Document bB0BJXg32wjom837E7OQ6BZNy

Accident Prevention Manual FOR INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS 1955 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL CHICAGO U. S. A. rrni LTR.'.r.v U;:- : .. /ZrzS: l-O. Ai.8 /V// ting material which / the stomach and hemoglobin, cad However, am oi ing ire rare, solid compounds oi t bosky vole* and the sasal septum, s* oi hair and nails, kin oneera which ad ooc very maiigibi*s are ail severe : practically oner * sraulativ* poivon. the tissues oi th cities arc found ia There are alio coothe hair and sad* detected about two ig at Sposur* cod' -ha and tootuns or is terminated, f to a consider* jeyi sad' can be thin a few hours oi to tad for a long ait of 0.3 mg/m1 a ircumufaKnn of a tseftic in the bod*. (2. 3-dithio-prop*xa an antidote for It ia' effective in g from otherwise cate compound* atom of exists** sue industrial pni: likely to be the sin*, produced acohas been generated rial which contain* to reported in d* tea, in the bandit** ht metal* plant, m ] which have held acid*, in the dram contaminated w-ith ltioa of admium ia other dtt the red cell*. After :-n sign* ire dc*** some time *h* * damaged r*d ark or blocJr INDUSTRIAL POISONS <0-7 arine. The kidneys may then become too dogged to operate at all.' The possibility of arsioe formation should ilwrays be considered when there is hydro* gea formadoa around the active metal* or around ore* of the heavy metals, line* ar* scaic ia widely distributed ia imall imouau sad only a trace of it ia required to pro duce enough arsine to he troublesome. On* of the more common sources of arsine incidents in recent years has been the han dling of dross from the aluminum reining of metals* Probably the mou significant observation about these ases, aside from the fact that the moisture in the atmosphere is enough to form arsine, is the fact that the people lovolvcd ia them have not been aw-are of the gsrlic-IIk* odor which is supposed to be t warning of tb* presence of arsine. The extremely high acute toxiciry is re fected in tbe threshold concentration of 0.03 ppm. Arsine, ia very small mounts, is also capable of producing a chronic type of poisoning, but it is more typically a source of acute episodes. Aibeitai is a hydrated magnesium silicate found ia the minerals chrysotile, amianthus, sctinoliie sad tretnolitc. Practically ail the commercial asbestos is cither chrysotile or amianthus, and about 90 per cent of that used in this country is chrysotile. It is used almost exclusively for heat injuiatioo or for textiles which must resist high temperature, such as beat-resistant dothing and brake lininge- Inhxiation of excessive quantities of as bestos fiber can produce a fibresis ia the lungs similar to that found in silicosis but somewhat milder and usually not so rapidly progressive. Like silicosis, the condition de velops slowly sod advances slowly and is squally resistant to treatment. Prevention Is essentially dust control. A maximum dust concentration of 3 millioa particles per cubic foot has beta suggested, precisely as for pure free silio. Series), id the form of its soluble salts, is both toxic on ingestion sod inhalation and highly caustic when applied to the skin. Tbe carbonate and sulfide ar* sufficiently "Acsin*. Poisoning. Epidemiologic Stud ies of an Outbreak Following Exposure to Cases from Metallic Dross." Louis W. Spotyar, R. N. Harger, Archive! of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, 8:419-- 4Jd (1950). soluble to be toxic, although oot very caus* tie. The sulfate, which ia used as a contrast medium ia X-ray work, is too insoluble to show any toxicity, sod soluble sulfates are specifii: antidotes for ingested barium salts. Since these salts produce violent stimula tion of all muscle, upoo ingestion they pro duce severe disturbances of the digestive system. After absorption, the barium aits produce an increase of blood pressure by constriction of the arterial muscle, a slow heart beat by an action similar to that of digitalis on tb* heart, and first excitation and then paralysis of tbe central nervous sys tem. Ia spite of the high inherent toxicity, there arc few caacs of industrial poisoning with barium. Barium ia a heavy metal, and the dust of die Insoluble salts will collect in the lungs and give rise to the condition known as barttosis. Its nodular appmrance on X-ray film may be mistaken for that of silicosis. Ma showing the sign of baritosis ar* appatently oot disabled or tncoovcnicaced ia say way. Bantrna is t colorless, flammable, volatile liquid with a rather pleasant aromatic odor. Its fire haxard is between that of ethyl llcohol and that of ether. Tba greatest hazard it that of chronic poitoning by inhalation oi comparatively imall amounts over a long pe riod oi time. It it one of the turn or three molt dangeront organic lolvmli in com mercial me. Tbe action is primarily on the bloodforming organs, producing severe anemia, bleeding under the skin, and great reduc tion ia tbe ability of tbe blood to clot. Tbe exteat of chronic exposure to benzene may be determined qualitatively by measuremeat of the ratio of organic to inorganic sulfates in (he urine. The most convenient measurement of damage is given by s blood couac. People who may be exposed to benacoe vapor should have blood couais at regular intervals. Consistent change ia the blood couat should be closely investigated. Par ticularly significant chaoges are diminution ia the total numbers of red cells, platelets, or white cells. Headaches, dizriness, fatigue, loss of ap- petite, irritability, nervousoeis, nosebleed, and other signs of abnormalities of the blood may or may not be present in chrome poisoning.