Document b5zbzX6R3mpRXmRger9y01Qz1

FILE NAME: Owens Illinois Library (OWL) DATE: 1942 DOC#: OWL020 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Relevant Abstracts from The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology THE JOURNAL OF C4 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE a n d TOXICOLOGY VOLUME 24 JANUARY, 1942--DECEMBER 194* PUBLISHED BY THE WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY Baltimore, Md. i v> vi- Cc SIR THOMAS OLIVER iInnc poi T H E editors of the Journal of Industrial phorus and white lead poisoning. He served on of Hygiene an d Toxicology announce with the W hite Lead Commission, attended the Inter ad- regret the death of Sir Thom as Oliver on national Congress on Hygiene in M adrid in 1898, inf May 15th, 1942, in his 90th year. He was one of took p art in the enquiry into Lucifer Matches and : Ic the earliest associate editors of this Journal, and Pottery, and was a member of the Dangerous li one of the first scientists to become interested in Trades Committee. One of his chief contribu the field of industrial hygiene. His contributions tions to industrial hygiene was his succcss in ma to scientific and medical journals were numerous, influencing the government to abolish female (o: induding many artides on industrial disease. labor in the white lead industry. Since 1937 he a Sir Thomas Oliver graduated from Glasgow has been President of the Royal Institute of Public K University in 1875, and practiced medicine in H ealth and Hygiene. He edited "Dangerous Newcastle, and a t the time of his death was Trades, Historical, Higher Aspects of Industrial Tl emeritus professor of medicine in the University ita of Durham . H e early became interested in in Occupations as Affecting H ealth," and published ! dei dustrial disease and the welfare of industrial "Diseases of Occupation, from the Legislative, 1 *PI workers. His particular interest was in lead Social and Medical Points of View." hr; poisoning, and he was on the boards of many The Journal of Industrial Hygiene has lost one of \ government commissions, enquiring into the of its oldest and most distinguished editors, and of a various poisonings which resulted from the dif the field of industrial hygiene has lost a pioneer val ferent glazes used in pottery making, into phos worker. fyi r* to Uc Ocx \> V 8 1 vole / and white lead poisoning. H e served on lite Lead Commission, attended the In ter' 1 Congress on H ygiene in M adrid in 1898, ; rt in the enquiry into Lucifer M atches and -- , and was a member of the Dangerous Committee. One of his chief contribu- , ) industrial hygiene was his success in ng the governm ent to abolish female the white lead industry. Since 1937 he i President of the R oyal Institute of Public j and Hygiene. He edited " Dangerous i Historical, Higher Aspects of Industrial 'ons as Affecting H ealth," and published ! .5 of Occupation, from the Legislative, ' id Medical Points of View." aumal of Industrial Hygiene has lost one lest and most distinguished editors, and of industrial hygiene has lost a pioneer V BOOK REVIEW S VOLOMETMC ANALYSIS, VOLUME I. By I. U . KcUkojf and V. A . Stenger. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, N .Y ., X V + 309 pages. 1942. (84.50). This book is, as the authors state, a thorough re vision and enlargement of the 1928 English translation. Considerable new material has been added, especially ht the section on oxidation reduction indicators,-- Deluding a selected fist of indicators having oxidation potentials between 0.24 and 1JO volts. The principles of polarimetrie titrations have been introduced. In addition, a detailed quantitative discussion concern ing errors caused by mixed crystal formation is given for the first time. The chapter on Stability of Solu tions has been transferred to the revised second volume. This work is a theoretical treatment of the subject malting posable the development of new titration methods, the improvement of old procedures and the formulation of titration errors. The authors stress the important fact th at theory is only a guide and that resu!tsderived therefrom roust be tested experimentally. The authors have produced a fine piece of work. The first chapter is exceedingly well written and readily understandable, even to the beginning stu dent The table of arid-base indicators and the appendix, which contains ionization constants of a large number of acids and bases and solubility products of various salts and alkaloids, and oxidation potentials of a large number of Red-Ox systems are of particular value. The placing of detailed material in smaller type and of critical definitions and statements in italics greatly facilitates the reading. This work is a credit to both the authors and the publishers.--Ralph W. McKee. Occupational tu m o es a n d a l l ie d d is e a s e s . By W.'C.Bueper. C. C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois. 896 pp.,1942. (88.00). This book is undoubtedly the most useful single- volume source of information concerning occupational tumors that has been published to date. Its organiza tion, bibliographic documentation, and mdex are excellent The first of its fourteen chapters is devoted to a general discussion of occupation as it may influence tumor development In chapters two to eleven, beginning with the skin and ending with the sex organs, the various tumors which are or may be caused or affected by occupation are described. Chapters twelve and thirteen are devoted respectively to "Spe cial Aspects of Occupational Tumors" and "The Rela tion of Occupational Neoplasia to Theories of Cancerigenesis." Chapter fourteen is concerned with " Medicolegal and Public Health Aspects." The book will be a valuable acquisition to any medical library if for no other reason than because of chapters 2 ,4 , 5, and 7. These deal with occupational tumors of the skin, lungs, urinary organs, and skeletal system. Although the merits of the book greatly outweigh its defects, the latter are in some instances rather serious. The reader will be well advised to exercise considerable caution in the acceptance of certain opinions. Conclusions based on inconclusive and controversial evidence are occasionally advanced as though they were accepted facts and the uninformed or uncritical reader may find it difficult in places to distinguish between what is and what may be true. Thus, for example, on page 341 it is stated that, "The majority of the malignant neoplasms involving the lips and the oral cavity are generally the result of direct contact of exogenous carcinogenic agents with the mucous membranes of these organs. A similar mecha nism is responsible for the periampullary cancers of the duodenum, as these are located in an area of intense and primary contact with a carcinogenic agent contained in the bile, and entering the duodenum a t the papilla Vateri." Fortunately such ili-advised statements are few in number. I t is to be hoped that they will be corrected in the next revision.--Alan R. Moriti. P rocurement and Assignment Sesvice IN T H E offices of the S tate M edical Chairmen for the Procurement and Assignment Serv ice, there are list of physicians who have indicated their willingness or desire to go into industrial medicine. T he names of these physicians m ay be secured by writing to the State Medical Chairman in the vD TOXICOLOGY ABSTRACT SUBJECT AND AUTHOR INDEX 343 TAOX . Assn., J . : Vitamins and colds.......... 51 Health Assru, report: Chemical meth- air analysis (Goldman, F. H., Chair- ' ............................... 142 coniosis, 1941-1942 (Sayers)............... 140 solvents, 1941-1942 (Smyth, H . F., ............................................................... 138 1942: Ventilation and atmospheric ion........................................................... 185 leaf, and Vent. Eng., Com. on Instru- , . report, 1942: Measurement of the J al properties o( the therm al environ- ........ .. ..................................................... 165 lards Assn.: American standard for ng, polishing and buffing equipment tion. Z43--1941.................................. 64 electroplating operations, Z9.1--1941 64 au Soc.: Report of the committee on rial tuberculosis, 1942..................... 154 latic, and nitro compounds, toxicity otential dangers, U.S.P.H.S., Bull. '1 , (von Oettingen, W. F.) 1941...... 118 , as cause of bladder neoplasms, occu- al disease (Castrovilli, G .)................... 37_ acid, failure of, to increase the work ty of human subjects (King, McCaleb, dy and Klumpp)............................. 88 iir, determination of (Utelchin).... 17 B.: Heat loss studies in four identical -.gs to determine the effect of insula- ........................................................... ,, 1 8 5 .Ison P . see Ayres, Sam uel, Jr. ol, measurement of the erythrocytes e, P.)............................................... 90 tests for (Browning, E th el)................ 154 ther-oxygen-helium mixtures, inflam- y of (Jones, Kennedy and Thomas). 61 d see Holleb, H erbert H . rute poisoning from (Benton, G. R. Barge, 0 . J.)..................................... 92 accident due to (Benassi, G .)........ 40 st and tubercle bacilli, experimental tion (Cummins)................................... 16 -uman, pulmonary (Nittono, F ..... 101 Taylor, F . A .).................................. 101 Jus tropicus resembling B. anthrads a ).......................................................... 36 Aodgson, A. E .)...... -73 mated by arsenicals and sulphapyri- avidson, I. M .)................................... SI of equipment in leather factories I. A 0 ................................................. M isinfection of animal hair by steam E. and Heicken, K .).................... 8* -vous sequels (Piere and Schlachter) * -Ja antiserum and suffathiazole ana, Camel and Bloomer)......... SI and insecticides, agricultural, poi- fleet of (Hugouneng, L .)............. S3 allpan, L. *" ` ecord: A progress report on radiant and cooling.................................... 143 W. see Cole, P . A. ; Miller, William T. and nitro compounds, toxicity and dangers, U.S.P.H.S., BuU. No. 271, ^ -tinge, W. F.) 1941.................... 1 d in urine (Webster)............ _......... * hronic, as cause of carcinoma R. and Simon, L .).......................... ad therapy (Hainan, A .)........... ** Arsine poisoning in metal industries (Humper dinck, K .)............................................... . . . . 54 Asbeck, F.: Dermatitis by oil................................. 139 Bakers, asthma of (Valliry-Radot and Blamoutier). 135 pneumoconiosis (Wohlhueter and others)............ 183 Bakery, night work prohibited, Finland................. 26 Asbestos, chrysotile, as indicator of subtile differ ences in animal tissues (Gardner, L. U .).... 160 workers, occupational cancer among (Linzbach, Bambach, K. see Cholak, J. Banszky, L.: X-ray examinations for tuberculosis. 135 Barborka, C. J. see Foltz, E. Barium carbonate fumes, respiratory effects (Amer. Med. Assn., J .).............................................. 13 Basedow's disease, from carbon monoxide poison ing (Mahaim)...................... 6 Beck, H ..G .: A study of the effects of combustion A. J . and Wedler, H. W.)............................... 40 products of natural gas upon public health.. 178 ^sbestosis, pulmonary, in association with bron- Behn, G.B. seeHastings, D. R. chiogenic carcinoma (Holleb, H. H. and Bebnemas, H . M. F.: Medical aspects of industrial A ngrist,A .).................................................. 101 poisons............................................................ 138 roentgenology of (Mastrosunone, G.).......... 57Behnke, Albert R., Jr.: Investigations concerned Ash, S. H . see Harrington, D. with problems of high altitude flying and Aslett, E . An H art, P . D'A., M artin, W. J-, and deep diving.................................................... 169 Russell, W. T.: Physical type in pneumo Behrmann, H . T. seeLevin, O. L. coniosis.............................................................. 14 Bell method of air studies, out-of-doors (Liesegang, Asphyxia, blood carbon monoxide content in (Loep- W .)........................................................ 185 er and Tonnet)................................................. 17 Bellows, J. G. and Chinn, H .: Biochemistry of the Asthma, occupational, and vasomotor rhinitis. lens. XIV. Pathogenesis of electric cat (Sternberg, L. and Sorrell, A. H .)................. 72 aract............................................................... 60 of bakers and millers (Vallfiry-Radot and Blam- Benassi, G .: A fatal accident attributed to anoxia.. 40 outier, F .).......................... ......................... 135 Atmospheric pollution seealsoAerobiology, Air con ditioning and Ventilation Bennett, F. W.: Five years' experience of foreign bodies in industry......................................... 105 Benson, Otis O., Jr. see Pinson, E . A. and ventilation (Amer. J. Pub. Health, Year Benton, G. R. and LaBarge, O, J.: Acute poisoning Book, 1942)......... 185 from aniline oil.............................................. 92 behavior of microscopic particles in the air and Benzene see also Benzol in respiratory system (Hatch, Theodore F.) 184 Benzene, analysis of toluene for (Cole and Arm bell method (Liesegang, W.)................................ 185 strong) ............................................................. 125 pollen concentration of the atmosphere (Dahl, A. O. and Ellis, R. V.).......................... : . . . 144 Atm ospheric su lfu r dioxide, fluctuations of and benzine, acute and subacute poisoning (Petrini, M .)......................................................... 54 carbon tetrachloride, effects of, on the organism. (Youden)........................................................ 17 IV. (Mytnick, P. Ya.).................................... 156 ' Aub, J . C. and Fairhall, L. T.: Excretion of silver 1 in urine............................................................ 71 determination of, in the air of industrial plants (Alekseeva, M. V.)......................................... 101 :Aviation, effect of flight upon hearing (Campbell, hazards in vulcanizing (Humperdinck)................. 10 i Paul A.).......................................................... 170 in air, apparatus for signalling dangerous concen industrial hygiene in relation to (Dowd, K. E .).. 113. trations of (Kogan, I. B.).............................. 164 industrial medicine in (Poole, F. E .).................. 170 orthodichior- (Riedel)............................................. 11 ! medicine, developments, for the year poisoning and hypovitaminosis (Heim de Balzac, | (A dam s,!. C .)............................................... I l l i medicine, problems affecting military aviation (Grant, D. N. W .)......................................... I l l H. and others)................................................ 119 industrial, and its remedies (Florentin, D .)____ 90 prevention of (Weil, P. E .)................................ 54 ' problems of high altitude flying, and physical Benzine and benzene, acute and subacute poison fitness for military service (Behnke, Al ing (Petrini, M .).............................................. 54 bert R., J r.).................................................... 169 Benzol see also Benzene j problems of protecting flying personnel against Benzol anemia, measurement of the erythrocytes ! j extremes of temperature (Pinson, E. A. and (Claisse, P .)................................................ 90 t Benson, O. O., J r.)......................................... ISO poisoning, clinical forms: prognosis and prophy- . Avitaminosis in oil workers (Earle, K. V.)............. 192 laxis (Lecheile, Coste, Thieffry and Cu- Ayers, Samuel, J r. and Anderson, Nelson P.: So- adrono)........................................................... 90 < called fungus infections of the hand............ 121 poisoning, occupational and legislation Bacillus anthracis, resemblance of B. tropicus to (Guye, P .)...................................................... 179 1 (Heaslip, W. G .) ............................................. 36 poisoning, sulfate determination in urine, for Bacteria, air-borne, aerosol sterilisation of, (Wil| liamson, A. E . and Gotaas, H. B .)............... 65 air-borne, slit sampler for collecting and counting early diagnosis of (Jordi and Leuthard)___158 Benzpyrene content of tar, carcinogenic effect (Miescher, Almasy, Zehender)..................... 3 j (Bourdillon, Lidwell and Thomas)............... 16 Berger, H .: Danger of accidents from adding oxy .injair, electrostatic method for collecting (Berry) 16 gen to the air................................................. 24 Badham, C.: Report of the medical officer of indus trial hygiene for the year ended Dec. 31, ' 1939 (New South Wales)............................... 100 wemstein, H . D . and Grand, J. A.: The effect of lead acetate on oxygen uptake of rat liver slices................................................ 137 Relation of protein intake to lead poisoning in r a t s ............................... 95 and G rand, J . A., and Neal, Paul A.: The Berger, L. B. see Schrenk, H. H . Bernz, N . R .: Dust counts and their significance.. 142 (con't.)........................................................... 163 Berry, C. M .: An electrostatic method for collecting bacteria from air (U.S.PJi. Reports, Oct. 17,1941)........................................................ 16 Biederman, J. B.: Preliminary report on a new eye particle remover............................................ 106 , effect of protein intake on lead poisoning... 136 "her, A. H ., and Twort, C. C.: The effect of hu midity of air on the disinfection capacity of mechanically atomized and heat-volatilized germicidal aerosols......................................... 16 160 JOURNAL OF IND USTRIAL HY GIENE AND TOXICOLOGY (w!. 24, n. i #: fig 1942) though there is no history of contact with scarlet red. Physical exam ination is essentially negative except for dermatitis, and discharging sore on left leg. Patch tests were positive for scarlet red, paraphenylcndiaminc, and methyl orange as well as numerous articles of clothing. T he patient later developed derm atitis due to exposure to varnish. Following treatm ent with X-ray, histamine therapy, and avoidance of contact with dyed clothing and paints, the lesions disappeared and the patient has remained symptom free for two years. I t is well to remember in contact derm atitis, th a t a patient, following a late n t period, may develop a gen eralized sensitivity, such as appeared to have occurred in this case.--C. E . Wilson. C alluses on h ands of hat w orkers. J. A. M. A. 0Queries and minor notes), vol. 119, p. 917 (July 11, 1942). The extent of callus formation among workers occu pied in blocking felt hats probably is partially based on an individual disposition. Persons with a tendency to ichthyosis, xerosis and hyperhidrosis arc said tu L more inclined to have calluses than "normal" person Treatm ent of calluses--which to a certain dept* protect the worker's hands against steam, acids u/. friction--is usually not indicated unless they becom painful, eczematized or fissured. If, however, sir.* treatm ent becomes necessary, the hands should U soaked for 1 or 2 days (1 hour, 4 times daily) in arc boric acid solution; soaking is to be followed by it, application of a 10 to 20% salicylic acid ointment ( several days, after which time the excessive horn, tissue can be shaved off with a scalpel. Fissures sbuuL' be painted twice daily with a 10% silver mint, solution. In cases of resistant calluses intensive roentgen im diation can be tried, but this is usually followed by recurrence if the worker resumes his regular occupatioe T he tendency to hyperkeratosis and Assuring can U reduced in some cases by the ingestion of large doses cf vitam in A or by thyroid medication. In suitable in stances rubber gloves may be worn as a protector measure.--J . A . M. A. Hi Jn an examination of 500 under Ljyjng lengths of service. 21 inst. gffUwere found, 10 without and 11 tuberculosis. Silicosis was i ^ basis of radiological appearance jignosis was fairly high, and th ported m ay be an underestimate, incidence of pulmonary tuL th at of silicosis and, in the viitutes a much greater menace t In the course of the exam: ;ed underground employees of 4 cases of active pulmonary were found, and 20 of tul of definite silicosis, a total i; of these cases were entirely un ieved th a t none was receiving n the total of 560 persons examin showed pathological signs in th> or physical examination whid illy advanced to justify definite i a good proportion of these cases' DUST HAZARDS AND THEIR EFFECTS is suggested th a t compulsory regi be introduced, th at pulmonary Ch sv so t il e a sb e st o s a s a n in dic ato r o f s u b t il e d if 2. The average total content of silica in the lunjs t! __ !enotifiable throughout the Colony. f e r e n c e s i n a n im a l t is s u e s . Ltxoy V . Gardner. Am. Rev. Tuberc., vol. 45, pp. 762-766 (June 1942). In the course of experiments upon the action of asbestos fibres upon living tissue it has been observed th a t this irritant is not like finely divided quartz, which provokes specific cellular responses in any organ of all th e male is higher than th a t of the female. 3. The percentage of cases of apical scars inerca-r. w ith age and with the grade of the total silica cunu:.: of the lung. 4. Of the cases of apical scars 97.0% reveal evident of healed tuberculosis elsewhere in the lung or hiiut jtts dust concentrations and atmosp $'measured and recorded for use.-- 1 o u m o n o c o n io s is e n c o u n t e r e d i n b i ERS. R. Harold Jones, J . A . .1. '. 611-615 (June 20, 1942). species of animals investigated (tadpoles, fish, chickens, lymph nodes. ig a four-year period, 86 cases < mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, monkeys 5. The average total content of silica in lungs p o s t iftovered in a group of miners of bitum and m an). Asbestos fibres are acted upon to produce ing apical scars is higher than in those lungs that d? j series nly those cases were included the " bodies," described by Cooke, only in the lungs of a few species like m an, guinea pigs and white mice. T hey do not form in other organs of these species nor have they been observed in the lungs of white ra ts or dogs; in rabbits' and cats' lungs there are occasional atypical ones. Fibrous tissue reaction is also limited to the lungs, but none a t all has developed in those of not have apical scars. 6. On the basis of 200 cases the incidence of hcakc tuberculosis in the lungs is 88.5%. 7. On the basis of 133 cases of apical scars the im.' dence of " specific silicotic" apical scars is 5.3%, ami u.< silica content in these specific cases is relatively hici 8. On the same basis the incidence of the "sperm, Rf to bituminous coal was tbe only kn Industrial history, medical histor; ntgenography, sputum and blood anal ill cases. Each respective case was c. cage 1 ,2 , or 3 of silicosis.' The following Sage 1--Those cases showing a fine nod mice and dogs. T h e subtile differences in tissues re tuberculous" apical scars is 12.8%, and the avera;, --------ice w ith no, or only partial, o! sponsible for such variation have no t been identified silica content in these cases is considerably lower *, markings. Nodules measured less ; b u t they may be of significance to the general problem of host resistance to other irritants like tubercle bacilli. -- Author's summary. compared to the "specific silicotic" scars. 9. The incidence of the silicotic nodule in the nor.- silicotic lung is 10.5%.--Author's summary. 57 cases. ge 2--Nodules dem onstrated exceedi aiieter w ith associated emphysema--2( S i l i c o n i n n o n s i u c o t i c l u n g s : i t s r e l a t io n t o An in t e r i m r e p o r t o n t h e p r e v a l e n c e o f siu c o s;- a p ic a l sc a r s a n d t o n o d u l e s . George J . McBeJey, AND TUBERCULOSIS AMONG MINE WORKERS IN n r J . Lab. and G in. Med., vol. 27, pp. 1023-1035 (May GOLD c o ast. A . J. Murray and J . A . Crocket, lor. 1942). don: Crown Agents for the Colonies. 1941. 1. Antbracotic and siiicious d u st deposits in the lung This is a preliminary report concerning mine em tissue increase with age, and the grade of anthracosis ployees working in the gold mines in the Tarkwa am in a given lung is a rough index to the relative am ount of the Gold Coast. Its purpose is to show that silicon of silica deposits present in th e same lung, since silica and tuberculosis occur amongst native mine worker?, \e J --Pronounced symptoms. Erapl abated a t the bases or the apexes; c nee due to the coalescence of a pc les--9 cases. Thirteen patients, or series, were classified as being dis. ingest patient was 26 and the oldest 79. apd employment was not significant, ft of employment being 28 years. T he gr deposits occur in conjunction w ith antbracotic deposits and th a t the incidence of these diseases calls for iurthrr and in corresponding amounts. investigation. 40 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HY GIEN E AND TOXICOLOGY val. 24, no. I afterw ards the bronchi were filled w ith 'aluminum dust. Anatomic examination made a t various intervals up to 15 days a lte r the last inhalation showed th at the lung purifies itself very quickly. Only a small part remains in several places. The particles are phagocytosed by alveolar epithelium. Aluminum dust is inert as is coal dust and no fibrosis is found. The author says th a t the experiments covered too short a tim e to allow conclusions--bu t he draws conclusions. --L. Tdeky. Occ upatio na l cancer among asbesto s w orkers. A . J . Linzbach and B . IF, Wedler. Virchows Arch. / . path. Anal., tol. 307, pp. 387-409 (1941). A 61 year old worker had worked in an asbestos p lan t from 1921-1939. After 3 yrs. of work he had had respiratory disturbances and a t that time changed his working place so th a t he was scarcely exposed to du st. T he development of his asbeatosis has been followed radiologically since 1934; by February 1933 there was asbestosis stage i n and dense basal fibrosis. The complaints increased. In February, 1940 then was a sharply defined, intensive, nearly homogenous shadow the size of a child's fist above the right dia phragra. Some less dense spots were seen within this shadow in M ay and later, a large cavity. From that, a cancer was diagnosed. Post mortem there was see:, a chronic interstitial pneumonia which showed a very specific peculiarity. Asbestosis bodies were scattered irregularly all over the lungs. The cancer was a squamous cell carcinoma. The author discusses the literature thoroughly and concludes that asbcstotic fibrosis creates a local disposition to cancer; one factor is the mechanical irritation from hornblende asbestos, the other the chemical irritation from silicic acid de rived from the easily soluble serpentine asbestosis. T he study of this case for many years, the exact case history (Wedler) and the exact description of the pathologic findings (Linzbach) make this publication very valuable.--L. Tdeky. DUST, SMOKE, FUMES AND VAPORS: T H E IR D ETER M IN A TIO N AND ELIMINATION A RAPID METHOD TOR THE MICROANALYSIS OP LEAD. L. T. Fairhall and R. G. Keenan. J. Am. Chem. Sac., tol. 63, pp. 3076-3079 (Nov. 1941). Use authors present data to show that the apparent lead content of urine as indicated by the dithizone procedure is greater than the chemical separation of the total lead from large urine volumes. A rapid procedure for large urine volumes is described. The urine is adjusted to pH 10 w ith NILOH. After allowing the precipitate to settle it is filtered and washed w ith E tO H . The precipitate, after being transferred to a beaker and dissolved with HNOi, is boiled for 15 min. Citric acid is added and the sam ple is neutralized w ith NHiOH. The lead is extracted w ith dithizone, is then removed from the dithizone w ith nitric a d d and determined as the chromate by the Fairhall method, using sodium thiosulfate.--edit Silverman. In s t r u m e n t a l m eth o ds of chem ical analysis. R. B . Mller. Ind. & Eng. Cketn., Anal. Ed., tol. 13, pp. 667-754 (Oct., 1941). A profusely illustrated monograph with a bibliog raphy of 313 references.--Philip Drinker. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF TH E SK IN AND SPECIAL SENSES G e n e r a l iz e d co nta ct d e r m a t it is ( lea t h e r ). A . B. Cannon. Arck. Derm. & SyphiL, voi. 44, p. 1156 (Sac. Irons.) (Dec. 1941). A 65 yr. old shoemaker was presented. He had suffered for 6 m onths from a generalized dermatitis -which began on the legs as a red, intensely itchy papular eruption. T he itching comes in waves a t intervals of -about 15 min. There is generalized redness, swelling, scaling and crusting, especially on the extremities, with irregular patches on the trunk. When tested with all th e leathers he works with, it was found that he was sensitive only to the outer surface of black leather.-- Eden Lawson. The d y n a m ic s o r o c c u p a t io n a l n y st a g m u s. V. A. Paneta and B . / . Medvedev. Viestnik Opht., vol. 18, pi. 2, p. 189 (1941). As a result of this study, made a t the Institute of Hygiene and Work, the authors question the validity of th e accepted view th a t the development o minis1 nystagm us calls for a transfer of the worker to surface labor. T he m aterial studied shows th a t miners with compensated nystagmus m ay remain a t their jobs and those w ith mild forms w ithout disagreeable subjective sym ptoms m ay remain in the mines doing lighter work, w ithout danger to their vision.-- Ray K. Daily (Am. J.Ophlh.). OCCURRENCE AND PREVENTION O F INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS A c c id e n t s a m o n g -p u n c h e r s . . Zanelli. Med. del lavoro, voi. 32, pp. 89-96 (1941). The author investigated the rate of accidents among punchers. Of those who used a hand lever, 13% had had an accident. 31% of those operating their machine w ith a pedal had suffered injuries, and 35.3% oi those working on autom atic machines. M ost of these persons had had only 1 accident, and m ost had occurred in the first years of work.--L. Tdeky. A FATAL ACCIDENT ATTRIBUTED TO ANOXIA. G. Benassi. Rase. mtd. ind., vol. 12, pp. 423-428 (1941). T h e author published in the same journal (April, 1940) a fa ta l case which had occurred in an underground / CE A N D TO X IC O LO G Y M .-, ,1942) ABSTRACTS 101 LICOSIS I N STOURBRIDCE FIRECLAY L u x t of a n t h r a c o sis. F. A . Taylor. Proc. lung, such as atelectasis, healed tubercles, fibrosis or Deaner. Lancet, pp. 417-420 (Oct. 11, 194^ I j-\. Exptl. Biol. Sc Med., vol. 48, pp. 70--72 (Oct. healed pleuritis, had more pigment than normal tissue. 'Fireclay" is a te n s applied to refr .*41). The dust is removed from the latter more effectively . clays which do no t fuse when exposed? [ !. bas been a m atter of controversy whether the pig- by the passage of air. Of 108 cases studied, only 4 lerable heat; they owe this property to their] it found in anthracite lungs is the soot originally had anthracosis involving spleen, liver, heart and free silica. These d a y s occur just beneath] |r.-sited therein or a product of hemorrhage and in- kidney. This is said to result from hematogenous ;asures, in the Stourbridge area beneath thej atkm. T reatm ent of the lungs with concen- metastasis of the dust particles from the lungs.-- ale. M iners getting this clay are exposedJ I hydrochloric yielded a product high in nitrogen, Biol. Abstrs. ntaining free silica in sufficient am ount (a i led some authors to take the la tte r view. In the case of granite dust) to set up tru e ] te findings are reported of one miner who h i ) itched since 1934 and died recently. To x? ngs showed progressive fibrosis; and aulot aled th e existence of silico-anthracosis. jg tients, still alive, are described who have] rtificatcs of disablem ent by reason of silic itribution of the lesions of fibrosis is, ally, mid-zone; the root shadows are not i larged. Dyspnea on exertion has been ths.i author's experiments uncontam inated calf lung i on acid treatm ent an insoluble residue containing | 10% nitrogen. However, on treatm ent with -ne hypochlorite or by papain digestion followed hvpochlorite there was only a trace of residue, ^an an anthracotic lung was given the hypochlorite umcnt, a pigment was isolated, and three samples uined 0.4 to 0.8% nitrogen, compared with 0.4% r wot. The results leave no doubt th a t the pigment 14citemal origin.--F. F. Rupert. BRONCHIOGENIC CARCINOMA IN ASSOCIATION WITH PULMONARY ASBESTOSIS. REPORT OF 2 CASES. V " Herbert H. Holleb and Alfred Angrist. A m . J . Path., vol. 18, pp. 123-135 (Jan. 1942). 2 cases are reported in which men in the fifth decade of Ufe were found to have both a primary carcinoma and asbestosis of the lungs. A table listing 10 reported cases, collected from the literature, in which a car cinoma and asbestosis of the lungs was found, is pre sented. The authors briefly consider the possible nptom, a sso d a ted w ith pleuritic p a in~ andl> | ig h t N o tubercle bacilli were found in any i cases. (T he curious thing about the . ions occurring in these miners is th a t they^h* ^dispose to tuberculosis, which infection w > in recognized to be unusually prevalent i it is am ong sandstone masons and gold-n L. CoUis (Bull, c f Hyg.). PORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF (YCIENE FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER S t ? ~. Badham. New South Wales, Report of 1 General o f Public Health for Year 1939. SHS ON HUMAN PULMONARY ANTHRACOSIS. F. | torn). Sot. Path. Jap. Trans., vol. 30, pp. 290: JM(1940). f a 69 cases of anthracosis there was no difference in >mount of pigment in the lungs. In general there so difference between the upper and lower lobes. middle lobe of the right lung had the least am ount i wment. The costal surface of the lung had the pigment and the interlobar pleurae the least. <phagocytic cells th a t ingest the dust are derived >the alveolar epithelium. Less active areas of the relationship between the two disease processes. How ever, they conclude th at the data from 2 cases are insufficient lo i a statistical evaluation. Caution in ascribing a relationship between car cinoma and asbestosis on the basis of 2 cases is justified. In the first case, the location of the carcinoma as described in the right main stem bronchus is a region least affected in asbestosis. It, however, is in an area where carcinoma is frequently found in persons who have not been exposed to an asbestos hazard.-- Reuben Z. Schulz. 1941). ^ This rep o rt com prises "S tudies in IndusttMJ DUST, SMOKE, FUMES, VAPORS: DETERM INATION AND ELIMINATION ae No. 20" which deals w ith the chemical ! NATION OF ACETYLENE IN THE AIR OF IN- imetrically. A t velocities over 10 1/min. some CtHj . pathology of th e lungs in coal m in e n ^ P I ytrial plants. E. A. Finkelsktein. Zavodskaya passes into the second trap . The presence of 0 in the .th Wales. 30 lungs of coalminers who) j U), xol. 9, pp. 52-54 (1940). air has no effect on the results of the determinations. the different coal fields are concerned, oQ :h details are presented. The coal-dust] [ 1 aethod was developed for determ ining small ats of CHj in concentrations up to 0.0005 The determinations required from 30 min to 2 hrs.-- IT. R. Eenn (Chem. Abstrs.). umoconiosis was found in 23 cases; 6 witl erience entailing exposure to silica dust, I :oal d u st, show ed th e silicosis type; SMC t mining life w as norm al. Only 1, a siBeS .. rculous; th e am ount of free silica foRw? * test in th is instance. Generally, less fij* found in the coal-dust type than in the! ture m onograph is promised in which t b t | given will contribute to an attem pt to j mineral content of th e lungs of coal-m irt*' industrial history. A t present the m l : is th a t, while active free silica o r i j W j j a l silicotic response, others, so-called inert * xed w ith th e free silica, m ay so modify # * JJ| the type of response which appears is a r t* j tic type. H ow fa r this type of reaction is* kcunl. of air. Two traps were connected in series; ' consisted of glass tubes (1.1 mm. in diameter) I coils immersed in liquid O and filled w ith 8.55 1<fC (diameter of the grains 1-3 mm., height of the **r 9 cm). Through these was passed a mixture 1Wilt and Nt. Before each experiment the C was to 120-150 and the gases were forced out. >temperature of the gas over the C was measured calibrated Cu-constantan thermocouple and 1constant a t 181-183. The adsorption was dis card after 1 cc of N was passed through the >and all gas expelled from the gasholder. The ri*d gas was desorbed into Petri tubes filled with V reagent. Desorption a t first took place owing >brat exchange with the surrounding atmosphere. 1oiplete desorption, the traps were heated to M ag nesium a c etate a s an ashing agent in flu o r in e a n a l y s is . Wm. E. Crutchfield. Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., vol. 14, pp. 57-58 (1942). In determ ining less th an 0.1 mg of F in biological fluids there is danger of losing some F during the ashing of the sample. M any of the ashing agents recom mended in the literature are likely themselves to contain F. Some 2000 analyses were made with fair success when MgOi was used bu t difficulty was en countered w ith some samples of food. Pure Mg(OAc)j prepared from electrolytic Mg was found excellent. The blank is negligible and more concordant. In 64 cited results the greatest error appears to be 36.9% in determining 0.084 mg. of F.--W. T. Hall (Chem. Abstrs.). :ert dusts, an d how fa r to the minimal f V blowing with N . T h e completion of desorption D e t e r m in a t io n o f b e n z e n e i n t h e a ir o f in d u s t r ia l ilica form ed w ith th e inert dusts, cannot ^ *^irrmined by the absence of color in the Ilosvay p l a n t s. -V. V. Alekseeva. Okhrana Truda, no. 8, mined.--F. F. Rupert. *.!. The am ount of C:Hi was determined color- p. 38 (1940). ;vsH- . AND TOXICOLOGY lw L 24' $ m v * . M 2 ] ABSTRACTS 57 5 TEST IK EXPERIMENTAL ETHYLENE G i f nc. 0 . Cortesc. Ross. Med. indust., -383 (1941). :'s test tries to find out the filtering ] glomeruli by measuring the am ount of < eted after intake of a given quantitj ;lvcoL The author injected s u b c u t__ The possible development of an endemic osteoscleI'u s is present in regions where the fluorine content of I pcdrinking water is especially high or where th e use of I ti:cr is great. There follows a discussion of observa[yesfrom the recent literature which strengthens this .Authors' Summary. y doses into 4 rabbits for a rather lo n g w I days) and found th at the tubular appanhl I it'RZUM poisoning. IV. Baring. Dtsck. mtd. neys is damaged while th e glomerular tfi | ichnschr., tol 67, pp. 930-932 (1941). much affected.--L. Teleky. Here has been only one case of poisoning by tel- i reported by th e person involved (Tietz, Samm. ETH yiEXE GLYCOL POISONING. Ju i Verci/tuncs/allen, p. 163,1934), although there were and minor notes), vol. 117, p. 1492 (0 setts on tellurium absorption in the Public H ealth R eports In 1920. The present author reports in detail a second case which occurred in the same way--in laboratory work. On pipetting a 1% solution of potassium tellurite in water, a small amount was swallowed. For 5 months there persisted a strong garlic odor of the breath and a black discoloration of the buccal mucosa (tongue and gingiva). Furthermore, there was nausea, a bad general condition a t first, and 2 wks. later, headache, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, marked sweating (with garlic odor) and weak ness. In the first few weeks there was lour blood pres sure (100/75), 10-24 stippled cells per 10,000 red cells, apathy and weakness lasting for many months.-- L . Teleky. don is requested regarding diagnosTW ] of a case of possible ethylene glycol poii [ DUST HAZARDS AND TH EIR EFFECTS patient had been exposed to ethylene! i, while working in a powder factory.] gan, a t the end of 33 m onths of empk TIJUENTAL STUDY OF INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF c v iu x u u co m po u n d s i n sil ic o s is . L. V . Gardner, 2. {Korski, and A . B. Ddahant. Bull. Am. Ceram. diaphragm , and emphysema in the upper fields.-- L. Teleky. ness of breath on effort, and epigastrialj ! for, tol. 20, pp. 281-284 (1941). So ft co al m iner s' health a n d w orking e n v ir o n -nination gave a blood pressure of 130j bprrimcntal tests were made using vitrified sagger m e n t . R. B . F lim , et al. V. S. Pub. Bealth Service, istolic with an irregular pulse, no . 1amtaining 50% free SiOj. No silicotic reaction Bull. No. 270 (May 1941). h -hodiagrara. The electrocardiogram i I in guinea pigs within 12 mos. Previous ex- T his bulletin describes the results of a survey made lutter. Small doses of digitalis can nts showed similar preventive action resulting in the bituminous coal mines of Utah. Studies of the vert to normal rhythm, i the use of Al(OH)j. W hether the protection in working environment, mining methods, engineering bor of the reply suggests the need for i :*c of the sagger clay was due to the Al in th e control of hazards, and incidence of silicosis are in rttal and medical examination befortT* f | r to other mechanisms could no t be estab- cluded. Some representative case histories and plates n be formed. Exposure to concent The free SiQ* content of a dust is no t neces- are given. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis n 25 ppm has been associated with] i reliable index of its capacity to cause silicosis.-- was 2.7% which agrees closely with th a t in the general actual exposure, the symptoms I f Ktrr. (Client. Abstrs.) population. Anthracosilicosis was found in 3.2% of .rible with a diagnosis of ethylenel the group examined (3 mines comprised the study but the outstanding features of such] "ISTr.ENOI.0GIC PICTURE OF PULMONARY ASBES- group). Of the 16 workers w ith anthraco-silicosis, i mentioned, namely mental dish he blood cells. A definite anem ia) e, b u t leucopenia is fairly constant **. O'. Mastrosimone. Ross. Ued. Indust., vol. *..129-452(1941). author gives a description of roentgenologic find- 15 were first stage and one second stage. No third stage cases were found. Recommendations and im provem ents are given.--Leslie Silverman. Asbrstosis, based on 400 pictures. 6 cases are OF FLUORINE IN THE URINE n t : POISONING AMONG CRYOLITE n, B . Buchveld and K . Roholm. r,, tol. 106, pp. 261-273 (1941). -ine content of 24 hr. urine sample* tients on normal diets averaged m 0.18 to 1.85 mg. T he per Ul re from 0.30 to 1.60 mg, average kers exposed to cryolite (Na*AlFj) alues lay between 2.41 an d 43.< mg. Urinary fluorine varied extensively and 7 pictures are reproduced. Ihr author describes in detail the technic. He utlines 4 stages of fibrosis. The first stage seems t I*- identical with "more fibrosis than usual", f-ed <t.ice shows, besides an increase in this wots of various size and of irregular density, t* third itace fibrosis continues to increase, es- a the vicinitv of the pleura, and emphysema is iadows near th e heart and diaphragm, -t.ieo shows all the signs mentioned before, It *'*fc'nth>n of the borderlines of the heart and the F iber g la s h ealth hazard investig atio n. W. J . Siebert. Ind. Med., vol. 11, pp. 6-9 (Jan. 1942). Glass fiber products have been recently introduced for therm al and electrical insulation. On the bases of study of the physical and chemical properties of the substance, review of the literature for reports of possible hazards and examination of several hundred individuals exposed to the material, D r. Siebert concludes th at there is no silicosis, fibrosis or dust hazard connected w ith Fiberglas work. There occurs, in some workers, a mild, transient dermatitis.--Doris Dari. I t was noted th a t generalized osl orkers caused by fluorine develop-- ^ , fc'sT. SMOKE, FUM ES AND VAPORS: T H E IR D E T E R M IN A T IO N -AND E LIM IN A TIO N of about 25 mg fluorine for a V&BL s. ryoUte workers still excrete its of fluorine years after they ice th a t the fluorine deposited in idually mobilized, while a t the 5 e j: bony tis.ue is built up. - wniSTER TEST FOR T.N.T. DERIVATIVE IN J** ). Ingham. Lancet, vol. 241, pp. 554-555 ili-scribes a modification of the Webster fo IN I' in urine. The sensitivity of this reac *<rr.w,| In- boiling the mixture of urine and HjSO, before adding the ether and by using a larger quantity of urine. A simplified technic for routine daily urine examina tion of workers is described in which the ether extrac tion is earned out in a test tube. Alkali is then added to the layer of ether which separates from the urine-