Document b5eoNXR7gvkGZg0M7ewZQ7Lny

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT S3ICAN NATIONAL) ANSI/ASTM C 700 - 77 STANOABOHV AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING ANO MATERIALS ISIS Rack Si.. PhiladkloMk. *., 19103 RtDfintMS from tht Annual Book ol ASTM SiandkrOl. Coov'*901 ASTM II noi liitoO in ih# currant combined Indes unil aooear in iha neat edition Standard Specification for VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE, EXTRA STRENGTH, STANDARD STRENGTH, AND PERFORATED1 This Standard is issued under the fixed designation C700. the number immediatel> following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or. m the case of revision, the vear of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval This specification has been approved for use 6v agencies of the Department of Defense and for listing in the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification establishes the crite ria for acceptance of extra strength and stan dard strength vitrified clay pipe and fittings to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water; and extra strength perforated and standard strength perforated vitrified clay pipe to be used for underdrainage, filter fields, leaching fields, and similar subdrainage installations. Note 1--The values stated in U S. customary units are to be regarded as the standard. Note 2-Attention is called to ASTM Recom mended Practice C 12, for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines.2 ASTM Specification C425. for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Mttings,2 and ASTM Tentative Recommended .Practice C 828, for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitri fied Clay Pipe Lines (4 to 12-in.).J 2. Definitions 2.1 Clay, fire clay, shale, and surface clav are as defined in ASTM Definitions C43. Terms Relating to Structural Clay Products.2 3. Materials and Manufacture 3.1 Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufac tured from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that, when formed into pipe and fired to suitable temper atures, yields a product that is strong, dura ble, serviceable, free of objectionable defects, and conforms to this specification. 4.1.2 The number of specimens to be tested shall not exceed 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size furnished, except that no less than two specimens shall be tested. 4.1.3 If any of the test specimens fail to meet the requirements, the manufacturer will be allowed a retest on two additional speci mens for each one that failed. The pipe will be acceptable if all the specimens for retest meet the requirement. 4.1.4 If, subsequent to an initial pipe strength failure, the accuracy of the testing machine is questioned, at the request of the manufacturer, the machine may be recali brated and a retest made or a retest may be made upon a machine of known accuracy. 4.2Absorption: 4.2.1 The absorption of vitrified clay pipe shall not exceed 8 percent. 4.2.2 If any of the test specimens fail to meet the absorption requirements, a retest will be allowed, and the pipe accepted as pros ided in 4.1.3 4 3 Hydrostatic Pressure Test: 4.3.1 As an alternative to the absorption test, the manufacturer may, at his option, apply a hydrostatic pressure test to all of the pipes subject to test in each size and run of the pipe. 4 3 2 When the pipe is subjected to an 4. Physical and Chemical Requirements 4.1 Crushing Strength 4.1.1 Pipe shall meet the crushing strength requirements of Table 1 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-4 on Vitrified Clay Pipe Current edition approved Nov. 25. 1977. Published- January 1978 Originally published as C700-71 T Last previous edition C 700 - 7s : Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Part 16. 413 CTD014919 internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi (68.9 kPa) for the elapsed time shown in the follow ing table, there shall be no leakage on the exterior of the pipe. Moisture appearing on the surface of the pipe in the form of beads adhering to the surface shall not be considered leakage. However, moisture which starts to run on the pipe shall be construed as leakage regardless of quantity. Hydrostatic Pressure Test Times Thickness of Barrel. in. (mm) Test Time, min Up to and including I (25) Over I (25) and including 1 'h (38) Over I '/i (38) and including 2 (51) Over 2 (51) and including 2Vj (64) Over 2'(i (64) and including 3 (76) Over 3 (76) 7 9 12 15 18 21 4.3.3 If any of the test specimens fait to meet the hydrostatic requirements, a retest will be allowed, and the pipe accepted as provided in 4.1.3. 4.4 Acid Resistance: 4.4.1 This test is used to determine the resistance of pipe to the action of acids en countered in sanitary sewers. The test shall be performed only when specified. 4.4.2 The pipe of each size and shipment shall be acceptable if the acid-soluble matter, from specimens representing such pipe, does not exceed 0.25 %. Failure of any of the specimens to meet the test shall result in the rejection of all the pipe represented by the specimen tested. 5. Sizes and Dimensions 5.1 Sizes and dimensions of pipe are as described in Table 2 (U. S. customary units) and Table 2A (SI units). 5.2 The inside diameter shall not vary from a true circle by more than 3 % of its nominal diameter. 5.3 The average inside diameter shall be determined by taking any two 90-deg (1.6rad) opposing measurements and averaging the readings. 6. Straightness 6.1 Pipe shall not deviate from straight by more than '/it, in./ft (5 mm/m) of length when the maximum offset is measured from the concave side of the pipe. 6.2 Measurement shall be taken by placing a straight X-edge on the concave side of the pipe's full length of the barrel, being sure not to include spigot joint material or socket, and measuring the maximum distance betwee_n the straightedge and concave side of the pi 7. Glaze 7.1 Unless otherwise specified, the manu facturer may supply either glazed or unglazed pipe. On glazed pipe, the glaze shall be a continuously uniform layer that is substan tially free of imperfections. Not more than 10 % of the inner surface of any pipe barrel may be free of glaze. There shall be no well defined crazing or hairline cracks. 7.2 Glazing is not required on the outer surface of the pipe at the spigot, for a longi tudinal distance equal to the depth of the socket. Glaze may be entirely absent from the inside of the socket. 7.3 When a ceramic glaze is used, it need only be applied to the inside of the pipe. 8. Blisters 8.1 Pipe of nominal sizes from 3 to 18 in., shall have no blister with a dimension ex ceeding 3 in. (76 mm), and no blister or pimple shall project more than `/s in. (3 mm) above the surface of the pipe. 8.2 Pipe of nominal sizes over 18 in., shall have no blister exceeding 2 in./ft (166 mm/ m) of internal diameter, and no blister or pimple shall project above the surface of the pipe more than 'It in./ft (10 mm/m) of int nal diameter. 8.3 Pipe Shall have no broken blisters. 9. Fractures and Cracks 9.1 There shall be no fractures or cracks passing through the barrel or socket, except that a single crack at the spigot end of the pipe not exceeding 75 % of the depth of the socket, or a single fracture in the socket not exceeding 3 in. (76 mm) around the circum ference nor 2 in. (50 mm) lengthwise may be permitted. 9.2 Chips or fractures on the interior of the pipe shall not exceed 2 in. (50 mm) in length, 1 in. (25 mm) in width, and a depth of one fourth of the thickness of the barrel. 10. Finish of Ends .. 10.1 The ends of pipe shall be square with their longitudinal axes, within the tolerances 414 CTD014920 C 700 provided in Table 10.2 The inner surface of the socket and he outer surface of the spigot shall be scored ith triangular or semicircular-shaped circum ferential indentations about '/ in. (3 mm) in depth. The minimum number of scorings shall be as follows: Size of Pipe. in. (mm) 3 lo 6 (75 to ISO) 8 and 10 (200 and 350) 12 to 36 (300 to 900) Number of Scorings, mm 1 2 3 10.3 Scoring may be eliminated when it is conducive to the proper application of the joint to be used. 11. Perforations 11.1 Perforations shall be circular and cleanly cut, '/ in. (6 mm) in diameter, ar ranged approximately 3 in. (76 mm) center to center in rows parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Rows shall be arranged in two equal groups on each side of the vertical center line of the pipe. The lowermost rows of perforations shall be separated by an arc of 90 deg (1.6 rad) measured across the bottom of the pipe. The uppermost rows of perforations shall be separated by an arc of 200 deg (3.5 rad), measured across the top of the pipe. Spacing of rows between these limits shall be uniform. The total number of rows of perforations is shown in Table 3. 11.2 The spigot end of bell-and-spigot per forated pipe shall not be perforated for a distance'equal to the depth of the socket. 12. Fillings 12.1 Fittings shall correspond in all re spects with the dimensions specified for pipe of the corresponding size. Dimensional toler ances of fittings shall be the same as for straight pipe. All fittings shall conform to the requirements for pipe described in Sections 8 through 10. 12.2 Slants shall have their spigot ends cut at an angle of approximately 60 deg (1.0 rad) or 45 deg (0.8 rad) with the longitudinal axis. 12 3 Curves shall have arcs of approxi mately 90 deg (1.6 rad). 45 deg (0.8 rad), 30 deg (0.5 rad), or 22.5 deg 0.4 rad)'as re quired. 12 .4 Fittings shall be made to such lengths as will accommodate the jointing system pro vided. Tee and wye fittings shall be furnished with spurs of the size specified, securely and completely fastened to the barrel of the fitting in the process of manufacture. The spurs of tee fittings shall have their axes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fitting. The spur of the wye fittings shall have their axes at angles of approximately 60 deg (1.0 rad), or 45 deg (0.8 rad) to the longitudinal axis of the fitting, measured from the socket or bell end of the fitting. The barrel of each spur shall be of sufficient length to permit making a proper joint. 12.5 Channel pipe and channel fittings shall be approximate half sections of the cor responding size of straight pipe and fittings. 13. Test Methods 13.1 Perform tests in accordance with Methods C 301. 14. Inspection 14.1 All pipe shall be subject to inspection by a competent inspector employed by the purchaser. Inspection may be made at the factory or promptly at the point of delivery. All pipe accepted may be plainly marked by the inspector. Rejected pipe shall not be defaced, but shall be replaced by the manu facturer or seller without additional cost, with pipe that meets the requirements of this spec ification. 15. Marking 15.1 Each length of pipe shall bear the initials or name of the manufacturer, and the location of the plant. The words "Extra Strength" or the symbol "ES" shall be in cluded. when applicable, to identify the class of pipe. The markings shall be indented on the exterior of the pipe, and shall be plainly legible for identification. 415 CTD014921 iSlb c 700 TABLE I Minima Crashing Strength 13-Edge Beariag Slreagthi Nominal Size, m Extra Strength Vitrified Cla> Pipe Ibf/linear kN/linear ft m 3 2000 29.2 4 2000 29.2 6 2000 29.2 8 2200 32.1 IQ 2*00 35.0 12 2600 37.9 15 2900 42.3 18 3300 48.2 21 3850 56.2 24 4400 64 2 27 4700 68.6 30 5000 73.0 33 5500 80.3 36 6000 87.6 39 660Q 96.3 42 7000 102.2 Standard Strength Vitrified Clay Pipe Ibf/linear kN/linear ft m 1200 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3300 3600 4000 17.5 17.5 20.4 23.4 26.3 29.2 32.1 350 37.9 40.9 48.2 52.5 58.4 Perforated Vitrified Clay Pipe Esira Strength Standard Strength Ibf/lmear kN/linear Ibf/linear kN/linear ft m ft m i 250 1600 1600 1600 1800 2200 2640 3100 3520 18 2 23.4 23.4 23.4 26.3 32.1 38.5 45.2 51.4 1000 1000 1000 1100 1200 1400 1700 2000 2400 14.6 14.6 14.6 16.1 17.5 20.4 24.8 29.2 35.0 TABLE 2 DimeasioM of Vitrified Clay PipcIU. S. Castoaary Uaits) Nominal Size, in.* Laying Length Limit of Minus Variation, in./ft Difference in Length of Two Opposite Sides max. in. 3 `/4 4 V* 6 8 >/* 10 '4 12 Vi 15 V* 18 V* 21 V4 24 H 27 H 30 33 H 36 39 V* 42 H M. M. M. 5f. `A ** 4. M. 38 "4. V4 h ` Specifier! should be aware that all pipe sizes are not universally available. Limit of Minus Variations in Average Inside Diameter, in. Mi v M. 3* M. % "4. % % IK. lMi IK. IK. I'4. 1'4. 416 CTD014922 # c 700 TABLE 2A Dimnrioa of Vitrified CHj Pipe (SI U.lui V Nominal Size, mm.4 Laying Length Limit of Minus Variation, mm/m Difference in Length of Two Opposite Sides max. mm 75 20 100 20 150 20 200 20 250 20 300 20 375 20 450 20 525 20 600 30 675 30 750 30 825 30 900 30 975 30 1050 30 8 8 9 11 11 11 13 13 14 14 16 16 16 17 19 23 4 Spedfien ihould be twin that ill pipe- min not univeniliy available. Limit of Minus Variations in Average Inside Diameter, mm 4 4 4 5 6 7 9 II 13 15 17 19 21 22 22 22 TABLE 3 Prfrb-- Spadaf f*r ParfentW vitrified Clay Pipe Nominal Size.in. Rows of Perforalions 44 64 84 10 6 12 6 15 6 18 8 21 8 24 8 Perforations per Row 2ft (061 m) 3ft (0.91 ml 4 ft (1.22 m) 5ft (1.52 ml 7- 9 1 1 13 7 9 II 13 7 9 11 13 7 9 II 13 7 9 11 13 10 14 17 10 14 17 10 14 17 10 14 17 The American Society for Testing oat Material! lake! no position retpecilng the validity of arty patent rights asserted In connection with any item mentioned In this standard. Users of this standard art expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights. Is entirely their own responsibility. 417 CTD014923