Document bavNjZx0ZkjBzwgM4bvB79jQk

--"' '* celled Ceruesa sutmt* of lead found la aaaall quantities la Europe* Old XXztcb Process dUoowwt bjr Strating?* about 1600 AD* Patented in England la 1622* Uade first bjr Sbordn-tilliams Co* at Chicago la 1910* Uotallie Lead ia shape of disks or buoklss 6" la diaastar planed la pots containing weak Acetic Add la reoeaaed bottoa* piled up la "steaks"! pets covered dth Taa bark! remain la "steak" 120 days! Carfeoaio Aoid generated from Taa berk: aad Aoid vapors corrode the aetal late Beale Lead Cntoata dth Ohaado&l goia of about 2$Z, Corroded pigoest is washed* purified to separate uaoorxudod Leed particlesI dried and ground into a dry powder for uea by paint manufacturers* Ehlts Lead aa aarkoted for Bous* Painting, ground la Oil 9l Lead - % Oili or 87? Dead* Oil aad 2f> Turpentine oa a soft pasts* liioh of such Lead in Oil Is mads by passing the vet pulp Lend directly tram the washing tubs into m palper aad edging with Oil by proosss which forces the water out* thus avoiding drying end grinding arpeaee* Quick Prooeea Lead first developed as dumber prooeea Sir* Janes Creod la 1849* Carter Prooeea patented la 1889* M* began manufacture at Chicago la 1921* UetelUo Lead malted* attacdsod* placed la large oyllader treated with diluted Aeetie Add aad Carboalo Add Coe* Prooeea requires dghtdays sad eheesleel gain is 235** Generally lighter* slighter speolfle parUy than Old Dutob* 0919) tion f Sodium Carbonate* Electric aurrent le applied* Load Carbonate la famed* This process pradnessaLavd vfcleh Is brilliantly Chita sndvory fiae in particles. - Prsdpibatei Boston Leed ismads by treating a bode Land Aoctets solution "dth Carbon DiosdLds Cass* The presets Is readily eonfcroUoS -at all stages aad results ia Carbonate ofgroatsr uniformity, tlasaeee and generally obiter ttrna other metinda* tbits Lead is one of the moat opaque Chits pigacnt* that is la most ocmon use dterw ewer Chits plgaeat of danse eovwrlag quality is required* bed chiefly for Outside Bouss Paints* It is Imdlspanesbls la best quality paints used for this purpose* Lead Sulphate* basio car sublimed Load* one patented by Leds la 1&79* Lead Ore nixed With powdered ssthroaits ooal raduosd end volatilised la a closed furnace! fumes are eoadensed aad eolleetad la fabric bags* Very similar la. general qualities and us# to Load Carbonate sneept that it is less poissnous and more resistant to blackening action tram sulphurous gases* SUbllmed Bine Lead produoed la much the sms wey as Load Sulphate! Is praetleelly inert la Uaaeed Oils not effected by sulphuric gaooat ooeupiea a place among Bust Inhibitors* fine Odds discovered by Curtois ia Freaos la 1782* LoClalr la 184$ found method to u h it for Oil Paints* framh Preeoss sapors given off from burning Zinc L'otal in currant at olri fume eaadmsed end poedere eollsetsd la closed chambers* Aucrloen Prooeea - Vetherlll patent la 18$6* Zina Ore burned with pasdcrwA antlirooite reduced sad velatillsod la elessd fUsaaool Asses oondsassd aad powder eollsetsd la bags. v 0007-SWP-000007362 2 ,____Qadd* very Whits color* French Process generally Whiter than AaerioMu Degrees of TThitsnass expressed as Bed.ileal. Groan Seal or DSP (coloring Whitest grade) Both American sad French Process Zina Oxides act affsctod by etnoapherie gases* Vos usod largely la Snamsls and la the subbar Inducts? as aa oxidising agent. Zinc Oxide first used la Haase Paints la eoribia&tien with White Led to eoua&cr-eet the chalking tendency of lead. leaded Zincs first manufactured at Sberein-'iilliaaa Company at Ceffeyvllle in 1904. Produced froei Ores of Zinc aad lead Sulphide, They are mixed with pondered anthracite and reduoad and volatilised in elosod funaeel fuses pass through eondsnaeri pondera oolleoted la bags* Proportions of lead Sulphate rang# from S| lfl* 2Qj sad $QJf, balaaoo of Zlao Oxide, Whiteness of color gsnenly inferior to Zine Oxide. Chief use as ingredient for Exterior House Faints, line Sulphide nade hy passing tydxwgsn Sulphide Gass througi solution of Zino Sulpfaido. Has good opacity* eery fine oolori uood owranly in onaaels, lacquers and slnllar produets requiring dense severing capacity. Titsalua Pigmental First attsopt to use it as pignent was credited to J, if, fyl&ad in England u4p Hot developed definitely as Kbits Plpaexlfc until by Dr, Boss! of Tltanitra Alley Coqsqf, Klagara Falls, la 3908, For a tine aaterial mas aado ffron Florida sands but bo w primary souses is XUaanlte, a miaorel found la India, chiefly <7^ Ireai.fijjt Titaaina Dioxide, . Cbaaleal trwatamt removes Zsua aad pure 7102 remains Bsduosd grades are aasfaetad under naae of Titanes 0, 2& 71021 7$C Beriua Suphato aad Tltaaex 1 25 Ti02l 7$Z Calcium Sulphate, 71tsalus plpaenta are all extremely final brilliantly White, inert to cU;;psint, vanish aad laequsr ingredients. Chief use for Outside House Paint, :snssls,vrlacquers, rt&bsr and coated paper. tithepens patented ia Bnglia>d ia lfl7d,:i Flrst4.- e^ la Shervia-tflllions Co, Chicago S917 sod CofXWyvllle Plaat astaLlltfMd ia l?Jl, Otx'a White, Zino Sulphide preeipitated with Serlua Sulphate! ohessleal changes "result ia oesqpositlea about y%i Zias Sulphate and 70 Boritas Sulphide, There ere other forms of Calslias Lithepoas, Titanium Lithopene snd high stseegtti Lilhopaoea Comsta^tiea now sxoeeds all othar / White plpmefca, Chief use is for Interior Flat Well Paintst was largely used for shade cloth, liaoleua^ -Whits Babber, papar costing aad printing inks. Inert or Bainforelag Pimento''of-wear verities are used in paint industry, cost 1st, portent of shieh are Uerlia Sulphate (Barytas)I Uagnesium Silieato (Asbestine) 1 Slliea (Silsx)| Alierfna (China Clay) sad Celsius Carbonate (Whiting), Barytas is mads by grinding Oral(focnd chiefly ia Uissourll Artansasl ksamwMi Wat Virginia and Worth Carolina*) then moving impurities la sa sold bath, washing aad bolting the powder. It is ohenieally stable! use Chiefly to dilute high oolorad or expensive pigments. Asbestine UsBassium Silloats reek is ground, purified and . bolted or air^floated. Died ia moderate proportion it is fluffy and this keeps it ia suspension paints. Silica ruck is exushsd, ground, purified aad bolted or aimfloated, Dead largely la fillers and is a flattening agent in wall eastings aad traffic lias paints. 0007-SWP-000007363 3 China Clay Alumina reek is crushed* ground* washed and floated. Very inexpsnelW used in Freight Car Paints and othar low priced points* Tilting As Caleiun Carbonate fro* the chalk cliffs of the East Cesst of Englondia the beet source* Ground, washed* floated in miter ad dried* First use is in Putty and as a extender for expensive pigseats* garth Colors oone das* to vs fra* ansisat tines* Are adored sdnosala or natural deposits utilised ss pigesttts after grinding and purifying* Iron Oxide in Bod* Brown or Purple used ohoifly for Freight Car Points* Roof Paints snd Bam end Bouse Feints* etc* Tory in color fra* Light Venetian Sad to Baric Breen or Beep Huron* Ochres are Yellow Iron Oxide need chiefly In Yellow Freight Car and Born taints* Sienna used chiefly for tinting points end eamels* Haw* Light Boutra! fallow producing leery and Ten tints* Burnt rich Bedish Brown ooler used for tinting and stains* Vribar ohlefly u mA u tinting plguen* ml axle Bm wliktlage of drean or dies* Burnt*, vans* dark Broun tint* Bod Load and OraageMnorcl are Bex Oxides fornod by oxidising Lssd exposed to lov heat in wjgaiirfurnace! usedeheifly as coating for aetal surfaoos* ' ..i'.'jT*!- ` Blaek ia the fom of sootfrraflrs* is porhape the earliest pigaant knom* loan Black ade hyChineiofrontlno imonorial by bunsing oil In leaps with ineuf'fi- loot nir-sqi^lye^^ , Carton Blank node fro* goes first in this country in 1864* - :Ivorr; Bono or Fins Bleaks rode fra* burning cutting* in olaoad retorts* grinding and refining tho"chsreod residue* lamp and Carbon Blake eons praetleally pure Carbon! had eery lov epeoifle gravity, oil absorption of tinting strength very high! first used for paints* onsaols* l&oquers* printing inks and subbar* Dry Colors first nude by Shersin-TOlllsas Ccnpeay at Clmk,nd in 1896* SVrrod to Chicago for *uoh larger plant in 1903* Ultramarine Blue first snd# by Christian Cuolln at Faria in 1828* Bads byfilling together Aiuaina*Bodiint Sulphate* Sodium Carbonate* Sulphide Coal* ate* flood in paints* sneasls* lacquers* printing inks* eoatsd papers* sto* Prussian. Chinese or Iran Blue first discovered by Diesbaoh in Berlin in 1710* . Sherwia-Kililans first eonaoetien with dry eolers througi Lssis Bsrgor A Sons* Ltd* he began swnufaeturs of Frussion Blue In London in 1780* Prussian Blue is node by a precipitating of a solution of Soluble Iron Salt with a solution of Potasslun or Bedim Perrooysnide and subsequaib oxidation of tho prooipitoto* The prinolplo uses art for paints* eooasls* lacquers* printing inks and orated pepers* if uai>'T"-iiii ,r.w ai 11 nili 0007-SWP-000007364 A'- 4- B__k__e_o am Md both tnagsteted and noa-tcngetatod types* Haa eacaellaut strength* brilliant color* paraawioa and faat-to-light* Hon-tungstatod ,ly introduced In England aa Itanastral Blue or Beliogea in Genssy* la the outstanding addition to color wanufeoture in tba past oentazry* Aliali Blue used tor printing mauihafterwrs for tawing np Blacks and oartain Blue TEST.----------- Victoria Bi.ua tmgoteted Bloa ^yet vary brilliant and stable to allcall* Vlelat-Pemanant Methyl Violet nrae&nltatad Arc stuff with fbeaPhotuncatlo Aeidi us*A fw pricing late. Chrom Tallow fast demleped about 1800* Ihdo by precipitating nelntlon of Lead Sait witk soluble lead Chrmete* Haa vary pemanant and mat inhibit!ve* r.iao Tallsv is wade by using Zino Instead of n load base* Chief noo la for paints* anemia* lacquers* printing ink* papor coatings and floor Tarings* Pertasnaa Yellow nndo by ooupling aata nitre pom telaidina with ooeto acetanilide* Superior to ckraao of Zino Yellows in pomansnoo and three or four tinea its tinctorial strength eni vary resistant to sold and shall* Chrom Orson first node in Frmoa la I838 by a eenfeinatim of specially prepared 'Prussian Blues with Chraaa Tallow* Thera are two general types* Acetate node with Aoetete Aeld and Sltrato wade with the Tallows that they contained* First chief use is for Bouse paints* entasis* laoquera* pristine inks* floor aerating** etc* Chraaa Oxide Preens are very penaanaat and used shere mst panmnont Green color is required* ' 7::: ^ : '' Solfaot Green Toners - basic dry stuff mdo with phosopho-tungatic aoid* Tory brilliant in color with high tinetorlal strength and goad pemaneaee* - Oragiio^Boda Use Anallae Bye disoowared by Slr Billion B* Perkin* vfco in England W u<$ wade a Usure Eye used to dye silk for a dress for Quean Victoria* Por this ha was knighted* Press this dlsoomzy has followed a wary wide range of nup oolers node by nest complicated ohsnical prooosaoo* Bara Bads are a precipitated solution of diaootisod Para Hltxwniline by Beta Uaphthol* The Light Pam ia produoad by coupling Bam Bitmnilino with Beta Baphthol* The dark la produoad by ropleolng 10 of the Beta Baphthol vdth Mono Aoid* These Bods ham good pasmnanoc to li^zt and caaellsot sorering power* Are uaad in taoderato priced Bed Fnamla* etol but the uaa is rostrioted in lacquers on aoocsit ofl the bleeding tendency* Toluidlna Bed ia produoad by ooupling Beta Vitro Para Teluldine with Beta Baphthol* i!t 'ia lighter and brighter than Pami very fa*t-toli^it and opaque* Does not blood In paint wehieles but bloods badly in lacquer solvents* Used in the beat grade snsmls and printing inks`requiring pesasaanoo and bright .Bods* Graphic Bed - Sberwin-milaas trade mnfe far Lithol Bod - la the result of ooupling Tobias Acil and Bata Baphthol* Various shades are produced by foming different mtallle salts* Color ia bright and elaaaj fairly pornanant* Ban-bleeding ia Oil* Chief use is in printing inks and also valusablo for onanols* . 0007-SWP-000007365 $Bad C color apaeially suitable for pristine inkj elesa aad bright and funtligliti aar>bloa&lng in Oil nod mter* Penasu Rod la nade by ooupline Ortho-ChlrPe*a-lTitrBnilin* vith Beta KepJvthcl. kaa axoaTtrat fastness to light* Doss sot blood in paint rohielas Uit docs blood la Synthotio Ycbioloa containing Ccael Tar Seleeato* Babaaoac Redo or Lithol Rubiao have oxoolloat fastness to llgit and aro very bright ia oolor* Bead chiefly for printing laki also for point and eaaaels requiring penaansnee aad noa-bleedlng qualities* Solfaot Toaera raproaant a new liae of oelora brilliant* fcxab-te-li^t and s o d * blooding* lapreea too groups - the Solfaot Soda and PinVa and Tungstatod Bhodaniao Bods* Maroon Toners rcpraaoct a group of CP organic pigaantat non-blooding, fairly resistant" 'to'lightl beautiful rich tones suitable for laequers* aad paints aad oaanolo* Per--"**b Orenco Tenors ropressab Orange organio ooloro node by coupling Ortho Xltmalliae with i**ta"Sapfcthel vosy pennant la oolori quite opaquei blood slightly In oator aad ell* 0007-SWP-000007366