Document bBOJeYEoKDrkzVxrJeRzjRY8y

.......................... II.HI MlI II--I LI A1A051 LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC NIW VOftK. N. V. 10017 Jim 1C, 1966 To: All Nnbtn of the lead laduatrlea AuocUtlas, 2he. Attached far your Inforaatlca la a eopy of the atataarot given on behalf of the lead Znduatrlea Aaaoclatloo by Mil S. Woraeer to the Senate Subccanlttee 00 Air aad Water Pollution 00 Tbur*day, June 9. Thla la being aent to you aa a natter of laforaatlce. W were requeated by Senator Muatle to preaeot thle atateaent aa part of bla hearing* 00 the general avfeject of air pollutloo. lead Me only aoe af the aany aaterlala and aetala cooaldered by the 8uh- coaadttee. Very truly your*. DCiav encloaura Darid M. Borelna Secretary aad Treaaurar W m,u-m 9m ........... I II I pPWpWWWWWiiiWWiiiiie i^mpi i mwr LIA14052 -falulT (For hlHM co DaUr*17) Statement co behalf cf LEAD rSDUBTRUS ASSOCIATE* 292 Madlaco Avenue Ikv Tork, I. I. 10017 fey mix ZDQAIt WOFMSXX Consultant and former L.1X President Before STacommg o b a ir a id w a t er p o l l o t ic m i U. B. Senate Cosnittee co PtAilic Work* "! Thursday, Jua* 9, 1966 i4 Hr none 1* falls Edgar Worassr. X lira la Greenwich, Coon. I > 1 consulting mining engineer vltb o engineering degree and an honorary doctorate, aad X aa appearing bafors you 00 behalf at tba Lead Industries Association. X helped organise the lead Industries Asaoclatloo io 1926, became It* first secretary and ultimately it* prealdent. X aa also a retired lea president of the 8t. Joeepfa Lead Caspany, a former trustee of Colurtla University, a fellov of the American Asaoclatloo for tba Advancement at Selene*, and held tba office of Assistant Secretary at tba Interior for Mineral Resources during President Eisenhower'a first tera. Currently X aa chains* cf the Engineering Council cf Colxag>la University. tba credentials X bring to this cosolttee are those at a lifetime involvement with lead and lead problems. Including tboea of public health, as well aa aa association with asuyr distin guished aesher* of the medical profession specialising in scientific research and lead toxicology. Tour committee, Mr. Chairman, has already dooe much to stimulate necessary Immediate action and equally important continuing research 00 the problems safeguarding the air of our cities and country*Ids. The lead industry's 1 epgpea">.ineiim! va.st.em. usasa)-1 an 1 N 3481.01 I pf LIA14053 i rfr*jii T F. Z. Worn* *r ZtatsMat 8 loot tla* efforts are la accord with your Objective*. Our Association aad Individual companies la our Industry bev* developed ead supported extensive effort over the poet several decadet to understanding the role aad coctroi of lead expoeure* la both Industrial aad pihllc enrlrcoMnt*. The foraatloc of the Lead Zaduatrl** At toe letloo wt tnlqua la that It embraced participant* fren both producer* aad ecnsiaers, that It mining companies, smelting aad rtflalof companies, aad aaaufacturer* of lead contain' lac product*, including lead anti-knock compound*. This rtwain* the etruetur* =; of the Aetocletloc today. A central Objective of the A*toe letloo vat aad 1* to research lead la all varieties of application aad effect* aad to dltsealnst to the public the knowledge so gained. Lead la among the moet cannon metals of the earth'* cruet aad therefor* occur* naturally nearly everywhere. It It mined cc b mrclally la 10 rtatai. 1h* United States aloo* uttt about 1,200,000 teas of lead vlth a 'value, at today' prices of $360,000,000. Lead possesses unique physical qualities vhlch make It an effective Mtal la Important social, public safety aad utllltarlaa usee. Among these are radletloo shielding fre* the X-ray rooa to stole energy lastallatlcoe, Insulating building* agslntt aoltet aad 3 vlhratloos, prowlding packaged power la the font of storage batteries, electric : aad crane inleatlon cable shielding, eolderlng In coders electronic manufactur ing, aad a* an additive to gasoline to give higher perfornsac* aad greater fuel economy for civilian and military use. ibut, lead 1* a highly useful aetal la our society] It give* esploynent to tboueead* at people] and it provide* comfort aad security to million* In Its aany applications, for these reasons, e full understanding of any relationship of lead to tbs health of people working In lead Industries aad of the general public Is essential. Health and aalety are Batter* of paramount Importance to ut la the lead Industry. * J_____ I P mmmmrmm wmmmm imw trar iiimra tmiilr' fniimn' Or aip i ii ^j iv^ npptm 7, Z. Wor--tr Stat--ont 3 At o m of tbe world's oldest known aad used --tala, tbs sffeots of exposure to lead have boon studied for years -- rightfully nod aecsssarlly. food lika oo --ay slawnt* la nature possesses tootle properties, tbere are few existences, however benign la tbelr general uses, that do act bare side effects or tootle affects la x m people when misused or abused. tte Maher of eases of serloue Ulneee aad death that occur la this country each year froa the eleuae aad overuse of ordinary drugs la a good exaaple. With potentially toxic substances, the answer la ter-- of pxhlle bealtb Is tvofoldt c--, knowledge gained through research into physiological reaction aad response aad, tvo, controls appropriate to the veil-being of the populace. Because of the obvious need to learn everything possible aboit the naalfestetlcr of the tootle properties of leed la Its chemical sad physical ferns fron tbs standpoint of public protection aad self-interest, tbe lead Industry la 1925 nade a great to tbe Harvard Medical 8chool for aa exhaustive study of lead's effect oo sen under tbe leadership of tbe renowned Dr. Joseph C. Aub. Absolutely no strings were ettached to tbe grant and the barrard Medical School was given complete freedon In --ling Its lnrestlgstlon aad in --king tbe results public. The sole concern of tbe Industry la these studies was tbe develop--nt of scientific sad hygienic truth. Brer since tbe for--tlon of tbe lead Industrie* Association, tbe prograa of --dlcal research has continued aad expaaded without any change In tbe basic broad gaugs policy Initially enunciated -- to seek tbe truth. Since 1923 scientists who later for--d the staff of Bettering Laboratory of tbe University of Cincinnati have been eieged In the Investigation of various aspects of tbe occurrence end behavior of lead la tbe externa1 environ--nt and In tbe hu--a eyetea. Tbe Association has endorsed this work fron the outset. Xn addition financial sad technical support has go-- to wsrous r*r p p i'wpn iw * j t mw hi m w w p m"m iipw Jh f. ..... i i * i m *am LIA 1A055 >jrs* ^imnn r. I. VoraMT 8ft inant % universities for specialised lead research. lb* lead Industrie* Association b*lpe flaanc* tb* Kettering abstracting **rvic* covering articles on lead appearing la tb* Medical end technical publications of tb* world end dlrtrlb* uf these on quarterly taiti. Research project* under tb* direct auspices of tb* load Industries A*ocl*tloo have been relatively few, bowvsr, conpared with research activities we bar* stlMulsted through our "***4" project* and aacourageamt of *ffort* by otbr*. fjor prograas b** b**n undertaken by tb* Mirtl governnetit, Individual ccnpenies la and associated with tb* l*ed Industry, aad by private end public r****rcb Institution* -- la largt part, v* believe, b*caua of tb* Initiative taken by our Association. Tbara 1* d o doubt la ay *lad that al*-diagnosis aad earlier leek of knowledge any bav* taduly Increased public concern about lead. A* aa officer of tb* lead Industries Aaaoclatloo Z recall investigating personally ea*e affr c**e of prea* report* alleging lead a* tb* caua* of daaaga where lead va* sot even u**d or Involved. I wish tb*re were tlae to relaf to you aoae of ay adventure# In Investigating tbeee cases. Because of mj work la tbla field, Z i lavltad (though ay doctorate was not In medicine) to address tbe Seventh Aaaual Congress oa Zadurtrlal Baalf la Boatoa la 19^ KT position then, aa it la today, la that thorough scientific drt*raisetloo b* aad* b*for* lead la eltad aa a causa of Injury or death. Oa tb* subject of lead Intoxication la children. It la appropriat* that X aeatloo LIA's rupporfd research at the Children'a Medical Center In Boston, Harvard Medical School, Johns Bopklas Medical School aad tba University of Cincinnati. This work baa vastly d*p*s*d our knowledge aad provided guideline* for corrective action. The Aatrlean Standards Association working with our Association ha* specified a Halt oa lead content for Interior paint*, tba Manufacturer* of children's furniture aad toys no longer use lead paints I PUHWWPP IP LIA14Q56 i^ltoma^l*ateU*aUtmaie >* <imtftimri>n-iimi^r < n 'Ui'mi r t. X. Vormser lUtint la their product*. The action of tb* paint Industry, plus tb* vigilance of public health official*, ha* achieved frt ucc*. Much early research In lead, of court*, vu aimed at guarding tb* health cf tbo* who** work la Industry InrolTed high exposure to lead. Thrwgb the technique* of tb* industrial hygienist *d sound plant engineering, occupstlocal batards can now be controlled and enroided. Since the goal of tb* Industrial hygienist Is prevention Much research has gone Into the determination of per missible level* of occupational closure to lead. Continuing etudle* in i Industry, correlated with controlled exposure research with himen subject*, provide the basis for the widely accepted permissible levels sad standards In Industry today, these levels and standards are accepted by all state and local goversaental agencies having jurisdiction. Careful research has mad* It possible to determine safe occupational i \ exposures to lead In the l-'du.-trlal plant air. furthermore, ty measuring the aaount of lead In the blood and urine of workers, It 1* easily possible to avoid exposure* that may approach an undesirable level. from th* viewpoint of your Senate Subccmmlttee, however, tb* current question concerns the general public. Definitive studies over th* years have ` hewn that th* average person take* In and eliminates tiny quantities of load In the food he eats, tb* water be drinks and th# air he breathe*, lb*** extensive studies have also shown that In th* absence of unusual exposure, human cxitput of lmad Is th* same as th* Intake. On th* average, nost of this intake -- about 9 percent -- comes frem food and drink and about 10 percent from th* air. It is the lmtter that 1 most pertinent to these hearings. JMSJU. i'll H 'J? 'wvum. mj ij '1 tern- < I " ill in IM'i wimp**. -MMftoi.! IIII n f (-IA14057 t. X. Vornasr 8tat--sot Sans lead gets Into the air frcn Industrial processing and natural wind disturbances of the earth's aurfaca. Hscently attention baa baan directed toward laad uaad aa a gasoline additive and frcn ttolch acne load ecnpcamds ara emitted with auto w&nust. And hara I should Motion that laad anti-knock ccnpound* do not Influence tbe foreetloo of jfcotocbealcal. snog. This fact was astahlished la a study at Midwest Research Zoatltuta and reported la Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.* j Anti-knock co^cuads perform a most useful fleetloo. la removing "knock" they greatly liqxrowe the efficiency of fuel, aaklnd possible today1 a blab . caapressloo automotive engines. they also conserve a precious natural rwtcurce, Petroleum, by aaklnt gasoline go much furtbar than it would without thaaa additives. Anti-knock compounds hara been subjected to e:&au*tlve aedlcal research both here and abroad for over ho years. One of tbe aarllest of these medical research effects was performed with the participation of tbe federal Oovernoent and publlcatloo of these early teet results was wade by tbe 8urteoo Oeneral of tbe O.S.P.H.8. la 1926. This work Involved tbe examination of (roups of workers in tbe gasoline Industry and groups of others vbo were using tbe new leaded gaeollne, and tbe Surgeon General's expert coenlttee of doctors and aclantlsts reported that there was no batard to tbe public la the use of this new product. But tbe committee cautiously and properly recosnended that the question continue to be studied sad watched -- aad this baa bees done. Vie aoet recant, sod moet intensive, of these studies was reported last year by tbe U.8. Public Health Service and is known as tbs 8urry of lead la tbe Ataoepbere of three Orbao Cocnunltlea (PBS Publlcatloo Ho. 999 AP-12). Its findings, baaed on comprehensive Investigations of air-boras lead and April, 1958. T" ' > 1 1 mii^ine'i 1 1 pav-env r. X. Vorassr Btateasnt 7 biological sailing of a total of 2,300 psopls In Los Angeles, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia, again confine the fact that lead content of the air la lov and doee not constitute a public health hasard. The report further supports and augments the data ccapllsd by the Xatlcoal Air Stapling letwerk lndlcatlnf no lacreaee In lead concentrations In the air of three citlea over the laat five years. In 00a city, Cincinnati, the trend In fact baa bean downward a Inca the late lpltO'a showing that lncraaaed gasoline uae doaa not nacaaaarlly reault la lncraaaed concentration of lead In the air. thla PBS atudy Included a broad acala buaaa sailing program to aatabllah parallel biological data. The biological staple obtained revealed no algniflcant accuailatloo of lead In people. In addition the Uhltad let loot World Health Organisation pt&llcly stated laat Deceahen 'lo Increase la lead ccotaalnatlon la found by VBO Investigation." The VBO atudy conducted In 16 countries. Including the U.8.A., vaa coordinated by Or. Leonard J. Goldstar of Coliafcla University. The atudy group reported that there has been no Increase la lead contamination la the laat two decades, further, VBO said, the results of recent Investigations of lead content In the bunan body and of dally Intake through air, food and water do not differ greatly frcn those shown by older Investigations. If there has bean any change, the report says. It would appear that at present nan la exposed on the whole to leas lead la his enrlrosatent than he wa twenty years ago, although greater tonnages are new used In Industry and actor fuel additives. Becsuss of these letter uses the report suggests that we not he complacent, and In this we concur as Is demonstrated In for^rd-going studies on lead In the enrlrocnsnt. The amount at research on lead dene and published, the significance of this, the Interpretation of Its waning* to the public, and the contributions aads to the lead working Industry as well as the general public is so vast ii i Miuiiiiiii i wx ' . `t j 2 P. I. Nonitr Btat unt 0 that Z can do d o more than indicate here the general results. But (11 of the fact* leading to *y generalised statements btve been published at length for ; tba whole scientific aad medlosi caasunity to road, study end act 1900 tor greeter safety measures. tbs most aarioua challenge that X bava board Is that continued studies 'abould be made} tbat we should not ba complacent is what wa bava laaroad. Iba aaad to knew in greeter datail more about tba envirooaental distribution of load was brought out quit* clearly at tba recently bald Byapoaiui on Land sponsored by tba Unitad States Public Health Service, Division of Air Pollution, la Washington. And in tbia ve of tba land industry wholeheartedly agree, aad wa agree by continuing not Just our own airport of lo&apendent research but by encouraging all others to do likewise. In coocluslcn Z should Ilka to State, more Is known about tba biological effects of lead tban about alnost any other air-borne substance. Zt is one of the most thoroughly Investigated areas in tba field of air pollution and - health. Ihest points are aada to siqppart the fact that there la probably no natal about which ao nuch is known in relation to individual aad general 1- health. Cta the basis of this scientific knowledge Z can positively assert that lead constitutes no public health hazard In America today. Bevertheless, ccotlnued research on lead aad its significance to buaan beings is necessary and desirable and is being carried out. Among research projects, recaaaended by our nedloal advisors, in various phases of planning and preparation, it a continuation of tbs "Three Cities Burrs/," also a fundamen tal Investigation of the biochemical basis of the function of lead aad In particular the nechanlsa by which It brings about changes} research into i bone narrew biopsy as a measure of the total body lead burden and neuro physiological affects from lead exposure. 3 . - -J* tSlrfliHei li I LIA14060 ji'wwnuipi iij w ii i iwp L IA14061 f V