Document barrNQGXEoaxoKZY7G4ok05p3

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT DUP-1987 QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE RtSPiRAiUK FIT TESTING ** kSSl REGION III PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE TEXAS ASM UNIVERSITY FEBRUARY 6, 1924 -- FEBRUARY 8, 1984 Lee T. Freeland, CIH Senior Chemist E. I. du Pont de Nemours S Co., Inc. Polymer Products Department Beaumont Works P. 0. Box 3269 Beaumont, Texas 77704 DUP 0501963.001 001624 KMtWtfe yg'iMHii.ianiian wniiitiite Sitt- .-Ssjjjffi-uiay '-aa THIS AFTERNOON I KILL BE PRESENTING AN OVERVIEW OF RESPIRATOR RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY DUPONT OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS. SOME OF THE MAIN INVESTIGATORS FOR THIS PERIOD WERE STEVE DIXON, TOM NELSUN, ORRIN SKRETVEDT AND OTHERS. THE INFORMATION I WILL PRESENT HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED AT AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION MEETINGS AND AT LOCAL AND TRADE ASSOCIATION SEMINARS. ONE OF THE FIRST ITEMS WAS TO ESTABLISH A PROTOCOL THAT COULD BE QUANTIFIED AND WOULD MEASURE THE PROlECTIuN REQUIRED TU PROTECT ANY EMPLOYEE FROM TOXIC AGENTS. THE NEXT ELEMENT OF THE PROTOCOL WAS THE SELECTION OF THE RESPIRIATOR. (SLIDE 1). SEVERAL MANUFACTURERS' MASK IN VARIOUS SIZES WERE HADE AVAILABLE AND THE EMPLOYEE WAS ALLOWED TO CHOOSE THE RESPIRATOR THAT FIT OR WAS MOST COMFORTABLE TO WEAR (SLIDE 2). IT IS IMPORTANT RECOGNIZE THAT AN EMPLOYEE NEEDS TO FEEL COMFORTABLE AND CONFIDENT IN USING ALL PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. ANOTHER KAY OF SAYING THIS; IF THE EMPLOYEE IS INVOLVED AND PART OF A PRO CESS, HE IS MORE LIKELY TO USE THE EQUIPMENT PROPERLY. AFTER THIS SELECTION, THE FIT TEST METHOD WHICH I WILL OISCUSS LATER WAS PRESENTED ON AN EIGHT MINUTE SOUNO/SLIOE ORIENTATION PROGRAM (SLIDE 3). THIS PROGRAM WOULD ENSURE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEED FOR COOPERATION, A DATA COLLECTION FORM FOR RECORD PURPOSES, THE ISOAMYL ACETATE SENSITIVITY CHECK, FACEPIECE SELECTION (STANDARD PROCEDURES FOR ASSEMBLING A FIT TEST CHAMBER), STANDARD TEST EXERCISES AND STANDARD PRACTICES FOR CONDUCTING POSITIVE AND/OR NEGATIVE PRES SURE FIT TESTS. IT SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD THAT WHETHER THE EMPLOYEE SELECTS'A RESPIRA TOR FIRST OR SEES THE SLIDE/SOUND PRESENTATION IS VERY DEPENDENT ON THEIR FAMILIARITY UITH RESPIRATOR USE. I WILL NOW DISCUSS THE MERITS AND DETAILS OF THE ISUAMYL ACETATE RESPIRATOR FIT TEST. BESIDES PROVIDING AN EMPLOYEE ADEQUATE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION, ANOTHER GOAL OF THE PROJECT WAS TO SELECT A TEST WHICH WAS SAFE, RELIABLE, SIMPLE, AND COST EFFECTIVE. LTF/bdr 2/6/84 (15,311 -1DUP 0501964 DU 001625 wi-k iewi r aiitteiw.w. (SLIDE 4) RESPIRATOR FIT TESTING IS ACCOMPLISHED BY EXPOSING A RESPIRATOR WEARER TO A TEST ATMOSPHERE AND DETERMINING THE EXTENT OF FACEPIECE LEAKAGE EITHER QUANTITIVELY OR QUALITATIVELY (SLIDE 5). THE RATIO UF THE INSIDE FACEPIECE CONCEN TRATION TO THE OUTSIDE TEST ATMOSPHERE CONCENTRATION DETERMINES THE PROTECTION FACTOR OF FIT FACTOR. (SLIDE 6) QUALITATIVE FIT TEST AGENTS WHICH HAVE BEEN USED ARE ISOAMYL ACE TATE, SACCHARIN, AND IRRITANT SMOKE; EXCESSIVE LEAKAGE HAS BEEN DETECTED BY ODOR, TASTE OR IRRITATION. CHIEF DRAWBACKS OF THESE METHODS PRIOR TO RECENT DEVELOPMENT WERE THE TEST ATMOSPHERE WAS UNCONTROLLED AND SENSITIVITY WAS UNVALIDATED. . (SLIDE 7) TO BETTER QUANTIFY THE ISUAMYL ACETATE TEST, THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD BE REPRODUCIBLE (APPROXIMATELY 150 PPM) ANO AN ODOR SENSITIVITY CHECK--VERIFICATION THAT THE SUBJECT CAN SMELL/DETECT 1 PPM OR LESS OF ISOAMYL ACETATE. (SLIDE 8) THERE FORE, THE TEST PERFORMANCE WOULD PROVIDE A PROTECTION FACTOR OF 150. (SLIDE 9) THE ISUAMYL ACETATE SENSITIVITY TEST IS DONE BY MIXING ISOAMYL ACETATE AND ODORLESS WATER IN CANNING JARS. [1.0 ML OF ISOAMYL ACETATE INTO 800 ML OF ODORLESS WATER, AND THEN MIXING 0.5 ML OF THIS STOCK SOLUTION INTO 500 ML OF WATER.] (SLIDE 10) THE SUBJECT REMOVES THE TOP AND SNIFFS THE HEAD SPACE TO DETERMINE WHETHER HE CAN SMELL 1 PPM OF ISOAMYL ACETATE. TO HAKE THE TEST BLIND, A SIMILARLY LABELLED JAR OF ODORLESS WATER IS PREPARED AND THE TEST SUBJECT MUST CORRECTLY IDEN TIFY THE JAR CONTAINING ISUAMYL ACETATE.(SLIDE 11) DATA ON THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE ODOR SENSITIVITY SOLUTION PREPARATION ARE SHOWN HERE. THESE DATA WERE PROVIDED BY MEASURING THE CONCENTRATIONS FROM REPLICATE SENSITIVITY SOLUTIONS BY GAS CHROMATO GRAPHY. AS YOU CAN SEE, THE PROCEDURE GIVES AN APPROXIMATE 1 PPM CONCENTRATION WITH ADEQUATE REPRODUCIBILITY. (SLIDE 12) WE CONDUCTED TESTS ON THE EFFECT OF WATER TEM PERATURE ON ODOR TEST CONCENTRATIONS AND FOUND NO SIGNIFICANT VARIATION OVER A WIDE RANGE OF WATER TEMPERATURES. LTF/bdr 2/6/84 (15.31) 2- DUP 0501965 DU 001626 RECALL AS I MENTIONED EARLIER, THE SELECTION FOR COMFORT PROCEDURE ALUMS ThE NEARER TO SELECT A PREFERRED, COMFORTABLE RESPIRATOR FROM AN ASSORTMENT OF TYPES AND SIZES. THIS STEP IS VERY IMPORTANT TO ENSURE THAT A RESPIRATOR WHICH IS COMFOkTABLE THEREFORE, WILL BE WORN PROPERLY, IS ASSIGNED FOR FIT TESTING. (SLIDE 13) DIMENSIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR ASSEMBLING A STANDARD FIT TEST CHAMBER IS A 24" DIAMETER PLYWOOD DISK, A POLYETHYLENE BAG (CLEAR GARBAGE BAG FOR A 55-GALLON DRUM), 24" X 60" WITH A BOLT THROUGH THE MIDDLE FOR HANGING THE UNIT FROM ThE CEILING AND HOLDING THE ISOAMYL ACETATE PAPER STRIP PROVIDED TO ENSURE A UNIFORM AND REPRODUCIBLE TEST ATMOSPHERE, AMD ADEQUATE ROOM FOR FIT TEST EXERCISES. (SLIDE 14) A CONTROLLED TEST ATMOSPHERE IS PRODUCED IN THE FIT TEST CHAMBER BY PLACING 0.5 ML OF ISOAMYL ACETATE ONTO A 4 X 5 INCH PAPER TOWEL (SLIDE 15), SUSPENDING IT FROM A HOOK IN THE FIT TEST CHAMBER, AND WAITING 2 MINUTES FOR A CONSTANT TEST ATMOSPHERE TO BE PRODUCED. (SLIDE 16) DATA ON THE REPROUUCIBILITY OF THE TEST ATMOSPHERE "GENERATION PROCEDURE ARE SHOWN HERE. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WAS USED TO MEASURE TEST ATMOSPHERE CONCENTRATIONS FOR ADEQUATE REPRODUCIBILITY. (SLIDE 17) WE ALSO DID STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ROOM TEMPERATURE ON CHAMBER CONCENTRATION OF ISOAMYL ACETATE, AND FOUND NO SIGNIFICANT VARIATION. (SLIDE 18) STANDARD TEST EXERCISES ARE DONE TO EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL FOR LEAKS DURING VARIOUS HEAD, NECK AND MOUTH MOVEMENTS. WE FOUND IN OTHER STUDIES THAT THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN QUANTITATIVE FIT FACTUKS FUR THE DIFFERENT TEST EXERCISES AND, THEREFORE, THAT THE RANGE OF EXERCISES ARE NEEDED. (SLIDE 19) FOR THE OVERALL'FIT TEST PROCEDURE THE TEST SUBJECT: 1. VIEWS THE ORIENTATION PROGRAM, 2. TAKES THE SENSITIVITY TEST, 3. SELECTS A RESPIRATOR FOR COMFORT, AND 4. TAKES ThE FIT TEST. LTF/bar 2/6/84 (15.31) -3DUP 0501966 DU 001627 0 IF HE PASSES, HE IS ASSIGNED THAT SIZE aND TYPE OF RESPIRATOR. 0 IF HE FAILS, HE REPEATS THE SENSITIVITY TEST AND THE REST OF THE PROCEDURE UNTIL HE IS ASSIGNED A RESPIRATOR. (SLIDE 20) TO QUANTITATIVELY EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ISQAHYL ACETATE PROCEDURE WE INCLUDED A STUDY IN WHICh A QUANTITATIVE FIT TEST WAS DUNE FOR A NUMBER OF TEST SU8JECTS AFTER THEY HAD BEEN ASSIGNED A RESPIRATOR. THE RESPIRATOR WAS NUT REMOVED OR DISTURBED BETWEEN THE ISOAMYL ACETATE FIT TEST AND THE QUANTITATIVE FIT TEST. COMBINATION ORGANIC VAPOR/HIGH EFFICIENCY PAR TICULATE FILTERS WERE USED. A DYNAT-ECH-FRONTIER FE250A SYSTEM AS USED FOR ALL QUANTITATIVE FIT TESTS FOR THIS STUDY, AND FOR THE WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTOR STUDY WHICH I WILL DISCUSS LATER. (SLIDE 21) WE FOUND THAT ONLY 3 OF 187 SUB JECTS WHO PASSED THE ISOAMYL ACETATE FIT TEST FACTORS BELOW ISO, THE THREE WERE A 96, A 105, ANU A 146. (SLIDE 22) THIS EQUATES TO 988 OF THE TEST SUBJECTS WITH FIT FACTORS ABOVE 150. (SLIDE 23) USING NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS WE FOUND THAT 968 OF THE TEST SUBJECTS WILL HAVE FIT FACTORS ABOVE 150 AT THE 958 CONFI DENCE LEVEL. HON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICS MEANS THAT THE DATA DOES NUT FIT ANY OF THE USUAL DISTRIBUTIONS--GAUSSIAN, LOG-NORMAL, POISSON. EACH DATA POINT IS COUNTED AS AN INDIVIDUAL VALUE. ' WE HAVE ALSU DUNE TWO SUPPLEMENTAL TESTS TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FIT TEST FOR SUBJECTS WHO HAVE RELATIVELY POOR QUANTITATIVE FIT FACTORS. (SLIDE 24) OF 67 BEARDED SUBJECTS, 61 OF WHOM HAD FIT FACTORS BELOW 100, NONE PASSED THE ISOAMYL ACETATE FIT TEST. TEST WERE DONE FOR HALF-MASK AND FULLFACE RESPIRATORS. (SLIDE 25) OF 66 OTHER SUBJECTS, 29 OF WHOM HAD HALF-MASK FIT FACTORS BELOW 100, ONLY 15 PASSED THE ISOAMYL ACETATE FIT TEST. FOR THE 15 SUBJECTS PASSING, THE LOWEST FIT FACTOR WAS 692. IN OUR EVALAUTION OF THE ISOAMYL ACETATE FIT TEST WE USED QUANTITATIVE FIT FACTORS AS THE YARDSTICK FUR LTF/bdr 2/6/84 (15.31) -4DUP 0501967 DU 001628 ti.i '-iMlm:KJfiMMlI V, JSffifflgl jIMJLi COMPARISON, JUST AS THEY HAVE BEEN USEU TO DETERMINE ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACT ORS FOR CLASSES OF RESPIRATORS. HOWEVER, THERE WAS AN OBVIOUS NEED TO ALSO EVALUATE THE ISOAMYL ACETATE FIT TEST AGAINST REAL-WORLD WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTORS, SINCE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE FIT FACTORS AND WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE OF RESPIRATORS WAS NOT KNOWN. (SLIDE 26) NOW THAT THE ISOAHYL ACETATE FIT TEST HAS BEEN VALIDATED, I WILL TO DISCUSS THE WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE OF RESPIRATORS. (SLIDE 27) I WILL BE USING TERMINOLOGY RECOMMENDED BY NIOSH WHERE: 0 FIT FACTOR (FF) IS THE -RESPIRATOR TO FACE SEAL MEASURED BY A FIT TEST. 0 ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTOR (APF) IS THE FACTOR ASSIGNED TO TYPE OR CLASS OF RESPIRATORS WHICH REPRESENTS PROTECTION PROVIDED TO MOST PEOPLE. 0 WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTOR (WPF) IS THE MEASURED PROTECTION ACTU ALLY PROVIDED WHEN A PROPERLY FUNCTIONING RESPIRATOR CORRECTLY WORN IN THE WORKPLACE. 0 EFFECTIVE PROTECTION FACTOR (EPF) IS THE OVERALL PROTECTION THAT IS PROVIDED OVER THE WHOLE WORK SHIFT WHEN A PROPERLY FUNCTIONING RESPIRATOR IS CORRECTLY WORN FOR ONLY PART OF THE WORK SHIFT. IT INCLUDES THE PERCENTAGE OF TIME THAT THE RESPIRATOR IS NOT WORN. PROGRAM PROTECTION FACTOR IS THE PROTECTION PROVIDED AS RESPIRATORS ARE ACTUALLY UORN IN THE WORKPLACE. IT IS A FUNCTION OF THE TOTAL RESPIRATOR PROGRAM INCLUDING FACTORS SUCH AS MOTIVATION, MAINTENANCE, STORAGE SUPEVISIUN AND EMPLOYEE WORK HABITS. (SLIDE 28) THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTOR DISTRIBUTION FOR SUBJECTS WHO HAVE PASSED THE LTF/bdr 2/6/84 (15.31) -5DUP 0501963 DU 001629 -ISOAMYL ACETATE FIT TEST. A SECONDARY OBJECTIVE WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER WORK PLACE PROTECTION FACTORS CAN BE QUANTITATIVELY PREDICTED BY'QUANTITATIVE FIT FACTORS. (SLIDE 29) KEY ELEMENTS FUR WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTOR STUDIES, WHICH WERE INTERGRATED INTO OUR STUDY, ARE: 0 RECORDING AGE, RACE, SEX AND FACIAL SIZE DATA FOR FUTURE REFERENCE AND 0 TRAINING AND FIT TESTING TO ENSURE AN ADEQUATELY FITTING RESPIRATOR AND GOOD KNOWLEDGE OF PROPER RESPIRATOR USE. FOR TRAINING AND FIT TESTING WE USED THE NATIONAL PAINT AND COATINGS ASSOCIATIONS "A GUIDE TO RESPIRATOR FIT TESTING" WHICH WAS DEVELOPED FROM OUR ISOAMYL ACETATE FIT TEST DESCRIBED PREVIOUSLY. OTHER KEY ELEMENTS WERE: 0 CLOSE OBSERVATION AND NOTES ON ANY ACTIONS WHICH MIGHT EFFECT RESPIRATOR FIT AND 0 FILED TECHNIQUES TO AVOID SAMPLE CONTAMINATION. 1 WILL PRESENT DATA ON ACTUAL TESTING IN AN AREA WHERE RESPIRATOR PRO TECTION AGAINST A LEAD CONTAINING DUST WAS REQUIRED. ELEVEN MALES PARTICIPATED IN THIS STUDY USING A SURVIVAIR* 2000 RESPIRATOR EQUIPPED WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE FILTERS. THIS IS NOT AN ENDORSEMENT FOR SURVIVAIK* BUT REPRESENTS TEST INFORMATION. IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT THE USE OF ORGANIC VAPOR CARTRIDGES IN THE ISOAMYL ACETATE TEST AND HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULaTE FILTERS IN'THE WORKPLACE DO NOT BIAS THE STUOV SINCE THE SAME FACEPIECE IS USED. OUR SAMPLES WERE TAKEN AT 2 LITERS PER MINUTE ONTO 0.8 UM POLYCARBON ATE FILTERS MOUNTED IN 25 MM CASSETTES. AN ULTRASENSITIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD WAS USED TO ANALYZE THE SAMPLES, PROTON JNDUCED X-RAY EMISSION ANALYSIS. THE METHOD'S LIMIT OF RELIABLE DETECTION WAS 2 NG OF LEAD/SAMPLE. (SLIDE 30) PRE CISION WAS VERY GOOD, WITH A 32 COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION AT 70 NG/M3 WHICH WAS LTF/bdr 2/6/84 (15.31) ^UP 0501969 DU 001630 VERY GOOD, WITH A 32 COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION AT 70 NG/H3 WHICH WAS THE GEOME TRIC MEAN LEAD CONCENTRATION INSIDE OF THE RESPIRATORS , AND A 22 COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION AT 225,000 NG/M3 WHICH WAS THE GEOMETRIC MEaN LEAD CONCENTRATION OUTSIDE OF THE RESPIRATORS. (SLIDE 31) THE WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTOR WAS CALCULATED AS THE RATIO OF THE CORRECTED MASS OF LEAD ON THE OUTSIDE FILTER DIVIDED BY THE AIR SAMPLE VOLUME, AND THE CORRECTED MASS OF LEAD ON INSIDE FILTER DIVIDED BY THE INSIDE AIR SAMPLE VOLUME. (SLIDE 32) FOR 37 WORKPLACE' PROTECTION FACTORS, WE FOUND A GEOMETRIC MEAN OF 3,400, A GEOMETRIC STANDARD DEVIATION OF 3.8 AND A RANGE OF 94 TO GREATER THAN 27,000. (SLIDE 33) SHOWS THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION PLOT OF THE DATA. (SLIDE 34) FOR 42 WORKPLACE PRUTECTION FACTORS, WHICH INCLUDES S FOR WHICH THE FACEPIECE WAS DISTRIBUTED TO TALK, WE FOUND A GEOMETRIC MEAN OF 2,400 A GEOMETRIC STANDARD DEVISIUN OF 5.1 AND A RANGE OF 40 TO GREATER THAN 27,000. (SLIDE 35) SHOWS THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION PLOT OF THE DATA. WE FOUND THE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTORS TO BE APPROXIMATELY LOG-NORMAL. (SLIDE 36) THE BEST ESTIMATE OF THE FIFTH PERCENTILE WAS 390 FOR THE 37 WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTORS AND 160 WHEN INCLUDING THE DIS TURBED FACEPIECE DATA. THESE PARAMETERS REPRESENT THE PROTECTION FACTORS THAT 952 OF THE TEST SUBJECTS ARE EXPECTED TO ATTAIN OK EXCEED. (SLIDE 37) TO ESTIMATE THE PROGRAM PROTECTION FACTORS TAHT RESPIRATOR WEARERS AT THIS SITE ATTAINED OVER THE PREVIOUS YEAR, WE DID A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BLOOD LEAD AND AIR LEAD VALUES FOR SEVEN DISCRETE JOB CLASSIFICA TIONS AND A CONTROL GROUP WHO DID NOT WEAR RESPIRATORS. (SLIDE 38) WE FOUND THAT, BASED ON ONE WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE, THAT THE BLOOD LEAD VALUES FOR JOB ASSIGNMENTS A THROUGH F, FOR WHICH RESPIRATORS WERE WORN, DID NOT DIFFER LTF/bdr 2/6/84 (15.31) 7 DUP 0501970 DU 001631 rRO!: THE CONTROL GROUPS. THEREFORE. THE PROGRAM PROTECTION FACTORS CAN BE ES TIMATED AS THE RATIO OF THE AIRBORNE EXPOSURES OF JOB ASSIGNMENT F AND THE CONTROL GROUP (SLIDE 39) THAT IS 236 UG/M3-^6.6 UG/M3 OR 36. (SLIDE 40) ANOTHER PART OF THE STOuY UAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER A QUAN TITATIVE RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN THE WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTOR AND THE QUANTITATIVE FIT FACTUR. PAIRED T TESTS ON WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTURS AND QUANTITATIVE FIT FACTORS FOUND SHOWED THEM TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT. RE GRESSION ANALYSIS OF WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTORS AND QUANTITATIVE FIT TESTS LONE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE STUDY AND QUANTITATIVE FIT TESTS DONE IMMEDIATELY BEFORE AND AFTER WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTORS SHUWEU NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION EXISTS AT A 52 PROBABILITY LEYEL. THE CONCLUSIONS OF THIS STUDY (SLIDE 41) WERE: 1. WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTORS EXCEEDED 10 AND WILL LIKELY EXCEED 100 FOR PERSUNS WHO WERE FITTED WITH A RESPIRATOR USING THE ISOAMYL ACETATE PROCEDURE, 2. PROGRAM PROTECTION FACTURS ALSU EXCEEDED 10, 3. THE WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTOR DISTRIBUTIONS WERE FOUND TO BE APPROXIMATELY LUG NORMAL, AND 4. QUANTITATIVE FIT FACTORS DO NOT QUANTITATIVELY PREDICT WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTORS. THANK YOU FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT THESE STUDIES ON QUANTITA TIVE FIT TESTING OF RESPIRATORS. AGAIN I WISH TO MENTION THOSE ACTUALLY CON DUCTING THE STUDIES--S. DIXON, T. NELSON, AND 0. SKRETVEDT AND MANY OTHERS. I WILL BE GLAD TO TRY TO ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS IN THE REMAINING TIME. LTF/bdr 2/6/84 (15.31) -8DUP 0501971 DU 001632 Tor^Lt^gofie. xm, frC, W'&tS iCET Ffcfltf1. LX tflS&ltiUto <u.\ 'T?^0Taty?(UTeti? ^ pftTi!r&Mdd m 4H8 5-4-81 DUP 0501971.002 t?1rilFrr ^,jL***' <&*- fa* /WGiu^-^4^ oJbt- QxJL 'AjY^k^t P- UfSUtyJl 1 uJhS^& /<^j, iiuJti i. w. s_ v-XaI i a^stjL^ \ DU 001633 l* * * AA 9 ^.03 W* Q4\^JMjJ*4t M M** AS'Uitulk^r fw ,,v tf'Y & ^^jxptyA^" ______ ____ ___ _ jtiUv- Q&LaWjw4TwZvUuA^Qjj^^ j^L f^Ar^X d. jtt& jZtJxU^ ijsXvt^r yiv &Jl4>**ld3L . .D Wtk m4^ lA^JlMk^f cuil -fW gKo COOvH Cjdj^uJh^JL^ f Mi nus 0501971.003 DU 001634 Et32Ei DU 001635 BEAUMONT INTERMEDIATES OPERATIONS BEAUMONT WORKS cc: L. A. Putzier - #1 February 22, 1978 TO: / R. T.. McCLURE - #42 D. eT SPEIER - #20 G. M. RICHARDSON - #80 FROM: R. H, HAAR - #1 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM Attached for your information is a copy of the PD Respirator Program. This documentation includes the general requirements for all types of respirators and the specifics concerning the ACRN air-line respirator. RHH/me Attachment DUP 0501973 DU 001636 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM 7^o. Program Description The Beaumont Works, Petrochemicals Department (PD), Respirator Program has been developed to: (1) Protect employees from airborne contaminants through the use of respirators where engineering controls are not feasible or during non-routine activities or under emergency conditions. (2) Comply with the Federal regulations pertaining to respirators, Title 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2-1969. Beaumont Works site respirator procedures are listed in Sections G-5 and G-7 of Safety How and in the Beaumont Works Respiratory Protection Program. This document describes the essential elements of the Beaumont PD Respirator Program which includes program administration and surveillance, respirator selection, use, training, fit testing, inspection, cleaning and maintenance, and storage; medical surveillance and specific Standard Operating Procedures for each type of respirator used. 2/17/78 DUP 0501974 001637 .aMBKE,:-. i: aiiii'llii iubi ^aaiB BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM 2 Program Administration The PD Environmental Control Coordinator has departmental responsibility for the Respirator Program. The Safety Supervisor is responsible for all site respirator programs. The Safety Division is responsible for providing "approved" breathing air, centralized cleaning and maintenance facilities, and permanent fit testing facilities. Surveillance of Work Area Surveillance of work area is primarily a line responsibility as are other safety tasks. There shall be a continuing surveillance of the work area which will include personnel monitoring and area measurements to determine the exposure level and also an annual audit of the entire Respirator Program. 2/17/78 DUP 0501975 DU 001638 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM 3 Selection of Respirators An evaluation of the area work requirements and working conditions shall be made initially and on an ongoing basis by area supervision. The evaluation must consider the following factors: Nature of the hazard. (chemical and physical properties, toxicity and concentration of hazardous material) Extent or severity of the hazard. t Type of hazard. (gaseous vapor or particulate or combination of both) t Concentration of hazardous material in air. Length of time protection is required. U3e required in oxygen deficient atmosphere. Use required in atmosphere immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH). Work time. (Length of time worker would be required to wear respirator protection) Worker activity. Vision and communications. Temperature. (extremes in temperature may cause undue stress or facepiece fogging) Eye Protection. Physical features and capability of the wearer. Operating characteristics and limitations of available respirators. Interference with other protective equipment, i.e. hard hat, goggles, etc. Respirators approved by the Bureau of Mines and/or National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health per Title 30 CFR Part 11 shall be used if available. Selection will be made among the "approved" respirators by Technical and Operations personnel with consent from other affected site groups and the Safety Division. 2/17/78 DUP 0501976 DU 001639 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM 4 Use of Respirators Respirators shall be used whenever the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of a hazardous compound is exceeded or whenever Supervision determines it to be necessary. Use of respiratory protection is normally considered a "temporary" measure until engineering changes or work practices can be instituted to re duce the airborne concentration of a hazardous material to less than the PEL. Respiratory protection can be classified as a "permanent" measure for non-routine jobs and under emegency conditions for jobs where exposure control solely by engineering changes and work practices is not feasible. Individual respirators will be assigned as required. The date of issuance is recorded on Form G-7-A. Spare respirators will be available for those who have occasional use for them. Individuals must be properly trained in the use, care and maintenance of respirators. The facepiece fit shall be checked by the wearer each time he wears the respirator. The manufacturer's facepiece fitting instructions for a "field fit test" should be used. Each area shall provide written procedures covering the safe use of respirators in normal operations and in emergency situations. Respirators shall be inspected before and after each use. (See Inspection Procedure, page 7). 2/17/78 DUP 0501977 DU 001640 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM 5 Respirator Training Respirator training shall include the following: Instructions in the nature of the hazard being- protected against; whether chronic or acute, or both; irritant, toxic or carcinogen; etc. Permissible exposure limits (PEL). Discussion of programs completed, in progress, and/or planned to reduce exposure levels. Discussion of why this is the proper type of respirator for the particular purpose. Discussion of respirator parts and its capabilities and limitations. Instructions and training on use of respirator, including use under emergency situations. Discussion of various other aspects of respirator program: - inspection - cleaning and maintenance - storage - fit te?t Fit test procedure will include opportunity for wearer to handle respirator, wear it in normal air and wear it in a test atmosphere. Respirator training sessions will be presented initially and reviewed annually. Training records are kept on form G-7-A. Respirator training programs recorded on video tape to date are: ACRN Respirator Program (Air-line Respirator) 11/77 2/17/78 DUP 0501978 DU 001641 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM 6 Fit Test A test of the face-to-facepiece seal is required for all respirators to insure they provide adequate protection. Technical personnel are responsible for installing and equipping "temporary" fit testing facilities (complete 11/77) and "permanent" facilities. Qualified Operations and Technical personnel will fit test their respective individuals. Record of fit testing is kept on fotm G-7-A. Qualitative and/or Quantitative fit testing will be performed as necessary. Qualitative testing involves the wearer detecting leakage via his senses - by using a chemical smoke spray (cough) or iso-amyl acetate (sweet smell). Written Standard Operating Procedures for both of these fit tests are attached. Quantitative fit testing involves measuring the atmosphere within the wearer's mask and comparing it to the known test atmosphere. Such facilities are being installed by the site in their respirator room. Conditions which are known to prevent a good face seal are excess facial hair, i.e. beard, moustache and/or sideburns, temple pieces of eyeglasses and the absence of one or both dentures. Per DuPont Safety Engineering Standard S2H and the Beaumont Works Respiratory Protection Program, "persons required to wear the respirators for protection against other than nuisance atmospheric contamination must be clean shaven in the area of the respirator unless a positive pressure respirator is used." The new ACRN air-line respirators are an example of a positive pressure respirator. Special glasses, ones without temple pieces, will be supplied to those wearers of full facepiece respirators that require prescription eyeglasses. 2/17/78 DUP 0501979 DU 001642 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM 7 Respirator Inspection All respirators shall be inspected before and after each use. The routine inspection shall include the various part of the respirator (as noted in the Inspection SOP's) with special attention to the exhalation and inhalation valves and the condition of the facepiece sealing surface. If any de-fects are found, the respirator should be returned to the site respirator room for repairs and a replacement respirator will be issued. Respirators not routinely used but kept for emergency use shall be inspected before and after each use and at least monthly to assure that they are in satis factory working condition. Self contained breathing apparatuses shall be inspected monthly, including a check of the regulator and warning devices. A thorough inspection of all respirators will be made each time the respirator is disassembled for cleaning and maintenance. A record shall be maintained for inspections of emergency use respirators. Frequent random inspections shall be made by qualified persons to assure that respirators are properly selected, used, cleaned and maintained. 2/17/78 DUP 0501980 DU 001643 8 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM Cleaning and Maintenance Respirators may be cleaned as often as needed with the spray disinfectant found at Stores. Personnel assigned individual respirators should turn them in for a thorough cleaning and maintenance after one week's use. A more definite schedule will be established for each type of respirator depending on its actual use. Spare respirators must be turned in for cleaning and maintenance after each individual's use. The site is providing centralized facilities where the respirators will be disassembled, inspected and repaired if necessary, cleaned, disinfected and reassembled. Recommended cleaning procedure is listed in ANSI Standard Z88.2-1969. 2/17/78 DUP 0501981 DU 001644 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM 9 Respirator Storage Respirators should be stored in a plastic bag and at a location where they are protected from dust, sunlight, extremes in temperature, excessive moisture or damaging chemicals. Respirators should be stored go that the facepiece and exhalation valve will rest in a normal position. The object here is not to deform the respirator or impair its function by careless storage. Respirators should not be stored in contaminated areas during break periods. Storage areas will be provided for storage of personal respirators. Storage of spare respirators must also comply with the requirements as listed above. 2/17/78 DUP 0501982 DU 001645 BEAUMONT PD RESPIRATOR PROGRAM 10 Medical Surveillance Medical approval will be requested for each individual and each respirator type which must be used. The plant physician shall determine what health and physical conditions are pertinent. The respirator user's medical status shall be reviewed annually in con junction with the routine physical. 2/17/78 DUP 0501983 DU 001646 APPENDIX A STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES AIR-LINE RESPIRATOR 2/17/78 DUP 0501 984 DU 001647 --- .---- MIMM. ^hasisn. . ;r; m .. i .i. UK DOCUMENTATION OF SELECTION ACRN AREA AIR-LINE RESPIRATOR_____ 12 The positive pressure-demand, air-line respirator, Scott #801548, has beer, selected for employee protection from hazardous concentrations of acrylonitrile (ACRN) in the atmosphere. The factors are listed in the "Selection of Respirators" section of this document were considered during the selection of this respirator. The positive pressure-demand, air-line respirator was considered to be the optimum choice. These air-line respirators provide adequate protection in ACRN atmospheres up to 2,000 times the PEL. With the SKA PAK, the air-line respirators are permitted in atmospheres up to 10,000 times the PEL. The air-line respirators are not to be used for emergency re-entry into a known hazardous atmosphere such as for fire fighting. A self-contained breathing apparatus (Scott Air Pak) must be used for emergency re-entry. 2/17/78 DUP 0501985 DU 001648 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE - I/AL BEAUMONT PD ACRN AREA AIR-LINE RESPIRATOR ROUTINE INSPECTION 13 The positive pressure-demand, air-line respirator is being used for protection against hazardous concentrations of ACRN in the atmospheres. The following is a list of the parts of the respirator to be inspected and what to look for: facepiece -- - condition of sealing surface plastic lens - scratched, loose five adjustable headbands - any missing - pliable, any sign of deterioration - defective clips regulator (base of mask) - screwed on finger tight - can only be operated in pressure-demand mode exhalation valve (base of mask) - tight connection - maintains slight positive pressure in mask inhalation valve (above regulator) - distributes air on lens to reduce fogging glass clips - attach if needed hoses - 6" red "tee"_section (SKA PAK) - 6' red "lead" hose - proper connections - deterioration of rubber If any defects are found, turn in the respirator at the designated location and you will receive a replacement. 2/17/78 DUP 0501986 DU 001649 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE - U/AL 14 BEAUMONT PD ACRN AREA USE OF AIR-LINE RESPIRATOR Normal Operations 1. Instructions in the use of respirators in general are discussed in the Beaumont PD Respirator Program. Other essential elements of a compliance program are also listed-in this reference. ~ 2. Air-line respirators are to be used: a) Whenever the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of ACRN and/or other hazardous compound is exceeded or b) wheneverSupervision determines it to be necessary. 3. Air-line respirators are to be used with the 3 minute SKA PAR. _ a) Whenever there is a possibility that the atmosphere might be immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) and there con sequently would be a need for an emergency exit from the area or b) whenever Supervision determines it to be necessary. 4. Only approved and tested breathing air cylinders are to be used. Do not use instrument air or oxygen. 5. Respirator parts are to be inspected before and after each use. See SOP I/AL for list of parts to inspect. 6. Air-line respirators being used are positive pressure-demand type. A slight positive pressure inside the mask is maintained at all times. Air is supplied to the wearer according to his breathing rate since it is a demand respirator. 7. The following steps are to be taken when using an air-line respirator: a) Inspect respirator parts per SOP I/AL. b) Connect hose to breathing air supply (always keep 6" "tee" section in line in case SKa PAK is required). c) Put on respirator and tighten head straps (should be tight but not uncomfortable). d) Check fit by temporarily cutting off air supply (by bending hose). e) . Connect SKA PAK as required. Emergency Situations 1. Air-line respirators are not to be used for emergency re-entry into a hazardous area. Only self-contained breathing apparatus (Scott Air Pak) is to be used for this purpose. 2. As noted above, SKA PAK is to be worn with air-line respirator whenever there might be a need for an emergency exit from an area. DUP 0501987 2/17/78 ' DU 001650 STANDARD OPERATINC PROCEDURE - FT/AL BEAUMONT WORKS - ACRN AIR-LINE RESPIRATOR FIT TEST PROCEDURE ________IRRITANT SMOKE AROUND SEAL 15 General Note: The smoke used in this method of determining respirator leakage is a minor irritant to the eyes so precautions should be taken during the test procedure to minimize eye contact with the smoke. 1. The test should be performed in an area where there is a means of removing the#smoke, i.e., a chemical fume hood or exhaust fan. 2. Eye glasses are not to be worn during the test. 3. The respirator will be tested in positive pressure-demand mode. 4. The test subject will don the full facepiece respirator in a normal fashion, taking care not to tighten the head straps uncomfortably tight. 5. A visual inspection of the facepiece-to-face seal will be made by the tester. 6. An obvious leak in the facepiece-to-face seal shall be reaon to abandon the test and record that mask as unsatisfactory. 7. The test subject should wear the respirator for a minute or two and perform normal head movements before proceeding. Further adjustments to the head bands should be made at this time if needed. 8. The tester will instruct the test subject to close his eyes until he is cold to open them. The test subject should also breathe shallowly during the initial test. 9. The tester will lightly spray the smoke from a smoke tube-over the respirator from a distance of about 2 feet. 10. If the test subject detects no leakage then the tester will increase the smoke density and move the smoke tube closer to the sealing surfaces of the respirato If no leakage is detected then the subject may open his eyes and resume normal breathing. 11. The test subject will finally be tested while performing normal head and face movements (i.e., talking, moving head side to side and up and down). 12. If leakage is detected by the test subject at any time during the test, the respirator should be readjusted and the test resumed. If readjustment of the respirator does not prevent leakage then the test must be abandoned. 13. If there is any doubt about the condition of the respirator, then another like respirator shall be tested to assure the leakage was due to a poor facepiece-to-face seal. 2/17/78 DUP 0501988 DU 001651