Document bBZbRyZNN56EaaBjpv17Vew2Z

Air HygiensToundetion of America, lac., 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Fa., February 10, 1938 REFERSFCES HCCi:-"T L- TUBE OS OUST DISEASES 1. yews 98 seit as^bciix g, Kewa Sec. 119, 1058-61 (Dec* 30, A group ew York area, under the direction o ting mining ene*ne*r oped a dust control system involving ling pria- oiples. esigned to meet requirements of the State sill cosis law pved dust control methods on ev< drilling ,job In the Stat has been put in operation h Ave. subway, The esaaiwejit'c ^ drills and ventilat s, oonaeoted to a cen- at iT'd ce^/^ater is sprayed o and the combined, dust >r is forced igh^^las into out> M The ventilating system he^% ceps city of lv of eute Irpiager dust counts under operating conditions particles (under 10 mlerone) per cubic foot* The centre 5tlons to the dry drilling with looal exhaust hoods and prase of evidence against the existence of a pneumonia hazard in wet dr 99.775? DRILL ISO FOR SILICetfEk GW&gfifc* Ebg^jWs Rao. 120, 118 (Jan. 20, 1938). This note reports ndgfare^y in tha^t^stidg/^^the wet process drilling system just described. Teahrfrgv/aade at T6tte-Gap,'j:wfri the Letchworth Village site being unsuitable. .rJewQ^were made during Jigie to^^^^iber, 1937. On the basis of the resultSj^tt^SfebSotora, in cooperr^Utf/WitS^ha^Compressed Air Institute, subaitta<is^piication for approval of "wat^driiT^^with ventilation, and the State `cede based on the application'and^ teatJ^-^Ths oode and sug^astad rules 'under consideration by a new advfsprfis^ocmmf^**# and if their report is tble, the eerly approval of wet drilli^^th'qSrhUa,ticn is expected as an Accepted method of oontrol under the Silicos&Affet* '\g^\ 100 DEALING 7:iTH VI0UTI0B3 OF THE TO RESITS COHPEJJS^QON y> Survey of Labor Law Admin. 3 (December 1937)* Effective campaign against employers who flout or etelroe the law hts been waged by the llew York Lebor Depar-toant with the cooperation df^%s Attorney General, ccording to Industrial Casisaioner 2. ?. Andrews* Tfctf^p^neipel type of evasion which aroee during the depression was the ^leasing" of objwks P*c* t0 workers or partnership or subcontract agreements* The weapons iftlf^pre first, education and then prosecution* Ifcny employers, their organisationa^unions, sad banking and financial organisations have cooperated in the educational program. The law haa also been violated by physicians in various respects, including solicitation, flagrant advertising, false testimony, padded medical bills, refusal to operate without written orders, and limitation or discontinuance of treafcnent for fear th bill will not be paid* In handling these violations, the Labor Department has th' aupport of the courts and of county aedleal sooletiss* A committee is now con sidering complaints against physicians as part of the larger problem,of establish ing sound principles of medical practice for possible future amendments to the law. References to Recent literature - 2 101 PREPARING STATE irPWIION ?0* T70REERS. Stn-rey of labor Lew Admin. 8 (Deo. IS3?) The New Tork State Department of labor has just issued a 32 page; Test pocket booklet concerning the State Unemployment Insurance Law, entitled "Information Cor Employees*" It explains the procedures for filing application* for law* and for unemployment insurance benefits* To meet the public demand, 5 million oopies are being printed* . 102 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE COrFENS..? ION. Pittsburgh Med. Bull. 2?, 71 (Jan. 22, 1338} and other sources* A new occupational disease ccmpensjt^S^law went into effect January 1 in Fenns: van^the 21st State to adopt s<Spgfslation* The causes of compensable < dustx^a^ disease t^e specifically ^Seted* They include* poisoning from lei cury, arsonio, tillates'/ btiooggeeni etefc, tives, r ' ' tumen, r fuses, gases' , methanol, oarbon bisulfide, hydrpo/ dis Tons, benzol and its nitro, aaido or ' acid and its salts; iafeotion from J9Q4p^ch, bi- fin , oils, cutting compounds, lubrice#2UytfSt, liquids, hraxj and injury from asbestoaisrf^iEfcebiia or anthre- coeis (m anthraoo abil tu he^feiy on liabil^ isson disease (ccmpreastdair\llj)rfi3a)* Silicosis, sis are not comrensabUftjiir temporary or partial dis y not exeaed ?3,6jK$iMi?y one case* These limitc industrial dijafyaV^Uteed. The cost will bear mor '` h*rial disease hazards. A recent survey of ind d>) Pennsylvania, tabulated and an- alyied by a *NRA projeo urvey of 16,000 Industrial establish- menta, indicates that the nployeea exposed to induetrial disease hazards was 672,010, of whi< be ocrered by the new law* Copies of tite Occupational aviation Law art obtainable from the Depar- ment of Labor and Indus 1C3 TRAINING FSNNSYL^tflftjttcltfHy INSPECTORS. <&my of Ubor Uw Admin. 3, (Dec. '3' Certificates wa^Spwbtftly awarded to/'Sjl Pen^&vania State factory inspectors wh? had cc&pletenbe^mining offered ia=Kr*e separdte, 2 weeks* safety end health trainingis^u'^aje. These 3 courses wer^i^anize^py\the Pennsylvania Department of Laber^Hffj^Iodustry in cooperation with b\T|hiver^p^of Pannaylvania, University o&rotrSJwgh and Pennsylvania State CollSge^nasiswffctoy members of the safety /^H'l^frth staff of the Division of Labor $mm^ds sohools supplied instruc Spn and classroom and study facilities* Th^pr^tioaJ^Jercturea on safety ana health subjects were supplemented by inspeotica^tripe to^a^yariety of industrial plants with satisfactory and with unsatisfactory oenjiitiafs* These trips were fc.' lowed by classroom discussion of the hazards observed? with proposed nd accom plished methods for Ihelr correction* Daily eamina.tions and a final 3 hour ex amination were given* Plana for continued training tMt^eing made, and special courses in safety promotion and safety organisation ara^J^ing considered for in spectors who have indicated ability for advanced work* Addressing the candidates for certificate#. Secretary of Labor Perkins fcreoeet a nee^^pe of factory in spector who* through, training, study and practical aervieeT^ould alavate his or ftasion to a high plane* 104 DRAFTING HULBS FOP 1087 AID TOE CONTROL. Survey of Ubor Uw Admin*, 2 (Dec. 133' k- ooa&ittee baa been appointed to assist the USasachusett* Department of Labor *=' Industry in the preparation of rules and regulations for the control of hazardous dusts tod fumes in the manufacturing establishments of the State* This effort toward industrial dust control is a sequel to the inveeti^tion of the Massachuse- Industrial Disease Commission of 1933*34 and to th# findings of the granite dust control project, conducted during 1935 and 1936 by the Deptrtaent's Division of Occupational Hygiene* ` References to Reoent Literature - 3 105 HE3RAS2i*S SAFETY CODE FOR TS CLEANING ..ND DISC'S i:*DUSTRY. Surrey of Labor Uw Adain. 4 (Deo. 1937). Under the Nebraska lew empowering the creation of code commissions to provide pro tection to employees, the State labor departeent and the code coamission for the industry have recently revised the ci.-aning and dyeing code, the new rules to take effect April 1, 1938. 106 StATE-^fTDE SAFETY CONFERENCE IN SO R0LErA. Survey of Labor Law - 14-SL^D^ceniber 1937). The .SouthC^oliaa Sta dustritt^SbasaissIalami afety Conference, sponsored by the S te Department of Labor cooperating# wa^s Columbii^Nbv. 1 registrations exceeding 2,000.' Repres industry mmfall State participated in the general and sectional meet A variety of> ident prevention meter! ilbited. The joint eihUtAr and the U.S. Deper 'labor pointed out' the pogaiflii safety effort^ the 'task ahead. 107 IIBLIOORAFHTQS 6 (Dec. 1937).^ ' Issued in September# ences on industrial medi faetoriea# physiology# a oauses of injury# infection social insurance statist! office of the Interest HYGIENE. in Survey of Labor Law _ SO pages of well-classified refercYr-topioe as the medical inspection of pathology of induetriee and process**, st-aid legislation# social medicine nd may be obtained from the Washington ^,-734 Jackson Flsoe, N. W. Z_ ftoers on Dust# i sea and Gene cal Iniftadj^iial Hygiene. BUREAU OF Feicht 'GST QffTNGER FOR chrenck. tJ.S. Bureau nable from Division of Infor^tdb^# .ef disadvantages in the use J.B.Littlefield, Florence L. vwetigations Ho. 3360* Fr*e ^Bureau of Hines, Washington, CW # especially in nines quirements. neces: point; the only alternative is the use relatlwwj' large pump band-operated with considerable effort. To overcome these objeetidsilis._es-midget sampler has been devised, which samples at about one-tenth the rate of ^9 regular instrument, and is easily operated by a small, hand-cxwnked pump ogt*$ned In the carrying case. The witire outfit does not weight over 12 pounds. c411 operated in relatively confined place* and with little physical effor^^ 12-inch head of water is required for operation. The isplnger tube sad cylinder are similar in design to the regular instrument, but hcve a total height of about 5 inches* The tube may be provided with projections to ensure proper centering in the cylinder* The orifice is 1 tea. in diameter, IZidget impiager seaplee are courted essen tially at are samples oolleoted with the regular instnmmnt. The procedure de scribed in Halted States Public Health Bulletin 217 is followed# except that *1oohol (sthyl# normal propyl or isopropyl) is used se the oelleotlng sad diluting liquid. Tssts on siliea dust in various concentrations showed that the coists agree with those obtained with the regular instrument. Synthetic rubber (Neoprene) stoppers were found not to oontamiaste the sample# sad are preferable to blaok or gray rubber stoppers for 'that reason. (Announcement of the avail ability of this instnaent from a manufacturer is expeoted in the near future} References to -'.seeat Literature - 4 109 INVESTIGATION OP T2Z CHARACTERISTICS OF TS BAUSCH AZ?D LOKB DUST COUNTER. S. 'V. Gurney, C.Z.ffillisms aad R. T.* Meigl* Engineering Lab., Liberty l&itual Insurance Co*, 3oaton, Hass* J. lad* Eyg* 20, 24-35 (Jen* 1933) Reprints obtainable from Senior author* The 3eusoh and Loob dust counter is in principle an Owens jet counter with several features added, designed to make it a more practical instrument for general field use* Its essential features are a pump, a moistening chamber, a circular glass slide, a microscope and a slit which was 6 x 0*1 am. in the original Instrument. Dust particles adhere to the slide by^fibns of water condensed on them, by pre liminary humidification as in the OairoJtostnc&ent. The particles are counted uadet*'y)darkfield(jaignification o^W*^various slit widths were tried in pi limiiifcr^jexperigefcts, but 4 sar* width was selected as the best alt* to the original In the experiments, dust clouds of fo\ ISaaMttajC^ohist, and a mixture of rino and magnesium up, and taken during settling of the dust.^B^h^et in- eluded 1 Bausch and Lamb samples, oneszs* slit and one with each dust*^S.ttjdfgtneou estabLWhsA^b*^^ ra 1 taken simultaneously* Two sup were made for las of dust rare also taka* iA>aeweral industrial the counts with the pounter, with each slit, to the imp^ing , found for each sa ratios varied from Ome'to'feS for the 0^1 for^Xhe 0*4 ana* slit* d froa 0*1 .ratios excluding uncountable sample? d in the mixed oxide dusts* The principal factor i s tha pertiole site, more of the finer particles being vi If'and Loob field* ith the 0*1 am* slit, a reasosble difference i plunger made little differenoe in the count, and a half stroke for i>.aa provided for, wms practicable; with the 0*4 ism* slit, on the Jaunt was raduosd 10 to 1S% by a decrease of 50^ in speed of the and^a hel<$troki gave unreliable results. The results lead tha a beir*Te""thatN&i-8^uech and Lomb Countar fitted wi-:h the 0*4 mm* ori be used as a ^alatiWjMasure of industrial dustiness :\rr engineering purposes* However, n* elation figure appears possible dh0a2g Bausch aad Lomb coughs to ilent impinger values under Jitfons of concentration, sije./range icmposition found in industry, :h the 0*4 an. slit the oorrei^t^n i sitter than with the 0*1 mm* BEZaTTOR OF CERr.nT DUSTS UNDER 'SCEANICA^J^'GBgg^* J.3.Ficklen aad . Goolden* Science 85, 587-3 (June 18, 1937J*_?Uo rst^r^its. This brief pacer reports a study of breakage of etapojpherw particles in the proc ess of impingement on a glass plate, as in the Owsnj^t counter* The authors find that the ratio of smaller particles to prtiel#^o the original size varies from 4*5 times to 100 times, according to the velooitji^of^pingement, in the -as? of feldspar, and quarts similarly gives ratios of 3 tiaarf^^o 50 times* Dried spores of panoillium oxalicum show no partioles smaller thxpi^the original* (The ^ count of original partioles was evidently made by Fioklaa's^l^otographio method., In all oases of dry impingement a variable amount of scattering of particles cutside the field of impingement was seen* In impingement on a watted surface con siderable material below 0*5 micron waa noted* Tha authora conclude that any es timate of particle site distribution in the air fr the particle# resulting from impingement is erroneous* 111 METHODS OF SA1ILING DUST IETER13NATICN IN THE JTIiES OF ONTARIO. Cec# Z* C. Norman* Am. Inst* ^Ln* Met* Engrs*, Tech* Pub* No* 857, 20 pp* (1937)* The konimeter, Oreenburg-Smith impinger, thermal precipitator, Owens jet dust counter and filters as dust samplers are oompartd* The atandard procadure for konimeter sampling as usad in Ontario is desoribed in detail* References to Recent Literature - 5 112 DUSTS TEAT HARM. R.R.Seyers. Nat. Safety News 37, 51-2, 82-5 (Jan. 1938). Although several extensive papers on effects of dust have teen prefaced by a clas sification of dusts, the present paper deserves attention aa an interesting and logical classification of dusts with regard to their effects. The two general classes are organic and inorganicj and^nrganic dusts are divided into ncn-living and laying. Non-living dusts are aggfflTclassified as toxic and irritant, and allj^frfce. Irritant dusts are th^^jr^bcing local effects, while toxic dusts. are thpse oaus general or systJefltto symptoms, but a dust may be both to: irritant?) The t offen n tiis class are paranitrasiline, the di benzenes*)il r , trinitrophenol and nitronephthalene violet oftan oaus Inhaled ation, and some other dye dusts are >CTpV^ferdou3* niootlne aotion on the organism 15 ttmde^^eater than that produce' quinine, a same tobacco* Picric aeid and^twfesrJcplosives, ,sts produce speoifio effeots* (m&ergic dusts do not affect a jut decided effect on the^&n ol-^reapiratory system oi Examples arextit&sp? fur, certain woods, and rgfOj'r^S.iTing dus as\her harmful i _ teria and of the same size range l Exampl^A^Sjp&eteria are those of anthrax and tetanus, but a varie _ thei^^msea MStoXJlarly caused* Among fungus dusts are a mold affecting baa kers^u^n6rgillus, found in cotton mildew* In- organic dusts may be t irrviSfc'^ibresia-producing or non-fibroris-pro- duoing* The toxic dusts inclwil^^id^netals, such as land, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, sine and their Lissa'i^d other alkalies and diohromates are especially irritating i^c-is oh^MHlaple of a dust that is both toxic and irritant, producing is Qttft=&&eefc^Wjnll as systemio effects. It is un- necessary to go about' fihrosis-WMuoing dusts, except to mention those such as fibrosis-pr in high " . which produqps a aSsJ^Xfibrosis. Those classed as non* w non-irritant nW^Mrily harmless, as when inhcl-. ations they may lead tvbro^ch?^/'Wd other respiratory disease. >d out in the introduction to<^d>^laSftt^ation, that the more so;-. . the more harmful it is, other thih* beij^ihqual, although a rciati * .; dust such as silica may be deido5x^jurw&\over a long period. )UST CONTROL IN 17BVSTRI. J. D. Lciteh, L. B^T^oppard V. A* Briscoe. Nctur (1 otters) 140, 7T2-3 (Oct* 30, 1937). The first two authors criticize the suggestion of~fciscoe (our abstract 393, 133" thrt the mixture of other dusts might be used to mizsdaia^ the effect of siiice;-; da;cs- Tha roal way no prevent silicosis is to removd^fcidt from the breathe! . .r either by dust suppression or by the use of rospirators^^a his reply, 3ri$,- ag.ecs that dangorous dusts should be suppressed by all l^M^jneans. He main tains. however, that the most dangerous, i.e# the finest, nation of dusts i> mo-t difficult to suppress, and that therefore It is possible' that good ventile* . and still more, tho wearing of masks, may give a false sense of security. 114 DUST CONTROL IN MINING OPERATIONS. J. T* Melntyro. J. Chon* Min* * Met. See. So. Africa 38, 145-7 (Sopt* 1937). (Tho paper TT not given under tho above title but rather as a contribution ts **.<. discussion of Briscoo's paper - our abstract 393, 1937). The author describes ejector, oporated by oemproasod ftir* with a rubbor ring which fits over a drill shaft, which is used to exhaust the dusty air from a drill hole* A brief disc.*sien of methods end principles of wetting dusts follows* References to Rceoat Literature - 6 :i5 SHICO-TUBERCULOSIS. D.M.Brumficl end L.T.Gardner, Saranac Laboratory, Saranac Lake, y.Y. Am. Rev. Tubcrc. 36, 757-62 (Dee. 1337). Reprints arc probably available at the abovo address. The tern "silioo-tubcrculosis" is -used in the United Statos to denote a chronic tuberculosis in silicotic lungs. The some condition is called tubereulosilicosis in South Africa, and tho other term applies there only to a tuberculosis imposed on a generalized nodular silicosis. The disease differs from common tuberculosis in the following respects i (1) it appesfs usually in the 5th or 6th decade of lifc; X2) there is a strong tondenaa^^Sjurd chronicity and a low grade of toxic-, itys^anii (3) tubercle bacilli arC^M^wult or impossible to demonstrate in tj sputu^a*il Toj^Late in th^e-ourtw of the diseo.se. The x-ray may show actcristj^ pattfttt^ritha^dan^gcs, and tho person may remain apparonpl^\Aejy*hy for a however, an advance in tubereulosiswifl^V^secn. Advanced S^i^p-tu^^Mc^e is not a superiapoeition of either dtfta^f^on the other, but "*^pagrf?TOMwiike a mixture of reaction* to both ttfbqrdSrbccilli and tw le rudiments of organizing tubcrpildg^r granulation.' ;io fibrosis, often not no^kdas^^Torm, oan bo iden- seroulosis that 4evcl&an an existing silicosis ^symbiotic silico^ne^flaM.r stage. Further olar- shadows in silicotios health. Tho ideal me of progression, but as ise fora*, JQw* sprays show characteristic Sfcfully in spite of apparent good rost troamaent at the first sign for psychological reasons, probably the best plan is removal 116 EUP5TSEYA AS A FACTOR CT^feUMOCOHIOTIC COAL UISSSS. s. Lylo Cummins. J. Ind. Hyg The author believes 1-l^Jan. 1938). h th*y5^cntie^^cpusod on tho silicotic nodule, mottling seen ia-^Sagqgrams and shortness of/b^eath, found in silicosis, et symptoms, su^o^^sphysema, have beenolnsufjjiieatly considered. It is wel known tha "* s of breath does ncffter^^run pa**" * ------------------- - * in s to ^ tients,. and em.ph.ysema ms-^b iNa fa extent than has been suspec^^<^"\ - " - - types or stages of are deseribedt (1) infundibular nemo, "sorbo" type; (2) emphysema, the "honey cantitype and pr-m tous blebs and bullae. the first two types, seme connection with cuter^W*' apparently remains, but in the blebs and bullae, it is completely shut? off.Calebs are thin-walled bladder-like preminenoee found on the surface of ung, but situated within the pleura, while bullae, of similar nature, are n^thf lung tissue itself. The present paper summarizes the observations of ottffvjfpT?ss^--oonn emphysema in its various stages, as found in pneuaoconiotlo miners, pr*Q ry to a thorough experimental etudy. Emphysema may arise from other aaufceb^, such a asthma and bronchitis* It is fbund eepeoially in young children an^Jgg persons. The term "congenital" properly applies to the former, and the poesifcSilty is suggested trv when emphysema results from pneumoconiosis, the varying resistance of individuals may not be due so muoh to speolflc resistanoe to the effect of dusts as to vary ing susceptibility to emphysema* However, he finds a definite relation between dust accumulation and emphysema, with the distinction that fibrosis oocurs in the less active portions of the lungs, while emphysema is more frequent where the *un have the best exsroise. The loss of elasticity of the lunge is not due to change in the fibers, but to their breaking and destruction, found to the greatest exter in the blebs and bullae. The principal faetor in the development of emphysema is probably overeompensation in increasing the amount of surftoe for air contact. TThere miners live a long time with both emphysema and fibrosis, their sustaining factor is probably enlargement of the blood vessels, whioh is noticed in lungs so affeoted* Emphysema of a limited nature is also found with accumulations of dust apparently unoonneoted with silioosis* References to Recent Literature - 7 117 PATHOLOGICAL A2UTOMT OP ASBESTOSIS. TT. di Biasi. Areh, f. Gewerbepathol. u. Gewerbehyg. (German) 139-55 (1337)* The author preeents an exhaustive description of a fatal case of asbestosis, with r.aerosooFio and microscopic findings. A diffuse fibrosis was seoa spreading from the top toward the bottom* la asbestosis the x-ray indications are slight, with Tery noticeable lung symptoms, while the reverse conditions are true in silicosis, and the anatomical and histological findings in the two diseases differ through out. The conditions in asbestosis maaS'b explained by the mechanical action of the asbestos needles. Asbestosis oe^S^be used as a support for the existence of a^s&icatosis. ^ aW 113 sm 1513-22 rccoirig^ a 'COGNITION. V* Reiohmann. lied* TTelt Tho author^ flaky and silicosis to be *severe* only when shows Honeycoab patterns are signsoffo^J^riier stage, which is fol stage aai finally the one f^wicjSntioned. Te tails of al pictures are discussed^ a&i^tte diagnostic Talus of spi a and sphygmograsw^rtuMBhasized. 119 Sffi250S A1CNG iStAt iONERS\<$r<3JSSTERN AUS .R.Moore* Med* J* Australia 2,54-5 (Oct* 30, Tihke 1925 pre-eploym; examinations of metal miners ha' been compulsory in TTeste new employees must be free of tuberou- losis, industrial pulmosa oertain other conditions* At present 93*7% of the employees are 'ad d with 80J( in 1925-5, and slliaosis has fallen frsm 16*1# to . tuberculosis clone has dffive&Trcm^S t. oe of siliooeis with tuberculosis an: % and from 0*3 to 0#ljC respectively Two forms of the antr5g*MR*y stsgT"df s by fine and coftM^mqsJling, respectively, tho frecucncyr^ot^ph about oven, and cas' s have been found, characterized a ratio of 4il. In advanced cas ' tuberculosis the ratio cf fine to ^Wu*'**!* These findings^Iojl th icosis^c&Sseznrsthe fine mottling* Ofo to believe that pure silemployeee studied over 1? of all workers and 40$ of those))imtl' erground showed progress:.: bst tho primary stage of silicosis1* vthe total developed tu- csis. Of misers suffering ante-.primmcarr^^AsHQioi o . ^ ^ 1928*6., over 255? de- .oped silicosis within 10 years, and 4*2j( ei^eosis wS^fc-Ntubereulosis. These results show that although silicosis is still being: contjg^tod, a pronounced re duction tes been brought about by tho law. 120 EXHAUST SEQQ1SBMHR3 FOB RJTJNDR? XST CONTROL. Joh(^Xane, Amerioan Air elite. Co*, Louisville, Ky* Foundry S, 30-2, 74 (Jan 1938)^r^print or general in formation obtainable from the author. This paper was prepared under tho auspices of the Buginee^^ cammittce of the Oust Control Equipment association, and the data projected<3*$ intended to be used only as a guide for average requirements, to be modified? as particular con ditions require* The largest emount of exhaust air required for dust control will be applied to the operations incidental to tho shaking out of the casting, and the hooding or enclosing of that operation require* more oarefui study than any other dust-produeing proooss* An overhead hoed is advisable where possible. Another solution involves side hoods, but they require larger air valumos. An air ourtain syetoa oenfines the dust with moderate air vol\aes moro effectively than silo or downdraft hoods* Exhaust hoods should bo provided at all transfer points, end sand screen* should be enoloeed where possible* Storage bins for same also require exhaust connections* An ehelosuro should be provided at miser or mullors* All the suggested types of equipment for dust oontrol aro dcseribed briefly, with tabulated speoifioations, and illustrated by diocroas* References to Recent Literature - 3 121 J1EW CCHJRESS2D Affi F^TER. 3. Smolesyk. Gasmnske _3, 122-7 (1937) (German). This is an illustrated description of the new Auer compressed air filter which removes oil fumes from the compressed air used in masks end helmots. It is adapted to pressures up to 3 atmospheres and can supply 120 liters (4 plus cubic feet) of air per minute to 3 persons simultaneously. 122 DRA2G2R :I>3 OUST FILTER DF 90. 2. Naujcks. Draegerheft, no. 192, 3647-51 (1937), (Gorman). Ihc author describes the use of this commercially seme time ago. Hus .O ter for dust and metal fxs&es, intrcduccd s are included. 123 NCT3S-^N THE CEO OF RGEtrrakcLO&CAL DIAGNOSTIC NETHODS. Charles Weyl Reid VfcSrdn, id O'Neill, Moore School X-Ray Lab., Uni. ' Pennsyf^n cbtainab A oomparis' IW abo*< Am. Rev. Tube re. 37, 1-13 (Jan* if the most important methods for the dif^q^^^of tuber- calosis and including? (1) stereoscopic perf&roStt?tcrior, single posteroan *Uq' ty a lateral roentgenograms on-filajybfde with fullktUS with exposures of^^^eoond or less; (2) rior '&ntgeno on films made witodrer&rfc self-reotified ap- "usually re po^psroantorior roe tiaes ofytond to 1.0 socond; (3) per, ^^(fS^luoroseopio examination. Tho following conclusions ob&i thors* observations? (1) four- valve roentgenographic a. tus<wlblfviSiiS51e films and auxiliaries is noe- essary to obtain chest r paratus gives less sharp d: tsm the highest quality; (2) portable apancount of chest motion during the longer exposure; (3) the fluoros gp*&y inferior contrast and brightness pared with that of fi ent^ettpj^ams; and (4) roentgenograms or. rape: are technically inf thoser/^beduee^bh film, tThhee eost of the first tvre is about $3,500>^^4Aond, $l,3C0;^nd Luorosoo. p.c, 1$1,200. A question` naire was sfi^tdg^fcuBabcr c rcentgdn^logi' ed determine tho methods most satisfactpf'i^Jiwd in routine vork.^f^JIast e replies indicated preference for f " i Worough method of storeox^bp^c rb^Mcnograms in diagnosis of pr.eu ./although many considered thefsi^fle qwphure method sufficient for feting purposes, suoh as the exami^tidm ofMieuol children. The use of did not find much support rmong thos'^Sfe'ti'^^&\^ie Po**" paper roll fthod is used much more than cut paper, ani^hcU sufi^MT* that a film roll met is a possible improvement. Additional work ak^ additifcdinV) quest ions will be ne; essary to solve the probloms of the value of p&f^& roezr&genograms and possi of improvement of portablo apparatus. 124 THE TCXICITT OF SILICON. Carey F. McCord, William GV^derick and Stanley 3toi J. Lab. Clin. Med. 23, 278-9 (Dec. 1937). Tho injurious properties of silica and some silioates r.rb^ll known, and organ! silicon compounds are known to be toxic, but the qucstiozt~2^^oxicity of elemen tary silicon hae arisen* That point was tested by injootin^silioon dust into animals, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously cad intramuscularly, and evidence wr.s sought for immediate toxieity and for taiown effects of dust. No toxic offect found and the changes over long periods wore those, of dusts olassifled as inert. 125 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS TO T3 HEALTH CONGrESS AT BIBJCNGSAKj SECTION OF HYGIENE. H. E. Collier. J* Roy. San. Inst. 513, 265-70. (Nov. 1937). This address was a plea for greater cooperation between soionoe and industry for health promotion. In the discussion, as industrial health sorvlee was suggested with health offlecrs, welfare personnel, industrial nurses and factory inspector who would work in close cooperation with publio health and school medical servic References to Reeont Literature - 3 126 EVALUATION OP TEE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PROBIZIS CP A STATS. J. J. Bloomfield :id ifcry ?. Peyton* Public Health Bull. No. 236 (Juno, 1937). 126 pages. Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, TTnshir.gton, D. C. for IS cents, cash.' This Bulletin reports the results of an extensive industrial hygiene survey cf the State of Maryland, to be used as the basis an industrial hygiene program. The survey comprises a study of industrial establishments employing 136,000 per sons as representative samples of tho^Sotal of approximately 3 times that number, excluding occupations recognised as<^mcrally non-hasardous. Several bureaus si thcN^ate and Baltimore City DojgfJhezi^of Health cooperated with the U.S.Pu} Eoaxth)Service is the survey* Nuhfi^ua tables list the various hazards fie d occupations* A ooapleto summary ca: vidod tho tot? ut the most important hazards with thjfrStftiififte cf exposed in the State are as follows <^raSS>4oncxide, 41,000; ,000; metallio mineral dusts, 32,000(N$ii^28,OOC; ether subs of producing dermatitis, 24,000; .*CAlg3fust, 3,COO; and lecd, 16,00; creation on exposure to speeifik^rterials is not prosento ' is available in the re*tras o^tho State agencies which^[ te< 127 CTICAL afpl; :olooy TC Df INDUSTRY. J. Roy. San, In#. 58, 281-93 (Hoi Numerous examples of results of physiological research to industry arc given, and there is now available a mas* of laowlec the proper use of which w< eiwfioial effect on the health of industri: workers. The author emphas^i f.t <tij^prcsent need is not so much for new rc- search as for the industry. Before ^ .y tho'avtfllnble Imowlcdge and its application : . rogr^n^can'^if&Hmde in this diroction it will be essary to create national iadw^pial health servico. Such a se; would at least ago. his gcneratioiT^o a of work done 20 or more years LaBOR OFFICE Aim ttorld isse med., 1227-8 (1937). ( report on the work of that Offlee Lustrial hygiene and dompensation for indu#r USTRIftL DldaAafcS. L. practice and teaching a: % SEAL3 CF THE NATIOH'3 TTORKERS. Josephine Roehtfwfn^srsdBAol J. 16> 159-64 (Nov. 1937). Tho author discusses the relationship between incomw^Snd disease, showing that a tuberculosis death rata is 7 times as high in uaskilleC^rorkers as in profession al pcoplo; tho pneumonia rato is correspondingly 3^ tla^fcs^s high and that fren cancer 50% higher< Infant mortality rates deoroaso almo^0Ji a straight line as income increases, 130 FACTORIES ACT, 1937. (Oroat Britain). H.K.Stationery Office. Copies of tho l.v. obtainable from British Library of Inibraation, 270 mdisen Ave., Hew fork City. An extensive abstract of this law fills several pegee of J# Ind. 3yg. 4 Toxicol. Feb. 1938. A brief susnary of the main features is presented here. In this act, recently passed by the British parliament, the old distinctions betwoen "factcrir and "werkshope* and between "textile* and lion-textile* faotoriee are abolished, and they are all to bo known as "factories" and considered alike. The act con tains many new provisions as to health, safety and welfaro generally. The gen eral headings are health, safety, welfare, investigations of aeeidents and in dustrial diseases, employment of women and young persons, and duties of employed persons. Of partieular interest to our group are the requirements for ths re moval of dust and fumes. Exhaust appliances must be provided as near as pos sible to the source. Ho meals arc to be oaten where daneerous dusts or fuses ar Heforesees to Recoat Literature - 10 given off* *1 formal investigation into any accidont or ease of disoose con tracted or suspooted to be contracted la a factory may "be made "by order of the Secretary of State* Tho examining surgeon must investigate and report on eases cf death or injury caused by exposure in a factory to fuses, etc*, or cases referred to him by tho Factory Inspector. 3cfety provisions are specified for work in clos . spaces which mc.y contain dangerous fumes. All steps must be taker, to prevent explosion of inflarar.able dusts. Other provisions relate to cleanli ness, overcrowding, heating, ventilation, lighting, medical supervision, new machinery, vessels containing danged|s liquids, safe access to workplaces, fir; escapes . drinking water, wnshir.g^lqil&ics, clothing accomodations, eye pre^ iifti^^of oxcossim. wef s, and overtime. 131 TEE S ST TSETSES. J. 7T. Randall. Safety Eng./f^V) (Oct.), Dee. 193 7)# This is mtioar.1 diseasos from tho insraa^^tandpoint, including cupationa upational disease legislahffcnygpprinition of ac tion problems.. Tho defiri&Jftir of an occupr.tion- al disc enditions that aro<4iraracWristic of and poculia: to , occupation or>mfcd&s3nt" is stressed, as op- the defi in "all-inclu*ive$^ovcrngc in favor in some rers* Tho pro$ *crence to the liAbllijttTnm^uieosls is also discussed, with hjneefSiro t proof of 2 years' exposure tc silica dust in tho sta *5& can be awarded* -That law also con- tains a provision for CcBBiittee, which is urged as a nocesyr factor in proper eompens Any legislation must bo fair to emplc*. cr and employee; the cannot last. I*bor will have to be convinced that the pin, not prejudicial to its interes;. unusual cases of sob arcN^#_ ^oribed, which show the need of fr.. compensation levwrt (Vtto^pprrooggraama of^thc Tf^frt^welera Insurance Co. (very simil'r others) is des^Swe^T It includes copplet^^^necring surveys, rccennr.er.dati of suitabla`^4ges in equipment, p^s^al ations, special precaution agair.s>^M3(rial poisoning, and car'qfU^03***?^^, of personnel. fOTIS CCMmSATION IN SEW YORK - AN ,in&; i. Am. Lab. Legis .-\cr 1 ` 49-51 (1937). Wfax ^ is short article, writtoc from the labor mt^jwpoihtg^Btrasts the silicosis laws in New York and Wisconsin. In tho originalcNew $rJ^law, protection vas given to all victims of occupational diseases* ^irgjiie was thereby created instance coapaaics, employers and even employee sfn^Ki ding to an amendment drastically limits payments and makes no allcwenee^for-xartial disability. In tbs first year, 6 victims were compensated at a totajQft&sJ of $4,535* In Wis consin the original law still prevails, and although ac^ljfh point of $429,:;: bonoflts was reached, the total compensation has since to a reasonable figure and the worker is woll protected. The author coni4$jps that in New ?cr< "the principle of compensation is violated aftor depriving^ho worker of his right to sue.1* ' POLLUTION 133AER0SGLS. DUST, SHOE, FOG, CLOUDS AND AIR/A3 FBDSIEKS HBUIING SCIENCE, ICCNCk- ICS AND SALTS. H.TT.Lehso. Can, Chca* A Met* 21, 340-2 (Oct. 1937). An aerosol is a system consisting of finely-divTIed matter - solid or fluid, in persod or suspended in a gaseous nediw. Studies of aerosols hove beon raio along mathematical, physical and engineering lines, but little has been leamei about their colloid chemistry. The present paper reviews some of the newer ic- volopmonts in the study of aorosols, and emphasises their importance in me economics of our daily aotlvity* Rcfereneo is unde to the symposium of the Faraday Society in 1936, at which some papers were presented that havo been abstracted in our Bullotins* Aerosols inoludo dust clouds# smoko, fog, clouds References to Recent Literature - 11 and haze. Duet* consist of solid particles produced by disintegration or disper sioc, and range down to 0.1 micron in size; smokes are produced by condensation, and range down froa 1.0 micron. Clouds and fogs are formed by condensation of water on solid partieles (nucM). Near the coast the nuclei consist of salts from sea-water, and in industrial sections to some extent sulfuric acid and other acids. Industrial fogs may also be nejfc-aqueous, e.g. tar and oils. Instability is an essential feature of aerosols fcCSfey are eventually settled, dissolved or evaooA^ed. The formula for rate<^^)jejjRing of dust clouds is given, with freq*ftgies of sop* cemaon mlgera^^lsts. Explosibility is a hazard in all bustibli^duststhe eltreracal^charge which they readily acquire may^ai, plosioi^/^^out^Ss^r<*^^c^iBr flames. Several methods have been ntf56oiw^ror have not been markedly successful. nay be ^reoipitatioh, thermal precipitation--^r^rmfiersocic wave ' ttion. Only electrical preolpitj^oie^Arfiltration iercial scale. The extent of (dSeJJgfneric pollution sons tar, Liverpool, for ia^^neV^eSS toms of solids, eposited per squanMEH^per year. Air pollution conneets^SHtJ Tes of progres^-^ft; economy, as waLLtalrsxeeeral health. rflj^ion of ajr<Q|Atfaion are given. (3) Ripers on Industrial 134 TOXICITT OP INDUSTRIAL 0 i SU1AIARIES OF ICBLIS^ZD WORE. S. Browning Ind. Health Research Board./? Jdges./'H.M.Stationery Office, London, 1937. Obtainable fron British. Price not given. <^C) ' The number of vo^t stances^in>use,>(^h$afly as solvents, is constantly ir.- creasing, and ' Smown of tha'^bocicil^^f many of them. The acute off--* of some of widely used substaj^es i but their chronic toxic-; has not __ estigated. As a first'^ifcip in ugh study of these meter 1"' auth ^y the Medical Research CouzrctM^the r has sad# a survey of th- on nearly 100 volatile substa&qW^A' esults are presented . r. The following classes are tre*njt^>ln Ate chapters! (1) hydru- ; (2) chlero compounds; (3) alodtols; ` " tefriv^) cyclohexane deriva- tives; (6) ketones; (7) glycols and their derlj* ves;'^?ii , (8) a miscellaneous group, including carbon disulfide, pyridene, ethyj^atfaer^&d isopropyl ether. The properties, uses and toxic effects of each eebg^ynd are listed, and the ap propriate references to the literature ecce at the"eij>af each seetion. 135 DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPT OP CHRONIC BENZENE POISONING. G^J&raann. Arch. f. Gewer. bepath* u. Gewerbehyg. , 194-205 (1937) (German). ;) In injured workers iaTe photoengraving plant using s miiSare of benzene, tolue and xylene, there was a daoreaae in blood asoorbio aoid, adS^fcie author believes that there is a relation between the ascorbic acid content and the extent of in jury. However, there was no decrease of vitamin C excretion. Administration of a vitamin complex improved the symptoms of benzene poisoning in one worker. Re sistance of rabbits to benzene poisoning was increased by vitamin C. The author states in his introduction that no case is blown which proved that expert and regular blood tests would not make it possible to prevent the development of severe symptoms. References to Reoexrt Literature - 12 136 CARBON DISULFID'. ETOTXl'S XT 0LI7D OIL ! AmF-iCTUSS IT AK&iUJSLL. J.D.Gallsgo. Aroh. f. Gewirbepeth u. Gewerbehyg. (German) 8, 124-38 (193?) Carbon disulfide la used in extracting oil from ttaa raalduaa of olive sills, and slight symptcr.* (dixzinsss, headache, feeling of oppression, intoxication and de crease of visual acuity) are occasionally found in workers* Ani. al axpariaanta gave similar effects. The frequent appearance of lymphocytosis is noticeable, both dn man and in animal a* banak^W SOI 137 (Dac.^: (Querist and minor notes) 109, 2159 A quest hazards of using banana oil a.t'A spray pa or iso-aayl aeatats 'rally usad in Za sufficiently hig tratisns it causes cunts it irrl ' ayas and nasal mucosa of the safest, o 1 laequar solrent that 138 *cpap RIDmu IIS1X2 The remarkable from benzene 1 in total an similar, bu tar radium the effects 1ZVS ORGANS - IIS SPECIAL rap. 60, 393-400 (1937)(German), -forming system from radium aid by experimante am rats. Chsngas sad histological findings were very aarlisr after bansana poisoning than afe, la the blood plotures suggest that important diffarsnoss. 139 THEATiSrt OP :c ACID POIS t^X. Gewerbehyg. u. Dnfa* 14, 258-61 (Jk (German). , . 4> oHan hydnodre&c enters into th' ot, it ean be treated with fotas which sitter destrt th it, forming less poison - s. the bast of suoh antido'4 d intravenously, ware be sodium thioaulfata, sedivm .odium nitrate, dloxyaoe*c ins carbonate and bicarbonate. These of little value in isoning by inhalation, because fatal const ohed before the ady can be employed. In suoh cases, artificial with pure oxygen is the best remedy. The addition of 1% of carbon a gave about the seme resui in the early stages only,' end the mixture is not ed for first aid treatment Lobeline should be usad to stimulate the respirator centrum. 140 FOZiXSlRT SQ1CB8 XV XZGg. 17. WHO TU2ERS THROB DZBSBZANTHRACEI2 IS DX7PBBK27 ISDZA AH BI ITS DXSBCT CCSTICT '.'.IE UTTO fl^3* E.B Judervont. U.S.Pub* Health Reprts. 52, 1584-9 (Bor. 5, 1937). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, d7T., 5 cents, sash* ^ The Ii2s5t6 dlbezuanthrecene wae injected subcutaneously into aloe in different media, including dispersion in horse urn, solution in lord, suspension in glycerin, and a solid solution in cholesterol* It was found that tha horse serr dispersion induced the most pulmonary growths. Lung tuners were also induced in several strains of mice by inserting the substanoe directly into the lungs. Btfereaces to fieoeat Literature - 13 141 DTC59ES IS 2XCE. 3.3. Andervont and Egon Lcrenz. 3. 3, Pub. Health Rente- 52, 1931-40 (December 31, 1937.) Obtainable from Supt. of Dociamats Fashingtoa, D.27 for 5 cents, cash. It is Imown that It2t5t6- dibecsanthracene, injected subcutaneously, produces luzv tumors in susceptible strains of aloe. la the experiwnca reported, tbs dibea- santhraceae was first absorbed on specially prepared charooel, which wax then in jected subcutaneously. Teasers wera^Wlduoed at the injeotioa site, more fre quently than when the dibenxaat^p^jn^eas suspended ia horse serum without c] ooaS^^bjat no lung-tumors were fous)ihea charcoal was used. In a mere rest* atraisri^alepsjafcy a fe^ft^brt ^wsrt caused by injection of the dibei cene charcoal, led charcoal was Introduced intravenous^ the latter strath of oene suspSJgei lung turnere were induced than when similarly introduced. Thcfe exp< santhraIsaonstrate that carol charcoal. f dibenxanthracene eta be local! orptioa on >. Urol. 38 raible causes not^been responsible beta-naphthylamines, produec them* Fkop the prevention of this ha ia study and treatment is 1E1STTHES or AFILSfcN|OP t3 BLADDER. S.S. 1937). in wodcfSifhHf''discussed- Inilia alone has substaaoea such as alpha- and o and amino compounds are known to of fOM ia the plant are is^ortant ia brtaaoe of routine cystoeoopio oxsaiaatior 143 ROUTES CT5T0SC0PIC SCM BLADDER. H.D.TTol^jvS) ? Jja^CCSHW)SS4SCHE IF A5XL2T WISES OF THE 38,v"Il8-20 (&jg^l937) This paper strWw^eSe necessity of'suq. tions and of consideration of i factors affM&La^tte patientsr mental.a: 1 state in asking case hisxm. The in correlating the osoopio examination with th* *tudy ere pointed out. mmh of asilxs o? the sadder. ^ay^^^^Trol. 38, 221-31 jet 1937). e pathology of anilin tumors ia their varioue^etages^SjK^iseuesed, with a com parative analysis of eesss reported from differeB$^-ouroS8^y The lesion whioh the author feels to he the precursor of the tumor is ^$ia nature of a aaseular in crease, loam a"*piddr vessels." "~ 148 THE THE!33X7 OP 4FILIF TOCQRS 0? E2 URIBART SLUEEH. ashhorn. J. Urol. 38, 232-42 (lug*. 1937). . TEs author reports successful treatment of 62# of 88 oa*e#=2gtfgfnilin tumors, by various methods, including figuration, operation, the use o^4adon and x-ray, and combinations of asthods. Soutine oystceecplc evaluation is an important diagnostic procedure and has saved many litres. 148 CLIHTCi, SI30PICAIC* OP T3 A.23LIS TUTORS OP TEL BLADDER* R# S. Perguson. J. Urol. 38, 243-80 (Aug. 1937). This is a rertew of the literature, with correlation of clinical experience and obeenetica with pathologioal findings. Die author beliewee that the oaroinogenie substance is circulated by the blood to the bladder epithellxsB, and that the entire bladder, in oaaee of multiple papillasmtoils, should be treated by divided desee of roentgen rays. He baa found ttut treatoent successful in prao ties. Seferenoes to Heoent Literature - 14 147 EXPSRnflNtit PBODOCTIOI 0? BIXDEBR TU1CRS IH DOGS ST ABICEHXSmTXOtf 0? 3ELU IWPSTHHAHroS. W* C. Bueper, F.3*~`iley and H.D.TTolfe, Haskell lab. of Industrie Toxicology, Wilmington, Do, J* lad, Syg. Toxiool. 20 , 46-34 (Jfc&# 1938) Rs- priata btaiaable at abort address* Th paper is an extensive report of the first sueoessful attempt to produce anilia tumors" experimentally, Betp^aphthylamine was chosen for the experi ment^ beoause it is the one aroaat4^atanoe agreed to be definitely involved, ia>tn$) production of neoplasm ., wSFr^eeause it has been used in similar e: lmetft^^Resui$J&sre desorlbsttv la<cftail, with many illustrations* By brief^^an1 ary, 'i^oan b * * *-*it preneoplastio sad nsoplsstio (papilleoM- and a period^sf/SS to' ire obtained in 13 out of 16 female with subcutaneous injections and ora d for of eom- mereial b< The localisation of the tumors parts of t histologlo findings support s&taM^ the urogenous origin o Other offsets of large ieees olood destruotian and _ te kidneys and lirer^d^ayeful study of effeots LS^alj hope that okran^ngbt be found efaioh would with lood content oi .on, but no jri$)roies obserred in the pH or in Luooa^^Jaj^eterol, or phospholipid phos- phorus. 148 SXPERI1SHI4L INVESTIGXTXv VI OF AK7LZV TU2CRS. W.S.Htupcr, FJk, Briggs and H.D.Wolfe. J* Toxiool 20 , 86-91 (Jhn. 1938). Heprints obtainable as la preceding it* Various tests were mado^sa __ there are ohemospeoifio immune re- actions in man# dogrf^ntJKand fatTBits erxgirbed for oeoupational or experimental reasons to arnTTm^BN^aes with suspected casinogenio properties* They inoi-;- ed serologi^umn^*phylaxis tests snd^soti>g^ad passive skin sensitisations* Ho imun^oniaVefponse was obtainsd^r<Ata-a^^hylamiBe hydroohloride did no* XttlfiSC3S#r tuaorv In rabbits when^^njaotedl/^fitoneally* T OF BETX-H4FHTHXLXHEE OH TXS % Toxiool* 20 , 92-3 (Jan. 1938)* Hep Prank H* Wiley. J. lad. e as in preceding ab- *. ~ '-'^y ^ Sinoe it has been shown that malignant tissue differs ffcflb normal tissue in pro ducing more laotio sold than it can oxidise, theujuotion has arisen whether the action of pure oereinoge&ie agents on the ens^wiiysteai of normal tissue might have a role la the developsent of the mallgas^slsui following the adminis tration of these materials* Such experiments were therefore made in eonneoticn with the investigations suscarised in the preceding ab^tivfo.ts. In a brief paptr the author showe that the presence of beta-oaphthylamiae^^^he media surreuni- ing kidney tad liver slioes does not influence the oxygen **ims'aptlon or respir atory quotients of those tissues in vitro* 150 XSTEli FULL "TIHG PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO SULFUR DXCKXXEt REPORT OF X CXSE. S.F* Dowling* led* ln&* Dirt. Columbia , 229 (Oetober 1937)* X case is described in ittoh asthma btat bad been latent for 17 years wes re activated by exposure to sulfur dloalde la the repair of refrigerators* References to Rsosnt Literature - 15 151 HEM3RRHAS5S IStO TEC FLOOR OF 3E FOURTH VE5TRICIS 15 DTTQXIC..TICE3 AND mm >t_ HLTICNS OF THE BR^ET. 0.Berner. Tirohows Arch* f* Hth. Anat. 295, 636 (1936). (German). Hemorrhages In the floor of the :'ourth Tent>iol of the brain were found in case: of tout* methyl aloohol intoxication, on# of carbon monoxide poisoning and one of acute polycaayelitis. The results appear to settle a oontroTtrsy about the nature of these hemorrhages, which hadf'feeen previously found only In oases of trauma, as the results indicate th^f^k hemorrhages are due to diapedesis ratfag^than trauma 152 TISSUR^St^OL 31, 167*^ (i TEe influefc been studi' ^ and oerbon replacemea level ^5f light? le^il under loir oxyg uencb o? carbon rsEanis. Lur. on the metabolism of a eariety sgpt^bferfts has The respiration was the same in d&tf^tjfivJi of oxygen s of oxygen and nitrogen*^0aV3Beotber hand, rbon monoxide increases aeroR^^fetyoolytlt to the thus indioatiag a eoghrote* infiitioa of the is partly or tqttiSlTNpeVerslble under the is- aerobic glyff^ysgp decreases in light to its 153 SE133ITI7ITT OF C12B05 UD! T3 T7RAKGER CO. ISDICATOB. Eetsel. Draegerhefta no* 192, 3 msan.) The Dracger apparatus for is of oarbon monoxide is small and reg- isters the oarbon moncxid method* It can be ua^raij tir by means of a simple oolorlmetrijerson.. By tests of ite sensitivit - with a more oomplio ioatoXv^tt was' that concentrations of 0*05% ca. bon monoxide can be detected by taj^jplor change* 154 5ELDI5IG The nCt$. Mens la ge. Mtno)^;188-91 (1937) (German), ssee the dangers inheru^'ln welddJ^ operations in closed spec:'. 1 os ions sad poisoning by oa<n|fi<'|WBbJtt4^And nitrogen oxides. Suit, nts for detection of explosive^jjje* at?iibefitioned. The aeoessary htlTt measures are fresh air agpar*tua\jft>f^Amoi ^^yeatilation, but not th of oxygen, since it renders the gasee mor*-,Ihflajffl^e. 155 ZkSlTZUZSS 0? THE IIS AED THE HARMFUL EF.TCT TBSTZ5S 05 THE SIRS CF 50SKRBS R* de Geulejae* inn* d1 hyg* publ., S44^5$h(193?). ^Then the testing of airplane motors is oondusted ia^ri protective roof, carbe: monoxide to the extent of 5*5 parte per 10,000 has bcajj^fgyad* In the open, only a trace occurs* The hasard may be eliminated by eadjawting the gas at a distance. Another hasard is defeotivs hearing which may^Ayr in * ^aw years suoh work, from the continuous noise of the motors* The remedy is to wear pro- teotlre apparatus ar to work in a closed cabin to efeloh the ^instruments are brought* ' 156 SURFACE Ai"D SE? CQBHEAL JEJliaSlTIOH (DISC SHAPED) CAUSED ST ETDROGBR SULFITE 15 CAISS05 ':oSERS or THE NORTH SEA COAST. X* Hartmann* Xlin* Hbnatsbl. f. Augenheilk* (German) 99, 466-8 (1937), Caisson wortosrs at a 3epth of 8-13 metsrs repeatedly suffered from eye inflam mation, moat frequently at levels where hydrogen sulfide we escaping froa the soil* 7h% symptoms were the occurrence of eery fine diffuse vesieles and stett* apithelial defeats, whioh healed in a few days* Prolonged eye inflasssatlons re sult fTw hydrogen sulfide oonceatratione of 0*01 to 0*02 mg* per liter. A re- lew of the literature is included* Beferenoes to Heeent Literature - 15 IS? KimnnfTS WISH HEW DRAEGER xlialZ CARTRIDGES. Frits Bengert. Draeger Soft# no* 19R, 3652-4 (1937), (German). Tho cartridge* art used in the cloaed system typo of gtt aask where oxygon is ouppliad. and carbon dioxide is absorbed in an alkali oartridge. Expariaanta to improve tha *Uli cartridge were diraotad toward battar absorption of oarboa dioxide, raduotioa of tha haat produced, and avoiding liquefaotion at high teaperaturss. Laprovsmsnts have baaa^btai aad* but father work la necessary before tha asw cartridge it put on <6$d aarket. 158 siHCSC^rria^ ESTECTioHjjF ytuzs nr tissue. W. Schwerswaoher. klin*^jKHs.ohr. ^4321-A<RW). (Gersan). autli^^dasorlw^Jic^HS^^na basic technical tpectrcasalytioa reseereh... - .v Lon in apeoial fields of nodical rat work of d ed that of Gerlaeh on oanganaaa mentioned. 159 HEW MilS (Ge poisonings on serious or K lootsing* ie chverstaad. - Ztg. ults Of abeorp experiment* in tha field sribution, detection, of* 18D CALCIUM THBRAFT IH X2AD fttOTOTV- J^Wagcr. Elia. ICohnsehr. 16, lfi3-5 (1937). (German). -- The author disagrees with^ldl^uplvBar^^^PF advooeted by Aub, Fairhall and others for depositing Jett^^S&^wgani^jind believes that sudden changes in diet will mobilite^rajbyr thafcraeposit^Uk leed. In his own aethod, fur ther exposure is>4nrjeWevented^ ant the t^ejraaat is synptoaetio at first. Since each cha^fcoif^h# nineral balaasfe eausia-aobilisation, the diet oust be changed W^ypedually. Each oha^e^ln acidg&ysmust be offset by a sore alJaling^ii^r After the first acute 'ifpgfrmM b^vjr^passed, the oalolia should l, first by gradually iaoreasS^aaeuhw'if Bilk, then by caloium i. Ibis treateest, carefully ceas^ted^^iuoes lead szoretion 'than flation* Chly after e long thimWi thd-istient return to his 41t. ~ HBIHROTIC COSTRACBD EDHST AFTER ACUTE MESCUSX fg&piHO. W. Eoeh. Ifcd. Klin. (Gemma) 33, 1669.0 (1937). A wcrtor died tone tine after an attaok of aercury yisen1tig> but had not worked with, aercury in the meantime. An autopsy dieof^sed a condition of the kidneys cerreepoading to neerotixlng nephrosis. Wldespf^i oalflhrecue and nsosrou* other oasts were present. The iMtdiate os use qf^geth was |a agnosia but otherwise the only significant findings * ere in she changes. *Bephrotio contracted kidney" was evidently the proper te.m^o apply, although no aimilar ease due to mercury pels cuing has been reported* References to Recent Literature - 17 162 HEALTH INJURIES FROM ORGANIC MERCURY COMPOUNDS. F. Eoelsch. Arch. f. Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbehyg. 8, 113-6 (1937) (German). Mercury poisoning has"^eea found in workers engaged in the production of aereury compounds used increasingly as seed disinfectants. Local irritations of the skin and mucosa and general symptoms with special effect on the nervous system are fre quent* Improvement sets in only after a few months* jas& M. Courtoia-Suffit. hop. UQ, 1665-8 (1937). (French) author *s health superviaM fa a government match factory a numbe he ^et)\baek to mriFkmasy persons excluded because of false risn. 3#^KealjtM3itiints being gum affeotions or general tr d disappeared from mat oh factories phosphorlsm simply because the pers een accomplished by health and w<m&a 1 ha sard. The author emphasis^? the technical director ea trail ed in a sion. even of coopera- 164 FA POISOH rnan) , One^eath and on? ill were investigated and 1% arsenio* When sine a reducing agent an the ar thus produced in 5 minutes. E* Saar* Sams* v* Ver s with a galvanic sine bath _ a poisoning. The bath contained ertad, the nasoent hydrogen aoted as da, producing arsine. About 40 mg. eas 165 INDUSTRIAL CADMIUM PO 'G. amoheri^'Seouritas 24, 61 (1937) (Italian.) Cadmium may be fai . BM lifTcses . uses powsrful local irritation, tends to paraly*^foi!^J4ntral nervous^byst . if inhaled, may lead to pneu- monia. In th^2aTM<b-intestinal tra^4t ha olent emetic action and eeuses degenera^Mvip,t!ie kidneys and liver's^)othe io disturbances. Cadsi'ma vapors.^SStfarro cause metal fiane fever.x^''-^ CANCER IN RADIOLOGISTS. A. 8aeUtt$> St therap. 60, 9-15 (1937) in). whole there is no relation between the^pverit^^ijdn damage ar.d the ap pet ranee or absence of cancer, which usually devel^sa fho^4 local necrosis or a small wart. Before local treatnent is tried, tha^ymph glmids and bones must examined for evidence of cancer. A radiologist notTtfpr 60 hat had to have sev eral fingers amputated at various times. Vl 167 S3PE2H2ET OE OSTEOCBIJIC SARCOMA TTITE LUNG latASTGKS CASS BT RADIUM BlttKATION 5. Hellner. Arch, f* klin. Chir. 189, 705-6 (1937). (djgjhO* A rabbit irradiated monthly at the knee# outside and inild*$^41th 45-90 mg. hr. of radium developed the firet signs of tumor in 2 years, and^died latar of lung metastases. 163 HAZARDS HC THE RADIUM AHD MSSOTHORIUM EB7INI50 PUS? AT TEE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOC? John Paul Morris* J* Ind* Hyg. tt Toxicol. 20, 38-45 (Jan* 1938). This plant has been operating since 1930, a? although the ^rkers handled a relatively large maouat of radioactive materials, precautions takan by the work ers and proteoticn provided in the plant were such that only minor injuries, such as burns, occurred. X-ray films showed that worksrs were exposed to considereble irradiation when working near high grads matarial* Tha filma also showed that workers wer# exposed to greater gamma ray irradiation whan working with aesothorltm than whan working with rnditm In the refining plant* Numerous Referenoes to Recent Literature - 18 testa for alpha particles in expir'd air wore made os all workers* they showed that the aottw material is the body ns of a transient nature* The ultimate effect of the alpha ray bombardment of the lung tissues presents a problem for future in^stigation. Another problem is that of personal susceptibility, variation in which was seen in the experiments* . 169 DTOESTIGATION OF ECZEU1 IS r:!DUSTRIAIrfDER2AT0SES. 0* Niesoher* Schweit* lied. TTehn^chr. 67, 833-4 (1937). (GerwSSL Tha^a^thor and his colleagues htfSretvtfied the question of disposition to e tea4^nd ttie eaih of sensit|**tiq4' Sfcrked Individual differences were ^fo ' in ttoehold wiuts for jmyS^oxic substances* Some people neutralism on thex rs very slowly, A delayed neutrali* dffnifie greater' state is found la persons w*th indflj lecterns. Suoh persl > hired in industriee where they eed to alkalies xoes thst produce eoteaa. k slmd&Aoipi* eannot be demoni 170 mBfJkt&'ZXi OILS* 0* Sopf eohverstand.* Ztg* S3, .937). (i injuries from' oils lered, with reports of experi ments on s naummbbeer of tone ooour in the industries employing mineral oil, similar effects* Be bacteria of Interest were found and patch and rubbing tests p*ve negative results* Fujrtbl^^^Sstigations led to the oonolusion that the cause of oil ao&e is to be(^Sa^chiejB@)in certain hydrocarbons, especially in the viscous oils* lnluj&xand irritation eausod by the work process plays* a pss^NS^re theH^easeN^^nars to a greater extent in aecal in dustries than i^teli^bfineries^ F^rsond^imh oily sldn (seborrhea) apparency have a disp^srad^^o oil acne* Prevejitionj^^qn, seems to involve personal hygiene^oWMliSess, defatting sndtiWidanoe of mechanical irritation xhe ueeSf'iSffteotive salves eontaini$}pv^es a certain amount of pro- _ PHYSICAL iL12ROT AS AH OCCUBATI ^ . T SHOULD BE COMRrSABLT Luce* Arch, f. Gewerbepathol* u* Gewerbfe^J> (1937). (German), The author reports a oase of "heat allergy9, xn ehioh us skin effeots, with weakness and rise of temperature, were produoed^L'a ce o worker exposed to heat from *n oven* The literature on "physical ai^^ies is discussed* 172 INDUSTRIAL SOT DISEASES. A Setary. Preset asd*, 132<^ (1937). (French). The author elaetifiej industrial skin diseases as theNgfJfrt appear without pre disposition aad those that occur only with predispositiq^g) Among the former are those caused by heat, oold, chemical irritant* and bkqM^iaj the latter in clude the remaining industrial ectames. Neoplasms are not'inoludod in either oategory* 173 ECZEMATOUS SOT DISEASES IN CALICO PRINTIN'} AND S2PERSCBTS 01 AN INDUSTRIAL CROSS SECTION NITH "FUNCTIONAL SKIN TESTS*" N'. Heim#* Arch* f* Gewerbepathol. u* Gewerbehyg. 8, 156-93 (1937) (German)* This paper describea an investigation of 226 worimrv in a calico printing estsbllstaent using predominantly aso dyes* Eoseaa was found to various degrees in different departeents* The feat red salts were found most harmful, aad sodlim ohrcoato caused some reaetione* The "axis function tests3 are of value, but an exhaustive history is necessary in doubtful cases. Signs of aailin poisoning may appear after a few hours' work with aailin black* References to Heoent Literature - 19 174 IMFORtAXE OF AHAJ31ESIS IN A LASTING CUBS OF ECZEMA. L. Hauoh. Jfrd. Klin. 33 1321-4 .(1937). (German). --* Th author report* a series of cases of allergic eesema, the causes of idiioh were ery difficult to detenaine. One eas traced to a furniture polish, another to "transpulmin" and a third to a washing powder. IAL JAUNDICE AS AN OCCUFAt Now. 27, 1937). I SEISE. J.A.K.A. Paris letter) iper by Ji yr ' spiraohaetosis ioterohaeaorrhagica frequently the men drank water from contaminated. 176 INFECTIOUS 257-61 (19 THE. W. Schults. Aartsl* Saohve Ztg. S3, The autho: coop case iustrial infections diseai 1 occurred aostl: .so described. nneotion with German ustrial nurses, but s 177 FA^DGSBSSIS OP COAL' Augenhtllk* 99, 491- rtfJS. L, sad A.G.ttlrcnda* Monatsbl. f. The authors Saw found n: Their observations do from the ooal, as Zeiss bol: lualnstlon from the press important ` 1US /: especially there aentilstlon is poor. Ttion whether nyetapsus is oaueed by gas it is the effeet of deoreased illither oeee, proper sir renewal is 178 DISEASES OF THE BONES AN& JOffiTS H.B. de la Caai Welt (German)' .12. This paper. ef but coaprehens in ainlae^i$fties caused by it, tree- ths^dSl Ma^seen s progression of ths dl Gernsa oases hss varied betail QBE NITS COMPRESSED AIR TOOLS. (1937). jrork with ooapressed air tools asatlon. the author states atios of work. Tha con- ULITY OF WORKERS USING PNEUMATIC DRILLS.<^ Lancet 2, 1296-9 . 4, 1937). ^_ A condition of Raynaud's phenomenon was found in^Ejfegups of warfare who had ased pne\soatlo machines of varying types for 2 jeers er^lbM. Hsohines haring a peris; iolty of 2,300 strokes s minute affected all the wori^sreoiaing them? other fre quencies caused fewer oases* Radiological eainaticur closed bone changes, especially *bone cysts" or sress of lcoslised abeorptib beon in the carpal and astaesrpal bones* 130 SIGNIFICANCE OF FLUIDS AND CHLORIDE IN IS EFFICIENCY OF TORSERS W HOT TRADES. G* Lehmann and A* Stskali. Arbeitsphysiol. 9, 630-62 (1937) (Geraan). Experiment* were aade with,a young worker aooustoaed to hot work; in pert of the experiments he was given all the liquids he could drink. Water consumption in creased ability, to the greatest degree at 36C. room temperature. At 46& the beneficial effeet disappeared. Salt water had lees effeet than plain water. Liquid intake had no adverse effeet on heart and eiroulstion, up to 31C., but at higher temperatures only a part of the water is excreted# so that ths exoess oauses an additional burden cn the circulation. Dilution with salt water is less unfavorable them with plain water. Increase of sweating was parallel with in* creased ability to work resulting from liquids* References to Recent Literature - 20 131 cnLCP.za: 1ET130LISM OF WORKERS IT HOT XNDCSTRIES. 0. Lehmann end A* Ssaksll, Arbeitsphysiol* 9, 653-7? (1937). (German). Experiments siairar to the preceding were made on a worker unaccustomed to heat, at a temperature of 370C. In the training period, the increased ability to work caused by dumping water or salt water was very slight. Rather, an adaptation to hot work in the nature of an alteration^of the chloride metabolism was apparently taking^place. Other experiments ahqwjm that a notable chloride depletion does not<^auee any decrease in abtllty>^so^ttie amount of sweat and of chloride oreta^^e scarcelfsaffected. Eowrfti the chloride depletion eauses a slight jury to^5>culatita\ shows ments iV^m^fouzt^^n.t increase is body temperature. In other supply of chloride seems less deoisl' chloride Glance, chloride excreted in sweat is conoj 132 ADAPTATION ITRY. G. Lehmans and A Stalall. hysiol 678-705 (193 SxperiaenlS^Msn^MM on traii^irfg&gifed he^recei-re'i g worker unaccustomed tr^heaiis^ After a preperater4 grams of chi Several trials re pefjA^^^gaTe simil eluding a geaAdS^feqSue of healthy increase in ptu&l :**te, headache' of weakne^Q^v^ar a gradual increase of salt he Sid good work on 10` dai: uthora attribute this increase primarily to the effect' a to iaoreaeed chloride intake* Additional experiments, t r witfffTOaAe in the preceding papers, q*de it pos sible to separate the syap hest training frem those due to lack of chloride, Impoverishing t> e cccdtntratlon affects the muscles rather favorably and increases .ty*N/^r5Uhtraincd persons, however, the fallin concentration of GIcqj well as severe se. mafjKto Isolating system of the heart, as toms V^riakink^HfJt water is thsrsfore recommended an may prevent serj^^lijuries when unexpected ;h performances of the non- adapted orga required. Saitohs' appears <J*^g>a'e? is not necessary feet on any heart injury that tried* Drinks taken durir.r work in small portions and tl n should not exceed hal: rat lost. fTNES AGAINST TS C012I0N COLD: ARE THET tf*2EE TPW HEALTH PECGRAi:? D. Bristol* Am* J* Publio Health 27, 987-9QL)'(Oct Six groups of industrial workers, totalling over ! ,ssB1*'e treatad with 7*c- cines. The treatment was available over a numb# itrs* There was little ductlon in the inoideaoe of colds, but their aever >nd duration wero reduced A program of prevention, especially among those most susceptible, should be en- couraged. . o>