Document bBJO2brK33wRm2pZrwxQ8jvVg

*111 BIOASSAY STUDIBS OF Tilt TOXICITY OF A VINYL CHLORIDE-VINYLIUENE CHLORINE MIXED POLYMER AND TWO SUBSTANCES WHICH CAN BE USED TO STABILIZE DISPERSIONS E. Springer German Central Institute for Occupational Medicine Institute for Occupational Hygiene TRANSLATION OF: "Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungcn ueber die Toxizitaet eines VinylchloridVinylidenchlorid-Mischpolymerisats und von zwei zur Stabilisierung der Dispersionen verwendbaren Substanzen," Z. ges. Hyg., Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 442447, 1965. t \ SPI -12821 Z. ECS. Ilyg., Vo]. 11, No. 6, pp. 442-4-17, 1965. BIOASSAY STUDIES OP THE TOXTCITY OF A VINYL CHLORIDE-V INYLIDENE CHLORINE MIXED POLYMER AND TWO SUBSTANCES WHICH CAN BE USED TO STABILIZE DISPERSIONS E. Springer Paper is a cheap and ideal packing material , because it possesses good mechanical properties and it is easily worked. Its undesireable features include low resistance to moisture and grease, and in many cases its trans parency to water vapor and gases. Hence, products which retain the valuable properties of paper but correct these shortcoming:; have aroused the interest of the paper industry. Among these products, dispersions play a special role, in which the plastic is finely distributed in water. After the water evaporates, a film remains which protects the paper against the action of moisture and makes \ it non-transparent to gases and water vapor. The plastics that have been suitable for this purpose include in particular the copolymers of vinylidene chloride. These copolymers are interesting because they form continuous films without the addition of plasticisers at room tempera \ ture or slightly above. The films are characterized by resistance to water, grease, oil, mild acids or alkalis and resistance to water vapor and gas. Satisfactory cost and easy working have facilitated the introduction of these products. Coated papers are used for packing margarine, dehydrated soup and other food. In addition, disposable packages such as pails and' cartons can be impregnated. 1 In addition to the plastics, the dispersions contain primarily emulsifiers and frequently adjuvants as well which further stabilize the dispersions. Emulsifiers include alkyl sulfonate or alkyl aryl sulfonate. Non-ionogenic compounds are frequently used as stabilizers. These constitute adducts of ethylene oxide on alkyl phenol or fatty alcohol, corresponding to the following formula: d /\ /\ . It -- | |-OH -j- XCH.-CH. R- | | -- O -- (CH--CH. O) , -- CH>--CH.OH. * \/ \/ \/ \ J In the German Democratic Republic, a mixed polymer composed of vinyl chloride and vinylidene is ifscd for coating papers of diverse kinds, as well ' as putty or sealer. 0.5i of an adduct of ethylene oxide on fatty alcohol, called "stabilizer L"pis added to this mixed polymer as a stabilizer.^ The only published studies on mixed polymers' that have appeared thus far t have been in the work of ThamKi who conducted.a study to determine whether < i j 4 am indebted to Dr. Muelstcph, Factory Manager of VEB Chemische Werke Buna i I for information regarding the chemistry of the substances and their applications. i V- \ V 1- - L NWtWMB SPI -12822 . .......... Vinitcx 50 is suitable as a floor coating for stalls. He found no pathological changes in hogs when the latter were exposed to Vinitcx. . Feeding 100 mg of Vinitcx containing 1.5% stabilizer I. to three rabbits for three weeks produced a reduced average weight gain in comparison with the control animals, with the latter gaining an average of 280 grams and one of the three experimental animals showing a weight gain of 300 grams. On the histological level, he saw changes in the liver, spleen and kidneys, among both the animals which had received Vinitcx with stabilizer L and in another test group, but somewhat more pronounced in the former. From this Thamm concluded that Vinitex with stabilizer L "when taken into the body orally over a long period of time jcauses injury." As a result of the test with stabilizer L, Thamm states "that this substance 1 given in amount of 20430 mg/kg of body weight to hogs and rabbits, regularly causes interstitial nephritis, subacute hepatitis,-and destruction with consider able loss of chromaffinic substance in the cortex of the adrenals." Unfortunj ately, the article says nothing about the method of investigation or the number of animals studied. , We were asked by the manufacturer to investigate the mixed polymer and the stabilizer using another animal species. V.'e were also supposed to check i whether the product known as FA, an adduct of ethylene oxide on alkylphenol, was possibly preferable to stabilizer L from the standpoint of toxicology. In determining the method of investigation to be used, we proceeded on the basis of the fact that man can come in contact with the substance as follows: > 1. Skin contact. 2. Possible intake into the body through the skin. 3. Intake through the digestive tract. For this reason, our bioassay experiments on rats included a determination of possible injury caused by skin contact in the upper layers of the skin itself, through possible skin resorption and intake through the digestive tract. To check skin tolerance, we painted the previously shaved dorsa,l skin with the substance twice a day for two weeks in groups of ten experimental animals each. Another group of six animals served as a control. We observed the local change's in the general behavibr-of the animals. After the observation period was over,* the experimental and control animals were killed and their organs exam ined macroscopically and microscopically. For the skin resorption test, we established a dilution series of substances with concentrations between 25fe and 100%. Groups of ten experimental and two control animals each were placed in an experimental apparatus which dipped the entire length of the rats' tails in the solution. The duration of the experiment was 50Thheouarsp.pro.ximate"lethal dose was determined according to the method of Teichmann and Le Blanc with doses of 1.4 to.24 grams per kilogram of body weight (fi/kft) In order to detect possible injury caused by intake of the substances over a long period of time, we gave the substances orally in doses of 0.25 g, Y 2- - SPI -12823 " m u i|im " " i | i|i j n iiiiiii 1 | i n n nn R i|i ,0.5 g and 1.0 g/kg to groups of 15 animals each over a period of seven weeks. In the ease of stabilizer L, we also performed an experimental series with a dose of 50 mg/kg, an amount which is approximately ten times the concentration which comes in contact with margarine when the latter is packed as a cube weighing 250 grams, and performed both a histological and a histochemical study, which are described elsewhere in detail.2 RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION 1. Vinitex without stabilizer L and Vinitex with 0.5% stabilizer L. The skin of the painted animals did not change. Only a slight scratching effect developed during the test, the consequence of an itch evidently caused by the substance, which quickly disappeared after the test was over without any trace. Otherwise, the animals showed no characteristics that differed on either macroscopic or microscopic levels from the control animals. The study of the cutaneous resorption also failed to show any pathological findings. The determination of the approximate lethal dose showed that both substances, given once, are nontoxic, since the animals tolerated 24 g/kg quite well (converted to a 70 kg man, this would be 1680 grams), and showed no malignant changes in , autopsy. Likewise, those animals which had the substance administered orally once a day over a long period of time did not differ remarkably in their behavior or in the results of their macroscopic and microscopic examination from the control animals. Vinitex and Vinitex with stabilizer L proved to be completely harmless in the bioassay. The fact that we came to different conclusions than Tha'mm is probably due to the change in the dose.(reduction of the stabilizer L amount from 1.5% to 0.5%). 2. Stabilizer L. The skin painting was tolerated well by the animals. The autopsy treated in this, fashion revealed no pathological findings. The resorption test was also 5 negative. ; Neither the tails of the animals nor the macroscopic and microscopic * study following the end of the experiment showed any changes that would distinguish , them from the control animals, i. | In determining the approximate lethal dose, al 1 `the animals died which received more than 10.7 g/kg within 24 hours.' Since 10.7 g/kg would be a dose of 12 1 I should like to thank the Toxicological "Laboratory at the Institute for Occupational Hygiene of the German Central Institute for Occupational Medicine For their help in performing the studies. \ V 3- - SPI -12824 749 grams for a 70 kg man, we can sec that stabilizer L is practically nontoxic in an acute test. In an oral application extending over seven weeks, 30% of the animals died which received 0.25 g and 0.5 g/kg, and 60% of the animals which we gave 1.0 g/kg, during the experimental period. Autopsy revealed a coarsening of the lobe struc ture, foci of fatty degeneration and numerous cellular infiltrates in the liver. The average weight gain of the surviving experimental animals was significantly below that of the control animals. The animals that received 50 mg/kg all survived and on the average developed normally in comparison with the control animals. The autopsy following the end of the experimental series revealed no findings on the macroscopic or microscopic level that were different from those in the control animals. In conclusion, we can say that skin contact with stabilizer L, even over a long period of .time, or a single oral intake of the substance, or even an enteral application of small doses over a long period.of time causes no danger to health. The daily administration of 0.25 g/kg body weight or more through the gastrointestinal tract could definitely cause danger to health. 3. Product FA The painted skin of the animals was dry and brittle beginning on the fourth day of.the experiment. The shape of the weight curve was much less satisfactory than that of the control animals. Since autopsy revealed no details to clarify this fact, we interpret this as a consequence of the influ ence of the dry-brittle skin on the general condition of the animals (appetite, etc.). In the skin resorption test the tails of the animals became more red in the course of the experiment. However, we failed to find any other changes that were different from the control animals, either during the experiment or in the following autopsy. The approximate lethal dose as determined by the method of Teichmann and Le Blanc was 7.0 g/kg. However, after 96 hours even those animals which had received 5.5 g and 4.7 g/kg died. Feeding 0.25 g/kg body height daily over a period of seven weeks was survived 6y all animals; at 0.5g and 1.0 g/kg body weight, 20% died during the test. Autopsy revealed changes in the liver, in the form of a fatty degeneration and numerous cellular infiltrates as symptoms of inflammation. Since we were requested by the manufacturer to decide whether product FA was preferably to stabilizer L from the toxicological standpoint, we compiled the research results of these two substances in the following table: SPI -12825 ! * ' TABLE Experiment Skin contact Skin resorption test Approximate lethal dose Oral application over 7 weeks Stabilizer L Product FA Weight gain of 10-25 g Either no weight gain or a weight loss of 15-40 g No skin changes Brittle and dry skin No change Reddening of the rats' tails 10.7 g/kg 7.1 g/kg 0.25 g and 0.5 g/kg 30% 1.0 g/kg 60% of the animals Died at: 0.25 g/kg 0% 0.5 g and 1.0 g/kg 20% of the animals We can see from the comparison in the table that from the toxicological j standpoint the use of product FA instead of stabilizer L would bring no advan; tages, since the more favorable results obtained with oral administration over a long period of time are offset by the less favorable approximate lethal dose i and the poorer skin tolerance. i ! CONCLUSIONS V A bioassay using rats was used to study the toxicity of Vinitex (mixed ' polymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride), stabilizer L (70% aqueous solution of an alkyl phenol, to which ethylene oxide groups had been added) and product FA (40% aqueous solution of an hydroxyethylated fatty alcohol. Vinitex without stabilizer I. and Vinitex with 0.5% stabilizer L are practically nontoxic. In the case of stabilizer L, skin contact, single oral administration ofeven large'amount and long-term oral administration of small doses failed to produce any damage to health. Repeated administration of 0.25 g/kg or more can be,expected to produce injury. Product FA causes skin changes following frequent contact. It is less toxic when taken once through the gastrointestinal tract, but repeated intake of 0.5 g/kg or more causes damage to health. \. Replacement of stabilized L by product -FA offers no advantages from the toxicological standpoint. REFERENCES . I K..ndb cl *r prsimiv-n .Cum. IV. i;a. I. TVi'b-ir-J. Ilt-r.iuji. f. W .. /Vcrtav (/th.ni ^ h-.-.-i:. -cr-.m-V/icn l"i', -- u'--: v -c*. CV rv ^ . I- r ......... * 1 * * fi'.r C: i . p/i.-. I 'l -- V C: * V H.' Ocv f.ilti *n r Vi* . .\i 1.iMtmi', ii> . i * :',i ,(:(*!; h'ilt Uin rnl ^ ;. *!i :i *.r m v 11 . .> U uii V i i; l. ; i ... * >.;r. (' J : >* C'tM -5- ----------im-nrrwn-rii_ - awmmtmmmmm............... .------------------------~ -------------mnanin-r SPI -12826 m sw sa tta e m . Poland). Caz. Woda Tech. Sanit. 38(10), 336-0(in64XPol). Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tcnn.). Chem. Eng. Progr., Symp. Ser. Waste waters from tlic production of ClIjCIICl ami from its 60(63), 32-40( 19(il)(ling); cf. Iluckliam, el at., following abstr. polymerization by both cmtilsion nml suspension methods nrc The feeds investigated were Tni'-2f> solvent extn. waste, Darex considered. Sewage from CHiCHCl production contained waste, and conventional I'urcx forinaldcliydc-trcatcd waste. CjIIi <2.5, HCl 15-80, aldehydes <1, and CHiCHCl 100-400 The waste was coned, by evapn. and by steam-stripping of the mg./l. Sewage from emulsion and suspension polymerization < HNOj: The coned, soln. was then introduced into the heated plants had, resp.: pH 6-7 and 8; dry residue 1.0-10.0 and 8.8, calcincr pot where it was denitrated, brought to a solid cake, and CHiCHCl 0.5-9.0 and 1.3, and surface-active agents 0.02-0.2 calcined. The process is workable and sate. and 6.6 g./l.; oxidizability 0.1-0.5 and 2.0, che'rn. O demand Albert E. Nugent, Jr. 0.2-2.0 and 8.8, and B.O.D. 0.1-0.5 and 2.0 g. O/l. It was Development of fluidized bed waste calcination process. found that polymerized CHjCHCl is most efficiently removed by _ J. A. Buckham, L. T. Lakey, and J. A. McBride (Phillips Petrol. coagulation and sedimentation. Optimum dose of coagulant Co., Idaho Falls, Idaho). Chem. Eng. Progr., Symp. Ser. A1i(SO()j.18HjO for sewage from suspension polymerization is 60(53), 20-31(1964)(Eng); cf. Tomlinson, CA 60, 3866c. Alle- 0.1-1.0 g./l. For sewage from emulsion polymerization thermal mann, el al., CA 60, 15584d, Whatley, el ol., preceding abstr. coagulation is advisable. Irena Kloczko A plant-scale, fluidized bed calcination process was constructed ^ Characteristics and purification of waste waters from produc to utilize a totally continuous process for the conversion of aq., tion of vinyl resins. Boleslaw Kotulski (Zaklady Chem., { high-level radioactive wastes into compact granular solids. A Oswiecim, Poland). Gas, Woda Tech. Sanit. 39(2), 46-9(1965) feed soln. of Al(NO)i waste was injected into a heated bed of (Pol). The phys.-chem. characteristics and toxicity for living granular solids, such as sand seed particles. The bed was main organisms (Daphnia magna) were studied for waste waters from tained at 300-600, and the thermal decompn. of the feed soln. the production of monomers and polymers of CHjCHOAc (I) and caused its solid reaction products to build up in layers on the bed CHiCCli. Sewage from the synthesis of I had pH ~4, O con particles. The introduction of fluidizing gases, such as air, car- sumption ~500, chem. O demand ~19,000, and B.O.D. ~2000- 1 tied the gaseous products from the bed to scrubbers. Amorphous mg. O/l., and a Zn content >~80 g./l. The sewage killed living and ot-AljOi were the chief solid reaction products. The redn. in organisms even when dild. 1:10000. The degree of pollution of waste vol. was 17-fold for 80% a-AljOj of bulk d. 1.6 g./cc. and other sewage studied was much greater. In coagulation with 10-fold for amorphous Al>Oi of bulk d. 0.95 g./cc. CaO and NaCl, the former was more efficient. The sewage from Albert E. Nugent, Jr. polymerization and copolymerization of CHjCCh contained many Purification of radioactive waste solutions with inorganic na inorg. salts and had relatively low toxicity. Irena Kloczko . 1 tural ion exchangers. I. The use of silicate clay as ion exchan Role of hydroxides and carbonates in the flocculation and sedi ger. G. Sachse and E. Leibnitz (Zentralinst. Kernphys., mentation during the clarification of sewage from viscose produc Dresden, Ger.). Kerncncrgie 4(8), 633-6(1961XGer); cf. CA tion. O. P. Sinev. Dokl. X V-oi [Pyatnadlsaloi] nauchn. Konf. 62, 24426. Clay from the Radgendorf region was analyzed and Novocherk. Polilckhn. Inst. Stroit. Sekts., Novocherkassk 1964, characterized by electron microscopy, differential thermal analy- 75-6(Russ). Fe(OH),, Zn(OH),, Mg(OH)i, and CaCO, im-,, sis, and x-ray analysis for the purpose of using it for the concn. of proved flocculation and sedimentation of hydrated cellulose, the liquid radioactive waste. The stabilization of the clay for which in turn accelerated the hydrolysis of metal salts, coagula use in the column operation was also examd. by mixing poly tion of hydroxides, and crystn. of CaCOi. The optimum pH for acrylate with the clay. IV. Leaching resistance of radioactive the flocculation and sedimentation of suspended solids was 10.5- annealing products of clay from the Radgendorf region. Ibid. 11.5. From Ref. Zh., Khim. 1964, Abstr. No. 231326. 5(3), 187-90(1962). The clay samples which adsorbed lI7Cs, MVRK ( "Sr, and 144Ce were heated at 120-900 and the leaching of the Pilot plant denitration of Purer waste with sugar. E. A. activity with HiO was examd. at room temp, and 80. When Coppinger (Gen. Elec. Co., Richland, Wash.). AEC Accession heat-treated at 700, 0.02% of 1I7Cs, 0.4% of "Sr, and 0.3% of No. 35243, Rept. No. HW-77080. Avail. OTS, 16 pp.(1963) 144Ce were leached, but with the clay treated at 900, <0.05% of (Eng). A plant flowsheet was developed and successfully demon "Sr and 144Ce were leached; thus leaching of the activity de- strated in pilot plant equipment. A 1.4Af sugar soln. was added _ . creased with the heat-treating temp. N. Oi to 25 1. waste for 12 hr. at 100, and the mixt. was digested for 18 hr. The initial HNO concn. was 6.\iM. The residual was 0.94 and O.OOAf after 12 and 18 hr. of digestion, resp. A residual C content equivalent to 1.9 and 0.4% of the total C fed as sugar was present after 12 and 18 hr. of digestion, resp. About 19 moles HNO> were destroyed per mole of sugar fed. Foaming was produced during batch denitration with sugar by adding 0.4 g. dibutylphosphate/1. of synthetic waste. The addn. of 0.2 g. Dow-Coming Antifoam B/l. of waste reduced foam levels by about a factor of 2. An induction period of ~6-9 min. was observed before the reaction started. The length of the induc tion period increased as initial sugar addn. rates were reduced.' Gentle air sparging reduced the induction period by about a factor of 2. The use NaNOi as a means of decreasing the induction period was not successful. Sugar soln. was added to cold waste, and the mixt. was heated to det. the pot pressures and tower pressure drops that could be developed under abnormal condi tions. A decrease in pot vacuum of 30 in. HsO and a tower pres sure drop of 8 in. HjO were observed when 20 1. of waste and 2.7 1.2.5M sugar soln. were mixed together and rapidly heated to Removal of cobalt and chromium by precipitation and ion ex change on soil, lignite, and clinoptilolite from citrate-containing radioactive liquid waste. D. B. Hawkins. AEC Accession No. 35235, Rept. No. IDO-12036. Avail. OTS, 24 pp.(1964XEng). "Co and "Cr can be removed from sep. waste streams contg. ammonium citrate and alk. permanganate by a combined proc ess of pptn. and ion exchange. The general procedure used was to neutralize the alk. permanganate with HjSO and to combine this soln. with the ammonium citrate soln. causing the oxidn. of the citrate. The Co and Cr originally present as complex anions .were converted to cationic form by this process and scavenged from soln. by the MnOj ppt. formed by redn. of the permanganate. The Co and Cr remaining in soln. were then removed by ion ex change on lignite, soil, and clinoptilolite. Distribution cocffs. for Co and Cr were 56 and 1.2,800 and 36, and 24 and 0.1 for soil, lignite, and clinoptilolite, resp. Lignite used in combination with the oxidn.-pptn. step resulted in the removal of 99.7% of the "Co and 95.1% of the "Cr from the waste streams. From Nucl. Sci. Abslr. 18(19), 4713(1964). TCNG 100*. From Nucl. Sci. Abstr. 17(20), 4704(1963). TCNG Radioactive wastes disposal. A. N. Marei. At. Energ. Report of invention-solvent extraction process for recovery of strontium, cerium, rare earths, and cesium from radioactive, waste solutions. Lane A. Bray (Gen. Elec. Co., Richland, Wash.). AEC Accession No. 5988, Rept. No. HW-75537. (USSR) 18(3), 268-70(1965XRuss). A review is given of the re ports on the title subject that were presented at the Third In- "temational Conference on the peaceful uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva 1964. A. Aladjem Avail. OTS, 14 pp.(1962XEng). A solvent extn. process is de Biochemical research methods of the phenomenon and of the scribed which removes Sr, Ce, Cs, and rare earths from acid efficiency of the purification of waste by activated sludge. Lydia solns. (pH 3-5) in 1 operation. The process is based on the use Vaicum. Hidroteh. Gospodarirea Apelor Melcorol. (Bucharest) of a solvent composed of 4-sec-butyl-2_-(-methylbenzyl)phenol r 9(10), 546-9(1964)(Rom). A review is given of the mechanisms and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric add in a diluent, such as involved in the purification of waste by activated sludge and of Soltrol 170. Data are presented on the extn. of Sr, Ce, and Cs the methods used to control them. Edgar Perry under varying conditions. From Nucl. Sci. Abstr. 19(4), 681- Biological purification of pulp-manufacturing effluents. M. A. (1965). TCNG Evilevich. Tr. Vses. Nauchn.-Issled. Inst. Tsellyulozn.-Bu- Equipment for a counterflow sorption using natural sorbent mazhn. Prom. No. 49, lll-31(1964XRuss). Biol, purification suspensions. V. Vesely, I. Napravnik, S. Gaderka, M. Paar, "of effluents of the Svetogorsk pulp and paper mill was studied and L. Mazel. AEC Accession No. 6879, Rept. No. TJJV- in pilot plant equipment with a capacity of 120 cu.m./day. 1108/64. Avail. AEC, 14 pp.(1964XEng). A method for Fundamental principles of the process used and ealens. of the countercurrent sorption of radionuclides from aq. waste by using process variables are discussed. To carry out the process, the bentonite and tuff was developed on a lab. scale. The tuff effluents must be subjected to the following preliminary treat* showed relatively high extn. coeffs. esp. for Cs. Values for Sr t ment: removal of coarse fibers; redn. of the concn. of fines to were lower and depended on Ca ion concn. An industrial proc 75 mg./I.; deodorization through removal of HjS, SOi, and mer- ess carried out in conical-bottomed mixers is outlined. From captans; neutralization; and enrichment with nutrient elements Nucl. Sci. Abstr. 19(4), 792(1966). TCNG (N and P). Measures must be taken to control foaming, to keep Engineering development of nuclear waste pot calcination. the compn. of the effluents const., and to introduce automation M. E. Whatley, C. W. Hancher, and J. C. Suddath (Oak Ridge and remote control. The oxidn. capacity of aeration tanks SPI-12827 27882-27893 TOXICOLOGY - GENERAL AND INDUSTRIAL (Vol. 47] 2336 of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, j In: Serdechno-sosudistye sabolcvanlya 1 Dolczni obmcna vcnhchcstv. [Cardiovascular and metab olic diseasej.) Nauka Moscow, 195-201. 1064. From: REF ZR OTD VYPUSK FARMAKOL TOKSIKOL, 1965, No. 7.64.373. 27882. OKONBHNIKOVA, I. E. (Innt. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Die., Sverdlovsk, USSR.) Eksperlmental'naya teraplya 1 profllaktika ostrykh otravlenll socdlnenlyami mysh'yaka. [Experimental therapy and prophylaxis of scuts arsenic Intoxication 1 GtC Til PHOK ZADOLEVANlVA 9(3): 36-437 Ulus 1665. (kngl. summ.|--Thc author studied the therapeutic and prophylactic effectiveness of dlmercaptosucclnlc acid (DMSA) In animal poisoning with organic and inorganic arsenic compounds. Sub cutaneous Injection of the agent not later than 2 hours after poisoning contributes to the survival of 80-100% of the animals. Peroral usage of the preparation IS minutes prior to poisoning secures survival of 100% of the animals. Detoxication of arsenic was due to an accelerated elimination of the poison from the animal organism, this having been demonstrated in experiments with radio-arsenic (Ae?). The quantity of As7, passed from laboratory rats, was 6 times as high as recorded In control animals. The merit of DMSA consists in that it is capable of forming not only stable, readily soluble complex-compounds with arsenic, but, approaching by its property physiological metabolites, it ensures restorative reactions of the organism, which follow the process of poisoning. --Author. 27383. OLEINIK, S. F., P. K. LIPATOVA V. N. ANDREEV, and R. I. KOTSAI. (L'vov Med. Inst., L'vov, USSR.) Ob izmenenli funktsll legklkh bol'nykh antrako-slllkozom posle vyvedenlya ikh na poverk- hnost*. [Changes In pulmonary function In patients (miners) with anthracosllicosis following their transfer to work on the surface! ] GIG TR PkOF'2AfeOL;vANlVA 6(4)7 17-20. "15657 irmf^-The reduced ventilation function of the lungs In miners with anthracosllicosis of the 1 stage is largely functional and reversible. After ceasing under ground work it becomes normal again mostly In 1-1 1/2 years. Miners suffering from anthracosllicosis in its first stage should not re-assume underground duties, for with continued exposure to dust the pulmonary ventilation function becomes subject to a rapid and serious deterioration. ' In miners afflicted with anthracosllicosis In its Q stage, in association with slilcotuberculosis, the reduced pulmonary ventilation Is due to organic changes. After leaving work, in 1-2 years the pulmonary ventila tion function continues to be appreciably below Its normal level. --Authors. 27884. ONUflENKO, F. A. Nekotorye dannye o biokhimicheskom mekhanizme snlzheniya rabotosposobnosti prl vozdelstvii otdel'nykh khlororganichesldkh insektltsidov. [Some data on the biochemical mechanism of a decrease in the ability to work under the action of individual organocUorlne Insecticides. [ In; Gfglena^ fizlologlya tmda, proizvodstveniuya tokeikologiya, klinika profzabolevanii. [Labor physiology and hygiene, industrial toxicology, and the clinical aspects of occupationaTdiseases. | Gosmedizdat Ukr. SSR: Kiev. 2. 81-87. 19637 FTom;-REF ZH OTD VYPUSK FARMAKOL TOKSIKOL, 1965, No. 6.54.390. (Translation)--Poisoning with sublethal doses of hepta- chlor and dleldrln leads to partial blocking of the glycolytic and oxida tive processes. Even In the early stage of the poisoning, disturbances occur in the biochemical mechanisms for the utilization of energy liberated in biological oxidation and glycolysis and this evidently causes a decrease In the ability to work of the poisoned animal. 27885. ONOPKO, B. N., V. I. LYUBOMUDROV, A. M. ALEKSANOVA, L. Ya. BASAMYGINA, A. A. LOMOVA, N. V. OVCHARENKO, and A. N. TITOVA. (Inst. Ind. Physiol., Donetsk, USSR.) O sochetannykh formakh pnevmokoniozov i vlbratsionnol boleznl. [Combined forms of pneumo coniosis and vibration disease.1 GIG TR PROF ZABOLEVAN1YA 9(4): 20-24. 1065. [Engl, summ. ]--Examinations were made of workers exposed to Industrial dust and vibration and those working under identical conditions but not operating any vibrating tools. A description Is given of combined forms of vibration disease. The combined exposure to dust and vibration is conducive to an earlier and more frequent development of pneumoconiosis. It is suggested that control of the harm ful effects of vibration is apparently not only a means for preventing vibration disease, but also for preventing pneumoconiosis.--Authors. 27886. PAVLOVSKH, E. N., I. A. VAL'TSEVA, O. A. MALAKHOV, K. N. SEIFULLINA, and F. F. TALYZIN. (I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow Med. Inst., Moscow, USSR.) Sravnitel'naya kharakterlstlka deistviya yadov zroel: bungarus (Bungarus'Tasclatus), kobry (Naja tripudlans) 1 gyruzy (Vlpera lebetlna) na Izollrovannoe serdtse lyaJcushkl. [A com parative study of the action of the venom of the snakes Bungarus lascUEus, Naja trlpudians and Vlpera lebetlna on Isolated frog heart.1 DOkt'A'KADlUlJ^SSSR 162(1): 225-Mfl. Illus. ifid5.'-At'a dose of l.I0"2> the venom of B. fasclatus resulted in the cessation of heart beat in an Isolated frog heart within 1.08-2.01 minutes. At the same dose, cobra venom resulted In cessation of heart beat within 1.03-0.06 minutes. The venom of V. lebetlna at the same dose resulted in & more rapid decrease In amplitude (within 25 seconds), but in this case, un like the others, the effect could be reversed by washing the heart In Ringers.--N. Fedoroff. 27887. PETKOV, V., V. STOEV, D. BAKALOV, and L. PETEV. (Inst. Med. Specialization Postgrad. Med., Sofia, Bulgaria.) Bolgarskil preparat satal k&k lcchebnoc sredstvo prl promyshlonnol intokelkatsll svintsora. [The Bulgarian preparation Satal (from bulbs of Allium sativum) as a drug forTrcattng occupational lead poisoning.| GIG TR PROF ZADOLEVANIYA 9(4): 42-49. Ulus. 1965. [Engl, summ.]-- The authors studied the therapeutical efricacy of the preparation "Satal* In a group of workers, In whom clinical and laboratory examinations revealed tho presence of some symptoms Indicating the adverse effects of lead poisoning (an elevated porphyrin level in urine and basophilogranular erythrocytes in the blood). The administration of "Satal" enteric-coated tablets led to the normalization of both hemologlcal shifts and of the porphyrin content In urine. To the hypotensive effect of the drug the authors also attribute the drop of the arterial pressure to normal values which was elevated In the majority of workers examined prior to the treatment with this preparation. The effectiveness of "Satal" Is, apparently, due to the action of active sulfuric components contained In garlic.--Authors. 27888. PIGALEV, S. A. (Munic. Hosp. No. 2, Votkinsk, USSR.) Rabota s oletnovoi kislotol. [Working with oleic acid.] GIG TR PROF ZABOLEVANIYA 9(4): 54-55. 1965.--Oleic acid is used as a lubricat ing and cooling fluid in metal-working plants in such operations as turning, milling, and drilling where It may reach temperatures of 200300C. Analysis of 20 samples showed that under these conditions acrolein was formed as a decomposition product and was present in the air at concentrations of 0.005-0.006 mg/llter. Examinations of 50 workers who had been employed in these metal-working plants for more than 2 years showed that 10 of them hid bronchitis. No contact dermatitis was seen since the workers regularly used a protective paste.--M. M. Das. 27889. PIGULEVSKH, S. V. Ryby opasnye dlya cheloveka. [Fishes dangerous to man.] 115p. Illus. Medltslna: Leningrad. 1964. Pr. 31 kopecks. From; REF ZH OTD VYPUSK FARMAKOL TOKSIKOL, 1965, No. 8.54.428K. ) 27890. PUSHIN, G. A. (Sverdlovsk Med. Inst., Sverdlovsk, USSR.) O porazhenll pechenl i zhelchnykh putei u rabochlkh, zanyatykh v proizvodstve nekotorykh vidov plastmass. [Lesions in: theliver and bile ducts in workers producing come kinds of plastics.! SOVET MED 28(3)7 112-135. Illus. 10o5.--An analysis of liver and bile duct dis orders found in 350 workers in the Sverdlovsk Plastic Factory between 1957 and 1960. Pathological liver changes were found in 8% of the plastic workers and in only 2% of the control group. A relationship was found to exist between the Incidence of liver and bile duct disorder! and the type of plastic with which they worked. The Incidence of dis orders was highest in workers employed In the manufacture of polychlorovinyl plastics (15%) and lowest in those manufacturing phenol and amino plastics (3.6%). Rolling-mill operators were the most frequently involved class of workers. This Is probably due to their exposure to decomposition products of polychlororicyl (HD, chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc.) which are evolved during hot rolling. Dlbutylphthalate, which is used as a plasticizer, may also be Involved. Clinical ly the disorder Is chronic epithelial hepatitis. In 9 of the 23 hepatitis patients this was associated with hypoacidlc or anacidlc gastritis, in 15 with functional disturbances of the central nervous system. In 7 with thyroid disorders, and In one with hypochromic anemia.--M. M. Das. 27891. PYATKOP, A. I., L. P. ARTOMONOVA, and A. A. SHELYUZHENKO. K voprosu izuchenlya mlkroelementovu bol'nykh ekzemol, svyazannol 8 proizvodstvennymi khimlche&kiml vesbehestvami. [The study of trace elements in patients having eczema related to the production of chemicals. | In: Professlonal'nye zabolevanJya 1 koiiigenozy kozhl. [Occupational diseases and collagenoses of the skin.] Zdorov"ya: Kiev. 73-77. 1965. From: REF ZH OTD VYPUSK FARMAKOL TOKSIKOL, 1965, No. 19.54.324. 27892. RASULEV, I. A., K. Kh. SALIKHOV, an! Z. E. BARABASH. O kllnlcheskol kartine otravleniya geksakhloranom. [The clinical flcture of hexachlorocyclohexane poisoning.] MED ZH u2bEKJ2>TANA . 14-18. " 1965. From: RtE"Zli"OTb VYPUSK FARMAKOL TOKEKOl, 1965, No. 15.54.407. (Translation)--Gives the case histories of 4 members of one family who entered the clinic 6 months after being poisoned by the vapor of hexachlorocyclohexane. The poisoning occurred after treating their living quarters with the compound in dust for warmed on a hot plate. The patients showed general weakness, painful hyper esthesia, disturbed appetite, swelling of the Joints, multiple exanthema, and pruritus. Treatment with vitamins Bj, Bi2 and C, diphenhydramine, CaCl2, and baths in Tashkent mineral water did not produce any notice able effect. It Is suggested that the exanthema was of a tcode-allergic nature. 27893. RODIN, V. I. Znachenie elektroaerozol'nykh ingalyaisil v profllaktike pnevmokonloza u shakhterov. [The Importance of electro-, aerosol inhalation in the prophylaxis of pneumoconiosis in aitoera.J In: Giglena truda. [Labor hygiene.] Zdorov"ya: Kiev. 208-211. 1964. From: REF ZH OTT) VYPUSK FARMAKOL TOKSIKOL, 1165, No. 18.54.423. SPI -12828 69#5 [1968] PUBLIC HEALTH 103631-103665 eountrlM.l IM. PED1AT AKUSHERSTVO GINEKOL 27(4): 60-63. HEALTH SERVICES AND MEDICAL CARE 103631. CORMACK, G. C. (Lakeahore PsychUL Hoap., Toronto, Ontario, Can.), and S. A. ROLLING. (Nursing! Homeg tor fpgychlatrlc patients:! .peclAl care program, province of OntarloT CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH 66(11): 469-473. 1965. 103632. DURAN, HERNAN. (Avenlda Salaverry 722, Lima, Pent.) Health planning In the countries ot Latin America. 56(7): 271-275. 1965. 103633. MEDYANYK, R. V. Deyakl pytannya znyrhennya perynatal' noyl amernoatl r URSR. (Some problems Involved In reAiclng perinatal mortality In the Ukrainian SSR.I PED1AT AKUSHERSTVO GINEKOL 27(1): 3-6. 1965. " 103634. PEAT, R. S. (Ontario Hoep. Serv. Comm., Toronto, Ontario, Can.) [The role of) The medical officer of health and continuity of medical care. CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH 56(7): 285T29l7 1965. 103635. PETT, L. D. (Dep. Nat, Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario, Can.) Operational research and health services. CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH 56(11): 457-461. Ift65. [French summ.]--Opcratlonal re search is the use of modern scientific methods to study an action or activity, whether proposed or In process. Health services Include anything In the health field that is organized on a community basis-- whether the community la local or provincial, with or without federal participation.-* From auth, summ. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH (See also Toxicology) 103636. ANTONYUZHENKO, V. A., L M. KASHTANOVA, and R. G. KHEA (Br. Gor'kil Inst. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Dls., Dzerzhinsk, USSR.) Oeobennostl klinlcheskikh proyavlenll khronlcheskoi intoksikatsil malyml kontsentratslyaml khlorirovannykh uglevodorodov tetrakhloretana 1 trtkhloretllena. [Clinical manifestations of chronic Intoxication caused by low concentrations of the chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrachloroethane and trichloroethylene.] GIGTR PROF ZABOLE VAN IYA 9(8): 3741. 1965. [Engl. 8umm.)**The clinical picture common to chronic oc cupational poisoning with low concentrations of tetrachloroethane and trichloroethylene, singly or jointly, Is described. In all cases the poi soning was manifested by disseminated lesion of the nervous system, the pathological changes caused by shifts occurring in the anterior por tions of the brain stem (mesodlencephallc region) being most pronounced. By analyzing the listed data and comparing them with current physio logical Information It is suggested that the disorders should be attributed to a nonspecific narcotic action of the substances under study.--From auths. summ. 103637. BELYAEVA, L. N. Osobennosti kllnlcheskogo proyavlenlya 1 techenlya yazvennoi boleznl zheludka 112-perstnol klshki u bol'nykh s khronlcheskoi professlonal'noi intokslkatsiel soedlneniyami khroma. [Features of the clinical manifestations and course of gastric and duo denal ulcers In chronic occupational poisoning with chromium com pounds.! In: Voprosy glgleny. profeaslonaTnol patologil 1 tokslkologil7 [Problems of hygiene, occupational pathology, and toxicology.] Sverdlovsk. 408-412. 1964. From: REF ZH OTD VYPUSK FARMAKOL TOK5KOL, 1965, No. 23.54.472. 103638. BLAGODATIN, V. M. (Inst. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Dis., Gorfkil, USSR.) Voprosy glgleny truda v prolzvodstvc tslanurkhlorlda. [ Indus trial hygiene In the production of cyanuric chloride,] GIG TR PROF ZABOLEVANIYA 9(8): 14-18. f96l>. [Engl. summ.]--Thts paper sets forth sanitary and hygienic characteristics of cyanuric chloride pro duction. The atmosphere of industrial premises Is found to become polluted with a complex set of toxic substances, among which the prin cipal ones are eyanogen chloride and cyanuric chloride. While perform ing individual operations, technological sampling, due to imperfectly sealed off equipment, there is a short-term rise in the concentration of the substances in the air of work premises.--From auth summ. 103639. D3TERBCHS, D, D, (Inst. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Dls., Acad. Med. BcL USSR, Moscow, USSR.) Prlntslpy stroltel'nol planlrovkl 1 ventllyatsll opytnykh prolzvodstv khlmicheskoi promyshlcnnostl. [Principles for the planning of construction and ventlllatlon of pilot plants In the chemical Industry.] GIGTR~"PROF ZABOLEVANIYA 9(ll): 11-16. Ulus. 1965. [Engl. summ.]--,nU paper cites the most effective arrange ments for ventilation systems In chemical Industries. Under discussion are various variants of chemical pilot plants reviewed from health standpoint and recommendation are set forth that concern designing End planning (In regard to the shape of the buildings, installation of equipment and ventilation arrangement) of such plants.--Author, 103640. DUBINSKAYA, T. M. (3rd City Hosp., NlzhnlJ Tagil, USSR.) Leehenic vlbratslonnoi boleznl burll'shchlkov. [Treatment of vibration disease In drlllers.l GIG TR PROF ZABOLEVANIYA 9(7)7 43-44. 1965.--Drillers were treated with vitamin E, pantocrln (liquid extract from nonosslfied antlers), methyltcstostcrone, and testosterone propion ate. The patients were sent to resorts for balneological treatment and to suburban evening prevcntorla where they received complex treat ment. The approach to treatment was strictly individual depending on the degree of evidence of the disease and the character of the clinical manifestations. For prophylactic purposes healthy workers were given vitamins; twice a year, in the spring and fall, they were administered vitamins B} and C, 2 pills a day for 20-25 days, hot-air baths on the extremities dally after work, ultraviolet Irradiation, and massage. The use of general hydrogen sulfide baths yielded the best results. Only 2 of the 70 patients treated did not respond to these baths. In the others sleep improved, headaches stopped, arm pains disappeared, blood pressure normalized, and the general sense of well-being Improved. These baths can be widely used for treating vibration disease. --J. Slep. 103641. ES'KIN, P. L (Sanlt. Inst., Novosibirsk, USSR,) Gigienicheskaya otsenka pylevogo faktora na shakhtakh Kuzbassa. [Hygienic evaluation of the (hist factor In mines of the Kuznetsk coal hHilm] " GIG TlTPROF ZABOLEVANIYA 0(^7 3-97i905. (Engl, summ.]-The dust factor at 10 mines of the Kuznetsk coal basin during 1959-1962 was evaluated underground workings and stopes. Ventilation, prelimi nary wetting of the coal in situ, wet drilling, spraying and dust collection, when used separately, helped to reduce the Initial dustiness 2--7-fold, and when used together--12--14-fold. The residual dust resulting from the performance of the most dust-producing operations was, neverthe less, 6--7 times higher than the fixed sanitary standard. At hydraulically operated mines the dustiness was considerably below the above-cited figures, but In individual Instances it surpassed Banltary standards 2--5-fold. The maximum weighted average production of mine dust containing total and free silica during one shift and relatively higher pneumoconiosis Incidence rates were recorded among the operators of holing, stopping and cutting machines, miners servicing shield-op erated stopes, drifters and stopers handling percussion drills. These data served as a basis for the development of preventive measures. --From auth. summ. 103642. FAERMAN, L S., S. P. SHATROVA, L A. BOGOSLOVSKAYA, and A. P. OSOKINA. (Inst. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Dis., Gor'kli, USSR.) O komblnirovannom deistvtl metUetlitiofosa, metafosa 1 promezhutochnykh produktov 1 ikh prolzvodstva. [Combined action of methylethylparathion. methylparathlon, and their intermediates and their production.! GIG TR PROF ZABOLEVANIYA 9(8): 42-46. 1&5. [Engl. 0umm.]--A thorough physical examination of persons engaged In the production of methylethylparathion and methylparathlon revealed vegetative dystonia syndromes attended with manifestations of vagotonia. In the liver a disturbed protein-forming and carbohydrate function were ascertained. Some workers presented diminished uropepsln excretion. In nearly half of the cases the pseudo-cholinesterase was inhibited. Some cura tive and prophylactic measures are recommended.--From auths. summ. 103643. FILATOVA, V. S., E. Sh. GRONSBERG, N. A. SMIRNOVA, E. A. STULOVA, and L V. OFESHKEVICH. (Inst. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Dls., Gor'kli, USSR.) Voprosy glgleny truda 1 sostoyanie zdorov'ya rabochikh, zanyatykh na prolzvodstve lateksnogo pollvlnilkhlorida. [Industrial hygiene and the state of health In workers engaged In the production of polyvinylchlorideTatexTI GlG TR PROF ZABOLEVANIYA 9(8): 9-l4. Ulus. 1965. (Engl. 8umm.J--Speclfic feature of the polyvinyl chloride latex production Is the pollution of the atmosphere In work premises with vinyl chloride. In individual sections of the technological line polyvinyl chloride dust pervades the ambient atmosphere. Some operators handling vinyl chloride exhibit changes In their health condi tion which are characteristic of initial forms of chronic occupational poisoning with this substance. A set of health measures is recommended to improve work conditions.--Authors. 103044. GOL'DEL'MAN, A. G.f and A. P. VORONOVA. Opyt kMmloprofilaktlkl tubcrkuleza rabochikh Dlnasovogo zavoda (Predvarlt. soobshchenie). [Experience In the chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis among workers at the Dlnasovyl factory: A preliminary communication.! In: Voprosy glgleny, professlonaTnol patologil 1 tokslkologil. [Problems of hygiene, occupational pathology, and toxicology.] Sverdlovsk. 198-202. 1964. From: REF ZH OTD VYPUSK FARMAKOL TOKSDCOL, 1965. No. 13.54.400. 103645. GOL'DEL'MAN, M. G., L G. LAVRETSKH, and V. M. OLEFIR. (A. M. Gor'kll Inst. Postgrad. Med., Zaporozh*e, USSR.) O vlbratslonnoi boleznl u rabochikh, zanyatykh na nekotorykh vidakh shlLfovarro-polirovochnykh rabot. [Vibration dlaeaae In workers engaged In some types of grinding and polishing operations,] GIG TR PROF ZABOLEVANTYA 9(7): 37-To. 1965 [Engl, summ.]--Examination covered 100 workers employed at a factory manufacturing flat ware complaining of paresthesia In fingers. The examined executed 4 operations: taking off the residual metal after calking the pattern; cleaning the spoon and fork along their contour lines; polishing the fork and spoon; grinding the knife (blade and SPI -12829