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Sliteiatuie Qbstiacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL * - - decisions and trends tfttdusfaial Health Tlews M UotuAly By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH (13), PA. 03118384 Industrial Hygiene Digest Hiteiatuie Gbshacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL * - - decisions and trends J*?i< -~V - ; - -_i :;r- 4- /u*d MoAtMy By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION - 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH (13). PA. 03118384 <N0UFOTU*N1DAAt TXIYO6NICNC Vol. 6. FOUNDATION FACTS March, 1944 Foundation Fact* l a monthly nw.letter iatued to induttrial eoneorn* holding membership In induatrial Hygiene Foundation. The Foundation C*' > a nen.profit association of industries for the P** -are>sadvancement of healthful working condition*. ^ No. 3? 1 rLaA Annual Meeting Proceedings Published * The Proceedings for the Foundation's Eighth Annual Meeting, containing much practical data on manpower maintenance in industry, was mailed to members recently. The subjects covered in the publication fall into four main groups: 1. Medical 2, Engineering 3. Industrial Relations 4* Legal The panel, "Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Work," a highpoint of the annual meeting of members, was published separately from the Proceedings to expedite circulation. Additional copies of this panel discussion are available upon request. The annual meeting of members is one of the most valuable services of Foundation mem bership. Accordingly, the Proceedings should be examined carefully and routed to all 0 interested persons within each member's organization. New Members and Subscribers Latest additions to the Foundation's membership list are: American Optical Company, Van Cleef 3ros., and Vanadium Corporation of America. New subscribers are: Fairfield Air Service Command, Ohio; Medical Supply Officer, Ft. Mason, Cal.; Ministere Sante & B.E. Social Hygiene, Quebec, Canada; Netherland Government Commission for Scientific Documentation, and the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry. Seen in the News -- <; DETP.OIT, March 11 (UP) -- R.J. Thomas, President, United Automobile Workers (CIO) today declared that his union "was no longer satisfied" to bargain for wages and hours only and announced the union would negotiate clauses containing health stand ards for workers.... He said, "The health of cur workers in the shop is an immediate problem and it must be met and solved through collective bargaining." Sacramento, Calif. -- Women workers who repair bullet-proof airplane gaso line tanks at Mather Field are equipped with oxygen masks and officials say this inno vation cuts repair time at least in half. The patching is done by small women who crawl through a narrow opening in the tank. Formerly they had to come out every four or five minutes or risk suffocation from fumes. Practical Procedures A plant manager, studying jobs in his shop that disabled veterans night per form, observed: "When I soe a man running a machine with one hand in his pocket I make a mental note that he could probably operate another machine and a one-armed veteran could do that jcb." V.P. Ahearn. Executive Secretary, National Industrial Sand Association and Secretary of the Foundation's Board of Trustees, has been appointed an Industry Mem ber cf the National War Labor Board. ............................... ........Industrial Hygiene Helps Maintain Manpower. lOUSTAlAU "VGifiNE OUNOATiOi 4 400 AVCNUC PlTT60UGH (t9). PA. HMBB-0007773 March, 1944, Vol. Till. No. 3, Industrial Hygiene foundation, 4400 fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. INDUSTRIAL HYGIUffi DIGEST Literature and News News Itens 220 Alundmm Therapy. In response to questions from member ccnpanies concerning aluminum therapy, the foundation secured the following statement fro* Dr. L. U. Gardner, Director, The Saranac (N.Y.) Laboratory. The Foundation helps support Dr. Gardner's inves tigations in this 'field. "I believe that aluttimim therapy has definite possibilities as a preventive against silicosis. I know that in experimental animals it will prevent the development and stop the progression of silico- .. sis. I am not at all sure that as a therapeutic agent it invariably ^ has as much effect upon symptoms as other investigators have indi cated. I am interested in seeing aluminum treatment used in as many different types of oxposure as possible provided there is sufficient control so that its effects may be scientifically evaluated. I be lieve that its greatest possibilities will be found in treating men who already have early manifestations of silicosis so that they can continue their present work without danger of further progression. I would not recommend its use by any employer who intends to rely upon aluminum as a preventive to the exclusion of recognised engin eering methods for the control of a silica dust hazard." 03118386 9 HU6B-66U7774 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2 221 Eve Accidents. Asserting that only one plant out of every eight has an adequate safety program, C.O. Cozzens, Vice President of the American Optical Company, announced that United States industry is currently losing or repairing 200,000 eyes a year at an oTwqoi cost of 250,000,000. He said these industrial eye accidents are res- ponslble for an annual loss of 8,000,000 man days. Emphasizing that eye acci dents can he prevented by ordinary safety precautions, he reported that 72% of accidents occur on jobs regarded as non-hazardous to eyes. -- Cham. & Eng. News. January 25, 1944, /T?\ 222 Conference" on Industrial Medicine. Hygiene and Nursing* The Seoond "lar Conference* of Industrial physicians, industrial hygienists and industrial nurses will be held ii St. Louis, Mo., May 8-14, at the Botel Jeffer son. The participating organizations are (1) American Association of Industrial PlQrsioians and Surgeons, (2) American Industrial hygiene Association, (3) Nation 0 al Conference of Govemental Industrial Hygienists, and (4) American Association of Industrial Nurses. The medical subjects to be presentod include welding, noise, better health In small plants, maladjustment and job environment, women in industry, and panel discussions on "Who Can Work?". The industrial hygienists 0 will trim the health hazards in the synthetic rubber Industry, radiiaa, sol vents, tcdoologj of TNT, possibilities of excessive silica dust hazard from the extensive quartz crystal industry, techniques of air sampling in specific refer ence to the collection of cutting oil mists and of lead fuaee, and hazards of exposure to oatei\m* The industrial nurses will consider postwar planning for nureee and medical services in industry. 225 Ahsenfelms Reduced. :Abeeateei has been reduced as much as 0% in some war plants by various correc- -Hg|jj%iie measure*, according to R.C. Goodwin, War Manpower Commission Director for . , lileblgem and Kentucky* In some cases companies made certain improvements W and la others workers served on a "Kangaroo Court." In another case, absentee ism was reduced by setting up facilities for obtaining gasoline, tires, shoes, medical aid, beauty treatments and housing information at the plant. -- Steel, T November 22, 1943. 224 Prizes Reduce Absenteelm. One company awards merit certificates to "Regular fellows,* that is, to employ ees who have not lost time during a pay period and additional certificates for regular attendance for 3 months. After every pay day a jack-pot drawing la held for additional certificates, only the "Regular fellows" participating. The merit certificates are exchangeable for prizes that are catalogued and displayed. The plan has been very successful. -- L.R. Rhodes, in Ind. Marketing, Feb.,1944. 225 New Magazine. The British Medical Association announces the publication of a British Journal of Industrial Modicine, a ouarterly journal. -- Chemical Trades J., February, 4, 1944. 226 New Standards Grouc to be Formed. Organization of an Allied Nations standards body was annom^ at the silver anni versary meeting of tho American Standards Association* The objective of the new body will be maximum coordination of standards necessary for the war effort and the immediate postwar period. A skeleton staff will have offices In London and in either New York or Washington. -- Heat. & Vent., February, 1944. 03118387 Industrial Hygiene Digest 3 HWBB-000/77!> Legal Developments 22? Scratches cn Banda Received In Course of Employment as Portal of Entry for Tetanus Bacilli* Although there was no witness who saw the decedent sustain the accidental injur ies to his hands, the facts that several days prior to his illness as well as later, the wployee showed various scratches on his hands to his mother, his wife, and several fellow employees and stated that, he had reoeived them on an electric screw driver at the factory where he worked, and evet in his dying re mark to his brother-in-law he stated that he received the ecratohes at the fac tory, and the fact that the onployer did not show by any evidence that the in juries were sustained elsewhere, there was evldenee to substantiate a finding that the scratches leading to iae subsequent tetanus and death arose out of the sployment* Garrison furniture Co. v. Butler* Arkansas Supreme Ct- No.4-7218. >> January 31, 19447 (CCH). ~ 228 Aggravation of Tuberculous Condition by Heavy Lifting. This court affirms without opinion the decision of the Supreme Court where it was held that the strain of lifting heavy cartons which precipitated a lung hemorrhage in an employee, who was suffering from tuberculosis in either a dor mant or active state, was sufficient to constitute an industrial accident and compensable injury since any strain incident to the labor performed, whether ordinary or extraordinary, constitutes a compensable accident. Cavanaugh y, Murntar Varnish Co. New Jersey Ct. of Errors and Appoals. No. 26, October Term, 1943, January 27, 1944. (CCH). 229 Chaical 8nlashed in Eye Not Shown as Cause of Cataract. .. An employee claimed that a chemical solution composed of alcohol, ether and dl| nitretoluene was splashed into his right eye in the courso of his employment and * that within a week to ten days the vision in that eye became blurred and eontinu ed to grow progressively worse until there was a loss of vision in that eye. A diagnosis of cataract was made with a number of eye specialists concurring, hut none was able to state that there was any known case of a single contact with such a cho&ical causing a cataract and, although claimant was known to be In good general physical condition, it was not known if there had been a previous chronic oye disease, and the fact that there was never any pais or irritation of the eye indicates the probability of a secondary change from a chronic uveitis. All tho evidence pointing to a pre-existing chronic eye disease and the failure to estab lish any causal relation between the incident of the chemical in the eye with tho cataract, the loss of vision cannot he said to he a result thereof. Carter Hercules Powder Co. Virginia Supreme Ct. of Appeals. No. 2754. January 24, *44. (CCH). 230 Causal Provocative Connection Between Heat Prostration and Death. On June 19, 1941, the employee was overcome by heat and coke fumes in the course of his employment and was temporarily disabled for about three weeks when he re turned to work. On July 25, 1941 he quit work on account of an alleged illness and disability, never again being employed. Ho died on April 25, 1942 as the result of a valvular cardiac lesion. Prior to the incident of the heat prostra tion, the employee had been treated by the same physician who attended him after the exposure to heat end coke fumes and continued to attend him up to the time 03118388 HM&-QM7776 / 0 0 '0- Industrial hygiene Digest - 4 of his death* This physician testified that prior to the incident of prostra tion, the nployee*s lungs and heart were in good condition and thereafter the lunge and bronchial tubes were irritated and congested causing a strain upon de cedent* heart. Since the evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to cleia&nt and since there is evidence to support the finding of ceusal provoc ative connection, an award of compensation must bo affirmed. Combustion Englneeri&L Co.. Inc, v. Whatley. Tennessee Supremo Ct. February 5, 1944. (CCH). 231 Aggravation of Pre-existing Tuberculosis by Exposure to Inorganic Dust. Where an employee became disabled, after nine or ten years aaployment with his employer* because of an active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the report of the in dustrial disease refereos stated, "nevertheless it seems probable that In the pest over a period of thirty yoars, he has inhaled inorganic dusts which may have been sufficient in quantity and of such an irritant nature as to act as an exoiting or contributory cause in the extent of his present lung tuberculosis," there was sufficient evidence to find causal relation since it has frequently been held that the opinion of experts, that a relation probably exists between two facts, is evidence that there is such a relationship. Duggan1s Case. Massachusetts Supremo Judicial Ct., Suffolk, January 31, 1944. (CCH). 232 Disability Dus to Tuberculosis Following Poor Ventilation. Although there is conflicting medical testimony as to whether or not the poor ventilation in the sewing room where the air was heavily laden with starch from tbs fabrios used, was the proximate or aggravating cause of the employee's dis abling pulmonary tuberculosis, the Jury verdict awarding the employee ^2,000 damages must be affirmed, since there is testimony and evidence to support that finding by the jury. Where X-ray pictures, made on February 9, 1940, show that tbs employee developed pulmonary tuberculosis on or before that date end the em ployee failed to bring action against her employer until February 15, 1941, the aetiom is not barred by the one year statuto of limitations, since in cases . where there is a continuous tort, such as the employer's failing in this instanco { to provide proper exhaust fans, the statute of limitations doe9 not begin to run | until the time of disability, which, here, was February 87, 1940. The Goodall r Co. . Sartin. U.S. Circuit Ct. of Appeals, Sixth Circuit. Nos. 9431-9432, February 15, 1944. (CCH). Book Reviews and Notices 233 Report of the Bureau of Industrial Hygiene (State of Connecticut). A.S, Gray, Director. 57th Report of the Connecticut State Department of Health, pp. 285 320. (1942). This routine report testifies to increasing activity in the number of field trips, plants visited, laboratory determinations, etc., and variety of subjects investigated, which include extensive studies of particular hazards presented by benzene, lead, fluorides, lacquering solvents, electrolytic alkali cleaning, electroplating and degreasing, with a number of other hazards encountered on a smaller scale. The number of surveys of industrial conditions was 923, and 182 studies of specific hazards were conducted. Publicity features included 25 radio talks. The work in the various fields is tabulated. 03118389 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 'V. fv. fx. 234 Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories for the Year 1942. Ministry of Labor end National Service. Factory Dept. Cad. 6471, 1943. London: H.M. Stationery Office. An increase of 66 per cent over the 1941 figure in the number of accidents to women Is due in part to the larger nuaber employed in dangerous and heary indue* 9C:si02 no ^ tries* Fencing of machinery and wearing of properly designed caps and other ____ n clothing are etrongly advised tor women. A safoty committee, with representatives of management and workers and ono or more trained safety officers should function in every factory of considerable size. Industrial lighting has been much im proved, with many installations of fluorescent tubular lighting. Ventilation is still poof' in some factories during the hours of blackouts. Public opinion is more strongly in favor of personnel and welfare deportments in all works of any size* There has been a reduction in dezmatitis due to TNT, tetryl, fulminate of mercury and white lead, which may be credited to the use of recomcnded precau tions. Other forms of TNT sickness and aniline poisoning cases also showed a de cline. Toxic anemia is now notifiable. Of 14 cases notified, 7 were associated with TNT and the rest with solvents containing low proportions of benzene. Prac tical methods of overcoming the enhanced risk of silicosis in steel foundries are being sought. There has been a tendency to reduce weekly hours of work for ell workers. Industrial canteens havo multiplied greatly in factories and on docks and building sites. 235 Absentee!--: Management^ Problom. J.B. Fox and J.F. Scott. Publication No.29 of the Graduate School of Business Administration, George F. Barker, Harvard University, Boston. December, 1943. 28 pp. Price fcl.QO. The authors made a systematic study of absenteeism at three similar plants In the semo city, largely confining it to the casting department of each plant be cause the absentee problem was more acute there. In their records each absence was counted, rogardless of its longth. By that method and by a comparison under similar conditions, the effect of many of the factors commonly considered was minimized. The data showed that there is normally a substantial percentage of y employees who have one or no absences per year, as shown in the plant aaployees * as a whole. In the casting shops of the three plants, the percentages with low ^ absence records was lowor over the period from January 1, 1942 to March 1, 1943. Fluctuations were probably due to changes in days of work und other working con ditions caused by government regulations and pressure of war work. However, in the. plant designated C the absenteeism settled back to a reasonable figure after those disturbances, while in plant A it continued increasing to the end of the study, plant B occupying an intermediate position. The authors traced this var iation to differences in labor policy. In plant A individual pioce work was the basis of wages; in C the payment was on the basis of total work done by all shifts over a 24-hour period; in C the foremen rotated shifts in such a way that they were in contact with all groups of workmen, and wore relieved of enough res ponsibility on mechanical work so that they could keep attendance rocords and talk with the men about absence problems and complaints. In general, intelligent consideration of the numerous problems by the management was the greatest factor in reducing absenteeism. The authors believe that in most discussions of absen teeism the attitude of management is not given sufficient consideration. ~ 03118390 HWBB-0U07778 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 6 Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 236 Sewwr Gas - Hazards in Sewage Plants* C.S. McKinley. Ind. Med,, 12, 804 (Deemnber, 1943). Hazards associated with this gas are: (1) poisonous gases, (2) inflammable gas es that may cause explosion, and (3) deficiency of oxygen. Attention is called Tc\ to the hazard of underground pimping rooms, often found in sewage disposal plants. Methods of preventing fatalities in pimping pits are swaarized. 237 Testing Mine Diesel Engines with Liquid Gas and the Carbyn 9nestion in the Diesel, Diesel Gas and Otto Procoss. J. Ternee. Gluckeuf. 78, 581-88 (1942). (Gorman). " By choosing a suitable regulation of the mixture, adjustment of excess of air, condensation ratio, etc., in Otto, Diesel end Diesel gas engines, in particular with the use of liquid gas, it is possible to counteract the danger of carbon monoxide to human lives. 238 Injurious Welding Fimas. J.S, V/right. Weldir^ Engr. 29 , 48 , 49 (February,1944). The author, a welding operator, discusses welding fines in non-technical and non medical language. The three types of welding fuses are those from: (1) galvan ized iron; (2) stainless steel electrodes; (3) burning of lead-based paints; and (4) aluminum welding operations. From the fumes in the galvanizing of iron, the hazard is metal fume fever. Zinc fumes do not collect in the lungs, as many welders believe, but are constantly being removed. Milk, warmth and avoidance of, carbonated beverages are advocated for prevention of fume fever. The injur ious ftmes encountered in working with stainless steel electrodes and welding alwiauB are those of fluorine compounds. The fundamentals of prevention by exMaust systems are discussed very briefly. <; 239 investigation of the Composition of Arc-Welding Gases. V.D. Taran. Zavodakaye lab, 9^ 765-787 (1940). (Russian). ~ Taran proposes a method for taking samples of arc-welding gases for analysis. Auto tractor pipes are used as electrodes. One of the openings of the pipe is cleaned carefully, welded and covered with the coating under investigation. The open end of the pipe is connnected by means of a rubbor tubing to a pipet and a vacuum system. The whole system is washed with the arc gas by means of a vacuum pump, tho welding process started and the gas passed to the pipet by pg of a hydrostatic mercury pump. Approximately 200-300 cc. of gas is obtained from one electrode. Analyses are given of electric arc gas obtained from various coetings of the electrodes. 03118391 240 Health Hazards from Arc Welding. Illinois Dept, of Labor, Industrial Hygiene Div., Factory Inspection Div., 111. Labor Bull., 4, 4-6,23 (August 31, 1943). Previous studios have shown that a greet variety of poisonous, irritating or annoying dusts and gases may be found in welding fumes: nitrous fums, carbon monoxide, fluorides, silicates, zinc fume, lead fine, lime, chromlun, manganese, iron oxide, etc. Greatest ignorance is in the field of welding rod coatings. There are at least three important factors in the work and the acviroaaent'. (1) ventilation, (2) volume of work, and (3) position of the weldor. The Illinois study investigated the significance pf dust counts from two angles: the relation to hazardous gases and the relation to ventilating control. This study has shown that local exhaust ventilation is not only practical, but the only reliable method for controlling welding fume. The way in which this local exhaust must HM8B-0007779 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 be applied in various operations is discussed at length. In locations where ven tilation alone is inadequate, an efficient supplied air respirator is the solu tion* Because welding fume has been shown to contain a complex mixture of haz ardous air contaminants, many of which give no warning of their presence, it is wise to control the fume at the source by positive means. Prevention is better than treatment or compensation* 241 Health Hazards in Welding* Ontario Department of Health, Division of Industrial Hygiene* Pamphlet, 8 pp. No date. This booklet describes briefly the hoalth hazards encountered in welding and pre ventive procedures. The general classification of hazards is given and direc tions for local exhaust and general ventilation. ?or eye protection, numbered shades of lenses are recommended for various types of work* '((fill'll' 242 The Inflammability and Explosibility of Metal Powders. I. Hartmann, J. Nagy and H.H. Brown. U.S. Bureau of Minos, Report of Invest. No.3722. 44 pp. (Octo ber, 1943). Obtainable from Div. of Information, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washing ton, D. C. An extensive and thorough study of inflammability and explosibility of 14 metals and 2 alloys in powder form, was made in the dust explosion laboratory of the Experimental Coal Mine Section of the Bureau of Mines. The tests made usually included: (l) minimum ignition temperature and minimum energy needed for igni tion of dispersions in air and of quiescent Layers*, (2) relative inflammability with two different sources of ignition; (3) minimus concentration required in a dispersion in air to permit ignition; (4) maximum pressure and rate of pressure rise in small explosions; (5) reduction in oxygen content of the air needed to prevent ignition; and {6) effect of a humid atmosphere on the powders* Most of the results are presented in tables, and the summary covers 3 pares, so only s few of the most striking results will be given hero* The wall temperature re quired In a heated furnace to Ignite powder dispersions in air varied from 315 , to 90QQ. according to the metal and conditions. A dispersion of zirconium > sometimes ignites at rocm temperature. Very little energy is required for igni; tion by spark. Maximum pressure attained and rates of pressure rise vary widely. ' Magnesium gives the highest figures for both, 72 lbs. per sq. in. ami 5,000 lbs. per sq. in. per second, respectively, and only 0.05 second was required to reach the maximum pressure. A large explosion of that intensity would wreck a plant, end large relief vents would not prevent damage. The metals in decreasing order of inflammability are: (1) zirconium, magnesium and its alloys, aluminum and titanium; (2) reduced and carbonyl iron, manganese, zinc, silicon, tin and anti mony; and (3) cadmium, copper, chromium, lead and milled iron. In diluting air with nitrogen, carbon dioxide and helium to reduce inflammability, it was found that titanium, zirconium and magnesium and its alloys ignite in pure carbon di oxide, whethdr dispersed or in a quiescent layer, and in nitrogen in a quiescent layer when heated sufficiently. Much wrk remains to be done on the subject, and 9 fields for future investigation are listed. Members interested in metal powders should obtain the entire report from the above address. 243 External Trauma and Peptic Ulcer - Analysis of Their Relationship. R.H. Fowler. In.. Med., 12, 614-632 (September, 1943). From the study of a large ntaaber of ulcer cases the writer has found "the inci dence of primary ulcers resulting from a single blunt traimstitt unaccompanied with other severe coexisting Injuries" to be 0.6$. A group of physicians still deny the existence of traumatogenic peptic ulcer under any circumstances. ?ost-traumatic neurosis may indirectly result in peptic ulcer, in which case the mechanism operates through psychic factors of emotional stress on s subclinical ulcer. The histories of nine litigated cases are reported, 03118__3__9_2 WUBd-0007780 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 9 244 Dermatitis from Exposure to Tear Gas. J.T. Ingram. Brit. J. Dermat., 54, 319 (December, 1942). Ingram reports a case of dermatitis in an officer exposed to a fairly high con centration of tear gas (chloracetophenone) in a confined space for three quarters of an hour. About seven hours later he noticed irritation of the skin, especial ly in the flexures, quietly followed by a morbilliform eruption which soon became blistered. Under simple treatment with baths and calamine lotion the condition resolved in two weeks and loft the patient with no ill effects. 245 Occupational Acne. L. Schwarts and S.M. Pock. N.Y. State J. Med. 43, 1711-1718 {September 15, 1943). A list of chemicals that cause occupational acne is given, including a list of occupations in which there is most exposure* The chemicals include crude petrol eum, insoluble and sometimes soluble cutting oils, coal tar and similar materials, cblornaphthalenos, chlordiphenyls, chlordiphenyloxide, and solid chlorbenzols and chlorphesols. The nature and location of the eruptions differ somewhat according to the nature of the chemicals responsible. Details are given by which tbs types may be distinguished. Tbs article suggests preventive general and per sonal measures and indicates treatment. The histological studies given are of especial value. 246 Skin Troubles of Machine Operators and Their Control. W. Scbweishvimer. Canad. Machinery. 54, 108-109 (1943). The effect of oil on the akin, particularly cutting oils, and preventive care are discussed. 247 Cosmetics and Dermatitis. L. Schv/artz. Auer. Perfumer. 4, 45-46 (February,1944) If cosmetics are properly prepared and used, they are harmless as a class and nay even be beneficial to the skin. Dermatitis may occur, however, among workera manufacturing them, beauty parlor operators, and the general public. Although . an occasional case of allergic dermatitis from the use of cosmetics cannot be I avoided, some outbreaks have occurred because the cosmetics wero sot properly * tested before being placed on sale. A plan for testing new cosmetic formulas before placing them on the market is proposed for the purpose of minimizing the avaaber of cases which may occur frou their use. 248 Humoral Transmission of Experimental Contact Dermatitis. L.H. Ballestoro and A.M. Mom. Rev. Soc. Argentina Biol., !, 10-15 (1943). (Spanish). Blister fluid, from on area of skin which had been locally sensitized to 2, 4- dinitrochlorbenzene several weeks previously, produced a locally sensitized area when injected intraderaally in another animal. This was shown by a typical ecze matous dermatitis upon application of the compound. . 249 Results of a Questionnaire on Patch Tests. J.G. Downing. Arch. Dermat. & Syph., 48, 514-518 (November, 1943). In industrial contact dermatitis, properly executed patch tests are of inestimable value in prevention and treatment. Hypersensitive reactions of certain individ uals can also be picked up in this way. When patch tests are used in cutaneous diseases in which they are not indicated they often lead to fallacious decisions. They are of value ohly in dermatitis venenata and dermatitis medicamentosa in wh: .h the eruption is of the eczematoid type. The site of testing most commonly chosen by dermatologists is of the flexor surface of the aim. It is unwise to tost during the scute stage of the eruption and also as few patches as possible should be applied at one time. Eighty per cent of dermatologists questioned an swered "no" to the question "Should patch tests be made by general practioners?", 03118393 HWBB-0007781 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 9 for routine patch testing is of little value and may be dangerous. Pre-employmeat patch tests are not advised. Careful taking of the history, knowledge of the patient's exposures, personal investigations and the study of the various con tact* will reduce the necessity of patch tests, but when needed they will continue to be of distinct value in dexmatology. 250 Prevention of Industrial Dermatitis. S. Homer. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 36, 633 (October, 1943). Principles of prevention ore: Selection, Protection, Inspection and Cleanliness. The selection of the right personnel in dermatitis hazards is to be attempted, despite protest labor conditions. The part played by diet and vitamins in the prevention aid cure of industrial dermatitis has yet to be determined. 251 Poison Ivy Preventives Prove Ineffective. J.B. Howell. Arch* Derm. Syphil., 48, 373 TlMSN The author has tested the various preventives recconended for poison ivy dermati tis and has found then generally ineffective. For the person of average sensi tivity thorough washing with soap and water will lessen the severity of the derma titis only if it is used within 5 or 10 minutes after exposure. 7or an extremely sensitive person, soap and water is ineffective even after only one minute. Fer ric chloride had no effect; petrolatm spread the infection; sodium perborate had little or no prophylactic effect; potassium permanganate, however, lessened the severity when applied copiously within 15 minutos after exposure. 252 A Study of Pneumonia in the Shipbuilding Industry. The Epidemiology and Manage ment of 864 Cases over a One-Year Period In the Kaiser Ric*"^TM* Shipyards. M.F. Collen and others. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox., 2_6, 1-7 (January, 1944). The gross mortality of the patients troatod in the hospital was 8.2$. The annual frequency rate of pneiaonla in this group was 9.5 per 1000 workers, which is not different than the incidence among the general population, 90 far as reliable . tel* indicate. Neither does the type of pneumonia, as shown by evidence present s ed, differ from that seen among the general population. Pneunococcal pneumonia * accounted for 70$ of the cases, with types VII, I, and XXV making up one-third of * all typed pneumonias. Factors that cannot be proved to effect the incidence of pneumonia are: (1) The length of time a worker has lived in the region. (2) The length of employment in the shipyard. (3) The type of work done In the shipyard. The value of a low leukocyte count as a measure of the severity of pneimococcal pneumonia was affirmed. The relationship between mortality and age, maber of lobes involved and albuminuria was emphasized. The treatment of these patients with sulfadiazine and adjuvant therapy was aaphasized. -- Condensed from Authors' suemary. 253 Tuberculosis in North Carolina Industry. T.F. Vestal. Health Bull.,(North Carolina State Board of Health). 56, 7-11 (December, 1943). Employees of 25 industries were given chest X-ray examinations. These Industries are widely distributed over the state, and are located in 8 counties. Six differ ent types of industry are represented. Almost 42 thousand people were examined. A rate of 1.5$ pulmonary tuberculosis was found. Cardiac and other pathology was also discovered. The greatest nunber of tuberculosis cases were found to be in the early stage. The next greatest number was in the moderately advanced stage, and the saallest number in the far advanced stage. This is the reverse 03118394of findings on admissions to sanatoria. -- Author's sunrmry. 254 Sound-Proof Airplane Motor Test Chambers. X.E.Katel. J. Acoustical Soc. of Am. 15, 114-115 (October, 1943). The noise of an airplane during testing is not only a danger for the crews but is an annoyance to the neighborhood. The author describes the two main types of air plane motor test chambers and the means taken to make them nearly soundproof. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10 HMiiii-Uti07782 255 Asthma Prevention in Industry* I. Gray and M.M. Albert. Ind. Med., 12, 601-805 (December, 1945). "Bronchial aetlna is an hereditary disease, which occurs only in predisposed in dividuals." A past or present history of allergic disease, rather than a pre placement physical examination, should be the criterion for determining employ ability in occupations where the incidence of asttea is known to be high (such as in the baking or fur Industries). The study of 8 cases, which are cited in the artiele, calls forth several observations. In every case pre-asttmatic symp toms were present, and the patients should have been removed from their occupa tional environment. In most cases, this measure will texminate the astima; in others it may fail by reason of the fact that superimposed infection is present. Several oases demonstrated the occurrence of sensitivity to an occupational con tact after several years of exposure to a potent allergen. 256 Rheumatism in Relation to Industry. S.A. Underwood. J. Royal Sanitary Inst., 68. 153-155 (October, 1943). Rheumatla is a generic texm, used to cover four groups of diseases: (1) acute rheuaatism, (2) articular or joint rheum&tin, (3) non-articular rheumatism, and (4) rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatic diseases are responsible for a great deal of lost time in industry. Various causative factors are discussed. Prophylaxis is very valuable, and is the chief concern of this article. Important factors in prophylaxis of rhevmatic disability are: (1) improved standard of living and of housing, (2) Improved working conditions, (3) correction of toxic influences, (4) facilities for skilled treatment, (5) more active and early treatment, and (6) a need for suitable occupational therapy and adequate rehabilitation arrange ments. 257 Spirochetal Jaundice. P.E. Bruno, C.J.W. Wilen and J.R. Snavely. J.A.M.A. 123. 419-584 (October 30, 1943). In a strikingly effective article, the authors point out that spirochetal jaun- ' die# has been overlooked in the past, and emphasize certain features of the dls- j ease in problems of differential diagnosis. Dogs and rats, as well as field _< = i mice, cats, pigs, foxes and horses, may he vectors harboring leptospira. Examin* ation of mine water and muck has recently revealed leptospiras morphologically indistinguishable from leptospira icterobemorrhagiae in a single mine in Alabama where 14 human cases of spirochetal jaundice occurred. Non-pettogealc saprophy tic leptospira occur in natural waters all over the world. An occupational his tory has usually been present in the reported cases; a history of moist, damp or wet environment is obtainable. Occupations commonly encountered in the disease are those of sower workers, trapped coal miners, canal workers, fish workers, rice-field workers and cane cutters. The clinical symptoms of diagnostic signi ficance are (1) an acute infectious disease with acute onset, fever, headache and prostration. (2) Severe myalgia appearing spontaneously and on pressure in the thigh, calves and back. (3) Signs of liver damage. (4) Signs of kidney dam age. (5) Leucocytosis. (6) Epidemiologic infoxmation - immersion, occupation. Leptospiras can be found in the blood in the first stage (7-13 days), in&une bodies between the 12th and 17th day and Increasing in concentration, and organ isms in the urine after the 2nd or 3rd week. Salient features of 15 cases ob served at the Charity Hospital over a period of two and one-half years are pre sented, and the differential diagnosis discussed. A Mgt> incidence of gastro intestinal symptoms and abdominal crises existed. Bronchopulmonary, central ner vous system, cardiac and JKG features are presented along with mention of hemorr hagic diathesis. The similarity of spirochetal jaundioe to pnetaonia makes it possible for the condition to be mistaken for hepatitis secondary to pneinonla or sulfonamide therapy. In the article two cases of leptospira canicola infec tion are discussed with a review of previous studies. * 0__3__1_18395 HUBB-0007783 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 258 Brucellosis In Packlna-Bcuae Workers. U.G. Levine. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox., 25, 451.2 (December, 1943K Bmuh of Its prevalence among packing.house workers, Brucellosis is considered an occupational disease. It may be spread among the general population by in. gestion, but observers believe that contact infection occurs in slaughter-house workers. The finding that packing-house workers cat partially cooked meat offers a new approeoh to the epidemiology of Brucellosis. The practical importance in dustrially and sociologically of eradicating this disease is obvious. Proper education of slaughter-house workers will help to eliminate this hazard. 259 Effect of Wet Garments on Body Weight Loss at Sigh Environmental Temperatures. H.llfson and M.B. Visscher. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox.. 25. 434-9 {December. 1945) . Experiments were undertaken to detezmine the value of the praetlce of wearing clothing vet with water by workmen in especially hot situations, such as furnace rooms and foundries. Eleven white males served as subjects. Two environmental temperatures were studied. At a mean tanporature of Hoop, and relative hunidity below 25JC, conditions selected to simulate roughly those found on many deserts, the weight conservation at rest was 174 g. per hr. and at work, 309 g. per hr. At a mean tm^erature of 97P. and a relative humidity of conditions select ed to simulate roughly those on tropical seas the valuesvere 76 g. at rest and 94 g. at work. No effect on rectal temperatures attributable to the wet cloth ing was demonstrated. Under the conditions of the higher temperature, the aver age pulse rate was 11 beats per minute lower at rest in the wet garments than in the nude. Tor applications to any specific situations it is believed that fur ther investigations should be made. 860 Llijtht. Temperature. Humidity Effects in the Working Environment. A.M. Baetjer. lad. Med., 13, 111-112 (January, 1944). Subjects discussed are: Acute Effects of High and Low Temperatures; Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Resistance to Disease; Relation of Temperature to - Veit and Accidents; Optimist Conditions of Temperature, Humidity and Air Movement; i Preventive Measures; and Effects of Radiant Energy, Ultra-violet, Visible and j Infra-red Radiation. 261 Domestic Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Current Comment. J.A.M.A. 122. 1018 (August 1943). An engineering survey carried on in West Virginia revealed that in many homes one or more gae appliances discharged carbon monoxide into the rooms, seme of them in large quantities. Clinical studies revealed impaired general health, nervous ness, ill-temper, etc., due to prolonged repeated exposure to small amounts of carbon monoxide. In a field survey of the health and living conditions of 279 persons who lived at home or worked in shops where natural gas was oonsimed for cooking or heating, 137 gave histories suggestive of carbon monoxide anoxemia. It is to be noted that milder foms of carbon monoxide poisoning do not present any distinctive clinical picture, the manifestations being essentially subjective. In suspected cases the definitive diagnosis will require proper chemical examin ations of the blood of the patient, as well as of the air he has been breathing. 262 Cadmiun Poisoning. Ontario Dept, of Health, Div. of Industrial Hygiene. Pamphlet 3 pp. No Date. Although the toxic properties of cadmium end its compounds have long been known, it is only recently that cadmium has assumed importance as a source of industrial and domestic poisoning. Coincident with the increased use of dadmiia there has been e sharp riee in the number of cases and even deaths have occurred from this source. Cadmium may enter the body either by ingestion or by inhalation, and produces different sets of symptoms according to the mettod of entry. Industrial 03118396 HU8fi-m)0778*i Industrial fyglene Digest - 12 poisoning is practically always by Inhalation. Cadmiun dust or fuses may be produced by grinding, burning or welding of cadmium-plated metals, cadmium alloys and metals covered with cadmium-bearing paint. 263 Experimental Ammonia Gas Poisoning in Rabbits and Cats. 2.11. Boyd and others. J.Ind.Hyg. &Tox. 26, 29-34 (January, 1944). Experimental ammonia gas poisoning in rabbits and cats was found to be associat ed with : (a) An increased output of respiratory tract fluid, (b) No appreci able effedt upon the water content of the tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar por tion* of the respiratory tract. (c) An increase in the iron content of the tracheal, bronchial and alveolar portions of the respiratory tract and an espe cially marked increase in the tracheal portion, (d) No chase* la the chloride content of the lung, (e) An increase in blood hemoglobin above normal, beginning about 84 hours after gassing, (f) No change in eorui chloride* (g) An increase in plana lipids Involving mostly the eholestorol fractions. Evidence was ob tained that the naso-bucco-pharynx acted as a partial filter of ammonia, protect ing the trachea and bronchi but not the smaller bronchid.es and alveoli from the action of the gas, the evidence being both histological and chemical. In prelim inary experiments, hexaoine was found to lower the mean mortality rate from ammonia gas poisoning in nice if injected subcutaneously just before or just after aaaonia-gassing. -- Authors' summary. -z< 264 Toxicity of Lead Chromate. G.C. Harrold and others. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox., 26. 46-54 (February, 1944)". It must be concluded, that larger quantities of lead when in the form of lead chrcaate may exist in the breathing zone without causing lead absorption than is true in the case of lead oxide. The criteria of the amount of lead allowable la tbs atmosphere should be raised considerably in the case of this type of com pound* Atmospheric determinations of load may cause erroneous conclusions if not substantiated by other data. While this paper does not pretend to cover other Insoluble lead compounds which may set in the same way as lead chromate, the frequently recognized possibility that other and higher standards should be set up for certain lead compounds is supported. The use of a "packed tube" type of collector has proved useful in this investigation and should aid in similar types of investigation where accurate evaluations of atmospheric lead contamin ation are needed. Work completed several years ago and being prepared for pub lication now, on the solubility of several lead compounds in blood serum and lung fluid, indicates that those lead compounds which are most insoluble in such media would provide a margin of safety in the use of lead compounds that does riot exist with the relatively soluble compounds. This does not mean to say that solubility is the only factor to be considered, but that it is an important con sideration. -- From Authors' summary and conclusions. 265 Lead Poisoning as a Clinical Entity During the Reconditioning of Warships. F.D. Hankins. U.S. Naval Med. Bull., 41, 1785-1791 (November, 1943). Lead poisoning occurs with greater rapidity and severity from inhalation of lead contaminated dusts and fumes then from the ingestion of load in various forms. Cases developed ond continued to develop among the point removal crews working on the ships until effective measures were taken and enforced to keep the respir ed air free from lead-laden dust and fumes. This proved to be the only effective control of piumbism. Dust control measures alone are not sufficient, but in addi tion adequate respirators must be worn. Cleansing and clean habits are Important. A list of suggested regulations is included. 03118397 HUBB-0007785 Industrial Qfgieae Digest - 13 266 Treatment of Lead Poisoning, Conferences on Therapy* N.Y. State J. Med., 43. 2079-2086 (November 1, 1943). Tbe dlteoMlon emphasizes the facts that ingested load, especially in stall amounts, rarely causes poisoning because of poor absorption, and that the greater danger of lead poisoning cadets when fimes are inhaled; thus industry is the ohief source of load poisoning. The prevention of poisoning is very important. Control of exposure and proper industrial hygiene are necessary. Factors which control lead metabolism should be considered. The general state of health, and also nutrition, age, sex, and alcoholism are all important. Diagnosis of poison ing may be difficult. Therapy, except for purely symptomatic treatment, is based on the parallelism between the calciira and lead streams. Lead is either elimin ated from the bones by a calcium deficient diet and drugs, ad excreted, or it la fixed in the bones by a high calcium and vitamin D diet. The former runs the danger of episodes of acute poisoning during treatment, while the latter runs tbe danger of the latent supply of lead remaining fixed in the body becoming mobilized and again causing episodes of acute poisoning. $ 267 The Possible Toxicity of Lead Alloys. III. Experiments on the Rat with a Lead-TinAntimony Solder. K. Saloman and G.R, Cowgill. J.Ind.Hyg. &Tox., 26, 22-28 0 (January, 1944). Young rats were used in a study of the possible toxicity of a lead-tin-antimony alloy ateinistered in the form of solder pellets containing 63.89 per cent lead. These rats, receiving 300 parts of lead per million of diet, proved to be quite similar to the control group fed an identical diet but no lead, with respect to growth, concentration of blood hemoglobin and the appearance of stippled cells as wall as with respect to the amount of lead stored in their carcasses. Rats fed an Identical amount of a diet containing 300 parts of lead per million in the font of lead acetate exhibited all the signs of lead poisoning; their car casses contained large amounts of lead. It is concluded that ingested solder of the exposition here studied as a source of lead is non-toxic for the rat. -- . Authors' exmary. 26^ Health Hazards in Soldering Operations. I. Survey of Hazards Created by the Var ious Types of Soldering and Practical Control Methods. Illinois Labor Bull., 4, 10-11 (October 31, 1943). War production has required (1) an increase In lead content of solders as s tin conservation moasure from 30# to as high as 93$, and (2) an Increase in the usd of silver soldor. Gas-heated soldering irons, because of the danger of building up large quantities of dross in their gas muffler, may present a real lead hazard. The muriatic flux gives rise to irritating vapors and dermatitis. Electricallyheated soldering irons use rosin which is an irritant flux. The soldering of condensers which have been treated with chlorinated vapors presents an added toxic vapor hazard. Silver soldering may have harmful quantities of fluorides arise from the flux. Machine soldering is used extensively in making tin cans. Tinning pots create a certain amount of irritating smoke but the control of the lead used by adequate exhaust will also eliminate tbe smoke nuisance. Also when solder is removed in reclaiming metals by "sweating," the lead in tbe air is usually many tines the maximum limit of 1.5 mg. per 10 cu. m. Control measures in soldering operations come under the headings of good housekeeping proper hood ing and local exhaust, and conscientious personal hygiene. 269 Carbon Tetrachloride - Part 2 of a Literature Study of Reports of Occupational Injuries Attributed to Volatile Solvents. K.P. Quadland. Ind.Med., ^2, 821-829 (December, 1943). In this paper both occupational injuries and other damages from carbon tetra chloride are reviewed. Brief mention is made of acme reports which are not in cluded in the table. HM8B-0007786 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14 270 Carbon twtraehloride PolaoniTy Epidanie in a Parachute Plant. W.E. Doyle end C. Baker. lad. Med., 13, 184-198 (February, 1944). " An outbreak of illness, involving 137 war workers occurred in a plant manufactur ing nylon parachutes* The symptoms, namely, nausea, abdominal pains, vomiting, weakness, coughs, colds, headache, etc., constitute the recognized symptoms of carbon tetrachloride poisoning in various stages. This cause was definitely es tablished after the elimination of other possibilities and an investigation into working conditions. It is believed probably that all the mployees arc suffer ing from chronic or sub-clinical carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Remedial meas ures advised are: (1) Improvement of ventilation, which was inadequate because of efforts to conserve fuel; (2) Avoid any possible unnecessary soiling of nylon and thus limit the use of carbon tetrachloride; (3) Replace carbon tetrachloride with non-toxic solvents if possible. (4) Provide containers for carbon tetra chloride which automatically close when sot in use. (3) Persons who are unavoid ably exposed to carbon tetrachloride should: (a) Drink a quart of milk a day to increase their blood calciua level, (b) Avoid greasy foods, (c) Avoid the use of oily laxatives, (d) Whenever possible, rotate work to avoid prolonged expo sure. (e) Avoid the use of alcoholic beverages. -- Condensed from Authors' amncry 271 Aaiiwfchiazole Toxicity in Industrial Use* R.M. Watrous. Ind. Med., 12, 832-835 (December, 1943). Aoinothiazole, an inteimadiate in the synthesis of sulfathiazole, may readily be absorbed by chemical workers who handle it. A number of workmen exposed to air concentration ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 mg. per cu. ft. (0.0036 to 0.11 mg. per liter) complained of certain characteristic symptoms, the commonest of which were brown pigmentation of the urine, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. A few workmen, probably having developed a special sensitivity, responded to ordinary exposure by e syndrome of sudden onset, closely resembling serum sickness, and consisting of severe itching followed by severe migratory pains in the joints which incapa citated them for periods up to five weeks. Complete recovery without residual . damage followed. -- Author's summary. 78 *~ Toxic Dose of Inspired Radium Emanation. B. Rajewsky, A. Schraub and E. Schraub. Naturwlss. 30, 489-492 (1942). (Geiman). Results of experiments with mice, reports of cases of radium poisoning, and ob servations of conditions In pitchblende mines indicate that Read and Mottram's results (Brit. J. Radiol., 12, 54, 1939) arc approximately correct. They are, however, untrustworthy because young instead of adult mice were used, insuffi cient mice were used for adequate periods, and experimental conditions were in adequately controlled. The toxic concentration of radium emanation in air for mice is approximately 10" curie per cc. 273 Intracellular Penetration of Bromide as a feature in the Toxicity of Alkyl Brom ides. D.P. Miller and H.V. Haggard. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox., 25. 423-33 (Dec.,1943). Methyl bromide is hydrolyzed in the body with the fomation of inorganic bromide. In part, this hydrolysis may occur within the intracellular fluid, resulting in a distribution of bromide different from that for bromide given orally as sodium bromide. The systemic effects of methyl bromide may thus be an unusual form of bromidism with intracellular penetration of bromide. A few experiments on ethyl bromide indicate that it is less rapidly eliminated than methyl bromide and is also hydrolyzed to a less extent. With the amounts administered there was no indication of an appreciable accumulation of bromide in the intracellular water. The hydrolysis appeared to occur predominantly in the extracellular fluids, -- Authors' conclusions. 03118398 HfJBB-8807787 Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 15 274 Dangers of Methyl Chloride as Substitute for Freon. C.P. McCord and others. J.Xm.A., 134, 94 (January 6. 19447. Freon is no longer available in any quantity for use as a refrigerant because of Military requirements. The best substitute for use in the same mechanism is methyl chloride. The following precautions should be observed when the change aust be mad*: (1) Methyl chloride is toxic and inflammable; (2) Do not use .n methyl chloride where it will come in contact with aluminum or zinc; (3) Test the system for leaks before charging with methyl chloride; (4) Do not use a halide torofe when testing for leaks after the system has been filled with methyl chlor ide; (5) Increase superheat setting of "?reon"-charged thexmal expansion valves to maximum . (New orifice may be needed to reduce capacity of valve); ( 6) Install dryer in liquid line. r=?. 275 Toxicology of Dlchloromethane (Methylene Chloride). I. Studies on Effects of Dally Inhalation. L.A. Heppol, P.A. Neal and others. J.Ind.Ifyg. & Tox., 26, 53 8-16 (January, 1944). Several species of animals were exposed to 17 mg. per 1. (5,000 p.p.m.) of di- >: chloromethaae, 35 hours weekly, for 6 months. There was no evidence of toxic reaction by rabbits, rats or dogs, but a retardation of growth rate of guinea pigs appeared. No significant blood changes occurred in dogs or rabbits, and in dogs the arterial pressure remained within normal limits, and no evidence of liver damage was given by 6 of the usual liver tests. In another series of ex periments the exposure was to 10,000 p.p.m., 7^ weeks at 20 hrs. per week. Two out of 4 dogs and 4 out of 6 guinea pigs developed liver injury, but none was seen in monkeys, rabbits or rots. Several of the affected animals died, appar ently from acute pulmonary congestion and edema. Repeated applications of dichloromethane to the ears of albino rabbits lead to hyperemia followed by scaly etfoliatlon* Data are presented on concentration of dlchloromethane in the blood ad tala* of various animals. These experiments confirm other reports on the . comparatively low toxicity of dlchloromethane. No data are available concerning i the effects of repeated exposures on human beings, but from these anlmsl experi iments it is tentatively suggested that the maximum allowable concentration for 8 hours daily exposure is 500 p.p.m. 276 Toxicolog' of Dlchloromethane (Methylene Chloride). II. Its Effect Upon Running Activity in the Male Rat. L.A, Heppel and P.A. Neal. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 26, 17-21 (January, 1944). A concentration of 5,000 p.p.m. of dlchloromethane in air causes a great diminu tion in the running activity of young male rats as measured in a standard type of revolving drum. At this concentration the animals do not show any depressant effects by ordinary inspection. It is suggested that the application of perform ance tests might be a useful adjunct in determining permissible concentrations of toxic solvent vapors. -- Authors' summary. 277 Petroleum Solvents and Trichlorethylene. Part 3 of the Literature Study of Re ports of Occupational Diseases Attributed to Volatile Solvents. H.P. Q,uadland. Ind. Mod., 13., 46-51 (January, 1944). The case study covers only inhalation cases, and therefore excludes cases that have occurred through ingestion of petroleun distillates. No American cases of trichlorethylene prior to 1937 could be found. 03118399 278 Effect of Trichlorethylene on the Human. Canine and Rabbit Electrocardiogram. J.?. Mallach and others. Am. Heart J. . 26.' 377-384 (1943) . In dogs and rabbits there was a marked slowing of the heart rate, ectopic beats and alterations in the P and T waves. No significant electrocardiographic end blood pressure changes in nozmal human subjects or patients with cardiovascular disorders were observed. HttBB-0007788 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 16 279 Hazards of Tetrachlorethane on Shipboard. N.H. Friedman. U.S. Naval Med. Bull., 41. 179fc9C (Hovber. 1943). Sufficient quantities of tetrachlorethaae may be absorbed through the skin to produce complete necrosis. In the Navy, this substance is used as a solvent for organic substances in the impregnation of gas protective clothing. It may be used with safety in properly designed and maintained equipment if there is ade quate ventilation, avoidance of breathing the vapor or skin contact, and no in ternal use* The vapor is persistent in storage spaces, and thus ventilation may not be completely accomplished. Unnecessary exposure then permits asphyxia. To <rt\ prevent shipboard accidents it is recommended that: (1) hazards should be more fully recognized; (2) impregnated clothing and storage drms should be stowed in well ventilated compartments; (3) the substance should be supplied in smaller and sturdier drums for shipboard stowage, and (4) if practicable, a less toxic organic solvent should be substituted. 880 Carbon Disulphide; Part 4 of a Literature Study of Reports of Occupational Dis eases Attributed to Volatile Solvents* H.P. Quadland. Ind. Med., 13, 143-149 (February, 1944). The final study of a series reports in tabular foim the American cases of occupa tional exposure to carbon disulphide in the medical literature since 1932. Data given include circumstances, degree and length of exposure, ventilation, early and later symptoms, length of illness, and consequences. A number of cases which are'emitted are mentioned and reasons for the omissions are stated. 881 The Chromic Toxicity of Moderate Concentrations of Benzene and of Mixtures of )^eazena and Its Bamologues for Rats and Dogs. J,L. Svirbely, R.C. Dunn and W.P. von Cettiagen, J. Ind. fyg. & Tox., 26, 36-46 (February, 1944). Amfmals exposed to 1000 p.p.m. of benzene seemed to present the sane blood pic ' ' tmPb a* those exposed to 1000 p.p.m. of tvo blends containing 50 to 60 per cent - bemeeme, X to 35 per cent toluene, 4 per cent xylene, and other hydrocarbons. (The most characteristic features were a relative lymphopenia followed by leucocytosis and lymphocytosis. The differential count indicated changes in the meutrophils and lymphocytes only. No marked anemia was noted. The exposure time was about seven hours daily, five days a week for twenty-eight weeks. The urinary sulfate and hippuric acid excretion in the dogs depended upon the benzene and toluene content of the solvents. The pathologic changes found in rats exposed to benzene, Solvent X, and Solvent Y were described and compared. The spleens of many of the rats exposed showed some evidence of toxic effects -- hemosidero sis, small lymphoid follicles, and narrowing of the perifollicular collars of close packed, pale cells. Minor differences in the degree of change were noted in the case of each solvent. No significant pathologic changes were noted in dogs exposed to the solvents. -- Authors' conclusions. 282 An Unusual Case of Trinitrotoluene (TOT) Poisoning. W.D. McNally. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 26, 35 (January, 1944). The author reports a case of TNT poisoning in which the exposure consisted of dust settling on exposed parts of the body. Manifestations included yellow color, deimatitis, bleeding and running of the nose, bronchitis, headache, ner vousness, fatigue, constipation and hemorrhage under the akin of the dogs, which were not exposed. The man's condition returned to normal after removal from ex posure. The small number of cases of TNT and tetryl poisoning is undoubtedly due to the excellent work of the industrial hygienists and medical directors of the various plants. 03118400 HUBB-0007789 Industrial Hygieae Digest - 1? 883 Chiorohydrocarbon Solvents. E.W. McGovern. Ind. Eng. Chan., 35, 1230-1239 (December, 1943). Included in a comprehensive paper on the properties of chlorohydrocarbon solvents is a section on toxicity. The toxicitles of a nuaber of the solvents in thanselves are of the sane order of magnitude, but carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dichloride'are practically more toxic than other liquids of somewhat higher aolecular weight on account of their higher vapor pressures. Methyl and ethyl chlorides have low toxicitles, but, being gases at ordinary temperatures, the effect of leakage is a high concentration of the vapors with increased fire and health hazards. Chloroform, beta-trichlorcthane, and especially tetrachlorethane, possess high toxicitles, and must be used with precautions although their vapor pressures are low. In general, human beings should not be exposed to atmospheres in which the odors of chlorohydrocarbons are detectable. However, they may be all rendered sgfe by the use of properly designed equipment. Danger in skin con tact and decomposition at higher temperatures with formation of more toxic sub stances are discussed briefly, as are also methods of detection. 284 Bagasse Disease of the L^e. w.A. Sodeman and R.L. Pullen. New Orleans Med. & Surg. J., 95, 558-560 (June, 1943). A case of bagasse disease of the lung is reported together with the findings at biopsy in an Involved area of the lung. The picture appears to be that of an organic pneuaoconiosis. It is evident that particles of bagasse may enter the alveolar regions and produce this reaction. The mechanism of the changes, and the nature of the stimulus set up by the bagasse dust to produce the cellular reaction, remain obscure. 285 Pnemoconloeis and Working Conditions in Coal Mines. Brit. Med. J. No. 4316, 395-396 (September 25, 1943). The Ccmttee on Industrial Pulmonary Disease has been unabls to draw final con clusions on causation or differences in incidence of pneumoconiosis in the South Wales coalfield. Anthracite dust is more dangerous than that of bituminous mines. * The most important measure in prevention is the reduction of dust breathed by the miners. To this end, the cacmittee advocates a series of procedures which are discussed in this article: (1) maintenance of adequate ventilation, (2) use of water to prevent dust dispersion, (3) allaying of dust in roadways and at loading points, (4) reduction of shot-firing to a minimum, with fewest possible men exposed, (5) regulation of ripping processes, and (6) prevention of chill during spake journeys. 286 Liquefaction Necrosis in Bilateral Symmetrical Conglomerate Lesions of Anthracosllicosis of Lnp;: Rpr>rt of Case. B.J. McCloskey. Am. J. Roentgenol., 50, 42-45 (July, 1943). It is the intention of the author to show that the correct interpretation of the roentgen appearance of necrosis and cavitation in the conglomerate lesions of anthracosilicosis may be very difficult. A case is roported, showing these le sions, uncomplicated by tuberculosis. The only known exposure to silica was when the man worked as a pick miner in a soft coal mine for a period of 12 years and there was no exposure for a period of 44 years before his death. The roentgen ologic appearance of the necrotic areas was that of consolidation or pleural thickening. At sutopsy each cavity was found to contain thick, black, viscid fluid, which showed no free silica on examination. Examination of the cavity wall and surrounding lung tissue showed a content of 0.25 per cent silica. 287 A New Radiologic-Social Classification of Pulmonary Silfcosis. R.Lorca and others. Bol. de la~oficlna sanitaria oanamericana. 22. 976-881 (November. 1943).(Spanish). The authors review the principal systsas of classification of silicosis, includ ing that of Irvine and that adopted at the International Conference in 1930, They 03118401 . .n 3 yy. <C : Industrial Hygiene Digest - 18 then propose the following classification, reducing the eight groups to five: (1) exposed but showing no silicosis; (2) suspicious; (3) confimed phase No. 1, initial nodular fibrosis; (4) conflicted phase No. 2, marked nodular fribrosis; (5) confirmed phase No. 3, confluent nodular fibrosis. 288 Asbestosls and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desmeules and other*. Laval med., 8, 217 (March, 1943). (Trench). Asbestosls is an occupational disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust. It is diagnosed by the presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum, and is charac terized by the transformation of normal lung tissue into fibrous tissue. Symp toms appear usually five to seven years after the beginning of exposure. Both asbestosls and tuberculosis were seen in 8 workers exposed to asbestos dust for 20 years* In three of these cases asbestosls was masked by tuberculosis. 288 Asbestosls and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desmeules and M. Giroux. Laval Med., 8, 227 (March, 1943). (French). The case history of a 44 year old man is given who had worked for 20 years in an asbestos mill. After 10 years he had developed productive cough which increased gradually* Shortly before he was admitted to the hospital he started to run fever and had pains in the chest. The clinical diagnosis of ulcero-fibrous tuberculosis and asbestosls was confined by the autopsy* Diffuse peribronchial and perialveolar sclerosis was also seen. It Is believed that the first symptoms of asbestosls appeared ten years before the symptoms of tuberculosis, but the matter could sot be decided radiologicelly and pathologically. 290 Asbeatosis Bodies. H. Giroux. Laval Med., 8, 239 (March, 1943). (French). The "curious bodies" found in the sputua of patients suffering from pulmonary asbestosls usually measure 24 to 50 mu by 12 to 24 mu but can be as large as 880 am. They consist of a central fiber of asbestos which is covered by a goldenyallav substance containing iron. Rabbits, guinea pigs and one dog were exposed . to inhalation of asbestos dust. Asbestosls did not develop in the rabbits nor i in the dog* The guinea pigs showed, after several weeks, macrophages with asbes- \ tos fibers in their alveoli. Erythrocytes appeared in the alveoli, and hemoglo* bln derivatives containing iron could be found on asbestos fibers twc to three months after the beginning of the inhalation of the asbestos dust. When a sus pension of asbestos in olive oil was injected subcutaneously or into the testi cles of guinea pigs no asbestos bodies were fonned. However, if first one cc* of blood was injected end then the asbestos dust through the same needle, asbes tos bodies could be found one month later. The presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum is believed to be a definite sign of pulmonary asbestosls* 291 Coincidence of Primary Carcinoma of the Lungs and Pulmonary Asbestosls. F.Homburger. Am. j. Path., 1, 797-807 (September, 1943). ` In the medical literature there are now at least 19 known cases of asbestosls associated with primary pulmonary carcinoma. In 4137 autopsies at the pathology laboratory at Yale University School of Medicine, there were 45 cases of pulmon ary carcinoma in the years from 1918 to 1938. Asbestosls was diagnosed 8 times, silicosis 17 times. Pulmonary carcinoma was found in 4 of the 8 cases of asbes- tosis and twice in the 17 silicotic cases. Despite the high correlation of the foreign body asbestosis in the lungs with primary pulmonary carcinoma, this is a small series of cases and the value of these data is limited. Three cases are given in detail. The diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosls was diagnosed according to the following criteria: (1) fibrosis of the lung and (2) presence of asbes tosis bodies. 03118402 HW8B-0007790 HW88-0007791 Industrial fygiene Digest - 19 292 Pulmonary Asbestosis. L. Rousseau# Laval Med., 8, 233 (March, 1943). (Preach). The radiological picture of pulmonary asbestosis is not characteristic; it is usually similar to that of tuberculous fibrosis. The diagnosis is, therefore, often made only after asbestos bodies have been found in the sputum. Asbestos fibers may be seen in the sputa of individuals who do not suffer from asbestosis; asbestos bodies are due to a pathologic tissue reaction. Microscopical examina tion of the lungs of patients who have died from an intercurrent disease may show asbestosis, which had not been found on X-ray examination. The case history of a 42 year old man with asbestosis without tuberculosis is given. The patient had been working in the asbestos industry for 18 years. Por 2 years the patient had been suffering freon increasing cough, expectoration end dyspnea. Roentgenological examination showed"mottling of both lungs. Sputa and gastric.examinations were negative for tubercle bacilli. Asbestos bodies were found in the sputum. Methods of Detection and Determination 293 The Quantitative Determination of Cyanide in Air. D. Lester. J. Ind. Hyg. k Tox>. 26# 61-63 (February. 1944). ~ The author describes a method for cyanide determination based upon the colori metric measurement of cyanide derivative formed from methemoglobin exposed to air containing cyanide. An air sample of 1 liter is sufficient for determining a concentration as low as 1 part per million, with an error of 0.1 parte per million, higher concentrations to 2$ accuracy. The colorimetric measurement de pend* upon the change in light absorption of methemoglobin at wave length 635 MUi-microne, which decreases with the conversion in accordance with the Beers- Lambert law. Full details of collection and determination procedures are given. 294- Sampling and Analysis of Air Contaminants. F-H. Goldman. Ind.Med., 13, 100-103 ' (January, 1944). The analysis of air for various contaminants especially substances produced for military use, is described briefly. The standard implnger and midget implnger may be used for the collection of ammonium picrate, dinitrotoluene, tetryl, TNT, nitroglycerine, mercury fulminate, tracer bullet mixtures, fluorides, metal fumes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and war gases. The tests after collection are indicated very briefly. The Shepherd bottle is used for collecting substances such as nitrogen oxides or benzene, as one type of a grab sampler. The electro static precipitator and the benzol indicator are discuseed briefly, with mention of other special methods. 295 Analysis of Atmospheric Contaminants Containing Nitrate Groupings. H. Yagoda and F.H. Goldman. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox.. 25 . 440-444 (December. 1943). Methods are described for the estimation of nitroglycerine, PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), nitrous fumes, and ammonium nitrate in atmospheres arising from manufacturing processes. The analyses are based on the nitration of m-xylenol in 62.5# sulfuric acid and the colorimetric determination of the nitro-xylenol isolated by a simple steam distillation. -- Authors*" suntf?* 296 Dust Measurement. W.Gruadmenn. Arch.tech.Mesaen Lfg. 126. T. 152,2 (1941) .(German) Dust measurement is possible with the Tyndalloueter by determination of the in~ tensity of the scattered light of the dusty eta^Mire* Calibration ourves for the various sorts of dust must be made because^BrWfects of size, foai and op tical surface effects of the dust particles muspegp eliminated to eecure an 03118403accurate measurement of the dust concefltratlOBiP ^ Industrial Hygiene Digest - 80 H8BB-0007792 297 Mieyfteh^cal Determination of Mercury. A. Stock. Mikrochanie ver. Mikrochlm. Acta. 30, 12B-136 (1941)7" In detaxmining less than one-tenth of a microgram of mercury, the author feels that the presence of mercury in the air is the principal cause of error. Com plete directions are given for getting the mercury in a sample Into solution, precipitating with hydrogen sulfide and carrying out the electrolytic determina tion recommended in previous papers. To remove excess chlorine it is best to heat with 20% hydroacylamine hydrochloride solution. The presence of considerable hydrochloric acid in the electrolyte does no harm and the voltne may be as large as 100 ml. Under proper conditions with respect to distilling off the mercury, results aocurate to one-tenth microgram can be obtained without the use of liquid air for cooling. All reagents used should be carefully tested for mercury. Sim plified directions for carrying out the tests are described. The procedure recom mended by Keith and Tan Dijk is no simpler than that recosmended by the author and is lees aocurate for determining quantities under one microgram. 298 Determination of Small Amounts of Acrylonitrile In Air. G.W. Petersen and H.H. Radies. lad. & Eng. Chen. Anal .Ed. t 16. 63-64 (January. 1944). 0 The recent widespread ase of acrylonitrile in the manufacture of one type of synthetic rubber has made it imperative that a quantitative method for air analy sis be developed. Toxicity experiments conducted by the U. S. Public Health Ser vice indicate that the maximum allowable limit for acrylonitrile is in the neigh borhood of 2Q p.p.m. The author describes a method depending upon a modified Kjeldahl reaction in which the absorbing solution containing the acrylonitrile is made strongly alkaline and then oxidized with hydrogen perloxide. Upon reflux ing, the acrylonitrile is converted quantitatively to ammonia, which is distilled into a standard acid solution. Full details and precautions are given. 29T .fftehaflaqjrlc Photometer for Determining Carbon Disulfide In the Atmosphere. 9* iHwagman. Ind. & Eng. Chen.. Anal. Ed. 15. 592-S95 (September. 1943). fhe author describes an absorption photometer based on the same principle as the tri-Per Analyser by V.7. Hanson. In this case a different absorption band is Utilized which is sensitive for carbon disulfide and is not affected appreciably by normal atmospheric constituents. The instrument covers a range of concentra tions from 2 to 200 p.p.m. The accuracy is 1 p.p.m. and the time of determina tion is approximately one minute. 300 The Filargraph: A Recording Device to Facilitate Filar Micrometry. 2.D. Palmes. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 26, 64-67 (February, 1944). By use of the Filargraph a single operator can conveniently perform all the operations of filar micrometry without the eyestrain ordinarily associated with this.work. The Filargram is a convenient, permanent inked record of measurements which allows one to separate particle measurements into various size groups with ease and rapidity. The time required for a series of measurements is reduced by at least tvk> thirds. Data obtained with the Filargraph is in very good agree ment with that obtained with the filar micrometer alone. 301 The Use of the Microscope in Particle Size Analysis. G.L. Fairs. Cbeo. and Indust., 62, 374-78 (October 2. 1943). (London). The author discusses in detail microscopic procedures for partiole size analysis. One interesting detail is the fact that sodium vapor light reduced eyestrain and improved resolution, ana therefore the writer used it as a standard for his meas urements. Results are compared with turbidimeter and photosedimentation appar atus. The turbidimeter requires less time but ifTaot as satisfactory for parti cles between 0-10 microns. ' 03118404 lAdustrl&l Hygiene Digest - 21 HWBB-0007793 Control Methods 302 Control of Welding Fumes In Shipbuilding Operations* Y. Rosenfeld. Ind. Med., 13, 103-105 {January, 1944). Thm following facts were deterained as a result of air sailing and analysis in two major shipyards: (1) Where no control measures in the form of exhaust equip, ment were used, potentially toxic concentrations of metallic f\jaes, primarily . lead and zinc, were being released from welding operations oa galvanized steel. (2) Where welding was tone on ungalvanized materials only ferric oxide dusts and makes were obtained. (3) A number of illnesses of a respiratory character were reported. (4) Nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide were generally negligible. (5) Thera was no hazard due to oxygen depletion. Control measures advised are the . installation of local exhaust equipment and air-supply ventilation. The latter alone may suffice for electric arc welding on black iron. Respirators may be used for aaergancies and for daily exposures of short duration. 303 Grounding Electrical Soulaaent in and about Coal Mines. F.E. Griffith and E.J. Glela. U*8. Bureau of Mines. Rept. Invest., No. 3734. 15 pp. (December, 1943). Briefly the'conclusions from experimental work are: (1) metal parts resting on a nine floor do not make an efficient ground; (2) a single peg or rod is not dependable; (3) fish-platod, unbonded track is satisfactory; (4) the resis tance of all ground connections should be determined periodically, especially in the spring; .(5) in the absence of track or other suitable conductor, a separate ' eottfafftor stould be connected to a grounding electrode of known resistance. 306 Use and Misuse of Flame Safety Lamps. W.H, Tomlinson. U.S. Bureau of Mines, * Inf. Ctr., No. 7271, 14 pp. (January, 1944). $ Seven typical accidents are mentioned, all caused by defects or careless use of a safety lamp. The historical development of the safety lamp is given briefly and the modern lamp and its proper operation are described. Coal companies are urged to make certain that all persons who use lamps are thoroughly familiar with their construction, proper assembly and correct method of inspection and testing; also to insist on proper training of all persons whose duties require them to test for gas. Other precautions include prohibition of smoking and carrying matches underground and employing only persons with good vision for gas testing. 305 Accidents Due to Misuse of Explosives. D. Harrington and J.H. East, Jr. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Inf. Cir., No. 7259 14 pp. (November, 1943). ^ Fourteen accidents, many fatal, at widely separate localities, and with varied " causes, are described, as asmples of some of the foolish things that should not be done when explosives are handled or used. Quoting frem the summary, "Ultimate ly rigid laws should be enacted requiring that all persons who engage in blast ing shall have a certificate of competency issued by the State after the appli cant has passed a rigid examination embodying fundamental facts on the character istics and hazards of explosives." 306 Fire Control in Mamesium Foundries. R.I. Thrtaae. Am. Foundrymen's Assoc., Reprint 43-36, pp. 109-123 (1943). As a result of a series of experiments and actual magnesium fire extinguishing experience, the magnesiim foundry, with which the author is connected, developed the methods and selected the fire extinguishing materials found to be moat effi cient. Reclamation of metal chips and safe dlnpQMl of fine duet are presented as practical operations. -- Author's abstract.' HUBB-0007794 Industrial Bygida* Digest - 22 30? Limits of litfimnabllity and Ignition Temperatures of Acetie Anhyrii-M*. g.W. Jones, 7.S. Scott and G.S. Scott. U.S. Bur. of Mines, Kept. Invest., No. 3741 (Dbosmber, 1943). The temperatures between which sir saturated with acetic anhydride vapor forms inflomabls mixtures were found to be 47.3 and 74.4 C. (117 and 166 ?,). These data correspond to concentrations of 2.67 and 10.13% by voltj&e. All mixtwee between these percentages at the temperatures given above are inflammable. The flash point by the standard closed cup tester was found to be 124 F. (510C.). The ignition temperatures were found to be 392 C. (738 F.) in air and 361 C. (682 F.) in o^rgen. -- Authors' summary. 308 MlceJan Signal Alarms and Power Releases. W.J. Fens and H.P, Weaver. U.S. Bureau of Vines, Inf. Circ., No. 7262 , 6 pp. (Novaaber, 1943). The circular describes signal claims and power releases which automatically give warning signals and shut off the power when any interruption in ventilation has oocurred. 309 A Discussion of Acoustic Cells for Airplane Engine Test Buildings. D. Fitzroy. J. Acoustical Soc. of Am., 15, 106-113 (October, 1943). The noise generated in testing airplane engines is annoying to the personnel of the airfield and even to residents living at some distance. The difficult problt of quieting this noise has been a subject of investigation. Findings and reccsne&datlons are stated. 310 The Means for Reducing the Concentrations of the Quicksilver Vapors in the Air of Working Rooms of Manufactories Producing Individual Packets. G. L. fSklianakaye-Vasilievskaya. Hygiene tt Health, Moscow, Nos. 1-2, 37-40 (1942). (Russian). Zft factories engaged in the manufacture of packets of surgical dressings it was . fovaA that the air of all shops contained a high concentration of mercury. This ^ cam from decomposition of sublimate solution, or from dust arising during the | cutting of impregnated gauze. The cellulose of g&uze has an affinity for cblor| lne, with which it combines during the processes of soaking and drying, and mercury is therefore set free; the iron lining of the autoclave acts in a similar manner, and free mercury is deposited at the bottom. Currents of hot air escap ing from the autoclave rooms and the drying rooms carry the mercury vapor into other shops. By enclosing the autoclave and drying cupboards in exhaust chambers, and by Isolating the drying and autoclave shops from other parts of the factory, great reduction was effected in the amount of mercury in the air. It was also found that the addition of sodium chloride to bichloride of mercury, to facili tate solution, tended to force metallic mercury out of the compound when the latter was heated; iodine compounds have only one-tonth of the effect of sodiua chloride in this respect. Tbs author suggests that bichloride could be dissolved in boiling water (in which it is readily soluble) in an exhaust chamber, and that cooling should also take place in an exhaust chamber, since it is in these processes that noxious vapor is likely to be given off.' 311 The Prevention of Lead Poisoning in Blast-Furnace Operations. Bauer. Reichsajv beitsblatt 22, III, Arfceitsschutz, 337-342 (1942). (German). Ordinarily the danger of lead poisoning from this source is not very serious; however, there is some danger with those furnaces which produce special grades of iron that are made from raw material containing lead. A typical case is the Duisburg Ifcchofcnwcrk which processes the so-called "Purpurerz." The lead con tent of the iron dross was 0.3-0.9% originally; however, the use of a new alkali process which dissolved the lead by means of a concentrated sodiim chloride solu tion lowered the lead content of the iron dross to 0.18-0.20%. This new process 03118406 HMBB-0007795 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 increased the cases of lead poisoning which was traced hack to the fact that in this new process the lead is converted to volatile lead chloride which escapes partly into the atmosphere. This danger was overcome by powerful mechanical ven tilation and the use of full instead of partial gas masks. 312 The Safe Handling and Storage of Anhydrous Hydrofluoric Acid. C.M. Fehr. Chem. Inds. 53, 505-510 {October, 1943). Petrolem Refiner 22, 239-44 (August, 1943). Oil and Gas J., 42, 39-40, 41-2 (July 22, 1943). The principal properties of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid are given, in their rela tionship to the problem of handling. The host materials for construction of con tainers and handling equipment were found, by laboratory and pilot plant tests as wall as in actual operation, to be a thoroughly deoxidized steel. Monel may be used for the fabrication of laboratory equipment. Copper is satisfactory in certain parts of the procoss and silver and platinum may be employed where con struction justifies. Unsatisfactory materials are also mentioned. Details con cerning construction and capacity of shipping containers and storage vessels are given* The transfer of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid may be accomplished either by pressure padding with dry air or an inert gas or by pumping. Types of pumps and suitable packing are discussed. Welding is indicated for use wherever possible in the construction and erection of equipment* Recommended safety practices in clude: careful selection of personnel, periodic inspection of premises and equipment. Instruction of employees as to hazards, use of certain articles of clothing made of or coated with neoprene, provision of water for washing tools and automatic safety showers. Comments on first aid abody principles similar to those given above. All suggestions ore to be used only as means of reducing injury and mitigating suffering while awaiting the arrival of a physician fami liar with the treatment of hydrofluoric acid bums. 313 Ssftter Precautions in Manufacturing Butadiene. C.E. Starr, Jr. Nat. Petroleua News, SB, R521-525 (1943). 4 Safety measures to be used in storage, transfer, processing operations, loading * tank cars, sampling and testing are discussed. 314 Chlorinated Compounds Precautions in Handling. A.G. Cranch. Ind. Med., 13^ 110 (January, 1944). The precautions presented for handling chloro-naphthalene, chloro-diphenyl, and related chlorinated compounds are applicable also to operations where analogous materials are employed. This group of synthetic waxes has certain characteristic toxic properties, whose action causes a form of acne which is moro widely dis tributed on the body than common acne. Preventive measures arc classified as mechanical and hygienic. The former consist of good housekeeping throughout the plant, an enclosed type of equipment, and installation of exhaust ventila tion. Personal hygienic measures are those generally observed where dermatitis may result from exposure to toxic chemicals. Classes of individuals who should not be employed on this work are listed. 315 Germicidal Aerosols for Post Vter Air Conditioning1? Hutchinson. Heat. 5c Vent., 41, 58-60 (January, 1944). Present air conditioning processes are not noteworthy for their effectiveness in establishing pure and "fresh'* indoor atmospheres. One proposed method of im proving this condition is through use of finely atomized miete of solutions hav ing pleasant odors and bactericidal power. Development work on such germicidal aerosols has been accelerated as a consequence of the war and there is now a distinct possibility that such aerosols may become a standard part of post war air donditionisg installations. -- Author's summary. 03118407 MiBB-0007796 '(('Ill'll Industrial Hygiene Digest - 24 316 Ventilation and Atmospheric Pollution. Defense Ventilation and Air Conditioning Parole--* C.P. Yaalou. Chairman. American Public Health Assoc.. Report at CasZ alttae. Am. J. Pub. Health.. 33, 859-861 (July, 1943). Tvr --all workshops and factories that are ventilated by natural methods several type* of blackout ventilators have been developed which obscure the outward pas sage of light without obstructing the air flow too much. Air conditioning of gun turrets aboard fighting ships has speeded up the firing rate by removing powder ft--* and keeping the temperatures down. Submarines and sick bays of surface ehlpa are now cooled in tropical waters to overcome temperatures of 90 to 95^., and tojttldities approaching the saturation point. Among the n*v developments in -in4u*tri*l air conditioning is the conduits system of ventil*ban which distribntee conditioned air at high velocities through small coa&u&ti instead of large duct*. A compact and inexpensive centrifugal airwasher is being developed for decontaminating air from chemical war gases and mists by centrifuging and counter- oiawent washing with chemical solutions. Complete bouse insulation, including wall and roof insulation in addition to weather stripping, may save as much as $ 6051 of fuel. 317 Tkm Control of Magnesium Dust. J.M. Kane. Am. Foundrymen's Assoc., Reprint 45-34 pp. 124-130 (1943). The critical characteristic of magnesium dust is the ease with which it can be ignited. Therefore the various operations in which magnesium dust may be formed must be provided with suitable exhaust systems. The author describes such sys tems in some detail for use with the principal stages of fabrication of magne sium castings, including grinding, polishing, buffing and grinding, filing of steads and flexible shafts. The following safety precautions are recommended: (1) totally enclosed motors should be used; (2) all equipment should be grounded; (5) a protective device should prevent operation unless the liquid flow is cor- wm14) equipment fer magnesium should not be used for ferrous metals until ^cleaned; (5) extreme care should be exercised in the use of cutting torches. The } author discusses the question of oil versus water as a dust collecting medium, tpointing out their relative advantages, but not recommending one to the exclusion of the other, believing that the advantages of the oil do net necessarily Justi fy the additional expense. (This position is severely criticised In the discus sion by C.C. Heunarm, who considers the liberation of hydrogen when magnesium is stored under water a definite hazard, and insists that all collectors employing water should be vented.} ' 318 Dirty Aprons and Floor Dust are Spotted as Silicosis Hazards. M. Reuter. Ceram, lad., 42,, 54, 57 (February, 1944). This is a brief account of the control of silicosis hazards by Buffalo Pottery Co. At the beginning of the survey the employees and their union were assured that silicosis is no cause for discharge, and that mild cases of silicosis are not aggravated by conditions controlled within en acceptable minimun. After a thorough dust survey, steps were taken to remove the dust hazards, including: (1) furnishing clean aprons daily; (2) daily scrubbing of floors; (3) machines to eliminate the hand batting-out operation; (4) wire gratings on finishing benches; (5) grated bench tops for special batting-out operations; (6) change of speed in exhaust fans; and (7) isolation of dusty process**. 03118408 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 HUBB-0007797 Industrial Medical Practice 319 Ocoupati***! Disease - The Approaches to an Adequate Study. J.G. Townsend. Ind.Med., 13, 132-135 (February, 1944). . The following are key points to consider in an approach to an adequate study of occupational disease situations: (l) Have a sound workable program. (2) Be familiar with all phases of work in the plant. (3} Know the occupational disease lair In your jurisdiction. (4) Perform the proper diagnostic tests. (5) Obtain data while the subject is hot. (6) Record your observations. (7) Report the caaa. (6) Use consultants and review the literature. (9) Cooperate with and en list the aid of works engineers and safety men in solving knotty occupational dis ease problems. (10) Play ball with the local practitioner. - Author's recapitu lation. 320 Labor-Protection Problems in Wartime in Sweden. H. Starland. Ind. Safety Survey (intern.) 19, 89-95 (1943), The health hazards resulting from the use of wartime substitutes are discussed. Among these are oarbon monoxide from the increased use of producer gas both in motor vehicles and as an industrial fuel* acetylene used as a fuel, substitute solvents and cleaning agents (e.g., benzene, trichloroethylene, carbon disulfide and furfural), and materials used in furniture polishes and in the munitions in dustry. 321 Industrial Hygiene Education Materials. U.S. Public Health Service. 32 pp.{l943). this is a'book of instructions for the use of photographs, pamphlets, posters ttst films distributed by Public Health Service. The photographs, dealing with - silicosis hazards, physical examinations, plant housekeeping, the fur felt hat V Industry, and a few other hazardous occupations, are reproduced in the book, as < ^ are a few of the posters. 322 The Married Woman Worker. Alabama State Health Dept., Ind. Med., K3, 94-98 (January, 1944). The absentee rate for women, which has been consistently higher than that for men, is a problem of importance. A suggestion for meeting this problem is the adop tion of a maternal health program. Some recommendations to guide the formation of such policies are outlined. 323 Factors in Reducing Industrial Absentocian. H.O. Roberts. Executives Service Bull. (Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.) 21. 3-4 (November, 1943). Servel, Inc., when confronted with absenteeism on conversion to war production, adopted a plan which does not inflict penalties on absentees but rather plans incentives and awards for "presentees.rt The plan is substantially an attendance contest, with prizes to the- individual with 6 months' and 1 year's perfect atten dance record, and plaques to the departments with the best attendance. The success of the plan is evidenced by the decrease in absentee rate from 10.02# to 5.75^ from April to July. Nutrition and recreation programs have aided in bring ing about success. 03118409 324 Frequency and Duration of Disabilities Causing Absence from lork Among the Baployees of a Public Utility. 1938-1942. W.M. Gafafer. Pub.Health Repts., 58, 1554-1560 (October 15, 1943). Absences on account of industrial injuries have increased during this period, while absences for non-industrial injuries have decreased. The annual industrial HttBB-0007798 Industrial Qygieos Digest - 26 injury rates for females are consistently lower than the corresponding Tates for ales, while their non-industrial rates are consistently higher. The five-year average for the number of days per male absence on account of industrial injuries Is approximately 32 days, the corresponding average for females being 36. Non industrial injuries show five-year averages of 11 and 14 days for males and fe males respectively. There is also shown a positive correlation between the moveMt of the respiratory disease rate and the rata for all sickness. It appears thrt for all the males as well as for te females the digestive diseases contri bute least to the- average annual nunber of days absent per person; the respiratory group and the aon-respiratory-non-digestive group, on the other hand, yield larger rates and are similar in magnitude for both sexes. aar&gsMs. Absenteeism Among Industrial Workers. Third Quarter of 1943. W. M. Gafafer. Mimeographed bull., U. S. Public Health Service, {-February, 1944). A comparison of the third-quarter absentee rates for 1943 with the corresponding oast for 1942 shows with only a few exceptions an increase for each cause. The umber of absences of 8 days or longer on account of sickness and non-industrial injuries is 107.8 per 1000 males, which is an increase of 15# over last year. The respiratory group showed the greatest gain, and the digestive the least. Thus the time lost from respiratory diseases is still increasing as it has since *1940, On the other hand, extensive gains in rheumatic diseases, diseases of the mhc--eh except cancer, diseases of the heart and arteries, nephritis, bronchitis end nervous diseases show a gain peouliar to 1943. These increases are attri buted to employment conditions, Including hiring of youths and older workers, seme long employed, some inexperienced, and some excluded from the aimed forces, overcrowding, migration and other causes. . 384 Mbeeateeiaa of Industrial Workers. A.T. Court. Michigan State Med. Soc., 42. Kf7 (September, 1943). --gNWPb presents charts on the basis of which he analyzes absenteeism among indusroricers. All of the increase in disability rates has been in respiratory | diagnoses, the other major classifications having remained about stable. Prom JT1939 through 1942, respiratory difficulties were both the most frequent and the ^only expanding major cause of disability. The almost universal use of supple ' mentary vitamins and the wide availability of "cold shots" does not seem to have helped much. One of the charts shows for General Motors men the time lost in 1942 frem short term sickness, serious sickness, non-occupation&l accidents and occupational accidents. The relative unimportance of the last category is ob vious. Recent public statmaents by poorly infoxmed persons have exaggerated the importance of industrial accidents by 1,000 per cent or more. Another chart compares the stable rate of serious sickness among General Motors factory work ers, with a sharp increase in short term absenteeism which has occurred among these workers. An analysis of this rapidly increasing short teim absenteeism shows that the workers themselves give personal sickness as the reason for non attendance in about two thirds of all cases, with sickness of other members of the family and other personal needs making up the remainder. When this short term personal absence (alleged to be mostly sickness) is analyzed day by day it is found that it is heavily concentrated on Saturdays and Mondays. These days average about twice the lost time rate that is shown on payday each week. Thus it appears that the type of absenteeism which is currently most disturbing - that is, short term absenteeism - is usually attributable to sickness which reaches epidemic proportions around the week end. Another striking fict about personal lost time is that absenteeism is concentrated anong a few workers who compose a chronic fringe having more than their share of time off. One obvious character istic is the relative youth of the group. A plant physician may be able in an 03118410 HHBB-0007799 Industrial $rgiene Digest - 27 important number of cases to help effect some reorientation of the individual's understanding of his job or his home problems which will enable him to cope better with tfcoee temptations which lead to excessive "week end sickness" and related types of absence. 327 Psychosomatic Medicine and the General Practitioner. G.H. Stevenson. Canad. Med. Assoc. J., 49, 488-492 (December, 1943). The author classifies psychic features in disease as follows: (1) delirious states (psychoses) due to toxemias affecting the brain; (2) delirious states due to. organic brain disease; (3) delirious states due to constitutional predisposi tion, acted on adversely by environmental stresses, and (4) mental factors com plicating or in part causing, actual physical disease. Each class is then sub divided, with most attention given to psychoneuroses which come under the third class. Their treatment consists essentially of finding and rgeoving the emotion al factors with symptomatic treatment of physical aspects. Paychotherapf/usually simple suggestion. The will to be well must be developed in patients and must be aroused by tactful, definite persuasion, example and encouragement. 328 The Psychiatrist and Industrial Organization. An. J. Psychiatry. 100, 286-287 (September, 1943). The psychiatrist has been playing his part in special war activities. On the ad vent of peace the psychiatrist may feel bound to continue his special contribu tion to the current issues of contemporary social life. With a closer grasp of the factors which influence the satisfactions of the industrial worker, and which have a bearing on his feeling of self-respect and of solidarity with his fellows, the psychiatrist will be of more help to his individual patient and a more valu able adviser to those who are in a position to mould the industrial and social organization of the community. 329 The Care of Mon-Occupational Injuries and Illnesses. A. McCausland. Ind. Med., 13. 129*130 (February, 1944). When wartime conditions make it necessary for employees and their families to turn to the plant medical department for treatment of personal illnesses nanoge: ment should make its industrial physicians available to treat patients on a pri vate physician-patient relationship. Material facilities of the plant medical unit may be rented to the physician for this 'use. The service should be given at a time when the physician is not on duty at the plant. The question as to whether treatment is part of industrial medical service must be determined by the physician. 330 Health for Your Workers, A Yardstick for Measuring Health Services in Your Plant. Committee on Industrial Health, Health Advisory Council, Chamber of Commerce of the United States. 9 pp. No date. This is an industrial self-evaluation fora for the use of business concerns that want to determine for thaasolves the adequacy of their health care, or are plan ning to inaugurate or expand their health programs. It is not a questionnaire and is not intended for return. A space for yes, no and remarks is provided for each question considered. For instance, the first point is physician, full time, part time, or on call, yos cr no for each. Sections A, Personnel and B, Quarters and Equipment, are not scored, but a score is provided in Section C, Health Activities and Services. Q31i84ii 331 Precision Necessitates Fitness - A Medical and Surgical Service and a Vision Program. H.G. Gardiner and C.O. Sappington. Ind. Med., 13, 13^.42 (Feb. ,1944), The evolution of a standard industrial medical and surgical service in a modern precision industry is described briefly, supplemented by illustrations of layout, equipment and forms. In this establishment, because of the nature of the work and the necessity for visual fitness, the visual program, developed .within a year, now represent# one of the best in American industry. - From author* suBsary. Industrie! I$rgine Digest - 28 HWBB-0007800 332 An Industrial Medical Department - Organization and Administration. M.IJ.Manson. lad. Med*, 12, 46-861 (December, 1943). Information is presented relative to the amount of floor space, equipment and operating costs for a medical office in a plant employing approximately 1500 workers. The size of the industrial medical staff depends upon several factors, which are described. The phase of administration considered is the matter of selection of the director - whether he should be a physician or a layman. The relationships of the industrial physician viith management, saployees, the legal departaent, the employment and safety departments, and organized labor are also explained. 333 Pre-SttPloyment Examinations: Unusual Findings at Douglas Aircraft. W.S. Keate. Calif. & Western Med.. 59. 162-164 (September. 1943). ~ The examination of each applicant embraces a "strip" physical, including a pelvic examination for all but unmarried females. Saears are taken where indicated. Special eye examinations for visual acuity, Keystone testing, and color testing, using standard methods and charts arc performed. A routine flat-plate chest X-ray is made, and X-rays of other areas where indicated. A routine Kahn blood test, hemoglobin and blood cell count is made. A urinalysis is complete for all males, but must be specifically ordered on females* Qualified and limited em ployment has been substituted for rejection, with a consequent decrease in rejec tions. Due consideration is given to the hazard created by employing such an in dividual, as well as the personal hazard the occupation offers. General clinical observations arc enumerated and ccemented upon. It is felt that this system con tributes an important share toward helping keep workers on the job and to lessen the hours of lost production. 334 Rooq4ar the "Seeing Eye" of Industrial Medicine. W.J. Fulton. Ind. Med., 13. 1-35 Ossuary, 1944). _ The author discusses medical records from the general standpoint and in many de- { tails of the methods of use. The general purpose of the records is sumarlzed 1 in two slogans -- "make the individual their first aim," and "records to use - * not to file." Accuracy and simplicity are stressed. The chief value of the paper, however, is in the numerous reproductions of actual forms and records covering almost every industrial medical contingency. 335 The Pre-Saployment Physical Examination. A. Randell. Ohio State Med. J., 39, 350 (April, 1943). * The plant physician must be thoroughly familiar with all types of work done in the establishment, and with the physical requirements of these positions. By using a complete form with special attention to those items particularly apply ing to a job, it is possible to place employees in work best suited to their abilities and to reduce the number of unnecessary rejections. 336 Pitfalls in Occupational Disease Diagnosis. P.A. Davis. Ohio State Med. J., 39_, 337-338 (April, 1943). The greatest pitfalls in diagnosis in occupational disease are found when there is absence of knowledge of the substances in. question. In avoiding pitfalls a differential diagnosis must be made, and all data possible must be obtained to substantiate the diagnosis. The author discusses many of the newly developed hazards, and industrial causes of dermatitis, which is the occupational disease which seams to lead in frequency, especially in war industries* By following a definite procedure, such as the one suggested by the author, he feels that pit falls in diagnosis may be kept to a minimum. 03118412 HliBB-0007801 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 9 337 The Periodic ftrwm.n&tlon of Workers in Non-Toxic Chaalcals. G.M. VJeldie. ind. Mad,. Ij, 126-128 (February. 19441". Periodic ttninations of workers in non-toxic chomicqls are an important feature of a*? industrial medical program. The frequency and the procedures of these examinations are not subject to standardization, but the more thorough the examij attorn and the less protracted the interval between examinations, the greater the benatftt to employees and employer. The fruit of the periodic examination is the use mad# of its findings. Baployees should be advised of the results of the ex amination, and should bo urged to secure nodical assistance in the correction or the improvement of physical defects. Employees cannot be permitted by their nsgleet? of their physical deficiencies to jeopordize the safety of their fellow mozftmem or become hazardous to thauselves or to their employars.--Auttor's summary 338 The PhySloiens Responsibility in Illness and Injury of PnoeMMln (Occupational or Jfon-Occupational) Origin. T.J. Nereim. Ind. Med.. 13. 13D-132 (Feb. .1944). "Whenever there is a question of doubt as to the source of a disability, it is usually eonaldered to be occupational in origin," is a principle stated and re iterated by the author. Reference is made to a class of workers, who, because of the present need, have been admitted into industry. They often come to the medical department with complaints that are the result of fear, apprehension and the power of suggestion. These persons must be recognized and treated judicious ly* A poup of diseases, including chronic cardiac and renal diseases, diabetes, pernicious anemia, allergies may be treated by the industrial physician, though they? are not industrial in origin. These diseases require close supervision that the patients may perform certain tasks and not become hazards to themselves and other workers. The extent to which treatment is given depends upon: The location of the plant; the facilities and personnel available; and the assistance of the practicing physicians in the plant area. S3* ______ L.B. Ctltingtjognin.atlIonnd.oMf Wedo.,rkers in Toxic Chemicals. {February, 1944). The author discusses a nvzaber of aspects of the examining physician's experience, emphasizing the improvement in habits and attitude of the workers arising from confidence in the examiner. The benefit to tho examiner himself is a point not usually mentioned in similar discussions. Individual attention to workers and general concern for their health, beyond the routine of examination, is necessary for the physician's success. 340 An Effective Preventive Medical Program at an Army-Operated Industrial Plant. E.W. Probst and L.D. Lewis. Ind. Med., 13., 43-45 (January, 1944). The physiological effects of specific chemicals on individuals could not be followed because of rapid personnel transfers and frequent operational changes. Using the Foulger system, excessive toxic exposures have been discovered through abnormal scores. These discoveries led to improvements in the working environ ment and manufacturing methods. Systemic effects have been avoided by removing individuals developing abnormal blood pressure scores. - Authors* summary. 341 The Place of Dentistry in Industrial Health Programs. L.D. Keacock. Ind. Med., 12, 672-680 (October, 1943). The realization that non-occupationel diseases and illnesses cause by far the greater percentage of absenteeism, with the consequent production and economic loss, is resulting in greater attention being paid to these conditions of the worker's health. Many of the non-occupational dlseasos and some of the more serious nutritional deficiencies may be recognized by their oral manifestations, and also the industrial dentist must be qualified to recognize and record, as welie treat, mouth lesions resulting from over-exposure to industrial hazards. Indus trial dental programs are discussed and methods suggested for prova0g dental "rrl~- 03113&3 HWBB-0007802 Industrial Sygieme Digest - 30 342 Program for the Handicapped. R.W. fismons. Manpower Rev,, 11, 15-16 (Jan.,1944). The article relates the acconplisinaents of the U.S, Saployment Service in Ohio in placing handicapped workers. The total number placed in the first 11 months of 1943 was 12,016. Out of the total number of registrants for employment, 12# of the males and 3# of the females had some physical impairment. About one- fifth of these were skilled workers. With careful selection of the workers for the jobs* their work has been very generally satisfactory. Their attendance records hare been at least as good as those of other workers. A thorough search Is being made for possible additional handicapped wrkers who are not now regis tered. 343 Materiel for War Produced by Blind. C.R. Budd, Domestic Ctmmrcs. 31, 19-20 (December, 1943). A brief paper calls, attention to the considerable amount of war material produced by blind trorkers, under the Wagner-0'Day Act directing Federal departments to buy certain material from the blind. In sewing, a safety guard made from parts of a confiscated pin bail machine protects the operator's hand from contact with the needle. The use of the device can probebly be extended to other machinery. In some occupations particular blind workers have excelled seeing workers, "thread chasing" is given as an example. A government conaitteo is in charge of purchases from the blind, and post-war employment is being studied. 344 Placing the Physically Handicapped in Industrial Banlovment. H.L. Reed. Ind. Med.. 13 120-122 (February. 1944). The study oovered 2,690 employees, who were hired between March 1 and July 1 at a plant in a labor shortage area. Of this Ember 291, more than 10#, were physi cally handicapped. Percentages of handicapped workers who were still on the job at the and of six months were, in general, about equal to those for the entire groqp which indicates that those employees except for scone categories, are cap able ct performing the work assigned to than and staying on the job. A discus \ sion with is given emphasis of on problems associated with the employment of the various groups, the importance of the work of medical directors in helping these employees. 346 Employment of Physically Handicapped. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. Pamphlet, 9 pp. (August, 1943). The first section, entitled "Keynotes" gives quotations from a number of author ities showing the desirability of hiring physically handicapped workers. In a special note for small plants, it is pointed out that with the small number of physically handicapped employed at a stall plant, the problem can be handled sat isfactorily by direct consultation with plant management, foremen and outside medical advice where needed. Familiarity with coding systems will be necessary. Under the heading "Principles and Mechanics of the Plant Program," the word "placement" is used instead of employment in connection with examinations, etc. It is not of much assistance to prepare a list of jobs in advance, but each appli cant must be considered an an individual basis. A typical report form is shown as a suggestion for handling clear-cut disability cases. Details of the use of such forms especially for the placanent officer, are given. Botes follow on the estimation of physical defects taken individually. In the discussion of "The Insurance Aspect," the employer's fears for responsiblity for a second accident, are allayed by showing that in Massachusetts only 3 awards for such cases were made in one year, and that no higher rate is charged to cover such cases. In conclusion the desirability of rehabilitation clinics in all industrial centers is urged. 03118414 MHBB-0007803 Iadurfcrial Hygiene Digest - 31 346 Jobe far Handicapped Veterans. Anonymous. Mill & Factory. 33, 93-95, 244-246 (October* 19437. Haadloappei veterans returning from the war are being employed by many large Swtsolt platfks, and there is every reason to believe that the number employed vttU bo aoplented as the supply incroases. With few exceptions they are proving be bo ttgkly satisfactory employees. Out of their experience they bring to their mrfc an attitude that has a salutary effect on the morale of fellow workers. Ho facial consideration is given these workers - they arc given real jobs and are treated as regular employees. 34b and Propamidine in Bums: Elimination of Hemolytic Streptococci and WhpfcvlococCi. A.M. Clark and others. Lancet, 1^ 605 (May 15, 1943). Olufe sad hie associates point out that the prodominant part played by the hemo lytic streptococcus and the staphylococcus in interfering with the repair of bwn* makes it desirable to perfect means for preventing and controlling infec tion by these organisms. Sulfanilamide is not quit the ideal agent for this purpose. The authors applied ponicillin in the form of a creom to 54 burns and scalds in various stages of healing. In 41 of the wounds {79%) the streptococci disappeared within 5 days and did not reappear. In 7 the strains which promptly disappeared were insensitive to the sulfonamides. There were no cases in which 0 penicillin appeared to have no effect. Staphylococci also disappeared quickly fra many of the wounds. Healing was rapid and no toxic effects were observed. Propamidine was applied in the font of a cream (0.1%) to 34 similar burns. Homo- lytlc etreptococei disappeared within five days from 21 of the wounds (62%). Thajr persisted in 6 cases during treatment with propamidine. Of these. 3 lost their streptococci promptly when they were later treated with penicillin. Healing mi not quits so rapid as with penicillin. No toxic effects were observed. Colltom bacilli, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas pyocyanea, when present In the were apparently not affected by either agent. jfemfcact of a First Aid Roam in a Small Plant. S. Sprague. Ind. Med., 13_, 50-51 (January, 1944). Specifications are given as to location, equipment and stock of medicines re quired for first aid rooms. Activities, attitudes and limitations of the nurse are touohed upon. - 349 The Problem of Fractures with Associated Bum Injuries; Principles of Treatment. D.C. Bodenham. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med.. 36. 657-662 (October. 1943). The author presents seme information collected from the Royal Air Force for the benefit of shipyards and other industries, where such a combination of injuries may easily occur. Cases should be rapidly transported to a fully equipped hospi tal. For prevention of infection, sulfonamide (preferably sulfathiazole) should be applied with firm pressure bandage. 350 Burns. C.C. Lund. P.hodc Island Med. J., _26, 197-200 (October, 1943). The author discusses the fundamentals of first aid and later treatment for burns. Ho recommends a simple bland ointment such as petrolatum or boric acid ointment for first aid, and gives the four essential requirements for treatment as pre vention of pain, prevention of infection, optimum conditions for rapid healing, and minimum disability during and after treatment. A bibliography is included. 351 Adeouacy of Industrial Lunch and Use of Brewer1 s Yeast as a Supplement. C.A. Heller, C.M. McCoy and C.B. Lyon. J. Nutrit., Z&, 385-390 (October 11, 1943). The meals served workers in ono cafeteria in the Brooklyn Navy Yard have been sampled for the detemination of riboflavin, niacin and thiamine. The noon meal usually furnishes at most only one-fourth of the day's requirements for these 03118415 hwbb-0HB?80*i Industrial Hygiene Digest - 32 vitamins, and the Horning meal cannot he expected to furnish any more unloss eat. Ing habits are much improved. Dry brewer's yeast has provided a satisfactory method of supplementing the supply of these vitamins, usually incorporated in the food in amounts small enough so that the taste was not detected. The yeast, in addition, affords antother good source of protein. 352 A Practical Program for Human Rehabilitation. K.A, Vonachen. Ind. Med., 12, 807-810 (December, 1943). The "Peoria Plan" for rehabilitation of the civilian and military handicapped was organised by the Caterpillar Tractor Co. After its success was assured, the idea was offered to the community. Many employers in the area have organised and made ready to accept the physically handicapped. Some points of the program are: (1) Organization should be effected immediately before the disabled veterans re. turn. (2) A woll planned program consists of cooperation between Medical, Per. soxmei, Training, and Safety Divisions, and Supervisors. (3) A survey of jobs is required. (4) Classification of handicapped persons should be clarified. (5) State compensation laws could be changed, (6) "War neurosis" cases will benefit from quick employment. It is the experience of the Caterpillar Tractor Co. that the production, safety and absentee record of the physically handicapped is above average. 353 Better Mctritlon in Plant Personnel - To What Extent Can the Industrial Medical Departaegt Contribute. C.W. Hoffman. Ind. Med., 13, 128-129 (February, 1944). Numerous surveys have shown that the average American working man and woman does not eat adequately. The writer believes that the success or failure of the plant nutrition program depends upon the interest shown by the medical department. In the plant with which the writer is connected the modical department inspects the sCwteria about once a month, when sanitary disposal of waste is checked, as are also the proper storage of food and general cleanliness. Cafeteria employees are examined twice a year. The menus arc inspected and nutritious foods are sug. i gested. It is advised that some reference to diet on pre-employment examination * forms might lead to correction of wrong dietary habits. The physician should also supervise the program of education by the use of posters, bulletins and movies. 354 The Effect of Diet on Toxic Agents. Anonymous. Nutrition Rev., 425-426 (December, 1943). The effective protection against toxic agents .by dietary constituents has been demonstrated for a variety of compounds. In a recent paper it has been shown that TOT poisoning is most severe in rats when the diet is high in fat and less on a carbohydrate diet, while moderate amounts of TOT can be fed with a protein diet without any signs of illness. These results cannot be directly related to man, but available reports show less incidence of TOT poisoning in the United States than in England, and it is suggested that either industrial hygienic condi tions are better here or "hat the diet of Americans is more adequate, or both. 355 Croup Feeding in Small Plants - Observations on How and Why. F.J. Underwood and ethers. Ind. Med., 13, 1 SC-170 (February/ 1944) The v.lsdom of providing feed for employees is generally recognized by industrial management. A plan which could be adapted to the needs of asaller plants is presented, step by step. 1) Provide a clean, cheerful space where employees may cat their lunches, (this space mey also be utilized for group meetings, recrea tion, etc.). 2) Where convenient, vending machines may be used to supplement the worker's lunchbox and to fill the requirements of supplementary feeding periods. 3) Snployment of a dietitian or home economist who has specialized in institu tional feeding. 4) The establishment first of e canteen at one end of the lunch. 0 3 1 1 8 4 :1 6 HtfBB-0007805 Industrial hygiene Digest - 33 room which will progressively supplement and replace the worker's lunchbox. This service should grow in response to employee noeds and requests, and is more like ly to succeed if developed in this manner. 356 Diabetes and Injury. Ttf.A. Bishop. J .Ind.dyg.& Tox., 26, 55- 60 (February, 1944). Under present conditions serious considerations must bo given to the question of Aplojraent of diabetics in industry. Diabetics should be employed if they can be properly placed, controlled and supervised. Uncontrolled diabetics are a menace to themselves and others. Diabetes is due to decreased function of the islands of Longerhand. Diabetes can be caused by treme only when the pancreas has been injured to an extraordinary degree, and this occurs very rarely and is fatal. Diabetes is not produced by shock or motional strain except perhaps in exophthalmic goiter induced by severe motional, or psychic Mock. Glycosuria must be carefully distinguished from diabetes, and presence of urinary sugar does not prove the disease. Glycosuria may result from head or nerve injuries. In juries enforcing inactivity may, by greatly reducing muscle sugar burning power, make an existing diabetes worse, or assist latent diabetes to become manifest, but the effect is transitory. Infections do not cause diabetes, but frequently make existing diabotes worse. Often the disease must be fully controlled to successfully cope with the infection, and when the infection is controlled, the diabetic state returns to its feraer level. Sulfa drugs have no deleterious effect on diabetics and are as potent in the control of infection as in non-dia- betioa. -- Author's summary condensed. 357 Electronics in the Study of Head Injuries. C. Sheer and J.G. Lynn. Electronics. 17, 112-117, 338-340 (January, 1944). Psychophyaiological research has evolved a promising electronic instrument for - indirect diagnosis of brain damage in concussion cases. Technical features in clude use of Til carrier amplification, differentiating circuits and trigger cir- belts that provide constant amplitude pulses for time-axis recording of 20 var f? iables. -- Authors* abstract. 3S| Ultra-Violet Radiation in the Treatment of Dermatitis Due to Cutting Oil. M. Parkes. Ind. lied.. 13, 50 (January, 1944). Ultra-violet radiation in the treatment cf oil dermatitis is believed to be of value. Supplementary measures are also outlined for treatment. 359 Tuberculosis Case Finding: Problms in Industry. E. Mi ale. Ind. Med., 12. 602- 606 (September, 1943). The Queensboro Tuberculosis and Health Association, the Department of Health of the City of New York, and the Queens County Medical Society, in an attempt to prevent rise of tuberculosis rate in this country, projected a plan to X-ray en tire industrial plants as a tuberculosis case finding measure. A worker was to 1) act as a promotion agent, contacting management and labor, 2) make all necess ary technical arrangements with plant medical department and personnel heads as to facilities needed and educational measures of movies, lectures, arid litera ture. A portable X-ray unit is used taking 100 to 125 films per tour. All in dividuals whose paper X-ray rc-voals significant abnormal changes are referred to a consultation chest clinic. Through a chest specialist, recommendations are made as to whether or not the individual should be permitted to continue working. The fee for the paper X-ray is one dollar, consultation seon&ce is two dollars, and the entire sum is absorbed by the firm. It is believed iftat a similar proce dure can be economically incorporated into an already sound plant medical program, as a means of determining physical disabilities among new and prospective employ ees as well as those already employed. Large industries have found that the in vestment pays* Loss of tine due to illness is deoreeaed, and the productiveness 03118417 HWBB-0B07806 industrial Hygiene Ingest - 34 of the ployees as a unit is increased. A complete program of tuberculosis case finding, cad its proper and Just disposal between employer end employee, t&s been carried out in fire plants. 360 Banlocyabili& of tbe Tuberculous - A Yardstick for Jud,?iiv? Placement and Super vision- tf.X*. Bitter and J.W. Dugger. Ind. Med., 13 , 37-38 (January, 1944). A classification of tuberculous infections is given, which may be used as a stan dard in placing or rejecting applicants who are tuberculous. Special considera tions are given concerning employees who work in an area where silica dust is present* Adequate medical supervision is not to be neglected. 361 The Cardiac Under Forty-five. Bis Placement in Industry. V.&, Priest. Ind.Med., 12. 805-806 ("December, 1943). The two cases of heart disease most commonly encountered under 45 are discussed. Cases are cited, which show that workers suffering cardiac impairment are honest . and attentive and lose no more time than the average for the non-handicapped. A change in the wording of the workmen's compensation act is advised as a necessary step in overcoming reluctance of employers to hire cardiacs. The writer sums up the matter by stating that "the placement of compensated cardiacs in industry is possible and feasible through the intelligent understanding and cooperative effort of th* employer and industrial physician on one hand, and the attending physi cian, social agency and patient on the other. - 362 The Significance of Rising Blood Pressures. JJ.S. Davis. Ind. Med., 12^ 738-39 November, 1943}. It is stated that there la one sign of exposure to toxic chemicals in low concen trations that can be easily measured, the blood pressuro. In the author1s opin ion, this sl& is one of the simplest and most effective, and he attempts to jus tify his stead. Other factors which may cause blood pressure changes similar to thamm saused by exposure to chemicals are listed. A "blood pressure score" and ">-5 ; an *lodcc of circulatory balance" have been developed to give semi-quantitative jestimates of the worker's condition. Such scores repeated at sufficiently fre4quont intervals are of great significance and are believed to be essential if Occupational diseases are to be prevented and if ill health and absenteeim are to be reduced to a minimum. 363 Some Visual Problems in Modern Industry. H.S. Kuhn. Illinois Med. J., 82, 286-289 (October, 1943). ' Industry now demands an ophthalmologist who on entering a plant makes himself familiar with tbe different patterns of the work, judges spatial relationships, and sets up standards for selection and placement of employees. He must find lines of activity where workmen more or less affected by color blindness can work efficiently with proper regard for their safety end for the advantage of the plant. He has to study the nature of close work, must correct refractive condi tions, and must know how to rehabilitate inefficient workers. He must also con sider glare factors and note when general conditions cause eye fatigue. Among other conditions the Committee on Industrial Ophthalmology has agreed on acuity tests for appraising the visual skill of employees as applied to the specific visual demands of each plant. The Committee*s survey includes also distance acuity with ana without glasses, color discrimination, muscle balance for dis tance and near, storeopsis, and the determination of near points for the right and the left eye and for both eyos together. 364 Eye Manifestations of Head Injuries. D.J.Lyl6. J.A.M.A. 123.873-79 (Dec.4,1943). The author discussos a numbor of forms of head injuries and their effect on the eye, including concussion, contusion, laceration, compression, and cerebral hem orrhage. HWBB-0007807 Industrial I^rgiene Digest - 35 365 Keratoconjunctivitis. A.J. Bedell. N.Y. State J. Med., 43, 2049-2054 (Ncvaaber 1, 1943). The author describes the symptoms and course of epidemic koratoconjunctivitis with special aphasis and consideration of the corneal infiltrates and changes. Six cases are discussed. The opinion is strongly expressed that this is not an occupational disease, and that it is found in industry only because there one hi together a large collection of individuals of varied susceptibility. No treat- meat has succeeded in preventing the corneal infiltrates. There is as yet me specific cure. During the acute stage the patient must be kept from work both for occupational hazards to himself because of temporarily impaired vision, and for hazards of exposure of other rorkers. The end results may be in evidence for a Ipag time. . 36A gpidaniQ Keratoconjunctivitis. E.C. Bach. Wisconsin Med. J 42^ 415 (Apr. ,1943). At present there are in the Milwaukee area ever a thousand cases of keratocon junctivitis. It is important to realize that the source of infection in many cases has been traced to first-aid rooms in plants and to the offices of physi cians where the contagiousness of this disease was not realized. Epidemic kera toconjunctivitis is ncnpurulent, and usually involves one eye only. It is char acterized by edema, inflammation, swelling of the regional lymph nodes, and sub sequent appearance of punctate opacities in the cornea. The incubation period IS from 5 to 12 days. The cause seems to be a virus. Mild treatment, including eeld compresses and bland ointments, seems to give the best results. (References.) 36? gatiawfcjoa of Percentageloss of Hearing. H.A. Carter. J. Acoustical Soc. Am.., 15. 87-90 (October, 1943). The author presents a method for estimating the percentage loss of hearing for medico-legal cases, which has been endorsed by Interested sections of the Meri- caa M+dUftl Association. - sfe Imdmtrial Otology in a Shipyard; A Review of Experience at the four Kaiser Rich- ` i mond. Yards. I.H. Urisonfeld. Peimanonte foundation Med. Bull., 1, 21-29 (Octo1 ber, 1943). f The study covers a period of 15 months. Of 443 cases of slag bums of the exter nal auditory canal which were treated, 5# developed a secondary external otitis, but no pemanent disability ensued in any cases. Welders were the subject in 8of the cases. Middle ear disease followed slag bums, sudden and intense noise, and exposure to irritant inhalations or variations of temperature, pres sure, or humidity. Acoustic trauma if present to a significant degree will re sult in occupational deafness. Therapy is not effective so long aa exposure con tinues. Ear plugs are an important measure in prevention. They eliminate the foreign body and atmospheric concussion hazard and reduce the exceasive intensity of sound to innocuous levels. An ideal ear plug has not yet been prepared. Tubotynpanic catarrh, which occurs with moderate frequency in a shipyard, may be prevented by avoiding excessive and rapid changes of temperature; pressure, and humidity and by instituting adequate suction ventilation systaas which will eliminate irritant inhalations. 369 Women in Industry: A Study of 135 Women Working as Riveters in the Aircraft In dustries. W.C. Bradbury and C.B.S. Evans. Calif. & West. Mad,, 59, 119-121 (August, 1943). This is a preliminary report of a study of 135 riveters vltb pelvic -complaints. With the exception of 5 cases, there was definite evidence at previous pelvic pathology before employment as a riveter. The authors believe that a good num ber cf manpower hours can be conserved by adequate pre-placement examination, of women workers. This, however, has its obvious difficulties, though of good scientific merit. HMBB-0007808 Industrial Hyglwa* Digest - 36 3W Part-Tlas >aplosasnt of Women in Wartime.- U.S. Dept, of Labor, Women's Bureau, Special Buu7, la. 13. (June, 1943). Part-tia coplosBeiit of ?men is recommended os a measure of utilizing the ser vices of WMn not available for full-time jobs. It provides an answer to local lafeor shortages; a means of increasing production without extending the hours of tte working week? a means of meeting essential civilian requirements; and a prac tical method of offsetting absenteeism Working conditions standards must be alatainedt and the wage scale should be comparably maintained. Development of ccsKoaity facilities to meet the needs of the employed woman. Including adequate pwvlsiom for child care, laundering, marketing, shopping, and other household dertifts, is reooamended as an imperative necessity. 3dt Medical Mwtrwumt of Complaints of Women in the Emlosivea Industry. W. H. Tarmey. lad. Med., 15, 122-124. (February, 1944). Satisfactory experience with women workers is attributed chiefly to three factors: 41) The careful selection and placement of workers. (2) Satisfactory working con ditions, which Include adequate lighting, proper ventilation, correct seating, adjustment of the machine to the worker and adequate rest periods. (3) Adapting the type of operation to the individual* Complaints of workers are related to their causes, if possible, and careful consideration is given to those, with ad vice and treatment. A study is being made of the subject of occupational menorr hagia, white many gynecologists believe may be caused by standing at work for long periods. The author's opinion is that these cases usually occur in women who hare pre-existing pelvic infection or other types of disease. Stt Which Jobs far Young Wortcers? No. 8. Advisory Standards for the Aircraft Industry, g. S. Department of Labor, Chlldren'sBureau, Pamphlet, 12 pp. t November, 1943). ... tsell sills on request from that Bureau. ^ A gpMCwl classification of occupations In the aircraft industry is made, with a diesvision of their suitability for young workers/ The obvious determining fac- -- 9 tors of the classification are physical strength required, exposure to mechanical f danger from machinery and health hazards from fumes/ For instance in welding 7 T suitable and 9 unsuitable Jobs are given, depending oh those factors. Among the * generally safe departments ore the tool crib, paint shop, wing, center section, tail and fuselage assembly, final assembly, receiving and packing, electrical radio, instrument assembly and upholstery. Departments and occupations generally unsuitable include the dope room, draw-bench operations, anodizing, heat treat ing, degreasing, foundry, wood shops (where power machinery is used) and flight ramps. There are exceptions to the general rule in nearly every department. For machine shop work, reference is made to No. 7 of the sane series. Care in the selection of supervisors for young persons, instruction of their foremen in the limitations of their worts, and the wearing of distinctive badges are recommended. 373 Problems of Night Work. L. Teleky. Ind. Med., 12,, 758-778 (November, 1943). The human body undergoes a 24-hour cycle in many functions, including temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchenge, blood picture, and others. The temperature cycle is simplest to fellow and is probably indicative cf the complete biologicel cycle. Most of the paper, deals with the effect of changes in hours of work on the body temperature cycle, including the author's experiments and those reported in the literature. In general working at other periods than normal daytime hours produces an inversion of the cycle, i.e. a maximum temperature in the early morning instead of late afternoon. How ever, the normal cycles and changes in cycles vary greatly according to the in dividual, the nature of the work and other factors. From the study of tempera ture cycles and demonstrated effects of night work, the author concludes that: (1) continuous night work is unhealthful and decreases production; (8) shifts 03118420 HWBB-0087889 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 37 should he rotated less frequently than weekly, at least at four week intervals; (3) the night shift should he arranged so that one shift covers the whole night period. Further research on the subject is an urgent need. 374 Toxicity of Tannic Aciflt Experimental Investigation. &.R. Cameron, R.P.Milton and J.W. Allen. Lancet. _2, 179 {August 14, 1943). Cameron and his associates report an experimental investigation into the toxicity of tannic acid and the chances of its absorption freff burned areas. Some inform ation about the fate of tannic acid after itreaches the circulation is given and contrasted with the behavior of gallic acid. Experiments have been carried out on goats, rabbits, guinea pigs and rats, 250 animals being uMd in .all. Tannic add was obtained from seven different firms, but one sample wqs employed for most of the experiments. This sample contained about 20 gallic acid. The authors present experimental evidence that in animals tannic acid has injurious affects on the liver, capillaries and possibly on thd bone marrow. After the in troduction of small amounts of tannic acid directly into the blood stream or largo amounts into the subcutaneous tissues, animals show centrolobular necrosis in the liver, increased capillary permeability with leakage of plasma into the subcutaneous tissues, peritoneum and occasionally tho lungs, and leukocytosis. Production of a reservoir of tannic acid in the tissues, as by subcutaneous in jection, lead to continued absorption of snail amounts into the blood and a ser ious intoxication. Tanning a burnt surface may also be followed by absorption of tannic acid. With lapse of time the continuous bathing of the liver cells with blood containing tannic acid results in damage and destruction of certain tissues. The injurious effect cannot be attributed to gallic acid, which is rapidly removed from the blood and can be tolerated in large amounts. The authors point out that the chief criticism of tannic acid treatment of bums comes from thm txperimentalists. Caution must be exercised in applying to man without disertaisation conclusions reached by the study of animals. They recognize that the ultimate decision for or against the tannic acid method must come from human experience, and they note that evidence is already accumulating which suggests ' the need for critical revision of this treatment. 375 Venereal Disease Education in Industry. H.C. Rhodes and D.E.H. Cleveland. Canadian Pub. Health J., 43. 494-5C1 (November. 1943). By sponsoring an Industrial Health Week, the Vancouver Junior Board of Trade dis tributed over half a million pieces of litcreture and had 190,000 employed per sons receive booklets relative to venereal disease. By the well planned program of educating industrial groups through public endorsements, newspaper comments, posters, and publicity, it is hoped that 'some lasting wholesome and beneficial effects have come about. 376 Bacrgency Minimum Sanitation Standards. U.S. Public Health Service. Pub. Health Rcpts., 58, 1793-1823 (December 10, 1943). These standards constitute the third edition of the Sanitation Code for State or Local Adoption. The- use of the word emergency in the present code takes account of the fact that under war conditions the best material may not be obtainable. The Standards deal with all phases of public sanitation, including as the main headings^ water supplies; sewage and industrial wastes and excreta disposal; r.ilk and milk products; frozen desserts; eating and drinking establishments; swimming and bathing places, refuse, garbage, rubbish and ashae; sanitation of habitable buildings; tourist and other camps. 03118421 Absenteeiaa 323-325-326 among women workers $2 statistics 324 Acetic awjhyflyj limit8 of flammability 30? Air analysis 294 acrylonitrile 298 carbdn disulfide 299 cyanides 293 Air disinfection aerosol* 315 Amlnothlfczole, toxicity 271 Ammonia poisoning experimental 2 63 Anhydrous hydrofluoric acid 312 Anthracoailiooslg liquefaction necrosis 266 Asbestosls 290-291-292 and tuberculosis 288-289 Asthaa, industrial 255 Bagasse dust pneumoconiosis from 284 Benzene and its Boaologues toxicity 281 Blood pressure Index of exposure 362 loot renews and notices ~~ 2C3-234-235 fcwpellosis 258 Buys complicated by frac tures 349 penicillin and propa midine 347 skin 350 Butadiene safe practices 313 Cadmium poisoning 262 Carbon disulphide literature since 1932 * 280 Carbon monoxide domestic appliances 261 Carbon tetrachloride poisoning epidemic 270 review of literature269 Ceramic industry dust control 318 Chloro-waxes synthetic 314 Dentistry in industry 341 INDEX (March, 1944) Dermatitis cosmetics 245 247 from tear gas 244 humoral transmission248 oils 246 prevention 250 ultra-violet treatment 358 Diabetes and injury 356 Pic hloronethane toxicology 275-276 Diesel Engines controlling carbon monoxide 237 Dust measurement 296 Explosives, accidents 305 Eye injuries 364 First aid small plants 348 Handicapped workers blindness end production 343 employment of 345 jobs for veterans job placement program for Head injuries 346 344 342 instrument for diagnosis 357 Hearing industrial shipyard experience368 loss measurement 367 Heart disease job placement 361 Heat exposure weight loss 259 Hours of labor health espects 373 Hydrocarbons, chlorinated toxicity 283 Industrial health programs evaluation 330 Industrial hygiene educa tion 321 Industrial medicine medical records 334 Keratoconjunctivitis 365-366 Lead alloys, toxicity 267 chromate,toxicity 264 hazards, in soldering operations 268 (Oyer) Lead poisoning at blast furnaces 311 in ship repair 265 treatment Light effects 266 heat & humidity 260 Magnesium dust control 317 fire extinguishers 306 Medical control occupational disease prevention 340 Medical service plans 332 noa-occupational 329 precision industry 331 Mercury determination of 297 hazard in surgical dressing manufacture Metal powders 310 flammability and ex plosibility 242 Methvl bromide 273 Methvl chloride substitute for freonSTt Mine fan signals 308 Minors in aircraft Indus- try, suitable jobs 372 Nitrate explosives determination of 295 Noise control 309 industrial airplane motor test- ing 254 Nutrition and toxic agents 354 Industrial plan 353 small plants 355 Occupational disease diagnosis 336 plan for study 319 problems, Sweden 320 Ophthalmology in industry 363 Particle size measurements 301 the Tilargraph 300 Patch testing limitations 249 Peptic uloers and external trauma 243 Petroleum solvents occup.die. cases 277 03118422 HWBB-000/810 /--s c-s -1 U -*r - '- ---- . ' --=-? .-- yy. Index - 2 Physical examinations technique 337-339 Physician's responsibility 338 Pneumoconiosis in coal mines 285 Pneumonia shipbuilding industry -.52 Poison ivy preventives 251 Pre-emplovment examine- tions 333-335 Psychiatry in industry 328 Psychosomatic medicine 327 Radium emanations 272 Rehabilitation Peoria plan 352 Rheumatism in industry 256 Safety lamps in mines 304 Sanitation standards 376 Scwaee plants gas hazards 236 Silicosis rodioiogiq classif;Lea- tion 297 Spirochetal .iaundice in miners 257 Static electricity coal mines 303 Tannic acid toxicity 374 Tetrachlorethane 279 lirichlorethvlene electrocardiogram 278 occupational disease cases 277 Trinitrotoluene unusual poisoning case 282 Tuberculosis case finding in inaus- try 359 employment factor 360 industrial North Carolina Venereal diseases Ventilation 253 375 in wqr factories 316 Vitamins 351 Women in industry 369-370 medical care 371 Welding fumes 238 composition of 239 control of 302 health hazards 240-241 03118423 NMB6-0Q6/811 n { r\ ri ly KJH HH8B-0007812 HK88-0OU7/68