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1951 GENERAL SESSIONS 1951 National Safety Congress (Index to Transactions of all Sessions) Officers, Trustees, and Board of Directors........................ 5 vX-.vXv.*: Annual Council Meeting Minutes ............................................................................... II Sportsmanship in Safety ................................................... 13 Address by Millard Caldwell.............................................. 17 Six Steps Ahead .............................................................. 20 Banquet Address by Robert Young .............................................. 271 i-xi: Safety Exposition Exhibitors ................................................ 31 Index ................................................................................;. . 37 Volume 1 Transactions Bqa^ National Safety Congress 1 '' Mr NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 No. Michigan Avenue Chicago 11, III. PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 11 National Safety Council ^6 2 503 BC, 01. ?<-)', OFFICERS Chairman, Board of Directors: Chari.es R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. President: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Vice-President for farms: Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, Na tional Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, III. Vice-President for Finance, and Treasurer: O. Gressens, Financial Vice-President, Peabody Coal Company, Chicago, 111. Vice-President for Homes: Tyler S. Rogers, Assistant to the Execu tive Vice-President, Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corp., Toledo, Ohio. Vice-President for Industry: }. E. Trainer, Vice-President and Pro duction Manager, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Vice-President for Local Safety Organizations: Robert R. Snod grass, President, Atlas Auto Finance Co., Atlanta, Ga. Vice-President for Membership: L. R. Boulware, Vice-President, Employee & Plant Community Relations, General Electric Co.j New York, N. Y. | Vice-President for Public Information: Boyd Lewis, Executive Editor, NEA-Acme, New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Schools and Colleges: Dr. Herold C. Hunt, General Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, III. Vice-President for Traffic and Transportation: Thomas H. Mac Donald, Commissioner of Public Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce, Washington, I). C. Vice-President for Women's Activities: Mrs. George W. Jaqua, Safety Chairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Win chester, Ind. Secretary: R. L. Forney, General Secretary, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Assistant Treasurers: B. B. McCulloch, President, Bureau of Safety, Inc., Chicago, 111.; H. H. Greenwald, Director, Accounting Divi sion, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. 5 National Safety Council TRUSTEES Chairman of the Trustees: Lr,r. Warren James, Attorney, Old Brookville, Long Island, New York. (Note: Mr. James succeeded William A. Irvin as Chairman of the Trustees upon the latter's death Jan uary 2, 1952.) Vice-Chairman of the Trustees: John Stilwell, Yonkers, New York. Secretary of the Trustees: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Members Winthrop W. Aldrich, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Chase National Bank, New York, N. Y. Melvin II. Baker, President, National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Lawrence D. Bell, President, Bell Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y. James B. Bi.ack, President, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco, Calif. S. Bruce Black, President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Morgan B. Brainard, President, Aetna Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. Cason J. Callaway, Blue Spring Farms, Hamilton, Ga. John W. Carpenter, President, Texas Power and Light Company, Dallas, Texas. William G. Chandler, President, Scripps-Howard Supply Company, New York, N. Y. Kenneth B. Colman, Seattle, Wash. Charles R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copper Corporation, New York, N. Y. (Ex-Oflirio.) Cleo F. Craig, President, American Telephone & Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y. Frederick C. Crawford, President, Thompson Products, Inc., Cleve land, Ohio. Walter J. Cummings, Chairman, Board of Directors, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, Chicago, III. Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. (Ex-Officio.) Richard R. Deupree, Chairman, Board of Directors, Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. 6 National Safety Council Benjamin E. Faiki.kss, President, United Stales Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Francis J. Gavin, Chairman, Board of Directors, Great Northern Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn. William Green, President, American Federation of Labor, Wash ington, D. C. E. Roland Harriman, Brown Brothers Harriman and Company, New York, N. Y. Lee Warren James, Old Brookville, Long Island, N. Y. George E. Leichty, President, Railway Labor Executives' Associa tion, Washington, D. C. Horace P. Liversidce, Chairman, Board of Directors, Philadelphia Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Gustav Metzman, President, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. Thomas A. Morgan, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Sperry Corporation, New York, N. Y. Philip Murray, President, Congress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C. Benjamin O'Shea, Member, Board of Directors, Union Carbide and Carlion Corp., New York, N. Y. Thomas I. Parkinson, President, Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, New York, N. Y. W. S. S. Rodgers, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Texas Com pany, New York, N. Y. William A. Simpson, President, William Simpson Construction Com pany, Los Angeles, Calif. Herbert E. Smith, Memlier, Board of Directors, United States Rubber Company, New York, N. Y. John Stilwell, Yonkers, N. Y. Arthur E. Stoddard, President, Lhiion Pacific Railroad Co., Omaha, Nebr. Dr. John F. Thompson, Chairman and President, International Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd., New York, N. Y. Juan T. Trippe, President, Pan-American Airways System, New York, N. Y. Thomas J. Watson, President, International Business Machines Corp., New York, N. Y. C. E. Wilson, President, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Charles Deere Wiman, President, Deere and Company, Moline, III. Robert W. Woodruff, Chairman, Executive Committee, The Coca- Cola Company, Atlanta, Ga. 7 National Safety Council BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of the Board of Directors: Charles R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors: Franklin M. Kreml, Director, Traffic Division, International Association of Chiefs of Police, Kvanston, 111, Members A, F. Allen, President, Texas Employers' Insurance Association, Dallas, Tex. I. I. IIanash, Consulting Engineer, West Los Angeles, Calif. William II. Barton, Manager, Labor Relations Department, Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Washington, D. C. Mrs Olive Bf.f.cii, President, Beech Aircraft Corp., Wichita, Kans. C. W. MERoyuisT, Indianapolis, Ind. R. A. I. Bot.an, Executive Vice-President, The Greyhound Corpora tion, Chicago, III. Norman I-'.. Borc.f.rson, Assistant Superintendent, State Department of Public Instruction, Lansing, Mich. L. R. Rouiavare, Vice-President, Employee & Plant Community Relations, General Electric Company, New York, N. Y. Fred W. Braun, Vice-President and Chief Engineer, The Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Wausau, Wis. Thf.o Brown, Director, Deere and Company, Moline, III. E. .1. Buiiner, Chairman of the Board, Silver Fleet Motor Express, Inc., Louisville, Ky. Ai.frfo W. Cantwell, Director, First Aid, Water Safety and Acci dent Prevention, American National Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Ray Carr, Advertising Counsel, Portland, Ore. E. J. Condon, Assistant to the President, Sears Roebuck and Co., Chicago, III. WiI.i.iam L. Connolly, Director, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. Charles R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, NY. R. S. Damon, President, Trans World Airlines, Inc., Kansas City, Mo Ned II. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Georoe P. Delaney, International Representative, American Federa tion of Latior, Washington, D. C. Lawrence E. Dickson, President, Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, III. J. Df.wey Dorsf.tt, General Manager, Association of Casualty and Surety Companies, New York, N. Y. E. F. im Pont, Director, Employee Relations Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours 8t Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. Wallace Fai.vi.y, President, Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Company. Boston, Mass. 8 National Safety Council Carroi.i. E. French, Director, Industrial Relations Division, Na tional Association of Manufacturers, New York, N. Y. O. Grf.ssens, Financial Vice-President, Peabody Coal Co., Chicago, III. W. Earl IIall, Managing Editor, Mason City Globe-Gazette, Mason City, la. Miss Eleanor Howe, Editor in Chief, "What's New in Home Eco nomics," Chicago, III. Dr. Herold C. Hunt, General Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, III. George A. Jacoby, Director of Personnel Services, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Mrs. George W. Jaqua, Safety Chairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Winchester, Ind. E. W. Kemfton, Assistant Vice-President, Industrial Relations, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Walter G. King, New York, N. Y. Harold K. Kramer, Assistant Vice-President, The Borden Company, New York, N. Y. Franklin M. Kreml, Director, Traffic Division, International Asso ciation of Chiefs of Police, Evanston, 111. Walter D. Ladd, Manager, St. Joseph Safely Council, St. Joseph, Mo. Iver C. Larson, Executive Vice-President, San Francisco Chapter, National Safety Council, San Francisco, Cal. Walter G. Lecce, President, Walter G. Legge Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Boyd Lewis, Executive Editor, NEA-Acme, New York, N. Y. Thomas H. MacDonald, Commissioner of Public Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. Miss Marion E. Martin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Me. I. W. Millard, President, Industrial Gloves Company, Danville, III. Harry M. Moses, President, Bituminous Coal Operators' Association, Washington, D. C. D. E. Mumford, Superintendent of Safety, New York Central Sys tem, New York, N. Y. Hai.i.ie L. Myers, Superintendent of Transportation, Indianapolis Railways, Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. Harry E. Neal, Chief Engineer, Division of Traffic and Safety, Ohio Department of Highways, Columbus, Ohio. Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, III. Henry E. North, Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Com pany, San Francisco, Cal. Clifton W. 1'hai.f.n, Vice-President, Personnel Relations, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y. Resigned, October 9, 1051. 9 National Safety Council Wallace R Phiiiiis, I 'resilient, Pyrene Manufacluring Company, Newark, N. J. Harry M. 1'ontious, Director of Safety, Farm Bureau Mutual Auto mobile Insurance Company, Columbus, Ohio. (jwn.YM A. Price, President, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Harry Read, Executive Assistant to the Secretary-Treasurer, Con gress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C. W. A. Roberts, President, Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Tyi.f.r S. Rogers, Assistant to the Executive Vice-President, OwensComing Fiherglas Corporation, Toledo, Ohio. A. V. Rohweder, Superintendent of Safety & Welfare, Duluth, Missabc St Iron Range Railway Company, Duluth, Minn. Rorert T. Ross, Manager, Employee Services, Industrial Relations, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich. Dr. K. Frances Scott, Associate Professor of Hygiene, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Chari.es B. Shuman, President, Illinois Agricultural Association, Chicago, III. Honoram.f. Ef.f. E. Skf.ee, Chief Justice, Court of Ap|eals of Ohio, Eighth Appellate District, Cleveland, Ohio. Rouf.rt R. Snodgrass, President, Atlas Auto Finance Company, Atlanta, Ga. R. T. Soi.ensten, Vice-President, Elliott Service Company, Mount Vernon, N. Y. Leslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago, Chicago, III. Dr. H. J. Stack, Director, Center for Safety Education, New York, N. Y. W. A. Stewart, President, American Optical Company, Southbridge, Mass. Paul F. Strickf.r, Executive Vice-President, Greater New York Safety Council, New York, N. Y. Dr. John W. Stupebaker, Vice-President and Chairman of the Edi torial Board, Scholastic Magazines, New York, N. Y. J. F,, Trainer, Vice-President and Production Manager, The Fire stone Tire St Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio. Miss Judith Waller, Director of Public Affairs and Education, Na tional Broadcasting Company, Inc., Chicago, III. Dr. George M. Wheatley, Third Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y. W. O. Wilson, Manager of Safety, Standard Oil Co. (Ind.), Chi cago, 111. Dwight W. Winkf.lman, President, D. W. Winkelman Company, Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. Dr. William P. Yant, Director of Research & Development, Mine Safety Appliances Co., John T. Ryan Memorial Laboratory, Pitts burgh, Pa. Harold C. Ziii.auf, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 10 11 Annual Council Meeting Minutes The 1951 Annual Council Meeting of the National Safety Council was held in the Grand Ballroom of the Stevens Hotel, on October 8, with Mr. Ned H. Dearborn, President, presiding. Following the singing of the National An them, the invocation was offered by the Reverend Kenneth N. Hildebrand, Minister of the Central Church of Chicago. After appropriate opening remarks, Presi dent Dearborn turned over the chairman ship of the meeting to Mr. Charles R. Cox, President of the Kennecott Copper Corpora tion, and Chairman of the Board of Di rectors of the National Safety Council. After a brief but sincere expression of his fundamental interest in the Council and the safety movement, Mr. Cox proceeded with the business of the meeting by an nouncing a quorum present, in person or by proxy. It was voted to dispense with the calling of the role; also to dispense with the reading of the minutes of the previous Annual Meeting, the minutes having been printed and circulated to the membership. Mr. Cox called for the report of the Nominating Committee, which consisted of the following members: George A. Jacoby, Chairman; Lawrence E. Dickson; Walter G. Legge; Miss Marion E. Martin; Guy L, Noble; Robert T. Ross; and W. A. Stewart Mr. Jacoby reported in behalf of the Nominating Committee, pointing out that the Constitution authorizes the committee to name candidates for election to the Trustees, lo the Board of Directors, and to all Offices except the office of Executive Vice-Presi dent. The selections of the committee, Mr. Jacoby stated, were reported to the Secre tary of the Council more than 75 days be fore this meeting, and were announced to all members of the Council on August 24, 1951. Mr. Jacoby then presented as nominees for Trustees of the Council, to be elected for a three-year term: Melvin H. Baker, Cason J. Callaway, Cleo F. Craig, Frederick C. Crawford, Richard R. Deupree, Gustav Metzman, Benjamin O'Shea, Thomas I. Parkinson, Dr. John F. Thompson, C. E. Wilson, and Charles Deere Wiman. (Sec retary's Note: A complete list of the Trus tees, including those nominated and elected at this meeting, as well as those continuing in office from previous elections, is given on pages 6 and 7 of this volume.) Mr. Jacoby presented nominations for Di rectors, to be elected for a term of one-year. (Secretary's Note: A list of the new Board of Directors, as nominated and elected at this meeting, will be found on pages 8, 9 and 10 of this volume.) Mr. Jacoby presented nominations for Of ficers of the Council. In doing so, he stressed the Council's appreciation to four men who are retiring from their offices this year, namely, Dr. D. B. Armstrong, VicePresident for Homes; Kenneth B. Colman, Vice-President for Local Safety Organiza tions; E. W. Kempton, Vice-President | for Membership; and Dr. John W. Studebaker, Vice-President for Schools and Colleges. (Secretary's Note: A list of the Officers nominated and elected at this meeting will be found on page 5 of this volume.) There were no nominations except those presented by Mr. Jacoby, and Mr. Cox announced that the entire proxy vote, num bering 10,781, was cast in favor of the nominees proposed by the Nominating Com mittee. Those attending the meeting also voted without dissent in favor of the nom inations presented. Mr. Cox referred to the booklet "The Fight for Life," which had been distributed to those attending the meeting. The booklet contained a summary of Council activities during the past year. Announcement was also made that the 1952 National Safety Congress would be held in Chicago Oc tober 20-24. 30 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes look upon it with increased respect ami set about harnessing it to their own use. The accident rate among our young driv ers is now steadily on the decline. It is still far, far too high. It would he too high if one youngster was killed or crippled. But at least, progress is being made. This has been done partly through the efforts of adults in charting campaigns aimed directly at reducing the roll of that age group, by safety experts and educators. But largely it has been accomplished by the kids themselves. Once the problem was pointed out to them in realistic terms and they were asked to do something about it, they pitched in. In many communities, clubs have been formed where youngsters learn how to main tain cars in the best mechanical shape and how to drive them at the peak of safety and efficiency. For boys and girls who are addicted to incurable "speed-drophobia," rac ing associations have been formed, super vised by safety officials and located in areas like the Mojave Desert of California where traffic hazards do not exist and the terrain is suitable to speed driving. Officials' clocks and professional racing regulations are rigorously enforced, and the kids can satisfy their zest for speed with a minimum of danger. This is an example of putting that youthful pride to work in a constructive way. How much better it is to encourage a lad to stand out above the crowd because he has the best car and drives it most efficiently rather than because he can pass all other cars on the road and scare the daylights out of doddering pilots like you and me! Driver-trainingf courses in the schools are becoming a growing part of the curriculum, and they, to my mind, are the most effective weapon we have. I have visited several of these classes in the Los Angeles area, and I came away with a feeling almost of dedication to the idea that all schools should have them. Our Cali fornia law states that all students of high school age must have a course in driver education. It's a good law. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to combine the classroom work with actual behind-the-wheel instruction, because of fi nancial restrictions, lack of personnel and other problems. In a great many communi ties, automobile dealers have stepped in and offered the use of cars for this training. In other towns, local organizations whose proj ect is the promotion of safety have made it their duty to supply automobiles for school use. If it is possible to do it, this program of education should be increased. Nothing is quite as effective in the training of a good driver as proper instruction at the very beginning. It isn't enough that parents and friends are always willing to act as teachers, because sometimes those parents and friends are not very good drivers themselves, and they transmit their faults to the beginner. Then it's up to the traffic experts to break those habits and instill new ones--a waste of time and money. We must make safety attractive. We must make the safe way the appealing way, and we've got lots of competition. But of course, the prize that is the natural reward for caution is a big one--longer life and the ability to enjoy it. The smartest people aren't necessarily the ones who get there first, but the ones who get there. And our youngsters have lots of places to go. Traffic court judges and officials can be of immeasurable aid in this campaign against youthful traffic toll. A few extra minutes, a little special attention, some thought-pro voking words, and the young traffic violator goes home with a sense of renewed respon sibility, a healthy respect for the law and an understanding that its purpose is to pro tect him, not to punish him. He doesn't just plunk down Dad's five or ten bucks and go out to outsmart the cops. The traffic officers in our communities, by their attitude, can teach and encourage as well as discipline. It's a personal challenge to all ages, this business of saving our youth. And it's a personal responsibility. It can't be charged off to the safety experts alone, to the par ents, to the schools, or to the kids alone. Like everything else in our way of life, this is a team job, a common challenge. And the reward is the future, waiting to be built with hope and happiness and peaceful attain ment by this most natural resource--our American youth. 31 Safety Exposition Exhibitors EXHIBITION HALL--STEVF.NS HOTEL CASINO ROOM--CONGRESS HOTEL Alphabetical List of Exhibitors of Industrial and Public Safety Equipment Acme Protection Equipment Co., Chicago, III. Gas Masks Exclusively. Advance Glove Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich. All Types of Work Gloves, Safety Gloves and Leather Safety Clothing. Aetna Life Affiliated Companies, Hartford, Conn. Safety and Health Services for Employees, Both On and Off the Job. Alan Wood Steel Co., Conshohocken, Pa. Abrasive Rolled Steel Floor Plate. All American Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, 111. Power Press Guards; Safety Engineering Surveys; Consultants. American Abrasive Metals Co., Irvington, N. J. Abrasive Metals, Paints, Coatings, Non-Skid Grating for Safe Walkways. American Chain & Cable Co., Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. Chains, Cable and Wire Rope of Various Kinds and Sizes; Steel and Malleable Cast ings; Brakes and Brake Controls; Cranes, Hoists, Valves and Fittings. American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp., Elmira, N. Y. Fire Protection and Fire Fighting Equipment. American Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. Head, Eye and Respiratory Protective Devices, Safety Clothing and Safety Specialty Products. Ampco Metal, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. P Safety Tools Fabricated from Ampco Metal, Ampco Bcrylliuin-Coppcr anil Monel. Ansul Chemical Co., Fire Extinguisher Divn., Marinette, Wis. ' Ansul Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishing Equipment. Arcadia Mfg. Co., Birmingham, Mich. Plastic Coated Gloves and Aprons for Industry. Bashlin, W. M., Co., Grove City, Pa. Linemen's Safety Equipment. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. Safety Glasses and Safety Eyewear for Every Occupational Requirement. Best, Alfred M., Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Safety Maintenance and Production; Best's Safety and Maintenance Directory. Bradley Washfountain Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Group Washing Equipment. Brady, W. H., Co., Chippewa Falls, Wis. Self-Sticking Safety Signs, Pipe Markers and Special Markers and Signs. Breck, John H., Inc., Springfield, Mass. Industrial Hand Cleaner; Hair and Scalp Preparations. Browne, Stewart R., Mfg. Co., New York, N. Y. Electrical Safety Equipment, Flashlights, Explosive-Proof and Vapor-Proof Exten sion Lights. 32 Safely Exposition Exhibitors Buhrke, R. H., Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Equipment for Construction and Maintenance. Bullard, E. D., Co., San Francigco, Calif. Personal Safety Devices for Industry. Canfield Oil Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Oil Absorbents. Chance, A. B., Co., Centralia, Mo. Transmission and Distribution Equipment. Chemical Service of Baltimore, Baltimore, Md. Waxes, Soaps, Cleaners, Disinfectants and Chemical Specialties. Chemical Specialties, Inc., Springfield, Mass. Industrial Hand Creams and Cleansers. Chicago Eye Shield Co., Chicago, 111. Head and Eye Protective Equipment. Columbus Glove Mfg. Co., Columbus, Ohio. Coated Gloves and Aprons. Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y. Herc-Alloy Sling Chains. C-O-Two Fire Equipment Co., Newark, N. J. Carbon Dioxide and Dry Chemical Extinguishers, Systems, Smoke Detectors. Cunningham, M. E. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Marking Tools. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc., Newark, N. J. Respiratory Protection, Combustible Gas Indicators, General Safety and First Aid Equipment. Detex Watchdock Corp., New York, N. Y. Watchmen's Clocks and Accessories. Diamond Match Co., Springfield, Mass. Book Matches for Safety Advertising and Sales Promotion Campaigns. Diversey Corp., Chicago, 111. Industrial Maintenance and Cleaning Chemicals. Dockson Corp., Detroit, Mich. Goggles Face Shields, Welders, Helmets, Respirators. Dow Coming Corp., Midland, Mich. Cleaning Stations for Dispensing Silicone Treated Sight Saver Tissues. Dunn Products, Chicago, 111. Protective Clothing for Industrial Workers Made from Asbestos, Leather, Rubber, Neoprene and Fire-Proofed Duck. Duo-Safety Ladder Corp., Oshkosh, Wis. Safety Ladders, Fire Ladders, Ladder Shoes. Eagle-Picher Sales Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Eagle-Picher Industrial Floor Dry #85. A heavy duty, anti-skid, light reflecting absorbent for plant safety and maintenance. Edmont Mfg. Co., Coshocton, Ohio. Coated Fabric Work Gloves. Elliott Service Co., Inc., ML Vernon, N. Y. Accident Prevention Displays; Safety Conference Programs; Supervisor's Bulletin; Bulletin Boards. Embosograf Corp. of America, New York, N. Y. Sign Making Equipment. Safety Posters, Displays, Directory Signs. Transactions, 1951 National Safety Congress 33 Emerson, J. H., Co., Cambridge, Mass. Resuscitators and Other Emergency Breathing Equipment. Fairfield Glove Co., Fairfield, Iowa. Industrial Gloves and Mittens. Fendall Co., Chicago, III. Head and Eye Protection Equipment. Finnell System, Inc., Elkhart, Ind. Floor Maintenance Machines. Franklin Research Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Anti-Slip Floor Maintenance Materials. Gro-Cord Rubber Co., Lima, Ohio. Gro-Cord, Raw-Cord and Neo-Cord Soles, Heels and Taps. Hild Floor Machine Co., Chicago, 111. Floor Cleaning and Maintenance Equipment and Supplies. Hillyard Chemical Co., St. Joseph, Mo. Floor Treatments, Building Maintenance, Sanitation Products, Equipment and Ma terials. Homer & Robertson, Inc., Denver, Colo. Rolon Tire Chains. Hy-Test Dlvn., International Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. Hy-Test Anchor Flange Steel Toe Safety Shoes. Industrial Gloves Co., Danville, 111. Finger Guards, Supergards, Wovengards, Handgards, Gloves, Mittens, Arm Pro tectors, Protective Apparel, Leggings. Insto-Gas Corp., Detroit, Mich. Underwriters' and Factory Mutual Approved Torches and Furnaces. Intoximeter Assn., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Sales and Service of Equipment to Determine Degree of Alcoholic Influence. Iron Age Divn., H. Childs & Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Complete Line Leather and Rubber Industrial Safety Footwear Iot Men and Women. Jonkin Safety Appliance Co., Louisville, Ky. Junkin Interlocking Barrier Guard; Swinging Die Closure; Electro-Lock Shield and Splint Type Stretcher. 1 Justrite Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Cans, Oily Waste Cans, Safety Electric Lanterns, Flashlights and Fire Ex tinguishers. Ksrel First Aid Supply Co., Chicago, 111. Industrial Hospital Supplies and Equipment, Drugs, Dressings, Furniture, Instru ments. Kearney, James R., Corp., St. Louis, Mo. Line Tools for Linemen in Handling Energized Wires. Keystone View Co., Meadville, Pa. Original Binocular Visual Screening Tests for Industry. Kidde, Walter & Co., Inc., Belleville, N. J. Fire Protection and Extinguishing Equipment. Kimball Safety Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Goggles, Gloves, Safety Clothing and Other Safety Equipment. Don, Mathias & Sons, Chicago, 111. Linemen's Tools and Equipment. ; Left*. Walter G., Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Safety Floor Polishes, Conductive Floor Coating, Static Grounding Device for Per5 aonnel. 34 Safely Exposition Exhibitors Transactions, 1951 National Safety Congress 35 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Allentown, Pa. Leather Safety Box Toe Shoes and Rubber Boots. Lightfoot Schultz Co., New York, N. Y. Granulated Skin Cleansers, Lotion, Bar Soap and Dispensers. Lincoln-Schlueter Floor Machinery Co., Chicago, 111. Industrial Vacuum Machines, Floor Scrubbers and Polishers, Scarifiers and Autr Scrubbers. Logan Mfg. Co., Glendale, Calif. F.mergency Showers, Industrial Shower Room Equipment. Louisville Metal Products Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky. Aluminum (.adder and Scaffolding Products. Luther Mfg. Co., Inc., Olean, N. Y. Power Press Guards. MacWhyte Company, Kenosha, Wis. Wire Rope and Braided Wire Rope Slings, Fittings and Cable Assemblies. Magline, Inc., Pinconning, Mich. Magnesium Safety and Materials Handling Equipment. Magnaflux Corp., Chicago, 111. Magnaflux Equipment for Maintenance, Safety and General Inspection. Marsh & McLennan, Inc., Chicago, 111. Insurance Brokers and Agencies. Martindale Electric Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Protective Dust Mask, Electric Testing and Indicating Instruments. Masury-Young Co., Boston, Mass. Safety Floor Treatment and Maintenance Materials. McAn, Thom, Safety Shoe Divn., Melville Shoe Corp., New York, N. Y. Thom McAn Safety Shoes. McDermott, Julian A., Corp., Corona, L. I., N. Y. Warning, Work, Safety Lighting for Industrial, Utility Aviation Use. McDonald, B. F., Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Industrial Safety Appliances and Clothing. Medical Supply Co., Rockford, 111. MSCo Flexible Unit First Aid. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. Educational Publications and Materials Dealing With Safety. Milbum Co., Detroit, Mich. Ply Protective Creams, Ply Garb Plastic Clothing, Ply Gloves, Plastic Work Glove*. Miller Equipment Co., Inc., Franklin, Pa. Linemen's and Industrial Safety Belts. Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Equipment for Every Industry. Multi-Clean Products, Inc., St. Paul, Minn. Floor Maintenance Equipment and Materials. National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Occupational Hazards, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. Publishers. Oil-Dri Corp. of America, Chicago, 111. Oil and Grease Absorbents. Onox, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. Onox Skin Toughener for Athlete's Foot Prevention. Osborn Mfg. Corp., Warsaw, Ind. Safety Pliers and Tongs for Feeding Punch Presses. Pac-Kit Company, Greenwich, Conn. First Aid Equipment. Packwood, G. H., Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Mo. PAX Safety Industrial Skin Cleansers and Dispensers. Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc., Chicago, 111. Gold Medal Wood and Magnesium Safety Ladders, Suspended, Sectional Tubular Steel and Aluminum Scaffolding, Sidewalk Protection Canopies, Steel Grandstands. Positive Safety Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Protectoseal Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Cans, Oily Waste Cans, Flame Arrester, Devices for Flammable Liquids. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. Industrial Safety Equipment. Pyrene Mfg. Co., Newark, N. J. Fire Protection Equipment. Racine Glove Co., Inc., Rio, Wis. Gloves, Apparel, Protective Equipment, Leather, Asbestos and Steel Reinforced. Randolph Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, 111. Dioxide Fire Extinguishers. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Columbus, Neb. Reece "Perfect Rocker" Wooden Sole Safety Footwear. Rich Laboratories Sales Divn., Inc., Emigsville, Pa. First Aid for Burns. Rockwood Sprinkler Co,, Worcester Mass. Nozzles and Industrial Sprinkler System for Fire Protection; Valves, Unions. Rose Mfg. Co., Denver, Colo. Industrial Safety Equipment. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Safety Clothing and Equipment for Every Type Industrial Worker. Safety First Products Corp., Elmsford, N. Y. Dry Chemical Fire Equipment. Safety First Shoe Co., Holliston, Mass. Safety Steel Toe Shoes for Men. iafway Steel Products, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Scaffolding Towers, Saf-T-Swings, Special Products. Salisbury, W. H,, & Co., Chicago, 111. Linemen's Rubber Protective Equipment. Sani-Mist, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Athlete's Foot Preventive. Schrader's, A., Son, Brooklyn, N. Y. Pneumatic Press Controls, Valves, Cylinders and Associated Products. Scott Aviation Corp., Lancaster, N. Y. Scott Air-Pak, Scott Demand Inhalator, Scott Demand Respirator. Seflstrom Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. Face and Eye Protection Equipment. Sentry Shoe Co., Divn. General Shoe Corp., Nashville, Term. Safety Toe Shoes. Spencer Turbine Co., Hartford, Conn. Portable and Stationary Vacuum Cleaners and Dust Collecting Apparatus. 36 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, 111. Industrial Safety Equipment. Steel Scaffolding Co., Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y. "Trouble Saver" Steel Scaffolding. Stepan Chemical Co., Chicago, 111. Skin Cleansers for Industry. Stephenson Corp., Red Bank, N. J. Resuscitation Equipment, Drunkometers, Porto-Clinic Driver Testing Unit. Stonehouse Signs, Inc., Denver, Colo. Steel Accident Prevention Signs. Sugar Beet Products Co., Saginaw, Mich. SBS Skin Cleanser and Cleaner. Surety Rubber Co., Carrollton, Ohio. Rubber Gloves and Linemen's Equipment. Surty Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Guards and Materials. Taylor, S. G., Chain Co., Hammond, Ind. Taylor Made Alloy Steel Sling Chains, Monel Chain; Hooks and Chain Fittings. ' Tennant, G. H., Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Mechanized Equipment for Maintenance of Industrial Floors. Trinal, Inc., Chicago, 111. "Safeet" Protection for the Metatarsal Arch. Union Wire Rope Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Tuffy Slings, Wire Rope and Tuffy Towlines. United States Dept, of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, Washington, D. C. United States Safety Service Co., Kansas City, Mo. Eye Protection, Impregnated and Enteric-Coated Salt Tablets, CO Indicators. Wallace Optical Co., Inc., Detroit, Mich. Tuf-Cote Protective Eyewear. Watchemoket Optical Co., Inc., Providence, R. I. "Eye-Savers" Plastic Eye Protection and Plasti-Glow Safety Signs. Waverly Petroleum Products Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Oil and Grease Absorbents. West Disinfecting Co., Long Island City, N. Y. Disinfectants, Deodorants--Products for the Promotion of Safety. Western Coca-Cola Bottling Co., New York, N. Y. Coca-Cola. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc., Chicago, 111. Industrial Safety Clothing made from Asbestos, Flame-Proofed Duck and Je* Cloth, Leather and Wool. Wilkins Co., Inc., Cortland, N. Y. K-Lens-M Products; Dispenser Cabinets, Lens Cleaner, Anti-Fogging Liquid, Lett Tissue. Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co., Chicago, III. Safety Awards, Badges and Trophies. Willson Products, Inc., Reading, Pa. Industrial Goggles, Gas Masks, Helmets and Respirators, and Allied Safety Devicei Wilson-Albrecht Co., Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Modern Unit Type First Aid Kits and Refills. Wyandotte Chemicals Corp., Wyandotte, Mich. Absorbents. Transactions, 1951 National Safety Congress INDEX 37 Accident Costs. See Economics of Safety. Accident Proneness. See Pergonal Factors. Accident Reports: Maintaining Interest In Ac cident Prevention by Means of Reports tChapman), 10:63-60. The Use of Accident Records In Highway 6Im6. provement Programs (Harper), ai :6S- The Use of Accident Records In Selective Enforcement (King), SI :29-80. Accident Statistics: Accident Experience vs. Roadside Development (McMonagle), si: 40-44. Conditions Responsible for Accidents Simi lar to Conditions Responsible for Delays, Waste and Damages (Macintosh), 90:1619. Disabled Civilians vs. Military Disabilities (Behan. 1T:10. Making Use of Analysis of Minor Accidents. Panel Discussion, IT:20. A Study of All Accidents. Aids In Finding Trouble Spots (Beckstead), 18:24. Where Should an Accident Be Charged When Employee Is Loaned to a Depart ment. Round Table Discussion, 98:24. See also Specific Subject. Adds: Handling Sulfuric Acid (Delavan), 8: 49-81. Handling Sulphuric Acid In Paper Manu facturing. Round Table Discussion, 98:27. Hydrogen Gas Ignites While Unloading Sulphuric Acid Tank Car (Shay), 17:27. Physiological Effects of Acids Encountered In the Food Industry (Schuman), 11:14. Safe Handling of Corrosive Materials (8isul), 8:12-14. Aisles: Designed for Intra Plant Traffic (Mallick), 18:49. Almeida, A. Robert and Harold Walker: The Jet Tapper Practice at the Open Hearth. 18:8-11. American Nurses' Association: Growth and Development of the Nurse In Industry Through Membership In Her Professional Organization (Anderton), 14:11-18. American Society of Safety Engineers Subject Sessions, 18:5-106. American Trucking Asaoclatlon: Our Safety Program (Multady), 20:22; 89:22. Alcohol: Better Identification of Drinking Drivers (Ladd), 81:54-56. Jail Sentences tor Drunk Drivers (Vanik), 81:68, 71. Drinking Driven and Drinking Pedestrians Are Highway Hazards (King), 81:33. The Drunken Driver In Court. Panel Dis cussion, 81:62. Ammonia: Fires and Explosions at a Syn thetic Ammonia Plant (Doyle), 8:26. Physiological Effects (Behuman), 11:14. Safe Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia and Ammonlatlng Solutions (Krueger), 8:6164. Anderson, Agnes B, M.: Growth and De velopment of the Nurse In Industry Through Membership In Her Professional Organization, 14:11-18. Arnold, Harry W.: A President's Concept of a Good Safety Program, 80:24-28; 82: 24-26. : ASSE, See American Society of Safety Engi neers. Aidison, A. M.: The Activities of a State Highway Safety Department. 24:8-8. Aeronautical Industries: Aviation Must Have Safety (Burton), 2:6-9. Discuss Tour Problem, 2:13-14. Electrostatic Hazards (Beach), 18:96-97. Health Precautions In Handling Radioactive Electronic Tubes (Meyer), 2:10-12. Aeronautical Industries Section: Minutes. 2: 5-16, Officers and Committees, 2:16. Ibsens, Vincent P : Progress and Objectives of the U. S. Department of Labor. 18: 73-74. Ahern, B. VP.: Integrating Safety Into a Training Program -- Manufacturing, 21: 6-9. Air Transportation Industry: Radioisotope Shipments In Aircraft Accidents (Kehoe), 9:3-6. AM Transport Section: Minutes. 8:8-7. Officers and Committees, 8:7. Associations: Associations and Their Safety Programs (Reinhard), 18:11. Associations and Their Safety Programs Session, 18:11-22. Driver Teachero' Association Formed (Kina), 81:24. How to Get an Association Started on a Safety Program (Murphy), 18:17-20. The National Safety Council's New Pro gram tor Small Business and Associa tions (Baltser), 18:20-22. Safety Activities Save Its Members Money. Round Table Discussion, 98:81. Trade Associations' Participation In Small Business (LeOore), 18:81-82. What Our Asaoclatlon Has Accomplished Through a Group Safety Program (LeOore), 18:11-16. See also Specific Association. Atmospheric Polutlon: Air Contamination (Schuman), 11:10-17. Mechanical Means of Removal or Reduction of Air Contamination (Kane), 11:17-20. Atomic Bomba: An Introduction to the Ef fects of Atomic Weapons (Kenny), IS: 6-9. Fire Control (Kehoe), 18:83-84. 42 Index Driver* an<l Driving:: AcrMont Prevention a* the Driver Sees It. Panel Discussion, 20:8-11. Awards and Incentives for Better Profes sional Drivers. Panel Discussion, 20:8. The Court's Responsibility Toward Improv ing Driver Attitudes (Fisher), 81:48-52. Driver Selection. Training and Supervision (Knudson), 20:6-7. Driving Farm Tractors on the Highway (Bouma), 10:23. Effect of Suspension of Driver's License (Vanik), 81:68. Enriching the Classwork in Driver Educa tion front), 20:22-25. Enriching the Practice Driving Instruction (Bek), 20:26-27. Good Public Relations Demands Accident Prevention (Mullady), 20:22-24; 82:22-24. Highway Safety Through the Eyes of a Motor Vehicle Administrator (Kino), 81: 21-23, 26-28, 32. How Conference Methods Improve Safety Meetings (Phillips), 20:20-21. Incentive Plans Impress the Driver. Panel Discussion. 20:10-11. Let's Hold Better Driver Safety Meetings (Polk), 20:19. Recognition for No-Accldent Records. Panel Discussion, 82 5. Safety In Tank Truck Operations (BairdSmithy. 21 :12. Sportsmanship in Safety (Jacob), 1:13-16. The Teen-Age Driver (Young), 1:27-30. Teen-Age Drivers and the Traffic Court (Bernstein), 81 :44-48. Telling the Story of Your Safe Driver Awards (Davin), 20:12-15. Training Program for State Highway Em ployees (Addition), 24:6. Use of Student Assistants as a Basis of Increasing the Efficiency of the Driver Education Program (Fritehman), 29:2022. Drums: Opening Sodium Sulphide Dnims. Round Table Discussion, 26:20-21. Storage of Hazardous Solvents In Drums (Russell), 80:11-12. Dry Ice: Extinguishing Mine Fires by Dry Ice or Carbon Dioxide. 19:59-66. Dunbar, J. B.: The Drilling Industry's Stake In Safety. 21:15-19. Dunn, George: Preventive Maintenance in Forge Shops. 22:15-17. Dunn, Karl h.: Shielding for Radiant Heat In a Glass Plant. 12:8-10. Dust: Air Contaminants Pertinent to the Food Industry (Schuman), 11:12-13. Allaying Dust During Operation of Con tinuous-Mining Machines and by Water Infiltration of Coal Pillars (Merritts and Jackson), 7:36-41. Control of Dust In Grinding or Machining Magnesium (Bonnack), 18:29. Fires from Paper Dust and Fibers on Machines (Brahmst), 26:14. Fume and Dust Survey of Blasting with Mllll-Second Delay Detonators (Evans), 7:41-44. Industrial Dusts -- What Every Supervisor Should Know (Hamlin), 18:65-57. A Major Problem In a Fertilizer Plant (Wharton), 6:56. Mechanical Means of Removal or Reduction of Air Contamination (Kane), 11:18. Roof Drilling with Dust-Control Equipment (Westfield), 7:44-49. Static Explosions In the Dispersion Indus try (Beach), 18:97-98. The Use of Wetting Agents to Control Dust in Industries (Mau), 18:18-21. E Early Morning Session, 84:4-27. Ears: Ear Defenders for Protection from High Frequency Noise. Discussion, 2:18. Hearing Protectors for High-Pitched Noise. Round Table Discussion, 26:28. Easton, A. H.: Special Tires for Winter Driv ing. 81:14-16. Eck, Charlotte: Enriching the Practice Driv ing Instruction, 29:25-27. Eckert, William F.: Accident Prevention Pro gram of Interlake Steamship Co., 16:13-15. Economics of Safety: Association Safety Ac tivities Saves Money for Its Members. Round Table Discussion, 26:30. Benefits Derived from Safe Operation (Watmough), 6:49. The Cost of Public Accidents to Industry (Cole), 12:8. Cost of Various Fires and Explosions Which Have Occurred In the Chemical Industry (Doyle), 6:19-26. The Coats vs. Savings in a Safety Program. Panel Discussion, 88:13. Estimating the Cost of Accidents In the Wood Preserving Industry (Macon), 88: 4-5. Evaluating the Results of the Program (Carney), 17:18. How Does Accident Control Affect Produc tion (Wels.h), 21:34-38. Importance of Good Housekeeping In Low ering Cost (Wharton), 6:66-58. Industry Affected by All Types of Accidents (Cox and Mumford), 13:22-23 ; 29:40-41; 31:84-85. Management Views the Social and Business Losses from Accidents (Bronnan), 27:1617. Medical Service for Small Plant Reduces Compensation Losses (McConnell), 12:6. Money Saved Sells Association on a Safety Program (Murphy), 18:17-18. One Hundred Ways to Save a Buck (Volpe), 8:15-20. Quality Production with Safety (Soughton), 26:5-6. The Reduction of Cost and Increased Profits Through Accident Prevention (Dunbar), 21 :16, 19. Efficiency: Improved Conditions Increase Pro duction (Wharton), 6:57-58. You Can't Have Safety without Production (Macintosh), 20:16-19. Transactions, 1951 National Safety Conc/ress 43 Electrical Equipment Industry: Progress In Electric Safety (Smith), :6-10. Safety as Part of the RTMA Program (Oraham), 8:10-13. Uniform Acceptance of Nationally Recog nized Standards (Price), 8:14-16. Electrical Equipment Section: Minutes. 8:5-19. Officers and Committees, 8:18-19. Electricity: Electrical Inatallatlon the Source of ^Many Conveyor Belt Fires (Sambrook), Electricity as a Cause of Fires In Chemical Plants (Doyle), 8:20. Instruction In Correct Operating Practices Reduces Accidents ( Riefenstahl), 8:14. Progress In Electric Safety (Smith), 8:5-10. Requirements for Locomotives In Coal Mines in Great Britain (Crook), T:32-34. Teated Equipment Prevents Farm Fire (Just), 10:20-21. Uniform Acceptance of Nationally Recog nized Standards (Price), 8:14-16. See also Static Electricity. Elevators: Design Elevators for the Task They Are to Perform (Mallick), 18:60. Escape Hatch In Elevators In Sulphite Pulp Manufacturing Plant. Round Table Dis cussion, 28:21. Preventing Elevator Accidents In the Tan nery (Shay), 1T:26-26. Track Operator Gets Head Caught In Freight Elevator (Gray), 28:11-12. EHedge, Cecil M.: Safety Precautions at the Reynolds Mining Corp., 18:78-81. IHIott, Eugene B.: Safety on the College Campus, 28:31-33. Ellis, V. C.: Handling Bulk Storage, 8:64-66. Mnpiuyeea; .. vw,.ieVWani, 4ntaWnHVi Attracts Higher Type Labor (Wharton), 8:67. Developing the Sara Way of Thinking. Demonstration Lecture. 18:33-36. How Can We Maintain Safety Standards Under a Mobilization Program. Panel Dis cussion, 82:6. How Do We Keep the Individual from Becoming Complacent about Safety? (Stone), 27:26-26. The Personal Approach In Employee Edu cation (White), 27:4-6. Prerequisites of Employment In Forecasting Employees' Safety Responsiveness fJfcCollum), 4:7-10. Rehabilitation of Employees. Symposium, 1 Safety and Morale (Willingham), 27:31-36. Screening Job Applicants to Detect the Ac cident Prone (Zimmerman), 21:29-31. Some Elements of Job and Employee Con trol for Accident Prevention. Symposium, 4:3-10. Why the Rehabilitated Worker Shows a Good Safety Record (Kendall), 17:11. Worker Training Needed In Public Em ployee Agencies (Bill), 24:17-18. Employees--Meetings: Assistance for Foremen Holding Depart mental Safety Meetings. Round Table Discussion. 11:7. Before the Meeting (Righter), 28:10. Getting the Audiences to Think (Phillips), 18:41-42. How Conference Methods Improve Safety Meetings (Phillips), 2O:20-2L Let's Hold Better Driver Safety Meetings (Polk), 20:19. Mine Haulage People Hold Safety Meetings on Trolley Phones (Kirkwood), 7:20. Operational Training Meetings Tie In Safety (Addison), 24:7-8. Scheduled Meetings Include Night Shift Supervisors and Management (Batche), 28:7. Time and Number of Safety Meetings for Drivers. Panel Discussion. 20:11. The Tool-Box Meeting and Safety (Volpe), 8:18. Employees--New: All New Employees Report to Safety Department for Induction (Batche), 28:6. The First Days at the Laboratory (Chris tian), 8:6-R. The Indoctrination of the New Employee (Volpe), 8:17. Keeping Operators Safe (Prati), 22:23-24. Safety Starts Before He Goes to Work (Soughton), 26:9. When New Employees are Hired (Righter), 28:10. Employees--Publications: Capitalizing on the Plant Paper (Peeler), 17:28. Distribution and Make-Up of Plant Publi cations. Demonstration Lecture, 18:33-34. Every Edition Contains Safety Items (Batche), 28:6. Value of Employee Publications In Promot ing Safety (Eckert), 16:16. Enforcement: The Court's Responsibility To ward Improving Driver Attitudes (Fisher). 81:48-62. Developing Public Support lor Enforcement. Pnnel Discussion. 81 :76-7R. I Enforcement Policies. Panel Discussion, 81: 63-64. The Motor Vehicle Administrator Looks at Traffic Enforcement (King), 81:28-32. Securing Closer Cooperation Between Police and Courts. Panel Discussion, 81:62-6S. Teen Age Drivers and the Traffic Court (Bernstein), 81:44-48. The Traffic Engineer Looks at Enforcement (Fisher), 81 -72-75. Traffic Safety from the Bench (Vanik), 81:67-72. Engineering: Aviation Must Have Safety (Burton), 2:5-9. Coordinating Safety with Plant Engineering In Plant Layout (Mallick), 18:48-63. Coordinating Safety with Plant Engineering In Relation to Plant Design (Miehle), 18:43-48. Coordinating Safety with Plant Engineering Session, 18:43-53. Designing Structures and Areas to House Solvent Handling In the Textile Industry (Russell), 80:10-11. Layout of Equipment In a Hammer Shop (Larson), 22:8. Occupational Dermatitis: Teamwork In En gineering and Medical Control (Schotts), 18:57-69. Officers* of tlm AUTOMOTIVE AND MACHINE SHOP SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1T51-S2 General { lunrnmn I' II. IIUMPMKEYS, Manager, Property Department, American Car & Foundry Company, New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman- E. CLARK WOODWARD, Director of Safety, A. O. Smith Corpora tion, Milwaukee, Wis. Secretary--KDWARD G. HOLTZMAN, Manager Safety & Medical Service, Wagner Klectric Corporation, St. Louis, Mo. I'riit/ram (lunrman FRED G YHLTON, Director of Safety, Delro Remy Division, General Motors Corporal ion, Anderson, Ind. engineering Methods o I'rm edures Committee--Cliairuiaii: C. .1. PETERSON, Safety Sujiervisor, Plymouth Motors Division, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich; W. .1. WALLS, Safely Director, Burroughs A<lding Machine Company, Detroit, Mich.; M. F. BIANCARDI, Manager, Health Si Safety Department, Allis Chalmers Mfg. Company, Mil waukee, Wis.; WALTFK HAAG, Safety Supervisor, Serve), Inc., Kvansville, Ind.; R. I). IIARVF.Y, Safety Kngineer, The Murray Corporation of America, Detroit, Mich.; DAVID T. MOULD, Safety Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; 15. J. PKOVOLNY, Personnel Supervisor, Detroit Diesel Engine Division, General Motors Corporation, Wayne, Mich.; EDGAR O. PRANGE, Safety Director, llendix Products Division, Bendix Aviation Corporation, South Bend, Ind.; KDWARD D. RAI1DK, Supervisor of Safety, Westinghouse Air Brake Company, Air Brake Division, Wilmerding, Pa.; WILLIAM S. SMITH, Director of Safety, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.; GERALD C. SQUIER, Assistant Safety Engineer, Chrysler Division, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. r.ducation and Training Committee--Chairman: H. M. HUNTINGTON, Works Safely Supervisor, International Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, III.; New* I-etter Editor: JOHN K. KANE, Supervisor of Safety, Ternsledt Division, General Motors Corp., Trenton, N. J.; F. W. FISKE, Safety Director, The Brewer-Titchener Corporation, Cortland, N. Y.; C. C. DRAKE, Safety Director, The Oliver Corporation, South Bend, Ind.; S. B. HOPPING, Assistant Manager, Safety Si Claims, American Car & Foundry Company, New York, N. Y.; A. N. CHAPMAN, Safety Supervisor, Pratt-Whitney Aircraft Division, United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn; K. I. JACOBY, Works Safety Supervisor, International Harvester Company, Refrig eration Division, Kvansvill^, Ind.; WILLARD A. KERR, Assoc. Professor of Psy chology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 111.; PAUL KRAMOS, Chief Safety Engineer, Butler Manufacturing Company, Kansas City, Mo.; T. R. LEAD15 EATER, Safety Director, Ford Instrument Company, Division-Sperry Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.; F. B. McNAMEE, Safety Director, Clayton & Lambert Manu facturing Company, Louisville, Ky.; WM. J. NEIDERAUER, Safety Director, Otk Elevator Company, New York, N. Y.; W. F. SHERMAN, Training Director, Inter 14 national Harvester Company, Iran or Works, Chicago, 111.; GEORGE E. HUM PHREY, Safety Director, Cadillac Motor Car Division, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Health Maintenance Committee--Chairman: FRANK A. PATTY, Industrial Hygiene Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; O. C. BOILEAU, Manager, Health and Insurance Section, RCA Victor Division, Radio Corp. of America, Cam den, N. J.; LESTER V. CKALLEY, Industrial Hygienist, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; W. G. HAZARD, Industrial Hygienist, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio.; N. V. HENDRICKS, Director, Industrial Hygiene Section, Medical Research Division, Standard Oil Development Company, Linden, N. J.; E. A. IRVIN, M.D., Medical Director, Cadillac Motor Car Division, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; W. W. JOCZ, M.D., Assistant Medical Director, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; JOHN LISKOW, Chief Engineer, Dust Control Division, American Air Filler Co., Inc., First Sc Central Avenues, Louisville, Ky.; K. L. WALSH, M.D., Assistant Medical Director, International Harvester Co., Chi cago, III. Membership Committee--Chairman: G. A. SNYDER, Supervisor, Safety & Sanitation, Allis Chalmers Manufacturing Company, LaPorte, Ind.; W. E. GRUBER, Assistant Chief Safety Engineer, Standard Accident Insurance Company, Detroit, Mich.; PAUL F. BUNGER, Safety Director, Frigidaire Division, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio; JAMES A. DOWNEY, Jr., Director, Personnel & Safety, Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron Company, Birmingham, Ala.; LEIGH GREENE, Safety Director, The Oliver Corporation, Charles City, la.; KENNETH S. HEDGES, Assoc. Safety Direc tor, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; ARNOLD J. SCHILK, Safety Direc tor, McCord Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Staff Representative--ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safety Council, Chicago. 15 22 Cement and Quarry Industries under the shade of a convenient elm tree. In any event, it should be appropriate, and due consideration should be Riven to the type of instruction which is to be Riven and the comfort of the employees. As I mentioned a few minutes ago, some thought .should rertainly he given to the question of who needs training. A certain percentage of your employees can be de pended upon to show up for work day after day and month after month. Perhaps this is 50 per cent and perhaps it is 90 per cent. The remaining 10 per cent or 50 per cent are the drifters down to a warmer climate when the wind starts getting cold. Any training program must be flexible enough to include both of these groups and to keep both of them interested. The job is not a simple one, but it is not impossible either. Very little that is new can be said on the subject of training programs. The basic principles have existed for years, and the programs which have followed these prin ciples have been successful. The failures have resulted when these principles were ignored. The safety engineer or safety di rector has available all the necessary tools and materials to solve this problem as well as nearly all the others which he may en counter. The wise safety man will avail himself of these tools which, if used prop erly, will assure Inin of success in his work. Officers of the CEMENT AND QUARRY SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General C/imVinuti--l.KA P. WARNEK, IK., Warner Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Vice-Chairman--- M. C. M. POI.I.ARI), National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Secretary--KENT 1ANI)ER, National l.ime Association, Washington, 1). C. Alerter Letter Editor--SKYMOUR H. FLEMING, New York Trap Rock Corporation, Newburgh, N. Y. Engineering Committee Chairman--L. D. COWLING, Louisville Cement Corporation, Speed, Ind. Membership Committee Chairman--T. W. JONES, New Haven Trap Rock Company, New Haven, Conn. Program Committee Chairmon--IIARVF.Y F. YOTTF.R, The General Crushed Stone Company, Easton, Pa. Statistics Committee Chairman--FORREST T. MOYER, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Wash ington, D. C. Visual Aid Committee Chairman--H. G. COLLINS, Lehigh Portland Cement Company, Allentown, Pa. Members-at-Large--V. P. AH EARN, National Sand fit Gravel Association, Washington, - D. C.; E. W. BAUMAN, National Slag Association, Washington, D. C.; J. R. BOYD, National Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. C.; *F. J. BUFFINGTON, New York Trap Rock Corporation, Newburgh, N. Y.; *P. N. BUSHNTiLL, Univer sal Atlas Cement Company, New York, N. Y.; R. E. COPELAND, National Con crete Masonry Association, Chicago, III.; A. J. R. CURTIS, Portland Cement Associa tion, Chicago, III.; F. R. DITTOli, The Kelley Island Lime & Transport Company, Cleveland, Ohio; *0. M. Graves, The General Crushed Stone Company, Easton, Pa.; C. A. GUSTAFSON, The Callanan Road Improvement Company, South Bethlehem, N. Y.; A. HERZOG, Keystone Sand and Gravel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; IVAN LeGORE, Portland Cement Association, Chicago, III.; JOHN MATHER, Lone Star Cement Corporation, New York, N. Y.; *JOHAN NORVIG, Pennsylvania Dixie Cement Corporation, Nazareth, Pa.; WALTER J. SCAHILL, Missouri Portland Cement Company, St. Louis, Mo.; LOYD YEAGF.R, Gypsum Association, Chicago, III.; W. E. WING, Marblehead Lime Company, Chicago, 111. V Representative--G. G. GRIEVE, National Safely Council, Chicago, 111. hit General Chairman. 23 Officers of the CHEMICAL SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--J. R. BOLLMAN, The Procter & Gamble Co., Tvorydale, Cincin nati, Ohio. Vice-Chairman in Charge of Program--J. E. NICHOLS, Reynolds Metals Co., Rich mond, Va. Secretary--E. J. MEYERS, Safety & Fire Protection Div., E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. News Letter Committee--G. L. GORBELL (Chairman), Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.; V. R. CROSWELL, Hercules Powder Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del.; C. A. HEBERT, Ethyl Corp, Baton Rouge. La.; ANDREW RITTER, Hercules Experi mental Station. Wilmington, Del.; S. F. SPENCE, American Cyanamid Co., New York. N. Y. Engineering Committee-- F.. G. MEITER (Chairman), Employers Mutuals, Milwaukee, Wis.; P. C. LAMR, Lever Brothers Co., New York, N. Y.; D. O. MASON, Gen eral Chemical Div., Allied Chemical & Dye Corp., New York, N. Y.; H. F. REINHARD, Union Carbide & Carbon Corp., New York, N. Y.; J. J. WHALEN, Solvay Process Div., Allied Chemical & Dye Corp., Solvay, New York. Public Relations Committee--E. R. WALLACE (Chairman), Eastman Kodak Co., Roch ester, N. Y.; R. G. WHEELDON, The Drackett Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Data Sheet and Instruction Card Committee--R. S. MACKIE (Chairman), General Electric Co., Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio; G. R. CUMMINGS, Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, Ind.; FRANK GAUGUSH, Sherwin-Williams Co, Chicago, 111.; ROB ERT L. HOUTZ, Post Safety Officer, Army Chemical Center, Md.; J. A. TARDIFF, Hooker Electrochemical Co, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Health Committee--S. W. GURNEY (Chairman), Liberty Mutual Insurance Co, Boston, Mass.; R. L. ALLINSON, Texas Div, The Dow Chemical Co, Freeport, Texas; MERRIL EISENBUD, Dir. of Health & Safety Div, Atomic Energy Commission, Ansonia Station, New York, N. Y.; DR. LEONARD GREENBURG, Div. of Industrial Hygiene & Safety Standards, State of New York, Dept, of Lalmr, New York, N. Y.; T. W. NALH, M. D, Union Carbide & Carbon Corp, New York, N. Y.; H. HSCHRENK, Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Membership Committee--W. W. FLANAGAN (Chairman), Atlas Powder Co, Wilmington, Del.; J. E. SMITH, Spencer Chemical Co, Pittsburg, Kas.; S. D. SALTON* STALL, Celanese Corp. of America, Bishop, Texas. Poster and Visual Aids Committee--H. H. FAWCETT (Chairman), Research Laboratory, General Electric Co, Schenectady, N. Y.; D. W. GIBSON, Safety Supvr, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co, Columbia Chemical Div, Barberton, Ohio. 62 Statistics and Contest Committee--M. A. SNELL (Chairman), Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co, Hartford, Conn.; G. C. HENDERSON, Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp, Paducah, Ky. Perliliser Industry Committee--J. S. FIELDS (Chairman), Phillips Chemical Co, Bar tlesville, Okla.; J. F,, SMITH, Spencer Chemical Co, Pittsburgh, Kas.; VERNON S. GORNTO, Smith-Dauglass Co, Inc, Norfolk, Va. Advisory Committee--R. II. ALBISSER, Merck & Co, Rahway, N. J.; A. L. COBB, Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, N. Y.; R. O. KEEFER, Aluminum Co. of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; S. M. MacCUTCHEON, The Dow Chemical Co, Midland, Mich.; H. L. MINER, Philadelphia, Pa.; COL. R. C. STRATTON, The Travelers Insur ance Companies, Hartford, Conn. Staff Represeniatior--FLOYD A. VAN ATTA, National Safety Council, Chicago. 63 Officers of the CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Honorary Life Member SAMUEL R. R1SHOP, New York, N. Y. General Chairman II W. RICHARDSON, Construrtion Methods and Equipment, New York, N Y. I'iee Chairman GEORGE A. HKNISH, Assoeiated General Contractors of America, Milwaukee, Wis Secretary--MISS OLIVE E. POTTER, Contractors and Engineers Monthly, New York, N. Y. Engineering Committee F. II. MACKIE (Chairman), Manager, Construrtion Division, Engineering Department, I. <lu Pont do Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Del ; JOSEPH A. Del.DCA, E. I du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del.; JOHN DIGGES, Safety Director, Department of Subways and Superhighways, City of Chicago, Chicago, III ; VIRGIL E. GDNI.Ot K, Commission of Suhwavs and Superhighways, City of Chicago. Chicago, 111.; RAY II. HAHN, Allegheny Asphalt and Paving Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; DANIEL HAYES, Atomic Energy Com mission. Washington, I), C.; O. LUPINSKI, Lupinski, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.; HAROLD E. SNEED. DeWall, Inc., Lancaster, Pa. Membership Committee -- ROIIERT L. MOORE (Chairman), Lumbermen's Mutual Cas ualty Company, Chicago, III.; H. R. ALEXANDER, II. R. Alexander and Son, Inc., Harrisburg, Pa.; C. R. RRONSON, National Constructors Association, New York, N. Y.; GEORGE COMRS, Michigan Chapter, Associated General Contractors of America, Lansing, Mich.; RORERT M. EVENDEN, Safety Director, Guy F. Atkin son Company, South San Francisco, Calif.; FRED A. HORNSRY, Mine Safety Ap pliances Company. Pittsburgh, Pa.; CLEMENT J, LUF.PKF, T, II. Mastin and Company, Si Louis, Mo.; JAMES M. SPROUSE, Associated General Contractors of America. W ashington. D ( I'rotyram Csmnm tlee--JEROME I WILLIAMS (Otairmart). Director of Safety. Morriw*i-Kmd*-*"' t ' . IV-tse. Ida ; R 1 HF.NDE.RSUOTT (Assistant (~bairman). \ss.risied < rtrteral ( >iniracn.rs of Minnesota. Minneapolis. Minn; C. M. CAHILL. Massman <"nstruction < <. Kansas City. Mo.; KENNETH F. COUGHLIN. Kansas City Bridge Co. Kansas City. Mo.; DALE MF.DSHF.R, Area Supt., National Surety Corp.. Atlanta, Ga ; \V. T. ROGF.RS, Ehasco Services Inc., New York, N. Y. I'Micity I'ominittee--FRED A. HORNSRY (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances to. Pittsburgh, Pa.; HAROLD I. McKEEYER, Roads and Streets Chicago, III.; J. GEORGE ROBINSON, Associated General Contractors of Missouri, Jefferson City, Mo.; VINCENT R. SMITH, Engineering News-Record, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Washington, D. C.; WILLIAM E. WOODRUFF, The Constructor, Associates! General Contractors of America, Washington, D. C. News Letter Editor--JAMES A. SHAW, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicago, III 22 Members-at-l.arge- LLOYD A BLANCHARD, Director, Rescue Service Division. Federal Civil Defense Administration, Washington, D. C.; GERARD O. GRIFFIN, Dravn Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; OTTO S. HOLMSKOG, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Wausau, Wis.; HARRY J. KIRK, Associated General Contractors of America, Washington, D. C.; RAY J. RE1GELUTH, New Haven Trap Rock Co., New Haven, Conn.; II. S. BENTON, Warren F. Bellows Construction Corp., Houston, Texas; C. II. BLACK, Slone and Webster Engineering Corp., Boston, Mass.; LEE DEAKDORF, W. L. Johnson Construction Co., llicksville, Ohio; ROBERT HAI.BERI', Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicago, 111.; ROBERT L. JENKINS, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C.; N. B. O'CONNELL, Turner Construction Company, Boston, Mass.; H. A. RADZIKOWSKI, Department of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D. C.; JOHN A. VOLTE, Volpe Construction Co., Malden, Mass.; S. D. WEBB, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; DWIGHT WINKELMAN, D. W. Winkelman Co., Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. Engineering Societies and National Association Representatives--(American Association of State Highway Officials) W. G. PRUETT, Director, Alabama State Highway Department, Montgomery, Ala.; (American Institute of Architects) CHARLES S. HAINES, Tarrytowu, N. Y.; (American Society of Civil Engineers) ALFRED T. GLASSETT, W. J. Barney Corp., New York, N. Y.; (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) J. 1. BANASH, West Los Angeles, Calif.; (Power Crane and Shovel Association and Mixer Manufacturers Bureau) E. H. LICHTENBERG, Koehring Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Staff Representative--HOWARD H. WARZYN, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. 25 Officers of the ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Chairman--CLIFTON N. FOGG, Safety Engineer, Simplex Wire & Cable Company, Cambridge, Mass. Vice-Chairman of Radio, Electronics of Lamps Division--J. J. LAWLER, Div. Safety F.ngineer, Sylvanin Electric Products Inc., Emporium, Pa. Vice-Chairman of Heavy Apparatus Division--E. CLARK WOODWARD, Director of Safety, A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. Vice-Chairman of Appliance and Light Apparatus Division--FREDERIC T. CLARKE, Supvr. of Employee Relations, Alkyd Resin Plant, Chemical Mat. Dept., General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. Vice-Chairman of Electrical Wire and Cable Division--PETER CONTARDO, Safety Director, John A. Roebling's Sons Company, Trenton, N. I. Secretary--J. M. TRANSUE, Security Director, Philco Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa. News Letter Committee--K. V. MILLIGAN (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; EDWARD G. HOLTZMAN, Manager, Safety St Medical Service, Wagner Electric Corporation, St. Louis, Mo.; STUART K. BEECHER, Ind. Relations Staff, Stromberg-Carlson Company, Rochester, N. Y.; HAL SHANAFIELI), Managing Editor, Electrical Dealer Magazine, Chicago, 111. Research <r Engineering Committee -- MYRON L. MILLER (Chairman). Supvr. of Safety, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa.; HAROLD D. LONG, Sales Engineer, I larvey Hubbell, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn.; E. B. CURDTSj Asst. Dir. of Engineering, James G. Biddle Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; H. B. WHIT AKER, Sr. Asst. Elec. Eng., Underwriters Laboratories, Chicago, III. Membership Committee--JAMES A. WALDRON (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Packard Electric Div. General Motors Corporation, Warren, Ohio; JAMES M. McGOUGH. Supvr of Safety, Union Switch & Signal Div.. of Westinghouse Air Brake Company. P-r.iI.sirg*-. Pi. ; CLIFFORD F. RAUSCH, Master Mechanic-Safety Director. Oh* Lamp Wc-Vi Cor;' E'e-r-ir Crrrpsaiy. Warren. Ohio; El I BOIS. Safety Fit** tor. Ananorvii 'A ire h CiLie . Sycarwre. Ill Program Committee--F. A. GASS (Chairman), Super, of Safety, General Electric O* pany, Lynn. Mass.; ARTHUR J. MATHEWS, Safety Director, Sprague Elatfdg Company, North Adams. Mass.; GEORGE KOCH, Safety Director, Western Company, Kearny, N. J.; H. YOUNG, Safety Dir., Rome Cable Corporation, SMHhi N. Y. !$ Accident Analysis Committee--C. F. SCHLUETER (Chairman), Asst. Chief EogkM%; Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis.; MACK R. KRANTZ, Safety Director, SMMh 18 Warner (,or|ioration, Chicago, III.; EARL E. GEIUIART, Ass't Safety Director, Frigidairc Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio; MY1IREN 1. GJKRDE, Safrly Engineer, Thomas A. Edison, Inc., West Orange, N. J.; RUSSELL C. TIRRF.LL, Div. Safely Engineer, Sylvanin Electric Products, Inc., Salem, Mass. Training /> Viihlicalions Committee--HAROLD C. STANZLKR (Chairman), Personnel ft Safety Director, ( ollycr Insulated Wire Company, Pawtucket, R. I,; EDWARD GRAHAM, Lt. Col., USAF, lh|. Airways and Air Communications Service, MATS, Andrews AF Base, Washington, D. C.; OLIVER C. ROLIEAU, Mgr., Safety, Health ft Insurance Section, Radio Corp. of America, RCA Victor Div., Camden, N. J.; J. MILLER, Safety Supvr., Allis-Chnlmcrs Company, Norwood, Ohio. Trade Associations Committee--JAMES A. EDMONDS (Chairman), Vice-Pres., Daniel Woodhead Company, Chicago, III.; ALBERT A, RAPP, Supvr. of Safety, Westing house Elertrie Corp., Lamp Div., Bloomfield, N. J.; E. R. CORNISH, Director, Re search ft Education, National Electrical Contractors Association, Washington, D. C.; CHARLES MacDONAI.I), Employers Reinsurance Corjioratioii, Chicago, III. Special Representative--G. W. GREENWOOD, Chief of Defense Coordination, Western Electric Company, Inc., Chicago, 111. Councilors (Past Chairmen)-- E. K. TAYLOR, Safely Dir., Zenith Radio Corporation, Chicago, (II.; K, B. DUFFUS, Mgr., Acc. Pre. Service, Westinghouse Electric Corpo ration, Pittsburgh, Pa.; MICHAEL F. BIANCARDI, Mgr. Health & Safety Dept., Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Staff Representative--GEORGE MacDONALD, National Safety Council, Chicago; III. 19 Industrial Nursing 22 principles of thinking mid acting safely. By Air Force directive, an accident rc|>ort must at many Air I orce installations in pro viding a safer environment for airmen. I* submitted l>y tlie supervisor of the in In private industry, control measures di jured individual for each off-duty accident rected at off-tbe-job accidents certainly could in which an airman is injured. not be as extensive as those used in On the basis of statistical studies of these reports, it is possible to isolate to areas of highest accident potential, and plan and di rect corrective measures accordingly. As private motor vehicle operation is the most serious source of accidents, greatest empha sis is placed on education and publicity en couraging safe operation. At eacli Air Force installation suitable movies arc shown, ap propriate posters are displayed, base and tlie Air Force for obvious reasons. The statistical information, necessary for pro gram planning, relating to off-thc-job acci dents to employees could not be obtained on a mandatory basis as in tire Air Force but would have to be procured on a voluntary basis. The first step in such a program would be lo stimulate the employee's interest in bis own safety by showing him bow be will profit personally. local newspapers print articles, Columns, Cooperative action between industry and stories and even pictures related to safe community agencies, labor organizations and driving, and lectures and demonstrations state and federal safety authorities would concerning driving are given as needed. In be essential. Through the cooperative activi addition to these measures, other devices are ties of these organizations and by the distri used at the discretion of the commanding bution of suitable indoctrination materials, officer. For example, at some installations, pri vately owned vehicles must pass a mechani cal inspection and be properly insured before they are allowed on the base. Where fla grant driving violations occur leading to an accident, disciplinary action is often taken on safe driving, accident prevention in the borne and in recreational activities, an ef fective start could be made on the control of off-thc-job accidents. Ultimate results would depend on the ingenuity of industrial safety personnel and the quality of manage ment backing. to art as a deterrent to other vehicle opera tors. Character guidance activities of chap lains and supervisors are periodically di rected at accident prevention. These and similar measures are applied in the preven tion of accidents oecuring in sjxirts and In the interests of economy and human welfare, off-duty accident prevention in the Air Force is essential. The industrial situa tion may he different in degree but not in kind in this respect. It is likely that in each industry, the need for preventing off-the-job recreation. At many installations, efforts are made to provide the best possible recreational fa cilities on the base as an inducement to air men to remain in the controlled military environment. Special measures are now be ing taken with respect to drownings, and the program for this purpose is outlined by Air Force directive. The other sources of accidents receive corresponding attention. accidents would have to be evaluated, first on an economic basis, from the management point of view, and then on its broader merits. I'ossildy the greatest value in industrial participation in the prevention of off-tbe-job accidents would not be the profit to a particular industry or individual but the improvement which might l>e made in the national accident toll. Children and youths are getting more and The final objective of all measures is to help our airmen to l>e better, safer citizens, for their own good as well as for the good more accident prevention education eacli day in the schools of the nation, but it is diffiewfc to reach and educate the adult populatx*. of the Air Force. A valuable source of as sistance in tire application not only of cducaaviral measure* lP ' f engineering and Community, state and federal agencies ai* working more and more toward accwfcai preventkin and private safety organization erfe-Ti- vfT c-i--''* -- <* the 'rnd ''em--i TTmtngS or r*-, r. *,* I c p American Red Cross, auv.xnofqlt clubs Chamlvr of Commerce and similar organi zations, excellent results are being obtained and insurance companies hae been n toe rr^rovemert 'i ratt'sml safety fnt F'*rh2f* tbe anstvrr t - real iIraki It reducing the nali<',nal accident toff rOa Ik the widespread participation of manafMMB in off-the-job safety. Officers of the INDUSTRIAL NURSING SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL T95I-52 General Chairman--MISS KRNA MAYRF.R, R. N., F.. I. du Pont dc Nemours & Co., Inc., East Chicago, Ind. Vice-Chairman--MRS. MAREN FRYE, R. N., Union Carbide & Carbon Corporation, 230 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. Vice-Chairman, Membership--MRS. BERNARDINE HOLMAN, R. N., Employers Mu tuals of Wisconsin, Wausau, Wis. News Letter Editor--MISS IRENE NARLOCH, R. N., Industrial Hygiene Div., Wis consin State Board of Health, State Office Bldg., Madison, Wis. Program Chairman--MISS HAPPY BRUDF.R, R. N., Saks Fifth Ave., 669 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. Publicity Chairman--MRS. MARY DAVISON, R. N., Chicago Daily Tribune, Tribune Tower, Chicago, III. Medical Advisor to the Section--DR. CHARLES F. SHOOK, Medical Director, OwensIllinois Glass Co., Ohio Building, Toledo, Ohio. Secretary--MISS DOLORES BENGRY, R. N., Public Service Company! of Northern Illinois, 1701 South First Avenue, Maywood, III. Staff Representative--JANE S. WEIR, R. N., National Safety Council, 42S N. Mich igan Ave., Chicago, 111. 23 24 Maritime Industries The Evolution of Safety By CAPTAIN EDWARD C. HOLDEN, JR. Vice Pre*., United States Protection & Indemnity Agency, Inc., New York, N. Y. There was a time when, in the minds of many, the science of safety was the sub ject of derision and mockery, a time when it stood as a sort of fringe of disconnected mysteries l>ordering upon the black arts, a dangerous sort of thing capable of looking with equanimity upon the evils which lay on one side of it and with a hopeful and lienign expression upon the conventionali ties of life on the other. Accidents were often considered to he acts of God and to take care was a violation of one's trust in God. In any event, in many circles, it was not polite or politic to speak frankly altout safety, of human slaughter or the barbarities of accidents resulting in death or permanent disability, of human suffering and all the other attributes of such cases. The human tendency was to "soft-pedal" talks about safety and the acci dent problem. So, the whole safety move ment was looked upon with a huge questionmark. A consistent "do-nothing" attitude prevailed in so many instances that the fre quency and severity of accidents continued to increase at an alarming rate and became an economic burden. Undaunted, a pioneering spirit prevailed in the regions of scientific safety inquiry. Although the voice of the safety advocate was all but lost in the wilderness, neverthe less his work continued in the firm belief (hat the man who dares to do something worth-while will utilmately gain a following. As the fruits of accident prevention be came more and more evident, it gradually developed to a stage where it could lie re garded, at least, as respectable; and, the main criticisms of it concerned its so-called impracticability. Some executives said: "Safety will cost too much." Others said: "Safety is a fandangle idea, it will not work." And still others remarked: "We don't want these safety people telling us how to run our jobs, our business, etc., etc." This was the Age of Adolescence of the science of safety. Then came the Period of Maturity, when the science of safety, feeling the strength of its wings, could no longer harbor itself within the cloister, but came out into the open and made the affairs of men its con cern. The Age of Utilitarianism in the science of safety was upon us. More and more the conservation of men's lives was done by the product of man's intellect in the processes of management rather than by resorting to the caprice of superstition and the vagary of the mystic charm, "Lady Luck." The science of safety now stands ready, a willing servant, to reduce the uncertain ties of life to the ultimate minimum when we, her masters, direct her efforts and uti lize the skill which is within her. As I have sat from time to time in gatherings of executives who are interested in safety, such as this meeting of the ma rine industries, I have been impressed with an ever growing feeling of cooperation and mutual understanding looking toward the solution of accident problems. You demon strate that no human progress can be made unless we remain critical of defects, alert as to practical needs and fertile in mind and thought for possible improvements. The lime worn doctrine of "laissez-faire" can no longer be accepted if business is to survive the perils and costs of accidents. The entire marine industry owes a pe culiar debt to you leaders within the indus try who have recognized that safety has brought increased efficiency in operations. You have contributed much to the conser vation of manpower which is all important during these critcal days of national emer gency. We know that you will not relax in your safety activities. To the contrary, we are convinced that you will increase the tempo of your efforts to meet new, challenging conditions. The greatest challenge of all is to prevent human failure in shipyards and in ship operations. This calls for continued and more intensive training programs. By your safety endeavors, you will long lie remembered with profound gratitude by all who go down to the sea in ships as well as by those who helped to build the ships. Officers of the MARINE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 (teneral Chairman--FREDERICK R. PRATT, Gen. Mgr., Marine Transp. Dept., SoconyVacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y. lixecutive General Chairman- CART. GEORGE WAUCHOPE, Exec. Vice-Pres., Farrell Lines, New York, N. Y. Eire General Chairman (Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing)--JOHN G. PEW, JR., VicePres., Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Chester, Pa. Vice General Chairmen (Atlantic Area)-WALTER M. WELLS, Pres., Isthmian S.S. Co., New York, N. Y.; F. M. ROIIRER, Vice-Pres., Grace Line, New York, N. Y. Vice General Chairman (Gulf Area)--E. A. JIMISON, Vice-Pres., Lykes Bros Steamship Co., Inc., New Orleans, La. Vice General Chairmen (Pacific Area)--RANDOLPH SEVIER, Pres., Matson Navigation Co., San Francisco, Calif.; A. F.. KIHN, Mgr., Marine Dept., Standard Oil Co. of Cal., San Francisco, Cal. Vice General Chairmen (Great Lakes Area)--\VM. R. MACDONALD, Counsel, Hutchin son & Co., Cleveland, Ohio; DAVID L. BUCHANAN. Ind. Rel. Mgr., Pittsburgh S.S. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Vice General Chairmen (Passenger & Cargo Services)--HARRY X. KELLY, Exec. Vice-Pres., Mississippi Shipping Co., New Orleans, La.; CAPT. JONES F. DEVLIN, JR., Gen. Mgr., United Stales Lines, New York, N. Y Vice General Chairmen (Tankers)FiRWIN O. PERKINS, Asst. Gen. Manager, Marine Dept., The Texas Co., New York, N. Y.; CHRISTOPHER STORY, Vice-Ires., Cities Service Oil Co., New York, N. Y. l ice General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conventions)-- VICE-ADM. MF.RLIN O Nl*.ILL, USC.fi, C.omdt., U. S. Coast Guard, Washing ton, D. C. Vice General Chairman (Coordination-Government and Marine Industry)--VICE-ADM. FiDWARD L. COCHRANIi, USN (Ret ), Maritime Administrator, U. S. Dept, of Commerce, Washington, D. C. Advisory Committee (Past General Chairmen)--LEIGH R. SANFORD, President, Ship builders Council of America, New York, N. Y.; LOUIS II. PATIi, Vice-Pres., Seas Shipping Co. (Robin Line), New York, N. Y.; COM. ROBF.RT C. LEE, Exec. VicePres., Moore-McCormack Lines, New York, N. Y.; WILLARD F. JONES, Vice-Pres., Gulf Oil Corp., New York, N. Y.; CARTIiR KENDALL, Chief Safety ling., Beth lehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa.; CARL E. HOLMES, Mgr., Claims Dept., Marsh & McLennan, Inc., New York, N. Y.; CAPT. EDWARD C. HOLDEN, JR., VicePresident, United States P. Sc I. Agency, New York, N. Y.; CAPT. E. W. FISKE, JR., Mgr., Operating Div., Marine Transp. Dept., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y.; CAPT. FRANK 11. ( OGAN, Supl., Marine Dept., The Delaware, Lacka- 25 wanna & Western R R (n, Hoboken, N. I.; ARIHUR M. TODKp Consulting Rng., New York, N. Y Chairman, Nominating Committor-Wll.I.AR1) I"'. IONE.S, Vire-Pres, Gulf Oil Corp., New York. N. Y. Secretary (Admiralty and Maritime Counselor)--HENRY (.. I*.IDFNBACH. Hagen, Senecal & F.idenbach, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Programs, Conventions & Meetings)--H. M. WICK, Asst, to the Pres , American Bureau of Shipping, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Membership)--('ART. E. W. F1SKE, JR., Mgr., Operating I )iv.. Marine Trans. Oepl., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Cargo Vessels)--L. H. QUACKF.NBUSH, Mgr., Husband ing Dept., States Marine Corp. of Del, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Petroleum and Tank Vessels)--FRANK W. MILLER, Asst. Mgr., Operations Div., Esso Shipping Co., New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Stevedoring)--JOHN W. McGRATH, Rres., National Assn, of Stevedores, and Pres., John W. McGrath Corp., New York, N. Y. Director, Public Relations and Publicity--FRANK BRAYNARD, Dir., Bureau of Infor mation, American Merchant Marine Inst., New York, N. Y. Director, Maritime Associations--Safety Cooperation and Attendance-- R. J. BAKER, Secretary-Treas., American Merchant Marine Inst., New York ,N. Y. Directors, Safety Information and Posters--CAPT. R. E. MACKEY, Asst. Mgr., Oper ations Div., Marine Dept., The Texas Co., New York, N. Y.; HAROLD J. SEGRAVF,, District Manager, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Long Island City, N. Y. Editor, Marine News Letter-- S. B. PARSELI., Marine Dept., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York. N. Y. Regional Activities and Committees Assistant to Vice General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conven tions--Coordination)--REAR ADM. J. A. HIRSHFIF.LD, USCG, Dir. of Personnel, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Assistant Chairman, Atlantic Region--Tanker Operations--CART. WILLIAM G. AN DERSON, Mgr. of Operations, Marine Div., The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Assistant Chairmen, Gulf Region--Ships and Stevedoring--CAPT. RALPH L. MOCK, Supvr., Accident Prevention, Lykes Bros. S.S. Co., New Orleans, La.; EARLF' SMITH, Safety Dir., Waterman S.S. Co., Mobile, Ala. Assistant Chairmen, Pacific Region--Ships and Stevedoring--JOSEPH H. TRAVERS, Mgr., Acc. I'rc. Bureau, Pacific Maritime Assn., San F'rancisco, Cal.; HARRY E. AVERY, Safety Engineer, Matson Navigation Co., San F'rancisco, Calif. Assistant Chairman, Southern California Region--Ports and Terminals-- REAR ADM. FRANK I). 1IIGBEK, USCG (Ret.), Warden of the Port of Los Angeles, San Pedro, Cal. Assistant Chairman, Great Lakes Region--Bulk Carriers -WM. ECKERT, Mgr., Safety Dept., Interlake S.S. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 26 Assistant Chairman, Great Lakes Region--Towing--J. R C.ARBUTT, Mgr., Ins. Dept., Great Lakes Towing Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Director, Inland IVatenvays, Operations and Shipbuilding CHESTER C. THOMPSON, Pres., The American Waterways Operators, 1 nr., WnsliiiiKlon, IX C. Special Service Committees Chairman, Committee for the Advancement of Safety in the American Merchant Marine-- FRANK J. TAYLOR, Pres., American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc., New York'i N. Y. Chairman, Ship Owners Associations Committee--GEORGE W. MORGAN, Pres., Assn, of American Ship Owners, New York, N. Y. Chairman, Statistics and Contests Committee--CAPT. H. R. ROSENGREN, Dir. of Safety and Cargo Damage Prevention, Moore-McCormack Lines, New York, N. Y. Assistant Chairmen, Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Committee--CARTER KENDALL, Chief Safety Eng., Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa.; HERMAN J. NORD STROM, Safety Eng., Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Va.; I. C. YATES, Dir. of Safety, Alabama Drydock & Shipbuilding Co., Mobile, Ala. Chairman, Engineering and Minimum Standards Committee -CAPT. R. A. SMYTH, USCG, Chief. Merchant Marine Technical Div., U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Special Maritime Advisor (Marine Engineering)--H. L. SEWARD, Professor Emeritus, Yale University, School of Engineering, New Haven, Conn. Special Government Committees for Safety in National Defense Chairman, Safety Policies for Regulations and Ship Inspections--REAR ADM. HALERT C. SHEPHEARD, USCG, Chairman, Merchant Marine Council, and Chief, Office of Merchant Marine Safety, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D C. j Chairman, Safety Committee for Accident Causes and Cost Experience--EDWARD P. HERGES, Safety Supvr., Federal and Maritime Safety Section, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C. Chairman, Naval Committee for Safety in National Defense Organisations -- CAPT HARRY W. BAUMER (CEC), USN, Dir., Safety Div., Office of Ind. Rel.. Navy Dept., Washington, D. C. Chairman, U. S. Navy Yards Safety Committee--LT. COMDR. G. D. McCAULEY, Head, Safety Section, (Code 785), Ind. Rel. Branch, Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept, Washington, D. C. Staff Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. 27 36 Metals Industry; served solely for engineers, rather, we do mean that people engaged in safely work must be aide to analyze, to judge, and to decide. Mr. Ward, will you discuss this matter of analysis ? Mr. Ward: Often, accidents seem to stem from uncontrollable factors, and the appar ent cause is that the accident was due to a hazard inherent to that peculiar job or oc cupation. Now, in safety work, such identification is not sufficient. Since we are interested in the elimination of unsafe acts and unsafe conditions, we must go further. We must seek out the real cause of the accident. This can best be done by the application of logic. We must take what we have learned of the real cause and set up our objective--the correction of the factors which caused the accident. Accident investigation lias no value, whatsoever, if it does not succeed in developing a safer method of doing the job on which the accident occurred. Thus, wc have completed three points in our accident analysis program. We have looked at the apparent cause; we have searched out the real cause; and we have established, and set up our objective. But the full accident analysis, as we see it, is made up of four points. We must estab lish responsibility; not necessarily responsi bility for tbc accident that has already hap pened, but rather, responsibility for tbe correction of tbe conditions that caused the accident. Wc'vc all heard the old proverb, "Something that is everybody's responsibil ity is nobody's responsibility." It never had a letter application than it has in accident prevention. Offleers of the METALS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Oenrral Chairman--HOWARD HOI.I.AND, Supervisor of Safely, The Youngstown Sheet fi Tithe Company, East Chicago, Iml. l irst 1 ice-Lltuirman--II. S. SIMI'SON, Safety Engineer, Caterpillar Tractor Company, Peoria, III. Second l icr-C hairman--.1. .1. NOI.AN, Safety Engineer, Bethlehem Steel Company, Beth lehem, Pa. Secretary A. II. ZEILINGER, Safety Engineer, The Colorado Fuel Si Iron Corpora tion, Pueblo, Colo. News l.etter F.ditor--VJ. H. WILSON, Safety Director, Ambritlge Plant, American Bridge Company, Ambridgc, Pa. News Letter ( o-l ditnr W L M. REDWOOD, Safety Supervisor, Industrial Relations Department, Algoina Steel Corimration, Ltd., Satdl Sic Marie, Ontario, Canada. Con.ru/tiV/ Committee--*R. L. RIDINC.ER (Chairman), Director of Safety & Plant Pro tection, Inland Steel Company, East Chicago, lint.; .1. E. MacKENZIE, Supervisor of Safety, South Works, United Stales Steel Company, Chicago, III.; |. W. TYSSE, Safety Supervisor, C hicago District, Republic Steel Company, Chicago, 111. Contest and Statistics Committee--E. J. l.ANGLAND (Chairman), Safely Director, Great Fakes Steel Corporation, F.corse, Detroit. Mich.; J. P. LEONARD, Personnel and Safety Director, Blaw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. H. SUNDERLAND, Super visor of Labor Analysis, United Stales Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Engineering and Practices Committee--A. G. W111SMAN (Chairman), Supervi Lr of Safety, Gary Steel Works, United States Steel Co., Gary, Iml. Fabricating Industry--GERARD O. GRIFFIN (Chairman). Director of Safety, Dravo Corporation. Neville Island. Pittsburgh, Pa.; F. M. BEAUDOIN, Manager Industrial Relations, United Slates Steel Products Company, Petroleum Iron Works Division, Sharon, Pa.; K. W. ENGERER, Management's Representative, Pittsburgh District, Rethlehcm Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; II. PAI.MINI, Safety Engineer, J. 1. Case Company. Rockford Works, Rockford. III.; WALTER E. WILLIAMS, Safely Engi neer, Butler Mamifarittriug Company, Galesburg, III.; P. L. WISE, Supervisor Per sonnel ft Safely, Blaw-Knox Division, Blaw-Knox Company, Blawnox, Pa. Foundry Industry--J. D. 1IOLTZAPPLE (Chairman), Personnel Supervisor, Continental Foundry & Maehine Company. East Chicago, Iml.; *1). A. FARRELL (Advisory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety, United States Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *1RVIN A. BRINKMAN, Director of Employment, Safety and Welfare, Mackintosh-Hemphill Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; GEORGE MILLIGAN, Safety Director. MinneapolisMoline Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; SHERMAN RICHARDSON, Assistant Personnel Manager, American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; A. G. STARRETT, Personnel Director, The Buckeye Steel Castings Company, Co lumbus, Ohio; C. }. VAN DAMN, Safety Director, Campbell, Wyant & Cannon 37 Foundry Company, Muskegon, Midi.; E J. WALLMAN, District Supervisor of Safety, American Brake Shoe Go , C'lnra^o, Ml. Metallic ( ntifint; Industry- BONNIE TRP'NT (Chairman), I'lant Safety Committee, American Hot Dip CInlvani7ers Association, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; %C. M. ALLEN (Advisory ( liairman), Staff Supervisor of Safety, Armco Steel Corporation, Middletown, Ohio; T. C. CARRICO, Director, Welfare and Safety, Wheeling Steel Corpo ration. Wheeling, W Va. Non-ferrous Metals Industries M L. ABEL (Chairman), Executive Vice-President, Magnesiim? Company of America, Fast Chicago, Ind.; *H. G. HENSEL (Advisory Chair man), Safety Director, The Youngstown Sheet ft Tul>e Company, Chicago, III.; WII.MAM GILLTAN1), Assistant Safety Director, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa ; C. L MrCOY, Director of Personnel, Chase Brass ft Copjier Company, Cleveland. Ohio; I, K. NICHOLS, Director of Safety, Reynolds Metals Company. Reynolds MetaU Ituilding, Rielmiond, Va ; C. L. RfENZO, Supervisor of Workmen's Compensation. Revere Cop|>er and Brass fnc., Rome, N. Y.; WILLIAM S. VfSOKAY. Superintendent of Safety. Bridgeiiort Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn. Steel Industry \Y E. BARKER (Chairman), Safety Supervisor, Fast Works Plant. Armro Steel Corp., Middletown, Ohio; G. J. EIGENBROD, Safety Supervisor. Republic Steel Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; STANLEY W. HALF, Supervisor. Em ployee Services Section, Steel Division, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.; W. T. MrLEAN, Supervisor of Safety, United States Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio; E. D. MORGAN. Superintendent of Plant Protection ft Safely, Bethlehem Plant. Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa.; W. D WILLIAMS, Assistant Snpervisor of Safety. The Youngstown Sheet ft- Tube Company, East Chicago, Ind. Steel ti'nrrhousinfj Industry---JOHN C. CUSHING (Chairman), Director of Industrial Relations, United States Steel Supply Company, Chicago, III.; *F. W. KELSEY (Ad visory Chairman). Supervisor of Safety & Welfare, Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corpora tion, Jones ft Laughlin Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.; M. A. KING, Supervisor of Safety. J. T. Rverson Company, Chicago, III.; JOHN E .SPANN, Engineer, Chicago Ware house. Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corporation, Chicago' III; WALTER STONER, Super intendent Industrial Relations, Tmscon Division, Republic Steel Corp, Youngstown, Ohio. IFire Manufacturing Industry---If. E. FRAYER (Chairman), Safety Director, L. A. Young Spring ft Wire Corp., Detroit, Mich.; *J. F. COLLINS, Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet ft Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio; PETER CONTARDO, Safety Director, John A. Roebling's Sons Company, Trenton, N. J. Health Committee "DR. RICHARD J. BENNETT (Chairman), Chief Surgeon, United States Steel Company, Chicago, III; DR. E. H. CARLETON, Medical Director, Inland j Steel Company. Indiana Harbor Works, l*>st Giicago, Ind.; DR. A. M. EDWARDS, j Medical Director, American Steel ft Wire Company, Cleveland, Ohio; DR. S. A- j NORRIS, Chief Surgeon, Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1 JMemStbeeerlshCiporpC.,omClmevitetelaen--d,WO. hMio;. RN.EILLSOBNUM(GCAhRaiDrmNaEnR),, MMaannaaggeerr, oSfafSetayfeatyn,d KCeapsuuMalftcy I Bureau, Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, Birmingham, Ala.; R. M. DAVI& J General Supervisor of Safety, Homestead Works, United States Steel Co., J Pa.; J. A. DOWNEY, JR., Director, Personnel ft Safety, Sloss-Sheffield Steel ft ^*^9 Company, Birmingham, Ala.; A. L. LOTT, Manager of Industrial Relations, The Sudj Company of Canada, Ltd., General Offices, Hamilton, Canada. C. J. VANDEVENTO^jg Program Committee--E. H. HOUCK (Chairman), Superintendent of Safety and Welfare, Aliquippa Works, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Aliquippa, I'a.; C. L. BRADSHAW, Safety Director, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, I'a.; G. F. GRACF., Assistant to General Sales Manager, Industrial Chain Division, Columhus McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y.; EARLE M. LAYMAN, Director of Personnel, General Steel Castings Corp., Eddystone, Pa.; I. N. MAHAN, Supervisor of Safety and Insurance, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind.; EDWARD MARTIN, Director of Safety, Oliver Iron and Steel Corp.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; ALLEN M. MORGAN, Manager, Industrial Relations Department, Haynes Stellite, Kokomo, Ind.; RUSSELL I. PISLK, Superintendent, Industrial Relations, Chicago District, Republic Steel Corp., Chicago, 111.; T. R. SMITH, Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corp., Youngstown, Ohio. Trade /tssocialum Liaison Committee--EDWARD C. MET7.HL (Chairman), Assistant Supervisor of Safety, United States Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; P. I. BOWEN, Assist ant Safety Engineer, Great Lakes Corp., Ecorse, Detroit, Mich.; -PAUL F,, GRUNDMAN, Safely Engineer, Rustless Iron and Steel Division, Armco Steel Corp., Balti more, Mil.; J. F. JULI, Safety Director, Consolidated Western Steel Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.; W. W. BRANT, Supervisor of Safety, Johnstown Plant, Bethlehem Steel Company, Johnstown, Pa.; G. A. RILEY, Supervisor of Safety, American Brake Shoe Company, New York, N. Y.; J. R. VAN SYCKLE, Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; R. M. WALSH, Assistant Director, Safety and Plant Service, Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, Ind. Visual Education and Poster Committee--ROBERT S. B. HOLMES (Chairman), Director of Training and Safety, National Tube Company, Pittsburgh, I'a.; A. E. ASEL, Safety Supervisor, Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo.; H. J. JONES, Manager, Industrial Relations, The Colorado Fuel ft Iron Corp., Buffalo, N. Y.; PAUL LUNDQU1ST, Safety Director, Acme Steel Company, Riverdale, III.; D. D. MATEER, Supervisor, Safety and Welfare Department, Pittsburgh Works, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; ARTHUR D. MURPHY, Director of Safety and Suggestion Plan, Crucible Steel Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; KENNETH I. WARD, Assistant to Supervisor of Safely, The Youngstown Sheet ft Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Rembers-at-Large--*E. K. BLANK, Assistant to Vice-President, Employee and Publij: Relations, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; GROVER C. BROWN, Secretary, Industrial Relations Committee, American Iron and Steel Institute, New York, N. Y.; *R. A. CHAFFIN, Vice-President, Industrial Relations, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind.; *R. IL FERGUSON, Assistant Director of Industrial Rela tions, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; *G. T. FONDA, Assistant to President, Weirton Steel Company, Wcirton, W. Va.; *E. 11. FYLER, Superintendent, Industrial Relations, United States Steel Co., Gary Steel Works, Gary, Ind.; *H. J. GRIFFITH, , Assistant to Manager of Coal Mines, Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corp., Vesta-Shannopin I Coal Division, California, I'a.; *F. A. LAUERMAN, Director of Industrial Relations, I Republic Steel Corp., Youngstown, Ohio; *J. A. OARTKL, Pittsburgh, l'a.; *R .L. j SCHMITT, Louisville, Ky.; *11. J. SPOERER, Director of Industrial Relations, The Youngstown Sheet ft Tulie Company, Youngstown, Ohio. W Representative- WM. N. DAVIS. Senior Engineer, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. j^**l General Chairman. Safely Director. Atlantic Steel Company, Atlanta, Ga. 38 39 Officers of the MINING SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Gtneral Chairman--CLIFFORD GIBSON, Mines Accident Prevention Assn, of Ontario, Timmins, Ontario, Canada, First Vice-Chairman--A. J, STROMQUIST, Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co., Ishpeining, Mich. Second Vice-Chairman--). O. MARSHALL, St. Joseph Lead Co., Halmat, N. Y. Third Vice-Chaimtan--OSCAR A. GLAESER, U. S. Smelting, Refining ami Mining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. Secretary & News Letter Editor--D. O. KENNEDY, Safety and Health Branch, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Entertainment Committee--). T. RYAN, JR. (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. F-ngineering Committee--GEORGE GEDGE (Chairman), Calumet and Hecla Consoli dated Copper Co., Calumet, Mich.; RALPH CLELAND, International Nickel Co., Cooper Cliff, Ontario, Canada; F. R. RIRCHFIF.LD, Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R. Com pany, Rirminghant, Ala.; C. E. SHEA, Oliver Iron Mining Company, Hibbing, Minn.; H. U. HUTCHENS, Eagle Richer Mining & Smelling Co., Cardin, Okla.; RAY MOND R. KNILL, Potash Company ol America, Carlsbad, New Mexico; JOHN B. BIKER, Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., of Canada, Trail, Rritish Columbia, Safety Promotion Committee--R. F. WILSON (Chairman), Oliver Iron Mining Co., Duluth, Minn.; P. D. McMURRER, Mining Congress Journal, Washington, D. C.; F.VAN JUST, Engineering St Mining Journal, New York, N. Y.; JOHN DORSCH, Mining World, San Francisco, Cal.; II. R. RICE, Canadian Mining Journal, Gardenvale, Quebec, Canada. Hygiene and Ventilation Committee--R. EMMETT DOHERTY (Chairman), Anthracite Institute, Wilkes-Barre. Ta.; E. A. ANUNDSEN, Pickands Mather & Company, Duluth, Minn.; C. WESLEY POTTER, Homestake Mining Co., Lead, So. Dak. Members-at-Large--`GEORGE GERRY, Pickands Mather & Co., Ironwood, Mich.; WALTER E. MONTGOMERY, Quebec Asbestos Mining Assn., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; *JAMF.S K. RICHARDSON, Kcnnecott Copper Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; JOHN L. BOARDMAN, Anaconda Copper Mining Co,, Butte, Mont.; *C. M. FELLMAN, The Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, Wis.; A. W. NESS, American Smelting & Refining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; *P. M. ARTHUR, American Zinc Co. of Tennessee, Mascott, Tenn.; `ANGUS D. CAMPBELL, McIntyre Porcupine Mines, Ltd., Schumacher, Ont., Canada; *W. H. COM I NS, Raroid Sales Div., National Lead Co., Texarkana, Texas; *R. DAWSON HALL, Coal Age, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; S. E. SHARP, Tennessee Copper Co., Copperhill, Tenn.; R. F. A. THEW, Steep Rock Iron Mines, Ltd., Steep Rock Lake, Ontario, Canada; D. D. MOFFAT, Utah Copper Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; R. II. SKIP, The New Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin, N. J.; `JOHN TREWF.EK, Homestake Mining Co., Lead, S. D.; HOWARD I. YOUNG, American Zinc, Lead & Smelting Co., St. Louis, Mo. iff Representative--G. G. GRIEVE, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Ifast General Chairman Canada. Membership Committee--J. T. WILLIAMS (Chairman), Bunker Mill Si Sullivan Mining St Concentration Co., Kellogg, Idaho; M. R. McPHERSON, Kerr-Addison Gold Mines, Ltd., Virginiatown, Ontario, Canada; C. R. NEIL, Bethlehem Cornwall Corp., Corn wall, Pa.; E. RUNEHJELM, Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company, Flin Finn, Manitoba, Canada. Frogram Committee--S. H. ASH (Chairman), Safety St Health Branch, U. S. Bure* of Mines, Washington, D. C.; W. O. TOWER, Chief Inspector of Mines, Parliame* Buildings, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; C. M. ELLEDGE, Reynolds Mining Corp, Alexander, Ark. Poster and Visual Aids Committee--L. F. BISHOP (Chairman), Anaconda Copper ing Co., Butte, Mont.; R. E. HARMON, Phelps Dodge Corp., New Cornelia BraaAl Ajo, Ariz.; G. W. KNUDSEN, Utah Copper Company, Bingham, Utah; GEORQR W. STREEPEY. Alcoa Mining Co.. New York, N. Y.; M. C. M. POLLARJ National Gypsum Co., Buffalo, N. Y.; LAMAR WEAVER, Tennessee Copper I Copperhill, Tenn.; A. H. ZEILINGER, Colorado Fuel Sit Iron Co., Pueblo, Colo- Statistics Committee--FOREST T. MOYER (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines, dent Analyses Div., Washington, D. C. 82 M Officers of thv PETROLEUM SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Central Chairman--C. I). ATTAWAY, Arkansas Fuel Oil Co., Shreveport, I.a. Vice-General Chairman--WALTER BOON, Sun Oil Co, Marcus Hook, I'a. Secretary-F. G. WILSON, American I'elrolcum Institute, New York, N. Y. Chairman Emeritus ROY S. HONS IB, Scarxdale, N. Y Vice l hairman far Production I II. Mi.K ENZIE, General Petroleum < orp, l.os An geles, Calif. Vice-Chairman far Marketing-ALEXIS DE TAKNOWSKY, The I'ure Oil Co., Chi cago, III. Vice-Chairman far Pipe Lines E. W. BERGQUIST, Interstate Oil I'ipelinc Co., Shreve|H>rt, I.a. Vice-Chairman far Exploration and Cbillnu! \V W. DUNCAN, Loflland Bros Co., Tulsa, Okla Vice-Chairman far Manufaclnrini/ I H I >rl.Al'NF, Cities Service Corp., Tutwiler Re finery, Lake Charles, I.a Chairman Atlantic Division A E BACCINI, The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Chairman Gulf Coast Division--R. L. CARRUTHKRS, Shell Pipe Line Corp., Houston, Tex. Chairman Great Lakes Division-- W. W. WHITLOCK, Illinois Farm Supply Co., Chi cago, III. Chairman Mid-Continent Pivisum--FRF.l) CLAIBORNE, Stanolind Oil & Gas Co., Tulsa, Okla. Chairman Pacific Coast Division K. M. McCRACKF.N, Shell Oil Co., Los Angeles. Calif. ( hairman Research Committee- W. O. WILSON, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chicago, III. (hairman Eni/ineerinii Committer I'ARKFR FOLSF, Magnolia Petroleum Co., Beau mont, Tex. Visual Aids Committee-- .1. R. MORRISON (Chairman), Shell Oil Co., New York. N. Y.; LF.WIS A. MARTIN (Co-Chairman), Oklahoma ASM College, Stillwater, Okla. Chairman Health Committee DR. I!. B. KF.FVF., Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chicago III. 46 (hairman Off-the-Job Safety (ommittee < I. IIIGIITOWKR, United Gas Pipe Line Cn.. Shreveport, La. ( hairman Contest and Statistical Committee I 11 CAMF.RON, The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. News Letter Editor--A. R. BOWI.KS, The Texas Co., New York, N. Y. Assistant News Letter Editor F.I.L1S K. LOCHF.R, Ktliyl Corp, New York, N. Y. Past General Chairmen--W. O. WIT-SON, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana); D. M. FAR- REL, Shell Pipe Line Corp.; I). A. KLFMMF, Stanolind Oil t Gas Co.; W. I. KENT, Magnolia Petroleum Co.; J. HOWARD MYERS, The Atlantic Refining Co.; JOHN C. ASKAM, The Ohio Oil Co.; I. L. RISINGER, Socony-Vacuinn Oil Co., Inc.; H. T. MARKF.E, Phillips Petroleum Co.; F. R. McLF.AN, White Star Div., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc.; C. A. MILLER, The Texas Co.; .1. H. BROWN, Tide Water Associated Oil Co.; 11. W. HOGGESS, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.; A. W. BREELAND, Lone Star Gas Co.; R. B ROAPF.R, Humble Oil St Refining Co.; GERALD O. LOCKWOOD, Continental Casualty Co.; R. W. BLACK, Esso Standard Oil Co.; C. I., HIGHTOWER, United Gas Pipe Line Co.; R. E. DONOVAN, Standard Oil Co. (Cal); CLYDE W. SMITH (Retired); GEORGE F. PRUSSING. Consultant; V. R. CURRIE, The Texas Co.; E. J. SF.NNE (Retired); D. J. WAL LACE, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.; ROY S. llONSIB (Retired). Staff Representative--ROY G. BENSON, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. 17 Offiw>rs of thv POWER PRESS AND FORGING SECTION Chicago, 111.; T. C. WIF.BERS, Health and Safely Supervisor, American Can Com pany, Central Division, C hicago, III ; RAY WINTER, Director of Safety, General Electric X-Ray Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. Advisers to Education and Training Committee---`HERSCHEL L. SMITH, Safety Engi neer, General F'lectric Company, Fort Wayne, Ind.; 'GEORGE' H. BERRY, Safety Supervisor, Panel Dial Shops, Western Eleetrie Company, Chicago, III. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Statistical Committee--C. B. CANNON (Chairman), Dept, of Labor, State of Illinois, Chicago, 111.; MACK R. KRANTZ, Safely Director, Slewart-Wariier Cor|xiralion, Chicago, 111. Central Chairman W. I.. HANAU, Assistant Superintendent, Engineering Department, Adviser to Statistical Committee---*ljF.F)RCiF. W. GKF'.ENWOOI), Chief, Defense Co Tlie Fidelity & Casualty Company of New York, Chicago. I ordination, Hawthorne Works, Western Hlrcliic Company, Chicago, III. Vice-Chairman--HARRY I- COIN, Safety Director, Fisher Body Division, General Motors Membership Committer--GEORGE O. McLF.I.ANI) (Chairman), T. II. Mast in Com Corporation, I'online I'lanl, I'online, Mich. Secretary- JAMES McCLIMANS, Safety Supervisor, Westinghouse F.lectric Corporation, Sha ron, I 'a. Program Chairman--GF.O. DFWF.Y RFF-D, Safety F.ngineer, l.ansing Employers* Underwriters, f.ansing, Mich. engineering and Technical Publications Committee- NORMAN DUNLAP (Chairman). Minster Machine Company, Minster, Ohio; PAUL ANSTF.DT, Works Manager, Northern Metal Products Co., Chicago, III.; WM. If. RERRY, Superintendent Forge Division, International Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, III.; PERRY nOLIN, Director of Foreman Training Ik Safely, The Oliver Corp., Springfield, Ohio: CHARLES D. URAINERD, Olds Forge Plant, Oldsmobile Division, General Motors Corporation, Lansing, Mich,; MATTHEW A. CAVANAUGH, Maintenance Engineer, The Rudd Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; MAGNUS CERSZEWSKI, Safety Engineer. Nash Motors--Plant 6, Milwaukee, Wis.; L. A. F AULKNER, Supervisor of Plan* Service, Loss Prevention Department, Lilierty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass.; EDWARD A. HHSSMF.R, Safely Director, Oliver Corporation, Battle Creek, Mich.: JOHN PRATI, General Foreman, Tractor Works, International Harvester Company, Chicago, III.; GEORGE I. F. THERIAULT, Supervisor Maintenance Plant 3, Frigidaire Division, General Motors Corporation, Dayton, Ohio; W. A pany, Chicago, III.; LEONARD COLIC, Safety linginecr, Crane Company, Chicago, III.; FRANK W. F1SKE, Safely Director, The Brewer Titchener Corporation, Cort land, N. Y. Adviser to Membership Committee -*STEVVART T. COOPER, Safety Director, Whirl pool Corporation, St. Joseph, Mich.; 'ARTHUR R. GRAHAM, Supervising Safety Engineer, Chicago District Bituminous Casualty Corporation, Chicago, III. iff Representative--ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. 'fut General Chairman VOLLMF.R, Engineering Department, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company* Milwaukee, Wis.; LOUIS M. ZALE, Safety Director, Ceco Steel Company, Cicero; HI Advisers to Engineering and Technical Publications Committee--*H. CLARK WOOD WARD, Director of Safety, A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis.; *E. J. WALle MAN, District Safety Supervisor, American Brake Shoe Comi>any, Chicago, 111. Education and Trainintf Committee--JOHN M. JENSEN (Chairman), Safely Suy*e*J visor, Health and Safety Department, Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company. W-| waukee, Wis.; News Letter Editor: T. A. KRAKLOW, Safety Director, and Company, East Moline, III.; HAROLD V. ALLEN, Safety Director, type Corporation, Chicago, III.; ROY AUGUSTSON, Personnel and Safety Dir Great Lakes Plant, American Forge Division, American Brake Shoe Company, Chi III.; G. H. DUGGER, Director, Safety & Fire Protection Division, U. S. At Energy Commission, Santa F'e Operations Office, Albuquerque, N. M.; ARTHUR^ HANSF.N, M.D., Medical Dept., A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis.;L.l KEMP, Director of Safety, Guide Lamp Division, General Motors Corporation, i derson. Ind.; HAROLD F. LILLIE, Director, Lansing Safety Council, Lansing, Ml VfRGIL J. MEYERS, Safety Director, Hawthorne Works, Western Electric Coi 26 27 32 Pulp and Paper Industry during (lie day shift who follows up all first aid cases. R. Nicf.i.y : How large an area is a nurse supposed to cover? W. A. Koski : In large plants there are several first aid stations with a nurse in A. S. Keen: The availability of first aid facilities plays an important part in the number of cases reported. T. J. Rfed: Are we reporting our acci dents to the National Safety Council? If so, do we have any hazards in common ? Can we exchange information on accidents? charge of each station. G. E. Allen: We have an accident analy M. F. Mattson : In case of a serious sis report that we would be glad to send to accident the nurse is taken to the injured the different companies. by ambulance. T. J. Reed : In some locations we have T. J. Ref.o : I believe we should all at wet smooth concrete floors. What can be tempt to sell management on the need for done to eliminate the slipping hazard? nurses in the plant. Also, at the present time, unions are asking for nurse service. One case of serious infection would pay for a nurse for a long period of time. R. Nicely: We have etched our smooth concrete floors wherever we have a wet condition. B. J. Lee: There are several anti-slip B. J. Lf.e: I believe that by taking minor paints on the market which will considerably first aid cases out of the bands of the first aid men we would be detracting from the safety program. reduce this slipping hazard. W. A. Koski : We have many injuries resulting from hooks slipping out of the W. A. Koski : We believe that the men pulpwood in the wood yard during the win have more faith in a nurse than in a first aid ter months. man, therefore a confident person is a more R. J. Lf.e: We use a different point on efficient worker. F. A. Schulze (Ruberiod Company, Joliet, III.) : Nurses are definitely needed in plants because many rases are sent to doc tors outside of the plant when a nurse the hooks during the winter months and have considerably reduced our accidents while handling pulpwood. We will be glad to show you the hook point that we use. II. B. DonsoN: Let us conclude the dis could handle them just as well in the plant, cussion and arrive at some conclusion about and thus save a great deal of lost produc the exchange of accident information. tion and also reduce the cost of medical T. J. Reeo: How about sending each treatment. other reports on unusual accidents? H. B. Dobson (Celotex Corporation, Chi H. B. Dobson: Wouldn't it be desirable cago, III.): It is evident from the discussion for us, when we get bark to our plants, to that there are two types of first aid services write down our common problems and send predominant in our plants: 1. First aid men them to some central point where a form and cabinets located throughout the plant; could be drawn up that would give us the and 2. A detailed medical service including doctors and nurses. These two types of serv ices can not be available in the same plant l>ecause doctors will not take the responsi bility for novices administering first aid. F. A. Sciiui.ze: Do more infections oc cur in plants where there arc first aid men or where there are nurses? R. W. Croucher (Minnesota & Ontario Paper Company, International Falls, Minn.) : We have both tyj>es of service in our com pany and we do not find any difference in the number of infection cases. information we desire. It was agreed that memliers of the insulat ing manufacturing group would submit de scriptions of all accidents, causing disability injuries, to the committee chairman for gen eral distribution to the membership. If ad ditional information was desired in regard to any of the reports, members themselves would contact the safety director who sub mitted the report. It was agreed that the chairman would send each member of the committee a mailing list for the entire in sulation manufacturing group. Officers of the PULP AND PAPER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--II. B. GOODRICH, Maintenance ft Safety Engineer, Strathmore I'aper Company, West Springfield, Mass. Vice-Chairman & Program Chairman--A. K. MINOR, Safely Sii|>ervisor, The OntarioMinnesola 1'ulp and I'aper Company, Ltd., Kenora, Ontario, Can. News Letter F.ditar--ARTHUR CARLE, Safety Director, The Northwest Paper Com pany, Clcxpiet, Minn. Secretary & Membership Chairman-- DALLAS E. HENRY, Safely Coordinator, Southern Advance Bag and l'a|)er Company, Dodge, La. Regional Membership Representatives- 11. P. 1IUEHNF.R (East), Insurance Manager, The Flinlkote Company, New York, N. Y.; C. C. MacPIKE (South), Safety Di rector, St. Regis Paper Company, Pensacola, Fla.; E. V. JOHNSON (Great Lakes), Safety Supervisor, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Nceiiah, Wis.; ERNEST DUTCHER (West), Safely Engineer, Pioneer Division, The Flinlkote Company, Los Angeles, Calif.; *DOUGLAS B. CHANT (Canada), Secretary-Engineer, The Ontario Pulp It Paper Makers' Safely Association, Toronto, Ontario, Can. Medical Advisor--DR. JAMES D. STARK, Medical Director, llammermill Paper Com pany, Erie, Pa. Yfufislica/ Committee--GORDON LEMKE (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Employers' Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Wausau, Wis.; *R. W. CROUCHER, Safety Officer, Minnesota & Ontario Paper Company, International Falls, Minn.; LAMBERT LOUY, Safety Director, Container Corporation of America, Chicago, 111.; GEORGE MERRIMAN, Co-ordinator of Personnel, International Paper Company, Mobile, ^la.; W. H. McLAUGHLIN, Director of Safety and Sanitation, Lily-Tulip Cup Corpora tion, College Point, L. I., N. Y. Contest Committee--A. SCOTT DOWD (Chairman), President, Fritz Publications, Inc., Chicago, III.; *J. FRED BERRY, Personnel Manager, Alton Box Board Company, Alton, III.; W. R. CAHILL, Director, Personnel Administration Department, NekoosaEdwards Paper Company, Port Edwards, Wis. Pulpwood Logging Division--FRED T. MORR1SH (Division Chairman), Safety Super visor, The Ontario-Minnesota l'ulp & Paper Company, Ltd., Fort Frances, Ontario, Can. Publications Committee--SETH JACKSON (Chairman), Safety Officer, U. S. Forest Service, Washington, D. C.; LELAND W. HOOKER, Timber Technologist, Forest Products Research Division, Michigan College of Mining & Technology, Houghton, Mich.; JOHN E. SC1IUELEK, Executive Secretary, Forest Products Safety Council of Michigan and Wisconsin, Rhinelander, Wis.; JOHN MADER, Safety Engineer, Employers' Mutual Liability Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Ironwood, Mich. Puual Aids Committee--HARRY H. JEFFERSON (Chairman), Training Officer, Amer ican Pulpwood Association, New York, N. Y.; JOHN CURIE, Safety Office, Great 33 Lakes Paper Company, Ft. William, Ontario, Canada; I. C. RODCiF.RSON, Safety Director, Brown Company, Merlin, N H. Pulp Manufacturing Division--JULIUS A. DRAPER (Division Chairman), Director of Safety, Consolidated I'aper Corporation, Ltd., Grand'Mere, I\Q, Can.. Publications Committee--l). V. HILL (Chairman), Safety Director, The Mead Corpora tion, Kingsport, Trim.; R. CHAPMAN, Chairman, Mill Accident Prevention Com mittee, Howard Smith Paper Mills, Ltd., Cornwall, Ontario, Can.; A. S. COOK, Manager, Quebec Pulp Sc Paper Safety Association, Quebec, P.Q., Can.; F. O. SOUGHTON, Service and Safely Supervisor, Iamgl.ac Pulp and Pa|ier Company, Ltd., Ter race May, Ontario, Canada. I'isiud Aids Committee--MARION L. HODGF.S (Chairman), Safety Director, West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, North Charleston, South Carolina; (iEORGF. S. NELSON, Claims Sc Safety Manager, Consolidated Water Power Si Paper Company, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.; E, J. MARQUARDT, Safety Director, National Container Corporation, Tomahawk, Wis.; GEORGE PEARCE, Safety Officer, Malhurst Power Sc Paper Company, Ltd., Bathurst, New Brunswick, Can.; CYRIL D. McCAN, As sistant Safety Engineer, Crussett Paper Mills, Crossett, Ark. Paper Manufacturing Division--E. B. LAMBTON (Division Chairman), Safety Engi neer, St. Regis Pa|>er C ompany, New York, N. Y. Publications Commitlce- FRANC IS H. WAGNER (Chairman), Director of Safety, The Mead Corporation, Chillicolhe, Ohio; ROBERT K. MEREDITH, Safety Director, West Virginia Pulp and Pai>er Company, Tyrone, Pa.; L. J. CRICHTON, Safety Director, Camp Manufacturing Company, Franklin, Va.; OTTO SHERMAN, Safety Supervisor, Mill Division, Gaylord Container Corporation, Bogalusa, La.; C. R. JOHN STON, Personnel Director, Cornell Paperboard Products Company, Cornell, Wis. I'isual Aids Committee--JAMES N. CONAWAY (Chairman), Safety Director, Scott Paper Company, Chester, Pa.; HOWARD H. DYKE, Safety and Personnel, Inter national Paper Company, Glens Falls, N. Y.; ROBERT J. GELL, Staff Assistant, Paper Mill, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y.; G. RUSSELL LEONHARD, Director of Safety, Peterson Parchment Paper Company, Bristol, Pa. Paper Converting Division--ROBERT W. GRAY (Division Chairman), Safety Di rector, Union Bag and Paper Corporation, Savannah, Ga. Bat) Manufacturing Committee--R. G. BELKNAP (Chairman), Safety Inspector, Beniis Brothers Bag Company, St, Louis, Mo.; MARTIN MANEY, Dir. of Training, St. Regis Paper Company, Pensacola, Fla. Box Manufacturing Committee--A. O. VRANEK (Chairman), Safety Director, Con tainer Corporation of America, Chicago, 111.; G. J. BIENVENU, General Superin tendent, Container Division, Gaylord Container Cor|>oraiion, Bogalusa, l.a. Hoofing Manufacturing Committee--HUGH JACKSON (Chairman), Manager of Safety and Training, The Johns-Manville Corporation, New York, N. Y.; PAUL B. McINERNEY, Insurance and Safety Manager, Lloyd A. Fry Roofing Company, Sum mit, III.; FREDERICK A. SCHULZE, Director of Industrial Relations, The Ruberoid Company, Joliet, III.; CARL L. EDD1NS, Assistant Insurance Manager, The Flintkote Company, New York, N. Y. Insulation Manufacturing Committee--GORDON ALLEN (Chairman), Personnel Mme ager, Wood Conversion Company, Cloquet, Minn.; W. E. BLACKLEDGE, Safety Supervisor, Masonite Corporation, Laurel, Miss.; AMOS S. KEEN, Safety Director, Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pa. 34 Specialties Manufacturing Committee VINCENT P. COULON (Chairman), Safety Director, The Sealright Company, Inc., Fulton, N. Y,; A. J. HOMBLETTF., Safety Supervisor, Kimberly-Clark Cor|>oratimi, Neenah, Wis.; W. L. LAUF.R, Safety Chairman, Dixie Cup Company, Easton, Pa. Past General Chairmen--GEORGE J. ADAMS (1936-38), International Paper Company, Glens Falls, N.' Y.; ROBERT M. ALTMAN (1919-20), Marathon Corporation, Rothschild, Wis.; J. FRF.!) BERRY (1043-44), Alton Box Board Company, Alton, III,; CLAYTON O. BRAATZ (1941-42), L. Hamburger Sc Company, Newark, N. J.; D. B. CHANT (1939-41), Ontario Pulp Si Paper Makers Safety Association, Toronto, Ontario, Can ; R. W. CROUCHER (1948-49), Minnesota & Ontario Paper Com pany, International Falls, Minn.; C. L. R, DOUGHERTY (1950-51), Assistant Man ager, Industrial Relations, Union Bag & Pn|>er Corporation, Savannah, Ga.; KEN NETH L. FAIST (1928-29), The Champion Paper A Fibre Company, Hamilton, Ohio; WALTER A. GLEASON (1921-22), Hammermill Paper Company, Erie, Pa.; E. E. GRANT (1935-36), The Crystal Tissue Company, Middletown, Ohio; GEORGE W. HARPER (1949-50), University of Illinois, Urhana, III.; H. P. HEUBNER (1947-48), The Flintkote Company, New York, N. Y.; M. G. HOYMAN (1924-25), Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wis.; E. A. PAGE (1946-47), Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wis.; G. W. PHILLIPS (1923-24), The Champion Paper Si Fibre Company, Canton, N. C.; J. J. PLZAK (1931-33), Consolidated Water Power & Paper Company, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.; SAMUEL PRUYN (1929-30), Finch, Pruyn St Company, Inc, Glens Falls, N. Y.; ROLAND W. RICHARDSON (1942-43), The Gardner Board and Carton Company, Locktand, Ohio; S. F. SHATTUCK 1915-16); L. R. SIMPSON (1944-46); GEORGE E. WILLIAMSON (1916-18, 1920-21), Strathmore Paper Company, West Springfield, Mass. Staff Representative--HAROLD R. ALLEY, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Past General Chairman 35 Officers of the RAILROAD SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Central Chairman- L. E. HOFFMAN, St. Louis Southwestern Railway Lines, Tyler, Tex. Cice-Chairman- R. C. SARF.NS, The New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Com pany. Cleveland, Ohio Secretary and News Letter I'.ditor-U. S. JAMES, Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, Denver, Colo. Association Liaison Committer--*A. V. ROHWEDER (Chairman), Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway Company, Duluth, Minn.; *D. E. MUMFORD (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; C. M. KIMBALL, Southern Railway System, Washington, D C. Contest Committer--*C. L. LaFOUNTAINF. (Chairman), The Great Northern Railway Company, St. Raul, Minn.; *G. W. ELSTF. (Vice-Chairman), The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, Md.; C. M. KIM BALI., Southern Railway Sys tem, Washington, D. C.; F. R CALLAHAN, The Pullman Company, Chicago, 111.; D. W NAFF, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Roanoke, Va. /i/m and Sound Committee--R. I. GREENFIELD (Chairman), The Canadian Pacific Railway, Montreal, Qucliec; F,, 11. BLEWER (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N Y.; R. S. JAMES, Denver ami Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, Denver, Colo.; M. A. NUGENT The Southern Pacific Company, San Fran cisco, Cal.; E, J. FLAHERTY, Lehigh Valley Railroad, New York, N. Y.; J. E. SLAVF.N. Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, Chicago, III. Highway-Railway Crossing Committee--C. M. KIMBALL (Chairman) Southern Rail way System, Washington, D. C.; *G. W. EI.STF. (Vice-Chairman), The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, Md.; C. T. DeWITT, Northern Pacific Rail way Company, St. Paul, Minn.; E. L. DUGGAN, The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, Chicago, 111.; *R. 1'. HAMILTON, St. I.ouis-San Francisco Rail way Company, St. Louis, Mo.; I). E. MUMFORD, New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; J. E. SLAVF.N, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, Chicago, III.! J. P. WADSWORTH, Canadian National Railways, Montreal, Quebec; J. T. WIL LIAMS, The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. Health Committee--C. H. O'DONNEL, M.D. (Chairman), New York Central System Detroit, Mich. Membership Committee--*\V. II. ROBERTS (Chairman), Chicago and North Wester* Railway System Chicago, III.; L. H. 1MCKRYI. (Vice-Chairman), The River Ter minal Railway Company, Cleveland, Ohio; L. J. RENSON, The Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, 111.; FRANK L. WINEGAR, Tl* Chicago, South Shore and South Bend Railroad Company, Michigan City, Ind.; F. CALLAHAN, The Pullman Company Chicago, III.; D. P. BROWDER, Richtm*4 Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad Company, Richmond, Va.; W. C. LARAWAY, The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation, Albany, N. Y. ' Nominations and elections Committee--*J. R. THEXTON (Chairman), The DeU' Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, Hoboken, N. J.; *D. E. MUMP (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; 'ROBERT SO Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, Wilmington, N. C.; *W. H. ROBERTS, Chica* Nortli Western Railway System, Chicago, III.; *R. P. HAMILTON, St. Lom Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. 38 Program Committee--*^. R. TIU'.XTON (Chniim.'ui), 'Hie Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company' Hoboken, N. J.; I.. C. I1AHNEY (Vice-Chairman), Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company, Joliet, III.; F. R. CALLAHAN, The Pullman Company, Chicago, III.; *J. R. TENNEY, The Western Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, Md.; F. B. LEWIS, Union Pacific Railroad Company, Omaha, Neb.; E. E. SEYFARTII, Belt Railway-Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, Chi cago, 111.; *W. H. ROBERTS, Chicago and North Western Railway System, Chicago, III.; *R. P. HAMILTON, St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. Poster Committee--M. A. NUGENT (Chairman), The Southern Pacific Company, San Francisco, Cal.; R. S. JAMES (Vice-Chairman), Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, Denver, Colo.; G. R. HUNTOON, Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, 111.; L. B. HARPER, Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago, III.; O. R. DIAMOND, Kansas City Southern Railway Company, Shreve port, La.; B. A. McDONALD, Missouri-Pacific-Texas Lines, Dallas, Tex. Safe Practices Pamphlets Committee--J. P. WADSWORTH (Chairman), Canadian Na tional Railways, Montreal Quebec; G M. DEMPSEY (Vice-Chairman V Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, 111. ; A. E. DUNCAN, The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.; C. D. BLUE, Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company, Danville, 111.; W. G. LANDRAM, Wabash Railroad Company, St. Louis, Mo. Safety Devices Committee--E. E. SEYFARTH (Chairman), Belt Railway-Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, Chicago, 111.; G. C. STROMSOE (Vice-Chairman), At lantic Coast Line Railroad Company, Wilmington, N. C.; G. A. ROBINSON, The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, Richmond, Va.; R. H. SHORT, The Nash ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway Company, Nashville, Tcnn.; S. S. SANDFORD, The Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, Jersey City, N. J.; J. T. WILLIAMS, The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, ra. Safety Instruction Card and Safetygraph Committee--J. E. TOOHEY (Chairman), New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, New Haven, Conn.; C. T, DeWITT (Vice-Chairman), Northern Pacific Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn.; J. A. FLETCHER, The Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway Company, Hamilton, Ontario; A. J. BENSAIA, Boston and Maine Railroad Company, Boston, Mass.: H. A. LINDERER, St. I.ouis-San Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. Statistics Committee--*J. R. TENNEY (Chairman), The Western Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, Md.; D. C. IRVING (Vice-Chairman), The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa.; B. A. GRUBBS, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Roanoke, Va.; S. D. COULTON, The New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Company, Cleveland, Ohio. " Trespassing Committee--*W. H. ROBERTS (Chairman), Chicago and North Western Railway System, Chicago, III.; CAPT. J. R. NUTTER (Vice-Chairman), Kentucky and Indiana Terminal Railroad Company, Louisville, Ky.; C. M. KIMBALL, South* em Railway System, Washington, D. C.; M. BRACY, Southern Railway System, Cincinnati, Ohio; HOMER CONNOR, The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, Md.; H. C. DAUI.TON, The Louisville and Nashville Railroad Companar. Louisville, Ky. Staff Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Flat General Chairman 39 18 Rubber Industry pie in the trucking department should have regular meetings with their foreman or su pervisors to discuss safety. It can produce good results. Use of the N. S. C. Safety graph on trucking presented to all the peo ple with appropriate discussion is one of the best available means of bringing power truck safety to the front. There are many other items which could be included, but f feel that the subject has been developed sufficiently in the allowed time. To summarise--the following items should be carried out for successful safe operation of power trucks: 1. Right selection of drivers. 2. Proper training and follow-up. 3. Proper mainte nance. 4. Maintain interest in his job. 5. Strict adherence to the safety rules and the exercise of good judgment always. 6. Never fail to make the following tests before ever taking a truck out: Check--a. llrakes, b. Steering apparatus, c. Horn and d. Oper ator's control. Officers of the RUBBER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--G. H. BURKHARDT, General Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Rice-Chairman in Charge of Program--R. M. BOYLES, Midwest Rubber Reclaiming Co., East St. I-ouis, III. Secretary--R. W. FICKES, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. News Letter Editor--F. W. SANDS, U. S. Rubber Co., New York, N. Y. Engineering Committee--W. I. DOOLING (Chairman), Hood Rubber Co, Div. of B. F. Goodrich Co, Watertown, Mass.; J. L. DEAN, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co, Memphis, Tenn.; A. R. POMEROY, The Ohio Rubber Co, Willoughby, Ohio. Trade Association and Liaison Committee--C. E. BECK, (Chairman), St. Clair Rubber Co, Marysville, Mich. Health Committee--DR. R. H. WILSON (Chairman), The B. F. Goodrich Co, Akron, Ohio; K. A. KELSON, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co, Akron. Ohio; DR. W. L. HOGUE, JR, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co, Akron, Ohio. Membership Committee--T. J. CAIN, JR. (Chairman), The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio; *H. L. ANDREWS (Co-Chairman), The Firestone Tire !t Rubber Co, Potts- lown, Pa.; *S. A. WRIGHT (Co-Chairman), Inland Manufacturing Div, General Motors Corp, Dayton, Ohio. Publicity Committee--C. E. FRICK (Chairman), Van Cleef Brothers, Inc, Chicago, III. Rules and Regulations Committee--*G. D. CROSS (Chairman), The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co, Akron, Ohio. i Poster Committee--M_ R. BATCHE (Chairman), Xylos Rubber Co, Akron, Ohio; J. J. RAYTKWICH, Naugatuck Chemical, Div. of U. S. Rubber Co, Naugatuck; Conn. Statistics Committee--F. T. REYNOLDS (Chairman), University of Akron Government Laboratories, Akron, Ohio. Manufacture of Synthetic Rubber Committee--W. M. GRAFF (Chairman), U. S. Rubber Co, New York, N. Y.; K. B. DAVIS, B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co, Avon Lake, Ohio; E. R. BONNER, Kentucky Synthetic Rubber Corp, Louisville, Ky.; W. E. KAVENAGH, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co, Akron, Ohio. Members at Large--*T. H. BOYD, Manhattan Rubber Manufacturing, Div. of Raybestos Manhattan, Inc, Passaic, N. J.; *R. A. BULLOCK, Corduroy Rubber Co, Grand Rapids, Mich.; *R. S. FARNUM, U. S. Rubber Co, Detroit, Mich.; *0. HOPKINS, U. S. Rubber Co, Providence, R. I.; *ROLAND KASTELI,, U. S. Rubber Co, New York, N. Y.; *). M. KERRIGAN, U. S. Rubber Reclaiming Co, Buffalo, N. Y.; J. T. KIDNEY, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co, Akron, Ohio; *J. E. Lovas, U. S. Rubber Co, Passaic, N. J.; *W. L. SCHNEIDER, The B. F. Goodrich Co, Akron, Ohio. Staff Representative--F. A. VAN ATTA, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. tut General Chairman 19 r 53 Industrial Hygiene Industrial Dusts--What Every Supervisor Should Know By L. E. HAMLIN, M.D. Medical Dir., American Brake Shoe Company, Chicago, III. Most manufacturing procedures are capa ble of generating varying amounts of dust which may be visible, invisible, dangerous or inert It is therefore important that these substances be properly classified in order to protect the health of employees and pro vide safe environments in which they may carry on their daily occupations. Obviously the supervisor should have some knowledge of industrial dusts since the responsibility for enforcing measures in stituted for their control usually falls upon his shoulders. Unless he has a good idea of the actual risks confronting him, he will be at a disadvantage in securing cooperation from those under his direction. Ability to answer questions concerning plant hazards in a convincing maner is a very important factor in any dust control program, and if the supervisor cannot explain the necessity of avoiding exposure to toxic materials the worker under his charge is very unlikely to pay attention to it. On the other hand, a brief explanation that carries the ring of sincerity and truth can frequently correct unnecessary mis understanding. For example, a capable young employee was worried about con tracting silicosis because he worked in a plant where at times there appeared to be considerable dust in the atmosphere. He did not know that this dust was free from silica or other harmful ingredient, but his foreman did. Knowledge of his own department enabled the supervisor to convince the workman that not only was the dust inert but also plans were under way for the installation of new ventilating equipment which would remove the particles that were already pres ent The man was satisfied and the com pany was able to retain the services of a good employee. What then are some of the fundamental things a supervisor should know about in dustrial dusts? Dust is formed by reducing earthy materials to small size. Processes like grinding, crushing, blasting, and drilling produce dust particles of sizes from the submicroscopic to the visible. Fumes are formed from combustion, sub limation and condensation. Those from burning or melting lead or zinc are typical examples. The size of the particles is gen erally below one micron. (A micron is 1/25,000th of an inch.) Smoke is usually of organic origin from such things as burning tobacco, wood, oil or coal. The particle size is usually below a half micron. Mists or fogs are formed by condensation of water vapor and the particle or droplet size varies widely. The most important item to the super visor is the realization that he may be deal ing with a dust which can produce bodily harm. His first consideration should be "How is the man himself affected? Is the dust present in sufficient amounts In the air to be a source of danger? Does it exist in the pure state or is it mixed with other dusts? What is the actual count of particles per cubic foot of air, and what percentage of these is of respirable size (below 10 microns and especially those below three microns? How long does it take to develop occupational disease of the lungs from ex posure to dust?" All this may appear to be outside the scope of the supervisor's activities since after all his job is concerned primarily with production. However, most industries place the responsibility for carrying out safety measures on the foreman and it is apparent that his department will suffer if these are not properly enforced. Safety therefore in cludes precautions against occupational dis ease as well as accidents so that some knowl edge of methods for controlling exposure from dangerous dusts, toxic fumes or other 56 Industrial Safety harmful materials is a proper part of the supervisor's armament . If is not advocated that his duties be so expanded a* to encroach upon the field of the industrial hygienist but it is reasonable and logical to suggest that he equip himself with the essential details concerning occu pational risks in the department he man ages. This information can be readily obtained from his company medical de partment or through other agencies such as the Division of Public Health of state and federal governments. These bureaus wel the heavy metals like lead, mercury, and manganese can be highly toxic and poisoning from these substances has been recognized for many years. Recently serious and even fatal illness has been found to occur from exposure to beryllium and some of its compounds while another occupational condition known as "Shaver*s Disease" has produced severe dam age to the lungs of workers exposed to fumes arising from the fusing of bauxite, the chief ore of aluminum, in the manufac ture of artificial abrasives. come Inquiry of this type and their services Generally speaking, the particle size which are usually available without charge. is most dangerous is in the range of one-half Much confusion and misunderstanding to three microns in diameter. Particles exists about the capacity of various dusts larger than these seldom reach the alveoli arising from occupational procedures to or terminal air taces of the lungs since they cause physical disability. Exaggerated re are filtered out by the "cilia" or natural ports and misrepresentation by individuals protective mechanism of the nose, throat, unfamiliar with their specific properties and large bronchi There is also good evi have incriminated certain materials known dence that particles below one-half micron to be quite inactive and absolved others in size may be retained in the lungs in suffi proven to possess harmful qualities. Expe cient quantities to result in disease. This rience accumulated through yean of inten means that the visible dust in a working sive study and research indicates that the place may not be as dangerous as the par great majority of industrial dusts have ticles which are not seen by the naked eye. little effect on health other than their Industrial hygienists emphasize this and nuisance value and contribution toward poor also point out that although the amount of housekeeping. visible dust in the atmosphere in the vicinity However, the fact that they are unlikely of a certain job appears great, it does not to cause occupational desease should not necessarily mean tint the workman is in be used as an excuse to do nothing about haling significant quantities of harmful par them* A good working environment demands ticles. The exposure may be intermittent that they be removed in spite of their in and of brief duration, or the air at the nocuous characteristics and the smart super breathing level of the employee may be visor will do all he can to accomplish their sufficiently clear that no undue risk is in elimination. volved. The wide assortment of dusts met with With the exception of beryllium and in industry makes their classification into bauxite few of the aforementioned dusts "harmful" and "inert" categories difficult cause damage to lung tissue and, as ex Those arising from organic sources such plained previously, not every person so as animal and vegetable products as a rule exposed does develop occupational disease. do not cause serious harm but are capable of producing local irritation like dermatitis or sldn rashes, dental conditions, and in flammation of the eyes and the mucous mem brane lining of the upper air passages. At the present time it is generally agreed that the most important sources of indus trial disease of the lungs are free or urv combined silica and asbestos. Silica or silicon dioxide which makes up approxi The majority of harmful dusts encountered mately 60 per cent of the rocks and minerals in manufacturing processes are inorganic in of the earth's crust, is the specific cause of chancier. The specific effect on health varies. Chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and their compounds produce local irritation as do the organic dnsts but they can also cause general intoxication if present in sufficient amounts. The dusts or fumes derived from the ailment affecting the lungs of worker*. in dusty trades, known as silicosis. It is very important to recognize the fact^ that this widely known condition cannot`p be acquired from any material other that Industrial Hygiene 57 free silica and also that it happens only when particles smaller than ten microns in size of this mineral have been inhaled over long periods of time, such as from two to 25 years with an average of ten years. The term "free silica" usually means quartz of which there are many varieties. There are also other forms of free silica. The scarring or fibrosis of the lungs which results from the action of uncombined ' silica casts characteristic nodular shadows in the chest roentgenograms of those af fected. Frequently this is the only way the disease can be detected as it causes no symptoms in the early, uncomplicated stage. Other dusts may produce x-ray patterns which are difficult to differentiate from sili cosis and some unrelated illnesses may re semble it closely. The x-ray picture ob served after the inhalation of iron oxide particles among some welders and grinders shows densities which are all too often mistaken for those seen in silicosis. Since this condition (siderosis) is harmless, the implications of such misdiagnosis are ob vious. Unfamiliarity with industrial diseases of the lungs by those charged with evaluating them properly has resulted in employees be coming needlessly alarmed, forsaking their jobs and forfeiting seniority while industry has lost good workmen and production. It has also paid unjust claims for disability. In a situation of this sort the supervisor suffers along with the rest since his de partment is bound to be affected by these conditions. To attempt to tell the supervisor all he should know about the extensive subject of industrial dusts is an impossible assignment Suffice it to say that the more he learns about them through his own volition, the better his qualifications for his job will be. Through such enterprise he will enter a new field of endeavor and discover a fascinating experience which will pay dividends both to himself and his company. The complexity of problems which con front the director of any department in today's exacting requirements presents a formidable challenge to his resources, and this, along with the working man's reason able insistence on a better place to work, demonstrates that a knowledge of industrial hygiene may well be a most important factor in the efficient discharge of his duties. The best treatment of any disease associ ated with industry is not to let it happen in the first place. The problem is for engi neers rather than physicians, but, regardless of the one on whom the burden falls, the final outcome depends upon the interest and efficiency of the man who manages a de partment. | , Occupational Dermatitis; Teamwork in Engineering and Medical Control By WALTER F. SCHOLTZ Supvr., Industrial Hygiene, AUis-Chalmeni Mfg. Co., West Allis, Wis. > We have accepted the challenge that occu, pational dermatitis presents to industrial !' medicine, and accordingly it can be stated I, that with proper care and intensive educa- j-'. tional programs, occupational dermatitis can L ^e chedced and great savings effected. & Through the institution and maintenance jyfof control measures workmen can be pro- Ktected against dermatitis producing oils, g&chemicals, etc. The ideal control measures (rxill protect workmen all along the line-- In from the manufacturing of the basic mate- ffiWsl* to the completed fabricated part 6fcl Modem industry today is becoming so cognizant of the benefits of good preventive measures that they are not only relying on the worker alone, but are seeking the team work of everyone concerned. Since the proof of the pudding is in the eating, I would like to state what has been done through a concentrated program of occupational dermatitis control and preven tion which started in 1943 at the West Allis works of our company. This concentrated program has resulted in a 74 per cent de crease and a reduction from 10.3 to 2.7 in the number of cases per million manhours of exposure.