Document b5ZX43JaEpL3Q4Z56jqBy1z5k

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ETHELBERT STEWART, Commiaaiener BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES > BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS) No. 306 INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND HYGIENE SERIES OCCUPATION HAZARDS ' AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS A GUIDE TO IMPAIRMENTS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS By LOUIS I. DUBLIN, PH. a Stedatlciee MitnjpoliUn L1I, laauranea Ce ad PHILIP LEIBOFF PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT MET-446 APRIL, 1M2 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1>22 v-. CONTENTS. P. Preface_________--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Introduction*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Section I.--Alphabetical Hat of hazardous occupations------------------------Section II.--List of hazards, symptoms, occupations exposed, and pre vention 10-28 -t 1-3 4-10 A. Abnormalities of temperature11,12 1. Extreme dry heat 12 2. Sudden variations of temperature------------------------------------- 12 B. Compressed air-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12, IS C. Dampness---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IS, 14 D. Dust____________________________ 14-16 1. Inorganic dust`------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 2. Organic dust 16 E. Extreme light----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16,17 F. Infections17,18 1. Anthrax 18 2. Hookworm (ankylostomiasis) 18 3. Septic Infections--------------------------------------------------------------- 16 G. Poor Illumination18,19 EL Repeated motion, pressure, shock, etc---------------------------------------- 19 J. Poisons------------------- 19-28 1. Acetaldehyde 20 2. Acridine20 8. Acrolein________________ 4. Ammonia 21 5. Amyl acetate-------------------------------------------------------------------6. Amyl alcohol 21 7. Aniline and other amino compounds of benzol and its homoioguesj. 8. Antimony and its compounds______________ 20 21 21 21 9. Arsenic and its compounds 21 10. Arsenlureted hydrogen 21 11. Benzine 22 12. Bensol 22 13. Brass (zinc) 22 14. Carbon - dioxide 22 15. Carbon disulphide 16. Carbon monoxide: 17. Chloride of lime 18. Chlorine 22 23 23 23 19. Chiorodinltrobenzol 23 20. Chloronitrobenzol 23 21. Chromium compounds 23 22. Cyanogen compounds 23 23. Dimethyl sulphate_________________________ 24. DInitrobenzol 23 28 25. Gasoline 23 28. Hydrochloric acid 27. Hydrofluoric acid 23 24 28. Lead and its compounds 24 29: Mercury and Its compounds 24 30. Methyl alcohol 25 31. Methyl bromide 25 32. Naphtha 25 S3. Nltnanlline 25 34. Nltrobenzol and other nitro compounds of benzol and Its homoiogues 25 m  rv CONTESTS. Section II.--Lixt of hazards, symptom*. occupation* exposed, and pre vention--Concluded. J. Poisons--Concluded. ?>ii. 85. Nitroglycerin 2T> 36. Nitronnphtliulene S> 37. Nitrous gases and nitric acid 2r, 88. Petroleum 2i: 38. Phenol 2 40. Phenyl hydrazine 2fl 41. Phosgene 26 42. Phosphoruei 20 43. Phosphuretted hydrogen lit; 44. Picric acid----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 45. Sulphur chloride 27 46. Sulphur dioxide 27 47. Sulphuretted hydrogen 27 48. Sulphuric ucid___ " 27 27 50. Tetrachloretlmne t acetylene tetrachloride t------------ ---------- 2s 51. Trinitrotoluol 2s 52. Turpentine 2* Section III.--Skin irritants 28-31 PREFACE. The first edition of this guide to the hazards of occupations and to the svmptoms of the diseases they cause1 -was intended primarily to uid tlie 0.000 medical examiners of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. in the discovery of impairments among applicants for insurance. The pumphlet soon attracted the attention of others not immediately interestec! in insurance medical examinations. Large numbers of industrial physicians, directors of compensation boards, factory in spectors. safety engineers, industrial rehabilitation agents, medical colleges, and, most important of all, general practitioners of medicine have made a call for this work and nave expressed their approval of it. The favorable response has encouraged us to proceed with the preparation of this second and much enlarged edition. While the form of the first pamphlet has been in general maintained, we have increased the number of hazardous occupations from about 450 to TOO. and have increased the groups of hazards from 4 to 9. These now include abnormalities of temperature: compressed air: damp ness; dust: extreme light; infections; poor illumination; repeated motion, pressure, shock, etc.; and the poisons. Under each ot these the list of particular hazards has been extended. Besides this extension of the old material, other important additions have lieeri made. Bach main hazard is now preceded by a descriptive paragraph, which, in a general way, discusses its pathological action und touches on the preventive measures which have proved most efficucious in reducing its effects. Other important facts regarding par ticular hazards, as. for example, the unsettled points regarding the effects of different types of dust, are discussed m these paragraphs. Obviously, in a bulletin of this size these large subjects can be only barely outlined. Those who wish to make an intensive study will find invaluable the works of the men whose names are listed below. But for others who have not the time for thorough study, yet feel the need of a general knowledge of the subject, these notes should prove instructive. A separate section of this bulletin has been given over to a discussion of skin irritants. In preparing this revision the whole literature of industrial hy giene lias been carefully examined, and we believe that the larger number of the more important occupations and hazards are now in cluded. As n convenience to handling, we have reversed the order of the two lists and now present the alphabetical list of occupations first, following with the list of hazards and the diagnostic signs of disease. We hope that those physicians and others who use this work will be good enough to inform'us of any errors which have crept into it and will let us have their suggestions for any occupations and hazards which we have omitted.* * Sw Munibir Lalwr Review of the C. 8. Bureau of Labor StatUtlct. March. lflUl, pp. 13!-]67. VI PREFACE In presenting this, the second edition of the pamphlet, we desire to acknowledge our indebtedness to the members of the medical, pro fession of the United States and Canada who have so courteously re ceived the first effort and who have so enthusiastically cooperated in extending its scope. Special mention should be made of the work undpersonal assistance of Drs. R. P. Albaugh. W. I. Clark, ir.. Henry S. Forbes, Alice Hamilton, Emery R. Rayhurst, Yandell Henderson, Clarence H. Ivilkei, H. R. M. Landis, A. J. Lanza, Carey P. McCord. D. C. Parmenter, Francis D. Patterson, Marvin D. Shie, H. F. Smyth. E. B. Starr, \V. Gilman Thompson, R. Prosser White, and Messrs. Leonard Greenberg and Frederick G. Lange. The detailed work of this compilation was carried out bv Messrs. Robert J. Vane. jr.. and Paul W. Cohen, of the Statistical Bureau of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. Louis I. Dublin. BULLETIN OF THE U. S, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. . km * WASHINGTON april. im OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS: A GUIDE TO IMPAIRMENTS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS. INTRODUCTION. Many occupations have iniurious effects on the physical condition of those engaged in them. The health of those who work with the poisons, such as lead, arsenic, mercury, picric acid, etc., or those who are exposed for long periods to dust, heat, humidity, or to the infectious materials, etc., may be impaired seriously as the result of their work. The occupation is now recognized as of the very first importance as a factor in the causation of disability and even of death. Dr. Edsall has shown that in his clinic at the Massachusetts General Hospital many of the conditions for which treatment is sought by men of working ages are the effects of occupation.* Other industrial clinics are reporting similar results. With their attention directed to occupation as a possible factor, industrial physicians are able to diagnose a great many obscure cases which previously had puzzled* even the most competent clinicians. In this way they dis cover a great many more cases of disease of occupational origin than had before been thought possible. Thus, in 1917 about 150 cases of lead poisoning were discovered at the Massachusetts General Hos pital. which are more than were recorded by this clinic during the five-year period prior to the adoption of the more intensive methods of study. It is generally recognized that patients come to physicians with pains and complaints of an indefinite character, and it is only when consideration is given to the occupation and its possible effects that many of these cases are cleared up. The medical examiner should, therefore, be very careful to see if any of the usual diagnostic signs of poisoning, dust, heat, or other hazards which are known to be inherent in occupations are in evi dence among their patients where no other explanation of the case is readily available. In the case of those exposed to lead, such as employees of storage-battery plants, white-lead workers, paint mix ers, painters, etc., the blue line on the gum, the pale, sallow ap pearance. and the trembling fingers are significant as indications of chronic lead poisoning, and the physician should look for these signs. Physical symptoms and conditions which ordinarily might be passed by, in this way become very important if they point to the possible effect of the occupation. * Sr MootLJj1CC>-185. lAbor R*lew of tha U. S. Bu;reau of Labor .Statistic*. Dec., 1I7, pp. 1 2 i pi i i |\\ll<p.\ MA/.AKI'f AM* I * t \' This handbook h.is hern prepared to aid j^i11 \ ~i'-uin-~ in m'neral practice, industrial hygieni-ts. .-afety engineers. and others hit come into e|oe professional contact with those wlin arc i'H"awl m industrial pnnesses. Nine major- hazard* of employment are listed : namely, abnormalities of temperature: compressed air: dampness: dust: extreme light: infections: poor illumination: repeated motion, pressure, or shock: anti the poisons. A separate -cetinn of the bul letin is devoted to a discussion of skin irritants. hong exposure to any of these will usually leave delinite physical sign* which tin* medical examiner can discover if he will look for then*. To aid him in detecting the hazards ami their effects on the worker, two lists are presented. The first consists of the more common haz ardous occupations. arranged alphabetically: the second consists of hazards, together with their effects or symptoms, as well as tin* occupations affected. After each occupation in the first list is a reference in code to the particular hazard in the -eeond list. The capital letters after each occupation. "A." " B." "tV etc., refer to the general hazard. The Arabic numerals signify the particular hazard, as " Dl." inorganic dust: " D2." organic dust. The following example will show how this guide may he of value to the general practitioner: A man. who works in a garage, suffering from continuous hem laches, visits his physician. The latter can find no cause for the patient's illness. The patient shows no sign* of disease other than the subjective symptoms which he describes. Perhaps the physician will recommend an examination of the sub ject's eyes. ears, and sinuses, which will prove negative. A puzzling diagnosis such as this becomes very simple when the occupation is ascertained and this guide is utilized. Alongside of "Garage work ers" in the "Alphabetical list of hazardous occupations." the physi cian finds the symbols .T 16. 25. "J" represents the hazard poisons and " 16. 25" the particular poisons--carbon monoxide and gasoline, respectively. Upon looking up the symptoms of these poisons in the second list he finds that both produce headache when inhaled in small quantities. In such a case the effective remedy lies in the removal of the etiological factor--the two poison-. The following procedure is therefore recommended: The medb al examiner or phvsician should ascertain the occupation of the appli cant. He should then look for it in the "Alphabetical list of haz ardous occupations" (p. 4). If found there, it is possible that the person has been exposed to and is possibly suffering from the effect, of some hazard of his occupation. The numerals will indicate the particular hazards of the occupation. The physician should then make special effort to discover the symptoms or signs referred to m; the second list. By this means he can readily determine whether the person examined is in fact suffering from the effect of his ...c i- pation. His examination is in this way made more illuminating. Physicians, not specialists in occupational hygiene, can thus learn (< detect the effects of industry and. conversely, can eliminate tin......upation ns the cause when certain symptom* are observed wlm-h b> not fit the usually observed effects of tne occupation. Medical examiners should remember that it is often nee--am t keep in mind not only the present occupation, hut. the former one as well. Persons suffering from certain ailments may no longer be iNTHiiiu crrii.v. 3 engaged in the industry which ua~ urighudly fur their condition. Rut careful inajiiirv into their oft-iijiiitnm:i 1 hisinry will Miiiiotirue- result in tho recording of an occtipution tin* etlecr., of which are clearly tho>,e from wliich. the patient is suffering. The medical profession must give occupational finding.-greater weight in forming their judgment.- regarding physical condition- ami in 11i:i^r- no-ing ami treatin'? di-ease. It is hoped in this way that the medical profession will become more and more acquainted with occupational diseases and help in the movement to discover anil eliminate cases thereof. In our coun try. it is still true that very large numbers of working people are constantly exposed to serious occupational hazards and suffer, often unnecessarily, very seriously from the effects of such exposure. The greater interest of medical practitioners will help materially in the campaign of prevention. Medical schools can aid greatly in bringing about tins result by giving due weight to the subject in their courses of study. Already the form and content of the pamphlet have recommended it to several schools, which report its value. In the same way. plant executives and safety engineers mn-c take cognizance of the existence of these occupational diseases and look carefully into their own establishments to see to what degree the processes in their shops are devoid of the dangers which are usually associated with industrial operations. Factory inspectors, labor officials, and workmen's compensation boards "will find it helpful in inspecting and rating numerous industries. Many hazards should be revealed which they have not known were asso ciated with the processes of manufacture and of which the employers themselves have been ignorant. The comparatively new but rapidly expanding field of industrial rehabilitation should find this bulletin an aid in selecting occupations for those with arrested cases of tuber culosis and for others weakened by disease. 88062*--22------ 2 Section L--ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS. Acetylene makers, D 1, J 4, 16, 43. Beamers (textile), D 2. Acid dippers, C, J 10, 22, 26, 37, 48. Beamhouse workers (tannery), C, F 1. Acid finishers (glass), J 26, 28. 48. Beatermen (paper and pulp). C, J 18. Acid makers. See particular acid. Bed rubbers (marble and stone), D. 1. Acid misers, J 26, 37, 48. Bench molders (foundry), D l, J 13, Acid recoverers, J 26, 37, 48. 28. Acid transporters, J. 26, 37, 48. Benzol stlllinen, A 1, J 12. Airplane-wing varnishers, J 50. See Bessemer-converter workers (iron and alto Varnishers. steel), A 1. Alcohol distillery workers, J 5, 6. Beta still operators (beta nuphthol), Aldehyde pumpmen, J 1, 30. A 1, J 48. Alkali salt makers, C, J 14, 18, 26, 46, Bevellers, D J. 47. Bicyclists. H. Amber workers, J 28. Billet mill workers (iron and steel), Ammonium salts makers, A 1, J 4, 15, A L 22, 26, 48. Bisque-kiln workers, A 1, D 1. ,T 16. Ammonium sulphate makers, J 48. Blacksmiths A 1, E, H, J 14, 16, 22, 28. Aniline dye makers. See Dye makers. Blast-furnace workers, A 1, J 22, 46. Aniline makers, J 7, 10, 12, 26, 34, 37. 47. Animal hair dressers. See Hair work Bleachers, A 2, C, J 17, 18, 21, 27, ers. 3? 43 Animal handlers, F 1, S. Bleachers (cloth), A 2, C. Annealers, A 1. Bleachery dryers, A 2, C. Antimony extractors (refiners), A U Blockers (felt hat). C J 16. J 8. Btoodera (tannery), J 28. / Antimony fluoride extractors, J 27. Antipyrln makers, J 31, 40. Bloomlng-mlll workers (iron and steel), A 1. Arsenic roasters, A 1, J 9. Blower* (felt hat), D 2, J 29. Art-glass workers, J 5,11, 27, 28, 30,52. Blowers (glass manufacturing). See Artificial flower makers, H, J 9, 21, 28, Glass blowers. 29, 30. Blowers-out (zinc smelting), A l, J 13. Artificial ice makers, A 2, C, J 4. Bluera (revolvers), A 1. Artificial leather makers, J 7, 9, 12, 37, Boiler-room workers, A 1, J 14. 16. 48. Boiler washers, C. Artificial manure makers. See Ferti Bone-black makers, J 4, 42. lizer makers. Bone renderers. J 3. Artificial silk makers, C, J 4, 5, 15, SO. Bone workers, D 1. 47,-50. Bookbinders, J 9, 28, 30. Asbestos workers, D L Bottle-cap makers, J 28. Asphalt testers, J 15. Brass founders, A 1. J 8, 9, 13. 14, Auto painters, C. See alto Painters. 16, 28, 42, 46. Bahbitters, J 28. Brass polishers, J 28. Braziers, A 1, J 13, 28. Bakellte makers, J 39. Brewers, A 2, C, J 14. Bakers. A 2, D 2, J 16. Brick burners, A 1, J 14. 28. Balloon (toy) fillers, J 10. Barbers, H. Bar-mill workers (iron and steel), A 1. Basic slag (artificial manure) work ers, D 1. Batch makers (glass works). See Glass mixers. Batch makers (rubber works). See Compounders (rubber). Baters (tannery), C. F 1. Battery (dry) makers, D 1, .1 5. 10, 12, 21. 26. 28, 29. 49. Battery (storage) makers. See Stor age battery makers. Brickmakers, A1, C, D 1, F 2, .T 28. K>. Briquet makers, J 49. Bronzers, D 1, J 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 25. 28, 29, 3tt 47. Broom makers D 2, J 18, 46. Browner* (gun barrels), J 22, 29. 29, 38. Brushers (felt hat), D 2, J 29. Brush makers, D 2, F 1, J 28, 30. 49. Buffers, D 1, 2, G. Ruffer* (rubber), J 5, 11. 28. Rumens (enameling), A 1, J 28. Burnishers (iron and steel), G, J 8, 48 Rtirnlshcrs (rifle barrels), J 8. 4 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS. 5 Burrers (needles), D 1. Chloride of lime makers, J 17, 18. Barr fliers, D L Chlorine makers (electrolytic). J 18. Butchers, A. 2, P 1, 8. 29. Batton makers, D 1, 2. Chloroform makers, J 17. Chromium workers, J 2L Cable makers, J 28. Cigar makers, D 2, H. Cable splicers, C, J 16, 28, 47, 52. Clay and bisque makers (pottery), Caisson workers, A. 2, B, C, Q, J 14. A 2, C, D 1. Calenderers (robber), A 2, D 1. Clay-plug makers (pottery), c, I* l. Calico printers A 2, C, J 7. >. 9, 16, Clay-products workers. See Pottery IS. 21, 22, 28, 28, 30, 39, 48, 52. workers. Camphor makers, J 28, 52. Clerks, H. Candle (colored) makers, J 9, 2L Cloth preparers, C. See alto Bleach Candy makers, A 2, C. ers. Canners, A 2, C. F 3, J 28. Coal miners. See Miners. Cap loaders, J 29. Coal-tar workers, J 7, 12, 16, 39. Cappers (window glass), A 1. Cobblers, D2, T1.E Carbide makers, A1, D1, J16. Coke-oven workers, A 1, J 4,12.16. 49. Carbolic acid makers, J 12, 26, 46, 48. Cold-storage-plant workers, A 2. CarbOD brush makers, D L Color makers, A 1, D 1, J 8, 9, 12, 21, Carbon dioxide makers, J 14. 28. 29. Carbon disulphide makers, J 15. Colored-paper workers, J 9. Carbonlsers (shoddy), D 2, J 10, 26, Colorers (white) of shoes, J 28. 48. Comb makers (celluloid), D 2. Carborundum workers, A1,D1. Compositors, D L <5, H, I 7, 8. 11. 28. Carders (textile), D 2. Card grinders (textile), D 1, 2. , , .Compounders (rubber), D 1, J 7. 8, 9, 11 12 21 Carpenters, H. Concentratlng-mlU workers (lead and Carpet makers, D 2, F 1, J 9. zinc), C, D 1, J 28. Carroters (felt bats), J 9, 29, 87. Coners (felt hats), D 2, J 29. Cartridge cup washers, C. Confectioners. See Candy makers. Cartridge dippers, J 26, 87, 48. Construction camp workers, F 2. Cartridge felt and wad makers, C. Cooks, A 2. Cartridge makers, J 28, 29. Copper founders, J 9. Cartridge shot shell paraffin dippers, Copper miners. Bee Miners. a 2, a Copper smelters. A 1, J 9,16, 46. Case hardeners, A 1, J 22. Cord makers, D 2, J 49. Casters (brass foundry). See Brass Core makers, A 1, D 1, J 18,16. founders. Cork workers, D 2. Casters (Iron and steel), A L Cotton-mill workers, C.D2. Casting cleaners (foundry), D L See Cotton twisters, D 2, H. alto Acid dippers. Cranemen (glass Industry), A 1. . .Cast scrubbers (electroplaters), J 11, Cranemen (Iron and steel). A 1. 12 Creosoting plant workers, C. Catchers (iron and steel), A L Crucible mixers, D 1. Cattle salesmen, F 1. Crucible-steel department employees, Celluloid makers, J 1, 5,11,15,16, 22, A L 28, 30. 37, 47, 48. Crushermen (clay and stone), D 1. Celluloid polishers, D 2. Cupola men (foundries), A L Celluloid workers, D 2. Carers, vapor (robber). See Vulcan- Cementers (rubber shoes), J 11, 12, tiers. 15, 30, 52. Curriers (tannery). D 2, F 1, J 9, 11. Cement mixers (rubber), J 11, 12, 15. Cot-glass workers, D 1. J 9. 28. Cement workers, il,Dl Cutlery makers, D 1, J 5, 28. Cbambermen (sulphuric add). J 46, Cyanamld makers, A 1, D 1. 48. Charcoal burners, J 14, 18. Dancers, H. Charcoal workers (sugar refining), Decorators (pottery), J 9, 11, 12, 28. A 2, C, D 1. 52. Chargers (Bmelting), A1.DL Degreasers (fertiliser, leather), J n. Chargers (sine smelting), A 1, D 1, 12, 25. J 9, 18, 16. 28, 46. Dentists, J 20. Chasers (steel), D 1. Detonator cleaners, J 29. . Chauffeurs, H, S 25. Detonator Oilers, J 29. Chimney sweepers, D 1, J 16, 49. Detonator packers, J 29. Chippers, D L Devil operators (felt hats). D 2, J 29. 6 OCCTPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. Diamond cutters. D 1, H. File cutters, D l, J 28. Diamond polishers, J 28. Filers, D 1. 7 8, 28. Digester-Uouse workers (paper and Film maker*. See Celluloid makers. palp), A 2, C. Filter presa workers, C. Dimethyl-sulphate makers. .1 1<>, 23, Finishers (incandescent lamps), J 16. 80, 87, 48. Finishers leather), D 2. Dippers (guncotton), J 37. Finishers (shoes). Sec Shoe finishers. Dippers (rubber), J 1L Fireworks makers, J 8. 29. 42. Se< Dippers. See alto Acid dippers. alto Explosives. Disinfectant makers. J 17, 18. Fishermen. A 2. C. Divers. B. Fitters (shoes), J 30. Doffers (textile), C. D 2. Flangers (felt hats), A 2. J 16. Dressers (glass). A 1. Flnfteners (glass). A I. Dresser tenders (textile), A 2, C. Flax rettery workers, J 47. Drivers, A 2, C. Flax spinners. C. D 2. Drop forgers, A 1. Flint workers, D 1. Dry battery workers. See Rnttery Floor molders (foundry). A l, D 1, (dry) makers. .T 18. 28. Dry cleaners, A 2. J 11, 12. 15. 30, 52. Flour workers, D 2. Dryers (felt bats), A 2. J 30. Flue cleaners. D 1. J 1(5. 40. 49. Dryers (rubber), J 12, 15. Flush tenders (aluminum). C. Drying-room workers (miscellaneous), Forgemen. A 1. A 2, J 14. IB. Formers (felt hats), D 2. Dye makers. A 2. C. J 1, 2, 4. 6. 7. 8, 0, Foundry workers, A l, D 1, .1 16. See 10, 12, 17. 18, 21, 22, 23. 26, 28. 29, alto particular metnl. 80. 81. 34, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 47, Fruit-essence makers, J 6. 48 52 Fruit preservers, J 46. Dyers, A 2. C. J 4, 21,25. 26. 27, 28, 39, Fulminate mixers, J 22, 29. 44. See atto preparatory processes. Fumlgatora, J 22. 46. Edison storage battery workers. .T 29. Electricions. E. < Electric linemen, E. Electroplaters, C, J 9, 11,12. 22. 28. Electrotypera. A 2, D 1, J 28. See alto ElectroplateTM. Elevator runners. EL Embroidery workers. O. J 28. Emery wheel makers, D 1. .T 28. Fur carders, D 2, F 1. Fur clippers, D 2, F 1. Fur cutters, D 2, F 1. Fur handlers, D 2. F 5. .1 9. 20. Furnace workers, A 1. E, .7 14.16. Furniture polishers. J 5, 11. 25. 30, 38. 52. Fur preparers, D 2. F 1. J 9. 29, 37. Fur pullers, D 2, F I. Enamelers. 'See Enamel nmkera. Galvnnizers, C, 7 3, 4. 9. 10. 13, 26. 28, Enamel makers, A 1. C, H. 7 5. 8. 9. 10, 87. 46. 48. 11, 15.16. 21, 26. 28. 37, 52. Garage workers, J 16, 25. Engravers, D 1. H. See alto Steel en Garbage workers, F 3. gravers. Gardeners, J 9. Etchers. J 27, 87, 39. Gas (Illuminating) workers, A 2. J 4, Explosives workers, C. J 1. 5, 7, 12. 29. 12, 16, 22, 39, 47. 49. 30, 34. 35, 87, 44, 48. 51. See alto Gas purifiers, 7 4. 22,39, 47. particular occupation. Gatherers (glass). A 1. Extractor operators (soap). A 2, G. Gilders, J 5,11,12. 25, 30. Glass blowers, A 1, D 1, E. Farmers. FI, 2. Glass cutters, C, D 1. Fat renderera, A 2, 7 8. Glass finishers, C, D 1, J 26, 27, 28. 48. Feather carers, D 2, J 9. Glass-furnace workers, A 1. E. Feather workers, D 2, F 3, 7 7, 9. 11, Glass mixers, D 1, J 8, 9, 21. 26. 28. 12, 30, 38. 52. Felt extractors, 0. Glass polishers, J 28. Glaze dippers (pottery), C, 7 8, 9. 21, Felt-bat makers, A 2, C, D 2, .T 9, 16, 28. 29. 30, 37, 48. See alto particular Glaze mixers (p*tterv), D 1, J 8. 9. 21. occupation. 28. Ferro-sliicon workers, 7 9,10. 43. Glost-kiln workers. A 2. 7 16, 28. Fertilizer makers. C. D 1, F 1, 3, J 10, Glove makers (leather preparers). O. 12, 14, 26. 27, 37. 42. 46, 47. 48. See D 2. See alto Tannery workers. alto Phosphate mill employees. Glue workers. A 2, C, D 2. F 3. J 4. 11. FIbej workers, D 2. 12. 15, 26, 37, 46, 47. Filament makers (Incandescent Gold beaters D 1. H. lamps), J 16, 30. Gold refiner*, D 1. J 9. 22. 28. 29. ALPHABETICAL list of hazardous occupations.- 7 Grain' elevator workers, D 2. Granite workers. See Stonecutters. Lend foil makers, A 1. J 28. Lead miners, J 28. See also Miners. Graphite workers, A 1. D 1. Lead pipe makers. J 23. Grinders (colors). See Color makers. Lead salts makers. J 28. Grinders (metals). C. D 1. .1 8. 28. Lt-ad smelters, A 1, D 1. .1 x. 0, 16, Grinder* (rubber l. D 2, J 8, 28. 28. 46. Guncotton dipper*. J 3T, 48. Guncotton pickers. D 2. Ouncotron washer*. C. Guncotton wringers. J 3T. Gypsum workers, D L Leather workers, D 2, F 1. See alto Tannery workers. Leer tenders (glass), A I. Letter sorters, EL Levermen (iron and steel), A 1. Llfters-over (glass), A 1. Hair workers, C. D 2, F 1. 3. Hammermen. H. Lime burners. D L J 10, 14, 16. Limekiln chargers, D 1, J 14, 16. Hardeners (felt hats). J 29, 30. Lime pullers (tannery), C, F 1. Hardeners (metals). A 1. Lime workers, D 1. Harness makers. D 2. Linen workers, D 2. Hat makers, felt. See Felt-hat mak Linoleum colorers, J 9, 21. ers. Linoleum makers, A 2, C, D 1, J 3, 5, Heater boys (riveters). J 28. 11. 28. 30, 48, 52. Heel maker* (shoes), D 2 Linotypers, J 8, 28. Hemp workers, D 2. Linseed-oil boilers, J 8, 28. Horn workers, D 1. Lithographers. D 1, H, J 7, 9, 11. 12, Hothouse workers, A 2. 21. 28. 37. 52. Hot-rod rollers (Iron and steel). A 1. Lltho-transfer workers,'J 28. Hydrochloric-acid makers. J 28, 48. Locksmiths, EL Longshoremen, F 1. Ice (artificial) makers. Sec Artificial- Lumbermen, A 2, F 2. fee'makers. Luters (sine smelting), A 1, J 13. Ice-cream makers. A 2, O. Imitation-pearl makers. J 28. 37. Machinists, EL Incandescent-lamp makers. J 5,-10. 28, Marble cutters, DL 29. 30. 37. See alto particular occu Marblers (glass). A 1. pation. Masons, C, D 1, H. Incandescent-mantle hardeners, E. Match-factory workers, C, D 1, 2, J 15, Ink makers, J.21, 30. 21. 28. 42. 47. Insecticide makers, J 9, 13. 28, 42. Mattress makers, D 2. Insulators, J 49.. Meat inspectors, FI. Iron and steel Workers (all depart Melters (foundary: glass), A L ments), A 1. See alto particular oc Mercerlrers, J 4, 48. cupation. Ironers, A 2. Mercurial-vapor-lamp makers, J 29. Mercury bronzers, J 29. Mercury miners, J 29. See alto Miners. Japan makers. A 2, J 9, 11, 28, 30, 32. Mercury* salts workers, J 29. Japanners. See Japan makers.. Jewelers, D 1, G, H, J 5, 9, 26, 28, 29i 37. 48. Junk metal refiners, A 1, D X, J 13, 28. Jute workers, D 2. Mercury smelters, A L J 16, 29, 46. Mercury-solder makers; J 29. Mercury-still cleaners, J 29 Metal polishers. G. Metai-pollsh makers, J 25. Kiln tenders, A L J 16. ' , Knitters, H. Knitting-mill workers, D 2. . . Metal turners, D L Metal workers. See particular occu pation. Mica strippers or splitters, D 1. Mica workers, D 1. Labelers (paint cans), J 28. . Lace makers, D 2. Lacquerers. See Lacquer makers. Lacquer makers, J 5, U, 12, 28, 30, 52. Lampblack makers, J 38, 39. Lapidaries. D 1. Lard makers, J fi. Lasters (shoes), A 2, C, D 2, J 30. Lathe turners, H. Laundry workers, A 2, 0, J16, IT, 18. Layer pullers (glass), A L Lead burners, J 10, 28. Microscopists, H. Milkers, H. Millinery workers, J 7, 11, 12, 30, 38, 52. Miners, A 2, C, D 1, F 2, G. H, J 14, 16, 37, 47. Mirror allverers, A 2, C, J 1, 28, 29. Mixers (felt bats), D 2, J 29. Mixers (rubber), A 2, D 1, J 7, 8. 9, 11. 12. 21, 28. Mixing-room workers (miscellaneous), D 1, 2. 8 * OCCUPATION* HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. Mold breakers (foundry). D 1. Molden. See Bench molders, Floor molders. Monotypers. J 8, 28. Mordsnters, J 8. 8, 9. 11. 12. 21, 37. Motion-plcture-fllm makers. See Cellu loid makers. Motormen, A 2. XIottlers (leather), J 5, SO. Movlng-plcture-machine operators, E. Photo-engravers, J 12. 21. 30, 37. Photographers, E, G, J 30. 44. Photographic workers, J 7. 12. 18. 21, 22, 29. Photograph retouchers. J 28. Plcklers, C, J 10. 22. 26. 37. 43. Picric-acid makers, J 37. 39, 44. 48. Figment makers. See Color makers. Pipe fitters, J 28. See alto liquid piped. Muffle tenders, A L Muriatic-acid makers. See Hydro chloric-add makers. Muriatic-acid mixers. See Acid mixers Musical-instrument makers, J 28. Musicians, H. Pitch workers, J 9. Pit molders (foundry), A 1. D 1. Planer men (stone, metal). D 1. Plasterers, C, D 1. Plaster of Paris workers, D 1. Platers. See Electroplaters. Plumbers, J 28. See alto substance manufactured. Nickel platers, C. See alto Electro platers. Nltrators, J 37, 48. Nitric-acid workers, J 28, 37, 48. Nitroglycerin makers, J 10, 28, 35, 37, 48. Pneumatic-tool workers. D 1. H. Polishers, O 1, J 5, 25, 28. SO. Polishers (furniture). See Furniture polishers Porcelain makers. See Pottery. Porters, H. Pot fillers <glass), A 1. Oilcloth makers. See Linoleum Pot lifters i iron and steel), A 1. makers. Pot pullers (foundry), A 1. OH extractors, 7 15. Pot-room workers (aluminum foun Oll-flotatlon-plant workers, J 38, 46, dry; carbide plant), A 1. 47, 48. Pot setters, A 1. OH refiners. See Petroleum refiners. Pottery workers, A L G, D 1, J 9, 14. Oil-well workers, J 38. 16, 26, 28,46. See alto particular oc Open-hearth-department workers (iron cupation. and steel), A 1. Pouncers (felt hata), D 1, 2. Oxy-acetylene cotters, E. Pourers (brass foundry), A 1. J 13. Preparers (tannery), C, F 1, 8. Packing-house employees, A 2, C. Presaera, H, 7 16. Painters, H, J 7, 11, 12, 25, 28, 80, 52. Preasman (oil refining), C. Paint makers, C, J 7, 11, 12, 15, 28, Pressmen (printers), D 1. 29, 30. 49, 52. Pressroom workers (rubber), A 2, J 7, Paint removers, D 1, J 28. 8. 9. 11.12. 21. Pair heaters (tin-plate), A 1. Primers (explosives), J 29. Paper-box makers, H. Paper glarers, J 9. Printers, D 1, J 7, 8, 9, 11, 28. 52. Puddlers (Iron and steel), A1, E. Paperhangers, D 1, J 9, 21, 28. Pullers-out (felt bats), C. Paper makers, A 2, C. Bee alto par Pulp-mill employees, C. See alto par ticular occupation. Paraffin workers, J 15,88. 49. Patent-leather makers, A 2, J 5,16, 28 30, 48, 52. ticular occupation. Putty makers, D l, J11,15,28. Putty polishers (glass), D 1, J 28. Pyrites burners, A 1. D 1, J 9, 46, 47. Pavers, A 1, H, J 49. Pencil (colored) makers, J 7, 9, 21. Pyroxylin makers. See Guncotton. Perfume makers, J 23, 30, 34. Quarrymen, D1, F 2. Petroleum refiners, A 1, C, J 25, 26, 28, 38. 46, 47, 48, 49. Bag workers, D 2, F ft. Phenol makers. See Carbolic-add Reclaimers (rubber), J 7,12,15, 26. 28. makers. 48. Phosgene makers, J 16, 18, 41. Red-lead workers, J 28. Phosphate-mill workers, A 2, C, D 1, Refiners (metals), A 1, J 9, 10. 16. 28. 7 42. See also Fertiliser makers. 29, 37,46. See alto particular metal Phosphor-bronze workers, J 42. Refiners (sugar). See Sugar refiners. Phosphorus-compounds makers, J 42. Refrlgeratlng-plant workers. A 2. <\ Phosphorus - evaporating - machine op J 4. erators, A 2, C, J 48. Riveters, H, J 28. Phosphorus extractors, J 42, 43. Holler coverers (cotton mills), C. D 2. Phosphorus (red) makers, J 48. ; Hollers (metals), A L ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS. 9 Roll setters (Iron and steel), A 1. Silver refiners. J 22. Roll wrenchers (iron and steel). A 1. Singers (cloth). J 16. Roofers, 2, J 28, 49. Sintering-plant workers. D 1. Roofing-paper workers, J 49. Sizers (felt hats), C, J 29. Hope makers, D 2. Skimmers (glass), A 1. Roughen (lion and steel), A 1. Sing-machine tenden (Iron and steel), Rubber-glove makers, J 11. A 1. Rubber-substitute makers, J 45. Slate worken. D 1. Rubber-tire builders, J 9, 11, 12, 21. Slip maken (pottery), C, D 1, J 28. Rubber washers, J 9. 11, 12. 21. Slushers (porcelain enameling), J 28. Rubber workers, A 2, D 1, 2, J 7, 8, 9, Smelters. See particular metal. 11, 12. 21. 25, 26. 28. 39, 46, 52. See Smokeless-powder maken, J 5, 12, 15, aUo particular occupation. 34, 39, 44. Smoothers (glass), C, D 1. Sagger makers. C, D 1, J 28. Soap maken. -- 2. C. F 3. J 3. 30. 34. Sailors, A 2, H. Soda maken. C. J 4, 14, 16, 87. 47.' Salt extracton (Coke-oven by-prod Sodium-hydroxide maken, C. ucts), J 4, 48. Sodium-sulphide makers, J 47. Salt preparers, A 2. C, D L Softeners (tannery), D 2. Sand blasters. D 1. Solderers. J 26, 28. Sand cutters, D L Sole stltchen (Blake machine), J 29. Sanders, D 1. Spinners (asbestos), D 1. Sandlng-machlne operators. D 1. Spinners (textiles), D 2, H. Sandpaperen (enameling and painting Spongen, C. auto bodies, etc.), D 1, I 28. Spnyen, C. Saw filers, D 1. Sprayers (trees), J 9, 28. Saw-mill workers, D 2, P 2. Spreaders (rubber works), A 2. Sawyen, H. Stablemen, F L Scissors sbarpenen, H. Stalnen (shoes), J 28. Scourers, wood lasts (shoes), D 2. Stamp-mill worken, C, D 1. Scrapers (foundry), D L Starch makers. D 2, J 14, 47. Screen tenders (pulp mill), C. Starters (felt hats), C, J 29. Screen workers (lead and zinc smelt Statuary workers, D 1. ing), D 1, J 28. Steam fitters. See pipe fitters. Sealers (incandescent lamps), J '6. Stearfc-acld maken, A 2, J 8. Sealing-wax makers, J 9, 52. Steel engraven. G, J 28, 29, 37. See Seamstresses, H. alto Engraven. Sewer workers, C, J 4, 14, 47. Stereotypers, A 2, J 8, 28. Sewing-machine operators, H. Stiffeners (felt hats), J 29, 30. Shale-oil workers. See Petroleum Still (coal-tar) cleanen, A 1, J 12, 49. refiners. StUlmen (carbolic acid), A 1, J 38. Shaven (felt hats, fur, tannery), C, Stlllmen, oiierotlng, A 1. D 2, F 1, 3.' Stltchen (shoes), J SOt Shaving-brush makers, D2, FI Stoken, A 1, E, J 16. Sheep-dip makers. J 9. Stonecutten (dry). D 1, H. Sheet-metal worken, J 28. Stonecutters (wet process), C. D 1, H. Shellackers. See Shellac maker* Storage-battery makers, J 28, 29, 46. Shellac maken, J 4. 5, 11, 12, 28, 80, 52. Shell fillen, J 86,44. 51. Shepherds, 7 L 48. Straw-hat maken, A 2. D 2. Submarine (storage-battery) worken, J 10. Shoddy workers, D 2, 7 8, J 10, 26, 48. Sugar refiners, A 2, C, D 1, J 4, 14, Shoe-factory operatives, D 2, J 5, 12, 46. 47. 30. See also particular occupation. 8ulphite cooks (pulp mill), A 2, C. Shoe finlshen, A 2, J 4, 5, 6,11, 12,25, J 46. 30. sitoemaken. See Cobblen. Shot makers, J 8. 9. 28. Sulphur bumen, A 1. D l, J 9, 46. Sulphur-chloride makers, J 18. 26. Sulphuren (hops and malt), J 46. Shove-in boys (glass), A 1. Sifters. D 1, 2. Silicate extracton. J 27. Silk workers, D 2, F 3. Silo workers, J 14. Sllverers (mirrors). See Mirror sil- Sulphur extractors. J 15. Sulphuric-acid worken, J 9,10, 28. 37, 46, 48. Sumacken (tannery). C. F 1. Surgical-dreasing maken. J 39. veren. Sliver melters, A 2, J 16. Table hands ftnnner.v). C. F 1. Table operators (iron and steel), A 1. 10 orrrpatiox hazards and diagnostic signs, Table turner* (enameling), A 2. D 1. J 28. Tailor*. H. Tnkers-down (glass), A 1. Tallow refiner*. F 8, J 3, ]", 4S. Tank luen, C. Tnnner.v worker*. C. F 1. 3. .T 7. 8. 11, 17, 21. 22, 28. 40. 47. 48. Tatars (airplanes) J SO. Tapper* (smelting), A 1. Tnr workers. .1 40. Taxidermist*. I> 2. F 1. .T 8. 28. Teazers (glass). A 1. J 10. Telegraphers. H. Telephone linemen (trench work), C. Temperers. A I. J 16, 22. 28, 38. 48. Textile-comb maker*. D 1. Texrile printers, sec Calico printer*. Textile workers, A 2. O. I> 2. See alto particular occupation. Thermometer makers. J 28. Thread glazcrx, A 2. C. Tile makers. A 2, CPU 28. Tin-foil makers, a 1. J 28. Tinners. A 1. C. .T 3. 4. 9. 10, 26. 28. Tin-plate mill workers. Sec Iron and steel workers. Tire builders. See Rubber-tire makers. Tolmceo molstener*. C. Tobacco roller*. D 2. Tobacco, workers. D 2. Tongsmen (iron and steel), A 1. Tool makers, D 1. Top fillers (foundry), A 1. D 1. Towermen <sulphuric acid), J 10, 37. 46. 48. Toy makers. J 5, 9. 28. Transfer workers (pottery), .7 28. 52. Transporter* of hides and wool, F 1. Treaders (rubber), .T 12. Tree sprayers. Sec Sprayers (trees). Trench digger*. F 2. Tubemakers (glass). A 1. Tabulators (incandescent lamp*), J 16. Tumbling barrel workers. D 1. Tunnel workers. B. F 2. (1. Tuniers-out (glass). A 1. Turpentine extractors. C. .T 52. Type olenner*. J 11, 80. Type founders. J 28. Typesetters, J 28. Typists, E. Upholsterers, D 2, J 80. Vapor curer*. Sec Vulcanizers. Varnish hollers, J 3. Varnish makers. A 2, .T 1. 3, 4. 11, 12, 80, 52. Vntmen, C. Velvet makers. C. .T 9. Veterinarians. F J. 3. Vlgnetters. J 26. Vinegar workers, J 1. Vinters. ,T 14. Vulcanizers. A 2. C, .T 7, 8, 11. 12. i.">, 21. 30, 45. Vulcanizers (steam) A 2, C Wallpaper printers. A 2. C. .T ft. 21. 2s:. Warming-house employees (guncot ton). A 2. Washers, C. Washers (rubber). C. Washwomen. C, H. Watchmakers. G. H. Water gilders. .7 29. Waterproof-cloth maker*, J 25. Weavers, D 2, H. Weighers, D 1, 2. Welders. A 1, E. J 13. 28. White-lead workers. J 14, 2S. Wire drawers, J 9. 48. Wlrers (Incandescent lamps), .T 5. Wood-alcohol dlstlllerB. J SO. Wood-last scourers (shoes), D 2. Wood preservers. J 8. 39, 49. Wood stainers. J 21, 28. Woodworkers. D 2. J 25, 30. Wool carder*. DS. FI. Wool scourers, a 2. C. Wool spinners, D2.F1. Wool workers. D 2. F 1. Sec o(*o par ticular occupation. Wringers (guncotton), J 37. X-ray workers, E. Yeast makers, J 14. Zfnc-ohlorirte makers, J 10. 18, 26. Zinc-electrode makers. J 29. Zinc miner*. .1 9. See al*o Miners Zinc smelter*, A 3. J 18,18, 28. 46. Section II.--LIST OF HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, OCCUPATIONS EXPOSED, AND PREVENTION. - A ABirOSJCALITrES 07 TZKPSKATTTBE. The primaiy physiological effect of abnormal temperatures is the disturbance or tne heat-regulating system of the body. Heat dilates the blood vessels on the surface of the body, increasing the supply of blood in this region. Cold, on the other hand, constricts the blood vessels, causing a diminished blood supply on the body surface. Continuous abrupt changes from one extreme of temperature to another may cause serious congestion of the internal organs, the heat-regulating system of the body not being capable of adapting itself to sudden variations. It is in this way that a cold draft, which causes a sudden variation of the temperature, may produce neu ralgia, paralysis, and respiratory diseases. Extremes of tempera ture may produce pathological changes by direct action, Thu3, ex treme dry heat will cause conjunctivitis, cataract, and the familiar sunburn. Extreme cold may cause frostbite and eczema. With the above data in mind, abnormalities of temperature have been clas sified under only two headings; namely, " sudden variations of tem- ft jerature" and "Extreme dry heat." Extreme cold has not been isted as a distinct hazard, because a temperature so low as to cause the direct effects mentioned above is rarely met in industry. It is evident that the occupations listed in the division "Extreme dry heat " are exposed, not only to the danger of the direct action of the high temperatures but also to the hazard " Sudden variations of temperature." The prevention of disease due to exposure to extremes of tem perature consists, obviously, in the avoidance of sudden variations of temperature. Drafts are particularly hazardous, and may be practically eliminated by the use of vestibule and storm doors. Workers in cold processes should keep active and avoid chilL The hot-process worker should allow his body to cool off gradually after completion of the day's work. He should carefully regulate his diet, drinking plenty of water and avoiding meats. As direct pre ventive measures for the effects of extreme heat, it is advisable to make use' of shields, helmets, goggles, water-cooled furnace doors, exhaust systems, cola air, fans, etc. 88062*--22------- 8 11 12 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. A. Abnormalities of Temperature. Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or dllease to look for. Occupations which offer such exposure. 1. Extram* dry heat. Anemia, general debil Ammonium salts makers: annealers: antimony extractors ity, catarrh, stiff (refiners;; arsenic roasters; bar-mill workers (iron and Joints, cramps, lum steel;: brutoi-stUlmcn: Bessemer-converter workers (iron bago, Bright's dis and steel;: beu-stilloperators(beta nsphthoij; billet-mill ease, skin eruptions, workers (iron and steel); bisque-kiln workers; black premature old acc, smiths; blast-furnace workers: bloomins-mill workers cataracts, retinitis, (iron and steel); blowers-ont (sine smelting): bluets (re conjunctivitis. volvers;: boiler-room workers: brass founders: bratiers: brick burners; brick makers; burners (enameling;; tap pers (window gloss): carbide makers: carborundum makers: cam hardeners: casters (iron and stoel); catchers (iron aud steel): cement workers; chargers (smelting): chargers (sine smelting): coke-oven workers: color makers; copper smelters; core makers: craneman (glass I udustrv); cranemen (iron and steel); crucible-steel-department employees; cupola men (foundries): cyanamid makers; dressers (glass); drop forget;; enamelers: fUt- tliners (gloss); floor molders (foundry); forgemeu; foundry workers; furnace workers; gatherers (glass); glass blowers; glass-furnace workers; graphite work ers; hardeners (metals): hut-rod rollers (Iron and steel); Iron aud steel workers (all departments); junk (metal) refiners; kiln tenders; layer pullers (glass); leadlotl makers; lead smelters; leer tenders (gie--); levcrmcn (iron end steeDdilters-over (glass; ;luters uincsmelUng): marblers (glass): metiers (foundry: glass); mertury smelters; muffle tenders; open-hcarth-deportment work ers (iron and steel); pair beaterst tin plate;; pavers; petro leum refiners; pit molders (ioundrv); pot tillers (glass): potlllters(Ironandsteel j; pot pullers (fou ndry): pot-room workers (aluminum foundry; carbide plaut); rotsetters: pottery workers; pourers (foundry); puddlers (iron and steel); pyrites burners; refiners (metals); rollers (metaliliroUsatters (ironauditeeiuroll wrenchers (iron andsteel);roughers(ironandstecl);shove-ln boys (gloss); skimmers (glass); slag-machine tenders (Iron and steel); still (coel-tar) cleaners; sullmen ic*rbobcacld);stilimeu operating; stokers; sulphur burners; table operators (Iron and steel); takers-down (glass); tappers (smelting): testers (glass): temperers; tln-ioil makers; tinners; tougs- men (Iron and steel): topfillers (foundry); tuba makers (glass); turners-out (glass); welders; zinc smelters. 2. Sudden variations Congestion oflntemal Artificial-ice makers; bakers; bleachers: brewers; butchers: of taaparmture. organs, catarrh, nau- caisson workers; calendsrers (rubber); calico printers: ralpc and rheuiiut- candy makers; causers; csrtridge shot shell paraffin dip ic affections, gastro pers; charcoal workers (sugar refining); clay and bisque intestinal and Veni makers (pottery'): cold-storage-plant workers; cooks; ce! catarrh, pneu digester-house workers (psper ana pulp); dresser tenders monia, Bright's dis (textile); drivers; dry cleaners; dryers tint hats); drying- ease. room workers (miscellaneous): dye makers; dyers; electro- tvpers; extractor operators (soap); (at renderers; felt-hat makers; fishermen; fiangers(feltnsts); gas(illuminaiuig) workers; glost-klln workers; glue workers;hothouse work ers; ice cream makers; iraners, jspsn makers; testers (shoes); laundry workers; linoleum makers: lumbermen: miners; minor silverers; mixers (rubber); motormen; packing-house employees; paper makers; patent-leethor makers, phasphate-mill workers;phosphorus-evaporating machine operators; press-room workers (rubber); refng- erating-plant workers; roofers; rubber workers: sailors; salt preparers; oboe finishers; silver matters; soap makers: spreaders (rubber works); stearic-acid makers: stereo typers: strsw-hat makers; sugar refiners; sulphite cooks (pulp mill); table turners (enameling); textile workers: thread glazers: tils makers; varnish makers; vulcanizers: wallpaper printers: wormlng-house employees (guncot ton); wool scourers. Set afro occupations exposed to extreme dry heat. B. COXTKESSEB AXE. In building tunnels, laying deep foundations for large buildings, etc., it is necessary for the work to be carried on uijder increased air pressure in order to prevent the entrance of- water into the excava tions. The laborer is lowered gradually and at short intervals the LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION. 13 pressure of the air in the compartment is increased. The first sen sation of compression is felt on the eardrums, which may be relieved by the act of swallowing. If the air is too quickly compressed hemorrhage may occur. The greater part of the danger of working in compressed air lies in hasty decompression. While under com pression the blood and tissue juices dissolve an increased amount of air, the gases of which are released when the pressure is suddenly decreased. The bubbles thus formed cut off the blood supply from various parts of the body by blocking up the capillaries. The symp toms of compressed air illness, the so-called " bends." are the result. Workers in compressed air must follow strictly the rules governing gradual compression and decompression, especially the latter. It is not advisable for boys and for men over 40 years of age to work under high pressure. X. Compressed Air. Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look for. Occup&tfons which offer such exposure. Compressed sir........ Wseiaskonef slesg, vseartniafoa, prmsisn,spinatihnefubl accoknasntrdiclteiotsn, paraly of the Caisson workers; direr*; tunnel workers. chest, cerebral heraorrhsgeendaphasia, coma, sub cutaneous hemorrhages, impairment ofhearing. C. BAXFSZSS. The moisture content of the air is very important for the proper f adjustment of the physiologic processes of the body. Damp air will prevent the evaporation of moisture from the body and will there fore affect the body temperature. High humidity tends to increase the effects of high temperature. Moist cold air has the effect of un dermining the general vitality of the organism, weakening its re sistance to diseases of the respiratory passages, and to neuralgic and rheumatic affections. The same effects are noticed among workers around open tanks and vats, who are continuously workingin wet clothes. Excessive dampness suggests dry air as a hazard. The lat ter causes chapped skin and catarrhal conditions. It has not been listed among the hazards because it is not characteristic of any one occupation but is prevalent generally, especially during thtf winter months. When dampness is a feature of an industrial process the following precautions should be taken to avoid ill effects: (1) Provision of exhaust systems wherever steam is generated. (2) Provision of floors with drain channels to prevent the accu mulation of water. (3) Provision of adequate waterproof clothing, such as rubber boots, rubberized aprons, etc. Wherever there is dampness special measures should be taken to keep the humidity at its proper percentage. In this connection the wet-bulb thermometer is invaluable in determining the degree of moisture in the air. By circulating the air the effects of high humid ity may be mitigated. 14 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. C. Dimpiui. Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look lor. Oeeupotioni which oiler such exposure. Dampness.. Diseases olthe respira tory passages, neu ralgic ana rheumatte affections. Add dippers: alkali-e*lt makers; irtlflclal-lce makers; srtittficUl-sllk makers: auto painters; baters 1 tannery); beamhouse workers (tanners); beetermen (paper and pulp): bleachers; bleschery dryers: blockers (felt hats); ecuor washers; brewers; brickmafcers; cable splicers; caisson workers; calico printers: candy makers;eanners;cartrldgecup washers; cartridge felt and wadmakers; cartrtdgeshot shell paraffin dippers; charcoal workers (sugar refining); clayand bisque makers (pottery); clay-plug makers (pot tery); cloth preparers; ooncantretbig-miU workers need and line); cotton-mill workers; craosotlng-plant workers; digester-noose workers(paper and pulp); doffers (textile); dxeeser tenders (textile); drivers; dye makers; dyers; electroplaters: enamelers; explosives workers; extractor operators (soap); telt extractors: lelt-hat makers; fertilizer makers; filter-press workers; fishermen; flax (piasters: flush tenders (aluminum); galvan tiers; glass cutters; glass finishers: glass dippers (pottery); dove makers anther preparers); glua workers; grinders (metals): gun cotton washers; hair workers; ice-crsam makers: tasters (shoes);laundry workers;lime pullers (tanntry);Unoleum makers; masons; match-factory workers; miners; minor sllverers; nickel platen; packing-house employees; paint makers; paper makers: petroleum refiners; phosphate- miUworken;phosphoru-evsporatinf-machineopera.ori; ' picklen; plasterers; pottery workers; preparers (tannery): pressmen (oUreflnlng); pullers-out (felt hate); pulp-mill employees: rafrigeraung-plant workers: roller ooverors (cotton mills); sagger makers; salt preparers; screen tend ers (pulp mill):sewer workers; shavers (felt hats, fur, tan nery); sizars (Mt hats); slip makers (pottery); smoothers (glass); soap makers; soda makers; sodium-hydroxide maken;spocigen;stamp-mill workers: starters(felt hate); stone cutters (wet process); sugar refiners; sulphite oooks (pulp mill); fumacken (tannery); teblehendsftannery), tank men; tannery workers; telephone linemen (trench work); tempenrs; textile workers: thread glatart; tile makers: tinners; tobacco moijteners; turpentineextract ors; vatman: velvet makers; vulcanizes* (steam); wall paper printers: washers; washers (rubber); wool ecourers. D. DUST. Dusts hare here been divided into two kinds,- according to their chemical composition, namely, organic and inorganic. The dif ference in symptoms listed under each is based on the findings of recent investigators that organic dusts do not cause pulmonary lesions. Dr. H. B. M. Landis1 has found that wherever fibrosis was present -in the lungs of men exposed to organic dust, the latter was always mixed with some form of mineral or metallic dust. Tobacco workers exposed to organic dust for years showed no pulmonary changes other than those found in people living in the city. Mineral and metallic dusts, however, produce fibrosis of the lung tissue, the extent of which depends on the time of exposure and the particular dust inhaled. Of the inorganic dusts, silica is the most harmful, producing serious pulmonary damage in a comparatively short pe riod of time, while the least harmful are those which produce slight changes and then only after long exposure, for example, lime. coal, etc. The relationship between occupational dust and tuberculosis is rather a doubtful one. Authorities disagree as to the effect of fibrosis on the resisting power to the tubercle bacillus. Dust, by acting as a carrier of tne bacilli, may increase their number in the 1 See article on "The Pathological and Clinical Manifestations following the Inhalation of Dust." in The Journal ol Industrie! Hygiene, July, 1919, pp. 117-130. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION. 15- lungs. In this way, men exposed to dust mav be in greater danger of contracting tuberculosis than others. Dr. H. R. M. Xiandis claims, however, that in the trades exposed to inorganic* dust, mistaken diagnosis of pneumoconiosis swells the mortality statistics for tuber culosis. As a means of avoiding incorrect diagnosis of pneumoco niosis, Roentgen ray examinations of the lungs and sputum analyses are invaluable. There are four effective methods that may be used to prevent the inhalation of dust generated during industrial processes. Xo one of these can apply to all conditions, but the particular method to be used must be adapted to the peculiarities of tne process. (1) The use of water to dampen the dust and thus prevent it from rising and filling the atmosphere. (2) The use of exhaust systems which remove the dust at the point of origin. (3) The use of enclosing chambers in which the dust-producing processes are confined, being regulated from the outside. (4) The use of respirators ana helmets. In many cases it may be necessary to combine several of these measures effectively to prevent the inhalation of dust by the worker. S. Doit. Health haunt. Symptom, condition, I or disuse to look (or. II Occupations which rffer such exposure. 1. Inorganic dust__ Courh, dyspnea. pleu ritic pains, hemopty sis, clubbed Angers, marked fletneet of chest, deficient ex- Sansion (unilateral), ullness, diminished resonance, mucous rales, fibrosis, in flammatory condi tion ot eyes, ears, nose and throat: colds,chronic catarrh or respiratory tract, chronic catarrh ot digestive tract, pleu risy, tuberculosis. Acetylene makers; asbestos workers: basic slag (artificial manure) workers: battery (dry) makers; bed rubbers imarble and stone); bench moiden (foundry); haveners; laque-klln workers: bone workers; brlekmakert; bronxers; buffers; burrers (needles); burr fliers; button makers; ealendarers (rubber); carbide makers; cerbon-bruxb makers; carborundum workers; card grinders (textiles): casting cleaners (foundry); cement workers; charcoal workers (sugar refining); chargers (smelting); .chargers (sine smelting): chasers (steel); chimney sweepers: chippen; day and bisque makers (pottery); clay-plug makers (pottery); color makers: compositors; compound ers (rubber); concentrating-mill workers (lead and sine); core makers; crucible misers; crusbarmen (clay and atone); cut-glaas workers; cutlery makers; cyanamia makers; diamond cutters: electrotypeTM; emery-wheel makers; engravers; fertilizer maken: file cutten: fliers; flint workers; floor moiden (foundry); flue cleaners; foundry workers; glass blowers; glass cutten; glass finishers; glass mixers: glaze mixen (pottery); gold beaters,gold refiners: graphite workers; grinders (metals): gypsum workers; born worken; Jewelers; Junk (metal) reflnen: lapidaries; lead smelten; lima burnen; Umekiln chargers: lime workers: linoleum makers; htbogrephen; marblecutten: mesons; match-factory workers; metal turners; mica strippen or splitters; mica workers; mlnen; mixen (rubber): mixing-room workers (mis cellaneous): mold breakers (foundry); paint removers; paperhangers; pbosphats-miJl worken; pit moiden (foundry); planer men (stone, metal); plasteran; plaster of Paris worken: pneumatte-tool worken; poUsben: pottery worken; pouncen (felt hats):prassmen (printen); Erinten; putty maken; putty polishers (glass); pyrites uraen; qusrrymen: rubber worken; sagger makers: salt preparen: send blasters; sand cutters; senders; sanding machine operators: sandpaperan (enameling and painting auto bodies, etc.); saw men: scnpen(foundry); screen worken (Iced end zinc smelting); slftws; stnteringplant worken; slate worken; slip makers (pottery): smoothers (gless); spinners (asbestos); stamp-mill worken; statusry workers: stone cutters (dry); stone cutten (wet process): sugar refinan: sulphur burners; table turners (enameling); textiJe-comb maken; tile maken; tool maken: top Oilers (foundry); tumbUarbarrel worken: welgben. > ' S? ' 16 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. 9. Sut--CanolsdaA. Health hmiard. Symptom, oondltlou, or disease to look tor. Occupations which offer such exposure. 2. Orfinlc dust. Drynessofnose, throat Bakers; beamers (textiles); blowers (telt hatsj; broom and mouth, cou|h, makers; brushers Kelt hats); brush makers; buffers; I anaphylaxis .asthlaa. bronchitis, emphy button makers: carbonisers (shoddy;: carders (textiles); card grinders (textiles >: carpet makers: oelluloid polishers; sema, tuberculosis. celluloid workers; cigar makers, cobblers: comb makers (celluloid i; coners (felt butsi: cork workers; cotton-mill workers: cotton twisters: curriers (tanner)'); devil oper ators (telt hats): dolters (textiles): feather carers; feather workers: felt-hatmakers: flberworkers: lmishors (leather); flax spinners: flour workers: formers (felt hats); fur carders: fur clippers: fur cutters; fur handlers; fur pre parers; fur pullers: (love makers (leather preparers); glue workers: rrain-devalor workers: (rinders (rubber); gun cotton pickers; hair workers; harness makers: heel makers (shoe); hemp worker.: lute workers: knitting-mill work ers: lace makers: lasturs (shoes): leather workers: linen workers; match-factory workers; mattress makers: mixers (felt hats); mixing-room workers (miscellaneous); pounc- ers (felt bats): rag workers; roller cowers (cotton mills); ropemakers; rubber workers; sawmill workers; scourers, wood lists (shoes); shavers (felt hats, furs, tannery); i shaving-brush makers; shodd v workers; shoe-factory oneraiivej: sifters; silk workers; softeners (tannery); spinners (textiles); starch makers: strew-hat makers; taxidermists: textile workers; tobacco rollers; tobaeco workers: upholsterers; weavers; weighers: wood-last scourers (shoes): wood worker., wool carders: wool spin ners; wool workers. II E. EXTREME LIGHT. Intense light is usually a product of a process associated frith heat. Among the different kinds of light included under this heading are the arc"light, furnace glare, glowing metal or glass, and X-ruy. Poor illumination as a hazard is treated under "It. Poor illumination/' Continuous exposure to strong light is not only irritating to the con junctiva, but may also cause a degeneration or the retina and decom position of the visual purple. Repeated electric flashes of brilliant light have caused severe ophthalmia, retinitis, and even blindness. (Hass blowers and steel puddlers, who have to look at a glowing molten mass, are apt to develop cataracts. It seems that the invisible ultra-violet rays and infra-red rays are responsible. The introduc tion of X-rays* into the medical field has brought to light the highly dangerous character of the radiographer's work. Severe dermatitis' and cancer may ensue after exposure to X-rays. The following protective devices prove effective in preventing the injurious action of extreme light: (1) Shields. (2) Helmets. (3) (toggles which eliminate the ultra-violet and infra-red rays. (4) Clothing which covers the skin completely. (*>) X-ray apparatus should be inclosed as completely as possible with lead plates. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC,, AND PREVENTION. E. Zxtrsms Light. 17 Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look for. Occupations which offer such exposure. Cataracts, retinitis, eon- Blacksmiths: electricians: electric linemen: furnace work J unctlritis. dermati ers; (lass blowers; glass-furnace workers; incandescenttis. ulceration and mantle hardeners; moTing-plcturs machine operators; exfoliation of the oxyacetylene cutters; photographers: puddlers (Iron sHn, electrical oph ana steel): stokers: welders; X-ray workers. thalmia, cancer. P. INFECTIONS. There are many infectious diseases, such as tetanus, trachoma, and syphilis, which are often of occupational origin. They are not, how ever. specifically occupational; that is, they do not arise from a con dition caused byjam industrial process. The conditions which cause these diseases in industry are identical with those which cause them >ut of industry. The above-mentioned diseases have not therefore been included m this list of occupational infections. Those diseases which have been included arise primarily in occupational exposure. There are a number of other diseases which occur in occupations, but these are of such little numerical importance that they also have not been included. Besides the general rules of sanitation, the following measures are recommended: (1) Anthrax.--All hides and animal hair must be thoroughly sterilized. Foreign skins or hair should not be carried on the un protected shoulder. The hands should be frequently washed with bichloride of mercurv. Hair sorters should wear respirators. (2) Hookworm.--Workers in mines and others who are exposed to infected soil should make special effort to keep the skin clean. Shoes must always be worn ana gloves are also of value in prevent ing the entrance of the hookworm through the skin. Infected soil should be disinfected and kept dry. The stools of infected individ uals must be disinfected immediately. (3) Septic infections.--Workers should avoid puncturing the skin. Cuts, scratches, or abrasions should be treated at once to avoid in fection. Men having open wounds should not be allowed to work with putrid material. 18 OCCUPATION HAZABDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. T. laftetlaat. Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or dis ease to look for. Occupations which oiler such exposure. l. Anthrax: External. 1. JfallfrumtputtuU.--Bogina Animalhandlars;baters(tannery);bearahousa work as inflamed pimple or boil. ers Hennery); brush makers: butchers; carpet Papule becomes hard, with makers: cattle salesmen; cobblers: curriers: farm a purple center snd deep red ers; fertilizer makers: fur carders; fur dippers; zoneofinfUtrationsurround fur cutters: fur handlers; fur preparers: fur pull ing, appearance of minute er*; hair(workers: leather workers; lime pullers asicular areola. Central papule bocomes vesicular, discharges thick, bloody (tannery): longshoremen: meat Inspectors: pre parers (tanneir): shavers (felt hats. rur. tannery); shaving brush makers: shepherds; stablemen: serum, later forming a brown sumaccers (tannery); table hards (tannerv):tan- gangrene. A painful lym nerv workers: tixidarmlsts: transporters of hides phangitis with hard adema end wool: veterinarians; wool carders; wool spin extending overneckand arm. ners; wool workers. Local phlebitis in tbe edema tous srea.chilliness. anorexia, vomiting, prostration, high temperature, feeble pulse. 3. idtma.--A spread ing inflammation of loose connective tissue acrompa- hied by sloughing end ran* grena. Constltutfonalsymp- toms those of pyemia. Internal. High rever. pains in head and back.vomltinc.constipatlon, pain and tenderness in the abdomen, rapid, feeble pulse, palpable spleen, dvspnea, cyanosis. May be hemor rhage from bowels. When lungs are involved, there are additional symptoms-cough. palnln the chest.suffocation, 3. Hookworm (anky- Anemia, pallor oftheface even Brick makers:construction camp workers; farmers; lostomtaslf). whan the blood count is not lumbermen; miners: qutrrymen; sawmill work very low: a dull, heavy, ers: trench diggers; tunnel workers: workers who listless expression, manner, come in contact with infected soil, aspedally speech, and gait: increasing prevalent Is gold mines of California. muscular weakness: occur rence of ptrasites In stool. Victims often complain of gastrointestinal pains and cramps:ln exeggerated eases thereereedema, ascites, pro gressive emaciation, protu berantabdomen, sndfnerees- ing stupor. 3. Septic infections.._ Skin Infections each as bolls, Animal handlers; butchers; cancers; feather work carbuncles, blood poisoning, ers: fertilizer makers: garbage workers; glue mak localized lymphangitis or ers; hair workers; preparers (tannery); rag work oaUuUUs. ers; shaven (felt hats, fur, tannery); shoddy mak ers; silk workers; soap makers: tallow teflnen; tannery workers; veterinarians; bandlen of putrid or decomposing mime) products. 0. TOOX nxmCNATION. The effects of poor illumination are not easily apparent. The hazard may be present in any plant, but is especially prevalent in a limited number of occupations because of the peculiar conditions that make it difficult properlv to illuminate the workroom. Miner's nystagmus is the outstanding example of the effects of this hazard. Poor illumination is not only the cause of the conditions listed below but is also an important factor in the causation of accidents. Artificial light is least harmful to the worker when it comes from overhead, reflected from the ceiling by inverted bowl-shaped re flectors. Light-colored walls and ceilings aid materially in properly illuminating a room. Special precaution must be taken to avoid glare. All lights should be shaded so that only diffused light reaches the eve. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION. a. Tear XUamlnatlaa. 19 Health hasard. Symptom^lookmn " di"*5' 1 'miputlmi* hi. h e.ffer such exposure. Poor illumination... Nystagmus, eyestrain. dell- litiflers: burnishers (iron and steel): caisson work- eieot vision due to utifana- I era; compositors; embroidery workers: jewelers- t ism or hyperopia, headache. metal polishers; miners; pliotocraphers: steel enl ciddiress. Kyestrain ecu- gravers: tunnel workers; watchmakers; auv lBe- tributes tc neuraslhcuie. tory workrr. H. REPEATED MOTION, PRESSURE, SHOCK. ETC. Under this heading are included tlio-e muscle-strain conditions which are causer l by the continuous repetition of movements, pres sure. or blows. This section is not concerned with the neurasthenic phenomena which are sometimes called occupational neurosis. Everyone is familiar with the muscular strain experienced in per forming for the first time some exercise, such as rowing, long walk ing. etc. Men newlv introduced into a process requiring such re peated uction ure affected similarly hut often much more severely, so as to disable them temporarily for the particular job. The in jury does not stop with muscular strain but may even cause in flammation of the surrounding sheaths or paralysis of the parts concerned. Many types of occupational neurosis mav lie avoided by working at a comfortable pace, avoiding fatigue. Where continuous pressure or shock is the cause, pads or cushions are often beneficial. Workers who have to grasp tools tightly would do well frequently to change their method of holding the instrument, if this is possible. Occa sional rest periods will do much towards the prevention of muscular pains and cramps. K. Sapasted Motion, Pressor*, (hock, Ztc. w-.it*. >,.,.^1 1 Svmptara, rendition, Heltn b*rard. 1 0r dieas to look for. Occupations which offer such exposure. Repeated motion, pressure, shock, rtc. Pain o{ muscle used, set up by s myoetllis, bursitis, synovi tis, or othtr local changes of a chronic Inflammatory na ture: trembUnp, gradual emaciation and partial paralysis of parti, uernpartsthesis. AnlflcUl-ftowcr makers; barbers: bicyclists: blacksmiths; carpenters; chauffeurs; clerks; eobbUtt; composiu is: cot* ton twisters; dancers; diamond cutters; elevator tuum is: cnamelcrs;engravers;gold beaters;hammermen;Jew tiers; knitters: lathe turners; letter setters: luhctnpheis.lock smiths; machinists; masons; mierctccpisli: milkers: min ers; musicians; painters: paper box makers; pavers; pneumatic tool workers,poriets; ptessers: riv etui. sailcti; lawyers: scissors sharpeners; seamstresses: aewinc ma chine operators: spinners (textiles): stone cutters (dry); stone cutters (wet process): tailors; telegraphers; typists: washwomen; watchmakers; wearers. J. POISONS. The continued introduction of new processes making use of new poisonous substances in industry makes this section of more and more imixirtnnee. The enormous increase in the production of dye stuffs and other chemicals will no doubt show its effects on the workmen in the form of industrial poisoning. During the war the increased production of trinitrotoluol and tetrachlorethane for air 20 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. plane dope resulted in a large number of cases of poisoning from these substances. For the data presented under this heading, the revised "List of industrial poisons." compiled by Sommerfeld and Fischer for the International Association for Labor Legislation, has been drawn upon largely. The arrangement is similar.* The mate rial in that list has been revised and brought up to date. Severul poisons have been added and all the occupations exposed are given for each poison. The symptoms are those given bv recent investi gators. In order to avoid swelling the list of poisons to unwar ranted proportions, substances the effects of which are similar have been grouped. Thus, all nitro compounds of benzol and its homologues have been included under one heading and the same pro cedure has been followed with amido compounds. An endeavor has been made to limit this list to those substances the actions of which are mainly constitutional. The next section (p. 29) is devoted to the substances occurring in industry which act as skin irritants. Because of the very large number of substances in the latter class, it has not been possible to treat them as fully as the other poisons. To prevent industrial poisoning the following precautions should be taken: Personal cleanliness must be maintained. Workers must be instructed as to the toxicity of the substance handled. Frequent medical examinations of workers must be made to detect early symp toms of disease. Men should not be allowed to eat in workrooms where poisonous substances are handled. Work clothes should be removed at end of day's work. Proper lavatory facilities should be provided. Work clothes should receive special attention. The use of gloves and boots are often necessary. Mechanical devices for confining the poisons are of prime importance. (See also preventive measures, under "Dust.") Fumes and gases should be taken care of by proper ventilation, the use of exhaust systems, fans, and blowers. Men who work in an atmosphere polluted by poisonous fumes and gases should always wear gas masKs properly suited for the obtaining conditions. I. Bolaena. Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look for. Occupations which trior such exposure. 1. Aoetaldehyda.... 1. Acridine............... 1. Acrolein............... Irritation of the mueons membrute of the nose, larynx, bronchi, and cyan aooaUfmtltm of the heart's action; pro fuse nlfht sweats. IlAUtlOO and mat!on of skin and mucous membranes, serers burnin* and itchins of tho akin, rlolent sneoslnc- Itchins in tho throat, irritation ofthaeya, axdtlnt lachrymstion, eonjunctmtu, Irritation of tho air pastares, bronchial catarrh. Aldehyde pomp men; etSulcid makers: dye makers; piastres workers; minor sOtwbs; Tarnish makns; rtaafar workan. Dyemaksca. Bone Tenderers: 1st rendsren; nlraalsan; lard makers: linoleum makws; llmeod ofl boCen: soap makers; steartc-edd makers: tallow re&nen; ttnnen; varnish boiled. 1 8e L'njted 8tart* Bureeu of Labor, Bulletin No. 100, My, 1812. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION, J. Poisons--Continued. 21 Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look (or. Occupations which offer such exposure. ^ Ammonia. Acute Inflammation o( Ibe respiratory otStns, couth, edema o( the loop, chronic bronchial catarrh, redness of the eyes, increased secretion of saliva, retention ol the urine. Acetylene maksr. ammonium-salts makers; artlflclal-lce makers; artificial-silk makers: boneblaek makers; bronters; coke-oven workers: dye makers; dyers; galvaniters: gas (illuniinetin*) workers; gas purifiers; clue workers; mercerized: retrtgeratinf-plant workers; salt extractors (ooke-oven by-products); sawar workers; shellac makers; shoe finishers; soda makers; sugar refiners; tinners; var nish makers. S. Amyl eettatc. Nervous symptoms, headache, fuiinesj o/ the head, giddiness, numbness, nausea, disturbances of di gestion, palpitation of the heart, inflam mation of the respi ratory organs, fttty Alcohol-distillery workers; art-glass workers; erUfidsl-silk makers; battery (dry) makers; btoosrrs; buffers (rubber); oeiluloid makers; cutlery makers: eoamelers; explosives workers; furniture polishers-, gilders; incandescent-lamp makers; Jewelers; lacquer makers; linoleum makers; mottled (leather); patent-leather makers; pollihen; shel lac makers; shoe factory workers; shoe finishers; smokelese-powder makers; toy makers; wlrers (intandeeoeat lamps). degeneration of the liver. 8. Amyl alcohol. Congestion of the Alcohol distillery workers; dye makers; fruit-assenca heed, oppression of makers; mordanters; shoe finishers. the chest, irritation of tbt air passages, lowering of the blood prsuure, faint ness, nausea. 7. Aniline and other ami- ' eorapo> .1 of ben zol and Its hoaologues. Pallor oftheskin, ver tigo, unsteady gait, loss of appeals, in creased frequency of respiration, anemia, slowing o(the pulse, cumitous mi>etlpoanesm, nbrltoleomdyiwucrninlaer, Aniline makers; artificial-leather makers; calico printers; coal-tar workers; compositors; compounders (rubber); dye makers; explosive workers; feather workers; litho graphers; millinery workers; mixers (rubber); painters; paint makers; pencil (ooiored) makers; photographic workers: pressroom worker* (rubber); printers; reclaim ers (rubber); rubber workers; tannery workers; vulcan ises*. pains, cysnoeis. f. Antimonyand iti compounds. 9, Arsenic and it* compounds. Itching eruptions o( thassdn: Inflanunatloa of the mouth, throat, and stomach; albumin in the urine, weakness of the heart, vertigo, faintness, coryta, dyspepsia, intesti nal colic, nephritis. Headache, tnelancho11a, sleeplessness, gastric disturbances, insolation, catarrh of tha mucous mem branes, skin dis eases of various forms, falling out of the hair and nails, melanosis, perfora tions of the nasal septum, bleeding gums, peripheral multiple neuritis, paralysis. Antimonyextractors (refiners); branfounders; burnishers (Iron and steel); burnisher* (rifle bamli); oalieoprintera; ooior makers; oompesiton; oompoundars (rubber); dye makers; enamel makers; filers; fireworks makers; glass fixers; glaze dippers (pottery); glaze mixers (pottery); grinders (metals); grinders (rubber); ltad smelters; linotypers: mixers (rubber); monotypers; mordanters; pressroom workers (rubber); printers; rubber workers; shot makers; stereotyped; vulcanised. Arsenic roasters: artlficUt-flowtrmakers; arttfldal-leathar makers: bookbinders; brass founders; broniers; calico printers; candle (colored) makers; carpet makers; carroters (fait bats); chargers (zinc smelters); color makers; colored-paper workers; compounders (rubber); copper founders; oopper smelters; curriers (tannery): eut-guua workars; decorators rpottery); dye makers; electro platen; enamelers; feather curan; feather workers; felt-hat makers; famallloon workars; fur handlers; fur preparers; galvanised: gardened; glass mixart; glaze dlpparsfpottery); glaze mixed (pottery); gold refiners; insecticide makers; Japan makers: Jawaiad; lead smelt ed; linoleum colored; lithographers; mixers (rubber); Mordanters: paper glazed; peperhengen; pencil (col ored) makers, pitch worked; pottery workers; press room workers (rubber): printers; pyrites burners; refined (metals); rubber-tlr* buildtd: rubber washed; rubber worked; sealing-wax makers: sheep-ilp makers: shot makers; i prayers (traee); sulphur burners: sulphuric- arid worked; tannery workers; taxidermists; tinned; toy makers: velvet soaked; wallpaper printers; wax- 10. Arienluiatedhy- General malaise, diffl- drogen. i culty of breathing, ; fainting fits, gastrfc I disturbance, Jaun dice, bluish discolor ation of the mucous j membrane, pain in the region of the spleen and kidney, omrisnaemda. nt makers; wiredrawan; wood preserved; sine Arid dipped; aniline workers; balloon (toy; filled'; bet`"T (<"7), Mated; bronzed; carbonized (shoddy) dimethyl-sulphate makan: dya makers; enaaeiedcicrolihcon workers: fertilizer maxed; galvanized; lead burn ers; lima burners; nitroglycerin maxed; plckiers; refiners (metals); shoddy workers; submarine (storage battery workers); sulphuric acid workers; tinners; tewennen (sulphuric acid): unc chloride makers- darkened urine, fe tor of the mouth re sembling garlic. 22 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. J. rollout--Continued. Health hazard. ! Symptom, condition, or disuse to look (or. Occupations which nf * <uch exposure. 11. Benzine 12. Benzol 13. Brass (zinc) Headache, vertigo. nausea, cough, ir regular respiration. weaknee* of tbe bean, drowsiness, cyanosis, twitching or the muscles, psy chosis, skin lesions. i Art-glass workers; bronzers: buffers (rubberi; cast scrub bers (electroplaters); celluloid makers: rememers irnhber shoes); cement mixers (rubberi; campaeitors; com pounders (rubber); curriers (tannery): decorators '(lot tery); degreasers (iertillzer, leatheri; dippers (rubberi: dry cleaners: clectroplaters: enameiers: feather workers: furniture polishers: gilders; glue workers: japan makers; lacquer makers; linoleum makers: lithographers: milli nery workers; mixers (rubber); mordanters: pointers: paint makers: pressroom workers >rubberi; printers, putty makers; robber-glove makers: rubber-tire builders: rubber washers; rubber workers; shellac makers: shoe finishers: tannery workers; type cleaners; varnish makers: vulcsnixers. Headache, vertigo, an Aniline makers; artificial-leather makers: battery (dry) emia, muscular tre makers; benzol sti Ilmen; bronters: carboho-ecid makers; mor, scarlet lips, cast scrubbers: oementers (robber shoes); cement mixers spots o(extravasated (rubber); coal-tar workers; coke-oven workers; color blood in the skin. I makers: compounders (rubber): decorators (potlerv); irritant cough, fatty I degreasers (fertilizer, leather): dry cleaners; driers (rub degeneration otliver, ber): dye makers; electroplaten; exploeives workers; kidneys, snd heart. ' feather workers: fertilizer makers; gas filluminating) workers; gilders; glue workers: iecquer makers: lithog raphers: millinery workers: mixers (rubbw): mordanters: palmers; paint makers; photo-engravers: photographic workers: pressroom workers (rubber): reclaimers (rub ber); rubber-tire builders: rubber washers: rubber work ers: shellec makers; shoe-factory workers; shoe ftnlsherz: i I smokeless-powdar makers: still (coal-tar) cleaners; tresders (rubber); varnish makers; micaniters. Headache, general Bench molders (foundry); blowers-out (tine smelting); malaise; throat Irri- brass founders; braziers; bronzers; chargers (tine smelting; - tetion,- cough, nau core makers: floor molders (foundry); galvanizers; junksea, vomiting, con metal refiners; luters (tine smelting): pouters (brass foun stipation .trembling, dry); welders; zinc smelters. muscular pains, arceistated respiration', proftuesweatlng, de posit of green tarter on tbeteeth,metallic taste in the month, anemia; prematura old act, respiratory and degenerative M. Carbon dioxide.". Anemia, cyanosis, ADtall-zatt makers; blacksmiths; boiler-room workers; headache, drowsi brass founders; brewers; brick burners: caisson workers: ness, vertigo, tin carbon-dioxide makers; charcoal burners: drying-room nitus, and general workers (miscellaneous): fertilizer makers: furnace work nervousness. ers: lime bomera: Hmkmn chargers: miners: pottery workers; sewer workers; silo workers: jodamaken:starcn makers: sugar refiners; sinters: white-lead makers: veast makers. 13. Carbon disul phide- Headache, pain in the extremities, trem bling, daatness, re- ' Auction of the re flexes, acceleration oftheheert'z action, nemee, digestive trouble, emaaatlon, disturbance of sense of vision, excitement end violent temper followed by depres sion, hyperstimulation of sexual in stinct, later its ab normal dacllna, chronic damanUa. Ammonium-salts makers: artlficial-dlk makers; asphalt testers; eerbcn-disulphlde makers; celluloid makers; c*menters (rubber shoes); cement mixers (rubber): dry cleaners: driers (rubber); ensmelers: glue workers: insec ticide makers: matcb-tectory workers: oil extractors; paint makers: paraffin workers: putty makers; reclaimers (rubber); smokeless-powder mtksrs; sulphunextractors: tallow refiners; vulcaniters. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION. I. Polloni--Continued. 23 Health hasard. orSseaS'roUwk^or' I Occupation! which ofleriuch exposure. IS. Carbon monox* Headache (usually Acetylene makers; bakers: blsque-klln workers; black ide. (rottal), dirtiness, smiths; blockers (felt hats); boiler-room workers; brass sense of fullness of founders: cable splicers; calico printers; oarbide makers: tha head, fatigue, celluloid makers; charcoal burners; chargers (tine smelt- nausea, (anaral i ng): chimney sweepers; coal-tar workers;coka-oven work weakness, polycy ers; copper smelters; core makers; drying-room workers themia. (miscellaneous); enamelers; felt-hat makers; filament makers (incandescent lamps); finishers (incandescent lamps); nangers (felt hats); flue cleaners; foundry work ers; furnace workers; garage workers; gas (Illumineting) workers: glast-IdJn workers; Incandescent-Urnp makers; kiln tenders; laundry workers; lead smelters; lime burn ers: Umeldln chargers; mercury smelters; miners: patent-leather makers; phosgene makers; pottery work ers; preuers: refiners (metals); sealers (Incandescent tamps); silver mclters: singers (doth); soda makara; stokers: teasers (glass); temperers; tabulators (Incan descent lamps); sue smelters. 17. Chloride of lime. Irritating cough, in Bleachers; chloride oflime makers; chloroform makers; dis flammation orupper infectant makers; dye makers; laundry workers; tannery air dasrasas. aiffl- workers. culty ofbreathing, bronchitis, asthma, sometime! hemop tysis, conjunctivi tis, lachrymatlon, hyparhidroais, burn- ingaruptlon on tha is. Chlorine. Pallid Maintenance, AUcall-salt makers; beatermen (paper and pulp); bleach emaciation, decayed ers: broom makers; calico printers; chinrtAm oflimc mak teeth, bronchial irri ers; chlorine makers; disinfectant makers; dye makers; tation and asthma, laundry workers; phosgene makers; photographic work gastricdisturbances, ers; sulphur-chloride makers; sine-chloride makers. irritationoitha skin, chloracaa. 19. Chlorodinitro- Stt Kitrobensol.......... benzol. 30. C hloronitroben- Srr .Vitrobento!........... xol. 21. Chromium com ritlike, phagedenic Artificial-flower makfrs; battery (dry) makers; bleachers' pounds. ulcers, very difficult calico printers; candle (colored) makers; chromium work to heal and vary ers; odor makers; compounders (rubber); dye makers; painful; perforation dyers; enaroalers: glass mixers; pate dippers (pottery); of the nasal septum data mixers (pottery); ink makers; linoleum coiorerj; at the cartilaginous lithographers; match-factory workers; mixers (rubber); portion,irritation of niordaaten; paperhangers; pencil (oolored) makers: the conjunctiva, photo-engravers: photographic workers, pressroom work small araas of in flammation In the 1 imp Inflammation ers (rubber); rubber-tire builders; rubber washers; rub ber workers; tannery workers; vulcanisers; waU-pcper printars; wax-ornament workers; wood Stainers. of Ilia kid naya, chronic gastritis, 22. Cyanogen com pounds. anemia. Headache, vertigo, un steadiness of gait, nausea, leas olappetita, disturbance of Add dippers; emmonium-seits makers; blacksmiths; blast furnace workers; browner* (gun banal*); calico printers; cam Hardeners; celluloid makers; dye makers; electroplaters: fulminate mixets; tumlgatcrs; css fflitimiemti,.*. gastric and Intesti workers: gas purifiers; gold refiners; photographic worEnal lunctlons, slow ers; picklers; silver refiners; tannery workers, tempenrs. ing of tha pulse, al buminuria. 23. Dimethyl phate. sul Strongly eomalva ef fect on the akin and Dimethyl-sulphate makers; dye makers; perfume makers. mucous membranes, hoarseness, lachry- matioa. conjuncti vitis, edema, photo phobia. Dlnitrobensol... Stt Nltrobensol........... GuoUw............. Stt Naphtha............... Hydrochloric' acid. Irritation of mucous membranes; con junctivitis: caryta; pharyngeal, laryn geal, and bronchial catarrh; dental ca rte*. Add dippers; add finishers (glaw); add mlxars; addrecov(wi; icid transporters; aucAll^ut sikini *.rnm/wiiiwi salts makers: aniline makan, bat^ry (dry) makers; calico printars: camphor makers; carboUoadd makers* carbomzers (shoddy); cartridge dippers; dye makers! dyers; enamel makers; fertiliser makers; fslTsnisen! Class finishers; glass mixers; glut workers, hydrochloric: add makers: Jewelers; petroleum refiners; picklers: pot tery workers, reclaimers (rubber); rubber workerr shoddy workers; solderen: sulphur-chloride maker*; tin^ ners: vignetr^rs. zmc<hlondc makers. 8KS 24 OCCUPATION. HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. J. PoIioqi--Continued. Health hasard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look for. Occupations which Oder such exposure. 2". Hydro fluoric add. Intanja irritation of JthuenceryiTeali,ds encodcoyscan- b--ronchial vcaatuarrrrsh with spasmodic couch; ulceration of the nostrils, turns, and oral mucous membrane; painful uloers of the cuticle, ; erosioft and forma tion ofTaslclas, sup- I Suratlon under the | '* Lead and its compound*. niar nails. Sallow, pale, yellowish hn* ofthaskin; ma- talllo taate, nausea, anorexia, constipa tion,leadUna, asthe nia, lassitude, head aches, arthralfias and nanrltis, weak- naas oftrip, tremors i offlnfersand tonfua; lead paralyses,aspa- 1 dally of muscles used mast; atrophy of optic narra. Antimony fluoride extractors; art-class workers; bleachers; edxyterarsc;toertsch. ers; fertiliser makers; (lass Saliherr; silicate ( UU aacae,-bIHanUaWry maters; xutplmrlo-acid---w- o.rMkewrsw; t;a^brlSesj,ot;suOldtroeTnrr*-- era (enamalint); tannery workers; tamparars; tile mtuarnk. ers; tta-foilmakers; tinners; toy makers; transfer work ewrasl(lppaoptteerryp)r;inttreere*;spwradydeerrss:; tywpQetfeo-ulenedderws;atryfipress; ewtteorosd; Harairy and its I rapounds. Ptyalism; swsilinr, j) pWdWHWdHfill t Mill I inUurt; sfnetmoltort. ArtUSdai-aower makers: battery (dry) makers; blowers biaadiac of tha turns: blue Una on tha1 (Alt haul; bronaen; brow-oar* (tun barrels); brushera (Alt hats); cap loaders; carmaradelt baa); oartridfe turns, rodent ulcers, mates: ohlcrln* makers (electrolytic); odor maken: pallor, mercurialtre mor, dltaatlra dis ooaerstAlt hata); dentists; datonetorcleaners- datanator flllars; detonator packers; derilouacatw - turbances, localised whits spou in tha mamas surrounded by pals blue or red- dsnsd area, tantral WMkfiMfl Of thl hand and didtalax esosors , fourbnath, oormalon of tha teeth, furunculosis, sleepleeinejsandde- pratslon or drowsi ness and apathy, loss of wany ana , Initlettrs. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION, 3. Poisons---Continued. 25 Hesltb haaard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look lor. Occupations which offer such exposure. jo. Methyl alcohol.. Headache, nausea, b- Aldehyde pumpmen: ert-flass workvi; artiflcial-flowv ; df.mlnal cramps, makvs; arttflcial-silk makvs; bookbinders; bronsers- ringing in the ears, brush makers; celiooprintvs. celinioid makvs: camentars mtiaeular prostra (rubber show); dlmethyisulphate makvs; dry cleaners; tion, Insomnia, de dryere(felt hats);dye makvs; explosives workers; feather lirium, difflcultr of workers;felt-hat makers; filament makvs (Incandescent hnwthinr iofuun* lamps): flttvs (show); tumiture polishers;gilders: hard motion o7thethroat eners (felt hats);Incandaaoent-lamp makvs; ink makers; and wiwini mem japan makers; lacquer makvs; laiters (shoes); linoleum brane of the air pas makara; millinery workers; mottlvs (leather); painters; sages,conjunctivitis, paint makers; patent-leather makers; perfume makan; serious affections of photo-engravers; photographers; polishers; sheila:makers; the retina and optic shoe-factory operatives; shoe flnishers: soap makvs ;stlff- nerve resulting in envs (felt nets); stitchers (shoes); type cleaners: upboi- bllndnees. lattv de- stvsrs: varnish makers; ruicenixen; wood-eioohoi dia- Eeneration of t ver. Ullvs; woodworkers. >1. Methyl bromide Vertigo, headache, Antlpyrin makers; dye makers. staring look, pallor ofthe skin, retarded pulse, constipation, excitability, trem bling. 32. Naphtha. Headache, vertigo, Bronivs; chaufleart; degreasvs (fertiliser, leethv): dyers; nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, palpita tion, insomnia, bye- tflri&e furniture polishvs; garage workvs, gtldvs; metal-polish makers; painters; petroleum refiners; polishers; rubber wwoorrkkeerrss.; shoe finishvs; waterproof-cloth makers; wood 33. Nltraulllaa....... St* Aniline. 34. Nltrobensoi and Icterteal skin which Aniline makers; dye makan; explosives workvs; perfume other nitro com mduflllr btoaam makers; smokelsse-powdv makers; soap makvs. pound! ot bentol cyanotic, oethemo- end Iti homo* gtobin formation, locate. {enaraldabUity.ane mia, presence of ha- mstqphorphyrln, al bumin, and some times free poison in theurine;skin erup tions, visualdlstorb- ancae.dyspnea, odor of bittar almonds in breath. 33. Nitroglycerin___ Serve headache, ver- Explodvw workers; nitroglycerin workers; shell Allan. tiro, nausea, paral- yafs of themuadaeof the heedandeyasas wen ae of the lower ertremltlae, cyano- sis, reddening of the countenance, burn ingin the throetand stomach, disturb aneae of digestion, 3d. Nltronephthelese. 37. Nitrousgases end nitric add. oaiie. retarded reaplration and heart action, obstinate uleen under nails end on the finger tips, eruptions on the plantor aspect ofthe feet andintvdigital speov, with extreme dryneasand formatioBof fissures. Su NllrobansoL Irritation of air passago,oough, labored respiration, inflam mation of the eyas, corrosion of the teeth, ameloB end ,perforation of nasal septum. Add dlppwi; add mixvs; add reeovtren; add trans port**; aniline maken; artlfidaUeathv makan: bleachvr, carrotera (felt hats); cartridge dippers; oeOuIdd makan; dimethyl-sulphate oaken; dippers (gun cotton); enaoelen; etchers; sxplosivw workers; felt-hat maken; fertUlnr oaken; fur prepares; gaivanisers; due workers; cuaootton dippers: guncotton wringeo; imitation pearl maken; Inesndeeeeat-laop makers; Jewelers: lithographers; miners; mordantan; nltntors; nitrio-edd workers; nitroglycerine workers; phot&engravan; plcklers; pierto-eetd makers; refiners (metals); soda makers; steel engravers: suiphurio-edd workers; towermen (sulphuricadd);wrlngen (guncotton). 26 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. 7. Tolions--Continued. Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or disease to loot (or. occupations which uffiTstich exposure. 3S. Petroleum inflammation of the Browncrs (gun barrels.1: feather workers: furniture polish skin, acne, suppura ers: lampblack makers: millinery workers: oil-flotation- ting ulcers: papil plant workers: oil-well workers: paraffin workers: petrol loma: numbnessand eum refiners; femperers. Irritation o( the Schneiderian mem brane. hcadadicend sensory disturb I ances'. affections ol the respiratory or gans. 39. Phenol Erosion of the skin, ec Bakelile makers; calico printer-: coal-tar workers; dye zema, Irritation of makers: dyers: etchers; gas filiuminauugj workers: gas respiratory organs, purifier-; lampblack makers: picric acid makers; rubber digestive disturb workers: smnkeles* powder makers: stUlmen (carbolic ances, symptoms of add): surgical-dressing makers: wood preservers. degeneration of the blood, emaciation, nephritis, gangrene, icterus. 4*'. Phenyl hydra- Vesiculareruptlons on Antipyrin maker*: dye makers. tine. i the skill with Itch ing and burning, diarrhea, loss of ap petite, granular de generation of the blood corpuscles, formation of me- themoglobin, a sense of general malaise. <1. Phosgene. Destruction oflung tis Dye makers: phosgene makers. sue. emphysemaand edema, myocardial Insufficiency due to the emohvsema, pleural thickening and adhesions, ehrnnlc bronchitis, I mild diffuse bron chiectasis. noctur nal dyspnea, poly cythemia. 42. Phosphonu....... Inflammation and Boneblack makers: brass founders; fertilizer makers: fire sclerosis ofthe bones works makers;lnaectiddeznakers: match-factory workers; and of the perios phosphate-mill workers; phosphar-bronse workers; phoe- teum, necrosis of the phnruvenrapoundj makers; phosphorus extractors. bones tif the law, swelling and ulcera tion of the gums and buocal membrane, looseningeud faffing out of the teeth. sup puration and des truction of jawbone with fistulous chan nels burrowing through the cheek, meningeal inflam mation, brittleness of bones, digestive dlstnr bances, I emaciation. 4.1. Fhospbtirened Oppressed feeling in Acetrlene makers; ferrotUilcon workers: phosphorus hydrogen. the chest, headache, tractors; phosphorus (red) makers. vertigo, tinnitus ou tturn. general debil ity. loss of appetite, great thirst. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION. 7. Patton*--Continued. 27 Health hatard. Symptom, condition. or disease to look for. Occupations which offer such eflpoaure. *0. Picric acid. Itching, Inflammation Dye makers; dyers; explosives workers; photographers; of the skin, vesicular picric acid makers; shell Allen, smokelasa-powdar mates. eruptions, yellow pigmentation of ep idermis and conjunc tiva. 'hflammatlon of Duccal mucous membrane, digestive disturbances, ver tigo. Jaundice, nasal catarrh, nephritis. <5. Sulphur chloride. Symptoms are due to Rubber-substitute makers; vulcanixers. the combined effects of chlorine, hydro chloric add and sul phur dioxide. Sul- fihur chloride when n contact with mais- tur* reacts with watar to form thee* products. M. Sulphur dioxide. Irritation of tb* mu Alkali-salt makers; blast-furnace workers; bleachan; brass cous membrane of founders; brick makers; broom makers; cerbelie add respiratory organs ana eyas, spasmodic makers: chambermen (sulphuric add); chargers (else smelting); copper smelters; dye makers; fertiliser makers: cough, bronchial flue cleaners; fruit preservers; fumigators; galvaniters: catarrh, digestive glue workers: lead smelters; mercury smelters; oil-flota disturbances, olood- tion-plant workers; petroleum refiners; pottery wortes; tioged mucous. pyrites burners:refiners (metals); rubber workers; storage battery makers; sugar refiners; sulphite cooks; sulphur burners; sulphurers (hops and malt); sftlphurie-acld workers; tannery workers; towermen (sulphuric add): 47. Sulphuretted bydrogen. Headache, debility, vertigo, nausea, dis turbances of diges tion, sallow com plexion and emadalion, slowing of the pulse, conjunctival catarrh, tendency zinc smelters. Alkali-salt makers; artlfldal-sllk makers; blastfurnace workers: broniers; cable splicers; celluloid mates; dye makers; fertiliser makers; flax-rettery workers; gas (Ulaminating) workers; gas purifiers; glue workers; matchfactory workers; miners; oil-flotatloo-plant workers; petroleum refiners:pyrites burners: sewer workers; soda makers: sodium sulphide makers; starch makers; sugar refiners; tannery workers. to the formation of 45. Sulphuric add... boils. Inflammation ofrespir atory organs, injury to teeth through softening of the den tine, chronic catarrh Acid dippers; add finishers (glass); add mixers; add re covered; add transporters; ammonium-salts tuskers' ammonium-sulphate makers; arttflrial-leather maker beta-still operators (beta napbthol); burnishers (Inn and steel): calico printers; carbolic add makers; carbonises (shoddy >; cartridge dippers; celluloid makers; chamber- men (sulphuric add); dimethyl-sujphat* makara; dve I makers; explosives workers: felt-haf makers; fertilise makers; galvanises: glass finishers; guncotton dippers; hydrochloric add makers; jewelers; Htmium mates: meraruers: nitrators; nitric-add makers; nitroglycerin# makers; all- flotation plant workers; patent-laathea makers; petroleum refiners; nboephonis-evaporstingme- chins operators; pickles; picric add makers; redaunen i (rubber); salt extractors (coke-oven byproducts); shoddy workers; stcrege-bottery mates: sulphuric-add wortes: 49. Tar. Tar Itch, diffuse acne, ectama or psoriasis, lossofappetite, nsu- - sea, diarrhea, head ache, numbness, ver- . tigo, albuminuria, edema, ischuria,con junctivitis, bronchi tis. Battery (dry) makers: briquet makers: brush *>**! chimney sweepers: coke-oven workers: cord makers: flue cleaners: its `illuminating) workers: insulators; oalnt makers; paraffin workers: pavers: petroleum rentiers; roofers; roofing-paper workers: still (ooaUar) elmzmr. tar workers: wood preservers. 28 OCCUPATION HAZAKDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. J. Talsans--Concluded. Svmptom. condition, Health heserd. or disuse to took (or. :A. Tetrechlarethemiscetylene tetra chloride). Abnormal sense o( fa tigue, profuse per spiration, general -`Iseontent and touchiness, laaouAt to concentrate, nocturia, slight pol yuria, dreaming, headache, vertigo, nervousness, insom nia, loss of appetite, constipation, diar- Jl. Trinitrotoluol... LOW |IBUit iikianw) | eructations of gas, I vomiting, leu of i weight, Jaundice, enlarged liver, bile in the urine, abdom inal tenderness, in crease of mononu cIlQeadrocfemllsa,naypipmewairt-. ture large mononu clears, elevation In the white count, slight anemia, slight Increase in number of platelets. Noseand throatirrita tion, obstinate cough, bluish color of the Ups and lobes of the ears, yellow ing of the whites of the eyes, expectora tion of yellow mu cous,-d--is--c--o-loertaUtiAonle--* Explosive workers: shell fillets 52. Turpentine. OH UV AU1, ouua - ness of breath, ane mia, palpitation of the heart, bile- stalned urine, rapid weak pulse. Irritation of the mu cous membrane of the eyes, note, and upper ar pissagee; cough, bronchial in flammation: saliva tion; giddiness, headache, irritation of the kidneys, odor I Art-glass workers; cable splicers; calico printers; camphor makers; cementers (rubber shoes); deoorators (pottery); dry cleaners; dye makers; enamelars; enamel makers; feather workers: furniture polishers; japan makers; lac quer makers; linoleum makers; lithographers; millinery workers; painters; paint makers; patent-leather makers: printers: rubber workers; sealing-wax makers; shellac makers; transfer workers (pottery); turpentineextractors; vcmish makers. of violets in urine, severe irritation oi and hardening of the epidermis. Section III.--SKIN IRRITANTS. Because of the iact that dermatoses form such a large proportion of all occupational diseases and are often disabling, the more impor tant occupations that are exposed to skin irritants have been listed separately. A complete enumeration of such occupations would be impossible. Almost any foreign substance can become a skin irritant if it is in continuous contact with the skin. Thus soap and water, which ordinarily do not irritate the skin, may cause severe dermatoses in washerwomen. The data presented below are a compilation of the literature on the subject, taken largely from Dr. R. Prosser White's compilation of " Occupational Affections of the Skin." Skin affections caused by different external irritants often show the same clinical picture. A number of occupational skin eruptions have no specific lesions or special pathology, which makes their dif ferential diagnosis very difficult. Most superficial industrial skin diseases show simply a difference in degree of catarrhal inflamma tion. depending on the intensity of the irritant. For these reasons the symptoms for each irritating substance have not been listed as lias been done for the other hazards. Occupational dermatoses are characterized by their grouping, situ ation. mode of appearance, spread, and evolution. They crop up in series, retaining their initial type throughout, unless they are secondarily infected. They are most often local, except when they are a differentiating sipi of the toxemias. The onset and develop ment are usually sudaen. The inflammation is sharply outlined. Exudation is excessive and-there is deep-seated edema. The erup tion usually predominates on the right side. There are many cases of dermatitis which are caused by physical agents, such as heat, cold, friction, etc. In this bulletin these condi tions are dealt with only as they are related to the hazards listed. Thus among the symptoms for " Extreme dry heat " and " Extreme light " we find skin eruptions. The following is the list of the more common occupations exposed to dermatoses with the irritating substances concerned: Occupations Zxposad to BpeeiSed Skis Irritant*. Oocupadnn exposed. i 1 Sidn irritants. JAcetylene makers...................................... Caldom cmrbld*. Acid vorken............................................. Add*. AUcnU-ult mker*..................................... Caustic alkali A rtlflcisl-flower makers............................ Caustic alkali, dyis. Bakelite makers.................... Barbers.................................. Battery (drr) maker*....... Beatermen (paper and pulpi Bleachers (cloth)................... Bloodtrs (tannery)................ Formaldehyde, phenol. Soap, hair tonics. Adas, dne chloride, ammonium salts, charcoal. Caustic alkali, dyes. Acids, btearhlnf powder, caustic alkali, hydrogen peroxid*, sodium silicate. Dyes. 29 30 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. Occupation* Exposed to Spectfled Skin Irritant*--Continued. Occupation exposed. Skin irritant.-. 4 Bobbin carriers........................................ 1 Nltrobentol. aluminum salts, formaldehyde, magnesium salts, i sodium fluosilicate. Bricklayers............................................... Lime. Bronrers................................................... Dyea. Broom makers......................................... Dyes, vegetable dust. Calico printers........................................... Candy makers........................................... Cap loaders................................................ Carbide makers......................................... Carbolic-add makers................................ Cardboard stickers.................................... Carroters (felt bats)................................... Cartridge dippers...................................... Celluloid makers....................................... Cementtrs (rubber shoes)......................... Cement workers........................................ DyesSugar. Mercury compounds. Calcium carbide. Caustic alkali, phenol. Sodium silicate. Adds, mercury compounds. Adds, soap. Dyes. Bentine, coal-tar products, naphtha, methyl alcohol. Lime. Cloth preparers.......................................... Adds, caustic alkali, Ume, soap, potassium salts, sodium salts, sodium silicate. Confectioners............................................. Cotton sixers.............................................. Acfda sine, chloride, arsenic salts, phenol. Curriers (tanner}-)..................................... Paraffin, benxine. Dampers (conditioning cotton)............... Vitrobenzol, aluminum salts, formaldehyde, magnesium salts, sodium fluosilicate. Dentists..................................................... Procain. Detonator cleaners..................................... Mercury compounds. Detonator fillers........................................ Mercury compounds. Detonator packers..................................... Mercury compounds. Disinfectant makers.................................. Formaldehyde. Druggists.................................................... Bleaching powder, soap, Iodoform, sodium salts, sugar. Dye makers............................................... Acids, benzine, caustic alkali, coal-tar products, dye interme diates. dyes, turpentine, antimony compounds, barium salts, calcium salts, cresol, dextrin*, ferrocyanides, formaldehyde, gums, hydroquinooe, lead salts, phenol, potassium chlorate. Dyers......................................................... Dyaa. Electroplaten............................................ Adds, benzine, caustic alkali, Ume, potassium cyanide, soap, nickel sulphate. Embalmers............................................... Formaldehyde. Engravers.................................................. Adds, caustic alkali, feme chloride, potassium cyanide. Etchen....................................................... Adds, caustic alkali. Explosive* workers................................... Dye intermediates, explosives (TNT, etc), ammonium salts, bromine, mercury compounds. Pelt-hat maker*.............. r........................ Adds, mercuric nitrate, dye*. Pish dressers.............................................. Brin*. Flax spinners............................................. Lima, brine. Furniture polishers................................... Benzine, caustic alkali, naphtha, turpentine, methyl alcohol, pyrldln, rosin. Fur workers............................................... Dyes. Qalvinisers............................................... Ammonium chlorida. Gas-mantle lmptegnaton................. ........ Thorium compounds. Class blowers............................................ Charcoal, pitch, rosin. Glass ml ears.............................................. Caustic alkali. Ink makers................................................ Dyes. Lampblack oaktn................................... Laundry workers...................................... Lima burners............................................. Lime pullers f tannery)......................... Linoleum maken...................................... Soot. Cauitlc alkali, soap. Lime. Lime. Dyea. Machinists................................................. Cutting compounds, lubricants, oils. Masons....................................................... Lime. Match-factory worker*.............................. Dyes, dextrin*, cams. * Mercerlten................................................. Adds, caustic alkali. Mixers (rubber)......................................... Accelerators (hexamethylenetetramine). Mordanters................................................ Adds, caustic alkali, chromates, zinc chloride, aluminum salt*, antimony compounds, arsenates, chromium salts, copper salts.iron ulta lead salu, pbiwntiam <llo>*f -<n ITltl Mottlersf leather)...................................... Dyea. Nickel platen............................................ nine chloride. nickel sulphate. Nltroglyoertn maken................................ Adds, explosives. Packing-house employees......................... Painters..................................................... ! Brine. Adds, caustic alkali, paints, zinc chlorida. SKIN IRRITANTS, 31 Oecopatloas Exposed to Specified Skin Irritants--Concluded. Occupation exposed. I Skin irritants. at ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Paint makers........ Paper-box makers. Paraffin workers... Parchment makers. Paints. Glue. Paraffin. Zinc chloride. Pencil (colored! makers...... Petroleum refiners............... Photographer*..................... Photographic piste cleaners. Pitch worker*...................... Plasters................................ Polishers.............................. Polishers (silver and brass'. Printers................................ l/JW. Caustic alkali, paraffin. Adds, caustic alkali, chromates, metal, pyrogsikr and, tur pentine. amidol, bronzing powder. hydrequinone, rodinal. Caustic alkali. Pitch. Lime. Caustic alkali, naphtha. Potassium cyanide. Ink. benstoe. Rock-salt workers Rope makers....... Rubber workers.. Brine. Oil, tar. Accelerators (hexamethylenetetramine). Balt preparers................................... Scratch bnuhers (electroplaunr).... Shell flllen........................................ Shoe finishers................................. SIrare (cotton)................................. Soap makers...................................... Sodium hydroxide makers............... Solderws........................................... Sugir refiners..................................... Brine. Adds, benxtne, Ume. oils. Explosive* (TNT, etc.). Benzine, coal-tar products, naphtha, methyl alrahoL Zinc chloride, aluminum salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts. Caustic alkali, soap, lagerahla oils, sodium silicate. Caustic alkalL Aoids, sine chloride. Sugar. Tannery workers........................... Ternpenes................................... Tinners........................................... Tobacco rollers.............................. Tube layen (cotton conditioning) Typists........................................... Vulcanizes*. Washers....................... Washwomen................ Watchmakers.............. Waterproofers (paper). Wsx-oraament makers Wet-bobbin winders... Wood preservers.......... Zinc-chloride maters. Adds. Ume. sodium sulphide, arsenic salts, brine, calcium Jiydrceulphide, chromium salts. Oil, brine. Zinc chloride. Vegetable dust, vegetable oils. Nitrobenzol, aluminum salts, formaldehyde, magnesium salts, sodium fluodlicate. Carbon pspsr. Accelerators (hexamethylenetetramine). Caustic alkali. Caustic alkali, soap, sodium salts. Potassium cyanide. Paraffin. Dye intermediates, potassium cvanlde. lime, aluminum salts, formaldehyde, magnesium salts, sodium fiuoslllcste. Tar. zinc chloride. Adds, tisc chloride. ADDITIONAL COPIES or THIS niUCATIO* SCAT II MOCtJlID rXUM THE SUTIEDCrXKBtKT OF DOCWXMTS Govcamrxtrr rxnmxo omex WASHDtOTOS, D. c. AT CENTS PER COPY -iGbnllnuod from tooondpogoof oootr.) _.t.V" > l *191(U9li, Bejjcxt on condition-ofwoman and child'wage earners te the United * * .fitstee (B. Doc.45, 61*tCong.,2d seas.) : -- -.- - ' V i VoL I, Cotton textile industry;'. r- ' * Vol. H. Men* ready-made clothing._ -l T-?*1** m Glaaslindwtiy.- Vol. IV, SUktTnduatiy. . '.'To!. XI,Employment of women. In the metal trade*. VoL XII, -Employment of women In laundries. . . Vol. XIV, Causes ol death 'among-woman and child cotton-mill operatives. . - .ToL XVII, Hookworm diienae among cotton-mill operative*. . - ' Vol. XVIH..Employment ot women and children in aelected lndattriee. . Val.XIX, Labor lawa and fictorr. conditions. . -Sal. 93, January, 1912, Conciliation, arbitration, and saniution in the cloak, suit, . _ and skirt lndustry-ln 2?ew. Fork City.- , - - BoLlOO, May, 1912, List-of industrial poison* and other.-substance* injurious to. ~ health found in. industrial processes.' " . } : A lUt of thm bulUtin* IktuoA tint* July' l. Ifit. Cm thm ivin "fndulrtat Accident* end Bygtmno,,,.it'a* follouti _ _ _ .. '---v ... . * - 4Bul. 104, August 1912, 'Lead poisoping in .potteries, tile worts, and porcelain enameled sanitary ware*factories.V Bui-120, May, 1913, Hygltae of the paintars' -trsd'e. - .' - `"m *BaL 127,.August, 1013, Dangers to worker* from dust* and famat, and methods of'" j/ 'T-!. ' protection. . ' r; 'r . . Bni. 141,February, 1914, Dead poisoning in the smelting and refining of lead. ". r-,L- n.^/BnL'. 1ST,'March,-ISIS, Industrial accident .etatfcrtlea.. : ..r..*;; - : ./Bni:.19S,lZ>cemKer, I914 Lend'poisoning in thauaunfaetureAf storare hittirie*..*.^^-. BnL'TTOV October;'. 1015, Industrial-poixuns usedTn;-the Jobber lndsstry^ . :> ' r;'- -Bni. 188. March, 1916, Heport of Britan departmental edmmirtef'on the,danger id- 'A/ "^-sthe.nae of leadln te,i>aiattng-of bnCOlhg*.^ . iJrrk :'-Lv V ',^-:- -.BuL 201, August, iai6,.port of thr ecmmlttee^ea jvtrdatlsaAad taranne* codi,; - :' jof the International Association, ' 'w .. [Limited editionJ ' Bui. 205, January, . BnL 207, Marrti.'.i .-'I Bnl. 209, April, It_________________________ ___________ _ *BnL .216, August,-1937. .'Aoriflanta .an^hcefflen^ prerangon . *Bnl. 234, Inly; 1918, Saf^'mosjeawmiBiYbrjjmiiAnd ateel'indBatry, 19^Uiin7.1v ^ ' BoL 286. July. 1918. Effect of the'air.hammer' ap -tba handsjaSAttmecnttere.^ - - BoL 231, Preveatable.defttha In the cotton.mannflu^jnringlndnatry. -t.;i.'-v. -i- . ... -`Bui. 233, February, 1919,-tTomeh ln'th# -.* `v''" BuL 258, Xorember, 1919, Occldeataw^l.'ftcrtdaRt-pi^m^dOBtoachJn^/buildingTv--':^ Bui. 20 Bnl. Bnl.: Th* following f-tillrrint, piifrfltfititijfirt fiiltj, ttlt?fiitwnt ( tfla'a'srfes-**/r> dattrial Accidents and Bligimnm" also contain hnporttntviatmlai rolmttng to <JU*u4/et> at industrial hgglonot : ;x .~ V Ilal. loi, July, 1912, Care of'tabecnrdni wag* earner* In Oarmany.- Jr y~.:- *BnL 122, May. lfllS, Employment of wom.ah in'jibwer latmdrlea in Mnwinkefc '''.'* Bui. 142, February, 1914, AdministraHon'of labor'itw< and.-factory IntpoeHoiTin . certain European countriea.' "' .'.' -!.;-- ^-'- r..-' C'i' v' Bui. 145. April, 1914, ConcillattbiL' ftrtvltfatlon, aad aanltatiUn' in. the .dreat and^ waist industry.of New. Fork City.. v. t /-' Supply exhausted. . :. 'V - -* 'V.' '.A**.' *