Document b5bykrE50NBd1vG3xgGmkw7Lg

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1944 Oct DOC#: NSC070 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Excerpt - Transactions of the NSC - 33rd National Safety Congress r =*.r .. *. -- ^ .Iy i.*. P LA IN T IF FS ]& EXHIBIT \1N K - 6 S P -N S C -13 c c TR A N SU CTIO N S 33rd NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS i. General Subject and Industrial Sessions CHICAGO October 3-5, 1944 National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North W acker Drive, Chicago 6 Copyright, 1944, National Salety Council, Inc. Pitntnd In U.SJl. ( Foreword VOLUME I T HE and Transactions of the 33rd National Safety Exposition of the National Safety Council Congress, are pub-, lishcd in two volumes. Volume I contains the General Sub-: jcct and Industrial Section sessions. Volume II contains the Traffic, Commercial Vehicle, Transit,' School and College, Home, and Farm Safety sessions. The Transactions are a record of the proceedings of the Congress, condensed and edited for reference purposes. They are therefore an abridged version of the papers and discussions. The original manuscripts, some of which have drawings and charts too expensive to reproduce here, are available in the. files of the National Safety Council. The National Safety Council, at its Congresses, seeks to eliminate from discussion matters which are not pertinent- to ' the aims of the Congress, or which may be contrary to the Council's policies. However, it cannot accept responsibility lor all views expressed, either in the discussions of. the Congress itself or in this record of them. Extra copies of Volume I may be obtained by Council members at $2.50 each. The price to non-members is $5.00 each. Extra copies of Volume II are $1.25 each. THE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. 20 North W acker Drive Chicago 6, Illinois I I  ,! CONTENTS ;,y Volume 1 ", ij Vfi vi/'SKi *3?> K ^. X-)\ 'r& M W Council Officers .......................................................................... iv U sing the T ra n sa c tio n s............................................... xi A nnual M eeting of M em bers......................... 1 A ccident F acts .......................................... 15 A irc ra ft M anufacturing S e c tio n ............................................ 25 A ir T ra n sp o rt S e c tio n ................................................................ 43 A SSE --E n g in eerin g Section .................................................. 05 Arm y | Session .............................................................................. 09 A utom otive and M achine Shop S e c tio n ................................ 85 B anquet .................................. '...................................................... 103 Cement and Q uarry S ection.,.....................................................113 Chemical Section .........................................................................129 Chemical W aste D is p o s a l..! .....................................................145 Coal M ining S e c tio n .......... !'.....................................................1S`> C onstruction Section ........ I ...................................................... 197 F ire C ontrol and P re v e n tio n .................................................. 207 Food S e c t i o n ........................ ^ ..................................................... 213 In d u strial H e a l t h ........................................ 241 In d u strial N ursing S e c tio n ).................................................... 201 Labor and S a fe ty .................... 273 M aintaining In te re st in S a fe ty .............................................. 285 Man to M an on th e J o b .............................................................. 297 M arine Section ............................................ 303 M eat Packing, T an n in g and L eather Industries Section. .327 M etals Section ............................................................................ 335 M ining Section ............................................................................ 353 O ff-the-Job Session .................................................................. 387 Paper and P ulp S e c tio n ............................................................ 399 P etroleum Section ............................................................ 431 Pow er P ress S ectio n ...................................................................465 P ublic U tilities S ectio n ...............................................................473 R ehabilitation ...............................................................................501 Rubber Section .............................................................................503 Seeing for S a fe ty .........................................................................529 Steam R ailroad S e c tio n .............................................................. 535 T ex tile Section .............................................................................503 W om en in In d u s try ...................................................................'.579 W ood P roducts. S e c tio n .............................................................593 Safety E xposition E x h ib ito rs.................................................. 007 Index ....................... 613 National Safety Council, Inc. ; 1 OFFICERS President: N ed H. Dearborn, Chicago, 111. Pice-President for Forms: G uy L. N oble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, I1L Vice-President for Finance, and Treasurer: I. W. Millard, Presi dent, Industrial Gloves Co., Danville, HI. Vice-President for Homes: D r. D. B. Armstrong, 2nd Vice-Presi dent, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. ' Vice-President for Industry: W alter S .'P aine, Manager. Engineer ing and Inspection Dept., Aetna Life & Affiliated Companies, Hartford, Conn. Vice-President fo r Local Safety Organizations: J udge L ee E. S keel, Appellate Ctiurt, Cleveland, Ohio ;i Vice-President for Membership: R. T. Solensten, Vice-President, Elliott Service Co., New York, N. Y. i' Vice-President fo r Public Infornusiion: W. E arl H all, Managing Editor, Mason City Globe-Gazette, Mason Gty, Iowa ,, Vice-President for Schools and Colleges: Dr. H . T. H eald, Presi dent, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 111. ! Vice-President for Traffic and Transportation: Leslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, Chicago, III. ' Vice-President for Women's Activities: Miss P auline E. Mandigo, Public Relations Counsel, New York, N. Y.- Secretary: R. L. F orney, General Secretary, National Safety Council,. Chicago, III. ' Assistant Treasurers: B. B. M cC ulloch, President, Bureau of Safety, Chicago, III.; H. H. Greenwald, Director, Accounting Div., National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. TRUSTEES Clusirmon of the Trustees: W illiam A. Irvin, Member, Executive Committee, United States Steel Corp., New York, N. Y. Secretary of the Trustees: N ed H. D earborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Treasurer of the Trustees: T homas W. L amont, Vice-President of . die Board, J. P. Morgan & Co., New York, N. Y. > i M em bers W inthrop W. A ldrich, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Chase National Bank, New York, N. Y. ' * / iv ( i National 1 Safety Council, Inc. iN H . Baker, President, National Gypsum Co.. BufTalo, N. Y. vrKENCE D. Bell, President, Bell Aircraft Corp., BufTalo, N. Y. J ames B. Black, President, Pacific Gas & Electric Co., San Prau- >*?*' cisco, Calif. 'S. Bruce Black, President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. Morgan B. B rainard, President, Aetna Life Insurance Co., H art ford, Conn. J ohn W. Carpenter, President, Texas Power & Light Co., Dallas, Texas W illiam G. Ciianuler, President, Scripps-Itoward Supplv Co., New York, N. Y. 1 K enneth B. Colman, President, J. M. Column Co., Seattle, Wash. H oward Coonley, Chairman of the Board, Walwoith Co., New York, N. Y. F rederick G. Crawford, President, Thompson Products, Inc., Cleve land, Ohio W alter J. Cummings, Chairman of the Board, Continental Illinois National Bank & Trust Co., Chicago, III. N ed H. D earborn, President, National Safely Council, Chicago, III. R. R. D eupree, President, Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio B en jam in F. Fairless, President, United States Steel Corp.. Pitts burgh, Pa. ' F rancis J. Gavin, President, Great Northern Railway Co., St. Paul, Minn. W alter S. Gifford, President, AnVricari Telephone & Telegraph Co., New York, N. Y. J ohn G u n n , President, Employers Mutual Insurance Co., Des Moines, Iowa E. Roland H arkiman, Brown Bros., Harrinmii and Co., New York, N. Y. W illiam A. Irvin, Member Executive Committee, United Stales Steel Corp., New York, N. Y. W illiam M. J effers, President, Union Pacific Railroad Co., Omaha, Neb. H. P. L iversidce, President, Philadelphia Electric Co., Philadelphia, Pa. T homas I. P arkinson, President, Equitable Lite Assurance Society of the U. S., New York, N. Y. W illiam A. S impson, President, William Simpson Construction Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Roiiert C. S tanley, President, International Nickel Co. of Canada, Ltd., New York, N. Y. ) Il N a tio n ^ * Safety Council, Inc. J ohn Stilwell, Vice-President, Consolidated Edison Co. of N. Y., New York, N. Y. J uan T. T kiite, President, Pan-American Airways, New York, N. Y. H arry C. W iess, President, Humble Oil & Refining Co., Houston, Texas > C. E. W ilson, President, General Motors Corj)., Detroit, Midi. Charles E. Wilson, President, General Electric Co., New York, N. Y. : BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of the Board o f Directors: John Stilwell, Vice-Presi dent, Consolidated Edison Co. of N. Y., New York, N. Y. ' ' > Vice-Chairman of the Board o f Directors: T heodore F. S mith, President, Oliver Iron Sc Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. M em bers H. W. A nderson, Vice-President in Charge of Industrial Relations, General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich. Dr. D. B. A rmstrong, 2nd Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insur ance Co., New York, N. Y. W allace N. Barker, Vice-President, Pullman-Standard Car Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. T homas E. Braniff, President, Braniff Airways, Dallas, Tex. Clamencf. Carlton, Vice-President, Motor Wheel Corp., Lansing, Mich. Cleo F. Craig, Vice-President, American Telephone & Telegraph , Co., New York, N. Y. N ed H.; Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Mrs. La F ell D ickinson, President, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Washington, D. C. Wallace J, Falvey, Vice-President, Massachusetts Bonding & Insur ance Co., New York, N. Y. J ames L. Iheser, Vice-Chairman at Large, American Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Alfred C. F uller, Chairman of the Board, Fuller Brush Co., H art ford, Conn. W. E arl H all, Managing Editor, Mason City Globe-Gazette, Mason City, Iowa Dr. H. T. H eald, President, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chi cago, 111. Vi I National Safety Council, Inc. G. A. H euser, President, Henry Vogt Machine Co., Louisville, Ky. D r. W. M. J ardine, President, University ol Wichita, Wichita, Kan. C. A. Kirk, Vice-President in Charge of Mfg., International Business Machines Corp., New York, N. Y, G f.orue H. Low;, President, Utah Safely Gunned, Salt Lake City. Utah .. Miss P auline l. Mandilo, Public Relations Counsel, New \o ik , N. Y. 1. W. Millard, President, Industrial Gloves Co, Danville, 111. Guy L, Noiile, Managing Director, National Conuniltec on Uoys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, III: H enry l. North, Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., San 1'rancisco, Calif. J oseph L. O veklock, Vice-President, Continental Illinois National Bank & Trust Co., Chicago, III. W alter S. P aine, Manager, Engineering and Inspection Department. Aetna Life & AHitialcd Companies, Hartford, Conn. J udce Lee E. S keee, Appellate Court, Cleveland, Ohio T heodore 1\ S m ith, President, Oliver Iron & Steel Corp., Pitts burgh, Pa. . R. T. Soi.ensten, Vice-President,'Elliott S e n k e Co., New York. N. Y. Leslie J. Sorenson, City Trallie Engineer, Chicago, 111. Col. Albert A. S traeue, Trustee, Chicago Rapid Transit Co, Chi cago, III. . Gordon G. Steele, President, Portland Traction Co., Poitlaml, Ore. John Stilwell, Vice-President, Consolidated Edison Co. of N. Y., New York, N. Y. W illiam B. W ay, General Manager, Radio Station KVOO, Tulsa, Okla. EXECUTIVE BOARD ChutYmu of the Executive Board: R, J. Reielluth, New Haven Trap Rock Co., New Haven, Conn. Vicr-Chtiinnan o f the Executive Hoard: C. l. Wooi.ievi-.u, Personnel Manager, Buick Motor Div., Cenciai Motors Corp., Melrose Park III. M einbets-at-L arge D r. D. IL Armstrong, 2nd V iec-P resideot. M e tro p o lita n L ife In a u r arne Go,. New Y o rk , N. V. I ) II . V - National Safety Council Inc. ; J. I. Banasii, Consulting Engineer, Chicago, 111. L. J. iilnson, Asst, to Chief Operating Olficer. Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, Chicago, 111. C. W. Bergquist, Hinsdale, 111. A. J. R. Cuktis, Asst, to General Manager, Portland Cement Assoc., Chicago, 111. N ed H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. , R. H. Ferguson, Manager of Safety, Republic Steel Corp., Cleve land, Ohio W, Earl H all, Managing Editor, Mason City Globe-Gazette, Mason City, Iowa - - 0 . T. H aktson, Vice-President, Equitable Gas Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Orro R. H artwic, General Safety Supervisor, Crown Zellerbadi Corp., Portland, Ore. J uuen H. H arvey, Managing Director, National Conservation Bu reau, New York, N. Y. W. A, H azard, Engineer of Erection, Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethle hem, Pa. D r. T. L yle H azlett, Medical Director, Westinghouse Electric & M (r. Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa. Du. 11. T. IIkai.u, President, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chi cago, 111. * C. F. J oyner, J r., Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, Richmond, Va. W. Dean K eefer, 2nd Vice-President, Lumbermans Mutual Casualty Co., Chicago, III. J ohn E. Lonc, Superintendent of Safety, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corp., Albany, N. Y. J. W illard Lord, Safety Engineer, Atlantic Refining Co., Phila delphia, Pa. T hos. H.' MacDonald, Commissioner, Public Roads Administration, Washington, D. C. Miss P auline E. Mandigo, Public Relations Counsel, New York, N. Y. I. W. M illard, President, Industrial Gloves Co., Danville, III. H arold L. Miner, Manager, Safety and Fire Prevention Div., E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Del. Eliot Ness, Director, Social Protection Div., Community W ar Services, Federal Security Agency, Washington, D. C. - Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, 111. W alter S. P aine, Manager, Engineering and Inspection Dept., Aetna Life & Affiliated Companies, Hartford, Conn. i'i , National - Safety Council, Inc. R ussell E. P ekkey, Sales Division, Studebaker Corp., South Pend, Ind. C. E. PtmitoNi:. V k c 'l'csidt:iil ami M;ui;i^ t , lugukoiing Dept., American Mutual Liability lnsuiaucc Co., Poston, Mass. R. J. R eigeluth, New Haven Trap Rock Co., New Haven, Conn. Col. H enry A. ReninGer, Oflicc of Civilian Defense, New York, N. Y. A. V. Rohweder, Supt. of Safety and Welfare, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Co., Duluth, Minn. - J udge Lee E. S keel, Appellate Court, Cleveland, Ohio R. T . Solensten, Vice-President, Elliott Service Co., New York, N. Y. . u-.'. L eslie J. Sorenson, Cily Traffic Engineer, Chicago, III. Dr. C. H. W atson, Supt., Vanderbilt'Clinic, Cnhimhia-Prcsbyterian Medical Center, New York, N, Y. C. E. W oolievlk, Personnel Manager, liuick Motor Div., General Motors Corp., Melrose Park, 111. V. A. Zimmer, Director, Division of Labor Standards, U. S. Depart ment of Labor, Washington, D. C. I i Representatives ol the Conference of Local Safety Organizations George M. B urns, Director, Kansas City Safety Council, Katinas City, Mo. R eyburn H offmann, Secretary-Manager, The Safety Council of Greater St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo. F rank L. Jones, President, Greater New York Safety Council, New York, N. Y. H arold F. Lillie, Dircclor-Sccretary, Lansing Safety Council, Lan sing, Mich. W alter W. Matthews, Managing Director, Philadelphia Safety Council, Philadelphia, Pa. F red M. Rossfxand, Secretary-Manager, Newark Safety Count'll, Newark, N. J. Carl L. S m ith, Managing Director and Secretary! Greater Cleveland Safety Council. Cleveland, Ohio Representatives of the Conference of Sections H. R. Dialer, Personnel Director, Mutual Life Insurance Co of f N. Y., New York, N. Y. Il National Safety Council, Inc. W, K. Brown, Safety Engineer, Consolidated Edison Co. of N. Y., New York, N. Y. W. Graham Cole, Asst. Secretary, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. G. 0 . Griffin, Safety Director, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. E. S. Miner, Safety Engineer, American Telephone & Telegraph Co., New York, N. Y. J. L. R isingeh, Safety Supervisor, Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York. N. Y. Lt. Col R. C. Stratton, Office of Chief of Ordnance, Safety and Security Branch, Chicago, 111. HONORARY MEMBERS A ssociation of I ron and S teel E ngineers Robert W. Campbell L ew R. P almer W. H. Cameron W illiam A. Irvin J ohn S tilwell PAST PRESIDENTS Rodert W . Campbell A rthur T. Mouf.y* L ew R. P almer D avid Van Sciiaack* Ralph C. R ichards* C. P. T olman A rthur H. Young M arcus A. Dow Lewis A, D e Blois C. B. A uel* Charles B. Scott* W alter G. K ing H omer E. N iesz* Col H enry A. Reninukk C. E.- P ettibone C. W . Behgquist J. I. Banash J ohn E. Lonc D r. C. H. W atson D. D. F ennell J ohn Stilwell Deceased x ( Using the Transactions (i;!. Each edition of these Transactions is a j . alibrary of safely experience. Hundreds of 'W incn and women--leaders in industry, trans- portation, insurance, and governmental agencies--give the best of their knowledge 'k and background to the cause of accident prevention at the Annual Safety Congress. This knowledge and experience, accmmt'' lating year after year, is of great value to ( progressive industrialists and businessmen. Werr : JJiV Plan of Arrangement Safety ideas, topics, and problems, as well if.!as personalities important in (lie field of ^ s a f e ty , can be found by reference either to fcpthe Table of Contents or to the Index at .YJ'ithc end of the volume. f` ' The Table of Contents lists (a) General I Sessions, (b) Subject Sessions dealing with problems common to many industries, (c) V; .Industrial Section meetings. 'iw- Subject Sessions and Industrial Sections \ are arranged alphabetically. In the body of ; the book the several meetings of each In* dustrial Section are printed as they appeared \ in the daily time schedule of the original : program. The detailed alphabetical Index makes it * easy to find specific safety material. H lists . hundreds of items in three ways: (a) sub' jecls discussed, i.c., absenteeism, dusts, safety shoes, welding; (b) speakers in the case of formal papers. Speakers* names arc printed in italics; (c) Industrial Sections, i.e., Chemical, Construction, Food, Marine, ; etc. Under each Industrial Section arc listed - the subjects of its complete program. Use the Transactions . . . ...T o solve accident problems of foreimnship, protective clothing, dermatitis, welding operations, ventilation, substitute materials and many others. . . . To aid in meeting such special war piobIcms as off-thc-job accidents, war conser vation of personal protective equipment, wartime fire protection, and women in war industry. These subjects receive special em phasis in these Transactions. The Karly Morning Sessions (Man to Man on the Job) stress the proper approach to employee training problems faced by all expanded in dustries. . . . To obtain speech-making materials for the safety director or business executive who plans to speak on accident prevention. In addition to facts ami authoritative opin ions, this book contains many splendid ex ample of safely talks which can he used as guides or models. In addition, much of the material can be used in local publicity, plant publications and bulletin board an* nouiicqmcnts ...T o 'learn the points of view held by the leaders' of the safety movement. These leaders, as officers or members of the Coun cil's Industrial Sections, or ns public olliciuK contribute ideas which can be used in the organizing of safety programs. ...T o 'g a in a bitter understanding of the National Safety Council's services and the national safely program. A survey of the material contained in the Transactions will supply the reader with increased knowledge of the growing power of the safety move ment and of the means by which this power is expressed. SV; ( ( j j t a i viiauruit o a je ty co n g ress, Many new people have begun to work vtewing the record, this summary wU hd will Fiberglas in recent months. By re- answer their questions. Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipm ent E. E. W H IT E ' .'*$ Safety Engineer, Sun Shipbuilding & D ry D ock Co., Chester, Pa. . ( Paper Presented by Lt. Com. Carter Kendall) The selection and use of persona! protec tive equipment is a subject with which we all are familiar, but with the terrific expan sion of our shipyards during the war, naturally came the increased hazards. In the early months of 1943, in just a little over a year, our shipyard had grown from S shipways, 2 dry docks, and 3 wet basins, to the amazing size of 28 shipways, 2 dry docks, and 12 wet basins. We jumped from 6,000 employees to 36,000 employees. I mention these figures to give you an idea of what it really meant to make a proper selection of protective equipment and then educate the employees in its use. This subject of the selection and use of personal protective equipment must neces sarily be prefaced by the development, of the employee, in whose behalf the selection is made. A t times it seems- impossible to educate the present employee to the use of protective material. Due to this condi tion, I feel that industries have a great opportunity to select and develop a useful and intelligent personnel and many are do ing just this. A new applicant coining to the door of the Employment Office lias or lias not the necessary physical and mental requirements to successfully fill a job with credit to him self and to the industry. It is at this point where management steps into the picture, and, through its organization, can really do something constructive for itself and the applicant. I will try to develop this employee in the next few minutes, into th i man all safety engineers like to work with. Always an Unknown Quantity The applicant is an unknown quantity when he fills out his application for em ployment and presents it to the interviewer. The first step in his industrial career has then begun. The interviewer must be of high calibre, familiar with the physical 4 mental requirements of all the craft!, the industry. It is a very serious business^ one that will produce either a liability or a asset for both the employee and the mi agement. . is If and when the interviewer has deddt^ that the applicant is prbbably a good riilt' he approves him for an aptitude lest:J feel that the employee of today, unfamilur with shipbuilding crafts (having come fro an industry of unrelated character) n& a test to give us some idea of his laiqj skills. Through choice or by compulsja this employee has given up his job in noj^ essential work, and definitely needs the tection of the industry into which .he;} coming. 1 feel then that the first two stepj| the interviewer and the aptitude test, 'ij very much in the category of persowj protective equipment, already in the posieg sion of many companies. In our yard,': know that protective equipment cam function 100% when worn by a manji woman who has been misplaced. " ; g The next piece of equipment furnisU by the industry is the physical examination Regardless of what the interview or,jit aptitude test has shown, the applicant qualifications may be off-set by this exaaf nation. Certainly, his health should beA concern of the industry. iwj When the interviewer, the aptitude.M and the physical examination have plan the applicant in the proper position, try has used the equipment necessary^ their protection as well as that of them ployee. In the selection of the person who interview, give the aptitude tests" examine the applicants physically, great o f should be taken that only the best equippd men available be procured for these'pi tions. Then industry must insist on>jjt use of this equipment. The employee is now on the Marine 'be'must not lose Ins identity. Industry lias [so much protective equipment yet to oiler, file newcomer looks forward to what he hopes'will be long and profitable employ[ment. and in d u s tr y w ith o u t a doubt 'cherishes the same idea. _ Equipment Overcomes Fear ,It is not long until the employee begins 'to think of what will happen to him in case [of injury and sickness. Protective equip`jnent has been set up to overcome this fear; 'compensation, hospitalization, insurance, and benefit funds. j'. We can't stop here, because the identity of the employee is not yet fully established. "It has not really become one of the big family until he finds himself bathing in [fine shower baths, dressing in sanitary dockers, eating nutritious food in well-run [cafeterias and, if injured, receiving the ex[pert attention of competent doctors and nurses in up-to-date dispensaries. These jtems are protective equipment for both management and the employee. There is still another factor, which proSvides a most important milestone on his [road to success. Can we expect the em ployee to remain contented forever at the ame job and the same pay? Industry docs [pot want him to, so it provides schools and iroper supervision. AII the protective equipment to this point Jbas been to properly place an employee in ga. congenial and remunerative position, to .lake care of injury and sickness, and to build in him a pride of his job and the lustry through the establishment of the iroper facilities. 'There is still one vital piece of equipment [used by industry that is most essential, [nd-that is the social and athletic activities fostered by industry and made possible by [the. employee. During these days when so many em ployees are separated from their families .by'great distances, the joys of living are [few and far between. Life must be made bearable for these men. The Service Or ganizations realized the servicemen's needs [when they organized their clubs and enrcouraged entertainers to visit the battle fronts and camps. However, someone lias .failed the home front soldier. Here was a (remendous opportunity, but most comatinities failed miserably to provide the Section fl facilities to make life pleasant for the dis located workers in essential industry. Therefore, industry itself called upon its final protective equipment. It sponsors bands, picnics, concerts, dances, and athle tics. The employee now has become one of the family, and unless he is beyond the salvage point, he should be happy. 1 come now to the material cqmptnmt, which is supplied for our workmen hy our Safety Equipment manufacturers. ! have often wondered just how these men, who manage the Safety Equipment business, got into this line of work. At first, I felt it must be through their experience in indus try that prompted them to establish tlnir concerns, but after talking to a consider able number of our manufacturers, I found it was through the compulsory law passed by the various states for the protection of their industrial citizens. Equipment Must Be Used, Too . The problem of the Safety Engineer is how to select the best equipment for the respective problems, and then educate or enforce the use of this equipment. In. the earlier part of this paper I tried to develop the ideal employee, and now that wc Ijave him, the obligation to protect him becomes paramount. Wc must protect him against blindness, deafness, tuberculosis, siltedsis, burns, broken bones, sprains, h u t exhaustion, strains, sickness, and last but not least death. Let us look at the equipment. There is to my knowledge suilicicut goggles of all types on the market to meet every, hazard. The grinder, the buffer, llic weldejr, the driller, etc.--all can have full protection. The hearing has been protected with car plugs of good quality. The body can be clothed with leather, fire resistant m a te r ia ls , heat resistant shields, leggings, spats, gloves, and safety shoes. There arc wooden shoes, knee pads, breast protectors, safety helmets, etc. There are respirators for dust, lead and zinc fumes, paints, etc. There arc masks to enter explosive mix tures, fires and smoke. Apparently there is no end to the inge nuity of the miumfacturc o ( safrly t*jrpment. (( su 33rd National. Sajely Congress, 1944 Marine Section U.] To select the proper equipment and use it to the best advantage is the problem. Who should make the selection? The only man who does know, or should know, is the Safety Director. When the equipment is delivered, then-- the fun begins. Are the methods for its use to be compulsory or educational? I believe in tire educational policy in normal times, and the compulsory policy in times of emergency. None oi us like compulsory tactics, neither does the soldier like discipline. The soldiers, however, through discipline and education,. are winning the great victory against our common enemy, and I see no way to win the war against industry's common enemy, "accidents and death," other than through a combination of edu cation and discipline. I feel an ample supply of material should be made available to the employee.' The equipment supplied to the workmen, such as safety helmets and goggles, should be handled through the tool rooms, while leather clothing, safety shoes, work gloves, overshoes, etc., should be sold at cost through safety stores. During the year 1943, our two stores furnished 35,000 pairs of safety shoes; 187,000 pairs of work gloves; 52,000 pairs of welder's gloves; 10,000 pairs of over shoes; 2,500 rain coats; 1,000 pairs of knee pads; 5,200 leather jackets and 2,200 leather overalls. i Our tool rooms have in circulation 12,000 pairs of goggles of all kinds, not including shields of all types and 15,000 safety ' helmets. 1 Wc advertise these stores in our yard magazine. Whenever an employee is hurt because of the lack of this equipment, we make an issue of it. If Messrs. Shipman, Gaskili and Gass will come to the platform, wc will dispose of the questions and answers and close this paper. Questions and Answers Q. In scaling inside of tanks (even after they have been gas freed after carrying lii-ocUnc gas) (he removal of the scale frees additional gas. While this it not an explosive mixture, men get headaches and become nauseated. Is there a respirator that will solve this problem? If not, how* [into the broken lamp and the base is re would yoii handle it? newed by friction grip; even though the A, Tire Ethyl Gasoline Corporation f] foment may be on, the rubber insulates issued instructions stating that ail men.en Ugainst- electrical shock. It is understood tering tanks that have contained lea.de. f|he workman should wear goggles as addi gasoline be equipped with blower typejahT tional^'protection from possible broken line hose masks as well as special covert, !&.'.!. alls, acid proof gloves, rubber boots, etr-3 , Must all goggles, respirators ami gas Q. When a blacksmith works on'white .aasks meet certain standards and be hot metal, using a flatter to mold the piece,*| Ramped as approved for industrial use bc- what can he use to protect his face, arms [{ore they may be sold? body and legs, and still be able to work] j$ A .'. Safety goggles should comply with A. A cellulose acetate face shield abqul 6"x9* window, .060 thickness--light grqen? shade to protect from glare. Heavy woolca shirt with sleeves rolled down or V'p< * of chrome leather shoulder length slcvi Another suggestion would be the u s welding cape sleeves of chrome leather.# split chrome leather ' apron, dividcd*at]j crotch and attached to the legs with ad justable fasteners, permitting frcedo(n\'oJ [standards as set down in the National Head u d .Eyc Code and the requirements of Federal Specifications. Respirators need loot necessarily meet requirements of specific fbqdies, such as the National Code for Head, syc and Respiratory Protection, Bureau of lliacs.Standards and Federal Specifications ixeept where such devices arc used against [exposures of toxic atmospheres in which definite requirements arc set down by spe- legs. The size of apron to be 24* wide" ic bodies as to their design and filtering ending about 8* below the knee. [efficiencies. On nuisance dusts or dusts of Q. A fire in a cofferdam has burned! [`non-toxic nature, il is not necessary to 1500 feet of hose. The smoke is veryj lave- devices meeting the requirements of heavy and the heat intense. W h a t, mask Sfhe?iabove mentioned bodies. Gas masks should a fireman use to enter the coffati [are required to meet the specifications as dam ? iyMijestablished by the U. S. Bureau of Mines. J A. Self contained oxygen breathing MEo&use,Ina bnmless onwehoart iosnethcw,ibth `a h,bcnlmmcri paratus should be worn, and I would rec ii therc any way by winch a man wearing ommend that two men equipped with .selfj contained oxygen breathing apparatus enter/ 1/helmct can keep lib head warm iu winter the cofferdam each with a life line and* nveather ? that two men be assigned to remain "ouM f'A .M o st manufacturers can supply side and handle the life line. . .'''in fcUier a cap .wjth-'a brim, type both brimless helmet or of which will give one the Q. Every day thousands of electric bulbs? Line amount of protection as far as the arc broken. Is there an instrument devised, own of the helmet is concerned. There to remove broken part from the socket thar :no doubt, however, that the helmet with will avoid shock? nl! jhejbrim will give added protection to (he A. Use what is commonly known -as;' man's neck and cars in case of falling ob- lamp base remover. This device is made up] jectsY* Some yards have found, however, of a wooden handle in two sizes, six,aiuj< fitai'with men working in confined spaces nine inches in length. The six inch sittjr* l`he(`";cap type .hel.me.t is more satisfactory is used for medium or standard screw* due to the fact that it is rarely accidentally base and the nine inch size crru` K-ac* urhirk ic fhn liroar for tiv* n Mogj| f lumitT knknoocckkeed_ofifl, while .... tlhi_e <-brimt type ___ may > . get r*. .. in'the way in very confined quarters. For tips-reason some yards use both types dc- rccessed molded piece of rubber is attached/*S*p^ending on the -p-a--rt-i*cular operation. Most- This molded piece of rubber lias sliglijl outiufacturcrs cun supply winter linings for ridges and is tapered to cuter tlic insult ksc'witli the protective lichnct and will of the base of the broken lamp. The coil;, [not only keep the man's curs warm hut also tact end of the handle and the rubber parj forehead, temples and the back of his is recessed to fit over the center glass, fib; keck.** The practice of wearing a felt hat ment base of (lie lamp. The tool is insertji ^w oolen hat beneath a protective helmet ^ ;'\ 1 . M I will place the helmet too high on the man's head with a possibility of it being knocked off. Q, What filler type of* Tcspirnlor should I use in the following jobs: (I) working in lead or zinc fumes (2) cleaning cast ings (3) using radiax saw (4) grinding tools on the emery wheel (5) iu presence of smoke? A. (1) U. S. Bureau of Mines ap proves 'Type ii" mechanical filter type metal fume respirator. (2) Type A approved mechanical filter type respirator. (3) Type A approved mechanical filter type respirator. (4) Type A approved mechanical filter type respirator. (5) The use of a filler type respirator for protection from smoke is not recom mended. Q. Do the filters on air line respirators completely eliminate all harmful substances in compressed air? A. Most air compressors use oil for lubricating the cylinders and oil mists *and vapors will get into the air during com pression. If a compressor overheats, car bon monoxide may be formed. A good air filter* filled with activated charcoal will remove [he oil, water, and pipe scale, hni not carboin monoxide. In connection with their approval of supplied-air; respirators, the U. S. Bureau of Mines sitys--"It is the responsibility of the user to provide respirable air cither by a compressor that docs not use an internal lubricant fthat could produce gases or mists that may be objectionable or injurious to health, or by one that is protected by suit able filters, temperature regulators, and alarms." A carbon monoxide alarm is available which can be installed to continuously sam ple the compressed air supply and give au audible warnings if carbon monoxide is present. Blowers or compressors arc avail able which do not use a lubricant in ||i< compressor, and these arc recommended as an ait supply to masks or rcspiialois. Q. Is au electric a r c m o re intense at night ? A. There is no variation iu the intensity of the light source of au cl* :c arc at ( ( I 324 33rd Naii-onal Sajety Cotigress, P44 Marine Section 325 U night over that of the clay, however, due quality, such standards being established ig current as these ships are set on wooden about 20 30 amp. fuses and from 60-80 to the pupils of the eye being open wider relation to requirement of the Natir jocks. In connection with the grounding IS amp. fuses. Now with 16 ships under at night, there is a greater amount of the Head and Eye Code and FcderalfS| I'j'the A. C. side of our welding machines, construction on the ways and always at light in the arc brought into the eye, where fications, has an absorption in the>-!tjl (would like to call attention to a special least five ships (and most of the time more) night or general low light intensity are violet, of practically 100% and in the*u (ojufo that we, at Pullman, use, and that in the water at the docks, you can get a worked in. red field from approximately 80,to'9$ :f.an instantaneous trip-relay, the current glimpse of the job to change this all over Q. A crane operator working at night finds flash goggles too dark to sec certain spots due to the lighting, yet his eyes get sore. What is the solution? A. Naturally, you would nave a check made to determine that the lighting is ade quate and properly distributed. If a crane operator's eyes arc normal, try lighter shades of filter lens. A lighter shade would probably give you the right answer. Q. To what degree does flash glass ab sorb ultra violet and infra red rays? A. So-called flash glass or high visible light transmitter filter glass of standard Q. Welders claim flash glasses plui'i glass in the shield make the work too jU H e needs glasses because lie works ;dc to other welders. What is the solution^ A. In arriving at the density or number of the welding glass in combioatn with his flash glasses, it would be to*t^ advantage to have a set of glasses include flash glass and the welding[gux of which the combination is equal toJjb of his welding glass. This can be dgtf mined practically by adding the shade sop ber of Ins welding glass to that of hb fiw and subtracting the numeral one from]! total of the two glasses. ail,'of which is hooked in series through [the ground wire and the relay contacts arc series with the operating coil of the uhotor starting switch. This affords ns the sectssary protection for the A.C. side and, [at,tlie same time, protects the power cable (out heavy welding currents that are likely [to be carried over the ground wire should [the welding ground become loose. With [this ground hookup the resistance to ground from our panel boxes or from the power light receptacle boxes on the ways and [dock is approximately 5 ohms which I am uire provides us with a ground that meets jfety requirements. This has given you a picture of the main service layout on the ways and docks; oi; here we go into the ships. On the from two wire to tlim* wiic linrs together with about 400 portable electric tools ami from 1000 to 1200 extension cords, and sec that wc dill not interfere with the produc tion schedule. This meant changing all the three wire feeder circuits into, the ships to 4 wire, changing all the jack circuits to 4 wire, and carrying the ground wire to all portable receptacle boxes. To connect tins ground wire, brass plates were put on the flat plug boards and mating plates on the jacks so that the ground wire from the receptacle at cither the dock or way was carried all the way through the system to the farthest receptacle box on any ship. Our first move was to make up several new 4 wire service feeders with grounded flat plug boards and then exchange them G rounding oi Portable E lectrical Equipm ent ]$ Dy HARRY W . N ELSO N ' Elec. Forem an, Pullman-Standard Car M anufacturing Company, Chicago Hi JO volt power receptacles no changes were inade as they were 4 pole, one grounded, being used for welding machines ami [ventilating systems. However, for lights, for the old three wire ones. Wc then re vamped the old ones until all service feeders were changed. Then wc started will the jacks and changed them over unlit all cir Jhe receptacle previous to change-over was cuits were complete with ground to all port I was asked to tell oi our experiences and of methods used In the grounding system for all portable electric hand. tools and appliances at our plant. While we have not had any serious accidents from electric shock at our plant, we did have several complaints from!men working with port able electric tools that they were getting shocks from their machines. Notwithstand ing the fact that we are prone to discount such complaints, we know that it takes only a very small amount of current to produce serious results. In 1942 at our parent plant, the Pullman Car Shop, one man who was using a portable electric drill while working on a car received an electric shock that knocked him from the platform on which he was working, breaking his arm and caus ing an 8 week time loss accident. So with that and other instances in mind, the Safety Department pushed the grounding of these miral Land Safety award that he hayei! ceived. A t the Calumet Harbor Shipyard, vtgv serviced by the Commonwealth Edison (4 12,000 volts Primary stepped down lo(! at our switchboard; from there it 4 tributed to the various ways,' docks . building in duct way under ground. All our 440 volt equipment is grounded,'!! is portable; a 4 wire cable or cord is.usd all the switch and fuse panels, rei outlets and connecting conduit, are ; ed at-each location. : Tite lighting current is obtained frtnl phase transformers connected 480 Volt ft mary to 208 Volt See.--120 volts anyjt to neutral and the neutral is groundpl, each transform er; also all conduit; panels and receptacles arc coiuicctcd ground. For welding circuits, each way and,' three pole, 1 being neutral and 2 for 1 phase ,of the lighting circuit giving us 2 120 Volt arcuits at each receptacle and these two Ijoes fused with 60 amp. fuses. Each ship Requires three of these feeders or 6 cir cuits, and about 120 lamp outlets, of which 100 are 100 W att lamps and the balance 300 Watt lamps set in places where a little ipre light is needed. Also, each ship is 'provided with from 15 to 20 portable re ceptacle boxes, each box having four Du- jplex outlets or 8 outlets. These boxes arc wjcomplishcd with Hat plug boards and tadcs. The feeder circuit coming into a hip: may have two or three plug boards, and, from these, several circuits of lamps od receptacle boxes arc taken by means of; jacks. These jacks are fusible and are fused with 30 amp. fuses; then the re ceptacle boxes arc fused will 15 amp. fuses. Therefore, each ship lias 6 60 amp. fuses. able receptacle boxes. Now with this done, it was tunc to start'on the portable toots thcmsclvps. Tor these we made up all three wire corJJs with three prong plugs attached and the idler end prepared for a quick at tachments Over a weekend our entire elec trical force was brought in to change all the cords on! the portable tools and the recep tacles its ^11 of (lie portable boxes. After this installation was finished wc look meter readings of the resistance and chocked `from the portable tool to ground ami we fourni (lit (he resistance is I ohm. These checks of resistance arc made fre quently on various ships. Also a visual check of wiring is made constantly to sec that our men arc keeping this Safety item on their minds at all limes. Also the main tenance of the portable tools lhcm>clvcs is a steady job, for they require ficqucut in spection and constant care. tools and kept after it until authority was has a complete ground tie-up, so that vd! issued to do the job that cost approximately mg machines may be disconnected and no* $10,000. The untiring efforts of our Safety from any location without disturbio( t Department and the willingness of the man ground clamps on any ship. Then, of com agement to cooperate, enabled us to win, this welding ground is, in turn, gn along wi1- other awards, the coveted Ad so as to prevent any shock from the id* ( 338 33rd Naiioial Sajety Cngress, 1944 Metals Section i 33p health programs are: certain changes in op erating conditions made necessary by the war effort, the employment of physically handicapped workers and increased work ing periods. iv:K know how to tell what they know so tii WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION you aitd I can use it in our own plants October 4. 1944 I am to be sure that the discussions are goiflf intensely practical and 1 know 1)4 fJj&tiid'Tinp: L. S. Adam, Personnel Supvr., Continental Foundry & Machine Co., l-.nst we shall enjoy them and profit from tfy$ ~hieago, Ind. The section has enjoyed a growth in membership. This increase was made pos The year ahead offers us a challenge an opportunity. One of our major respqct Safe Foundry Practices--Pouring--Shakeout-- C leaning sible through the excellent cooperation of members of the section. The suggestion has been made that under the direction of the membership committee chairman, cer sibilities will be to give all the help'^ft can ' in the placement and re-training rof employees returning from service in .)k armed forces. Some of them will reltf By H. A. FO RSB ERG JFzr- General Superintendent, Continental Foundry &. Machine Company, East Chicago, Indiana tain members of the section be asked to serve as special representatives in various parts of the country for the purpose of maintaining closer persona! contacts with prospective members. It is my opinion that the adoption of this plan vyill result in fur ther gains. Oft-the-job safety has now been given a definite place in the accident prevention program of many of our member organi zations. An effort is being made to obtain reliable statistics regarding the compara tive frequency and severity of off-the-job and on-the-job accidents. More records and reports of this type will give us the basis for improved remedial procedures. Asks Poster Suggestions Posters play an important part in our accident prevention programs. The prob lem of maintaining a continuous supply of effective posters is great enough to re quire the cooperation of ali members. Let me urge that you send to the committee sketches or photographs illustrating the points that should be emphasized. A new sound slide film, sponsored by the to industry with new skills, capable*! filling more responsible jobs than they before. Those who have been in.the thickpj the fighting may have physical or emotia handicaps which must be taken intojl^ count. Whatever the problems *m a y ^ these people deserve every consideration-"* can show them, and we should spare' effort to make their return to industry?* easy and as pleasant as possible: Throw good orientation and adjustment-progra we must see that they are assigned to ll able jobs and adjusted to organization - ides and methods. The necessary pre-pl ment and in-service training must be vided so that the transition from war.- peace-time occupations may -be quickly, easily, and effectively. The safdi department should play a prominentira in this readjustment period.-. 'bUg Reconversion from war production.^ dvilian production will also bring withy problems for the safety department. InJf reassignment of workers to former j $ u,d in the adjustment to new types' jobs, safety must be kept constantly in iig foreground. We must make certain tb( il^shall cover principally dust control, ptuckeeping, pouring, shakeout and clean f 'applied to the Steel Foundry Indus- y}v: Dust Control re nave gone through the regular cycle iafety equipment covering the following: (guards, safety shoes, asbestos cloth'.latest type sand blast helmets, etc., and e.'also kept abreast of the times in con- 1with the latest design mechanical s, some of which arc as follows: Sand III'used for mixing sand are now entirely d 1with dust collecting systems at' This prevents particles of silica and various types of binders being ispersed through the air. All sandblasts (equipped with latest type ventilating and pDcctuig systems, operators are provided ^h'washed air helmets and metal shot is Jjd' in blasting operations. Numerous pHries have, in the first few years, inhlled a wet collecting system, rather than Oorling to the dry or screen type collector, [Us1, is a definite improvement over pre- BUS methods. tern placed at points where molds arc shaken out and we find that this definitely assists in controlling dust from this operation. We also use this mist spray at our sand re. claiming units. All stand grinders are equipped with col lector systems so that grindings from wheels are properly collected. Considerable work has been done in the way of concrete and block flooring, rather than sand floors, which has improved the housekeeping situation. Wc have large fans and mail coolers in various departments in order to continually change the air and these fans are directed generally toward the ventilators. The use of compressed air for cleaning is discouraged and the use of a vacuum system and brushing encouraged for dust control. Foundry floors are water sprayed several times each shift. One itim which may seem insignificant is that df the purchase of ground silica (220 mesh) in bags, rallicr than purchasing in bulk, leaking the unloading cleaner and facilitating unloading operations. Metals Section,: has been prepared and is now available. ! Its title is "Giant Hands o f industry" and it shows recommended safe practices for hookers in overhead traveling crane operations. The film was prepared under the immediate supervision oi members of the Metals Section and I am sure it will play an important part in your safety training programs. This year's sectional congress program has been designed to cover with maximum effectiveness, in the time at our disposal, a widc range of interests. You will find that without exception th e . speakers you will hear meet the two essential requirements, that is, they know their subjects and they the training which will be necessary;for-} Jtoper disposal of dust from the various large part of our personnel includes Jdg pjjeclors should be given definite considera- quate safety instruction, and that, a CD* tjtAccumulations removed from wet col- tinuous follow-up on safety is made {dors is in the form of a sludge and pre part of the plant supervisory programSjjj Ms no serious problem in disposal except 1 want to express to you my sincere.lt; ju g the winter months when excess water predation for the opportunity to. servejl linage has a tendency to freeze around Chairman of the Metals Section.: It'1# loading zone. Accumulations removed been a pleasure to work with you andjj dry collectors can be readily moved ain deeply grateful for the excellent *tj [transported if welled down, operation you have given me. With zjctj i^e also have a collecting system for linuation of the loyal support you hijj Ipiting molds and specially designed cquip- given in the past, the section will .prow jot is utilized for siphoning particles of forward in the future to greater.';** nd.through a vacuum system and collector, greater accomplishments in the collectors are connected to shakeout safety. i for small and medium sized castings; IJlhilceout operations for large castings .113 combination air and water spray sys- Housekeeping It is o lr opinion that good housekeeping is a barometer of a safe place to work and reflects the quality of the product manufac tured. Itij order to maintain a good sail ly record, wc believe it is necessary lo observe good housekeeping rules. Aislcways should be properly marked and maintained. Flasks, materials bud equipment should be piled properly, orderly and safely. We put forth a lot of effort to encourage proper piling of flasks, patterns, large clamps, flask equip ment and miscellaneous small castings, and this is a constant job. Proper clearance of railroad tracks within the plant is a regular problem and the maintenance of proper clearance can be included in good housekeeping and proper chaini crations. WM ( (. 540 J3nl National Safety Congress, 1944 Metals Section M l, We have a clean-up coimmttcc which con sists of the Safety Supervisor and members of the Safety & Housekeeping sub-commit tee of the Labor-Majiagement Committee. This Committee makes periodic inspections covering cleanliness, maintenance of aisle- . ways, piling or any other unsafe practices or conditions. Refuse cans are placed throughout the plant, well marked and regular disposal of refuse maintained. Proper lighting is also a necessary req uisite. We find that portable stand lamps with metal reflectors (similar to floor lamps but larger) aid considerably when it is nec essary for a inoldcr to work underneath a job or when the job obstructs the over head lighting. We also find that lights mounted on the overhead crane bridge and directed downward will prevent heavy shad ows caused by the crane. Pouring There is* a distinct difference between pouring of small castings and large cast ings, the difference being hand pouring or shanking and pouring direct from the ladle into the mold. Our pouring is entirely di rect from the ladle into the mold and I will therefore deal with that type of oper ation. The pouring is performed by the ladleman who is required to wear goggles and leather leggings; it is also necessary for him to wear an asbestos coat and hat. Crane signals by the ladleman are given by whistle, and hand combination. Unusually Urge jobs (90 tons and over) require utmost safety precautions. This pouring involves 2 and sometimes 3 cranes and ladles pouring si multaneously. A "drill" is held prior to Upping the heat with the empty ladle, mov ing same from the Open Hearth or Heat Car to the mold in order to establish proper clearances. An electrician and repairman arc stationed on each crane. Recently we had a craneman die of heart failure while operating a crane in one of our cleaning rooms. He was operating only the trolley at that time preparatory to picking up a load. While it is true that this happens very rarely, nevertheless we have issued in structions that the crane repainnan shall be on each heat crane, in addition to the regular operator, while pouring heats. This will serve as an extra safeguard during all pour ing operations. Chaining Operations The chainmen have certain definite-;/* sponsibilities in moving materials andirJ ings. Safe and orderly piling is the^ sponsibility of the chainmen, which, is Sjji] shared to some extent by the craneor however, continual checking s necessaryjjj the supervisor and Safety Departmental order that proper and safe piling be mut tained. A survey of our accidents disclose that the majority of the finger injiinp occurred to chainmen having fingers pind during chaining operations and as a/jpg ventative measure special classes were cot ducted by the Safety Department with*}! chainmen under our Training Dpartant Program. It is the duty of the chaintoa to check over his chains each day when ing the first lift with each chain and hei: ports to his supervisor any defects upd discovery. Monthly chain inspections i? conducted by the Safety Department^ gcllier with the supervisor of each depar't ment. Any excessive chain damage is n ported to the General Superintendent byt Maintenance Department through means ' a damaged equipment report. Any exi chain damage immediately indicates' a Ile__s__s_n__e__s__s___a__nId* _i_m___p_ ro__p__e__r h_ook_i ng__o__p__e_r_a_tdio_n__s_,U, operations involving two chainmen the chainman becomes responsible* for the gin of signals. In these cases the crancmang opacity of the crane or if the load is, in [liis'opinion, hooked improperly or unsafely, is to call this to the attention of the ainman. If they cannot agree regarding [^situation then the craneman is requested Sotto move the load and the cliainman is re quired to call the foreman on the floor and " ; foreman then makes the decision reuding the movement of such load. *Jhe chainmen, cranemen and floor supers hold periodic conferences regarding thes proper movement of loads. This is particularly true in the case of new crane men to whom the operations are explained m;detail by Use cliainman and floor super- isor.'' Crane cables are inspected monthly by the Safety Department at which time the hiiiit witches are also checked. A brief daily inspection of cranes is made by the crane- [P ,lt thc kcEmning of each shift a.id in ilion an inspection of cranes is inamtd by the Crane Repair Department. J-V". r. ' Safety Organization ^Safety committeemen are selected by the pipervisor and appointed for one year. The I maiunnHts''aarrie* CsuI lbh mt n iiftltMed'l 1to ItKhle> ^Saf *feh try Dparrft. it'and the activities of the Safety Comittee are under the guidance of the Safety pnpervisors, however, each committeeman is cepts orders from the head chainman. dais men are instructed to precede all ljj through the plant and to caution anyt ployces who might be in danger; addition to the warning signal of the.-.i Wp051"" / ^`s own direct supervisor. Safety meetings are held monthly and safety roblems and prevention are discussed at *'meetings. Jp--. rjjcw employees are given safety instruc- bell. Ous and information pertaining to general Shakeout ilant safety as part of our induction pro Shake-out operations are performed oath shake-out grids wherever possible. Lag castings cannot be shaken out in this mt. All cranemen and chainmen are hand- Jstandard crane signals at the time of iployment. ner and are therefore moved to a si ^Accidents, causes and prevention are dis- floor which is somewhat removed from' at the weekly meeting held in the general working area. Mist spray is* I Superintendent's oflice. Accident to do the job. Shake-out men and' fds, causes and cost are discussed at men wear respirators during these:- monthly Foremen's Club meeting which tions. pes all plant supervisors. Cranemen Cranemen operate at the direction of signals from the chainmen on the'm While the chainman is held responsible, .. ' Plant Publications f. Continental Plant Magazine, issued \ .90.days, devotes liberal space to all the load, proper chaining to be used movement of the load, the craneman some of the responsibility. If, in the ion of the craneman, the load is beyond. phases of l foundry safety. Weekly Victory Bulletin devotes space to safely items. Weekly safety letter is issued by the Safety Department which furnishes the department supervisor with a safety talk for his safely meeting each Monday at the beginning of each shift. Safety bulletin boards arc main tained by thc Safety Department. It has been said in mapy industries that accidents increased because of new employ ees and it may be of interest to give you our latest summary covering the first six months of 1944: It was found that 50% of the accidents involved employees who had been with us 6 to 12 months; 25% involved employees who h:ul been with us 12 to 24 months; indicating that it is not always thc newest employee. Analysis also showed that 65% of the accidents occurred on the second and third shifts, on which shifts we employed only 44% of our total employees. Men with thc longest service records work the preferable day shift while the newer employees work (he other two shifts. Also, we have found that more ac cidents occur during the last working hour of the shift, and between the third and fourth working hour. This is general infor mation which majr or may not tie in with your particular plant. It has long been the writer's opinion that accident prevention is definitely up to the departmental supervisor. Our company, like many others, has a Personnel and Safely Department. Representatives of the Safety Department make their rounds of the plant on each shift, and whereas I believe the Personnel |and Safety Departments make a direct contribution towards accident preven tion, thc rfcal job is up to the department supervisor because he, first of all, is fa miliar (or should be) with each individual employee; and furthermore, he has direct authority over the employee, which cannot, of course, be vested to the Personnel De partment representatives. Concerning the matter of treatment as a health measure for foundry workers, our company has recently initiated aluminum in halation treatment which will be elaborated on by a speaker in another part of this program.