Document bOaN35yzRkD50RBMzE42RwNvo

Sportsmanship in Safety Sportsmanship in Safety By HELEN HULL JACOBS Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy, Washington, D. C. 13 It has seemed.to me, for a long time; that the work the National Safety Council has been doing is such an important job that it ought to love the whole-hearted support i of every citizen in this country, particularly those who get behind the wheel of an auto mobile. I hesitate to confess when I first learned to drive a car, I might start an investiga| turn! However, I'll take a chance. I was thirteen, and I hasten to add that I had a responsible person at my side. I've always | liked cars, and I've always liked driving i them. My favorite treat, when I was a little girl, was sitting on my uncle's lap, [ steering the first Stanley Steamer delivered I in Arizona, where I was bom. Of course, it was a very old car by then! I've driven many thousands of miles since then. I've coped with the hazards of Eng lish country roads, the sudden turns ob scured by hedgerows; and in Egypt, with ! the small boys rushing out in the path of i die car to sell tangerines, frightening me ! out of a year's growth as they skidded to j a stop within a hair's breadth of the front I particularly remember one example of this. In 1937, at Wimbledon, England, Gott fried Von Cramm and Henner Henkel, rep resenting Germany in toe Inter-Zone Davis Cup Final, and Donald Budge and Gem Mako, representing the United States, were playing one of die most exciting tennis matches I have ever seen. In the fifth set of this deciding doubles match, when it seemed as if the Germans were bound to win, and at a point which could have clinched the match for them, Don Budge tried a daring placement to pass Von Cramm at die net All of us, watching the match, saw Von Cramm make a perfect, winning volley for match point against the American team. But as the umpire started to call the score. Von Cramm held up his hand and said that Ins racket had touched the net as he made his volley. That is a fault in tennis. The point went to the American team. After Don Budge had asked Von Cramm if he was sure that he had touched the net; they finally won the match and eventually de feated the British team in the final. Jlut these hazards were understandable, cars don't travel the country roads in Eng land, nor the road from Port Said to Cairo in anything like the numbers that cars travel the same sort of roads in this country. There are more automobiles in the United States, per capita, than in any other country in the world. This would make it seem that the drivers of these cars know that it is smart to be careful, smart to be a good driver, sportsmanlike to obey the rules and courtesy of-the road. We Americans have always prided our selves on our sportsmanship, which is. after all, just good manners and consideration for die other fellow, ha the game that I played for more than twenty years, I almost in variably found sportsmanship at its highest Quality, among die competitors of all na tions. It is a game, as all of diem are, that breeds sportsmanship among die right people, and most of them are right. No one who was sitting with me saw Von Cramm touch the net But only the player, in a case like that; knows that he has done it The winning of die Davis Cup for his country was less important to this German champion than the fair rules of die game. I remember another instance of fine sports manship on the tennis court This time, it was sportsmanship in the interests of safety. In the quarter-final of the 1934 National Championship Singles I was playing_ a California opponent and friend, Josephine Cruickshank. She had been a member of the Wightman Cup team that I had cap tained earlier that summer in England. I was making every effort to win the cham pionship for the third time; and I knew that I faced a formidable opponent on my hopeful way to the final round. It had rained most of the morning, and the court was very slippery that afternoon. I had fallen several' times during the first ( v PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT * WI/^3UL130 I .OflGpoHrAl 14 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes sec what h set of our match in going for wide shots abiding citizens who would condemn a killer and Aalrinji and drop shots; and because I found it so to death, but will take a chance on them kind of dri' difficult to keep my footing, I requested selves bring killers for the sake of getting as a highw permission to wear spikes. ' Most players to their destinations a few minutes sooner. speeder. don't like to wear them, and they particu larly dislike playing some one who does, because spikes are apt to make divots and grooves on the court. It is hardly necessary to point out the close alliance between the safety program and our national defense. When our gov ernment is calling upon 'every able-bodied I also ha the trade di you down weight of The request was referred by the umpire person in the United States to take his about ten i to the referee who came out on the court, place in whatever capacity he can best serve holding you walked over part of it, said he didn't think his country, it is sickening to read the toll pace; tempti it was slippery enough to justify the use of of lives, the mannings that are the result of at any cost spikes and refused permission. highway accidents, so many of which were undoubtedly avoidable. I again appealed to the umpire. A seri The unav days, make ous fall could put me out of the tournament Anyone is willing to agree that in winter Safety Coe and I didn't want to play against the mental time, in most parts of the country, driving added probl hazard of that possibility. But there was conditions become so hazardous that acci think it's sc little he could do. The decision was up to dents are often unavoidable. It is not these sportsmans! the referee. I asked Jo what she thought that we can hope to write off the books, be practiced of the court for the best of precautions can fail, and a way patrol i. slippery road can be more than human skill Although she was one of the players who in driving can cope with. or when tb passing the * I! :it didn't like spikes, she told me and the um pire that she thought the condition of the court did justify their use. That settled the matter. The referee agreed, I wore them, and, able to get set for my shots, pulled through the match and finally won my cham pionship. Two years later, when I was practicing outride the stadium on one of the courts where spikes are never permitted because, reasonably, if it's too slippery, players prac ticing are expected to stop rather than dam age the courts, I really came a cropper, landed on my right thumb and dislocated it. The New York Time's eminent tennis writer, Allison Danzig, got the New York Gant's trainer to come to Forest Hills and put my thumb and most of my hand in an adhesive plaster cast I was trying for my fifth consecutive National Singles champion ship and couldn't bear the thought of bring unable to continue play. After a day's grace, I got through to the final. Then, ably assisted fay Alice Marble, I lost a long match and my title to one of the greatest players and best sports that ever lived. It is the accident that is the result of stupidity, carelessness or wanton bad sports manship; passing cm hills and curves, trust ing to luck rather than judgment, driving a car that is mechanically deficient. It is the accident that is the result of drivers who persist, in travelling the fine highways that lace this country, in going at a pace that forces the driver who is observing the speed laws onto the soft shoulder of a road, then into a ditch; of the drivers who pro ceed at maddeningly slow pace in the left lane that is meant for fast traffic and for passing, and who take the "gei-by-me-if-youcan" attitude, and tempt the motorist who will. These are the accidents that should be written off the books! I'U give you an example of what I con sider one of the worst violations of sports manship and good manners that I have en countered in a long time on the road. Re turning from Fredericksburg, Virginia to Washington on the Shirley Highway, a splendid four-lane road, I bad the misfor tune to get behind a driver who was going about twenty-five miles an hour (the speed limit is fifty-five). I passed him and got ambulances to observe t I have tl at the Nav This is tb< in the work is a safety a different When I Gun Factor the extreme dustry, if r the business Navy, as yi unturned in waste of m dents. It's effort is outstandii ments, and many years, the Navy f< honored by dl, one of "Award of ' to Safety." Most of you have seen impressive ex back in the right hand lane. He passed Because y amples of sportsmanship in various games. me at about sixty-five, then promptly re trial safety Doesn't it seem incredible that the same duced bis speed to twenty-five. This little of tnanpowi sort of people who will concede points not game of highway horseplay want on for would like t rightfully theirs on the sporting field, will miles until another irate motorist got in the Navy's frequently forget sportsmanship when they front of this driver and held him to twenty tory: are driving a car? Normally, they are law- miles an hour. I hung back long enough to Sportsmanship in Safety 15 sec what happened. More blowing of horn and shaking of fists you've never seen. That land of driver ought to be hauled into court \a highway menace just as much as the .ieder. I also have almost homicidal reactions to the trade driver who races like mad, passing you down every bill, then, because of the weight of his truck, is forced to proceed about ten miles an hour up the next bill, holding you and all traffic behind you to his pace; tempting the impatient motorist to pass at any cost. The unavoidable hazards of driving, these days, make the problems of the National Safety Council tough enough without the added problem of coping with drivers who think it's smart to be stupid and who regard sportsmanship on the road as a virtue to be practiced only when they spot the high way patrol officer in the rear-view mirror; or when they become scared enough, after pasting the tangled evidence of a wreck, and ambulances being loaded with the victims, to observe the rules of the road. I have the good fortune to be on duty at the Naval Gun Factory in Washington. This is the largest naval armament plant in the world, and you can be sure that there is a safety problem there, too, although of a different sort When I first reported for duty at the Gun Factory. I was immediately aware of the extreme seriousness with which an in- jtry, if it is to progress, most approach . J business of accident prevention. The Navy, as you have done, has left no stone unturned in order to reduce the unnecessary waste of man and material power by acci dents. It's efforts have been so successful that it is outstanding among Naval shore establish ments, and has been five times, within as many years, commended by the Secretary of the Navy for its safety records, four times honored by you, the National Safety Coun cil, one of these honors being the coveted "Award of Honor for Distinguished Service to Safety" Because you are all so interested in indus trial safety in relation to the conservation of manpower, particularly for defense, I would Idee to read to you the Secretary of the Navy's commendation to the Gun Fac tory: l August 1951 "From: Secretary of the Navy To: Superintendent, U. S. Naval Gun Factory, Washington, D. C Subj: Secretary of the Navy Award for Achievement in Safety "1. The Naval Gun Factory achieved a four per cent reduction in its lost-time acci dent frequency Tate and a sixty-nine per cent reduction in severity rate for the year 1950 as compared with the rates of the pre vious year. This improvement over 1949^5 less than 5.0 frequency rate is commendable and merits the Secretary of the Navy award for Achievement in Safety. "2. This excellent accident record indi cates that personnel of the Gun Factory are giving their wholehearted support and earnest effort to carrying out the safety program. The fact that the Gun Factory has earned tins award for five consecutive years is evidence of the effectiveness of your safety organization. These years of low accident experience have contributed im measurably to the saving of lives, the con servation of the nation's resources, and increased production. "3. The Secretary's Award in official rec ognition of, and praise for, the untiring effort and constant vigilance of all per sonnel in accomplishing the improvement of an already outstanding performance in acci dent prevention. "4. I congratulate all hands of the Naval Gun Factory on this noteworthy accomplish ment Dan A. Kimball'' None of these awards has been merited without the full cooperation of every em ployee of the plant and the diligent work of the safety engineer and his staff. Such programs as 100 per cent eye pro tection for all the employees of the Gun Factory, with eye correction included in their protective goggles, a system for the report ing and analyzing of every accident, with follow-up procedures to assure correction of the undesirable conditions; a safety indoc trination period' for each new employee; safety instructions for supervisors; the re view of all production projects to insure that safety engineering principles are in corporated in each operation; a program of shop safety committees and the enforcement of safety rules---all these things have been 16 General Sessions and Detailed Index to dll Volumes responsible for the Gun Factory's record in holding, accidents to a minimum, thereby in suring maximum defense production. I hope you will forgive me for bragging about my present duty station, but I have been so dose to it, have so admired the sportsmanship of everyone concerned in keeping this tremendous defense plant at top efficiency to serve die needs of the hour and to be prepared to meet the possible emergency of the future that I thought you would like to share with me my pride in die Gun Factory. I believe, having spent most of my life in the fidd of sports, that 1 can say this to you with all sincerity. No one has ever won a championship without years of hard practice, heart-breaking disappointments and such a profound determination to reach the goal he has set for himself, that there can be no obstacle too great to overcome. The same is true of a champion in the fidd you have chosen. Hard work, enthusiasm, deter mination and, above all, an indomitable will to win, will, in the long run make each one of you a champion to the men and women and their families to whose safety and well being you have dedicated your services. Ad I am de morning be the same. ] I was app< trator. On he did not job. Upon if he had would havi it" I thin! i The diffi and Feders between tin are very ii k on the roai on the fan and distur! frustrating, ones, twos worry the 1 don are tl hundreds o There ai National S about civil in the tide is the sau interested men, worm can happen farm or in other mean Safety is so long nx just faappe work for. working It similarity, interested i asm. We v facts on th try that tin of your ev and the j system or the Utopia realized, rii day living. i The thir i ' to recogni it Address by Millard Caldwell 17 Address By MILLARD CALDWELL Administrator, Federal Civil Defense Administration, Washington, D. C. I am delighted to be here with you tins morning because your objective and ours are the same. I am reminded a little bit of when I was appointed Federal Defense Adminis trator. One distinguished public officer said he did not believe I could accomplish that job. Upon being asked why, he said, "Well, if he had sense enough to do that job, he would have had too much sense to accept it" I think he probably has something; The difference between your organization and Federal Civil Defense is the difference between the retailer and the wholesaler. We are very interested in safety, whether it be on the road, in the home, in the schools or on the farm. The accidents that disturb you and disturb the rest of us and are most frustrating, are the accidents that come in ones, twos and threes. The accidents which worry the Federal Civil Defense Administra tion are the accidents which come in the hundreds of thousands. There are many clear reasons why the National Safety Council should be concerned about civil defense. Federal Gvil Defense in the cities and in the states, is safety. It is the same kind of safety that you are interested in, the protection of American m women and children. Accidents that Ja happen, whether on the home or on the farm or in the city, arising out of traffic or other means are involved. Safety is no accident as your slogan has so long made the public know. It doesn't just happen. It is something you have to work for. It is something you have to keep working for, and there again we have a similarity. In dial defense, we are not interested in a momentary burst of enthusi asm. We want the calm acceptance with die facts on the part of the people in this coun try that civil defense is now as much a part of your everyday life as the fire department and the police department, public school system or your churches. It is true until the Utopian dream of peace on earth is realized, civil defense is a part of your every day living. The thing that `we probably have failed to recognize in the last few years since 1945 is that the character of warfare has changed for the first time in the history of the world. Up to 1945, the wars were won or lost by the armies and navies in the field. Beginning with the dropping of the first atom bomb, the wars of the future will be won and lost by the people at home, and those people who are best informed, best organized best trained, are the people who will win the next war, while the people who are least informed, least well organized, least well-trained, are die ones who are going to lose the war. You may just as well accept the fact now, instead of when it is too late, that it makes not one particle of difference how big your air force is, how great your navy may be or what your ground forces may be. The mili tary cannot win the next major war unless it is supported by an informed public dedi cated to the business of maintaining produc tion and life in the cities, the congested areas, the industrial centers of this country. I think you may be interested in knowing what the best-informed people in this coun try, the best informed as to our military necessities have said about cavil defense. I won't go into any detail. . Even the most skeptical of you now know that Russia does possess the atom bomb. Most of you know that Russia has been for some time producing the atom bomb in increasing numbers, and it has enough to blast all the major cities in this country any time it wishes to do so, and that the dropping of (me atom bomb on a congested city such as Chicago, will produce more accidents, more casualties in the one accident; than all of the accidents from all of the causes in this country in one year. It will be very difficult for one atom bomb dropped on one of the cities in this country to produce as few as 90,000 deaths. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, speaking through General Bradley on Sep tember 4, just a month ago, had this to say: "While the Joint Chiefs of Staff feel that civil defense itself is not a military, but rather a civil responsibility, the armed forces in tire past supported and will continue to support the very important mission of civil 18 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes defense. If the worst should come, the entire military effort will be concentrated upon the primary mission of defeating the hostile armed forces. In the event of an attack upon the United States by enemy aircraft, our military forces will do every thing in their power to shoot down the enemy planes." The air force itself has said that under optimum conditions with the maximum of radar protection devices provided, installed and maimed (which will take another two years), and after all the thousands of air spotters have been enlisted and trained and put in their places of observation, after we have acquired the maximum of aircraft pro duction, and those aircraft have been put into operation, the most we can hope to do is to stop three out of ten attacking planes. Without going into detail there, I might add that probably none of those three out of the ten will have the atomic bombs in them. Continuing with General Bradley's state ment: "However, it is the opinion of the air force that should an attack come, a large percentage of enemy aircraft would probably be able to penetrate our defenses. Therefore, a competent, federal defense agency must be able to function in order to return our workers and our factories to maximum production and restore communications in the shortest possible time." What happens to the federal civil defense agency is not important It is what happens to your state, your city, and your local civil defense agency that will make the difference between winning and losing because all oper ating responsibility rests at the state, the city and the local leveL- Again continuing with General Bradley's statement: "There exists then, a requirement for an organization planned and set up beforehand to take over in the event of an emergency of this nature. If civil defense does not func tion effectively our defease efforts will be very adversely affected." That language, "If dvil defense does not function effectively, our defense efforts will be very severely, adversely affected," was by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and it has put the issue squarely up to us. General Bradley said, "An urgent and continuing necessity is dvil defense." It is a point of view that has been emphasized and should be empha sized by Secretary Acheson who recently succeeded General Marshall as Secretary of Defense. He justified that dvil defense "is a partner, a co-equal partner in national de fense." If another war breaks out, Russia knows that to win it must stop production. Second, it must demoralize the people in this coun try. And Russia knows that unless we have trained dvil defense organization throughout this country' that the bombing of the half dozen or a dozen or 25 major production centers will stop production and it will panic the public. And it knows, of course, that if the public is uninformed and untrained, that more people will die in the panic than will have been killed by the bomb. If the war starts, it will start with that sort of an attack. Secretary Finletter, testifying before the Senate Preparedness Committee not long ago, said, "Possible enemies of this country', ac cording to our best information, now have a substantial number of atomic weapons and also have the planes to carry these weapons in an attack on this country." We know Russia does have the atomic bomb and we do know they have over 500 tremendously big and powerful and wellmanned planes that can drop an A-bomb any where in the United States any time they want to. But, continuing, "Whether or not such an attack will be made can only be guessed at. But, for the purpose of our planning, we must assume that it will be made and must make our plans accordingly. It seems to me we should ready our dvil defense as we are readying our radar interceptor and aircraft defenses. Our policy as to dvil defense, I believe, should follow that policy and tills should be based on the sound, subject, j namely, that an attack may come and that i whatever the proper measures are to provide for the dvil defense of the nation in the event of such an attack should be put into ] effect as soon as possible." I don't know whether General Marshall I or Secretary Lovett or Secretary Finletter I or General Bradley are talking through their I hats or not It is the best source of informa tion I know. They are great men, all of | them. They are not given to crying wolf. They tel at this defense for mys right; ar more lik The P as there bombs tt gamble. This ma casualty tect you This is have a t of the ao and you c insure thi may be t preventing I say t are uninfc Address by Millard Caldwell 19 They tell you that this country is in danger at this time and they tell you that civil jdefense is necessary, and I say to you that for myself, I am convinced that they are right; and the sooner we start moving, the more likely we are to avoid such accidents. The President said not long ago, as long as there is a chance of any kind that atomic bombs may hall on our cities, we cannot gamble. We cannot be caught unprepared. This matter of civil defense is a sort of casualty policy that does more than to pro tect yon from the effects of an accident This is the only policy 1 know that will have a tendency to prevent the happening of the accident Yon insure your automobile and you collect if you have the accident You insure this country with civil defense and it may be that you collect extra dividends by preventing the accident I say that because as we stand now, we are uninformed, we are unorganized, we are untrained, and Russia knows this morning that it can blast this country and the morale of the people of this country with great benefit Russia also knows that when we inform tire 150 million American citizens of what can happen and what to do if it does happen, and when we organize some 15 to 17 million American citizens in the volunteer forces of civil defense and train them to take care of the immediate problems of the rescue; problems of the police and fire and all other phases of the work; that they cannot by any such attack either stop the industry or upset the morale of this na tion. And therefore, the faster we can move in our information program in the enlistment of intelligence and brawn in the civil de fense organization, in tire training of those people to do their job and do it effectively, the more rapidly do we reach that point where Russia will stop and think twice before it attempts to destroy this country by an atomic attack. \. \ i. 4 *jt . ii ) It- \; jr \\\ 20 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes Six Steps Ahead By NED H. DEARBORN President, National Safety Connell, Chicago It is time for plain talk. Yon and your fellow Americans have been warned over and over, time and again, against accidents. Yon have been politely advised what to & to prevent them. Hundreds of organizations have waged a persistent program of action to help you help yourselves. Thousands of news stories, special feature articles, editorials, and cartoons have for several years told the starlc tragedy of hu man waste and economic loss that come through needless accidents. Millions have heard the safety doctrine by way of radio, television, and motion pictures. All other media of public education are contributing generously of their space and time to your welfare. The best that can be said is that the* over-all accident rate has been reduced and that the results would be too horrible to contemplate if these widespread and con tinuing efforts had not been made. We still kill and maim young and old until any de cent-minded and thoughtful person must be sickened and shocked beyond words. Fm sickened and shocked but not yet beyond words. You have been advised that cooperation must be the baric method used in this im portant area of human, economic, and na tional welfare. Oh yes, I can truthfully compliment many of you on the gains made in cooperation during recent years. Gratify ing as the gains are; we are capable of much greater gains. But this is not a report of progress. That land of' a report has been made so often by so many that it has cur rently the effect of a bromide. This is a report on the gaps in our program of co operation. Those who believe in and strive for cooperation anil not take offense at what I shall say. Those whose personal or in stitutional selfishness keeps them from co operation may not enjoy this report They may even resent it Those unfortunate peo ple are more concerned wtih their own nar row and selfish purposes, prides, and prej udices, than in saving human brings from death and injury. But really I care not a whit what they think. Fm tired of bring polite to those within and without the Coun cil family who impede cooperation and thus contribute to our ghastly and disgraceful national aeddent record. So I will spell out in my simplest English the six steps in cooperation. And I shall draw heavily upon my own experience to print out the gaps in our program to date. The six steps are: (1) the establishment of the machinery for cooperation, (2) the start of the machinery, (3) proper use of the machinery, (4) belief in each other, (5) support for one another--financial and moral, and (6) constant hard woric toward full cooperation. Last year I tried to explain the nature of man as we in America see it I gave you a thumbnail sketch of the history of thought which resuited in the American concept of the individual man. In so doing I actually stated the fundamental concept, the nature of man as held in the United States and in all free countries; on which safety is based. I shall omit in this oral presentation the baric reasons for cooperation. In the record the explanation of why cooperation is a "must" will be printed as a postscript And now on with my very unpleasant doty of being mildly unpleasant in the face of a tragically unpleasant situation. Step One--The Machinery for Cooperation In 1947 we voted to revise our Constitu tion and By-Laws enabling us to set up Con ferences in the several fields of accident prevention. Choice of membership in a conference is your own prerogative. After the initial letters of invitation, your advice on Conference membership has always been honored, even though the invitations still bear my signature. Each Conference is com posed of representatives from leading public and private agencies. Each Conference has it in its power to be the National Safety Council in its special field--to be a COUN CIL in the best and truest sense of the word. The Conference is the mechanism through which cooperation can he realized. The first step was to obtain Conference members. We were dated by the response. Only two a invited. T they woulc rogatives. topus, the swallow tin membershii sister ager advantage. The Con sibility tha staff may " of tile Con he does n tend to th the Confer takes the competition cooperating is establisi benefit of : Step T< After ti Conference arrives, am members. 1 why some group. Th< One gets 1 a few, are the Nation: together. \ on the stall Or, to char building a i they reachi they trying country of ence meml ready a rr Council. S doubting t! the parade: hands are worthy. T other is ah only are si National S each others ing were it on the mail to bring al trust and b tors in this The next something ) Six Steps Ahead 21 Only two agencies declined among the scores invited. These two agencies were afraid would lose their identity, their preives. They were afraid that this oc- the National Safety Council, would swallow them. The irony is that Conference membership is a chance to cooperate with aster agencies in safety to their mutual advantage. The Conference system precludes the pos sibility that the National Safety Council staff may "run the show." Only the secretary of the Conference is a staff member, and if he does more than advise at times and tend to the chores, it can be charged to the Conference members. The Conference takes the National Safety Council out of competition and makes it only one of many cooperating agencies. Thus, the machinery is established and ready for the mutual benefit of all agencies. Step Two--Starting the Machinery After the Conference is established, a Conference meeting is scheduled. The day arrives, and so do most of the Conference members. It is a cause for wonder at times wliy some of them ever agreed to join the group. The net effect so far is discouraging. One gets the impression'that some people, a few, are quite skeptical of the motives of the National Safety Council in calling them together. What are these dubious characters on the staff up to? Are they fencing us in? Or, to change the figure of speech, are they aiding a tent over all other agencies? Are Jy reaching out for more power? Are they trying to control safety in this free country of ours? More irony. Each Confer ence member is, with few exceptions, al ready a member of the National Safety Council. So these skeptics in reality are doubting themselves--unless they entertain the paradoxical notion that their own hired hands are either incompetent or untrust worthy. Then their attitude toward each other is also perplexing: It seems they not only are skeptical about the motives of the National Safety Council, but suspicious of each others' motives. This would be amus ing were it not for the devastating results on the main job of the Conference--namely, to bring about cooperative action. Lack of trust and base suspicions are unworthy fac tors in tins great cause. The next Conferehce phenomenon is really something to watch. Each member reports what his agency is doing in accident pre vention. With no intention, I'm sure; of bring untruthful, the tale loses nothing in the telling. After one such meeting a mem ber who had been silent said to me: "We might as well go home and quit worrying. These folks are doing everything that can be done! There just can't be anything more to do!" Sardonic humor and more irony. All that is bring done is not enough- The aggregate effort may sound impressive when writ told. But separate efforts without unify, wtihout cooperation, are wasteful of time: money, and effort, and can even be down right harmful We must rise above our selves, if necessary, in this great humani tarian effort Step Three--Proper Use of the Machinery We have appeared before each Confer ence and tried to explain our policy of co operation and what cooperation in action programs actually means. We have said each organization's opportunity's and priv ileges are threefold in character. First the Conference should determine the size and seriousness of its problem. Secondly, through further discussion, it should reach the best decisions possible as to the several practical solutions to its problem. And lastly, the Conference members should agree among themselves what should be done, and what agency or agencies can best do what. We further stated that our staff would no longer deride by itself what activities or publications the staff would perform or pro duce. Each Conference would do that. We said that we hoped our staff members would present worthwhile, practical ideas, but that the Conference would deride whether our staff members conducted their own suggested programs or whether some other agency or agencies could conduct them more effec tively, or even whether the suggested pro grams should be postponed or dropped. So far as the National Safety Council is con cerned, there are only two limitations cm this procedure: (1) Our available funds to do what each Conference decides the staff should do, and {2) our general policy en titled "Safety In Action," formulated and made official by our Board of Directors, on which each Conference has three members of its own choice. This doctrine must have been really revo lutionary. It's quite dear some Conference 22 General Sessions and De.jUed Index to all Volumes members haven't believed what they heard or they haven't understood what is meant by cooperation. It would seem simple enough that if our staff members cooperate with other members of the Conference that other members should cooperate with diem. And equally important should cooperate with each other. Has this happened? Not nearly to the extent desirable or possible. Has each member brought bis projected plans or those of his organization to die discussion group, the Conference? Those who have are the exceptions and they have been so conspicuous as to be unique. Most of them bave kept right on peddling their own papers on their own paper routes. More irony. No person has a comer on good ideas, and I've never heard a proposed pro gram that couldn't be improved by free and understanding discussion. Besides, die agency would leave the Conference meeting with the blessing and good will of all the other agencies represented. Let's try more and more teamwork and win more and better ball games. We can if we will. Step Four--Belief in Each Other The next and urgent need is to strengthen our faith in each other. One of the basic tenets of democracy is that each of us has in him more good than bad. I believe that, implidty. Let's look for die good in our fellow Conference members. It's there to see, and if die good needs encouragement, letis not make believe it doesn't exist We could make a good start in Council action and nationally if we worked harder than we do at the following and similar dungs. In industry let's stir top manage ment to an active interest in safety--in die factory or business and outside of it There is clear cut evidence that this is necessary. When achieved it is effective. To cite a single example among many: this summer I presented a Distinguished Service to Safety Award to a certain railroad. Its improved acadent record began about five years ago with the advent of a new president and a new board chairman. That was more than coincidence. Let's encourage management and labor more than we do to work together in acci dent prevention. There is no moral justifi cation for either side carrying over into safety die differences, the distrust, the fear that has been too often engendered by ques tions of collective bargaining methods, wages, hours, pensions, and other working conditions. In safety management and labor surely have common interests. The Council's policy on this matter is crystal clear, and I have heard no dissent to it We our selves in the Council ranks might provide a good example. gan "Be car your own." mentary slof out for the takes may b< to chum it a vent acriden who made t! Let's sell safety to our schools and col best feature leges. This is a field where we are extremely the best new vulnerable. To most school people we are cartoon. Ev< still an "outside" agency. They still consider There is en< us in the same category as commercial agen work wondei cies. And so we are suspect But a good can and we r school program across the nation would be the greatest single force in die safety move ment And a single school generation would prove it In traffic safety, let's do two things. First, let's quite molly-coddling die incompetent or And final!} don of the earnestly sou group in an) a very real < be called hy disinterested public official. And (2) let's big word fo build public support groups in every village; human being! dty, county, and state in our land. They with an occt should be comprised of our most influential that it feds men and women. They will give support to a lessening ( conscientious and able public officers. gram and pui In this connection, let's quit bring diplo is designed t matic with a certain section of the public. rection and t I refer to the craxv traffic fools who drive the "select dr and walk on our streets and highways. This and the "sm group. I'm convinced, is a minority. Bat tion." The pi it is a menace to all decent-minded and in dote is humil telligently careful drivers and pedestrians. and a deterr These "crazy fools" don't keep their cars in humanity. good condition. They disobey the signs, We may n signals, and regulations of the road. They parted. We i speed. They zoom from one traffic lane to too awful ha another, and back again. The}' pass cars less noisy sot on curves and hills where it is impossible approve of y to see what is ahead. They take chances at But we won rail-highway crossings. They drink and movement if drive. They drive when they are tired or to undermine sleepy. They start late and hurry in des lead to coopei peration to reach their destination to save a respectable an few minutes for nothing. They are the We haven't a chronic ticket fixers. They show off. They merely have t are smart-alecky. And they disregard the We are simp fundamental rules of courtesy. I say these try harder, b people are "crazy traffic fools" and they should be made to feel the displeasure and There is a disapproval of all the rest of us. But the team with me rest of us must shed our cloak of apathy other team in and We show more civic courage than can, and one day we will. we do. pennant. The was "too mar {together as a Let's take a good look at ourselves. not very important who originated the It's slo enterprise wh< lives, human Six Stefs Ahead 23 gan "Be careful--the life you save may be your own." Or is it? Here is a supple'' Uary slogan for traffic safety: "Watch k /for the crazy traffic fool--the life he takes may be your own!" You are welcome to chum it as yours, just so it helps to pre vent accidents. It's not overly important who made the best speech, who wrote the best feature article, the best editorial, or the best news story, or who drew the best cartoon. Everybody's talent is what counts. There is enough talent in this audience to work wonders if only we willed it so. We can and we must And finally in this fourth step, the atten tion of the professional safety leaders is earnestly sought We warn them that any group in any area of human activity faces a very real danger of an infirmity. It may be called hyper-institutionalism. This is a big word for a common weakness among human beings. It means that a group lives with an occupation so long and so closely that it feels a prior chum to the field and a lessening compulsion to explain its pro gram and purposes to those whom the group is designed to serve. Just look in any di rection and note the "dosed corporations," die "select dubs," the "professional sanctity," and the "smugness of group self-satisfac tion." The preventive medicine or the anti dote is humility, faith in others, new blood, and a determination to continue to serve humanity. may not like the way your hair is A.ed. We may think you wear just too, too awful hats. We may wish you wore less noisy socks or neckties. We may dis approve of your language or your stories. But we would be disloyal to the safety movement if we permitted such prejudices to undermine our faith in you. Faith will lead to cooperation. Faith will, it is said on respectable authority (!), remove mountains. We haven't any mountains to remove. We merely have to make our Conferences work. We are amply trying to cooperate. Let's try harder, beginning today. There is a certain major league baseball team with more .300 butters on it than any other team in the league. It didn't win the pennant The reason most frequently given was "too many stars who didn't play well together as a team.",We are engaged in an enterprise where not a pennant; but human lives, human suffering, economic health, and national security are at stake. Let's build team work through cooperation, through faith in each other. We can do no less, and remain true to our trust Step Five--Support for One Another --Financial and Moral This deals with the "sordid" question of adequate financial support The National Safety Council at the moment .depends on corporation support to a very high degree. But that needs an explanatory note. Con tributions from corporations account for only one-sixth of our annual income and one-third of that comes indirectly through Foundations. The rest of our income is from dues and sale of materials, bought and de livered as any other service useful to busi ness and industry. Why the resistance to our appeal for corporate giving? Well, it's a new movement and there are many de mands upon corporations. The state and lo cal safety councils will tell the same story. But let's all increase and improve our re quests. In 1942 and 1943 the War Production Fund to Conserve Manpower was actually opposed by some industrial safety super visors on the ground that it would result in smaller budgets for their own business and industrial safety departments. Of course the exact opposite happened. When top ex ecutives became aware of the safety problem, they gave more attention and financial sup port to their own safety programs. Business executives properly insist that the base of support for accident prevention must be broadened. Well, it's being done, but it is a stow job. How many of you have dipped into your pockethooks to make a p-rsonal donation to your local or state safety council? I won't ask how many of you have done that for your National Safety Council. I'll tell you. We have exactly 583 individual memberships--and their dues are payments for service--not contributions. Our individual contributors should be numbered in the thousands, and those of state and local councils in the millions. Other causes, no more worthy, have such support. Our cause can too. Funds are necessary to organized effort Organization is necessary on a modest scale, at least to secure cooperation on a national, state or local level. Let's get adequate fi nancial support and at the same time get 24 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes other agencies to spend their own funds on These examples point to the useless trag their parts of the total accident prevention edy of it all. And because of countless inci program. The two goals are thoroughly dents like these, we must never, never lose consistent with each other. Cooperation is right of our purposes. They are high and a two-way street. noble purposes, and they deserve our ever We have discussed the first five steps: (1) establishing the machinery for coopera tion. (2) starting the machinery, (3) use lasting best No littleness of any kind what soever must alter cmr determination to win the big struggle against accidents. j of the machinery, (4) belief in each other, There is a quotation I like from Booker and (5) support for each other--financial T. Washington. It is this: "I will allow no and moral. Steps Four and Five are still man to drag me down so low as to make me largely in the theoretical but. potentially hate him." Here is another way to say it: practical state. But for a consideration of "I shall ever strive to rise to that plane Step Six let's regard them as realities. where love for my fellow man governs my Step Six--Constant Determination and Hard Work Toward Full Cooperation every thought and act" With such ideals, we should one day know the glories of co operation. Then thine and mine shall be So now we have the cooperative groups. an eternal reward--the divine blessing, "Well They have accepted cooperation as the ideal done, thou good and faithful servant . . ." method in accident prevention. Distrust is replaced by whole-hearted, unified action. Postscript They have faith in each other because they have faith in a job worth doing. They have adequate financial and moral support. There was one paragraph in my report, a year ago which is so baric to safety work, that it bears constant recollection. I shall Each .step-all five of them--will be of quote it without philosophical history. little avail unless the last one is taken. It is a constant rededication, a renewed con secration to the reduction of human suffer ing first of all, and, next, renewed conse cration to tiie reduction of economic and national losses. No one can view with equanimity the "Our concept of an individual human be ing is an interesting composite. He has sense perceptions, related to each other, and to things about him. He is a knowing crea ture and so indulges in abstract and creative thought He has a will and so exercises con siderable control, especially over the inani bruised, broken, bleeding and lifeless victim mate aspects of his environment He is a of an accident I employ a yard* man at rationalist, and so he is importantly influ home. He lost both feet and a finger in a enced by invention and discovery. He takes steel mill accident He still works in the progress for granted. He has a soul and so steel null and he does the work of two is guided by a deep and 'strong faith in a ordinary laborers in oar yard. He is cheer metaphysical life. He is not a superman, is ful and willing and takes great pride in his workmanship. The latter point is priceless to our economy and to progress. What would that man have accomplished had be retained all his physical powers! not a super leader, and does not believe in a super state: His powers to think rationally, to create, and to control do not take an assertive, aggressive form. He Is moral, beneficent; tolerant; independent; free, peace I know a young woman who was facially ful, and industrious. The American ideal, in disfigured for life in a home accident She short; is the good man." is embittered, unhappy, and a psychopathic case. Her life is, in any comparative sense, almost useless. You and your loved ones, your friends and neighbors, your fellow countrymen, your fel low men, so defined are eminently worth Recently in New York a mother tele saving. Each one should be protected against phoned me. She said she fully agreed with accidents, disease; disaster, and 'any other what I say about accident prevention, but misfortune that endangers or impairs his that I bad consistently omitted one point maximum effectiveness as a responsible She said that her son was killed in a traf member of society. Our strength as a nation fic accident and that she was "killed" too. and our usefulness among the peoples of the She meant, of course, that her zest for life world are directly proportionate to the went with her beloved son. strength and usefulness of each of us as individual i portance ol oi accident I want a emphasis at eral metho< be made m repeatedly dple of co< Webster act or open to concur would seen gether is acceptable: of this sim ficult Primitive within rati vidualmem for day-byhostile trib other tribe: cooperated As popu quence, tri into city-sfc --cooperati tions. Cap states coop* fear and i sense of groups. V traceable ii Expedien cooperation out human violence w ambitions : tions to fo operation. Political our day ar highest ter interests o mutual bet tions; in i table; for . or nations justifiable: Nature ] operation, for examp each is ha even thoug is for ther Six Steps Ahead 25 I want at this time to stress with all the emphasis at my command the principal gen* eral method by which work in safety can be made most effective I refer, as I have repeatedly for nearly a decade, to the prin ciple of cooperation. Webster says that "cooperate" means "to act or operate jointly with another or others; to concur in action, effort or effect" It would seem that the idea of working to gether is so simple as to be universally acceptable. On the contrary, the application of this simple principle is complex and dif ficult Primitive tribes exemplify cooperation within rather severe limits. Their indi vidual members cooperated among themselves for day-by-day living, for protection against hostile tribes, and for making war against other tribes. Sometimes two or more tribes cooperated for the second and third reasons. As population increased and, in conse quence, tribes grew in size; for example, into city-states in Ancient Greece and Egypt --cooperation continued with notable varia tions. Captives from conquered tribes or states cooperated with their captors; but from fear and necessity rather than from any sense of loyalty to their new governing groups. Variations of this character are **aceable in history to the modern nations. Expediency in economic affairs leads to cooperation on a limited scale but through out human record cooperation gave way to violence when economic greed and selfish ambitions for power impelled states or na tions to foresake the paths of peaceful co operation. Political alliances and trade agreements of our day are a form of cooperation which in highest terms are maintained for the best interests of humanity; in lesser terms, for mutual benefits to groups of states or na tions; in realistic , terms; sometimes regret table, for protection against opposing states or nations; and in basest terms; for un justifiable and selfish aggression. Nature produces examples of limited co operation. Ants work together, and bees, for example, but the social organization of each is hardty'a model for human brings even though both may be credited with what is for them good results. An ant or a bee falls considerably short of our description of an individual human being. It may even be held that nature enables plant Ufe to cooperate in propagation. Family life, as we know it, is a better example of cooperation than we can find elsewhere for our purposes. Devotion to an ill or crippled member of the family, sacri fice for the future welfare of our children, labor to provide food, clothing and shelter for our beloved, and efforts to protect the family name are typical of family coopera tion. This is based on the keenest form of group loyalty. The elders and die youth of a family plan and work together for the welfare of each not only because of "blood" ties, but because each member is important as an individual and consequently as one of the family group. In varying degrees these values find ex pression in neighborhood, community, state; and national action. In religious, political, and economic areas. And, in nationality background, racial and other cultural inter ests. So in many areas of American life, we have social cohesion or cooperation as an actuality. It seems quite consistent in a free society to find cooperation in some aspects of group life and competition in others. They are both traceable to the original nature of man but for good or evil they depend on man's rea soning. His instincts to live; Le, for food, clothing, shelter, other possessions, protec tion against foes of any kind, are good only so far as motives and methods are good. His instincts and impulses which lead to aggression and combativeness are good so long as they do not harm others. It is ob vious that man by nature finds cooperation and competition consistent in group life if defensible values are sought in a logical way. Cooperation in accident prevention is or ganized effort on a grand scale for protec tion against death, injury, economic loss, and national weakness. We have seen the results of competition among agencies, where each was clamoring for public credit, where each representative was ruthlessly striving for the center of the stage and the spot light It wasn't a pretty picture. Only a sadist or someone with a sardonic sense of humor could be amused by the continuous destruction of life and property which com petition in safety failed to reduce. n 26 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes We have also seen enough examples of cooperation to know that results are ex tremely gratifying. And when cooperation is at its best, we know that acmfents are markedly reduced. There is indeed some room for competi tion in safety. The motives and methods can never differ, however, from our central purposes. We might compete ethically, of course, for competent personnel. We might compete for ingenuity, excellency, and ef ficacy of action programs. For efficient and effective discharge of our assignments in the fields of accident prevention. For su perior achievement within comparable groups. And especially, we might compete with our own records to die end that the accident curve ever tended downward and sharply so. These illustrations merely indicate some healthy forms of competition. Reason guid ing our natural instincts and impulses makes cooperation the overwhelming favorite as the governing principle of action In safety work. "In union there is strength." "We must hang together or we shall surely hang separately." "United we stand; divided we falL" These quotations seem happily per tinent to our own future efforts in accident prevention. This principle of cooperation was made official National Safety Council policy on October 19, 1948 when the Board of Di rectors formally approved "Safety in Ac tion," in which are embodied these words: "We are a council in the true sense of the word--a cooperative association of groups and individuals working together for the conduct of safety activities, both separately and jointly." The difficult and complex task of applying our cardinal principle lies in large measure ahead of us. This can be, must be, and will be done. . Motion pic of the Sic The mag Safety Cot dons is sot The const! death rate back in 19! complishme groups thro lessly to e the day m die frustrai through ac< a figure tl of general ing shock : that job is share, and role I have Everyone Council by Green Cros offices, fac country. E people don' that enables shadow it citizens anc You peo: safety and part of you I wouldn't taking it up ing a subje experts. First of i I'm a prett happen to l the public, radio micro camera or ordinary ir believe in love very n BQ Banquet 27 Address By ROBERT YOUNG Motion picture actor; Star of network radio program "Father Knows Best?*; Recipient of the Sloan Award and the National Safety Council's Public Interest Award for exceptional service to safety in 1950. The magnificent record of the National Safety Council and its member organiza tions is something we can all be proud of. The constant reduction in the accidental death rate since the Counci! was organized back in 1913 is, in itself, a tremendous ac complishment, and with nearly 8,000 member groups throughout the world working cease lessly to extend that record even farther, the day may not be too far distant when the frustrating, wasteful loss of human life through accidental death will be reduced to a figure that is an encouraging indication of general vigilance rather than a stagger ing shock to the layman. To be a part of that job is a privilege that all of you people share; and I am grateful for the very small role I have been able to play. Everyone, of course, knows the Safety Council by record and reputation. The 'Veen Cross is a familiar symbol in homes, jces, factories and streets all over the wduntry. But it is. unfortunate that more people don't take the time to look behind that emblem--to see the huge, ever-growing shadow it casts as its stands between our citizens and disaster. You people are experts in your fieldsafety and safety education are an integral part of your careers. You may wonder, and I wouldn't blame you, just why an actor is taking it upon himself to talk to you regard ing a subject on which you are the qualified experts. First of all, let's get a few things straight I'm a pretty ordinary fellow, except that I happen to be in a business where I confront the public, or vice versa, from behind a radio microphone; from in front of a movie camera or from under a spotlight Fm ordinary in the fact that I like lads and believe in them. I have a family that I love very much. That's pretty ordinary, too. And I spend a great deal of time thinking about my family and its future--just as you do. I want my youngsters to have fun and to grow up happily, without major problems. But I also want to instill in them a sense of responsibility toward their own welfare and the welfare of others, so that they will survive the many dangers of everyday exist ence and stay well and sound to enjoy the kind of life I dream of for them. So, as an ordinary guy I have the same ordinary reasons for bring concerned with the problems of traffic safety that everybody else has. I don't pretend to be an expert on the sub ject of highway safety. But I have had the opportunity dining the past two years of working in close cooperation with men and women who are experts. And, like them, I have come to believe that traffic accidents create the most serious, useless waste of dux'' modern-day firing. As an actor, I have had an unusual ad vantage when it comes to doing something about this problem. That's where the unordinary side of my fife comes in. This ad vantage stems from the very nature of my work which is to gain the listening ears of as marry people as possible; in the widest area possible, and from among as many age groups as posable. Both my radio and my motion picture work bring me in touch with millions of people. That is why the Inter-Industry Highway Safety Committee approached me a couple of years ago vyith the suggestion that the network show, "Father Knows Best," might be an excellent vehicle to help put across to the people of the country, both youngsters and their parents, the challenge of improv ing that appalling record of deaths on the highways, which last year alone involved 28 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes 11,700 drivers between fifteen and twentyfour. I'll admit that I was skeptical at first I couldn't readily see how statistics on traf fic accidents could become a useful part of a straight entertainment program. Especially one with a light comedy format I was assured that statistics, as such, were not a part of the plan, that the Committee believed that a program spotlighting the fortunes and misfortunes of an average American family could, with effectiveness and without preach ing, remind other average American families of the urgency of the traffic-toll situation. This, they felt, could be done as an inte grated part of our "Father Knows Best" stories, wherein the members of the makebelieve family could discuss safe driving in a natural, interesting manner. The Commit tee also asked us to tell the public about its Man-to-Man and Dad-to-Daughter agree ments, which, as you know, are pledges be tween parents and youngsters to abide by right baric driving rules. Since the inception of this nation-wide drive to help teen-agers help themselves to greater safety on toe road, we have had inquiries, letters and requests for Man-toMan agreements from well over three mil lion people! Some of toe letters contain helpful com ments cm the development of toe campaign; some of them are from parents who report successful local campaigns' among young drivers in their communities, and many of them are from civic leaders and organiza tions who are rising the IIHSC pattern for intensive safety drives in their cities and towns. Some of them are from irate young driv ers themselves. Let me say right here that I do not be lieve (and neither do toe experts) that young drivers are bad drivers. Dozens of youngsters wrote me, with pardonable indig nation, that they bad been driving for several years without a angle accident or traffic violation. One young correspondent asked: "Why do you group all teen-agers together and make us all to blame for*the bad record? Some of us are better drivers than our riders!" It is absolutely true that roost of our kids are potentially good, competent drivers. But ironically enough, that very fact is partly responsible for their misfortunes on toe road They are such good drivers that they take chances and try road tricks that the older drivers would never dare attempt A car is still something of a plaything to a lot of youngsters. Because of their youth, they rely on quick reflexes, superior coordination and trustful optimism. But the driver of toe car next in line, or the one coming down the road ahead, may not be possessed of all these advantages. Every year more automobiles bid for space on our crowded streets and highways. The highway engineers are doing a remarkable job, but they can't possibly keep up with the astounding growth of toe country's motoring population. Believe me, I see this every day in my borne town of Los Angeles, which claims more automobiles per capita than any other city in the country. We are very proud of the fact that Los Angeles has twice won first place in toe Safety Council's traffic in ventory for cities of one million inhabitants and over. We are proud of toe record of our engineers, of increased public support of safety programs, of toe fact that our acci dent rate is on a slow but steady decline. But we also know that the hazards are increasing every year and, therefore, the problem be comes harder to keep up with. Every year, too, two million youngsters come of driving age in toe United States. All of these natu ral results of growth increase toe problems of safeguarding lives on our highways. Driving; in this mechanical age, has become; like everything rise; a mass undertaking. Speed is exciting; There's no doubt about it I can remember when I was a youngster and just as cracked on toe subject of getting toe fastest mile out of a Model T as teen agers are today. It goes naturally with toe enthusiasm and ingenuity of youth.. They want to do everything fast; and that includes growing up. They're curious, they're impa tient; they're smart, they're creative. These kids of ours are wonderful, you know. I realize this is neither an original nor an unusual thought--but I think it should be said out loud, often and proudly, not just taken for granted. My enthusiasm for youth is partly due to toe fact that mine is long past--partly due to my interest and pride in my own daughters, and partly to toe never-ending surprises that come from just observing ltids in general. American resource.. what a treat You knov touring toe school your during toe dents invoh my eldest d sonalcontac limited up tirriy to tl kind. And, to cope will plenty scan face whole youngsters, worse stage I went cm thing I w; seriousness gave me a knees. I e of spoil-sp< to deliver. ! surprised, i spit-balls b to echo. I undere I won't m shall do ev other adult corned me they listen* what I hat find some ] problem. 1 attitude coi pressure. 1 just ialkint home with miration ti or at least I wanted remained t my opinion citizens am will solve t intelligent!} I learned mindful ol those of to are somek improving in their e minority. Address by Robert Young 29 American youth is our greatest natural TOurce___our most natural resource. And at a treasure it 1st You know, last year I spent several weeks touring the country and talking with high school youngsters about the problem of re ducing the appalling toll of highway acci dents involving that age group. Except for my eldest daughter and her friends, my per sonal contact with teen-agers had been rather limited up to that time--limited almost en tirely to the bobby-sox, autograph-seeking land. And, believe me, they're something to cope with. I don't mind telling you I was plenty scared when I learned that I was to face whole assembly halls full of high school youngsters. I don't think I have ever had worse stage fright I went on tins tour with a message--some thing I was pretty upset about and the seriousness of it was the only thing that gave me courage to overcome my quaking knees. I expected to be received as a hind of spoil-sport, an old gaffer with a lecture to deliver. I wouldn't lave been die least bit surprised, in those first few seconds, if the spit-balls had begun to fly and the cat-calls to echo. I underestimated them, those youngsters. I won't make that mistake again, and I shall do everything in my power to see that other adults don't make it The kids wel comed me with flattering hospitality, and f >y listened with interest and courtesy to _Jat I had to say. They were anxious to find some practical solution to tins accident problem. Their ideas were excellent, their attitude constructive and their sincerity im pressive. ' They taught me right there that just talking is not enough. They sent me home with something of their own deter mination to get with it and do something, or at least find some plan for action. I wanted to teach them something, and I remained to learn a great deal. I confirmed my opinion that most kids are pretty reliable citizens and that, given half a chance, they will solve their own problems and solve them intelligently. I learned that our youngsters are not un mindful of their faults and excesses and those of their companions. Naturally, there are some, kids who don't seem to care about improving their lot, who seem to take pride in their escapades. But they ate in the minority. American kids have a lot of pride. They are born to it, and this great country nur tures the kind of proudness that malms them want to walk with their heads high. It's a good land of pride when properly used. This, I believe, is our best weapon against teen-age tragedy--the pride and enthusiasm of the kids themselves. I don't think we are using it to greatest advantage. There are many ways to im prove that use. I think sometimes we adults make a mis take in assuming that we must solve our youngsters' problems for them, or, at least, tell them how to do it There is a difference between guidance and interference. The first is appreciated by young people. The latter is resented. It ruffles that special pride. There are many instances on record where groups of young people have taken a youth problem into their own hands and, with a minimum of add from their riders hut a maximum of encouragement, have solved it with dispatch and courage. Reckless driving among youngsters is not just a safety hazard. It is a youth problem. And it can be treated, I believe, in the same manner that other youth problems are han dled. Naturally, we can't just stand and let our teen-agers become entangled in the complex ities of growing up and not offer a helping hand. But we can keep that helping hand open, not tighten it into the fist of disci pline and threat Sometimes it gets pretty discouraging. Sometimes it seems that all the efforts of parents and educators to instill high stand ards and appreciation of the right way have failed. Youthful hunger for excitement, the lure of the new and seemingly exotic, the yen to be a hero would seem to outweigh the mundane existence of bring a good kid. But not for long. I learned, during these safety discussions with high school students, that they don't really admire the flashy, reckless driver. They may admire his nerve for the moment, but, at heart, they think he's pretty un-smart. When they realize that this same land of nerve can be put to constructive work, that the same land of creative energy can be used to build a better community, a more progressive school, a safer kind of life, they (f \\ i { . i i t 30 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes ' look upon it with increased respect and set nancial restrictions, lack of personnel and about harnessing it to their own use. other problems. In a great many communi The accident rate among our young driv-/ ties, automobile dealers have stepped in and ers is now steadily on the decline. It is stilt offered the use of cars for this training. In far, far too high. It would be too high if other towns, local organizations whose proj one youngster was lolled or crippled. But ect is the promotion of safety have made it at least, progress is bring made. their duty to supply automobiles for school This has been done partly through the efforts of adults in charting campaigns rimed directly at reducing the roll of that age group, by safety experts and educators. But largely it has been accomplished by the kids themselves. Once the problem was pointed out to them in realistic terms and they were asked to do something about it; they pitched in. use. If it is possible to do it, this program of education should be increased. Nothing is quite as effective in the training of a good driver as proper instruction at the very beginning. It isn't enough that parents and friends are always willing to act as teachers, because sometimes those parents and friends are not very good drivers themselves, and they transmit their faults to the beginner. In manyr communities, dubs have been Then it's up to the traffic experts to break formed where youngsters learn how to main tain cars in the best mechanical shape and how to drive them at the peak of safety and efficiency. For boys and girls who are addicted to incurable "speed-drophobia," rac ing associations have been formed, super vised by safety officials and located in areas like the Mojave Desert of California where traffic hazards do not exist and the terrain those habits and instill new ones--a waste of time and money. We must make safety attractive. We must make the safe way the appealing way, and we'.ve got lots of competition. But of course, the prize that is the natural reward for caution is a big one--longer life and the ability to enjoy it. is suitable to speed driving. The smartest people aren't necessarily the Officials' dories and professional raring regulations are rigorously enforced, and the kids can satisfy their zest for speed with a minimum of danger. This is an example of putting that youthful pride to work in a constructive -way. How much better it is to encourage a lad to stand out above the crowd because he has the best car and drives it most efficiently rather than because he can pass all other cars on the road and scare the daylights out of doddering pilots like you and me! ones who get there first, but the ones who get there. And our youngsters hive lots of places to go. Traffic court judges and officials can be of immeasurable aid in this campaign against youthful traffic tolL A few extra minutes, a little special attention, some thought-pro voking words, and the young traffic violator goes home with a sense of renewed respon sibility, a healthy respect for the law and an understanding that its purpose is to pro* tect him, not to punish him. He doesn't just plunk down DatTs five or ten backs and go Driver-training courses in the schools are out to outsmart tile cops. The traffic officers becoming a growing part of the curriculum, in our communities; by their attitude; can and they, to my mind, are the most effective teach and encourage as well as discipline. weapon we have. It's a personal challenge to all ages, this I have visited several of these classes in business of saving our youth. And it's a the Los Angeles area, and I came away with personal responsibility. It can't be charged a feeling almost of dedication to the idea that all schools should have them. Our Cali fornia law states that all students of high school age must have a course in driver education. It's a good law. off to the safety experts alone, to the par ents, to the schools, or to the kids alone. Like everything else in our way of life; this is a team job, a common challenge. And the reward is the future, waiting to be built Unfortunately, it is not always possible with hope and happiness and peaceful attain to combine the classroom work with actual ment by this most natural resource--our behind-the-wbeel instruction, because of fi American youth. Alpl Acme Pro Gas Ma Advance ( All Typ Aetna Lifii Safety a Alan Woo Abrasivi All Ameri Power I American Abrasivi American Chains, mgs; AmericaaFire Prt American Head, Produ Ampco M< Safety ' Ansul Che Ansul E Arcadia N Plastic < Bashlin, V Linemei Bausch & Safety C Best, Alfn Safety ] Bradley V Group 1 Brady, W. Self-Stii Breck, Jol Industri Browrfe, S Electric sion I Safety Exposition Exhibitors /1 .. - .-- i . EXHIBITION HALL--STEVENS HOTEL CASINO ROOM--CONGRESS HOTEL Alphabetical List of Exhibitors of Industrial and Public Safety Equipment Acme Protection Equipment Co., Chicago, HI. Gas Masks Exclusively. Advance Glove Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich. All Types of Work Gloves, Safety Gloves and Leather Safety Clothing. Aetna Life Affiliated Companies, Hartford, Conn. Safety and Health Services for Employees, Both On and Off the Job. Alan Wood Steel Co., Conshohocken, Pa. Abrasive Rolled Steel Floor Plate. All American Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, 111. Power Press Guards; Safety Engineering Surveys; Consultants. American Abrasive Metals Co., Irvington, N. J. Abrasive Metals, Paints, Coatings, Non*Sldd Grating for Safe Walkways. American Chain & Cable Co., Inn, Bridgeport, Conn. Chains, Cable and Wire Rope of Various Kinds and Sizes; Steel and Malleable Cast ings; Brakes and Brake Controls; Cranes, Hoists, Valves and Fittings. American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp., Elmira, N. Y. Fire Protection and Fire Fighting Equipment. American Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. Head, Eye and Respiratory Protective Devices, Safety Clothing and Safety Specialty Products. Ampco Metal, Inn, Milwaukee, Wis. -^Safety Tools Fabricated from Ampco Metal, Ampco Beryllium-Copper and Monel, iisul Chemical Co, Fire Extinguisher Dim, Marinette, Wis. Ansul Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishing Equipment. Arcadia Mfg. Co, Birmingham, Mich. Plastic Coated Gloves and Aprons for Industry* Bashlin, W. M, Co., Grove City, Pa. Linemen's Safety Equipment. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co, Rochester, N. Y. Safety Glasses and Safety Eyewear for Every Occupational Requirement. Best, Alfred M, Co, Inc, New York, N. Y. Safety Maintenance and Production; Best's Safety and 'Maintenance Directory. Bradley Washfountain Co, Milwaukee, Wis. Group Washing Equipment. Brady, W. H, Co, Chippewa Falls, Wis. Self-Sticking Safety Signs, Pipe Markers and Special Markers and Signs. Breck, John H, Inc, Springfield, Mass. Industrial Hand Cleaner; Hair and Scalp Preparations. Browife, Stewart R, Mfg. Co, New York, N. Y. Electrical Safety Equipment, Flashlights, Explosive-Proof and Vapor-Proof Exten sion Lights. 32 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Buhrke, R. H, Co, Chicago, HL Safety Equipment for Construction and Maintenance. Bullard, E. D, Co, San Francisco, Calif. Personal Safety Devices for Industry. Canfield Oil Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Oil Absorbents. Chance, A. B, Co, Centralia, Ho. Transmission and Distribution Equipment. Chemical Service of Baltimore, Baltimore, Md. Waxes, Soaps, Cleaners, Disinfectants and Chemical Specialties. Chemical Specialties, Inc, Springfield, Hass. Industrial Hand Creams and Cleansers. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Chicago, HL Head and Eye Protective Equipment. Columbus Glove Mfg. Co, Columbus, Ohio. Coated Gloves and Aprons. Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp, Tonawanda, N. Y. Herc-Alloy Sling Chains. C-O-Two Fire Equipment Co, Newark; N. J. Carbon Dioxide and Dry Chemical Extinguishers, Systems, Smoke Detectors. Cunningham, ML E. Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Marking Tools. Davis Emergency Equipment Co, Inc, Newark, N. J. Respiratory Protection, Combustible Gas Indicators, General Safety and First Aid Equipment. Deter Watchclock Corp, New York; N. Y. Watchmen's Clocks and Accessories. Diamond Hatch Co, Springfield, Hass. Book Matches for Safety Advertising and Sates Promotion Campaigns. Diversey Corp, Chicago, DL Industrial Maintenance and Cleaning Chemicals. Dockson Corp, Detroit, Mich. Goggles Face Shields, Welders, Helmets, Respirators. Dow Coming Corp, Midland, Mich. Cleaning Stations for Dispensing Silicone Treated Sight Saver Tissues. Dunn Products, Chicago, HiProtective Clothing for Industrial Workers Made from Asbestos, Leather, Rubber, Neoprene and Fire-Proofed Duck. Duo-Safety Ladder Corp, Oshkosh, Wis. Safety Ladders, Fire Ladders, Ladder Shoes. Eagle-Picher Sales Co, Cincinnati, Ohio. Eagle-Picher Industrial Floor Dry #85. A heavy duty, anti-skid, light reflecting absorbent for plant safety and maintenance. Edmont Mfg. Co, Coshocton, Ohio. Coated Fabric Work Gloves. Elliott Service Co, Inc, Mt Vernon, N. Y. Accident Prevention Displays; Safety Conference Programs; Supervisor's Bulletin; Bulletin Boards. Embosograf Corp. of America, New York, N. Y. Sign Making Equipment, Safety Posters, Displays, Directory Signs. Emerson, J Resuscits Fairfield G Industrie Feudal! Co Head an< Finnell Sys Floor Mi Franklin jR Anti-Slip Gro-Cord I Gro-Cort Hlld Floor Floor CI Hillyard Cl Floor Tr terials. Homer & 1 Rolon Ti Hy-Test Di Hy-Test Industrial ( Finger G tectors, Insto-Gas ( Underwri Intoximetei Sales and Iron Age D Complete Junkxa Safe Junkin I: and Sp Justrite Hfj Safety Cs tinguisl Karel First Industrial ments. Kearney, Ja Line Too! Keystone V Original 1 Kidde, Wall Fire Prob Kimball Sai Goggles, < Klein, Hath Linemen'* Uggc, Wal Safety Fli sonnel. Transactions, 1951 National Safety Congress 33 Emerson, J. EL, Co., Cambridge, Mass. Resuscitators and Other Emergency Breathing Equipment Irfield Glove Co., Fairfield, Iowa. Industrial Gloves and Mittens. Fendall Co, Chicago, EL Head and Eye Protection Equipment Finnell System, Inc, Elkhart, IncL Floor Maintenance Machines. Franklin Research Co, Philadelphia, Pa. Anti-Slip Floor Maintenance Materials. Gro-Cord Rubber Co, lima, Ohio. Gro-Cord, Raw-Cord and Neo-Cord Soles, Heels and Taps. Hild Floor Machine Co, Chicago, EL Floor Cleaning and Maintenance Equipment and Supplies. Halyard Chemical Co, St Joseph, Mo. Floor Treatments, Building Maintenance, Sanitation Products, Equipment and Ma terials. Homer & Robertson, Inc, Denver, Colo. Rolon Tire Chains. Hy-Test Diva!, International Shoe Co, St Louis, Mo. Hy-Test Anchor Flange Steel Toe Safety Shoes. Industrial Gloves Co, Danville, EL Finger Guards, Supergards, Wovengards, Handgards, Gloves, Mittens, Arm Pro tectors, Protective Apparel, Leggings. Insto-Gas Corp, Detroit Mich. Underwriters' and Factory Mutual Approved Torches and Furnaces. Intoxhneter Assn, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Sales and Service of Equipment to Determine Degree of Alcoholic Influence. Iron Age Divn, H. Childs & Co, Inc, Pittsburgh, Pa. Complete Line Leather and Rubber Industrial Safety Footwear for Men and Women. Tmkin Safety Appliance Co, Louisville, Ky. junkin Interlocking Barrier Guard; Swinging Die Closure; Electro-Lock Shield - and Splint Type Stretcher. Justrite Mfg. Co, Chicago, EL Safety Cans, Oily Waste Cans, Safety Electric Lanterns, Flashlights and Fire Ex tinguishers. Karel First Aid Supply Co, Chicago, EL Industrial Hospital Supplies and Equipment, Drugs, Dressings, Furniture, Instru ments. Kearney, James R, Corp, St. Louis, Mo. Line Tools for Linemen in Handling Energized Wires. Keystone View Co, MeadviHe, Pa. Original Binocular Visual Screening Tests for Industry. Kidde, Walter & Co, Inc, Belleville, N. J. Fire Protection and Extinguishing Equipment. Kimball' Safety Products Co, Cleveland, Ohio. Goggles, Gloves, Safety Clothing and Other Safety Equipment. Klein, Mathias & Sons, Chicago, EL linemen's Tools and Equipment Legg& Walter G, Co, Inc, New York, N. Y. Safety Floor Polishes, Conductive Floor Coating, Static Grounding Device for Per sonnel. 34 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Allentown, Pa. Leather Safety Box Toe Shoes and Rubber Boots. I Osborn 1 I Safety Lightfoot Schultz Co., New York, N. Y. I Pac-Kit < Granulated Skin Cleansers, Lotion, Bar Soap and Dispensers. I First A Lincoln-Schlneter Floor Machinery Co., Chicago, Ilk I Packwoo Industrial Vacuum Machines, Floor Scrubbers and Polishers, Scarifiers and Auto* I PAXS Scrubbers. I Patent S< Logan Mfg. Co., Glendale, Calif. I Gold l Emergency Showers, Industrial Shower Room Equipment. Steel Louisville Metal Products Co, Inc., Louisville, Ky. H Positive! Aluminum Ladder and Scaffolding Products. Luther Mfg. Co., Inc, Olean, N. Y. Power Press Guards. MacWhyte Company, Kenosha, Wis. Wire Rope and Braided Wire Rope Slings, Fittings and Cable Assemblies. Magline, Inc, Pinconning. Mich. Magnesium Safety and Materials Handling Equipment. Magnaflnx Corp, Chicago, HL Magnaflux Equipment for Maintenance, Safety and General Inspection. Marsh & McLennan, Lie, Chicago,-HI. Insurance Brokers and Agencies. Martindalc Electric Co, Cleveland, Ohio. Protective Dust Mask, Electric Testing and Indicating Instruments. Masury-Young Co, Boston, Mass. Safety Floor Treatment and Maintenance Materials. McAn, Thom, Safety Shoe Divn, Melville Shoe Corp, New York, N. Y. Thom McAn Safety Shoes. McDermott, Julian A, Corp, Corona, L. L, N. Y. Warning, Work, Safety Lighting for Industrial, Utility Aviation Use. McDonald, B. F, Co, Los Angeles, Calif. Industrial Safety Appliances and Clothing. Medical Supply Co, Rockford, HL MSCo Flexible Unit First Aid. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co, New York, N. Y. Educational Publications and Materials Dealing With Safety. MQbura Co, Detroit, Mich. Ply Protective Creams, Ply Garb Plastic Clothing, Ply Gloves, Plastic Work Gloves. Miller Equipment Co, Inc, Franklin, Pa. Linemen's and Industrial Safety Belts. Protectos Safety Pulmosan Industr Pyrene M FirePr Racine G1 Gloves, Randolph Dioxide Reece Wc Reece " Rich Labe First Ai Rocfcwood Nozzles Rose Mfg. Industri Safety Clo Safety C Safety Pin Dry Che Safety Fin Safety S Safway St* Scaffold! Salisbury, 7 Linemen Sani-Mist, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Equipment for Every Industry. Athlete's Schrader's, Multi-Clean Products, Inc, St. Paul, Minn. Floor Maintenance Equipment and Materials. Pneumat Scott Aviat National Safety Council, Chicago, HL Scott Air Occupational Hazards, Inc, Cleveland, Ohio. Publishers. Sdlstrom 1 Face and OQ-Dri Corp. of America, Chicago, HL Oil and Grease Absorbents. Sentry Shot Safety T< Onox, Inc, Sac Francisco, Calif. Onox Skin Tougbener for Athlete's Foot Prevention. Spencer Tu Portable i Equipment. Packwood, G. H, Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Mo. PAX Safety Industrial Skin Cleansers and Dispensers. Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc., Chicago, HL Gold Medal Wood and Magnesium Safety Ladders, Suspended, Sectional Tubular Steel and Aluminum Scaffolding, Sidewalk Protection Canopies, Steel Grandstands. Positive Safety Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Protectoseal Co., Chicago, DL Safety Cans, Oily Waste Cans, Flame Arrester, Devices for Flammable Liquids. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. Industrial Safety Equipment. Pyrene Mfg. Co., Newark, N. J. Fire Protection Equipment Racine Glove Co., Inc, Rio, Wis. Gloves, Apparel, Protective Equipment, Leather, Asbestos and Steel Reinforced. Randolph Laboratories, Inc, Chicago, IIL Dioxide Fire Extinguishers. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Columbus, Neb. Reece "Perfect Rocker" Wooden Sole Safety Footwear. Rich Laboratories Sales Dim, Inc, EntigsviUe, Fa. First Aid for Burns. H Rockwood Sprinkler Co., Worcester Mass. 8 Nozzles and Industrial Sprinkler System for Fire Protection; Valves, Unions. I Rose Mfg. Co, Denver, Colo. 8 Industrial Safety Equipment. I Safety Clotlting & Equipment Co, Cleveland, Ohio. 1--^Safety Clothing and Equipment for Every Type Industrial Worker. [ ety First Products Corp, Elmsford, N. Y. 'Dry Chemical Fire Equipment Safety First Shoe Co, HolHston, Mass. Safety Steel Toe Shoes for Men. Safway Steel Products, Inc, Milwaukee, Wis. Scaffolding Towers, Saf-T-Swings, Special Products. Salisbury, W. H, & Co, Chicago, HL Linemen's Rubber Protective Equipment Sani-Mist Inc, Philadelphia, Pa. Athlete's Foot Preventive Schrader's, A, Son, Brooklyn, N. Y. Pneumatic Press Controls, Valves, Cylinders and Associated Products. Scott Aviation Corp, Lancaster, N. Y. Scott Air-Pak, Scott Demand Inbaiator, Scott Demand Respirator. SeOstrom Mfg. Co, Chicago, HL Face and Eye Protection Equipment Sentry Shoe Co, Dim. General Shoe Corp, Nashville, Term. Safety Toe -Shoes. Spencer Turbine Co, Hartford, Conn. Portable and Stationary Vacuum Cleaners and Dust Collecting Apparatus. 1 36 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, UL Industrial Safety Equipment. Steel Scaffolding Co, Inc, Brooklyn, N. Y. "Trouble Saver" Steel Scaffolding. Stepan Chemical Co, Chicago, HL Skin Cleansers for Industry. Stephenson Corp, Bed Bank; N. J. Resuscitation Equipment, Dnmkometers, Porto-Clinic Driver Testing Unit. Storehouse Signs, Inc, Denver, Cola Steel Accident Prevention Signs. Sugar Beet Products Co, Saginaw, Mich. SBS Skin Cleanser and Cleaner. Surety Rubber Co, Carrollton, Ohio. Rubber Gloves and Linemen's Equipment. Surty Mfg. Co, Chicago, UL Safety Guards and Materials. Taylor, S. G, Chain Co, Hammond, hod. Taylor Made Alloy Steel Sling Chains, Monel Chain; Hooks and Chain Fittings. Tennant, G. H, Co, Minneapolis, Minn. Mechanized Equipment for Maintenance of Industrial Floors. Trinal, Inc, Chicago, HL "Safeet" Protection for the Metatarsal Arch. Union Wire Rope Corp, Kansas City, Mo. Tufty Slings, Wire Rope and Tufty Towlines. United States Dept, of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, Washington, D. C. United States Safety Service Co, Kansas City, Mo. Eye Protection, Impregnated and Enteric-Coated Salt Tablets, CO Indicators. Wallace Optical Co, Inc, Detroit, Mich. Tuf-Cote Protective Eyewear, Watchemoket Optical Co, Inc, Providence, R. I. "Eye-Savers" Plastic Eye Protection and Plasti-Glow Safety Signs. Waverly Petroleum Products Co, Philadelphia, Pa. Oil and Grease Absorbents. West Disinfecting Co, Long Island City, N. Y. Disinfectants, Deodorants--Products for the Promotion of Safety. Western Coca-Cola Bottling Co, New York, N. Y. Coca-Cola. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc, Chicago, UL Industrial Safety Clothing made from Asbestos, Flame-Proofed Duck and Jean Cloth, Leather and Wool. Wilkins Co, Lie, Cortland, N. Y. K-Lens-M Products; Dispenser Cabinets, Lens Cleaner, Anti-Fogging Liquid, Lens Tissue. Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co, Chicago, UL Safety Awards, Badges and Trophies. Willson Products, Inc, Reading, Pa. Industrial Goggles, Gas Masks, Helmets and Respirators, and Allied Safety Devices. Wilson-Albrecht Co, Inc, Minneapolis, Mina Modem Unit Type First Aid Kits and Refills. Wyandotte Chemicals Corp, Wyandotte, Mich. Absorbents.