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American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1937
Chapter 41--Drying Systems
withstand the heat must be used. Metal lined ovens are easy to keep clean, and many high temperature driers up to 1000 F are made of metal panels with insulation between. Care should be taken to avoid through fnetal (metal extending through the oven from inside to out). Batch type ovens are entirely closed while in use and control of air leakage is easily taken care of. In the continuous drier where the ends are open, heat and air leakage become important. Warm air leaking out of the ends of ovens means a heat loss, and often the temperature and humidity outside the oven becomes unbearable. For this reason, inclined or bottom entry ovens are used, as the warm air leakage can be more easily controlled. See Figs. 5 and 6.
PER OEG F PER LB DRY AIR
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HUMIDITY CHART FOR DRYING WORK
In drying problems the chemical engineer uses different psychrometric values than those used by the heating, ventilating and air conditioning engineer. The humidity chart illustrated in Fig. 4 is based upon values determined from the following explanations:
Humidity (H) is the number of pounds of water vapor carried by one
pound of dry air. Percentage Humidity (%H) is the number of pounds, of water vapor
carried by one pound of dry air at a definite temperature, divided by the number of pounds of vapor that one pound of dry air would carry if it were completely saturated at the Same temperature.
Percent Relative Humidity (<f>) is the ratio of weight of water vapor contained in any given volume of air, to the weight of water vapor present in the same volume of saturated air, all values referring to the same
temperature. To convert from one relation to the other,
29.92 29.92
-
p3 p
X
4>
U)
where
pi = vapor pressure of water, inches mercury; at dry-bulb temperature, degrees
Fahrenheit.
p = <t>ps.
COMBUSTION
Where products of combustion are used directly in the oven, a know ledge of their formation and heat values is important. The properties of
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