Document baedy799YwRZR4pg4QELR0KQD

r* lUIOSWfiQta'.li) s c~ ------ STANDAKPS AND 1 NTKKPItKTATIONS 1. The vjilue of E,,, shall not exceed unity (1). OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Since E,,, is less than unity (1), the exponrecomhinatiot) is within acceptable limits. (ii) To illust ra1i> t he foi'imila prescribed in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph, con sider the following exposures , -J v*. terial l .7*.'"r` v it"1 r,f Actual con-.` 8-hour time centration , weighted of 8-hour .7 average exposure ' exposure/' . ' -.limit/' Acetone (Table G-l) -J 500pip.ml 'Autanone (Table G-l) : 45 p.p.m'. oluene (Table G-2) . 40 p.p.m. y' Substituting in. the formjirta, we have: ,i (e) To achievj/complianee with paragraph (a) through (<l)'of this section, adnyfnistrative'or 'engineering c' .o.n..t..r.o..l.s...m...u. st fir/y-l -b-e--<-le-termined and implemented whenever feasibly When suej/cont nils are not fe^rsihle to su:Khieeve full epihpliance, protective equipmiveennt or any -i.-' ther protective nu<asures sba 11 he used to . keep the exposur^! employees to air contami- . i; nants within the-limits prescribed in this sec- i tion.-Any exfuipmenjt' and/or technical 'measures/ifsed for this purposemust be __ approved/for each particular use by acompe- tent industrial hygibnist or other technically-Ws qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with 1910.134. \) ^ 'T 713* y V. 0 " ! > ', I. , '.diC . . .93a--^-ASBESTOS (a) oeflSimmmfm :.K- r ; `/y< ; -v-*/ , For the purpose of this section. ! * * ^ w * - ... ~c; v -;v','J : v*... v;- ! r-% .`:/; *- " -i>-.'v- (1) "Asbestos" includes chrysotile/amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite. A***.*-'"f (2) Standard effective July 1, 1976. The 8-hour W'.V t c ,. .. time-weighted average airborne concentra- *. /fi i tions of asbestos fibers to which any ... employee may be exposed shall not exceed : two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per '. cubic centimeter of air, as determined by '7- the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of > r this section. ; '- . (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers. (1) Standard effective July 7, 1972. The 8-hour lime-weighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (3) Ceiling concentration. No employee shall be 7;' -. exposed at any time to airborne concentra- c' tions of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic cen timeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section. - (c) Methods of compliance. (1) Engineering methods. (i) Engineering controls. Engineering con trols, such as, but not limited to, isolation, enclosure, exhaust ventilation, and dust 1910.93a(c)(l)(i) 118 ,>-17-f , > . '' 4110841631 f ?C i t ( '/ OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.9 3<c)(l)(i) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS collection, .shall he used to meet the exposure limits proscribed in paragraph <10 of (his section. (ii) Local exhaust ventilation. (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems shall be designed, constructed, installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of , Local' Exhaust Systems, , ANSI ,fv Z9.2-1971, which is incorporated by reference herein. ; I i" ' '' - 'J (b)Soe 1910.0 concerning the availabil-. ity of ANSI Z9.2-1971, and the mainte nance of a historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American ; National Standards Institute is given . in 1910.100. . ; . jr>-: (iii) Particular tools. All hand-operated and ' power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, such as, but not limited 'f*e y systems subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph. (iii) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged in the spraying of 1 asbestos, the removal, or demolition of M pipes, structures, or equipment coveredr or insulated with asbestos, and in the// removal or demolition of asbestos insula ! tion or coverings shall be provided witl respiratory equipment in accordance I with paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of this sectio^ and with special clothing in accordance ; with paragraph (d)(3) of this section. . [j (d) Personal protective equipment. (1) Compliance with the exposure limits i>re-$;; scribed by paragraph (b) of this section may ^- not be achieved by the use of respirators & or shift rotation of employees, except: > (i) During the time period necessary to ' install the engineering controls and to ' institute the work practices required by' paragraph (c) of this section; -r . (ii) In work situations in which the , methods prescribed in paragraph (c) of V this section are either technically not feasible or feasible to an extent insuf ficient to reduce the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers below the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this sec tion; or : (2) Work practices. (iii) In emergencies. . ` (i) Wet methods. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, scored, or otherwise worked in a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section, unless the use fulness of the product would be dimin ished thereby. (ii) Particular products and operation*. No asbestos cement, mortar, coating, grout, plaster, or similar material containing asbestos shall be removed from bags, car tons, or other containers in which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbes tos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (iv) Where both respirators and personnel rotation are allowed by subdivisions (i), (ii), or (iii) of this subparagraph, and both are practicable, personnel rotation shall be preferred and used. | I (2) Where a respirator is permitted by sub- paragraph (1) of this paragraph, it shall be selected from among those approved by the Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, or the National Institute for Occu pational Safety and Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11 (37 F.R. 6244, Mar. 25, 1972), and shall be used in accordance with subdivisions (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this subparagraph. [ (i) Air purifying respirators. A reusable or ! single use air purifying respirator, or a 119 1910.9 3a(d)(2)(i) 411084 1632 r 'IS' * r 10J0.3a(d)(2)(i) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OOC.Ul'ATIONAI. SAFETY AND HEALTH respirator described in subdivision (ii) or (c) No employee shall be assigned to (iii) of this sulipnra^rnph, shall he used to rediire tin* concentrations of airborne tasks rcipiiring the use of respirators if, based upon his most recent examina asbestos fibers in the respirator below the tion, an examining physician deter exposure limits prescribed in paragraph mines that the employee will be unable (It) of this section, when the ceiling or the to function normally wearing a 8-hour time-weighted average airborne respirator, or that the safety or health concentrations of asbestos fibers are of the employee or other employees will reasonably expected to exceed no more be impaired by his use of a respirator. than 10 times those limits. i Such employee shall be rotated to ... .... .. -M'it (ii) Powered air purifying respirators/A full .>/ / another job or given the opportunity to ; v transfer to a different position whose facepiece powered air purifying duties he is able to perform with the respirator, or a powered air purifying same employer, in the same geographi-'(U respirator, or a respirator described in '^t<^ "?cal area and with the same seniority,4 ; subdivision (iii) of this sub^paragraph, status, and rate of pay he had just prior shall be used to reduce the concentrations , . " to such transfer, if such a different posi-' * of airborne asbestos fibers in the /I*':..-, 't tion is available. i- respirator below the exposure limits pre- in -:; . scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, ' (3) Special clothing: The employer shall pro when the ceiling or the. 8-hour time- . vide, and require the use of, special clothing, weighted average concentrations of; \ such as coveralls or similar whole body asbestos fibers are reasonably expected ;* clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, coverings for any employee exposed to air those limits. . . . ; ' borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in (iii) Type "C" supplied-air respirators, continuous ;; paragraph (b) of this section. fil:o_w__o_r_pr-e~srsiu--reI'-demand c_l_a_s_s._A__t_ypej ."'C." conj -r..v' ;( it!:'- asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. ,, (i) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of.., asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure i,.* limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, the employer shall provide'., change rooms for employees working reg ularly at the place. (iv) Establishment of a respirator program. (a) The employer shall establish a respirator program in accordance with the requirements of the American National. Standard Practices ifor iRespiratory Protection, ANSI Z88.2-1969, /Hi which is incorporated by reference herein. !l (b) See & 1910.6 concerning the availabil ity of ANSI Z88.2-1969 and the mainte nance of an historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards Institute is given in 1910.100. \: 1910.93a(d)(4)(iii)(b) 120 (ii) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated ' or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. (iii) Laundering: (a) Laundering of asbestos con taminated clothing shall be done so as to prevent the release of airborne asbes tos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (h) of this sec tion. (b) Any employer who gives asbestos- V. ? i [ 411084 1633 A OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.93a<d)(4)(iii)(b) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS contaminated clothing to another j>eismi fur laundering shall inform such person of (lie requirement in b) of Uiis siiIhIivision Io effect ivelv prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of tin* exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. intervals greater then G months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably he foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (h) of this section. (3) Environmental monitoring. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be (i) Samples shall be collected from areas transported in sealed impermeable of a work environment which are rep-' hags, or other closed, impermeable con- . resentative of the airborne concentra- tainers, and labeled in accordance with ' . tions of asbestos fibers which may reach paragraph (g) of this section. - ; ' ;. the breathing zone of employees. Samples. ` ' ' ' : ` '= i - shall be collected on a membrane filter (e) Method of measurement. 3 . - of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an - . .. = All determinations of airborneconcentra- ' if..-. open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour tions of asbestos fibers shall be made by the time-weighted average airborne concen membrane filter method at 400-450 x (mag trations and of the ceiling concentrations nification) (4 millimeter objective) with ' of asbestos filters. ' ,r phase contrast illumination. ; >-. / (f) Monitoring. 7% ;?;. - (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by sub- paragraph (1) of this paragraph, samples (1) Initial determinations. Within months of the publication of this section, every -employer shall cause every place of employfment .where asbestos fibers are released to shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reason Wasbest^fibersIs^berbw^tlielimitsprescriBed^ ' in paragraph (b) of this section; If the limits^!} i a relfexceeded/'; thej'emp1 by er 'A, s h a 1 ably ,be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section.W'ft^f/X:- * 5 immediately undertake `a compliance, gram in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. ' '' Employee observation of monitoring. Affected employees, or their representatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to (2) Personal monitoring. observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. .- (i) Samples shall be collected from within the breathing zone of the employees, on (g) Caution signs and labels. membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer poros ity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determina (1) Caution signs. tion of the 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. (i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of employees. In no case shall the sampling be done at may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such it distance from such it location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall Ite posted 121 1910.93a(g)(l)(i) '.`I 4110841634 1910.93a(g)( I )(i) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH at all approaches to arras containing excessive nini'cnl rat ions of airborne asbestos l'il>t*rs. ily visible and legible. The label shall stiite: Caption (ii) Sign specifications. The warning: signs required by subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall conform to the require ments of 20" x 14" vertical format signs Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid ('.resiling Dust Breathing Asliestns Dust Msi.v Cause Serious Bodily llsirin specified in 8 1010.145(d)(4), and to this subdivision. The signs shall display the (h) Housekeeping. following legend in the lower panel, with ' letter sizes and styles of a visibility at (1) Cleaning. All externalsurfaees in any least equal to that specified in this sub .. place of employment shall he maintained division. - 4... fv free of accumulations of asbestos fibers if, v with their dispersion, there would be an Legend ' ,: Asbestos._-_l:_________ i_ Notation ' excessive concentration.r > Sans >ci'j ' 1 Serif, ''' . Gothic ". * . , *'.V; \>' ;j ;. or Block. ' ' (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment, and Dust Hazard__ ''_____________ I '.^"Sans- asbestos-contaminated clothing, consigned Serif, for disposal, which may produce in any 'Gothic reasonably foreseeable use, handling, stor- . oJci.rfcAvfoAiid/l BQr*eAaotfkh!itntMg DT\iuesAt v - 'ce Wear Assigned Protective Equip ment Do Not Remain In Area Unless Your Work Requires It, i Breathing Asbestos Dust May Be i or Block. \Vt4 " Gothic. U " Gothic.' Gothic. .14 point ;/ age, processing, disposal, or transportation airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be col /i. lected and disposed of in sealed imperme able bags, or other closed, impermeable con- j Hazardous (2) Caution (i) Labeling. Caution labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products contain ing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a Bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, dis posal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released. shall or environmental monitoring required by this section. Records shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years and shall be made available upon request to the Assistant Sec retary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representatives of either. (2) Employee access. Every employee and former employee shall have reasonable access to any record required to be main tained by subparagraph (1) of (his para graph, which indicates the employee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. (ii) Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be read- (3) Employee notification. Any employee found to have been exposed at a"ny time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of 1910.93a(i)(3) 122 4110841635 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH this section shall ho notified in writing of the exposure as soon as practicable but not later than f> days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the corrective action being taken. (j) Medical examinations. (1) General. The employer shall provide or make available at his cost, medical examinations relative to exposure to asbestos required by this paragraph. (2) Preplacement. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days following his first employment in an occupation exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination, which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FEVi.o). ., . ', ' ~' ' -j*- > - (3) Annual examinations. On or before January 31, 1973, and at least annually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make avail able, comprehensive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged in occupa tions exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FEVi.o). (4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make available, within 30 1910.93a(i)(3) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS calendar days before or after the termina tion of employment of any employee engaged in an occupation exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FEVi.o). (5) Recent examinations. No medical examina tion is required of any employee, if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in accordance with this para graph within the past 1-year period. (6) Medical records. (i) Maintenance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examinations. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years. (ii) Access. The contents of the records of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be made available, for inspection and copying, to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety and Health, the Director of NIOSH, to authorized physicians and medical consultants of either of them, and, upon the request of an employee or former employee, to his physician. Any physician who conducts a medical exami nation required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the information specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical information related to occupa tional exposure to asbestos fibers. Change I 123 I910.93a(jX6Xii) 411084 1636