Document bBy1kDZ7EOeqLg2vwa4MDEZKO

American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1936 Cast-iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings for 25 lb (sizes 4 in. and larger), 125 lb, and 250 lb maximum saturated steam pressure. Malleable iron screwed fittings for 150 lb maximum saturated steam pressure. Cast-iron screwed fittings for 125 and 250 lb maximum saturated steam pressure. Steel flanged fittings for 150 and 300 lb maximum steam service pressure. The allowable cold water working pressures for these standards vary from 43 lb for the 25 lb standard to 500 lb for the 300 lb steel standard. Table 6. Thermal Expansion of Pipe in Inches per 100 Ft3 (For superheated steam and other fluids refer to temperature column) Saturated Steam Elongation in Inches per 100 FT PROM --20 F UP Saturated Steam Elongation in Inches per 100 FT PROM --20 F UP Vacuum Inches of Hg. Pressure Pounds per k Square Inch Gage' Tem perature Degrees Fahren- heit CastIron Pipe Steel Pipe Wrought Iron ' Pipe Copper Pipe Pressure Pounds . per . Square .Inch Gage Tem perature Degrees Fahren heit CastIron Pipe Steel Pipe Wrought Iron Pipe Copper Pipe 29.39 28.89 27.99 26:48 24.04 20.27 14.63 6.45 2.5 10.3 20.7 34.5 52.3 74.9 103.3 138.3 180.9 232.4 293.7 366.1 451.3 550.3 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 0 0 0 0 664.3 500 3.847 4.296 4.477 6.110 0.127 0.145 0.152 0.204 795.3 520 4.020 4.487 4.677 6.352 0.255 0.293 0.306 0.442 945.3 540 4.190 4.670 4.866 6.614 0.390 0.430 0.465 0.655 1115.3 560 4.365 4.860 5.057 6.850 0.518 0.593 0.620 0.888 1308.3 580 4.541 5.051 5.268 7.123 0.649 0.725 0.780 1.100 1525.3 600 4.725 5.247 5.455 7.388 0.787 0.898 0.939 1.338 1768.3 620 4.896 5.437 5.660 7.636 0.926 1:055 1.110 1.570 2041.3 640 5.082 5.627 5.850 7.893 1.051 1.209 1.265 1.794 2346.3 660 5.260 5.831 6.067 8.153 1.200 1.368 1.427 2.008 2705 680 5.442 6.020 6.260 8.400 1.345 1.528 1.597 2.255 3080 700 5.629 6.229 6.481 ,8.676 1.495 1.691 1.778 2.500 . 720 5.808 6.425 6.673 8.912 1.634 1.852 1.936 2.720 740 6.006 6.635 6.899 9.203 1.780 2.020 2.110 2.960 760 6.200 6.833 7.100 9.460 1.931 2.183 2.279 3.189 780 6.389 7.046 7.314 9.736 2:085 2.350 2.465 3.422 800 6.587 7.250 7.508 9.992 2.233 2.519 2.630 3.665 820 6.779 7.464 7.757 10.272 2.395 2.690 2.800 3.900 840 6.970 7.662 7.952 10.512 2.543 2.862 2.988 4.145 860 7.176 7.888 8.195 10.814 2.700 3.029 3.175 4.380 880 7.375 8.098 8.400 11.175 2.859 3.211 3.350 4.628 900 7.579 8.313 8.639 11.360 3.008 3.375 3.521 4.870 920 7.795 8.545 8.867 11.625 3.182 3.566 3.720 5.118 940 7.989 8.755 9.089 11.911 3.345 3:740 3.900 5.358 960 8,200 8.9?5 9.300 12.180 3.511 3.929 4.096 5.612 980 .8.406 9.196 9.547 12.473 3:683 4.100 .4.280 5.855 .1000 8.617 9.421 9.776 12.747 aFrom Piping Handbook, by Walker and Crocker. This table gives the expansion from -- 20 F to the temperature in question. To obtain the amount of expansion between any two temperatures take the difference between the figures in the table for those temperatures. For example, if a steel pipe is installed at a temperature of 60 F and is to operate at 300 F, the expansion would be 2.519 -- 0.593 = 1.926 in. Screwed fittings include: nipples or short pieces of pipe of varying lengths; couplings, usually of wrought iron only;.elbows for turning angles of either 45 deg or 90 deg; return bends, which may be of either the close or open pattern, and may be cast with either a back or side outlet; tees; crosses; laterals or Y branches; and a variety of plugs, bushings, caps, lock-nuts, flanges and reducing fittings. Reducing fittings as well as bushings, both of which are used in changing from one pipe size to another, may have the smaller connection tapped eccentrically to permit free drain- 616 Chapter 34--Pipe, Fittings, Welding age f the water of condensation in steam lines or free escape of air in water lines. Fittings for copper tubing are available in the soldered, flared, or com pression types. Illustrations of each of these types is shown in. Fig. 2. Table 7. Tentative American Standard Dimensions of Elbows, 45 Deg Elbows, Tees, and Crosses (Straight Sizes) for 125 Lb Cast-Iron Screwed Fittings ' .-A-- ELBOW 45* ELBOW A Nominal Pipe Size Center to End, Elbows, Tees and Crosses cB E Center to End, 45 Dbg Elbows .Length op Thread Min. Width op Band, Mm. Inside Diameter op Fitting Min. Max. GH Metal Thickness,- Min. Outside Diameter op Band. Mm. Vi Vs )4 H 1 lX 114 2 2H 3 3)4 4 6 6 8 10 12 14 O.D. 16 O.D. 0.81 : 0.95 1.12 1.31 1.50 1.75 1.94 2.25 2.70 3.08 3.42 3.79 4.50 5.13 6.56 8.08 9.50 10.40 11.82 0.73 0.80 0.88 0.98 1.12 1.29 1.43 1.68 1.95 2.17\ 2.39 2.61 3.05 3.46 4.28 5.16 5.97 All dimensions given in inches. 0.32 0.36 0.43 0.50 0.58 0.67 0.70 0.75 0.92 0.98 1.03 1.08 1.18 1.28 1.47 1.68 1.88 2.00 2.20 0.38 0.44 0.50 0.56 0.62 0.69 0.75 0.84 .0.94 1.00 1.06 1.12 1.18 1.28 1.47 1,68 1.88 2.00 2.20 0.540 0.584 0.675 0.719 0.840. 0.897 1.050 1.107 1.315 1.385 1.660 1.730 1.900 1.970 2.375 2.445 2.875 2.975 3.500 3.600 4.000 4.100 . 4.500 4.600 5.563 5.663 6.625 6.725 8.625 8.725 10.750 10.850 12.750 12.850 14.000 14.100 16.000 16.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.155 0.170 0.185 0.200 0.220 0.240 0.260 0.280 0.310 0.380 0.430 0.550 0.690 0.800 0.880 1.000 0.93 1.12 1.34 1.63 1.95 2.39 2.68 3.28 3.86 4.62 5.20 5.79 7.05 8.28 10.63 13.12 15.47 16.94 19.30 Fittings for copper pipe of IPS dimensions are available in screwed or soldered types of connection. The compression type, fitting is generally limited to smaller size tubing while the flared and soldered types are used in large and small sizes. While no effort has been made to standardize dimensions of flared tube fittings, manufacturers have quite generally used S.A.E. standard dimensions. Flared tube fittings are widely used in refrigeration work and the use of S.A.E. dimensions and a 45 degree flare renders most fittings 617