vibration insulation i- XI 'yI Lumber Dealers Association. Since this home is built as a demonstration cheaply built, poorly constructed houses. In addition to all modern con demonstrated by a delicate balance in the Central Experimental Laboratories Li of the fact that comfortable, economi veniences. they embody the finest struc of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Com cal. and well-built homes can be con tural features. For instance, double- pany at Wilmington. Del., which ac structed with the finest materials for coursed red cedar shingles painted curately measures to one-millionth ol people with relatively low incomes with pure white lead and oil have been a gram. It is used for micro-analytical and sold at a profit, pure white lead used for exterior walls. Thus the ex work. The arm is balanced on a knife- paint and sheet lead have been em cellent insulating value of the double edge of agate and the readings are ployed extensively in its construction. shingles is gained and the cheerful taken with the aid of a powerful mag beauty and decorative possibilities of nifying glass. paint. All exterior sheet metal work is durable, non-staining sheet lead. In terior walls and ceilings are plywood with flush joints decorated with pure white lead paint. Both interior and ex terior painting have been carried out in the latest style trends appropriate for this tvpe of house. Naturally, the chemist who use^ such an extremely delicate instrument must take adequate pre cautions for avoiding vibrations which would mar the accuracy of measurements. Conse quently. the scale, en closed in a glass case, i .t. Exterior Painting rests on a heav\ lead f: All exterior shingle walls and trim plate, one inch thick, were given three coats of pure white with the lead plate lead and oil. a Hat finish being em cushioned bv sponge ployed on the shingles. Trim paint was rubber pads which, in - N mixed from w'hite lead paste in the turn, are set on a stone ,.5 usual way. Shutters and flower boxes slab. were painted green and shingles and This is but one of trim white. Paint for the shingles was the ways in which lead mixed according to the accompanying serves in combating vi flashing for frame construction formulas. bration. To counteract LIA25469 nd wishing fr "Certigrade Paint for Wood Shingles t UnJj^ A. Loan No.1 Priming Coat Second Coat Flal Finish Coat Soft Paste W hite Lead 100 lb. 100 lb. Linseed Oil ................. 4 gal. 1 2 gal. Pure Turpentine .... 1;U gal- ; 5,i gal- Lead Mixing Oil or Lead Reducing Oil. i __ j __ Liquid Drier ............... 1 pi. Ipt. Gallons of Paint.......... 9 6 Coverage per Gallon ( Approximate i 200 sq. ft. 400 sq. ft. 100 lb. -- -- 1 gal. -- 7 Olio sq. ft. V aip Hashing nor desired time with many appropriate and combinations. Furthermore, early re the painting can be avoided because of the am areat durability of white lead. When >ratio| Under Delicate Scale rial i i> e in ries umao 1 of icai ifeare ia?- i?es lent | : [ [ die vibration caused by railroad trains, lead-asbestos pads are used under mam buildings, notable among which are the Bell Telephone Laboratories Building in New \ ork Citv. through the second floor of which pass freight trains of the New- York Central Rail road. This installation was described in the March. 1933, issue of LEAD. Also in newspaper and industrial plants, printing presses and other machinerv are often mounted on sheets of lead. The same qualities of lead that make it applicable for an ti-vibration insulation render this material ad vantageous for sound insulation, as evidenced by the recent installa tion of a lead-lining in a room in the General Physiology laboratory of the Sorbonne Universitv (LEAD. Mav, 1937i. Lead is easilv ap plied and has the ad vantage of taking little space in comparison with other materials used to block vibration. repainting is necessary or desired, it will be economical because no expen sive preparation will first be required since white lead wears down smoothly and evenlv. and always adheres firmly. Sheet Metal W ork Lead was selected for all exterior sheet metal work permanently to pre vent leakage at intersections and pre clude repairs, and also to eliminate anv possibility of unsightly stains dis figuring the beautiful exterior. Water running over lead flashing and then over other surfaces, such as painted shingles, does not cause discoloration. In the "Certigrade Home", lead flashing was placed over all window and door heads, running up in back of the shingle siding. This effectively pre vents entrance of moisture at these vul nerable points, which, if permitted, mav cause paint and other troubles. Valievs are closed and flashed with sheet lead soakers, small pieces of flashing interwoven with the shingle courses and completelv concealed. This treatment prevents leakage al roof slope intersections. Concealed lead flashing is also used on the ridge. The chimney is flashed with lead and a sheet lead cap placed over the top of the chimnev to prevent leakage at that point. Lead downspouts were also specified on this home and lead gas kets used to make water-tight the joints in the wood gutters. Interior Painting A complete description of the in terior painting of this house w ith pure white lead paint will be given in the next issue of LEAD. W. W. W oodhridge is manager of the Red Cedar Shingle Bureau. Seattle. Wash., which is constructing the ''Cer tigrade Home", and W. D. Richardson, technical engineer of the Bureau, had charge of its construction. All the work was done h\ a local ueneral con tractor and sub-contractors, just as am home would he built in that or other communities. Wre will be glad to assist builders with information on lead work and painting for the hundreds of similar houses that will probablv be built all over the country using these excellent specifications. Isometric detail oi lead Hashing on a closed valley LI A 25470 Lead Work Adds Distinction to Long Island Homes `S Detail nt the dormer window .showing the lead-entered tace. c h e e k s. a n <i I e a d t ames in windou l.eud-roofed doorwu\ on Great .\eck home with skillfully de lineated lead frieze vnoTns rv W \' RTS IIROS. RNAMENTAL lead work has limited budget leave the architect little O in manv case? enabled the leeway. At slight extra cost, however, architect to add a finishing touchsmtoall porch or bay window roofs of his work that will give a client special lead with decorative friezes, ornamen pleasure or make a speculative house tal lead leader-heads or gutters, or more saleable. Everv home owner other lead features can be made to set likes to have something distinctive a house off from its neighbors and add about his own home to set it apart a charm not otherwise obtainable. from the usual run-of-the-mill con Illustrative of the adaptability of struction. Frequently this requirement lead for such ornamental work are the taxes the architect's ingenuity, particu two Long Island homes shown in the larly in the frequent instances wherein accompanying photographs. The first the mam demands of the client with a of these, located in Great Neck, em bodies a lead roof over both the front entrvwav and the hav window on the side of the house. Augmenting the charm rendered hv these features is a lead frieze, running around the bottom of each roof, which has been beaten hv hand in an attractive flowered motif. Both fascias and roofs are made from 4 Hi. soft lead, the roofs being in stalled b\ the standing seam method to po ide f r expansion and contrac tion. The second of these homes, in Hemp- l A A General lieie oi the Hempstead and Great Seek homes showing how attractively the ornamental lead work har monizes with the type oj construction L IA25A71 | ,Hspla> s i|uite unusual treat| ill*' tace alR' L''llh cl'eeks 1,1 tl,e ' .,,,,,1-slurv ilunner window being i'r.Veretl with 1 lb- liaml-u rought lea J. \|,i -ince the window is <>l lead me*. the lead covering with ils InnpIe and \et verv pleasing design is appropriate. Supplementing tins lead work is a ,,1|ller and leader faced w ith lead, hand Peatei! to a decorative design. | eac| is ideally suited for ornamenlal metal work. Its durability and the charm of its natural color are widely iccomiized h\ present-day architects, l ead is easili applied and may he worked into a wide variety of attrac tive decorative embellishments, which mai easili provide the necessary "final touch" for the home. Furthermore, of major interest and importance is the fact that such lead work need not he rvpensiie and can usually he made to lull within the stipulated budget. Mr. F. (1. Irw in, of Rockville denier. |,, 1.. produced the ornamental lead work shown on these two homes. Architects for the house in Great Neck \\ G KTS KKi is. Detail oj decorative hand-wrought gutter anti leatler on the Hempstead home were Aspinwall and Simpson, of that cil\. Arthur McKenna. Garden ditv. L. I., was the architect for the house in Hempstead. Small Applications of Lead: A Desk Lamp HIS month's contribution to found today, both in this counlrv and T"Small Applications of Lead", an abroad, where this craft has for vears ornamental desk lamp, shows a very been highlv skilled and the results unusual and artfully created applica highlv admired. It is interesting to tion of lead work. Sheet lead forms note the increased attention and ap the base of the lamp and lead pipe of preciation now accorded this work in interlocking sizes makes up the stand America. ard. The shade is ol hand carved sheet lead on opaipte glass, the cleverly de lineated designs depicting various op erations in producing and fabricating lead. The face shown in the photo graph represents, on the top. the pour ing of lead, while a lead smelter and refinery are shown in the bottom rec tangle. One of the other faces has a skillfully carv ed design depicting leadburning ol a large chemical tank lining. This unique lamp further demon strates the adaptability of lead which lias made this metal highlv valued for ornamental work for many hundreds "I years. This adaptability, due to the ease with w Inch lead is w orked. is aug mented by its pleasing gray patina. Many age-old examples of the art of ornamental lead-working are to he A. W. W. A. Action on L. I. A. Standard " HE final report on ' Tentative T Standard Specifications tor Lav ing Last-Iron Pipe" made bv sub committee 7-D of the American W ater Works Association's Lommittee mi W ater W orks Practice specifies thul calking lead shall he ol a qualitv cor responding to the Lead Industries As sociation Standard for this material. The section relating to calking lead quality follows: "Lead for calking purposes shall contain not less than 99.7 ! per cent pure lead. Impurities shall not exceed the l ed low ing limits : Par cent Arsenic. Anti mo n v and Tin together................. lull 5 Loppcr ................................ O.nll Zinc....................................... it.IHI2 Iron.......................................... liismuth .............................. Silver ..................................... 0.002 0.25 0.U2 "The producer's name or identifica tion mark shall be clearly cast m stamped upon each piece ol lead.' This report was accepted "in prin ciple" bv the Hoard of Directors ol the Water Works Association on Jan uary 19. 193d. and printed in the Februarv issue of the Journal ol that Association. Final consideration will Lie given at the Board meeting in New Orleans t the time of the Annual (^invention in April. Adoption and use ol this speritication will assure water works engineers of getting calking lead of proper qual ity for making satisfactory joints in cast-iron pipe. There is the furthei advantage that lead meeting the speci fication mav bear the "Lead Indus tries' Seal of Approval" and by simpiv specifving that calking lead shall hear this Seal, engineers will he assured ol lead meeting the Water Works Asso ciation's specification, thus prov iding an easy means of identification. Just how this works to help water w orks en gineers may be seen from the article mi page d of this issue ol LEAD. SPECIFY LEAD lDDUSTXIES' MATERIAL [7] LI A25472 Seal of Approval Calking Lead for Atlantic City Main n g in e e r s for the E new Atlantic City cast iron w ater main bate shims for cushioning the pipe. The next operation was placed reliance on the de to lift the sections from the pendability of lead by skids with the portable specifying this material derrick, socket the joints, for joints. Moreover. the\ and lower the length onto have also specified that the the cradles. Joints were calking lead shall bear the then poured with lead and "Lead Industries Seal of calked by hand. Approval ". By so doing, The choice of lead for they have made certain calking on this job was an that the lead will meet the especialIv wise one. Lead rigid standards of the Lead joints are flexible, which Industries Association, as . ^ in this case is very essen outlined in the article on '' A tial since the pipe is ex page 7. Installation of the new line, consisting of 18.300 Old and neu Atlantic City pipe lines. That on the left icc/s laid in l(i! 4. that on the right in 1*437 posed to the sun and is. therefore, subject to elon gation and contraction. ft. of 48 in. cast-iron pipe, was begun as a W.P.A. project early in 1937 and, weighing between four and five tons apiece, were rolled by large gangs of Furthermore, they are virtually un affected bv the corrosive action oi salt when completed, will connect the out- men onto wooden skids leading to con water soil: both are characu ; - its lving Absecon Pumping Station with Atlantic City proper. A major part of the installation work has been done by crete cradles. These cradles, two to each pipe length, were cast, each one over a pair of wooden piles driven to which mean longer life and less main tenance cost for the water line. Design and specifications of this hand and has been complicated by the fact that the piping must pass through grade, and were fitted with pliable line were made by the office of Clyde Potts, consulting engineer, of New salt marsh terrain. SPECIFY In the procedure, the pipe sections. MATERIAL York City. Mr. Lincoln Van Gilder is water superintendent of Atlantic City. ..ii iaftgrsg y* ' Getting the pipe on the cradles, using the portable derrick Rolling a large section by hand onto skids leading to the cradles HlinTOS COIKTESY C. S. P1TE AND EOUNDKY in. UPON REQUEST. THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE. TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE. WITHOUT OBLIGATION. IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS LI A25473 PRINTED IN U.S.A. BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING CO.. NFW YORK CITV