Document bBJnxYxBxXMQ3dkwE8wMy8KE6

r coft jro. FROCZSS BOR TKX FRQOTCTZON 0? AROCLORS, FTRANOU, XTC. AT TUB ANNISTON AND AT TES W. 0. CROTKRXCB FLAXT April 1955 X. Hither C Distribution Llet (emended July 19, 1956) 1. Hr. J. S. Brough, London ' 2. XT. N. B. Dyson, Newport * Newport T.Z.Z. file 5. Hr. 0. V.'Teylor, Newport 4. Hr, 0. V. Taylor, Newport * Newport Froeess Superintendent 5. Hr. V. Z. Hemer, Ruabon ' 6. Mr. J. 7. Stlekley, St. Louis * Cruosnrleh Flint 7* Mr.-J. R. StlcJdey, St. Louis * St. Louis Llbnry 6. MCL file it St. Louis 9. Mr. D. B. Hoseer, Anniston 10. Spire held In M.C.L. file it St. Louis ' 11. Dr. V. A. Hayward's file Ruahon also Section ZZ, Specifications and Test Methods, to Newport Analytical Department. TOWOLDMON0046051 WATER_PCB-00037028 I VI. PROCESS IN DETAIL, contd. VI - 34 Process Detail Packing The finished Aroclers are run off into drums, a piece of diape~ cloth being tied on the pipe outlet for the lighter~Aroclors, and a piece of fine gauze for the heavier Aroclors, which have to be handled hot. This, of course, la to arrest stray bits of pipe scale etc., but the precaution Is now omitted at the Krummrleh plant when material: are being filled1 directly from the delivery of the filter. Newpor. arrangements for filling and weighing drums are discussed in Londo: Engineering Pinal Report, September 1951# page 2D8 and 1 P2-10, also in the start-up reports, July 24, and September 27, 1951. The drums must be clean and dry, especial care being needed with electrical grades. Newport complaint NP/61, November 1951, of turbidity in 1248 was traced to the presence of water in the drums. Apparently, in presence of water, the Aroclor reacted on the galvanizing of the drum. Newport plant, report, December 1951, mentions the installation of equipment for drying the drums. . Care is taken hot to do any packing if there is HC1 fume in the air The gaskets for the bungs of the drums have to be correctly chosen. A sample of the gaskets supplied by the Melrath Supply & Gasket Co. to,the Krummrieh plant was sent to HCL, April 19^7. See also the ^,^dlacussica.of!J,gaaJceis^jOiv-pag4L'-23^->''Seetion*:-lT-i'^b-l-bi>r:.-r-*'^*,ai-'*''~^c-i- Hr. Pemberton, December 1950, collected samples cf the labels used at -the Xrummrich plant; cne a patent list label, and the other a warning label on toxicity. The effect of expoaure of Arodora to metal contact is discussed In Section VII,*comments, page 17 below. Generally speaking, the distilled Aroclors are packed in galvanized drums, the undlstllled ones in black steel drums. Flaked or milled solids were packed in barrels or Leverpae containers, bulk solid or resinous Aroclors go out in friction type lid drums, (galvanized for the distilled grades). Storage and blending of the distilled Aroclors is done in steel vessels sprayed with tin or zlr.c, or aluminbm lined. ADM 00253( 47 TOWOLDMON0046052 WATER_PCB-00037029 ) VI. PROCESS IK DETAIL, contd. vi - y Process Detail Packing, eontd. Since the Aroclora are such effective advent# they damage, and are damaged by, ordinary paint#, lacquers. Insulating varnishes, ei This feature 1# important In connection with hydraulic fluid# * containing Aroclora. See, for example, MCL Research Progress repoi 1151, DP 5V26/7 and DP 54/277/6 and 1152 DP 4/16/7 and 8 July 195* etc., alao the Section ZXI, Physical & Chemical data, above. Drums for electrical grades of Aroclora are not painted. Newport Plant Technical Committee meeting, April 14, 1953, page 2, reported some promising tests with lacquered drums for electrical grades. It was decided not to use lacquered drums for resinous Aroclora on a returnable basis, because the lacquer suffered at the high temperatures likely to be used in melting the material fro the drums. _ Aroclora also are dispatched in rail cars. At the Krummrich plant the manhole of the ear is protected by a tarpaulin tent during fill; Newport plant report for July 1954 mentions the installation of tank-filling facilities. The Krummrich plant operating instruction: August-10, 1954 mention that rail cars for Pyranols and Aroclora are Insulated and have either a steam coll or a steam Jacket. They . are lined with Aluminium or else sprayed with tin and zinc. Only dry air is used for unloading. MCC have a "Christmas Tree" fitting, a one piece fitting carrying air valve, dip pipe, release valve `cfralr. the coll cr Jacket of the rail tank in cold we&oher. Galvanized ` or lacquered drums are used for Pyranols. ACH OC253 48 TOWOLDMON0046053 WATER_PCB-00037030 XI. HAZARDS Toxicity . There irt many literature referenees*to harmful affects of the ty= of "chlor acne" resulting from exposure to chlorinated diphenyls** especially in eases where people working with small electrical com ponents have been exposed to the fumes of hot, highly chlorinated, Aroclors. Chlor acne Is sometimes aecottpnled by gastric troubles * and there are literature references to liver troubles."" ** There was some trouble of this kind among the production workers aAnniston In the early days of the development of the Aroclors. At that time highly chlorinated Aroclors were being made from dlpheny: which had come from low grade benzene. Since good benzene has bee: used, the same Aroclors have been made without trouble. In March : it was reported that the Anniston diphenyl and Aroclor plants had ; 12 years without lost time accident. Prom the start of Aroclor manufacture at the Krunsnrlch plant the operators have been supplied a clean change of clothes every day, ' and time has been allowed at the end of the shift for bathing. Operators are advised to wash hands and face before eating. The Anniston operators do not have the same Issue of dean clothes. ' * Percy May, "Chemistry of Synthetic Drugs" , 3rd edition, page IS The "Chemist Analyst", September 19*7, Volume 36, No.2 page 33, --And v& v te r-,~-AnnSatoiv-piant/ -iS2?y^i on the toxicity of diphenyl. " MCC Bulletin P-ll3/ientionstD?p^to 1.0 mg. per cbm In air ae the highest safe -concentration of higher Aroclors, and 10 sg. lor more-highly chlorinated Aroclors. -. H. B. Edklns "Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology", page l-*9 give 0.5 to 1.0 mg. as the allowable limit in working rooms. The MCC Bulletin "Physical Properties of Aroclors" mentions sys temic effects arising from the oral Injection of Aroclors. See the letters, S. Mather to P.J.C.Haywood, December 17, 1951, ; Mather to Newman, January 8, 1952, reviewing the literature on t: toxicity of Aroclors. See also correspondence relating to the article. In Chem. k Sbvg. 3 May 17, 195^i pages 2038 and the warning labels mentioned on page VI-34 above. A DP. C02S32 49 . TOWOLDMON0046054 WATER_PCB-00037031 s g. HAZARDS, contd St. Louis, M&m Office Mr. P. J. C. Haywood Newport (Airmail) ce: Mr. Mr. Or. Mr. S. M. Kulifay, Brass Dr. D. S. Weddell, St. L Mr. F. T. Karahall, St. December 11, 1951 AROCLORS: iTQgCITY Since writing to you on Deceaber 3rd I have come across a letter of aine to Mr. V. M. Cooper, London, June 24, 19^8, (copies to V.D.S., W.H.G., and others), calling attention to an article in the J. T. 3aker Company's "Chemist Analyst", Volume 26, No. 2, page 33, September 1947. I attach a copy of this article, and I think you will ,, .^^.*agreeLv^haic-tha^Ka^ftg--Teiates--Rl-y->to'--r*sily ^ad'exptrafifr*~' not such as should occur in ordinary analytical work. On October 27, 19^7 Mr. Barbre of the Krurmrieh plant sent a copy-of the Journal to Dr. Jenkins at Annistcn for comment. Dr. Jenkins did not make any comments at. the time, but the following extract from Mr. Barbre'a letter is inter esting: "During the 11 years of production here only one man evidenced dermatitis. He had also . shown similar symptoms in several other departments. When making Aroelor #1270 which is flaked, a noticeable amount of fine fume solidifies in the air. Zf men are exposed to it during hot humid weather, the skin is irritated, but we have not had any difficulty in curing eases of dermatitis from it". ACM oc So _ Mather TOWOLDMONOQ46055 WATER_PCB-00037032 U - HAZARDS, contd. XI -: H424TX '^ The Chemist Analyst, Vol. 35, No. 2, page 33# J. T. Baker Chemical Co., Bhillipsburg, n. j! September 19^7 * ON THE TOCCITY OF THE "AROCHLORS" (ale) Robert M. Brown, Chief . Industrial Hygiene Section, Division of Health * ' Dept, of Publle Welfare, City of St.Louis,-Mo. A recently published article (Magllo, H. -Martin, Chemist Analyst, 55 94- (19^6) ), has recommended the substitution of one of the "Arochlors" as the melting-point bath liquid in preference to the customary sulphuric acid. As stated in that article "Arochlors" are a group of chlorinated diphenyls produced by the Monsanto Chemical Company. - There is need therefore to give warning. ?or the toxicity of these compounds has been repeatedly demonstrated, both from the standpoints of their absorption from the Inspired air, as well as from their effects in produ c-lng a serious and disfiguring dermatitis when allowed to remain in contact with the skin. Since these effects have been repeatedly observed. Industrial hygienists have taken care to see that the proper controls have been established wherever these products are used. ?or example, the maximum allowable concentration of chlorinated diphenyl for an 8-hour working day is 1 milligram per cubic meter of air. It is probable that nothing like an uncontrolled industrial expo sure will occur in the laboratory. However, whether an individual is subjected to a possible acute exposure to chlorinated diphenyl, and its serious consequences, will depend upon the size of the melting-point bath, the caution with which it is used, and the temperature to which it may be heated. Likewise, with careless - handling of the material and the resulting contamination of the . ,skln, clothing, laboratory towels, work table surfaces, etc. the way is left open for the producing of dermatitis. Scrupulous ' cleanliness must be insisted upon wherever this raterial is handled X The foregoing remarks have been prompted by the belief that in re commending the use of a material with which is associated a potent!: hazard from the health standpoint, it is very important that the possible consequences be presented together with recommendations fo: correct handling. " ADM 002 B TOWOLDMON0046056 WATER_PCB-00037033 XI. HAZARDS, eontd. ) xx - H&z&r Mr.'A. C. W. Pennington of Newport, reporting on his American tour, December 29, 1950, page 5, writes: " "HEALTH AND SAPETY": "At Anniston, no special protective clothing is provided f the Diphenyl and Aroelors operators. A daily change of clothing was provided in the past but this practice ceased before the war Oauntlet leather gloves and faee shields are, of course, availab as required on the plant. . " Tins of cold cream ointment, theatrical quality, are to 1 in the building, but the application of the cream is left to the operator's decision of the Job in question. The men are expected take a bath, in their own time, at the end of the shift. A good quality soap, and alcohol for rubbing down purposes,' are provldec The operators are sufficiently trained In the need for personal cleanliness that a record of bath taking is not warranted. "Emergency showers are provided oh eaeh floor of the Dipher. building and safety notices are widely used. "At St. Louis, Plant 5, the Aroelors building is rated a toxic department. Each operator is provided with a complete set of clothing comprising hat, coat, trousers, combination under clothes, socks and rubber shoes. A clean change of clothing, except shoes, is placed in the operator's locker in time for the following shift. Ken working extra shifts are given a clean set of clothing. Canvas gloves and goggles are provided and 'Ply* hand barrier cream is available for use when necessary. "Twenty minutes' paid time is allotted for bathing at the end of the shift but, again, no record is kept that baths are actually taken. Theoretically, food is not allowed to be eaten within the Aroelors building. Instructions are Issued that hands and face should be washed well before eating. "Employees in tonic departments are given an annual medical examination and a lung X-ray every three years.". adk 52 E TOWOLDMON0046057 WATER_PCB-00037034 g. HAZARDS, contd XI - p Hazards Toxicity, contd. A good deal of work has bn dona on determination of the va-our pressure of the Aroelors, and on the determination of/coneentratic of Aroelors In air. See pages 9-* Section XII, above, for a sums; of this work. In 1950 (letter April 20, N. P. Happs to E. Mather) the Admiralty expressed Interest In the determination of miero-quantities of Aroelors. MCC have a method for the determination of traees in air by means of the "Halidometer". . Mr. Ellenburg, March 15# 195^# mentions work done by H. B. FI chart Jr., of MCC, June 17# 1953# on the determination of the eoncentrat of Aroelors In air. Mr. Ellenburg also states: ----- work on the safe limits of Aroelor vapour concen tration in air Is being carried on by the Medical Department at the Kettering Laboratories In Cincinnati. This work on . animals Is well under way# and will help us to taow a little better Just-what Is the safe limit of Aroelor Vapours that one might work In." A question has been asked about the possible harm to plants If Aro< containing paints are used In greenhouses. The reply is that most paints are somewhat harmful# and there Is no evidence that Aroelor: make them worse. Aroelors have been used as rabbit repellents# wi*. out doing any harm to vegetation. ` Care Is needed In laboratories etc. where Aroelors are used In heating baths; there should be very positive ventilation. The vapours of hot Aroelors are distinctly Irritating to eyes and nose above a concentration of about 3 mg per cbm in air. Newport plant report for December 1951 records burns by hot Aroelor -- a case of a splash Into a man's eye -- without serious damage. Packages of Aroelors leaving thfe Krummrlch plant bear a label call!, attention to possible toxic effects. 53 ADH COi 1 TOWOLDMON0046058 WATER PCB-00037035 ) XI. HAZARDS, coritd. n-t Hazar: Pire Hazards Diphenyl, of eourse, will bum, and rtasonabla care is needed In handling It. Precautions with toluene are mentioned also on pages VI-29, and under "Special Risks", below. The Aroclors are handled as If non-inflammable. Drums of material are melted In the middle of the operating building, by open gas* flames, and open gas flames are freely used to heat pipe lines. An instruction, dated April 28, 1948, calls for a dally inspection of safety showers, fire extinguishers and gas masks, a check list being provided. Flanged joints on Aroclor heating system can be a source of fume. . See the notes on gaskets, page 2, Section XII, below. Phosgene may be generated in electrical flashes and fires in trans formers containing Aroclors, but this Is not thought to be a major risk. Safety Equipment Each operator In the Krumsrlch Aroclor plant Is supplied with gogglt rubber covered gloves, canvas gloves, rubber shoes and fume resplra* See also page X2-1. A spare suit of clothes Is kept In a case In t! department. The department has the usual first aid cabinet, gas ma: .(chlorine), fire extinguisher, (toluene, diphenyl), stretcher, safet showers, drinking fountain, aye bath. Special Risks * The usual care Is necessary in dealing with chlorine. In lighting the gas furnaces, and in handling hot materials, steam lines etc. Diphenyl might start to burn in chlorine gas If conditions In the chlorlnator were badly out of line. A Davis "Vapotester", model M-l* Type A, (Division of Davis Energene; Equipment Co., Inc., Newark, N.J.) Is held in the department for use In testing the air of the working building after toluene has been used, and for testing vessels before men are permitted to enter, and before "flame certificates" are given. The Instrument contains a ACM COZi 54 g TOWOLDMON0046059 WATER_PCB-00037036 I XT. HAZARDS, contd. n -7 Hazards . Special Risks, contd. _ catalytic call electrically heated to a fixed temperature, and the air to he teeted Is aspirated through It by means or a "squeeze ball". 2f combustible rap ours are present, the teaperature or the cell rises, and the Indicating thermocouple registers on a call-* brated scale. The instrument has a sero adjustment, and It Is checked twice a month by the instrument department. Flame certificates must give the number of the Vapotester used, also the data of its last cali bration by the Instrument department. The Instrument has been use ful In detecting gas escapes, and In tracing spills of gasoline, etc., from a neighbouring oil refinery Into a public sewer which runs under Monsanto territory. Mr. Benlgnus, of St. Louis, September 1953, discussed the dangers of using Aroclors In indoor paints. He discounted the possible dangers from phosgene formed by flash discharges in transformers charged with Aroelors. See the references to safe handling of glyddyl phenyl ether on pages 22-161 etc. .a* v m wj. ADH 0025: 55 E TOWOLDMON0046060 WATER_PCB-00037037 * ^ W*TXm )#*-. f+ /(, UfO jPmJZcS /?S> 56 *Dm 00*539 TOWOLDMON0046061 WATER PCB-00037038