Document bBkOZ7K73qd0Vebpqg2Lp0r51
FILE NAME: Westinghouse (WH)
DATE: 1991 Dec 13
DOC#: WH088
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Memo - Job Safety Enforcement - Report of Interest Group - Westinghouse a Leader in OSHA Violations
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fwmib)p ifDili HWBB-0032813
NEWMYER ASSOCIATES, INC., 1220 L STREET. N.W.. SUITE 425, WASHINGTON, O.C. 20005
To Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Date December 13, 1991
Mr. William MacLaurin (Stevens 1+
cc: Mr. Briskman*
Ms. Darling*/
Mr. Kerns*
Mr. Mahon*
Mr. Pitts+v
Mr. Palmieri*
Mr. Rayburn
Mr. Spodak
Mr. Upchurch*
Mr. Wright
Washington Office*
Re: job Safety Enforcement -- Report of Interest Group______________________
In a public interest group's review of safety and health enforcement against 50 of the nation's largest manufacturing companies, Westinghouse was listed as having the Becond highest number of citations from the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration from 1977-1990, with a rate of 99.5 per 10,000 employees. The report said that the company received 1,338 . citations and paid $143,799 in penalties of a total of $248,200 that had been assessed against Westinghouse.
The report also said that OSHA recorded 19 fatalities and four injuries at company operations during the period.
Aggregated data for Federal and state OSHA citations was presented from 1982-90 and showed Westinghouse with 942 citations, 70.1 percent per 10,000 employees.
Workers at R i s k , issued this week by a Ralph Nader sponsored organization, declared that the agency leveled penalties for only 32.4 percent of the citations filed against the 50 largest firms and collected only 53.1 percent of the penalties initially imposed. General Electric was cited as "by far the most frequent violator of workers safety and health regulations."
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Essential Information, Inc., the Nader-founded unit that conducted the study (and sold it for $10 a copy after holding a news conference here), said that it obtained the information from OSHA through a Freedom of Information Act request. James Donahue, who produced the work, noted that mergers and corporate restructuring made it difficult to trace subsidiaries to corporate parents.
The report makes no reference to OSHA'a policy of reducing penalties in exchange for agreements by employers to (1) abate identified hazards without resorting to their right to appeal citations and (2) institute training and abatement practices throughout their facilities nationwide rather than only at the inspected operations.
Attached are copies of the report.
Attachment*
Newmyer Associates
p la in t iff s
e x h ib it
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HWBB-0032815
Workers O
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A. Survey of OSHA's Enforcement Record Against the 5V Largest .S.
Corporations
By
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James Donahue Essential Information, Inc,
Copyright 1991
G o1 v=3
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METHODOLOGY OF THE SURVEY Essential Information surveyed enforcement data obtained from the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for the 50 largest corporations listed in the 1990 Fortune 500. The data was obtained through the Freedom of Information Act from the Office of Management Data Systems of the federal OSHA in Washington, D.C. It includes inspection reports that list the name of the violator, the regulation violated, the OSHA citation date and case-closed date, the type of violation (i.e. serious, willful, repeat or other), the initial and final penalties issued for each violation, fatalities and injuries and whether the cited facility had a union or nonunion workforce. The enforcement data from the federal OSHA spans a 14-year period from 1977 through 1990. In addition to the inspection reports of the federal OSHA, reports from 18 of the 21 states that conduct their own occupational safety and health enforcement were surveyed for the period from 1982 through 1990. Those states are Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia and Wyoming. This data was provided by the federal OSHA. Data from state-controlled enforcement programs in California, Michigan and Washington was not available from OSHA and is not included in this study. LIMITATIONS OF OSHA'S COMPUTER SEARCH SYSTEM OSHA's computer system typically does not indicate the parent company name when citations are recorded for subsidiaries. Consequently, in order to obtain a complete picture of violations, the names of all subsidiaries, in addition to the parent company name, must be searched individually. It is not possible, for example, to search OSHA's computer system
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HWBB-0032817
solely by the name of the parent corporation and obtain violations of all subsidiaries. When OSHA conducts a computer search by parent company name only, as it did for this survey, enforcement data is provided only for the parent and those subsidiaries with names similar to that of the parent. For example, searches under the name of General Motors will provide enforcement data for both the parent as well as the GM subsidiary General Motors Acceptance Corporation. In contrast, Electronic Data Systems Corp., also a GM subsidiary, would not be provided, unless, by chance, an OSHA inspector recorded the parent name next
to the subsidiary name on the inspection report. Due to the cosdy and time-consuming task of identifying and searching literally hundreds of individual subsidiaries owned by the 50 surveyed corporations, this study is limited to an examination of enforcement against the parent corporation and significant subsidiaries identified by names similar to that of the parent. MERGERS & CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING Until the mid-1980s, Amoco was a subsidiary of Standard Oil of Indiana and Chevron was a subsidiary of Standard Oil of California. Although Amoco and Chevron are included in this survey, both Standard Oil companies are not. In addition, a few of the surveyed corporations were formed during the 1980s by a merger between two or more corporations. In this case, enforcement data from each company involved in the merger is included in this survey in addition to the post-merger corporation. Allied-Signal Corp. was established in the mid-1980s by the merger between Allied Chemical and the Signal Companies. Enforcement data from each of the two latter companies is included in this survey under Aliied-SignaL RJR Nabisco was established in the late 1980s with the merger between R.J. Reynolds
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Tobacco Co. and Nabisco Corp. Pre-merger data from RJR and Nabisco is included in this
survey under RJR Nabisco. Unisys was established in the mid-1980s with the merger
between Sperry Corp. and Burroughs Corp. Pre-merger data from Sperry and Burroughs is o
included under Unisys.
Manufacturing facilities were the primary focus of this study and conscquendy
0:
gasoline service stations and auto dealerships were not included in the survey.
CITATIONS & PENALTIES PER 10,000 EMPLOYEES
The number of citations and penalties per 10,000 employees is also included in this
survey. The number of employees per company is based on an average over the entire 14-
year period. The number of employees for the entire period, however, was not available for
six of the corporations. Consequently, averages were calculated over a time span of less than
4 14 years: the average number of employees for Sara Lee and Chevron was calculated from 1985 through 1990; Amoco's average was calculated from 1986 through 1990; Shell's
average was calculated from 1977 through 1985; Conagra's average was calculated from 1977
through 1988; and RJR Nabisco's average was calculated from 1977 through 1988. The
average number of employees for corporations formed by a merger was calculated by
averaging both the number of employees for all corporations involved in the merger and the
number of employees after the merger.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS The results of this survey are conservative. The exclusion of subsidiaries and the lack of information from three state-wide OSHA programs that conduct enforcement separately
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from the federal OSHA produces an under-reporting of violations. The results distinguish between enforcement conducted 1) from 1977 through 1990 by the federal OSHA exclusively and 2) from 1982 through 1990 by the federal and state OSHA programs combined.
Enforcement data was recorded by the date on which OSHA closed its case against the corporation, not the date on which the citations were issued. The totals for fatalities and injuries, however, were recorded by the date at which the case was first opened by OSHA. FEDERAL OSHA
The federal OSHA issued citations in 3,611 inspections from 1977 through 1990. Citations and penalties are presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Table 1 shows that the federal ' OSHA issued 17,318 citations against 48 of the SO surveyed corporations and imposed a . penalty for only 32.4 percent of those citations. Table 2 shows that the federal OSHA imposed 5,605 penalties against the corporations. The vast majority of the penalties were imposed for serious violations; serious violations are issued when OSHA finds that a company should have known of a substantial probability of an accident resulting in death or serious injury. Penalties imposed for willful violations were least common of all; willful violations are committed with an intentional disregard of, or plain indifference to, occupational safety and health regulations.
Table 3 shows that OSHA imposed S7.1 million in initial penalties against 48 of the 50 corporations and required final payment of $3.8 million. The corporations collectively paid only 53.1 percent of the penalties initially imposed by OSHA.
Of the 3,611 total federal OSHA inspections, 79.2 percent involved facilities operated by union labor while 20.8 percent were non-union. Facilities operated by union labor were
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also more frequently cited for safety violations than non-union facilities; Table 11 shows that the federal OSHA issued 14,185 citations against union facilities and 3,133 citations against non-union facilities. The agency imposed a penalty for 34.3 percent of the citations issued against union facilities and 23.8 percent of citations issued against non-union facilities. Table 14 shows that union facilities collectively were fined $3.5 million by the federal OSHA and paid 52.6 percent of the initial penalties. The table also shows that non-union facilities were fined $268,217 and paid 60.4 percent of the initial penalties. STATE OSHA
Table 7 shows that 18 of the 21 state-operated occupational safety enforcement agencies issued 3,897 citations against 48 of the 50 surveyed corporations from 1982 through 1990. Penalties were imposed for only 1,031, or 26.4 percent, of those citations.
The data does not provide a reliable comparison of enforcement between states because each state does not contain the same number of facilities. Nevertheless, a comparison is made here to illustrate the extent of state enforcement against the 50 surveyed corporations. Oregon's enforcement program was the most aggressive. The state issued 1,298 citations and imposed $101,515 in penalties against the corporations from 1982 through 1990. Kentucky ranked second but followed far behind Oregon with 392 citations and $28,289 in penalties. Indiana, Minnesota and North Carolina immediately followed Kentucky and ranked third, fourth and fifth, respectively, in the number of citations issued. Ranking with the smallest number of citations were Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Alaska and Iowa. FEDERAL & STATE COMBINED
The federal OSHA and state agencies collectively issued citations in 2,823 inspections
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HMBB-032821
from 1982 through 1990. Tables 4, 5 and 6 rank the corporations by citations and penalties
imposed by both the federal and state agencies in the nine-year period. Table 4 shows that
both the federal OSHA and the state agencies collectively issued 13.116 citations against 48 e_n
of the 50 surveyed corporations and imposed a penalty for only 31.6 percent of those
citations. Table 5 shows that the vast majority of penalties were imposed for serious
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violations while willful violations were the most infrequent. A total of $5.6 million in
penalties was initially imposed, while only $3 million was actually paid. Final penalties
represented 54.4 percent of initial penalties.
MOST FREQUENT VIOLATORS UNDER FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT
Table 1 shows that the federal OSHA typically imposes a penalty for about one-fourth
to one-third of the citations issued, regardless of how frequently a corporation is cited.
General Electric (GE) was by far the most frequent violator of worker safety and health
regulations. From 1977 through 1990, GE violated federal worker safety and health
regulations 2,017 times and paid a penalty for 27.3 percent of those violations. Among the
20 corporations most frequently cited by the federal OSHA, GE paid a penalty on the second
smallest proportion of its total citations, despite its ranking as the most frequent violator.
Westinghouse followed GE with 1,338 violations of federal safety and health regulations.
The corporation paid a penalty for 31.2 percent of its total citations. Following GE and
Westinghouse, and ranking in the top five cited companies, were General Dynamics, General
Motors and International Paper, respectively.
Table 1 also shows that International Paper was the most frequent violator per 10,000
employees. The company received more than 237 citations per 10,000 employees, while
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HWBB-0032822
Georgia Pacific, Weyerhaeuser and General Dynamics followed with 221, 137 and 130
citations respectively.
MOST FREQUENT VIOLATORS UNDER FEDERAL & STATE ENFORCEMENT
Table 4 shows that under the federal and state enforcement programs, GE ranked
number one in violating safety regulations from 1982 through 1990. GE violated such
regulations on 1,498 occasions and was penalized for only 25J5 percent of the citations issued.
Weyerhaeuser followed with 1,212 violations; it paid a penalty for only 34.2 percent of the
citations issued. Following GE and Weyerhaeuser, and ranking in the top five, were
Westinghouse, International Paper and General Dynamics, respectively.
Table 4 also shows that Weyerhaeuser was the most frequent violator per 10,000
employees. The company received more than 277 citations per 10,000 employees, while
International Paper and Georgia Pacific followed with more than 201 and 197 citations
respectively.
Occidental Petroleum and Pepsico were not issued a citation or penalty and did not
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appear at all in the federal or state enforcement data.' In the United States, Occidental
Petroleum is represented primarily by subsidiary names rather than the parent name. This
may explain the lack of any violations in the OSHA data. In addition, unlike most oil
companies, Occidental Petroleum does not have any U.S. oil refineries; such workplaces are
frequently cited by OSHA for safety violations. In 1991, Occidental Petroleum was ranked
by Forbes magazine as the eighth smallest employer of the 50 corporations surveyed.
PENALTIES
General Motors (GM) paid the greatest amount in federal OSHA penalties as well as
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federal and state OSHA penalties combined. Table 3 shows that from 1977 through 1990, GM paid $654,499 in federal OSHA penalties; Table 6 shows that from 1982 through 1990 GM paid $609,004 in federal and state OSHA penalties combined. Following GM in the top five ranking of federal OSHA penalties were Ford Motor Co., Chrysler, General Dynamics and Texaco. Following GM in the top five ranking of federal and state OSHA penalties were Ford Motor Co., Chrysler, General Dynamics and USX. Although GE was cited more frequently than any corporation, it ranked sixth in the amount of penalties imposed exclusively by the federal OSHA and by the federal and state OSHA combined. ENFORCEMENT TREND
The 14-year trend of citations and penalties issued by the federal OSHA is shown by the graphs in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 depicts the late 1970s as the most aggressive enforcement period while the 1980s are characterized by declining federal enforcement Throughout the entire period, however, the total number of citations was never fully matched by a similar number of penalties. Figure 2 shows that no penalty or penalties totalling $1 $1,000 were imposed for the vast majority of inspections in which a citation was issued. Figure 2 also shows that penalties totalling $10,000 or more were rarely, if ever, imposed by OSHA.
The nine-year trend of citations and penalties issued by the states is shown by the graphs in Figures 3 and 4. While the federal government was reducing the number of citations and penalties in the 1980s, Figure 3 shows that the state agencies were gradually increasing enforcement efforts. The increase, however, was not matched with stringent penalties. Figure 4 shows that no penalty or penalties totalling $1 - $1,000 were imposed for
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a") the vast majority of inspections in which at least one citations was issued. Similar to the
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federal OSHA, state agencies rarely, if ever, imposed total penalties of $10,000 or more.
Figure 5 depicts the dollar value of initial and final penalties imposed by the federal
OSHA in each year from 1977 through 1990. The figure shows the late 1970s as a period of
increasing penalties while the early and mid-1980s were a period of decline. A sudden
increase in penalties occurred in 1988 and 1989; Figure 1 shows, however, that stronger
penalties in 1988 and 1989 were not matched by a similarly strong increase in the number of
citations and penalties. Although the dollar amount of penalties was significantly higher in a
1988 and 1989 than at any other time, the number of citations and penalties was significantly
higher during the late 1970s.
Figure 6 shows the dollar value of initial and final penalties imposed by the state
OSHA programs in each year from 1982 through 1990. It shows that the states were
generally increasing penalties except for periods of decline in 1984, 1988 and 1989.
FATALITIES AND INJURIES
Table 15 shows that the federal OSHA recorded 1,141 fatalities and injuries from 1977
through 1990 for 43 of the 50 corporations; 418 workers were killed and 723 injured. On
average, 6.8 employees were killed or injured each month during the 14 year period. Phillips
Petroleum topped the list with 122 fatalities and injuries, followed by Goodyear Tire &
On
Rubber Co. with 96. No deaths or injuries were recorded for Bristol Myers, Eastman Kodak,
Hewlett Packard, Occidental Petroleum, Pepsico, Philip Morris or Xerox.
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TABLE 1. NUMBZR OF FEDERAL OSEA CITATIONS (1977 THROUGH 1990)
CORPORATION
1 GENERAL ELECTRIC
2 WESTINGHOUSE
3 GENERAL DYNAMICS
4 GENERAL MOTORS
5 INTERNATIONAL PAPER
6 GEORGIA PACIFIC
7 FORD MOTOR
8 GOODYEAR
9 CATERPILLAR
10 WEYERHAEUSER
11 ROCKWELL
12 CHRYSLER
13 TEXACO
14 NABISCO
15 ARCO
16 UNISYS
17 LOCKHEED
18 MOBIL
19 CONAGRA
20 ALLIED SIGNAL
21 BOEING
22 USX
23 SUN
24 ALCOA
25 ANHEUSER BUSCH
26 CHEVRON
27 EXXON
28 AMOCO
29 DUPONT
30 TENNECO
31 PHILLIPS
32 3M
33 PROCTER & GAMBLE
34 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES
35 SHELL
36 DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
37 DOW
38 XEROX
39 JOHNSON & JOHNSON
40 MOTOROLA
41 SARA LEE
42 MCDONNELL DOUGLAS
43 UNOCAL
44 HEWLETT PACKARD
45 EASTMAN KODAK
46 IBM
47 BRISTOL MYERS
48 PHILIP MORRIS
49 OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM
50 PEPSICO
TOTAL
CITATIONS
CITATIONS PER 10,000 EMPLOYEES
PERCENTAGE OF CITATIONS WITH
PENALTIES
2017
1338
1158
1115
1046
907
896
820
622
601
516
502
417
396
382
315
295
291
284
272
263
240
232
226
199
195
179
173
156
128
126
124
106
101
100
95.
92
84
69
67
44
35
36
26
14
9
7
2
0
0
17318
56.7 99.5 130.0 14.4 237.7. 221.2 21.8 61.1 88.5 137.5 46.2 39.1 69.1 32.4 93.2 24.8 39.2 17.1 99.6 23.4 24.7 21.2 66.5 49.3 69.8 36.2 12.8 34.6 10.6 12.8 45.3 14.5 16.9 5.6 28.3 13.4 16.7 7.6 9.4 8.2 4.8 4.1 19.7 4.0 1.1 0.2 2.0 0._ 2
'
27.3 31.2 31.0 34.3 34.9 28.8 39.2 27.2 34.0 29.3 30.0 41.8 55.1 30.3 29.3 29.5 31.5 40.2 35.9 35.7 25.1 55.0 31.9 33.6 31.6 35.4 25.1 32.4 26.3 29.7 42.1 19.3 27.3 28.7 41.0 15.8 32.6 9.5 24.6 32.8 40.9 17.1 36.1 11.5 28.6 22.2 57.1 50.0
32.4
10
CORPORATION
TABLE 2. NUMBER OF FEDERAL OSHA PENALTIES (1977 THROUGH 1990)
PENALTIES PER 10,000 PENALTIES EMPLOYEES SERIOUS
WILLFUL REPEAT
vO evj oe mCNi
CD CD
I
CO oa
OTHER
1 GENERAL ELECTRIC
550
15.5
468 . 13
33
36
2 WESTINGHOUSE
418
31.1
359
3'. 30.
26
3 GENERAL MOTORS
383
4.9
326
21
29
7
4 INTERNATIONAL PAPER 365
82.9
329
9
12
15
5 GENERAL DYNAMICS
359
40.3
198
14
55
92
6 FORD MOTOR
351
8.5
284
16
33
18
7 GEORGIA PACIFIC
261
63.6
220
8
24
9
8 TEXACO
230
38.1
192
11
20
7
9 GOODYEAR
223
16.6
209
0
9
5
---j
10 CATERPILLAR
11 CHRYSLER
12 WEYERHAEUSER
211
30.0
137
210
16.4
128
176
40.3
164
6
60
8
22
35
25
2
6
4
13 ROCKWELL
155
13.9
142
0
5
8
14 USX
B
15 NABISCO
16 MOBIL
17 ARCO
18 CONAGRA
132
11.6
101
120
9.8
109
117
6.9
95
112
27.3
95
102
35.8
87
15
12
4
1
9
1
0
4
18
1
6
10
0
6
9
19 ALLIED SIGNAL
97
8.3
67
1
12
17
20 LOCKHEED
93
12.4
80
0
12
" 1
21 UNISYS
93
7.3
76
3
8
6
22 ALCOA
76
16.6
51
0
20
5
23 SUN 24 CHEVRON
74
21.2
58
69
12.8
59
3
0
13
3
4
3
25 BOEING
66
6.2
56
3
5
2
26 ANHEUSER BUSCH
63
22.1
58
1
4
0
27 AMOCO
56
11.2
54
2
0
0
<C -
28 PHILLIPS
29 EXXON
53
19.1
42
45
3.2
39
5
0
6
2
0
4
30 DUPONT
41
2.8
37
3
0
1
31 SHELL 32 TENNECO 33 DOW
41
11.6
38
38
3.8
32
30
5.4
18
3
0
0
0
5
1
0
12
0
34 PROCTER & GAMBLE
29
4.6
27
0
0
2
35 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES
29
1.6
24
36 3M
24
2.8
24
37 MOTOROLA
22
2.7
21
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
38 SARA LEE
18
2.0
18
0
0
0
39 JOHNSON & JOHNSON
17
2.3
16
0
0
1
40 DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
15
2.1
14
0
0
1
41 UNOCAL
13 - 7.1
13
0
0
0
42 XEROX
8
0.7
7
0
0
1
43 MCDONNELL DOUGLAS
6
0.7
5
0
1
0
44 BRISTOL MYERS 45 EASTMAN KODAK
4
1.1
4
0
0
0
4
0.3
3
1
0
0
46 HEWLETT PACKARD
3
0.5
3
0
0
0
47 IBM
2
0.0
2
0
0
0
48 PHILIP MORRIS
1
0.1
1
0
0
0
49 OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM
0
-
0
0
0
0
50 PEPSICO
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
5605
4590
172
472
371
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TABLE 3. FEDERAL OSHA PENALTIES (1977 THROUGH 1990)
CORPORATION
1 GENERAL MOTORS 2 FORD MOTOR 3 CHRYSLER 4 GENERAL DYNAMICS 5 TEXACO 6 GENERAL ELECTRIC 7 INTERNATIONAL PAPER a USX 9 WESTINGHOUSE 10 SHELL ii GEORGIA PACIFIC 12 CATERPILLAR 13 GOODYEAR 14 WEYERHAEUSER 15 CHEVRON 16 ROCKWELL 17 NABISCO 13 ARCO 19 ALLIED SIGNAL 20 BOEING 21 LOCKHEED 22 AMOCO 23 UNISYS 24 CONAGRA 25 SUN 26 MOBIL 27 PHILLIPS 28 DUPONT 29 ALCOA 30 ANHEUSER BUSCH 31 EXXON 32 TENNECO 33 PROCTER & GAMBLE 34 MOTOROLA 35 3M 36 DIGITAL EQUIPMENT 37 UNOCAL 38 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES 39 JOHNSON & JOHNSON 40 DOW 41 SARA LEE 42 XEROX 43 EASTMAN KODAK 44 BRISTOL MYERS 45 MCDONNELL DOUGLAS 46 IBM 47 HEWLETT PACKARD 48 PHILIP MORRIS 49 OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM 50 PEPSICO
TOTAL
FINAL PENALTY
INITIAL PENALTY
$654,499
$912,900
462,085
781,735
370,808
1,068,642
274,685
656,610
229,773
416,631
199,322
324,803
156,418
210,630
151,855
284,500
143,799
248,200
130,935
273,780
114,950
150,201
101,652
446,100
67,770
95,320
53,830
71,841
43,330
52,680
42,106
59,370
41,005
59,280
38,803
143,248
37,425
43,025
36,685
44,000
34,356
39,480
34,305
47,220
34,290
48,625
34,047
41,690
33,055
51,580
32,805
70,430
31,220
74,480
28,910
90,340
28,651
46,975
28,120 '
35,065
20,145
46,740
15,120
22,395
11,730
14,370
8,240
12,210
-
6, 800
8,460
6, 750
6, 750
6, 710
8,780
6, 445
15,040
6,290
7,780
6, 050
49,000
3, 675
4,530
3, 350
3, 350
3, 150
5,340
1, 440
1,860
1,295
2, 890
1, 157
25,360
780
780
560
560
0
0
0
0
$3,781,181
12.
$7,125,576
PERCENTAGE OF INITIAL
PENALTIES PAID
71.7 59.1 34.7 41.8 55.2 61.4 74.3 53.4 57.9 47.8 76.5 22.8 71.1 74.9 82.3 70.9 69.2 27.1 87.0 83.4 87.0 72.6 70.5 81.7 64.1 46.6 41.9 32.0 61.0 80.2 43.1 67.5 81.6 67.5 80.4 100.0 76.4 42.9 80.8 12.3 81.1 100.0 59.0 77.4 44.8 4.6 100.0 100_ .0 -
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TABLE 4. NUMBZR 0F FEDERAL STATE OSHA CITATIONS (1982 THROGB 1990)
CORPORATION
CITATIONS
CITATIONS PER 10,000 EMPLOYEES
PERCENTAGE OF CITATIONS WITH
PENALTY
1 GENERAL ELECTRIC 2 WEYERHAEUSER 3 WESTINGHOUSE 4 INTERNATIONAL PAPER 5 GENERAL DYNAMICS 6 GEORGIA PACIFIC 7 GENERAL MOTORS 8 GOODYEAR 9 FORD MOTOR 10 CATERPILLAR 11 ROCKWELL 12 CHRYSLER 13 NABISCO 14 ARCO 15 BOEING 16 USX 17 LOCKHEED 18 AMOCO 19 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES 20 MOBIL 21 CONAGRA 22 ALLIED SIGNAL 23 CHEVRON 24 EXXON 25 UNISYS 26 3M 27 ALCOA 28 TEXACO 29 ANHEUSER BUSCH 30 DUPONT 31 PHILLIPS PETROLEUM 32 PROCTER & GAMBLE 33 SARA LEE 34 SUN 35 DOW 36 SHELL 37 UNOCAL 38 DIGITAL EQUIPMENT 39 XEROX 40 MOTOROLA 41 MCDONNELL DOUGLAS 42 JOHNSON & JOHNSON 43 PHILIP MORRIS 44 IBM 45 HEWLETT PACKARD 46 EASTMAN KODAK 47 TENNECO 48 BRISTOL MYERS 49 OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM 50 PEPSICO
1498 1212
942 885 818 810 745 733 544 390 338 337 308 289 236 233 212 201 196 176 171 156 155 150 149 147
134 107
88 87
79 65 64 56 49 48 44 44 38 35 33 30 24 15 14 12 10
9 0 0
42.1 277.3
70.1 201.1
91.8 197.6
9.6 54.6 13.2 55.5 30.3 26.3 25.2 70.5 22.2 20.6 28.2 40.2 10.8 10.3 60.0 13.4 28.8 10.7 11.7
17.3 29.3 17.7
30.9 5.9
28.4 10.4
7.0 16.0
8.9 13.6 24.0
6.2 3.4 4.3 3.8 4.1 2.9 0.4 2.1 0.9
1.0 2.5
-
-
25.5 34.2 30.7 4o;i 33.1 31.0 35.2 23.6 44.5 30.0 29.0 46.6 27.9
29.8 22.9 53.6 28.3 20.9 23.5 44.3 36.3 37.8 17.4 22.7 22.1 21.1 29.1 34.6 28.4 21.8 31.6 27.7 34.4 35.7
42.9 47.9 29.5 29.5 10.5 28.6 18.2 23.3 12.5
6.7 0.0 16.7
20.0 22.2
"
TOTAL
13116
31.6
13
HUBB-0032828
O'
fSJ
TABLE 5. NUMBER OF FEDERAL 6 STATE OSHA PENALTIES
cm
(1982 THROUGH 1990)
n
3D
S3
PENALTIES
I
TOTAL PER 10,000
GO
CORPORATION
PENALTIES EMPLOYEES SERIOUS WILLFUL REPEAT OTHER
'Kyo 1 WEYERHAEUSER 415
2 GENERAL ELECTRIC
382
3 INTERNATIONAL PAPER
355
x!l w a M K iM 0
4 WESTINGHOUSE
289
5 GENERAL DYNAMICS
271
6 GENERAL MOTORS
262
7 GEORGIA PACIFIC
251
8 FORD MOTOR
242
9 GOODYEAR
173
10 CHRYSLER
157
11 USX
125
12 CATERPILLAR
117
13 ROCKWELL
98
14 NABISCO
86
15 ARCO
86
16 MOBIL
78
17 CONAGRA
62
18 LOCKHEED
60
19 ALLIED SIGNAL
59
20 BOEING
54
21 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES
46
22 AMOCO
42
23 ALCOA
39
24 TEXACO
37
25 EXXON
34
26 UNISYS
33
27 3M
31
28 CHEVRON
27
29 PHILLIPS PETROLEUM
25
30 ANHEUSER BUSCH
25
31 SHELL
23
32 SARA LEE
22
33 DOW
21
34 SUN
20
35 DUPONT
19
36 PROCTER & GAMBLE
18
37 UNOCAL
13
38 DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
13
39 MOTOROLA
10
40 JOHNSON & JOHNSON
7
41 MCDONNELL DOUGLAS
6
42 XEROX
4
43 PHILIP MORRIS
3
44 TENNECO
2
45 EASTMAN KODAK
2
46 BRISTOL MYERS
2
47 IBM
1
48 HEWLETT PACKARD
0
49 OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM
0
50 PEPSICO
0
95.0 10.7 80.7
21.5 30.4
3.4 61.2
5.9 12.9 12.2 11.0 16.6
8.8 7.0 21.0 4.6 21.8 8.0 5.1 5.1 2.5 8.4 8.5 6.1 2.4 2.6 3.6 5.0 9.0 8.8 6.5 2.4 3.8 5.7 1.3 2.9 7.1
1.8 1.2
.9 .7
. 4 .4 .2 .2 .6 .0 0.0 -
297
0 66
52
342
10 17
13
312
9 27
7
258
2 17
12
157
7 36
71
219
19 21
3
206
7 13
25
205
16
7
14
163
0
8
2
119
19 15
4
92
15 16
2
87
4 21
5
94
0
3
1
80
0
6
0
75
0
5
6
60
0
2
16
56
0
3
3
55
0
3
2
46
0
3
10
43
2
2
7-
37
0
5
4
41
0
0
1
32
0
4
3
35
0
0
2
28
2
0
4
32
0
1
0
25
0
4
2
23
1
1
2
23
2
0
0
24
1
0
0
21
2
0
0
22
0
0
0
13
0
8
0
18
2
0
0
15
3
0
1
17
0
0
1
13
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
9
0
0
1
6
0
0
1
5
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
4147
3431
123 315 278
14
r