Document baM7jLjLyxqj3LM5dmR1rkopk

: /#t; tKO-W- I ' V' ' S ' 0M ' ' V" ' : V vffm -.O' ,-v VOLUME TWENTY-FOUR ; .... 1960 NUMBER THREE lable serste Coringth InteP'* Urinals er and Safe ical Labor*' 'til and *el{' ^ges of ' har g e. b l e ms . k l l o g g CO-' Once inside the lead-shielded cab of this Army-developed bulldozer, its operator will be able to operate the machine in fallout areas with safety, lead glass windows and filtered air intake complete his protection, (see page 5) ' u tv Mmm a mu i&xtiuu - : A& ' n 1098 TERNE: An Architectural Rediscorery . . I have furthermore found terne super# color-adherence, heat-reflection, permanent-formal ILireli dues a two-century-old buildi11li material rate editorial coverage in neu.-papers and technical journals, "let today, terne roofing -- substantiallv unchanged from its invention in 172H -- is the focus of just such at tend" m. "Substantially' unchanged'' but now produced in 50-ft. seamless rolls, the material is gaining new adherents rapidly. In this new form it is easilv and econoinicallv applied -- typical in-lalled (lists range from 50 to 75 cents per sip ft. Of unquestioned dur ability. terne is one of the lightest and strongest roofing materials kiiniiii. It is thoroughly waterproof and hailproof and survives wind storms unscathed, even when neigh boring roofs of other materials are curled and torn off. Not the least important of its attri butes is terne's ability to accept and hold ordinary exterior paints. In com bination with the variety of seam pat terns of the roof, this unlimited color potential can lead to striking effects. In Frank Lloyd Wright's words. "Be cause of its inherent adaptability in both form and color, terne permits the \ isible roof area to become a sig nificant part of the structural design." \\ right used terne fairly frequently --some of the outstanding examples have been the Dobkins residence. North Canton. Ohio, the Fasbender Clinic. Hastings. Minn., a wedilllOO ft. chapel at the Claremont Hotel fcre Th Berkelev, Calif. Still more recent!} metallic prefabricated design by Frank LI ifum l Wright, incorporating a terne r pansion was erected on Staten Island. 0.0% 1 Terne roofing is the lightest dural figure f metal roofing now in use. The ! De-p common grades of terne. for exam tfie -tro weigh 62 and 76 lbs. per sq. ft, In addi laid. Fieri wood shingles neigh m j| dues l 200 lbs. per 100 sq. ft. I than ll Terne and the common built-up gravel r,, f .(.5.0 neigh about 600 lbs. often Since thermal expansion is alu i raluabl a factor in roofing design, terne I:.cases n another advantage in showing t bur- 1 O.o25 inches of linear expansion : ; Roof garage extension with sheet lead Like manv another garage this one had been built well enough to outlast the automobiles it was designed for. W heelbase lengths stretched and the original back wall of the garage was knocked out to make room. When, vears later, the length of cars had grown so that even this space wasn't enough, the doors were torn out and an extension was added to the front of the garage. Unlike the concealed shed at the rear, the garage front extension is visible from the street and had to be finished so as not to mar the attractive suburban site. In order to achieve the right effect--and to gain permanence with a minimum of time, labor and ex pense--the extension was built with a curved, sloping roof frame and sheath ing and covered with 216 lb. hard lead sheet. Since the lead was fitted up under existing cedar shingles above the new roof, no separate flashing was needed to prevent seepage into the existing front wall. The sheet lead was precut from paper templates, laid right in place and given a final trimming. Then, after a few shingles were re moved to fasten copper cleats in place, the lead was worked up under the shingles, crimped over its cleats and dressed down. Seams at the two hips were formed by bending both edges up and loosely folding them over. Then a preformed cap of the same material was slipped over the edges and dressed down to make a capped loose locked seam. Edges were turned down to cover wood framing and form drips so that no moisture could penetrate below sheet lead covering and two small flashings at the top of the seams were installed to complete the job. No painting was necessary, either for protection or to make the new roof blend into the scheme. In color and line it matched a small lead roofed cupola previously added to the garage. fire m scried and pn to nthe ' A ti to instr Wood Rosin-, tween t terne i lengths laves. / Inst, plate, i jto the i standir .strips. \ Sine can be of bui .able, tage ir reflect; over examp of the two t *painteCent o 2 super rmanenj other roofing materials in economy, rkability and low coefficient of expansion.' -- Frank Lloyd Wright . a wee mt Hole ire reeen: Frank I. a terne i ~land. ghtest dui use. The . for exa; per sq. I s weigh : ft. I than sum is J' icn. term showing expansile ii. fur Fill change in temperaTlii- i' the only commonly used i: I ii roofing material with less 1 indi per hundred feet of ex ii .uni it comes the closest to the figure for slate or 0.331. the for wood. I'-jiilr il< lightness, terne is one of -'cuigr-l moling materials known. ; ilium to it- high tensile strength - imi tend to crack or creep, looting lia~ a tensile strength ooiip'i. Tin- high strength has 1" on sighted as particularlv in lire resistance. In mam nli'ii fires under the roof have 1 the supporting timbers comaa\. the terne roofs have been t" lemaiii suspended over the pice and have actually a- a blanket to smother the fire ceil >park from spreading it The Kass residence on Staten Island. The prefabricated house designed by Wright, mokes use of a terne roof. Note how the pleasing horizontal lines are continued in the roof of the structure and how roof color can be made to harmonize the whole exterior appearance. St. Luke's Wedding Chape! at the Naval Academy, Annapolis. Terne is used here for the barrel vaulted roof. Architects: Rogers, Taliaferro and Lamb, of Baltimore. ere rei place, ler the its and formed loose!) formed slipped own to I seami cover so that below o small yjg weit* . either lew roof >lor and | roofed garage. m al enlist raiction method is the lento plate roofing over '"'alhing nr ij," piv wood. '' 'I building paper is used be' mi'lal ami the sheathing. The | ul [mm mils in continuous tunning frnm the ridge to the Georgia Tech's Alexander Memorial Arena, designed by Aeck Associates, shows seamless terne roofing designed to harmonize with the surrounding compus. The roof, 270 feet in diameter, is set on 32 arched girders. 1 "1 nailing through the terne a- "f the material are nailed 'hug and incorporated in the other seams between 'ulualh an\ color of paint '' d on terne. a wide varietv a cnlnr schemes is avail:r i- a enii'iderable advan' :;:i' applications to the high ll,l"ihle with light colors plate. \\ bite paint, for " ii idled about 80 per cent heat falling on it: yellow. fni reference, a roof k ma\ relied onlv five per LIA26214 New ULTRASONIC CLEANING P~7 5/iism at full power Better Bustling The violent collapse of millions of hubbies literally blasts off dirt, grease and corrosion in seconds in an ultra-onic cleaning tank. This powerful ( leaning action, termed cavitation by the engineer, has carved an important place in industry for ultrasound. High cleaning speeds and the ability to remove insoluble solids and con taminants from inaccessible areas in complicated parts and assemblies have made this cleaning method a natural for manufacturers of precision instru ments and machinery and other areas with difficult cleaning problems. Now, the ultrasonic cleaning indus try is set for a new spurt of growth. Branson Ultrasonic Corp. of Stam ford. Conn, has introduced an ultra sonic cleaning system based on lead zirconate-titanate -- a high efficiency, high Curie temperature piezoelectric ceramic -- with cleaning rates more than double the old barium titanate type. Higher cleaning rates mean that equipment can be designed to do the same job as a barium titanate system at a 30 to TO per cent reduction in initial cost. Because of a new transducer design concept--a sandwich design--replace ment costs of the transducer assem blies has also been significantly cut. Other advantages for the system cited are a 40 rise in continuous operating temperatures to 200F, ease of main tenance, and flat tuning characteristics reducing the need for close frequencycontrol of the generator. Branson's low cost svstem is set, in P.17 ./stem at ral:' power HartJiv Titarate System at full power the words of Sales Manager Harrv Osterman, for "more high volume, low cost applications including main tenance of street lights, high-speed de greasing and pickling of metal, wire, bar and strip to name a few." Low cost ultrasonic cleaning can be a cost reduction boon in a basic metal plant like a steel mill. Fitting right into automated production meth ods. the high cleaning speeds of ultra sonics keep production rates up. A bonus in some cases is the reduction or elimination of cleaning liquor waste disposal and water pollution problems. An illustration of the cost saving potential of the use of ultrasound is the equipment developed by Wean Engineering in cooperation with Bran son and Pangborn Corp. for the clean ing of steel strip. This process cleans hot rolled steel strip by blasting with steel shot followed by a few seconds in an ultrasonic bath. Original plans called for a flash pickle treatment of the shot blasted strip. Replacing the flash pickle equip ment with an ultrasonic system would eliminate 30 feet in the production line and reduce the cost of cleaning the strip by 22^ per ton on an 80,000 ton per year basis. The higher cleaning efficiency of the new system can be ascribed to two main factors. First, the efficiency of converting electrical to mechanical power has been measured at 90 percent for the lead zirconate-titanate system com pared to 70 percent for the barium ti tanate svstem. ARi Second, lead zirconate-titanate can take larger amounts of power without datiger of depolarizing due to the gen erated heat. \\ ith barium titanate systems, onh a half wave pulse could be used to drive the transducers because of the danger of overheating and depolariz ing the ceramic. A full wave driving system would double the number of pulses of the same intensity in the same time span, literally doubling the cleaning power of the hath. Lead zirconate-titanate w ith its higher Curie temperature and higher efficiency can take the punishment of the full ware s\ stem. One of the problems with the old barium titanate system which stimu lated the development of the new sys tem was the difficulty in repairing transducers at a reasonable cost. The sandwich design solved this problem. L sing only thin sections of the lead zirconate-titanate, the resonant fre quency of the sandwich is controlled by the dimensions, mass and acoustic properties of the sandwich materials. Because of their novel construction, these sandwich elements may be completely reclaimed from a worn out transducer housing. They are simplv transferred to another housing. Life of a transducer housing is generally 7,000 to 10.000 hours of operation, due to cavitation erosion. The old style of transducer assembly generally had to be replaced completely. But for the new sandwich design, cost of re pair is only about 20 percent of the initial transducer investment. ` A( clean troph searc BeU. L'sin: a pat move Sir itself tion. for t tect 1 a cas aboL leadi --4-- LIA2 62 15 Radioactive rubble is no great peril to the driver of this Army bulldozer. A lead-shielded cab protects him from gamma rays. ARMY DEVELOPS SHIELDED BULLDOZER After inspection and start up, the driver climbs into the cab and latches the counterweighted hatch closed over him. Note the leaded glass window and filtered air in take. ate can v itliout the gen us. on!' user! t" e of tl' epolarb driving imber of v in tin filing tin th. Lea'1 her Curl' ienry eat full wa" h the "1ich stiiiiii e new s'" repairini cost. TIi s problem if the lfJ onant b1 ; control!' nd acou-t n materi" onstructi' nav be f": a worn 11 are ousing. 1'' is genera if operate on. The bly gf,lfrS etely. B"'1 n. cost "I ' .ercent of nent. Anticipating the need for a quick cli-anup in event of any nuclear catasImphr. the Army's Engineering Re. arrh and Development Center at Ft. Hi-hoir lia~ built a shielded bulldozer. 1 -ing it in safety, a driver could clear .1 path through fallout laden areas, reiiu o i- dt-bri- from critical centers. Nun1 the mechanism of the dozer ii-rlf remains undamaged hv radiato01. the \rim's principal concern is l-a tin- >afetv of the operator. To pro!' ' t him. \nnv engineers have devised i ' al lead -liield for the cab. It weighs a-,,at O.itiin 31>s. All four sides have ' oli'il gla-- I'indows to permit full observation. In addition, the cah is equipped with an air filtering intake device for ventilation. In all. the shielding attenuates 95-98 per cent of the incident radiation. Inside the shield the driver can operate controls in the usual manner. He is equipped, too, with radiation meters to allow him to survey the area he is passing through. Installation of the shield takes about half an hour. Three men using a crane can do it. Since this prototype was de veloped. modifications have been made and an advanced version is cur rently' under test. AN OUNCE OF LEAD AIDS FINE TUNING Thousand pound lead weights, writ ten up in the last issue of Le a d , are used to attain hair splitting accuracy in the alignment of transmission lines for the yvorld's largest radio telescope. An ounce of lead has its place in achieving fine tuning, too. Three sizes of antinionial lead flywheel i 4 oz and 8 oz I are being produced by The Staver Co.. Inc., in Ba\ Shore. Long Island. N. A"., for incorporation in high-fidelity tuners. The lead flywheels are press fitted to splined shafts controlling the tuner of precision electronic equipment. In place, the flvyvheel contributes an iner tial "heft" yvhich permits extremely fine tuning on the first try--yvithout searching and back tracking in fine adjustment of the tuning knob. .J-lst i . . . put into storage 'til needed. Complex assem blies (below) are stored, too. There arc 17 Springfields in the l nited States. But this most common name for a town mav one day take a back seat to a new town name -- Levittown. The populartiy of the Levitt method of building has created a suc cess which is closing the gap despite Springfield's start of a centurv or so. The third Levittown of 16.000 homes and all the usual community facilities is well along in New Jersev. Ground was broken this summer for a new Levitt-built community -- Belair -- in Prince Georges County. Marvland. 12 miles northeast of Wash ington. D. C. This self-contained suburb, planned to serve the nation's capital, will have about 4500 homes and a population approximating 20.00(1 at completion. W hile the grand scope of Levitt's methods is novel, the technique of building follows well-established paths. Borrowing one detail from the contemporary scene, the Levitt houses are erected on a poured con crete foundation slab. But pre-cut framing members are put together on the site. The use of lead fittings in the drainage plumbing exhibits both sides of this old-new approach. Traditionallv, of course, lead fit tings are known to be reliable. This is especially important in poured slab construction because these parts of the drainage system are inaccessible beneath hard, solid concrete. Proof of lead's merit in this regard is the fact that of the thousands of Levitt homes built so far at the three differ ent sites, all of them have had lead fixture connections and hardly a hand ful have had to have their slabs broken into for repair. The other facet of lead so important to Levitt is a well-established property of lead piping, too. This is lead's flex ibility. It is put to work in this newest of the Levittowns, Levittown, N. J.. to provide the highest qualitv plumb ing at a cost to the buver that is com petitive with any plumbing material he might choose. All of the fittings that connect the j bath fixtures and water closets to the j drainage system are lead. These in- J elude 14 g and 2-in. P-traps for the 1 bathtubs and shower stalls and lead reducing bends. 4-in. inlet and ,3-in, outlet, under the water closets. The major portion of the plumbin'.: drainage system is shop fabricated. I In the shop, under ideal working con ditions. scores of hundreds of these lead fittings are connected to the drain age piping and assembled into whole components. These components are delivered to the homesite and placed in position and it is here that Levitt takes full advantage of the economies possible through lead's flexihilitv. These economies come into plav in connecting the fixtures to the rough- ing-in. The inev itable descrepancies of an inch or more can easilv he corrected with lead simply bv realigning the lead connection to fit the planned lavout. On the cither hand, were rigid piping used, it would neo -sitatc remov al and reworking of the entire assemble. Thus with lead connections the plumbing is done once -- and done well. Of the three basic house plans at New Jersev's Levittown. the Cap Cod unit uses two traps and a bend, the Rancher two traps and two bends, and the Colonial, one of each. It is esti mated that about 200 tons of lead will be installed in these fittings hv the time the project is complete two or three vears from now. 6-- -- LIA26217 HERE COME THE ELECTRIC TRUCKS Before long you may be seeing u'lent electric delivery trucks in your home town. They are in regular ser vice in Atlantic City and Cleveland now and they've been tested in other cities. The noisiest activity of their driver on an early morning milk route will be the clink of empty bottles as he collects them. The truck itself makes hardly any noise. And it never sits at the curb idling. This, indeed, is one of the biggest reasons dairies, bakeries, laundries, and delivery services are interested in rlevtric trucks. On an average home delivery route, a gasoline-powered truck spends so much time sitting at the curb idling that it gels onlv four nr fixe miles to the gallon. Resides the cost of gasoline and oil, this adds to the maintenance problem with gasoline-powered trucks. Modern engines are not designed for long per iods of running at no load and low sjieed. \\ hen they spend this much lime at the curb, maintenance hills mount. fn a test at a dairy in Atlantic City. N. J. it was found that on typical routes the cost of "fuel" (recharging ihc batteries) amounted to just about 2-V a mile. Contrast this with a gasind-oil cost of 3.66c on the same routes. Another test, in Ohio, showed l-V per mile for the electric against < >( for gasoline. More important, these tests indicated that maintenance for the electric would be about 210 a year -- 200 for labor, 10 for parts. The gasoline-powered truck gobbles 640 a year for maintenance even without counting the two major overhauls it goes through in its life time. Even in the relatively small costs of keeping a truck on the road, electric vehicles come out well ahead. License [dates in Pennsylvania, for example, cost S35 instead of 70. Annual tire cost dropped 100 because of smooth LIA26P18 starts. Insurance rates were cut from 420 to 263 because the electric is "off" when it's stopped and can't run away. If consumers like the quiet service and owners the lowered cost, what about the drivers? They like the truck, too. With no clutch or gear shift -- there is a "reverse" lever -- they find that they are less tired at the end of a run. And. by taking all the fuss out of driving, the electric truck gets them hack to the garage ahead of normal schedules. Model-making, anyone? If you have an interest in model-mak ing. be it professional architectural models or a onre-a-year stint with an HO railroad, lead tape (reviewed two issues ago) is a godsend. Available in various widths in a standard 4 mil thickness, it is self adhesive, soft enough to be cut with scissors or razor, and can be tooled with nothing more than a sharp pencil. The scale standpipe shown was made with a 3 in. diameter mailing tube and the riveted steel plate made by tooling V-j in. tape to form scale 4 x 8 ft plates. THELIBRARY of Technical Information The following articles and reprints contain information, drawings and specifications on the os* of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others interested. They are available free of charge except where otherwise indicated, upon request to the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, 292 MADISON AVE.f NEW YORK 17. N. Y. THE MATERIALS YOU BUY -- LEAD Descriptive information about lead from mine to finished products. Reprinted from "New York Purchasing Review." January. 1959. USE LEAD TO CONTROL CORROSION Latest practices in lead construction for the petroleum refining industry are described. How to avoid the difficulties sometimes ex* perienced with lead-lined equipment. Re printed from "Petroleum Refiner," April. 1958. MATERIALS of CONSTRUCTION REVIEWS Lead and lead alloys in design and construc tion research, engineering and technological applications. With bibliography, 1959, 1958, 1957 and 1956 reviews (editions are not cu mulative! are available. Reprinted from "In dustrial and Engineering Chemistry," Septem ber, 1959, 1958, 1957 and 1956. CORROSION DATA -- LEAD & ALLOYS Chart form presentation of the corrosion re sistance of lead and its alloys to 188 common chemical materials over the normal tempera ture range. Reprinted from "Chemical Engi neering." February 1953. FLASHING WITH HARD LEAD A complete "How-to-do-it" article on the use of hard lead in roofing and flashing. Reprinted from "American Roofer & Siding Contractor," December, 1958. LEAD-ASBESTOS ANTI-VIBRATION PADS Gives specification, drawings, and reviews re cent applications of lead-asbestos anti-vibra tion pads for buildings. LEAD WORK FOR MODERN PLUMBING $2.00 Postpaid, $1.50 per copy in quanti ties of 10 or more. Profusely illustrated with over 140 photo graphs and drawings, the textbook present* clearly to the plumbing student the necessary tools, procedures and the methods required for lead work. LEAD IN MODERN INDUSTRY $1.00 Postpaid A fully illustrated 230 page, cloth bound book describing all phases of the production and use of lead, lead alloys and lead compounds. ANODES FOR SHIP PROTECTION Results of a detailed examination of leadsilver anodes for corrosion protection of ships. Operating efficiency and behavior are given. Other anodes are compared. Reprinted from "Corrosion,'' November 1959. RED LEAD TECHNICAL LETTERS No. 12 Seven formulations and schedules for painting highway structural steel. No. 13 L.I.A. Formula 9-2. A single Red Lead Primer for Rusted, Weathered or New Galva nized Steel. No. 14 Describes the formulation of red leadcoumarone primer for seawater immersion -- ship hulls, fixed marine installations. TRUCK COSTS IN A JIFFY Three nomographs permit estimation of costs for gas or battery powered industrial trucks in two or three minutes. Depreciation, operat ing costs, and maintenance are appraised sep arately for all unusual types of operation. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BULLETINS A series of specifications for the use of lead in building construction. 'Available sepa rately../ No. 1 Specification for Lead Waste Connec tions for Plumbing Fixtures with Integral Traps i Water Closets -- Pedestal Urinals -- Service Sinks). No. 2 Specification for Lead Shower and Safe Pans. No. 3 Specification for Lead Chemical Labora tory Drainage Systems, SEAMLESS TERNE FOR ROOFING Illustrated four-page architectural specifica tion also provides data on strength and weight characteristics and color advantages uf terneplate as roofing. ISOLATE COOLING TOWER VIBRATION An installation of lead-asbestos anti-vibration pads to isolate a roof-top cooling tower on a new office building is reviewed. Sectional drawing and loadings are given. Reprinted from "Plant & Power Services Engineer," March 1960. NEW LISTINGS LEAD VS. NOISE & VIBRATION Review of the current growth in lead-asbestos pad. sheet lead, and leaded plastics for sound and vibration control. Reprinted from "Steel," July 25, 1960. LEAD-PLASTIC SOUNDPROOFERS Rundown of several types of leaded plastic and their producers. Wide range of sound control uses is given. Reprinted from "Chemi cal Week." August 27. 1960. UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS. LI 426219 g*r' mm '"$*> -V* PRINTED IN U.3.A. PUBLISHERS PRINTING ---- ROGERS KELLOGG C0P- LONG ISLAND CITY 1. N. Y.