Document bObQKdnaxgyGjJJ4MQqv3zjEo

PCIl's In Lake "lichigan <rr. #/ It; li.is bean establ is had that Lake Michigan is unique in that it contains much higher concentrations of agricultural pesticides than the other Groat Lakes due, in pari, to the large useage in the watershed in comparison to U;o flushing period for the lake and to the relatively low bio:,mss density. Previous studies have shown that the fish from Lake Michigan approached the FfJ.t action levels for dieldrin irf 1969 and that a major fraction exceeded the action levels for OUT (lleinert, 1 970). More recent cfeta (Leinert, 1972) from carefully designed monitoring (neineri., 1971) indicates that the average DOT concentration in Lake Michigan fish remained essentially the same between 1 957 to 19/0 and suggested that the levels have begun to decrease. Although not realized in the early analyses by Reinert, other work (Veitli, 1970) has shown that the concentration of PCD's (similar to , Arotlor 1254) were greater than 15 ug/gm in large fish collected from Lake Michigan in 1969. Thus, it is apparently in Lake Michigan rather than the other Great tokos that the potentially hazardous and persistent chemicals from our industrialized technology are most concentrated. It follows, ther, that consideration must be given to the effect these chemicals have on the biological communities sustained by Lake Michigan and the possibility of steaming or even reversing the trend of increasing levels of organochlorine compounds in the Lake Michigan system. Despite the compare lively liioii levels of DDT, dieldrin and PCB's in Lake Michigan, there is no direct evidence that the chemicals are endangering the aquatic life in the lake. The concentration of each of the chemicals appears to be below 10 ng/1 in the pelagic waters and 'less than 103 ng/1 in the nearshore waters, all of which are below the "no effect" level for the respective c'na.micsis for most aquatic organisms. However, the lack of direct evidence of daaage may simply reflect the difficulty in adequately measuring such effects in this environment. There is considerable indirect evidence which suggests that the buildup of organochlorine compounds may be a threat to the future of the biological resources of the lake, it is beyond the scope of this introduction to review the literature concerning the pesticides and PC LI' s, and the render is referred .to existing comprehensive reviews (Z'itko and Choi, 1671; Hill, 1972; Quin by, 1 972; Task force, 1972). In loboratc'-y experiments Crustacea exposed to varying levels of Aroclord'l 12Tv<! in the water concentrate the I'CB within their bodies more than <?0i000 times. The tissue residues may sometimes reach an equilibrium and in Gr.wr.is. fncietus PCD did not concentrate beyond '27,(k)0 Li,.i:.>. despite '.in' ~"d'i tTonJi j-weai: exposure to 1.6 ug/l- A rod or OO. (Saunders, 1971). In contrast, l'C3 residues in crayfir.li did not reach equilibrium after a 23 day exposure, lC3 concentration factors by two estuarine fishes, liiaoudun W'/r-sLoides and I eios.Uim.is zmUnrus, was similar to Licit dvscriopj almve mr crusl.ar.aans -- about i6,001) to 50,090 Limes the exposure levels in water (llanscn, ct al. , 19/1). HUNS 048348 -2- K is important to note that t?<2sr? accumulations occurred at water conccn nations of PCD that killed the fish in ID to 45 days. Also similar were the accumulation ratios of 26,000 to 56,000 for blue-gills (tenoais nacroc hints) chronically exposed te 2-15ug/l of ArociorCO 1248,ami 1 254. ^ fathead minnows (Pimouhnles promelas) chroni cally exposed to Aroclor(h) 124? and 1254 for 8 months concentrated PCB's 100,000 and 200,003 times the exposure levels, respectively. licsidues of 60 ug/1 (v/iKile tody) resulted from exposure for 8 months to 0.3 ug/1 Aroclor OO 1354. These experiments with bluagills also indicated that the maximum levels of PCB ware generally related to the concentration of PCS in the water (50,000 - 200,000 times higher) to which they were exposed (Stalling and Huckins, iinouhlislied data. 1971). Effects on Reproduction PCB residues in salmon eggs are apparently related to mortality of eggs. In preliminary investigations in Sweden, Jensen, Johansson, end Olsson (1970) reported that when residues in groups of eggs ranged from 0.4 to 1.9 ug/1 on a whole, weight basis (7.7 to 34 ug/g on a fat basis), related mortalities ranged from 16 percent up to 100 percent. As indicated in Table I, Aroclor 1248 was the most toxic of the eight aroclors tested to Daphnia ,~.agna in static tests, with a 3-weel: LC60 of 25 ug/1 iter. Aroclor 1254 was most, toxic under continuous-flow conditions with a 3-week 1X50 of 1.3 ug/1 iter. The Aroclors wore more toxic under continuous-flow than static conditions, with 16 percent impairment of reproduction caused by 1.0 ug/liter Aroclor 1248. ' The calculated 96-hour LC50 values for newly-hatched fathead minnows were 7.7 ug/1 for Aroclor 1254 and 15 ug/1 for 1 242. Three- month-old fatheads had a 96-hour LC50 of ca. 300 ug/1 for 1242. Reproduction occurred at and below 1.0 ug/1 1254 and at and below 5.4 ug/1 1 242. Polychlorinated biphenyls wore acutely toxic but exhibited much greater chronic toxicity at very low levels, due to their cumulative nature. IJewly hatched young were the most sensitive life stage. Young fathead growth was also affected above 2.2 ug/1 124B and none survived above 5.1 ug/1 after 30 days. Young flagfish, Jordanella floridac, did not survive above 5.1 ug/1 1248 and did not grow well-above 2.2' ug/1. ' The ninety-six hour LC50 values for Aroclor 1242 and 124 3 with Ganniarns usendol imnaens were 73 and 29 ug/1 iter. Survival after 30 days was !>3 percent at ()./ ug/1 12'2 and 52 percent at 5.1 ug/1 1243. Good reproduction and survival of young occurred at 2.8 ug/1 1 242 and 2.2 ug/1 1248. ' Abundant atlul t emergence of the midge T-inytarsus dissimil is did not occur above 5 ,ug/1 12 J or 3.6 ug/1 1254. The calculated 3-week I.C 60 (60 percent reduction hosed on control-as 100 percent) for Aroclor 1254 was 0.66 ug/1 for larvae and .46 ug/1 Tor pupae. HONS 048349 Application factors of 0.10 for 1212 anti 0.15 for 1210 were calculated for the PCO's and G?.~.iarus. Application factors of 0.2 for 1251 and 0.16 for 1212 ware cal cult, led for fathead minnows using newly hatched fish to obtain the 96-hour I.C50. . The second generation fry from adults previously exposed to the PCB mixtures were exposed to the respective mixtures for 90 days after hatching. Preliminary data analyses indicated that 3 ug/1 of AroclorOO 1213 caused no mortality but a 20 percent reduction in the weight of the fry. Similarly, AroclorOO 1260 caused no mortality when the fry ' were exposed to 2.1 ug/1; however, the weight of the fry was reduced by 33 percent. The residue data from the trout exposed for 27 weeks indicate that approximately 0.55 ug/1 of Arcclor(n) 1254 will result in S ug/gm of the PCD mixture in the fish (whole fish basis). The concentration in the fillet of fish exposed to 0.El ug/1 AroclorOO 1254 was 1 ug/gm. The lipid content of the fillet portion of the trout was less than two percent. Dietery exposure to PCB seems to be less of a direct hazard to fish than exposure in water. Coho salmon (Oncorphyncims klsutch) fed AroclorOO 1251 in varying amounts up to 14,500 ug/kg body weight per day accumulated whole body residues which ware only 0.9 to 0.5 of the level in the food after 240 days of dietary exposure. Growth rates were not affected. However, all fish exposed to the highest treatment died after 240 days exposure; and thyroid activity was stimulated in all except the group treated at the lowest concentration (Mchrlc and Grant, unpublished data, 1971). The massive trout and salmon stocking program in Lake Michigan has produced an unparalleled sport fishery and provides a valuable protein source for human food as well as animal feeds. Essential to the establishment and maintenance of this fishery is the successful reproduction of the adult fish. However, Reinert (1970) has previously pointed out that DDT and dieldrin levels in eggs are similar to those which inhibited reproduction in the studies of Burdick et al_. (1964) and Macek (1958). In addition, Jensen et ol_. (1970) have shown that 15 ug/gm of PCB's (lipid basis) in salmon eggs produced 50 percent mortaility and complete mortality can be expected when the eggs contain 25 ug/gm PCB's (lipid basis'). All of these data concerning the effects of ocganochlorine compounds on reproduction were obtained individually, and little is known of possible combined effects when the tissue contains mixtures of the toxicants. Even though the continued-stocking of fish may maintain a food resource in spite of possible adverse effects of the residues on reproduction in Lake Michigan fish, many fish contain body burdens which n.ikc the fish udfit as a food resource for humans. The II.S. Food and Drug Administration has established a tolerance level Of b lig/yii, 5 ug/gm and 0.3 ug/gm for DDT, I'C.B's and dieldrin, respectively, in food to be sold for human consumption. Since the lake supports a sizeable commercial fishery in addition to the sport fishery, Hie presence of these chemicals below the "no effect" level in water may still endanger these industries due to the large partition HONS 0 4 8 3 5 0 coefficient for lipid/water systems. Indeed, numerous catches of commercial fish being shipped to markets have been seized, and tons of large salmon have been withdrawn from state give-away programs in Michigan because the DDT and PC8 residues exceeded the 5 ug/gm concentration. Concern has also arisen with respect to the impact the organochlorine compounds in the Lake Michigan biota (principally fish) is having on other animals which use this food supply. Host notably is'the effect of take Michigan fish on min); reproduction in the north Central states, before DDT and dieldrin levels in these fish were well docu mented, Hartsoucjh (1365) indicated that Lake Michigan fish were . suspected as the factor leading to poor mink reproduction. Aulcrich et al. (19/0) clearly demonstrated the fish had been the cause of the repro ductive failure. Aulcrich and Rinfcsr (19/0) found that DDT and ODD . did not have significant adverse effects on mink. Furthermore, dieldrin was lethal at 2.5 ug/gm in the food for extended periods but did net appear to effect reproduction at twice this level during the gestation period. Aulcrich et, al_. (19/1) concluded. that coho salmon per se did not cause reproduction problems but that the disorder is associated with other species of fish and "appears to be dependent upon the species of fish and its environment." Finally, after the earlier reports that PCB's were present in Lake Michigan fish, Ringer et al. (1972) demonstrated that 10 ug/gm of Aroclor 1254 in coho salmon ' produced 71 percent mortality in mink and that a mixture of 10 ug/gm I'CB's and 0.5 ug/gm dieldrin in coho feed produced 100 percent mortality, i.'o kits were born alive, when the diet contained 5 ug/gm - or greater Aroclor 1254 alone. This evidence clearly indicates tint the biological resources of Lake Michigan nay seriously endanger other species even though the levels of toxicants are not sufficiently .great to produce a dramatic effect within the aquatic communities. Equally important is the coincidence of high levels of chlorinated hydrocarbon in herring gull and other bird populations with reproductive failures and subsequent population decl ine. Ratcliffe (1 970) and Anderson (1970) have clearly shown th3t major changes in eggshell thickness have occurred since 15-15 and that the phenomenon may be a major factor in the decline, if not extinction, of many species of birds. In general, egg shell thinning of 10 to 15 percent (relative to prc-1910 eggs) may produce an effect in the population, 15 to 20 percent is associated with readily observable egg breakage, and 50 percent thinning has been associated with virtually total reproductive failure (llisebrough ct al_., 1970; Keith et aj_., 1970). Anderson (19/0) found the Groat Lakes Herring Gulls contained the highest chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in eggs ever reported for that species, lie also found that the Lake Michigan gull, which declined dramatically in the early 190.0's- but recovered in the late 1960's, ll.ad egg shall thinning which varied from nine percent in 1953-195G to 111 percent in 1965. However, since 1 565, the degree of thinning HONS 040351 lias decreased to eight percent in 1 BOO. In comparison, gulls on Lake Huron anil lake Superior have exhibited thinning of seven anil eight percent, respectively, and thase from the east coast have remained essentially unchanged from earlier eggs. Anderson, (1970) also shoved that double-crested cormorants from Wisconsin had 20 percent thinner eggs and produced eggs with the highest 0I1L concentrations of this species from interior North America'. Golden eagles which primarily feed on mammals do not show as dramatic egg shell thinning as do the Bald Eagles which feed on fish. Despite the lack of detailed data in the literature, it is not unreasonable to suggest that the disappearance of Bald Engles from the shores of Lake Michigan may also he linked by correlation to the chlorinated hydrocarbons in the food resources of the lake. The Lake Michigan system is also unique in that the use of the major persistent chemicals have beer, curtailed in the'watershed by a variety of actions. Although it is likely the use of the chlorinated pesticides in agriculture was diminishing in the late 1960's, ttie Lake Michigan Enforcement Conference recommended regulatory actions on many uses in 1968. This recommendation led to restrictions on DOT in Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, including th? sale of this compound. A more detailed summary is presented by Lue.kchow (1972). The realization that the widespread use of PCB's has resulted in the widespread occurrence of these potentially hazardous chemicals in the environment moved Monsanto Company, the solo producer of PCB's in the United States, to restrict the sales of PCB's in 1970 and by April, 1971, only "close system" uses ware able to purchase PCB's from Monsanto. However, there is no data to confirm .the fact that I'CB uscages are significantly reduced. 1 I As previously discussed, the FDA has placed a 5 ug/gm action level on PCB's in food for human consumption. Moreover, on March 18, 1972, this restriction was extended to food packaging materials. On May 2, 1972, the Environmental Protection Agency announced that all discharges to the aquatic environment involving PCB's will be restricted to the lowest possible level and that the desired limit will be 0.01 ug/1 PCB's. These restrictions were re-enforced by the recommendation of the joint task force headed by the Council on Environmental Quality and the Office of Science and Technology (Task Force, 1972) which called for all current uses of PCB's, except capacitors and transformers, to be discontinued.. . In summary, the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the agriculture .and industry in the Lake Michigan watershed over the last few decades has resulted in the contamination of this valuable, mcsotrophic body of water. Indirect evidence exists that these chemicals are having subtle detrimental effects on the species near the to? of the food chain, and some ol the food resources have been deemed unfit for human consumption. However, the take Michigan watershed has also realized unparalleled legislative action regarding the use o( these hazardous, persistent chemicals in the last two years. The following sections MONS 048352 -f>' of this report sireurize the activities of the Stoics in the Lake Michigan watershed concerning I'CB's and the results of its activities. ' Table J. The Comparative Toxicity of light Aroclors0 (in |i<j/liter) * to Dophnin r.y.gna in Lo!ie Superior Water as Determined ' ' . * in Static Test Conditions Avodor ihrcc Week LCliO Confidunce Limits*1 . Reproductive Inrmrr^nt Confidence Coniidonce SOX * Limits lex Limits 1221 ' 1232 1212 1218 ' 1251 > - . 12C.0 *.t ' 1202 ' 1268 180 72 .. 67 . 28. 31 ' '36 : 253 158-205 125 62.6-82.8 ,66 55,1-81 63 21.1-29.2 21 25.8-37.2 28 27.7-15.8 37-19.9 222-288 33 j' 41 ' _ 206 .116-135 ' 89 . 60-72.G . 53 56.3-70.5 . 18 . 21.2-2711 ; 16 23.1-33.9 18 27.5-39.6 22 33-53.3 21 185-228 162 85.6-92.6 50.5-55.7 15.2-50.9 . 13.0-.1B.1 11.5-22.3 17.7-27.3 17.6-32.0 116-179 *Tolyc.Ulorinated UiyUcnyls: Aroclor 1221-1263.. Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, I'.o. Ninety-five percent confidence limits. . . . J i MONS 048353 Proyrw.s Undcruny Illinois Water samples wtre collected routinely at four locations in 1971 and 1972. Two sewage treatment plants and tv:o tributary sources were sampled during this period. The locations sampled were the Waukegan River,,Pettil>one Creel:, llarth Share Sanitary District plants at Waukegan and north Chicago. During 1971, thirty-seven sediment samples were collected at tributary streams, rapines, and offshore (within two Miles) late bed stations. Composite samples from fish were also analyzed during 1971 and 1972. Mim ' In 1957, the State of Indiana initiated a water quality monitoring program. The original sampling network included two stations on Lake Michigan. At the present time, there are 16 sampling stations located on tributaries to Lake Michigan. In addition, five water treatment plant intakes on Lake Michigan arc sampled as part of the program. This program provides data that are used to measure general characteristics of Indiana waters in the Lake Michigan Basin at important locations and to record trends in water quality. The following table indicates the location and frequency of the routine sampling for LCD's: Station ' Type of Sample Frequency Lake Michigan-lhmmond VI.VI. Lake liichigan-Wliit inq ll.il. Lake Michigan-East Chicago VI. W. Lake Hichiqnn-Gary '.l.'.l. Lake Michiqan-Mich. City ' VI. W. Ind. Harbor Canal -Dickey ltd. Grant Calumet Rivcr-Indpls. Blvd. Grant Calumet River-Kenncdy Ave. Burns Ditch-BD-1 Burns Oitch-P&rtaqe Boat Yard Burns ortch-Chrisman Rd. Trail Creek-frankl in S.t. St. Joseph Itiver-Aulcn ltd. Elkhart itiver-at mouth . grab grab grab grab grab grab grab grab grab grab grab grab gra b grab monthly monthly monthly monthly monthly monthly quartcrl y ' quarterly monthly quarterly quartarly monthly monthly quarterly In addition to the regular water quality monitoring program, sampler, of the effluent from all municipal sewage treatment plants in the basin will be collected two times during 1973. '.Mien possible lliese samples will be coi.iposiU'd over a 7-1-haur period. MONS 048354 T This program will be expanded to include the collection of samples from various industrial outfalls and runoffs frc:a landfalls. For the most part, these samples will be collected during comprehensive 2d-hour surveys of point discharges which arc routinely conducted in the Lake Michigan 15a sin. Michigan ' ` ' ' Michigan instituted a monitoring program for polychlorinated biphenyls (I'Cll's) earty in 1971. The initial program consisted of a state-wide water sampling survey for determination of concentration in inland vmters and tributaries to the ureal Lakes. Supplementary sampling has since been conducted on stream sediments, municipal raw water intakes, groundwater drinking supplies, sanitary landfill runoffs, municipal wastewater treatment plants, industrial discharges, and fish from both inland and Groat Lakes waters. Sampling is being continued on a periodic basis for establ ishment of trends. Wisconsin The Wisconsin Department of natural Resources is surveying the waste effluents of some 55 communities in the Lake Michigan Basin. Those municipalities showing significant levels of toxic materials will be investigated to determine the source. . . U.S. Bureau Snort fisheries 6 Wildlife ~~ Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory program of analysis for I'CB's in Lake Michigan fish will continue with selected.species of fish from two areas'of Lake Michigan in 19/3-7-1 according to the following schedule: Years of Time of Collection Size ' Continuous Collection Species Site Humber of Fish Ranqc Anal/sis Spring Fall Fall Fall Chubs Lake Trout Chubs Coho Sauqatuck Saugaluck Saugatuck Ludington 200 30 200 30 290-280 nm 500-800 mn 290-289 mm 500-800 sn 2 3 5 6 HONS 048355 X* Creni 1`mvt H't I*** tot tt>c I'rofr*: I'Mrr (uilliy Anroanent Croftrai on the fir.it lake* - Karthern tale MlcMr.an of analysis for palyChtaifnn'cd Hpl.n yJt. 1:>T and dfi-ldiln In Lake !!1(K1(id I Ikll. Toalc Substance* Centaalnatloa *. Ilelal VC,. tK-hilthnllIKf 4, IOT and dteldrln ,- * llav a pierran for {-.~!)utlon detection, host srv..,.-,e. and IIU-16 alici.Wt vjtli infrared and ullravirltt ^.ir.rcr to detect I'Ollutlos and physical pt-ccrase*. I'ror.rasj fnelviet I'ntr (lotion. Valor Characteristic*, licnoloy, - tlayktaluri.ij,drolocjr, and -Lf.sutolocy Under (hi Anadret.oua I'lah krof.raa . reneattli fa dltecttd reward the cause of die-off. Vferenicb prP'rrr to include nillipiutlcil n.'ili to describe pollutants In the Gnat Lake*. Promotion of all aapirta of Creel take* rnwrch ar.i 4faeer.fr,allon of 9he Sta Cram froyr.'a In the Cient Lakes area (Lake IlleMsan) )'#( fc Idc-f.rdJucat Interaction OB (irrrn Kay * I'evtlcfde Levels of flrda Vlntcrlnc on Lake !!!c!il( Uptake and Accumulation of Pollutants l*y Lake f:ithlf..in flih fatten Affecting Lnerfy llratlo* in Lake Michigan A Cnnj>rehrlve Study of the Vater (,',*)Sty of "liu.tulee Kitiier Olid Adjaernt Lal.a Klrl.ftao fotvry and Analysis r>f Milwaukee llathor -- Lake HlrhlL*nJ.aehanr.e . Law a Kitie^en fn Crtt-n lay , Inflirma of llratid f.ffluent 'on (lie Mr,trihut ten *r..I -d^nee Of MaJiea Kr.ir the *.ia r.Svrn; and heiMvn;-*>)hiclrar J o. rr Plants oo Lake MtM|>n Hi Lake IlltMcan Stui'ln MS tTA - l:.-,-||,.> V Surveillance r.nJ Analysis Division Complete.! I Cu Canada Center lor inland Vain U.S, bureau of Sport ritherlcs end Vital Hr, Creel UVfi lleSel Laboratory 4 states: . 2. Illinois i. Indiana 9. Mfrtitgsn 4. VIicon*In .. ts.S. Coast Coord Lake Survey Center - COM V.5. Geological Survey University of I'iscrosln C. JVed Lee, Vater Chcslstry, WMSM Hark tSrlancon, Mechesdstry, UW3 Alfred Keetoo, Crater for Creat Lake* Studies, Li.>iiS Allied Keeton, Center for Crest La;:.'.* Studies, tVSCZ . David Cutchln, Center for Crest takes Studies, l"-'SiCL t>, K. Keeney, Soil Science, WMSM lolut J l'j(nuin, Zoolecy, IKMSS I'nlvervlty of Hlchltan lit I.oka i;t(!ilf,ett Siuvlr- . ITfs I,. )9)1 l.i.kc KioMtan Int i-tfuM lonal .Vint Cotnlr eloi (J.5. Section) KatJoival Vater IpMtly talcratoiy t. V*'lth . frrclntnt liifn t tan lo | Iva ai/i/n/.i .K fVi> lOotdlr.lt Ion to the v>r!< actlvltlea. In 1V)2 conplrte.l t fire*. CTult.es rsployIo| ''' lo assets vater svaVify. findings will ti- given In thla Teale Su'jt Cams Pepor e. rpllvilloo turvey v|)l IreliJr. a 1C03 title district fion I'uluth, .`i. to St. l:eele, S. Y. InvcjitIpatlon* and tiwllra. Studies Inelvda pari^t[raloj1rl, f.nliolopleal, and pesticide tcaldues VI11 use SJ /jl? ratio to deiertbe l-olLutloB asd clreulatloa patterns repleyn a veaee) is ct.er.leal l.folor.ltal and |-hya(t*l ;,,ii.*^nra Alto unliei air. 9n *u;rlrrenc th t'prei and t over Cleat IV.it Mutlri tt.rlv'e I'CV |.eatlcldri, i-l.il.sltuu and i.-lr HONS 0I|8356 Data Suntnary - Lake Michigan, Open Maters ami Sediments Illinois Sediments (<1-3 miles offshore) 24 samples, 1971 Aroclor (ppb) 1242 1254 Mean Rang? Mean Rnnqe 23.7 (HD-105.1) 14.7 (2.5^46.9) Indiana Haler Intakes 15 samples, 1973 PCO (ppb) ' Mean Range 0.02 (<.01 - 0.09) Michigan . ' I'C.B concentrations in drinking water supplies from 45 intakes on the Great Lakes and connecting waters and an additional 20 on inland lakes and streams have generally been less than 0.01 ppb. Limited sampling of groundwater drinking supplies in southern Michigan has indicated that groundwater has not been significantly contaminated v.'itli PCS's. Katsr Intakes Date Aroclor 125' South Haven Holland Grand Rapids Muskegon LOdington Traverse City Kscunaba Gladstone Menominee llridgcman Dridgaman St. Joseph Denton Harbor South Haven Holland Grand Rapids- Muskegon Ludington Northport Point Ira verse City Lscon.iho 01 adstone Menominee . 3/9/71 ! 4/14/71 4/14/71 3/9/71 3/9/71 3/2/71 2/25/71 2/25/71 .3/23/71 .4/14/71 5/23/72 5/18/72 5/18/72 5/18/72 5/10/72 5/18/72 _ 5/10/72 5/19/72 6/21/72 6/21//2 8/20/72 0/20/72 0/20/72 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 0.177 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0. 01 0 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 MQNS 048357 Data Summary - Lake Michigan Fish Illinois . Twenty-nine composite samples Iren five species of lake fish (yellow perch, chubs, carp, coho salmon, and alewivesjwere analyzed for PCB's in 19/1. Concentrations in the composite samples ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 ppm with'an overage concentration of 2.1 ppm. The highest average concentrations of I'Co's by sox and species were 0.4 ppm for yellow perch males, 3.4 ppm for chuh males, 2.3 ppm both carp males and females, 2.2 ppm ior coho silicon males and 3.1 ppm for alowife males. The concen trations were below the-U.S. Food and Drug Administration's interim action level of 5 ppm. In 1972, fourteen composite samples (69 individual fish) from two species of lake fish (yellow perch and chubs) were analyzed for PCB's. Concentrations in the composite samples ranged from 0.3 to 3.1 ppm with an average concentration of 1.7 ppm. The highest concentrations of PCB's wore found in chub samples. Concentrations of 3.1 ppm were found in samples or female chubs. Samples of mala chubs were similar with maximum values reaching 2.8 ppm. These concentrations were also below the FOA's interim action level. . Michigan . ' In 1572 Michigan developed a cooperative State-Federal study of contaminant levels in Great Lakes fish species including lake trout, salmon, whitefish, chubs, menominea, yellow perch, alewifs, carp, and suckers. Fish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, Frie, and Superior are systematically being sampled on an annual basis to obtain information on areas where contami nants approach or exceed FDA guidelines for consumer protection. The project, developed by the State agencies in cooperation with the U.S. food and Drug Administration and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Great Lake Laboratory, will establish patterns of residues of mercury, PCB's, DDT'and dieldrin in Great Lakes fish. The following table shows the concentrations of PCB's detected in fish from Lake Michigan during the first year of this study. PCB's in Salmonids (lake trout, steel head, coho salmon, and chinool; salmon) and chubs were shown to exceed the FDA guideline of 5.0 ppm while concentrations in other species did not exceed this'guideline. HONS 048358 risit Cont'il -12- Concentrations of polychlorinated Mphenyls (I'CB's) found in fish species token from Michigan waters of Lake Michiy;;n during .19/2*. Species I'CB's by Pi$trict*Mn ppm (sample size in pcsrentSesis) ri3 iii'Vi . re-55 cmg ' IV 7 li-53 AU'wifc K7 (3) 2.3 (1) 2.7 (6) 2.7 (C) Carp Chub . Hononinee 1 . * " 3.0 (G) .3.2'(2) 0.6 (D) 0.0 (1) 1.2 (2) 6.5-0) ,1'crch . C.D(l) 0.4 (5) 0:5 (11) Coho Salmon .Chinook ` ' Salmon > 11.2 (3) 12.4 (10) Suckers -Steel head 0.0 (6) 0.7 (2) 1.5 (3) 1.1 (6). 6.0 (2) Lake Trout 11.1 (3) 6.4 (3) ' ' 3.2 (2) 5.7 (6) 9.2 (6) l.'liitefish 0.6 (3) ' 0.0 (2) 1.1 (1) Total Pish Kean Sampled Concent retir 16 2.4 0.6 C 3.9 i 2.0 19 7.0 i 4.2 3 1.1 ' 17 0.4 i 0.4 3 11.2 10 12.4 5.0 17 ' 1.0 0.7 2 6.0 ' 20 7.4 4.0 6 0.7 0.3 . * Do lb fvo:n llichioan's Great Lakes Environmental Contaminant Survey, H>72. ** Zones of Lake Michigan within Mi chi can Boundaries , ^ I'i'C - Northern Basin * * ' ' . * IV-M - Grand Traverse Bay ' ` ' .: W-15 h - Control Basin - ' IVS7 t Ivl8 - Southern Basin * .\ . MQNS 048359 fish Cont'd u.s. nroi T3- Polychlorinated Biphenyl . Approximately 800 of the fish collected from Lake Michigan were analyzed for PCD mixtures resembl in:j that of Aroclor 1251. A.generaliz^d summary of these results is presented in the accompanying table'in which the range and average concentrations of PCD's (as Aroclor 125-1) is reported for 13 species of fish. The mean concentrations ranged from 2.1 ug/gm in smalt to 15'ug/gm in Chinook salmon. The data show that the larger fish such as brown, lake and rainbow'trout and Chinook and coiiu salmon contained PCH's at concentrations two to three times the 5 ug/gm action level established by the FDA. The mean PCB concentrations in suckers, smelt and whitefish ware considerably less than 5 ug/gm and the mean concentrations in the alewife, carp, chub and perch were approximately 5 ug/gm, ranging from 1.7 to 5.9 ug/gm. As is expected, the larger fish with greater percentage fat contain greater concentrations of PCti's. . ' i. Suaaary of PCD Concentrations in the 1$?1 Lafco Mchlgan Fish . Species MoulCo *, Brovm Trout Carp Chub - Chinook Salaou * Coho Salmon . 1a):q ITout Perch * * Balnbovf Trout lied Sucker, Snolt " ' l.'hilo Sucker KlilU-fich _ * - JJuaber of Fish Analysed Concentration of PC3 (ps/cn os Aroclor 125*0 - Fanffoa Hrv-.n . ?6 : 16 .Hz 22-9 . 21 2.5 r 0.9 6.7 - 12 . 1.7 - 11 . ' ' -3.1 - 0.1 9.9 - 2b . 4.7 8.8 ; 5.5 . 1 5.3 15 . # . '3.6-17 * i57 . 1|8 10 *N .. ' 16 V 0.1 - 21 4.2 - 11 0.0 - 12 2.7 - 3.2 ` ' 35 0.7 - 3.2 ' ' 50 ' . 2.1 - 11 12 . i** 5-9' , 10 2.9 2-1 4,1. >0 1.5 - 6.1 3.5 iiv.llcaton rence or averosort level of )'C2 of a fiiv.in r-ycclca at n (;lvcn lneatio:i--wcl,';ht :ot iv.oln ttvoraflu oi' till locations campled HONS 048360 fish Cont'cl -14- llot only dees the PCI? concentration vary considerably among the 13 species captured, but also the range of concentrations in a single species in the lake war. generally greater than 100 percent (the range in red suckers was less; however, all were captured in the same region). Although some variation in concentration is expected because of the normal analytical precision, the tgble reveals much larger ranges which are undoubtedly due to other factors which'limit the usefulness of mean concentrations presented. Previous research has shown (Beinort, 1370) that the lipid content, size of fish, season of capture and concentration in the water may effect the-observed concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons in tissue considerably. Accordingly, the data in the table must be considered in more detail. The concentration of PCB's in alewives (on a fresh weight basis) were greater in southern Lake Michigan than in the northern regions, although anoaiol ies are apparent. It is apparent that most of the alewives captured south of a line between Saugatuck and Sheboygan contained between 4.4 and 5.5 ug/gm PCB's whereas those caught north of the line contained between 3.5 and 4.4 ug/gm. An interesting exception is the high concentration, B.9 ug/gm, in the alewives from Pock Island just off the Boor County Peninsula in Wisconsin. . The analyses of brown trout suggested similar trends in that those from Michigan City at the southern end of the lake contained 11.9 ug/gm while those from Sheboygan and Gills Book contained '7.9 and 6.7 ug/gm, respec tively. . . The carp from Michigan City also had higher levels of PCB's than did those from the northern region. In contract to the 11.0 ug/gm found in the Michigan City carp, those from Saugatuck and Sheboygan contained 4.G and 1.7 ug/gm, respectively. The PCB's in chubs in southern Lake Michigan ranged from 4.9 ug/gm near Milwaukee to B.l ug/gm near Saugatuck. In general, the chubs from the northern regions were below 5 ug/gm. The concentration of PCB's in the five groups of chubs collected over three months near Sheboygan varied without trend between 3.7 and 6.1 ug/gm, although the moan was below 5 ug/gm. The variation is somewhat less when the data is expressed on n lipid basis, for example, the PCB's in the B/27 and 10/15 chubs was 5.0 and 3.7 ug/gm---wot weight, respectively. In contrast, the concentration of I'CB's in tile lipids was 23 ug/gm and 21 ug/gui, respectively. Thus, much of the observed variability is duo to lipid content of the fish analyzed. ; One hundred'percent of the Chinook salmon captured in Wisconsin contained greater than 5 ug/gm PCB's nod mean concentrations ranged from,24 ug/gm in Milwaukee to 9.9 ug/gm in Strawberry Creek. Little trend in the concentration of PCB's in colv.i salmon was observed with sampling region. '.Jitli the exception of coho caught early in 1971 near Michigan City, the mean concentration of PCB's ranged from 11 ug/gm in tloso near l.udinglon to 14 ug/gm in those near Michigan City. . MONS O'*361 I'isi) Cont'd The RGB's in lake trait ware ir.asl concentrated in the trout from Michigan City, Saugntuck end Milw.inkce where ri:-:,n concentrations were generally between IS and 22 ug/gm. The trout from the northern areas siich as Sheboygan, ludir.gton, 3rand Traverse !'.ay and Gill's Rock were considerably lower, and the mean concentrations ranged between 8 and 15 ug/gm. The concentration of PCT.'s were unexpectedly high in the perch C3ught near Milwaukee in that the.Mean of the 10 fish was 11 ug/g:n. In contrast, perch from other regions appear to Lo less by a factor of tt.o, .and those from lower Green Bay contained only 2.7 ug/gm. Rainbow trout'(vere only caught near Michigan City and Gill's P.ock. The Michigan City trout had 12 ug/gm PCB's while those from Gill's Pock averaged only C.fl ug/gm PCB's. The concentration of PCB's In suckers and smelt ware generally between 2 and " ug/gm, although the average concentration in the three white suckers from Saugatuck was 6.0 ug/gm. Mith the exception of whitefish caught at Grand Haven and Michigan City, the PC3 concentration in whitefish was less than 3 ug/gm. . Additions! Data from U.S. SSfi'.l Crest Ukes Fishery Lsbprotory lirnn rcti levels in Is to llichlnjo fish Sjuxios . Lake Trout . lake Trout Coho i:hf IcM&h I'.loMir Chub Uloater Chub bloater Club Tine of Col Its-lion rail, 1971 rail, 197? Fall, 1972 Fall, 1971 Sprint/, 1972 tall, 1972 Fall, 1972 Location of Collection Gd. Traverse bay Santiatuck, Ml, Ludington, Ml, Gd. Traverse Day Saugatuck, Mi. Saugaluck, Mi. Ssugatuck, Mi. Kunber of Analysts 3 20' 10 3 20 *12 * *8 number of fish 1 . 15 ` 20 10 15 200 120 80 Mean Lenith (rrp Mean Weight ty.yr's) 647 638 D.A. 605 266 255 229 3,030 3,199 O.A 1,390 160 177 120 Mem Total Lipids PCB's (percent) Jn?dL n.n.O 18.5 7.3 ii.m. 16.8 21. C 13.C 11.3 20.7 10.9 2.2 8.0 5.7 3.6 II. II. r not 1ncasjrtd , ') l.A. R flaU ava liable MONS 048362 Data Summary - Tributaries II1inois Tributaries . 4 water samples, 1971 13 water samples, 1972 Aroclor (ppb) 1242 1254 Mean Range Mean Range 0.712 (0.140-1.810) 0.110 (.ID - 0.653) 0.258 0.158 fn (o! 192-0.333) 033-0.341) Sediments 13 samples from ' ravines and minor tributaries, 1971 95.8 (NO - 55.30) 32.3 (1. 5-232.0) Indiana Tributaries , 6 water samples, 1973 PCB (ppb) Mean Range .025 (<.01 - .07) HONS 048363 Trihs. Cont'd Michigan -17- Quarterly water sampling in thirty Michigan tributaries showed that about 60 percent of the simples contained more than 0.01 ppb with one stream, the Saginaw River, having a high concentration of 2.9 ppb. Fish fro:n the Saginaw River had PCS concentrations as high as 166 ppm. Five Michigan strenais had mean concenlraLions in water samples over 0.10 pph. Those were all located in the populous southeastern lower peninsula wliich drains into lower Late Huron, Late St. Clair and Late Erie. Of the Late Michigan streams, the Grand and Kalamazoo rivers consistently showed the highest conccntrations'with means of 0.041 and 0.066 ppb, respectively. A study of transport of PCU's to Lata Michigan on suspended solids was conducted during March-May, 1973, on the Grand, Kalamazoo and St. Joseph Rivers. Sediment traps wars suspended 1-2 isetors off the bottom of the rivers and collected at varying time intervals in each river ranging from 3 times weekly to once a month. Concentrations of l'C3's were notably higher in the scttleablc solids from the Kalamazoo River than from the Grand and St. Joseph rivers. The over-all mean for all samples were 3.62, 0.99 and 0.97 ppm (oven-dry basis) for the Kalamazoo, Grand and St. Joseph Rivers, respectively. This data substantiates earlier results indicating elevated levels of PCB's in the Kalamazoo River watershed, [xtensive sampling at upstream sections of the watershed has identified past and present wastepaper recylcing bypaper industries located in the City of Kalamazoo as the major source of contamination tothe river. Certain sediment deposits in impoundments on Portage Creek, a ' tributary to the Kalamazoo River- at Kalamazoo, ware found to contain I'CH's at concentrations exceeding 360 ppm (dry -..eight basis). Leaching from tlu'se PC. 15 enriched sediments appears to be significant. Fish collected taediatoly downstream from the City of Kalamazoo were found to contain residues of PCii's in their tissue as high as 110 ppm (Hesse and Willson, 1972). , .. An. example of one location in Michigan where monitoring and subsequent control measures have resulted iri a marked reduction in PC3 contamination is the Saginaw River basin. Even though it is not within the Lake Michigan watershed, the Saginaw River PCS situation is worthy of review. Monitoring of major Great Lakes tributaries during 1971 -1977 identified the Saginaw River as having the highest concentrations of PC: 13*s of any tributary within Michigan boundaries. Intensive sampling throughout the river basin in search of point sources successfully isolated ten major points of I'CB discharge to the river system. Each of the industrial sources were asked to identify the cause of their losses and to take corrective action. Control measures, in most cases, conversion to nun-PCD containing products, have proved very effective toward lowering the'l'CH concentrations in the Saginaw River. A sharp PCI! dtcline at a monitoriivj site near the river mouth was observed in October, 1972, and concentrations have remained low since that date. It is Imped that a ecu respond ing decline in rcil concentrations in fish from the river and Saginaw Bay will soon be observed. ,_ MONS 048364 Mean ret Contend atler.t In ritMgjn Trlhilarios to m,, r . . 1*171-//. '* *l ` '*< ' I**;o_ f >j[ Ulchtjjn Huron . St. Clair trie Rfver * Stotl.r-Jaorseeoph Grand IV/skcosn ICtnisUc* koanf/an Ilk . Sapira* Cass' Mini' Shiawassee1 liltsbawssste1 Au Sable Thunder Ty Chclioys?n Clinton Hack St. Clair Raisin Huron Rouge' tJctvoit rco's frp*> m 1?M) 0.00 o.ocs 0.041 0.010 . 0.014 0.00 ' 0.012 `1.103 0.014 0.P7R 0.029 0.140 <0.010 0.073 0.032 O.ttO C.013 0.010 p.210 0.01? 0-470 0.020 <0.0100.' -.i 0.1 O- t.f OHIO <0.PlO-0.'. ? <<00..*f!'?*lf'ti.f-: i, <0.'>lU-t.U1 O.-SCO*?.*.' o0..oom;o-.*.t * <O.UIOO.`..* j <J.c.'c i *0.010-4*.< t' <0.010-0.f l.* <0.010-0.4',) Oo..nO:.:Vi.rMi.)i.:ivoj <0.050 3.'. <f| f.f M.ft Ivi <O0..P0C10!M-0..4('-0j <0.010-0.*30 ^Tributary to Saginaw River Mrihulary in I'etreit River dov.nstrern from Pftrolt'River sampling station River Grand foncer.trat ions oT rtb's (r^lycMeriratcd 0.phenyls) in the scttltable solids collected fr:>< -.-i'a of On- CivJ, kale jrr.a, and it. Joseph Riven; Sprlrp K73, for ec:.:?jriscn of varl.tMv n .-lun (onunlraiions in ppm on an ovtn-dry basis. * Saa.;ile ' 3/?l 3/73 3/30 4/7 4/4 $ar?U P.ltC'S <75 </9 </11 <1/13 4/70 * '<'7... i/ll /? S/1 >,/H 3X Hackly ti*.'ckly Monthly 3.2*1 1.2S 0.94 0.C5 1.6* 0.9S 1.0 <0.1 1.1 0.93 1.S8 1.00 0.73 1.41 0.CC 0.75 O.V) o.n ).'/ O.M O.tO Mran 0.77 0.(0 0.CO * i!aUt\oo n Vcrkly l-.is.rc l.ly IWnlhly y.n6.7 27.6 C.r.3 /VO 3:77 2.03 <0.7 7M 3.54 1.33 3.20 <0.1 3.77 7.M 2.11 3.00 ?.;3 2 .f*4 3.11 J.CO 3.7r. 7.13 4.R? 7. CO 3.r. 4.7? 1'a.vt * St. Joseph V. Meekly rw.v.kly Monthly 0.0 0.!? 0.7J - 2.13 0.C8 o.cs o.ns 0.70 0.67 0.0 1.71 0.7C 0.0 l.ir. 1 ft * 1 3t. * trple mllicUtl I'on., l!cJ. and fritfay > (anient ration k'ti-J upon a 1:1 ratio of hrodor 1(42 All other concentrations oWuktcJ as /rocler 1?42. HONS 048365 Tribs. Conl'il -19- MpVnyW (ten's) In Ctrr-oiltP water %,vplcv frr, vt .. vjtr.Jw Ritjr <1 <.'/ tijr.^ar niin.i, Cucli 19/1 . !jy Wi. Collt-tUon tjjtg ' Ctncc-nlrjt fc*> l*Ul>rA>. icr l-mion 3-9-71 6-10-71 8-27-71 10-26-71 6*8*72 10-13-72 10-77-72 10- 30-72 11- 1-72 ' 11-2-72 11-4-72 11-0-72 1-20-73 6-24-73 0.450 0.000 2.1>00 1.103 O.C'.O 0.300 <0.020 <0.020 0.001 0.031 <0.020 . 0.022 ` <0.100 0.210 Cntcntrtli-r< o! prly-tMt tirtHt i t>ir!if-e>l* fl'CVi) In Milt fioa 5.>-lns lv. l>ctiiiT 7, 1973. ( tel wli.-.t). . Iridi fur,' c*ui.> CfttflcH C*rp Cerp C.'p . Clip C*.p rt>.wea^0ck L'ltr.Si;^ CJir I'.S. CMt Cuird Statics UCllJ l.t Siiii:* * t )v..'Ati' it 9.0 21.0 0.0 7.5 73.0 24.0 >0.0 74.0 21.0 77.0 33.0 34.0 4.0 45..30 4.3 3.0 5.0 Prrernt J.3 0.9 7.0 4.9 VCf. m|*jm 7.*4? )Cf..)u 037..91 4A.0 7103..45 17.3 113).03 17.0 Conont rlln u;*ni at,'ycl ef thale f'ali. .U> *lUn *-^l** ... 048366 HONS Data Sur.nary - Discharges Illinois Sewage Tivat-aenl Plants 6 samples, 1971 1C samples, ,1972 1242 l-tenii Aroclor (i'Ph) Range 1251 Moan * Range 1.443 0.1 77 (0.208-4.020) (ilU-0. 9)0) 0. .900 o. i ?r, (0.199-0.99!:) (0.099-0.200) 1 nd if. in Muriic iivil ity Michigan City Michigan City Valparaiso Valparaiso lb lfi r {. Ila hart llast'iioiid ilai'iKond Last Chicago last Chicago Chesterton Chesterton Cary South ilend Mishawaha Elkhart Cos hen Kappa nee Kendallville l.nGrmvje Ligonier Angola Syracuse Pate . 11/27 f. 28/72 12/20 S 21/72 11/27 & 20/72 12/20 & 21/72 11/27 & 20/72 12/20 & 21/72 11/27 ?. 28/72 12/20 l 21/72 11/27 3 20/72 12/20 f. 21/72 11/27 R 28/72 12/20 f< 21/72 11/27 3 20/72 3/22 3 23/73 3/22 A 23/73 3/22 3 23773 , 3/22 S 23/73 3/22 & 23/73 2/20/73 3/7/73 3/7/73 3/7/73 3/7/73 . Plow -M 11.0 13.3 4.0 4.0 2.7 3.1 42.9 42.3 ' 10.5 10.7 1.5 1.8 50.5 35.0 10.39 17.5 4.0 .900 1.2 .105 .434 .704 .305 Aroclor 125-1 ___ (iS'Dil 7 A(. 0H f) p7 0 ?o 0.30 0 11 <0.10 <0. in <0.10 0.1 o 10 <0.1 0 0.3!) <0.10 0.13 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 0.10 0.17 0.13 MOMS 048367 i>scJurycs rout'd Michigan Analyses of surface water runoff from sanitary and industrial landfills in Mi Chilian suggest. that these are a minor source of environmental contamination, live of the 9 samples collected had PCB concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.30 |>i>b while the others contained less than 0.01 ppb.. * Sampling of Municipal wastewater treatment plant (I.MTP) effluents throughout Michigan in l!i7I and 1572 indicated that many IttTP's represent major point sources of PC!) loss to surface waters of the State. The average PCD concen tration of 00 effluents sampled was 2.55 ppb. While only seven of the il'ITP effluents exceeded 1 pel), the Bay City WHIP located on the Saginaw River had an average effluent concentration of 120 ppb (high of 310 ppb), shewing the over-all average for all plants sharply upward. The average concentration excluding the bay City '.."(TP was 0.50 ppb. Those KVITP's with PCI! concen trations in effluents exceeding 1 ppb were, with one exception, Incated on rivers already identified as having high levels of PCB contamination. Sampling of 55 IIUTP effluents in 1973 continues to show high PCI) levels with an average concentration of 0.52 ppb, including the Cay City plant. The PCI! discharge from the Bay City Sj.IlP has been greatly reduced as a result of control measures in industries served by the If.lTP. . Sampling of sewage sludge from 57 of the 53 IMTP's tested in 1973 showed Bay City to hove the highest concentration of PCB's in the sludge being removed hy the treatment process. The PCB concentration in the sludge from the Bay City plant was 352 ppm (dry weight basis) compared to a state-wide average of 15.6 ppai. j In an attempt, to identify major contributors of PCIl's within municipal !MTP systems, sampling at key points in the interceptor systems has been conducted within the municipal ities of Bay City, lit. Clemens, Saginaw, Adrian, Detroit and Kalamazoo. This program lias been very successful. The City of Detroit has, in fact, established an on-going sampling program within tlveir interceptor system with analytical assistance from the State. They are applying a new City of Detroit sewer ordinance which limits discharges within the wastewater system to a maximum of 0.1 pph. A broad scale sampling of industrial discharges throughout Michigan has shown results indicative of the widespread usage of I'CB's. nearly half of the industrial discharges sampled lave contained more than 0.1 ppb with many in excess of 1 ppb. The highest concentration detected in an industrial discharge in Michigan has been 7,200 ppb. Automotive plants, chemical companies, and paper product manufacturers are among the types of in.Toslrfes with highest concentrations. Also industries and building complexes, includii i soma schools and hospitals, with heat transfer systems appear to be another major source. Industries identified as sources of TO IS pollution have been encouraged to ch urjeover lo replace ment coopaui. Is or lo clean up their operation so that discharge!: of I'CB's do not exceed the present Michigan guideline of 0.1 parts pew billion. Michigan is currently trying lo get. a handle on lodes from electrical trail'.) ormer:; in 1 callage, servicing, and rrpl ncemen 1 within pi.mis. It HONS (H8368 Ihsclia'yts Cont d appears that many of the still dumping PCU's dov/n small transformer maintenance comoanics the drain rather than return)no tiien for are incineration. . J HONS 048369 i)i sc lurg-.n'S Cant'd '' ' ..... . . -23 Polychlorinated Diphenyls (PCB's) in effluents of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants throughout Michigan 1971-1972. Unless specified, all samples arc 8 hr. compos)tes. CITY Adrian ' DATE ' 3-30-72 G-13-72 . 6-14-72 , 9-6-72 . PCB's as Aroclor 1254 (PP'>) 1 .'so 14.00 6.90 0.41 . ' . .' Mean Cone. (PPh) 4.60 '' Albion 3-20-72 ' 0.44 0.44 Ann Arbor ' 10-14-71 0.14 0.12 3-30-72 <0.10 Battle Creek . -' 10-5-71 3-28-72 2-21-72 6-6-72 6-7-72 0.39 0.16 0.92 0.28 0.21 0.39 Bay City 11-4-71 340.00 120.00 11-22-71 210.00 11-23-/1 60.00 3-2-72* 290.00 4-4-72 19.00 6-13-72 11.00 . 6-14-72 25.00 9-14-72 5.70* Benton Harbor St. Joseph 10-28-71' 4-4-72 0.99 0.31 0.65 Brighton Charlotte Constantine Detroit boxter ; 10-5-71 0.38 7-20-72 0.61 ' 4-4-71 ' 0.85 .` 10-14-71 2.20 . 12-20-72c 3.00 1-20-72 0.92 3-9-72 . 2.40 4-17-72" 1.80 6-1-72 0.88 10-19-72 2.50** 10-14-71 0.10 . 0.38 0.61 0.05 1.95 ) 0.10 HONS 048370 i>isci::ii'(|::r:> Cant'd CITY -24- DATE PCB's Aroclor 1254 (pph) Mean (Ppb) E. Lansing Escanaba Cssoxvilie Flint '1 Flushing Gladstone Grand Haven Grand Rapids Holland ` HoughtonHancock Iron MountainKingsFord Iromvood Jackson , ' Kalamazoo . - , ' L'Anse l.ansing . 11-15-71 . .A-3-71 0.69 0.35 12-16-71 0.29 n-A-7i 3-31-72 0.21 0.28 10-5-71 3-31-72 G-7-72 ' 6-8-72 10-5-7.2 1.30 0.92 0.47 0.30 . <0.10 ' 10-5-72 . . 0.52 7-21-72 0.19 ...A-4-72 <0.50 11-15-71 3-30-72 0.37 0.68 10-20-71 3-29-72 0.79 0.42 3-21-72 3-21-72 4-4-72 3-20-72 11-16,71 2-21-72 3-20-72 10-5-71 ' 3-28-72 6-6-72 6-7-72 12-6-72 4-21-72 10-7-71 4-4-72 <,o.io 0.55 1.20 0.16 ' <0.10 , <0.10 <0.10 1.30 0.83 0.43 0.53 0.19<? <0.10 0.23 0.13 0.51 0.29 O.JM 0.G0 0.52 0.19 <0.50 0.52 0.60 0.10 0.07 0.16 <0.10 0.66 <0.10 0.18 MQNS 048371 -25- i.'i:.c!r.r(jL'rs tout'd ' CITY Manlstiquc Marquette Marshall Menominee Midland ' : . DATE \ . 12-15-72 ' 12-14-71 3-28-72 12-15-71 2-2-72 3-31-72 . 4-14-72 d10-2-72 ' PCiVs Aroclor 125-1 Jpph) <0.20 0.35 <0.10 '. 0.35 0.25 D.40 0.13 0.13 r Mean i .(I'J'I'l <0.20 0.35 <0.10 0.35 0.23 Milford Monroe .10-14-71 . n-i 5-71 3-30-72 <0.10 0.60 0.33 <0.10 (3.4G Mt. Clemens 1 ,* 11-15-71 3-30-72 6-7-72c 6-8-72c 7-26-72 R-2-72 1.40 7.00 4.50 3.10 .9.40 10.00 ` 5.21 Mt. Pleasant Muskegon Muskegon Heights . ' 3-31-72 11-15-71c ll-15-71c <0.10 .0.28 0.37 <0.10 0.23 0.37 Niles (lor./ay Ontonagon O./osso 4-4-72 4-5-72 4-21-72 9-14-72 .0.68 0.40 <0.10 <0.10 0.60 0.40 <0.10 <0.10 Parchment . 4-20-72 <0.10 <0.10 Pontige (Auburn IW.) 11-17-71 ' .3-30-72 <0.10 0.61 0.35 Pontiac (t. tllvd.) 11-17-71 3-30-72 . 0-0-72 G-/-/2 0.20 1.30 0.15 0. 16 0.45 I'nrlagi: ' 11-15-71d 1.00 1.90 MONS 048372 -26- Dischargers Cont'cl' CITY . DATE Port Huron Saginaw St. Ignacc South Haven Swartz Creel; .' ' * . 11-15-71 3-30-72 510-6-71 .'3-31-72 6-7-72 '6-8-72 .10-4-.72'1 ' .12-15-72 4-4-72 .10-6-72 I'CB's as -Aroclor 1254 inCJil______ ___ .0.20 0.62 i: i o 13.80 2.00 1.-50 10 .'74 x10.'20 . <0.70 <0.70 V Three Rivers .Trenton '4-4-72 <0.30 Tl-16-71 '0.14 3-30-72 1.10 ' 56-6-72 10.47 .6-7-72 ' 10.91 = Warren HI -15-71 13-30-72 10.16 . 0,10 Wayno County (Wyandotte) TIT-T 6- 71 3-130-72 10.64 .0 .'17 White Pine Wyoming Ypsilanti 4I-Z1-72 . 'lT-30-72c 3-130-7.2 T1-15-71 '1-12-72 :o.2 0.44 IQ. 55 0.'22 .0.21 Ypsilanti Twp "1 71-16-71 4-2-72 0.12 <0.10 Ypsilanti Twp i!2 '' . T1-16-71 4-2-72 0.19 0.16 Aroclor 124? Standard **Aroelor 12:2 and 1264 in 1:1 ratio' >6 hr *'10 In- c24 hr ^Grab eliexano lost Git':.'.'!) I'i.'.'l Kean cone ..(jyjih)______ 0.40 l-.co <'0.20 < 0.10 <0.10 <'0.'30 0.'53 0.13 0.40 11.20 0.49 0.21 0.11 0.17 2.55 HONS 048373 Dischargers Cont'd . . Concentrations of TCB's in <!.. rj,,., , ;n,ICRl frew ' Wastc./nter Ireatirent Plants t : i * it'll I >J IM , Spring, 1973. Concentre tin,.; in dry weight. err bill ion CITY DATE PCIl's Adrian Albion Ann Arbor Bay City > Battle Creek Benton Harbor- St. Joseph Brighton Cadillac . Charlotte Constantine Detroit Dexter East Lansing Escanaba Essexville Flint Gladstone Grand Haven Grand Rapids Holland Houghton- Hancock Iron Mountain- Kingsford Ironwood ' Jackson Kalamazoo L'Anse Lansing 1 Mariistique Marquette Marshal 1 Menoaiineo Midland Milford Monroe Mt. Clemens , Mt. pleasant Muskegon Muskegon Heights Miles l.'oivay Owosso Pontiac (Auburn) Pontiac (E. Blvd.) Port Huron . 1242 . 1 3/7 2/22 3/1 3/1 2/28 ' 3.20 ' 2/28 3/1 - 3/28 5/1 . 2/28 2/28 ' 3/1 5/2 3/28 3/1 2/22 3/28 2/21 2/21 2/21 2.15 1251 r 0.34 0.25 * <0.10 0.20 0.53 0.34 0.4G 0.73 0.10 ' 0.10 <0.10 0.44 <0.10 1.05 <n in 3/27 0.10 3/28 . 3/27 2/22 2/29 3/27 4/18 3/28 3/27 2/22 2/28 3/1 ` 3/8 5/4 3/8 . 3/28 2/23 2/28 ' . 2/20 3/28 2/21 3/12 . 3/12 - 3/8 , 0.09 <0.1 0.22 . 0.03 0.79 0.15 0.57 <0.10 <0.10 0.29 0.i:.'l 0.1:1 0. <0.10 0. HONS 048374 1747 H254 0.20 0.33 0.28 . - 0.29 1.12 0.31 2.20 2.90 0.00 0.54 l. no DisdmCont'd .CITY . . :St. lijn.ico 'Three Rivers Traverse City .Trenton .Warren Wayne County .Wyoming Ypsilanti 'Ypsilanti Twp !!) .Ypsilanti l'wp SZ -r.20- :DATE 13/28 12/21 :-3/7 12/28 12/27 12/28 12/21 .2/28 1-3/1 13/1 -EOT TCU's . 0.31 *0.10 *<0.10 <0.10 <0.10 o..*,o 0.22 . ' 1 '*0.10 *0.10 7252:1 ' 0.31 ^Concentrations based on best fit of 3,standards: Aroclor 1212. Aroclor 12M or .admixture of Aroclor 12'I2 and .1254 in a 1:1 ratio. MONS 048375 -29- Dischargers Cant'd . , Concentrations of PCB's in the sludge from fifty-seven wastewater treatment plants in Michigan, Spring 1973. in parts per million, dry weight. municipal Concentrations City , *. Date 1212 pen1 1251 Adrian Albion .. Ann Arbor Bay City 3/ 7 . 2/22 3/1 ' 3/1 ' 352.0 . 1.5 1.1 Battle Creek 2/20 2.8 Benton HarborSt. Joseph 2/28 ' 13.8 Bri ghton 3/1 . <0.1 Cadillac 3/28 ' . <0.l` Charlotte 5/1 6.8 Constantine 2/28 2.1 Detroit 2/28 32.i Dexter 3/1 : 3.2 E. Lansing 5/2 ' 4.6 Escanaba . 3/28 . 5.9 Esscxville 3/1 3.9 Flint 2/22 . 6.3 Gladstone Grand Haven , , 3/28 . ' 2/21 S" " 1.1 4.1 Grand Rapids 2/21 ' ' - 11.11 Holland Ikiwal 1 2/21 ' 4/2G 0.8 15.0 Hough lon-llancock 3/27 5.5 1212:1254 . 21.0 HONS 0483 76 -30- Dischargors ContM ' City Date 1 Iroit Mountain - 3/20 Kings ford ' Iromvood Oackson 3/27 '* 2/22 Kalamazoo :2/29 L'Anse . 3/27 Lansing . -4/18 ' ' Manistique 3/28 . Marquette 3/27 ` Marshal 1 3/22 Menominee . 3/20 Mid'land 3/1 . M il ford .3/8 Monroe 5/4 .. Mt. Clemens 3/0 lit. Pleasant 3/20 Muskegon .'2/20 Muskegon Heights '2/28 Miles 3/20 Norway CL,`os so . ' 3/20 2/21 l'entiac (Auburn) 3/12 Pontiac (1:. Illvd.) 3/12 Port Huron 3/0 1242 . 33.3 1775 .'0 .. . Pen's 1204 3.5 . 5.7 3.'o f '4.4 3.3 '1.5 . 3.3 . 3.3 `4.3 `tZZj a/3 (6/5 .. 113.7 . IV.I./O 77. .0 ^0.1 -2.D 1242:1254 50.5 1.2.1 9-2 9.2 MONS 048377 > .r . .\ flisch.irgers Cont.'d City .. Date Suginaw 3/1 ' Sault Sic. Marie 3/28 St. Iynace ' 3/28 . Three Rivers 2/21 ' Traverse City . 3/7 Trenton Warren 3/28 2/27 . ' Wayne County Wyoming 2/28 ' 2/21 1 Ypsilanti Ypsilanti Twp. ill 2/28 3/1 ' Ypsilanti Twp "2 3/1 -311242 2. 0 I'CB's 1254 5.0 ZA 1.5 4.1 1.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.58 2.0 <0.1 ' <0.1 * Concentration based on best fit of 3 standards: Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254, or a mixture of Aroclor 1242 and 1254 in a 1:1 ratio. MOMS 048378  Dischargers Ccml'd -32- Wisconsin - 19/3 Survey Cosuits Municipal i ty Adell Algosia ' Amherst Appleton Duties Dos ilories Utility Oist. Bear Creek Berlin l)i rnsnwood Bonduel . Brill ion . Bristol Brookfield Cedar Grove Chi I ton Cl intonvillc Colc-inm: Crivitz Depere Elkhart Lake fond du Lac Grafton Green Bay Kenosha Marinette Weenah- Menas ha Milwaukee-South Shore Worth lend du Lac Hue i i ic Shawano Sheboygan Suring ' Waldo West Bond I'CB Conc,-^ ,,iLbss., .33 < 05 . 000053 <05 .26 .010 .11 oooi y <. 05 <05 .28 <05 .5 < 05 < 05 c.l 1.45 <05 .1 < 05 .31 <.l .59 <.05 .44 <05 <05 2.1 1.1 _.0_0_06G_ _ _____ _.032 .000021 -- ..------ .032 .067 _______ ..___ .074 .060 .23 .34 .4 17 ' ' .21 .23 .19 ' .00053 .021 .0044 .34 .000059 .000033 .0018 HONS 048379