Document b5Mg9O8a79JvVXDZ2eJDp7OM3

March-April 1964- Vol. 58 No. 2 CONTENTS magazine 2 INDOOR OUTDOOR PLAYING FIELD History's largest dear-span dome requires 175 runs of "Ladle" acrylic monomer for its 4,600 skylights 6 MATCHING CLOTHES TO BODY MOVEMENT Skin, nature's comfortable body covering, is emulated by fabrics made with new eorespun yarns 9 LITTLE BOOKS WITH STRONG BACKS Wherever there's a reader, there's a paperback ... a happy condition triggered by hot-melt adhesives 12 OIL FIELD DUTY FOR A DRY CLEANER How do you descale an oil welly Easy: use Du hunt sulfamic acid 16 BACKSTAGE AT THE FAIR Here's what's going on in the wings at Du Pour's Hew York World's fair Pavilion 19 HEADY SUCCESS OF HAIR SPRAYS Coiffures take on new elegance when hair stylist Enrico Caruso backs up his magic with "Freon" propellents 22 EASING THE SQUEEZE IN JETS The aerospace engineer fights to get six pounds in a five-pound hag. His ally: "Teflon" TFE-fluorocarbon resins 26 THE ONE-SHOT RAMP Four million cubic feet of iron ore was yielded by one big blast at Star Lake, N.Y. 29 "INSTANT" PAINT JOB FOR AN "INSTANT" PLANT Du Punt was color conditioning this huge textile finishing plant before the roof was on 32 WHAT'S NEW THE COVER. The age-old maxim that oil and water don't mix takes on a new meaning when used by petroleum producers. When a producing well, such as this pumper outlined against a dusky California sky, yields water along with oil (and most of them do), carbonate scale can clog critical passageways, restrict ing the flow of fluid. To keep these downhole perforations free from plugging, oilmen are turning to new dry-acid descaling prod ucts based on DuPont sulfamic acid. For details, see page 12. Editor William C. Halley Associate Editors Jack D. Hunter Robert M. Bodnar Charles E. Petty Copyright 1964. F,. I. tin Pont tie Nemours anti Company, Wilmington. Dela ware. All rights reserved. This magazine or parts thereof may not be repro duced in any form without permission in writing from the publishers. Printed in U.S.A. Change of Address: To insure receiving your next copy, send your new address promptly to: Editor, Du Pont Magazine, Wilmington, Del. 19898. Send old address with the new, enclosing if possible your address label. Post oilices will not forward this magazine unless you provide extra postage. Photo Credits: Pages 2-5, Paul Peters; pages 9-10, Howard Slater; page II, J. W. Clement Co.; page 21 (bottom left), Mark Shaw; page 21 (bottom right). Richard Avedon; pages 22-23 (lop), McDonnell Aircraft Corp,; pages 22 (bottom) and 24 (lop). I.ing-Temco-Voiight; pages 24 (bottom) and 25, I he Boeing Co.. Airplane Division: pages 26-28, Wayne Montague, Nils Kvvick, Joe Bonner; pages 29-31, Bill Coxc. Something to make a flower grow higher than the nicy. This magnet help* the flower pull up. It mostly work.s by gear* which keep the design* apart.--Alan Turner It's a tree-cutting machine that hah wheel* lo go around the tree and a helicopter thing to make it go up and down.--Danny Cell) This i* a picture of an air-making machine. If people want to live on the moon, they can take it up with them and they don't have to worry.- Peter Kelemen MMf Hri- w> --aas Hi f---- P ww'-' Mi:/-:,- ,ur" v7^ !-' 1 --sM i;fci jcSHHMfi |g| : "t Illlr i tf Although some 1,300 Du" Pont "scientists' "and engineers were'engaged "in pioneering >f everything. in this blend of art and science by some free spirits of the first anti second grades at What this country really, could use is some iostant flowers; a dependable whalechopper; an air-making machine in case Daddy gets transferred to the moon; and a diamond-fabricating device that's a corn- r14i 1111 O5,11l,l1C-Vyifritti*1^!1 t1^i1n4 *, . . lain and water- and oil-repellent., Despite these oversights. Du. Pont basic ....... *`Nordd" hydrocarbon rubber, a general- purpose elastomer with excellent chemical some pretty varied human needs in 1963. and mechanical properties. Here is a sampling of those cited by Presi A new metal alloy, TD Nickel sheet; dent Lainniot du Pont Copeland in his just- "flyvstr" X, bromacil weed killer; "Crona- issued Annual Report to stockholders: : , press" conversion film .for the, preparation "Corfam" poromeric shoe upper mate of printing plates; and a new class of poly- rial, a product of 13 years of research and mers, the polyimtdes, for-high-temperature development on mo istu re - trartsmI (table applications. ' synthetic structures. The range, in fact, is as stimulating as "Zepel" fabric fluoridizer, which makes wIBB a, EUHHna j. -- -- Voa cun mu a mi oj umm.--ummmr iveienam WBM illlillli ` * "//? V; ;". ' . V:\ fM.V I-V*i': " , f [M( M m,r MaiilMfcwi - -. -l J' -1!_>..3M-Wt PWHflM--M SF :U-. : V:i aaM Wm .1L~ ----B--gw TiliAjT'iar/ilCTM^a----^--^ mmBlalM --B1- Wal -y^j,a:; ;] ; 7 ;.ry j;v:..;,::;;:i;2VL,;...; ^; ' Ifr [S^S /:y :: r7|a;f4lftf;.v[JM:17v i',:V.'.-i #;;.;;;:: ;v';;''i7?7::i-C;v;?a-,:a::!ia;;::S..f-" r;i ?--:"*'~' '_ .'i<"r";-. . .-* ; i; >:h - ; .......... ' / ;> U'*5:U .'.;= Tj. 7:7'?1:7.=,1;.. iri''Tiat'/i7iT?'MV-.X't4-,: d'i :".. ' 7 ' r-.C v ' * " ; L 5 7;.. :.' r i ; 5 -: f' " " : ' : :- 1 ' J-i Vf 75; 7\i f ;-. -I.. 7': 5. Si 77 =i-'\oK^:',,'J7;:5 5; '5 7 7; ' ; 7.; ,7, ,. . . :/ M i' 77;'1 T ;; *= v ^-v h :-;>fp v i -m av&m-nm-a j : *i 'i - -m=#:>i^. - 'i...',.\ Bi p a h MRTM^nyif[?girWBUt e w --fiFiPf^fT h mBmmmasm f*jnwMMaj5MgMmgp3aii^i^BHiBWBMiiiBWaMEMwiWimi Thinking big again, Texans ham specified "Ludte" for use in the world's largest dear-span dome over their By Ja c k D. Bu mt iir ""BomltMu'TiMtt When ...lie.. Houston.. Colts ...of. the..National j-egionLTlie j project^ because of'" its com-... Baseball League assemble on the field for plexity, marked lime until i960, when their first home game of the 1965 season, -Houston won a National 'League baseball it'll be on a I eld the likes of which has- franchise, With this important incentive, never been seen. the idea was dusted off and updated, Around'and'above players and specta ' 'Let's have, went the new thinking among tors will be the.largest cleor-span steel and' the project's organizer^ an arena that will plastic dome in history, with a base cireuni-. . accommodate not only' baseball but also ferenee of half a mile, a diameter of 642 football, circuses, trade shows, political feet and a height of 208 feel--high enough conventions or most any large public event. to umbrella an 18-story building. Now approaching completion on a 260- Then lei's assure ideal weather conditions by putting it roof over the whole thing and acre plot'of ftatland seven miles south of installing air conditioning,........................... downtown Houston,the $22,5 million Har Two Houston architectural firms--Lloyd' ris. Co tuny Domed. Stadium, scheduled to and Morgan, and. Wilson, Morris, Crain & open this fall, will keep crowds of up to Anderson---were asked to form a tusk force 66,000 in air-conditioned comfort while -whose aim would be to devise a structure they watch fare ranging from football of the type envisioned. through boxing to rodeos. The key to project success has proved to The architects, aided by a physicist, an acoustical engineer, an air conditioning spe be "Evr-lCleer" (a Cast Optics Carp, trade mark) cast acrylic sheet made from"Lucite" acrylic monomer, whose light weight and optical and weather-resistant properties- cialist and a squad of other, consult ants, saw major league problems right, off. For instance-, you can't play major league ball on hard floors, so how do you get:grass to have enabled Houstonians to create a huge grow under a roof? And how about pop outdoor playing field indoors, . Hies--how high should a roof be to out ..... Fourteen. veat's..ago,Teias.sEorts..prpmg-... ... reach... them?. A Iso,, ijriec hur ricanes, are not... .. ters....sttw..vast....potential.. in..a..stadium..tor.... ....unknown ..in. .Tex as, ...how could ..such ..a. roof... -Houstony-especially-an -arena-type.structure - ...b - made... proof, against high, winds?................. " that"" would --protect- -spectators.against- the ...... First- problem..tackled; -of-course,-- was..... hot sun and humidity predominant in the the arrangement of playing area and seat ing, The architects conceived a playing , field 25 feet below ground level. They en circled it with six levels of; seats with two .units of 10,000 seals each, which, when ra tal ed 35 degrees on -a .motorized truck, 'would permit the stadium to convert from baseball to fool bull. For the roof construction, the knottiest question of all, the group of architects con sidered many possibilities, i,e,, geodesic de signs, laminated wood, air-supported, lab-, lies,- Bui- each find to be -dropped, mainly because'in answering one problem it. would -i-.-i.. .i j Lv- create another, (Example; An air-sup ported fabric roof might' collapse when 66,000 people poured through the doors.) ; Moreover, an. opaque roof of any design would cut off sunlight and thus make it 'impossible to keep grass alive and rooted, :Obviously a transparent roof was a must, crmiiaant  ` OO'r' a Eventually the architectural team decided and outdoor exposure data amassed 'by in favor of a steel Lamella frame dome pro Du Pont over more than 20 years of ex posed by Roof Structures, Inc. of St. Louis, perience with "Lueite" confirmed that cast which incorporated big trussed beams, in acrylic sheet has the exceptional weather terlaced in diamond form, intermittently resistance'lbe architects sought. The archi 'braced and arcing upward to meet at the tects say that 'the excellent performance center. Forming a skin for this skeleton record" of acrylic sheet, plus "the obvious would be a transparent material that would flexibility of and the coordinated relation permit sunlight to nourish the grass playing ship between manufacturer and fabrica areas. Result; a huge, skylighted dome. tors" influenced the final decision to specify But on the heels of this, decision came cast acrylic sheet of "Lueite" monomer. "".more..posers....Whitt.transparent...material... ...... The-next-pressing" problem"" was'" Unit 'of' ..would" admit.the..rang!..of..light..spectrum... ..mmlstlm,"A""dimels" superb"as 'a' structural"" Inces5itx'] ..shape, but ii can beam enough to withstand flic elements? And with 66,000 fans cheering under it After how could incoming daylight be controlled studying ihe problem, the team decided that so as to tnin iniice interior visual glare'l the dome's "skin" should be half cement- How about acoustic- and air conditioning bound wood excelsior panels, half "Evr- 'problems implicit in a dome with so much Klcer" cast acrylic sheet. The lowest third' skylight area? 'The questions compounded, of the dome' would be finished completely one upon the other. ^ ^ ^ to the sound-absorbent wood panels find Ihe Weighing these diverse needs- against a upper two-thirds would be this same ma list of available materials, the team finally terial interspersed with 4,600 skylights of settled on cast acrylic sheet'made from acrylic shed converging toward the apex. "Lueite" acrylic monomer, long known to To keep down visual glare and facilitate "the architects' lor' its' 'strength, lightweight,"" air conditioning, the skylights' sire com "optical clarity, shatter resistance" and" read!- ' posed of double layers' of acrylic sheet---a ness..to ..adapt to fabrication processes,. Spe-. crystal-elear..layer. 0,250 inch thick, facing eta I tests conducted for the architects showed the elements outside and si 0.187-inch- that "Evr-Kloer'* cast acrylic sheet would Ihiek inner layer with a light-diffusing pris admit the light spectrum required to grow matic surface. (A total of 3.10,000 pounds Tiffway Bermuda grass. Also, laboratory of "Lueite" acrylic monomer is needed to provide the required 9,200 sheets measur ing 41x88 inches.) Prime contractors for the stadium are H. A. Lott, Inc. and John son, Drake, Piper, Inc., both of Houston. Cast Optics Corp. of Hackensack, N.J., easts "Evr-Klcer" sheets from "Lueite" acrylic monomer. The sheets are then shipped to Enjay Engineering Co., whose plant has been made available as a Houston fabrication base for Pam Co., Portland, Ore., manufacturer of the Pam Plastic Sky lights specified fo'rlhcstadiumrobf......... " Meanwhile,' the"architects and"their con sultants have .come up with many ingenious... answers to the Hood of problems that has continued to confront them. For instance, at the crown of the clonic they've provided a 65-foot opening, somewhat like a cupola with louvers, to permit the escape of to bacco smoke and to house the traffic direc tor who will oversee the 20,000-car parking lot surrounding the stadium. But this open ing offered its own problem: if over-theroof winds were to reach GO nip It or more, interior air vacuum thus created might 'keep exit doors'from opening. The sta dium's design crew answered this one by placing .emergency buttons next, to the doors so that cupola louvers can be dosed in case doors jam. As for winds, the dome is designed to withstand hurricane velocities and gusts of up to 165 mph. One of the y-s.. l'"3PI -4rf 1. \ 1 .' ... '! ", , . BHH.'. */: :!>.* '"a A; a ...a a 'AAa a ;., i- : . - ; I:.-*--/. "1 EBh S , . . m it . "t A imHi.. consiliums in this aspect of the job was an aeronautical engineer versed in airerali airfoil performance. Air conditioning alone has proved tit be a matter of gient complexity. The body heal that can be generated by the massing of 66,00(1 .spectators has required a $4.5 million air conditioning s\stem based on two t,20U4on electric coolers to lower stadium temperature lo 74'' F and l wo I.KUO-ton steam units to nutimam this level regardless of crowd size. A total of 2.5 milium cubic led ol air will be Circulated each minute: 250.01 )l> cubic feel of Iresti air will be dr; wn into the stadium in the same interval. In nearly every aspect, the I lands ('otmiv Stadium oilers superlnlives. The structure* proper covers `i'e acres of land; at night it will he illuminated by 1,260 floodlights, ami total electric power consumed will be more than that needed by the I exas city of Port Lavaca; one section ol ihe parking, lot will aeeom moil ate .'(id buses. There v. ill be a retractable pre.ss-TV camera plat form at dome's top and, below, in the rim structure. TV and radio control looms, photographic darkrooms, interviewing booths. Ako an tong I act lilies will lie oil ices lor the Houston Sports Association and die stadium manage ment, snack bar,-., public calcteri t, gourmet restaurant, lit si-a id stations, diessirtg twins fur entertainers, locker founts (or teams. Toe stadium will ako have one of the world's largest tobacco smoke lilters. Since oh.(MM) taits ran pull up an impressive cloud, interior ail will be desmoked by electroxkilie precipitators anil tillered through enough charcoal to 101 a railroad boxcar. "'his >,[>i ins.: vinfli hi* able us hi v idolhex I dial an aimest :s% coins onaiiic In v,.nr ;e; \ t-sis'sk in. S Du IV.m Texiile Libers men y. 1io\ e dev* Jo*H'd a w so re mtpi os t sirelcb in fabi ics. d he secrel e a ne'e kind ol yarn made in spinnii n: cither mais-irahe or Hnlur.il libers around a lilnmoni eo:e >i` "Lycra spondee hher. ossm mlo lahnes. I lies,- eoivspim varus s icld garun-iiis witii s spi .*Hs! i.narl ior mn\htp when and us I In- m.MtVi tiiifs. Soil dials. lor instance, \un'l bind linos !>h ilie xhotiidci >. Inn yen reach .tCfos*. .1 lies I*.. I loiiMi's rii i ceiislv si re; cl*! ni ihc knees when you sil down. y el don'; become haei.r\ alter lone period', ok near. *''l xvi.i' is used .purinyfv ard is-.iirMy in line ileniiTs in die nov. 1 ahri.s." -.;s\*; Mc s .s ih h .1 kinehii ol l!ie To.lsic fibers Dept "s I'ro-ilucls Division. "Ut like die Iu>*.\ei kill ssreleh and recovery in oninuaImns oi s iriiv.ini. ii |U'<h Iii:Vs a senile pise and lake dial contentis lo hodv move mem-.. I lie slideli isu'l dianialie K< die eye; it's no more nonce.ibic (liar iriot of your slob w lie l yon sit. ivinl or w; Jk," l iners men com riuiaJh icier io the skin .K'caiisi nalure's comfortable covering guided ilie ileiciopmetn ok core spin11ini.:. " I o iirul .ml Ians an ideal gunner should I'll. \'.e measured ihe skin's slrclcl* iny .iiul eoiiiniciinu vkuini: all kinds o body nun eincnts." reports kiacliil. ''I o instance, v-.c found (has the skin m tli liumaii hjie'k si re u: In-s la to I (i per ecu when die ai'nis are moed up mid oui. l ull bending (lie elbows or knees eauses tit skin lo s lie I eh io imioli as dU per emu \ er tica llv u ih I 2t> j'*,.*r cent hori/.oiiialh . "Il was olivioi s rielr ihat th aniomtl ol si re!cIs needed lor complel freedom ok movement couldn'l lx* iblainci 'with conietitioiiaJ stretch labric lechniipk" l*or i he ino-.i pan hi esc involve fuming false lwi-.t into filaments such as m km o 'I k.u*i on pohesici libei. Doing so linui the ininiiinl ok strote 11 because ihe Inhrie can only flex as I nr a: I he tiimalunil crimp in* curls w ill pud oui. *',\lilioiigh I'mished garmciilx of sue: fabrics are more conborlahle Ilian Ihos sv il I no slreleh at all. they still iloit'i allm eoniptcle ifeedoin. *'\\ e I tinted lo 'Lycra because ils a li'u elasiorneric textile hirer. Il has aboul II limes ilie llc.x life of natural rubber, mean ing ii can Iv sire lei led constantly w ithou ili. i-i-'j'Hh iiiu ,\irnc h'M-k.i i I I f O.'Mliiituf a v.ni"st;jm 1 mii n j h ih aim .sisirhs m i-ini i m h Bh h H I---- c\s fabrics wiili cores of "Lycra" ipi>h cxirn stretch at knees o! s-inirt' s men's slacks shmm lell, .iiiiu- I'lxide kelai (iiul a woman's ' '.i-invvv outfit l>> iksulmo nLo mi:iin `1 .\era , The tmv !nhrii's ide range of uses is ill ustruled i> men's Sternberg suit, women's "dlls bv Miiieslie shown below. Wilh !.hi Pont'* hoi,-well, (ulhvaiven In slUfnu lheir npine^, paper1index }nm> won a. ntaxdee mu! In-sfmg plan', on Ike mnid'x Imokdwher. 4, ( a bookstore cm West Ninth Street 1 ti r\ Wilmington, Del., the browser has his choice of 10.000 lilies, ranging from ancient intellect'Jni works which once vented on being col led nrs' items to (Vcsh-ax-tuday whodunits that ran he read in a single sit tins;. Whatever his choice culture or cup.lnoats.... the customer can have ii lor a price between .S3.os ;mc. 35 cents, 'I he books tint paperbacks. I lie store specializes in them. Curiously, neilhet me books (among an estimated 2,Xd million paperback versions of some 25,01)0 titles to l)e primed and sold this yoar t nor the store (among .some I 10,000 U.S. ivlail outlets) would Ik likely to exist, in their present vigorous turn; j: Du I'out hadn't begun a patient ami thoughtful stifling of tile pub lishing imlttstiy's glue pot "d) gears ago. lJn perl lacks age _:5 lids year, with sales topping $ lot: million annually -are a mighty business that tias changed the pro file of U.S. fmbushim.!. Authors and haulhaes hook publisher; both have loiiiul a vast new income potential in the selling id rep, ini lights to paperback producers. Moreover, the lure Juts been .suUicienl to induce some of the most It a.lilion steeped haniback houses to go into the business themselves In reprinting, some of tlic it' old (ilks and binding them in paper covers. Only live years ago., die biggest I tooks.oicx coil It I uceoiminnlaie all the paperhacks in print, loilay, though, as Jerry l ine, manager ol Wilmington's Pupcrhooh Nailery, says; "'l here simply isn't room to , t .*fj !'Si ffi I .stocJ. theni .'ill ah's1 more. 'I hen* .ire fS riMs.-.-iViai l-;d paperback publishers. utid al'iiiii oilier houses aiv publishing Inghei |>i set'll |nr| id had. voiunu"*:. I buy I rum I !.ii jilsi to nidi In,:.11 iaste--. ` Pockci Bunks. tni'.. pioneers ol paper backs ;1111. still llia i.iniisl II.S, produc'd' ol (hem. .-.e! !llll!g.s in iin-l ion in f-.Kl'-K !is I lie- i-is; good hook--, could coiinniuld a nines Jii.trk.'l ii ilk.)* -. unlit lie made ,is ;c, ailalilc and inexpensive' ns. s.iv, dgaicl '111.* ivnicel 1'i.iS'd >'.n ,-r Hoot, is |irinn.-ii on a rda.ivclv good stock ul paper, v. ii!i sets of page:-. or "siLiiialni cs" --l -v . ii and glllcd togclltef' ,il Ills' doth spine. It's usually rim of in numbers ranging in ills' loss thins- saiuh ihi'ii distributed to ionic d.xiMi ic tail tiooksh ires, ! loss aboil*. asked I'm Li'l Hook.*,, ivpl nil ills' these sal in. hooks iallcl' custom,in hard-covet min kcl ing) in iiic lim.ifti'd*. of lluHisimils i iiiiuiiiii tlis-m off on Itmei iiualil)' stock, pjmiip iiicm to pa per spines hetss con inatcil paper enser*. Itt 1 K arid then shipping them to ir.idiliosial lilacayinc retail outlet.., such as nesssslamh. cicar cs.aimers, .sisperninrlv: c. and <li ugxtu; cs'.* In Its first sesen momlis, t'ii sen! out IK million copies c-i M books eiiiluae.ug ta.u1 loti! sscstcni-. to watt ici.sms. liv I 'i-i i, about iitts) iiinitiom,; wholesalers had an re.. si lo place I'll production in (licit outlets. Ike results electrified llic publishing ss'orid ami o|ieiicsi . s*. hole ness tlicmcr ut ope i at ons lot' llic ! !.s. reading ptihlic. Hv 1, st Her I'li lias! ptlhhslied more Ilian one billion copies of sonic s.ontl titles. I .aids m the same, psperhuek piodileers humped against a w\tm.' Icehmea! jirohlem. It seas allictliated hs [Sic W. Is Hall I'fiiitini1. < o ol < Isicagu. I hi.* Colonial I'le.ss. Inc. ot Clinton. Mass., arid the .1. \Y. Clement ( o. ol Btsilaln. major ii'inlcr-. am) Isindcrs ol paper Slacks then and nos\. in ihscuss isits ss it h Du Font. 'I 'hi'- nisi; illsanimal riltii-s Used to bind papa hael.s were juos'iit:.; to he tens caniartkiTolis p.r mass production and distribution. The'adhesive was difficult' to handle, took hours to dry (thereby causing severe storage problems between binding and trimming operations), was weakened by moisture in damp cli mates and became bridle in dry atmos pheres--factors that caused rapid deterio ration of books during and after distri bution. Can you, the producers asked Du Pont, come up with an adhesive that will remain aloof to widely varying climatic conditions over long periods of lime, yet will dry fast enough to permit our trim'Ming bdbks i'mri'iediatcly"after"biiidirig?... " IiIc iiIh f Jktwl ....................................................... Du Pom's Fabrics and Finishes Dept, began to research the matter. F&F soon es tablished a list of properties for the ideal adhesive for "perfect binding," i,e,, bind ing which bonds 'each page individually, attaches the cover, holds the whole book together without stitching or side staples and withstands the severe flexing that occurs when the book is bent buck on itself. Work ing with these ideals as their touchstone, laboratories introduced via pilot plant a tan-colored, elastic solid based on 'a synthetie resin. When heuted to 250tp350 "F,,. it. softened and became n viscous liquid. After applying to bools spines in this tem perature range, it required only a few sec onds to harden and return to room tem perature. permitting high machine speeds and instant triinin ng. The so-called ,Tn>lniell" adticsi*.e bail hern bom and. in vastly improved form, it still serves today as a staple in the industt v's supply cupboard. llic lirs( maim improvement uns dis*luted lay aiiolher Indus.problem. Paper mills \nine the vsasLcpaper trim pioduccd In bookbinders as ; raw tialerial. Snell Him alsv.iys contains some of the adhesive with which lhe book has been bound, so llic adhesive should have characteristics that keep it net it fa I during waste-paper rec lamation processes, Sirce ordinary glues are water-soluble, they ottered no problem lietc; hiti liot-mells are made (o withstand ss Met and thus their insolubility const it tiled a headache tor paper mill men. I ski I look another look a! Ih U-j iic Ii.s and dot iscd a means to make them dilute alkali-solul'ile without impairing their other properties. S.ns John Ik Scrninilei, Du I'out indus trial adhesives technical adviser: " llic Du Pom liot-mell adhesives being sold to day will dissolve in .05 per cent aqueous sodium hydroxide in MH> minutes or less til l-ltl Ik. even after thev've been healed as tong a.*. IS hours at it It) Is lilts degree ol alkali solubility make.*, llic waste reusable in all pane)' mills (bat i>-e de-inking ptoeesses aiul also in paperboard mills that are willing ici use the small anioiiul ol alkali required. 1 bis high degree ol alkali solnb.il- ity is no! possessed by all hot-melt adhe sives anil was achieved by a'unique Du Pont manufacturing process," Hol-mcit adhesives provide higher qual ity books at lower cost even though they carry-a higher price per pound than ordi nary glues. Reasons; uninterrupted opera tions from signature gathering to shipping; more output per hour with less labor anti floor space; less book repair. Consequently, hot-melts are finding continually broaden ing applications in such areas us magazine .... and. catalog. ..publishing,................................. ......... [ronicully,...one....of.4he...most-recent-prob.....tarts ""facing.Du.. Pont..adhesives'" scientists .....has -its-' roots ""in' '"one "of the.oldest-known' perils of publishing: catted paper stock, such as that used on covers of paperbacks and magazines, is much more resistant to .adhesives, be they glues or hot-melts,. Up . to now, Du Pont hol-meits applied over a - preceding application of tr special primer - have had little trouble here, (For example, Reader's Digest, printed and bound by McCall, and Fortune, printed and bound by Donnelly, both contain u considerable ..portion, of ..coated papers, have long been "perfect-bound" with Dir Pont hol-meits.) - However, Du Pont sees the need for aso' culled "one-shot "hot-melt""that" can' func tion al lop efficiency in cover binding with out primer prelude. Otic-iliof Target Therefore, with the assistance of-Brins like Hall; Clement; Colonial: Western Print ing & Lithe, Poughkeepsie, N.Y.; and McCall- of Dayton, Ohio, Du Pont has de veloped and refined a one-shot hot-melt that not only serves the purpose in paper backs but also, Sermottei says, "promises to ... extend - to many magazines containing all ... coated.paper' that..now" "lire"' siae-stapletii'" resin, a highly wax-compatible amorphous polymer manufactured by Du Pout's El.ee- trochemicals Dept, Keeping one-shot re searchers busiest these days are steps that will meet the alkali dispersibility need.' ' 'At its Marshall Laboratory in. Philadel phia, F&F has installed a new experimental binder. As a research tool designed to sim ulate the operation of commercial machines in the field, the binder serves to solve spe cific problems of adhesives users, " As for tile adhesive's 'themselves, Sermal- tcL expresses considerable enthusiasm in . his..prognosis,.Says he;."Not only...are hol- meits here to stay, but they'll expand even more in use. For instance, despite the dif ficulties, final solution to the coated paper problem is at hand, and this will open wide the magazine field. Basically, though, hot- melts will expand because they're in tune with the demand for faster production and lower 1; hoc cos is per unit."' Economical dry-acid descakrs based on. mdfamie add j^EMEViors.............. " -achieve-safety- and... in By Ro b e r t M,, De d n a r he roustabouts waited patiently in the Tearly morning stillness of the Texts ... oil patch,.They seiinned the horizon for a ... sniaJJJjubMe of.dust.;..anjnlkatloi.that.tlie.. ... acid, truck ..had.,turned., off,the, highway. and... ... was-making its way-ueross-tho-tough-tCFruin.' Two pumping wells were to be cleaned and !lie men were told to report for the acidizing job. Carbonate scale had clogged the;perforations at the bottom of the cas . logs, restricting the flow of oil from adjoin . iug.formations.. ... . The acid truck never did show up. A Chevrolet sedan, however, soon appeared on the scene. The driver told the workers that it was fo be tt '`do-it-yourself" job. .. Everything they needed for..the descaling. . - .operation .wasin the.back seat of his car in 100-pouncl drums marked Visco 900. Fob - (owing-instructions^ the oil field-roustabouts mixed the drums of dry-acid desenler into a slurry, introduced it into the annulus of each well, anti left. The next day a company engineer visited the site to.check, the gauge line measure . merits for each tank, Production had. in creased nearly 35 per cent on the first well. Results were even better on number two whore productivity was up by 50 per cent. With remarkable ease the workers had solved a problem present in most of the ... .country.'....?QQ>Q00...oil...wells,...After .a. well..is.. ..drilled, -tubing-is ""inserted-to.the-'level-of - ..t'ltC"'OiMiering'"formation.'"The oil Ironi'this.. underground reswvoIr'teetlsinioihB'tubing"" through perforations in the protective cas ing. When water is produced along with the oil (or when it's injected back through . the tubing as in water-flooding and disposal - wells), scale forms on the perforations, re - ducing or stopping production. ' Cases of highly effective downhole 'tie- ' scaling- with dry-acid cleaners are fast pil ing up at. the home office of Nalco Chemical Co.'s Viseo Division, Sugar Land, Texas. ... "Si nee -we began. m a rketing. V iseo 900 i n - early- -I961, the -response from oilmen has been-terrific,"-says-Paul-Mallette, Visco ' .......................................... continued' On many downhole cleaning jobs, roustabout simply dumps dry-acid descttlcr into wellhead, eliminating: need for special chemicals truck. 12 ( 'JCilllOr .Oil Field Dull' fur a Dry Gleaner continued manager, Product Dept "Like us, they had knowingly left behind are now being re been searching for a descaler more effec worked -by secondary recovery techniques. tive than hydrochloric which arrived in One of the most common methods is water ......tank" trucksrhitd"to" be pumped'"inrand'"was. .....flooding; "Iirseleci'etl' wells, 'Water' is pumped" ......litSafiiotis..id..workmen. TSiui in LhtU,"" .....back.lo''''repfessiii]'flie'''reslfvnii and ;1 ik IY iJSi I'onl nppnlachei lis v ilh die idea of' .....||c oil.a.h.cy...pt|i....tp.adiiccnt .wells.............. using inhibited sulfamic acid. After testing But regardless of the type of well, if sulfamic with our own additives for nearly water Is present with the oil, operators are . a year, we knew we had what we'd been faced with the .problem of carbonate scale looking for in a dry-acid cleaner." and its removal, ' " In"addition to stimulating' production, ' At ii 'Standard Oil Company' of' Texas' ' ' sulfamic-based desculers such us'Visco's of ' field near Si veils Bend, Texas, two pumping ' fer other ^advantagest equipment and labor . wd Is were: recent !y el cancel wi t h V isco.900. costs are reduced; in many: cases a single following pretreatment with Visco 1111, a man can perform the entire cleaning opera surfactant. Output hud dropped to 17 and tion .in a matter of minutes. Sometimes, 21 barrels of oil per day (abbreviated sulfamic acid doesn't even have to be "bopd") because scale blocked the perfora- ... piimpecirDn many' jobs "lhb"'"slug''of acid; "lions, At""thc end of u' 1 May'period, the "' dry or' in 'slurry !orni,Js^;simgyl added'af. .first'.wel.1''showed... a...total ..increase of. US ..Ihc...wellhead....and., .then...displaced...by., .the.. .... barrels. ..of .oil--ahoul...1.0. .bopd. more ....than . well's own pump down to -the formation before treatment. The second well produced where ids left to do its work; unattended. an additional 214 barrels over the same Dry-acid descalers are convenient; stored period for ail average gain of 15 bopd. it the well site, they are used -whenever Predeaning tests on another pumping cleaning can be fitted into production sched- well, near Gainesville, Texas, showed aver- . ale, or on a regular preventive maintenance . age .fluid production til 62 barrels per day, . basis. Solutions of sulfamic- acid cleaners ' only 11 of which were oil. The well was ' can be handled safely anywhere without - treated with Visco 900 and 1111, allowed - danger of fume damage to equipment or to stand overnight, then swabbed. "The sul personnel, Shipped and handled dry, the famic -cleaner not only removed the scale . products are non irritating lo unbroken skin deposition 'but also removed some of the .... and wash pi. wifh water................................... ... mud...Mscd...in...dri.l|jng..ihc...wcll,'(..thc...Qil...C.omT.. ....paity*s.superintendent.reports.. v.A nd... si n ee.. .... lreatment,-lhe-wcll--has-averaged-lb-barrels.. ........ Nor -do-properly.inhi bi t ed - su I fami e -acid. ... more--of-total"-fluid"-pcr"day:*'......................... cleaners like Visco 900 attack metals com- Water-injection wells and saltwater dis inoniy encountered in oil well descaling. posal wells- also have their scale-plugging Some' formulated products may - even be problems. Last spring, for example, six wa- . used.on ehroine-plafeii .pump parts,. . ter.injection wells in. a. waterflood south, of . . . ...During J.ts .lifetime, tin .oil .well may go . Holiday, Te-x us, experienced a rapid decline : through soveral periods of-production, gen in injectivity anti would not take water at - ' -orally identified -as flush, settle, stripper and ' the desired' fate, ................ secondary recovery, In an effort lo increase the injection rule, Flush wells flow by themselves. The oil the wells were treated with 15 per cent hy is forced to the surface by the "drive" of drochloric acid. This resulted in little or .. natural ..gas. or.. water.. pressure.. Settled ..wells.. ... no .improvement.--Shortly- afterwards, the . areThose-in -which-natural - proastire declines.. ...same-wells were'treated-with Visco SOCHts- ...and-pumpjng- is- necessary.- When-compara- - iiig-rptjrnp- truck. 'Following'treatment, "the "lively" 'little ""oil' is' produced "'(less' than'" 10.. " ' project-" engineer" reported'' Hint'''"Acidizing' ; barrels per day) even with pumping, the with Visco 900 increased injection rates ' well is termed a stripper. Secondary recov- ery or injcction we||s are those in which and/or reduced - weIIhead pressures in five of the six wells." art ilk* in I methods are used to force the un Another Texas company had similar : tupped oil-to the bottom of the-well where - problems- with stn Injection well. Due to H- can-be pumped la the surface. ' ' downhole plugging, pressure had risen to Many old fields in' which oil was an- 800 psig, reducing production and endan gering equipment. Fourteen hours after treatment with the dry-acid e tenner, a 140pound pressure drop was noted. Anti after ""a" nidiIK' l he" presstire'" was' still" decreasing,'' .....With oilmen... constantly ...searching...put . new..uni ..better ...methods....of. exploration,.... drilling, production and maintenance, one is hard put to imagine a time when a well producing oil was considered ti failure and shut down. In the 1850's, however, wells were drilled for water and brine--not oil. Although a handful of small.refineries were using crude oil skimmed .front ponds and creeks to make kerosene for lamps, no one thought of punching a hole in the ground to find the source of the seepage. 'Petroleum 'Panacea " ... Then in 18.57, a .New York lawyer named. .George. Uissolt .saw the following advertise ment in a drugstore; "Mens Petroleum or Rack Oil, n Liquid of Wonderful Medical Virtues, discovered in boring for salt water near the Bank of the Allegheny River , , . about 400 feet below the earth's surface." Why not drill? Bissell wondered. With financial bucking from a New England banker, Bisseil formed the Seneca Oil Co. and begun drilling at the now-famed Oil Creel, site near Titusville, Pa. His aide, Edwin Drake, struck toil at 69 to feet. The .American .petroleum..industry.bad....begun.. ......Today, billions of barrels-of oil are being.. .produced- -annually- -throughout..the..world- .for a variety "of" petroleum" products" rang-.. tug troiii fuels, lubricants and waxes to such secondary products as detergents, syn thetic rubber and fibers, and plastics. In the United States alone there are some 600,000 producing-wells and about 75,000 secondary recovery wells.-"More than 80 per cent of these wells produce at least some water along wilh the oil," says Bill Cooke of Du Pout's Industrial and Bio chemical;; Dept "And when water comes up-with the oil, it usually means scale-build up and plugging. Today,-however, with-thesafety and' hand I log ease' of products like 'Visco 900, one' man with a couple of drums and a piece of hose can acid-treat a well in no time fiat, "What's more," he adds, "these dry-acid desaiters mn be kept right at the site in case emergency treatment is necessary--an important factor since few wells are oblig ing enough to be close to the .highway." 14 FAIR Bv Ha k h y E, Da v is nil, 150 cvli;hit:ti pavilions encircling the si it>holic Un! spline, a 13-story, 251) Ion .stainless .steel clone. As showtime m-ars, spirited dancers gy rate (o tile rli\ilnns of die limbo. Iluinetico and calypso in the quaint pavilions built li'l ; i ......... . . : i ' i !, ;! -. i -1 ;}:*' f `. t ! i;': > .-.) : ' I -s i t; \ ' > i *.1 ` - t >. \ * I a i:! >. | i\ . 51 : art from all corners of (he world, Musi foreign pavilions, too, will include restau rants serving native foot.1 anti think. Elsewhere under die Unisphere, major siates. New York City a ml the Federal < ioviTiitneiU are pain,ini', a dt'i-pavilion ...an.: A;.,,i;c .i. bigbo: a :il I'attite a.till t..,;.;!- t.'-j-ll.- I:: -. ! : c-a: - .i-J-t ime mar. ; , t.-i.j.'i' , . L:............. . Oil fll- litiistic eiiies. Slates will likewise point with pride to reproductions ol a (aviso movie set, the aurora boiealix and (anions national landmarks. American industry will he tin: laruesi exposition group, accounting lor more Ilian 200 ol the 1-inr's ,<M)-pfus exhibitors. I he linns' diverse displays, from a demonstra tion of atomic fusion to a candy fuel on , arc being assembled in 35 giant showcases, These pavilions rinn a huge rcOccting pool, site of nightly music, colored IVmttiaiii.s ami dazzling fireworks. Amid this mdusti i:.l inonI age is the Du Pont Pavilion, a nvo-storv, caramseMike building IKU feet in diameter. Du Pom's show divine will he the "Won derful Work) o( Thenitsiry." Enteruhiimg snugs and dunces blended with starlit tig demonstrations wad portray the chemical industry's origin, progress anti contribu tions to mankind. < `urmnly, seven casts are rehearsing tile variety segment, which, will be presented more titan 10,0(1(1 times in two dOtl-scsi theaters. 1 he casts rale ns unusual, for they include six choreographed nwv:c screens. Wheeling freeh over the theater slaves, the screens will project humorous char acters who sing mid dunce with live pertomier.x. ! fentanding perl eel s.vuctiiviitizatioi'i ol images ami aciors, this iimirpliiy leads lo such surprises as a .screen char acter iiwsttlyiitgly handing a hag, ol giocerics to a live acti'css. In another scene, an actress hosing down ai; aiilo projected on tuie screen somehow douses a liguit: on aiiothci sctcctt across the stage, 1 lie lighthearted show is built, aroutui an original score written by director Michael drown, who has penned music anil lyrics for malty successful Broadway and supper elt,il> productions. Biowit s whimsical short course on chem istry's evolution begins with die ancient (i reeks. I hey're depicted as 1 ttriiuisly pon dering the earth's makeup fun neve- testing their ideas, liy contrast, frustrated alchem ists seek to turn lead into gold by cvpcrinusitiiii; wildly and with hide regard for logic. J )u Pout's alchemist lairs belter [lus t his Middle Ages coiilenipoi ark;:,; hi.-, iniiildy potion congeals into peanut liritlie. I he chaos ol the past ultima.civ heroines chemistry with France'-. I.avoisiei, who identities the earth's basic elements and the iYrrittiki for water, lie also takes on a rmiiimtvtf .Slow' "director ""Michael"" Brown..anil" iissistanti" nsiclerliist>ininite revisions in musical score, bright, young apprentice named E, 1, At Pont, who later emigrated to America ' and founded a company dedicated to both ' thinking and testing....................... Better Tilings are Horn Brown chronicles the results of Du Pont Company research in amusing skits. There's "Grocer Goodfcllow winy tries "'delicately to' shod" Hies from"' food" in" a' 1915' general" ' "store.. Hts worries end 1 when Du Pont intro-' duces nioistureproof cellophane, which in turn helped to usher in the supermarket with its attractively packaged and pro tected foods, in another scene, a madcap musical trio ^ of women salutes ``freon'* propellents, ; which gave birth to the aerosol industry, . Working push buttons on spray cans topped with whistles, the women swing into an offkey tune. Whereupon one spray can rebels, covering its handler with a foamy lather. The woman's distraught look turns to pure IeI#hllTCjIfhifigl'r when' shelicks ''''her' lips''' .. and., .discovers,. ..rHuIierscoteb..!"...................... ..... Ai.the.. 1.M9.40.World!*...-Fair,.Du. Pont. announced nylon. This year the company will unveil another exciting contribution to fashion; "Corfam" poromcric upper mate rial for footwear, ..................... , . Fashions in apparel, will, share Ihe spot light. Predict ions .of .styles to. come, this . summer and next year-will be.made by four noted designers, Donald Brooks of Townley, Oleg Cassini, David Kidd of Arthur Jablow, and Ceil Chapman. Clothing will capitalize on Ihe.. properties .of Du Pont . ..fibers: n y.Ion,.. 1 `Orion '. .acrylic,.. "Dacron polyester, "Lycra" spandex and "Antroii" "nylon,............................................................. Audiences will end their Du Pont visit ' In a product arena where demonstrators will present a fast-moving show of "chem ical magic." One example of the surprises planned will be a plain piece of fabric which, dipped into a solution, emerges as an American flag. The trick lies in Du Pont selective dyes applied to the cloth before hand and activated by the solution. In a demonstration of heat resistance, a narrator will walk about a stage carrying n red-hot rivet. Visitors will discover that its hand is shielded by a paper-thin, sheet of `TipersuF fibrous potassium titanate. In. addition, the company has lined up an elegant white mink coat to register another product's advantage: the nocuirip property of-.."Ttieite"...wall-paint,...The. coat..will servo " *' irclrop-clotii "while ir 'demonstrator 'stund-" "trig' 'over'"'if"confidently "splatters "dark"blue" paint.on n"wooden..punch.............................. Several major products will also figure prominently outside Du Font's own build ing, For example, 14 room settings in the Pavilion of 'Americau Interiors will feature carpets' of DuPont 501 nylon,'plus up holstery, 'draperies and furniture' cushion ing of "Dacron". The House of Good Taste, an exhibit of outstanding architecture and decor, will include upholstery and wall covering prod ucts of the Du Pont Fabrics and Finishes "Dept.'Du'Pont'paint will also' protect tip ' exhibit's'' house ' of tomorrow. ' Lending added excitement to the Fair will be an array of amusements including a .lavish ice show, a 90-minute review of American musical comedy and "Les Poupces tie Paris," tin hour-long puppet show. Rides will abound. Among them will he "shooting the nip ids" in a hollow log, a monorail, and a simulated helicopter that rises 100 feel. The entire World's Fair will be seen from the Swiss Sky Ride, gondola cars winging on cables 112 feet overhead. Although riders will look down on a sp.vtndi: i.j-it iisIon'Iy''''two' years,"''they will""' lease will:...a.permanent legacy: belter un-.... ..derstonding...among:peoples of,the.world,,M.. David Carts-, a Brown aide, puts members of Du Font cast through an original dunce step. 18 Qa.aliUj aerosols powcn-d hjf ut* rmif' jvml Jana hoik n'iih H-oatVil mui trlfh such nnlad hoir stulis!,--. as Enrico Carasit /%! 9:4.`> sharp every Monday mom in;;, a / V hex y el' ilia world's mosi pja mot oils women eon verves on an iniiiiipostti!?, bnnvtthume row house on New York's busy Hast Imli Slice!. Ail equally conservative bine canopy leadini; lo the (louse's basemeill-level door way tells why; die canopy's white insoripIion reads, "hnneo ('amso, Panucliierre." I .oo.seIy translated from Italian, "pamidiierre" means hair stvlisl, and Hnrieo ( aruso is recognized as one of (lie world's most talented l lie beauteous women iluek iin: to hi, srdoii are lle reignim: queens of innddim.'. each earning tuoi i: ilian SMJ.ODt) aiiintally. (`aniso's Monday artistry pie pans 1 lurtii lor the wed.'s heefie posimi tor magazines and telex isiini. Caruso's week, likewise, gains in tempo as it p) ogresses, 1 lis crammed appoint imml hoof logs ueoesses, social (us and promi nent hiisinesswomeii u lin'd rasher be slrick- eii from Jl'lto'.- Wh,i (ban go to another hairdresser. Moreover. Cuoixo spend, two das, each week aw six from bis salon, styl ing hair for IV comma i via Is ,md adwrflsing si ills, | he res u 11 i.s ilia! whether w-il go (o liroadxxa\ shows nr supper chibs. die tunics or sit as l onte wuiciitnti telex i,-.ion, von II we his handiwork. (.'aitiMi lias been successful in the Iradi lioDiillx licklc wield of fashion am. _da.ii or because be never imposes a preeon- m wnwwvu ceived style of hair on anyone. His phil obviously holding il l he re. It doesn't make osophy is to sculpture a woman's hair to hair feel gummy or tacky and it permits you .suit..her..fuce-und..personality,..and ....never... ..to....comb...or....restylc ..without-losing .the. curl,. .merely -t o -go - tl o n g- with-styt i ng -crazes,........... ...... -'A-good-spray-aiso -comes out-of the can. ......"A "flair trend"" or" fad..usually..fails.from... ..iiT""H""flne,"'evcn..mist scrtljat.it" 'covers" com ' favor q utcil'y Cariiso ex plains. "Thus it ..plelely;.And"!rbolils'best" when..it dries"on fad-follower must continually change her contact, with the hair." hair, sometimes from bad to worse. This kind of performance is most likely, "Most fails give hair an. unbelievable Caruso says, when hair-holding agents are -look. Either every hair is-precisely, and un sprayed, by "Freon" propellents, "Freon" naturally in place.'or tresses arc wild and provides the- push-button energy needed to "woolly and look like the hairdresser used propel ininote, rapidly drying particles; 'trimming scissors missing some: teeth," Moreover, "Freon" is loaded into aerosol . By contrast, Caruso believes that a wom cons as a liquefied gas; thus a spray's par- an's hair should look alive--like it be tide size, drying time and pressure are the longs to her. He explains; "Hair must same from the first lo the last squirt. appear soft and free,-It must move naturally "Any "top-notch hair- spray is a precise as a 'woman' moves her..fiend," Xt mustn't ' Mend-of holding-agents and a solution of appear to'be glued and pasted down or look '"`Freon* and .alcohol,"'explains A. H. Law "like'a'mass'of 'fine,' bent wires plopped'on ' rence, Du'Pont" sales manager for "Freon" her head." . propellents, `The `Freon' and alcohol mix- Thus, once Caruso styles hair, lie uses a lure determines the fineness of the mist and high-quality linir spray to keep his work its drying time. Too much alcohol, for ex manship intact but. not glued. "Some hair ample, leads to wetter, slower-drying sprays. sprays make even the most 'natural looking `Sometimes, in an effort to cut produc 'hair'style look unreal," he says, "A good tion costs, manufacturers try to substitute :spray, however, keeps hair in place without certain solvents for Freon' or water for alcohol. But in either case, the spray be comes coarse and takes longer to dry. For tunately. most manufacturers have concen trated -on- quality - and..they're - being re-- warded" by-ir booming market;".................... ....Hair "Spray sales' totaledrsome 270" mil-" lion cans in 1963; this was 18 times the sales 10 years ago and double those for I960. Currently, hair sprays account for 25 per cent of retail aerosol sales, in addition, hair spray lust year outsold -such other suc cessful push-button products as shave lathers three to one and aerosol colognes and perfumes about live to one, "It's the old story of build tug a better mousetrap," smiles Du Punt's Lawrence. "Most' early sprays depended on a per fumed solution of shellac to hold hair in place. Women tried them and complained that'they made hair stiff, gummy, difficult to comb and unnatural looking. "However, manufacturers have steadily improved their products' holding agents, and the climbing sales curve shows that women are discovering these changes. The trend indicates there's evert greater success ahead for hair sprays,"  -i. I:..- v-c .n-mci 'l -.4-T- i-"-4: :.-Jv44 :tdCiM:D;Sw-a :::;::A :i*:va5i:K*. i m ,jt i i m.. _.../ jp j m \.. r . m, m m m *j i r\._ uTrthm TFh'-'ihiOfacarhon rcwn* hrln (urvspacc eng-hircrx avhim high fH'riorwanve and reda /hfii die X-.'>*) Airaconiet raced off the rurirt ;i>. at a secret [csl base at M! 11.>c Cali I. on l in' inornin;; of October I, I U,t1. Ihc IDS. chic rail the jel age. I ir:,i jel-propelleil plane ties-ruler.' and huiii i11 Ameiicn, (lie Bell X-V> startled ex perts wiili its initial teat lliglii petformaiice: -.<)() r-ipli al 40.01)0 leet, Toda\. lhe Airacoinct's successors tly (oar limes is Iasi ami ?.' rimes as high: I lies cans mull ipks Ion pas loads and are equipped v. il:i complete radar venoms. Their hi" brothers, the I fH)-l !-.>11is jel ir; nsl(*n>., win;.; acioss eonliiienls at speeds approaching dial ol sound, while passerigeis feast on gourmet dinners and view she latest i lollye. isul movies. 1u ; clawe sued performum/e, modern jet-, fetpiiie exticindv complex electronic circttil ry. Wilfi octet nal plane diiiici.sinus silt ink in;.;. Diaiisil aclui'ei s of mililaiy air- cfall liail to iirid ways lo decrease I he si/e or bulk) wire bundles without sacrilieing pot lormaiiei! or reliability. l-'or example, McDonnell Aircraft ( orp.'s Phantom II lighter requires 10'; miles of cleeimnic wiring. the problem: there isn't enough room in the piano's airframe to praei icably accommodate sue It a la rue quaniity. Ilngineus at the Si. I on is-bused compart; round the : mover in a smaller diameter I lookup wire w ish the still te voltaye am! current ratings as normal airframe wire. However, ii lacked the mechanieai lotighness rei|iiired with high internal wir ing. density. After- investigating various materials, Mcl 'Mnricli decided on a "Tollon" `i I I;- lluoroearhoii resin as primary iusulmlon for ilie basic hookup wire. lo insure maximum mechanieai protec tion. a braid cf ''Dacron'' polyester liber V til was woven over the wire bundle. The outer jacket was then impregnated with a fluoro carbon dispersion. The result was compact wire harnesses with less' bulk, greater compatibility with miniature hardware/and improved resist ance to chaiing, abrasion and heat. And according to McDonnell officials, the new harnesses have tested out to be five times tougher than a primary insulation of great er'thickness, ' "In addition to a one-third-diuineter re duct ion in bundle size, the'new harnesses have cut our wiring, maintenance and in spection times in half," a company spokes man points out. "Also, the low frictional airframes. We cart even slip a single wire from the harness if necessary, And when repairs or splices are needed, a soldering gun c-.iii he used to cm torough the outer polyester j;ickei without 1c;r oi heal dam age id lhe primary 1 Mi iitseialitni." McDonnell assembles some of it.-, cornjniet wire bundles o.i ihrec-daneindtiial layd u i boards thin simulate the shapes liatnesses will lake in I lie eireral: and allow lor proper wire length around hi nils and Iw Ms. Wire lengths in l he Phauloiit If vary I nun K inc hes to 40 feet, veil:i as many as 1JOU wires in a bundle, A rundown on inet'eased eqnipmesil, payle>ail and operational c.ipubiliue:, shows is in this lii;>|i-|-)i.nvei'ed jet neeih dti.lino feet more wiring (hail il.s predecessor, the 1 -115 J Voodoo, I he I'hattluin II is ; fwo-tmnt. twin-jet lighter I hid can fly at speeds above I ,<>!)() niph. or below 21 Ml mph for ground sitoi>oit purposes. It has been clocked from a dead slop (<> hS.niKl feel in less than sis minutes. 1 he versalile :iireiit(i eati carry umisuallv heavy loads of atr-u>-*iri.iuuit ami air lo-nir weaponry; its advanced radar sys!em permits long-range targe! detection and airotnalie I racking under all weal her con ditions, day or night, i .mg-Temco-Voughl eiy.iiieers at Dallas were laced with similar wiring prybletlia oti another high-performance jet fighter, the F8U-2N Crusader, Equipped with all weather radar, automatic pilot, and in creased armament, the F8U-2N required up to twice as much electric wiring as some earlier Crusaders. To achieve more com pact harnesses, Ling-Temco-Vought Jewel ' a new hard-harness wiring system in ^wire^jnsulatcdj with "Teflon'' ' TF '.rains. ore encased in a ri cover of resin-impregnated plastic. ThiLs. stidciike, uh,a. ,,r.dl coated wiring harness can be molded into struetural contours inside' tile aircraft. It conventional harnesses, . . : The hard-harness system, according to Li ng-Tcmco-Voitgh t, has reduced wire breakage, elmfing and crowded installa tions; it requires minimum maintenance, is abrasion-resistant anti" "represents a con siderable weight" savings. With heat., resistance, a major, require ment in the electronics-packed Crusader, Ling-Temco-Vought engineers turned to "Teflon" TFE resin for use in the hard har ness, "We needed a material that wouldn't wilt when used in the *hof portions of the plane,*' says one engineer. "The wire in sulated with `Teflon' was rated for con tinuous operation at 3*I2*F. This is much emumunl 23 etmlimmi higher than the 250* F. rating of the con ventional airframe wiring previously used, "Also, the wire has a very large current ..... overload''Capacity.'"Becausethey ifre'closely' .... packed,"'he' adds,' "adjacent 'wires'act "as a' ......heat] sinl'Tor] atiy wtreJhaL]sjtibject''fpjt. temporary current overload." On active duty with the II.S, Fleet, the F8U-2N Crusader gives the Navy "near Much 2" carrier-based defense capabilities. Revised lighting systems, improved Instru mentation anti push-button controls that perform many of the pilot's routine "talks*' (.holding altitude, holding ahead, etc.) al low for greater concentration on mission. In commercial jet transports as well as military aircraft, the demand for high per " formance anti increased'reliability hasre- " suited in' complex circuitry' requiring great, lengths'of wiring, .... The Boeing Co.'s new 72? short-haul jetliner, for example, colls for about 51 miles of wiring. Most of this is general- purpose bootup v ire insulated with a " I chon ' ITT resin. Says otic Hiici tg oflicittl at tlie Seattle licadquaikTs: "I lie new wiring with `Tellon' weighs less arid is more resistant lo high teinperiiluivs; it lias betlci obtusion resist ance and rci|ti res ,cs> spttee titan earlier l\pcs ol wiring iisis1. We're using quite a bit lor black-box work and conventitina.I. hookups as well as in imiltieonduetor bun dle systems.'* ........ .Smallest ami most 'ersattle member of Boeing's jet latntlv, the 727 i.\ designed to bring jet sen ice to dozens ol' cities pre viously In passe.I due to short-field capabil ities, I lie riev. 'I-tailed transport hikes off in less than halt the rtinv.ay icqulred for bigger planes; with a unis' ui up to 2,000 miles, ii carries from ~t> to 1 10 passengers til speeds up to (it)i) mplt. With products like 'T cfbri' TIT7 resins helping to advance modern aerospace lech- tioiogy, new laics ol remarkable perform ance feats come pouring out of jet pilot reads rooms throughout I he world. Perhaps the most as tori.shim: story came from a N.nv pilot slat ioneri near N a [lies, fluty, who reported h look Ills I ;N(! Cru sader up to an altitude of 5.000 feel, re mained shift for 24 mi miles, dien made a sntoolh landing. It was routine except for one thing-- the jet's wings were folded all the time.  vowjiinj-mtHih'd tniueex xif/y vosjlji s Ii-j k hi in/ nticrt ore Shu t.\ Y. r I The small box w;islet! lor days to hear 1 what local Mild was going to he llie 'hiyae.st M.i.sl ever" in the Newton Falls Ore Pit. Slill no lunini, Hnallv in' strode bravely up to 11 ic l)n I'oni e,\plo-.ives representative. ''When's it uotnu to he'."" he demanded. "it's all over, son.'' the man sa'nl. "We shot it this tnornir;.:.'' A 4 tili11 i,ni-s IIhie- i\>ot hole h;n) brcii blasted in the land l:ed oh the Adirondack Mountains' famous iron ore deposit, Yet lew heard the shot, anil fewer had tell it. The villagers missed not only a spectacle bill a maim expel iment Hi open pit mining !>y Jones A 1 .iuiiililin Steel Corp.'s New York Ore Divj.sam, tv 11 icli supplies 22 per cent of the ore consumed In1 J\l 2s furnaces. I radiiionaliy. in;i.i.motite anti manite iron ore is blaslctl from the quart ylil.e open nip. ill a series ul small sections. "Such cuitsen- lional cuts tire made ill a scries ol small stio s, tan tut: in size from a lew hundred ions ol ore at flu- lop oi Hie ramp tu .,1'A'tni tons at the lower, t ceper part," explains R. t.i. Meek, manager ot IXi "s New York Ore Division. "Al this rate, it takes eight cycles of drilling. blasting and digging to mine a I()()>.n( 10-foot area to a depth of 48 feel." ' The operation is tedious and time-con suming, and for years mine operators have sought ways to reduce the steps required, "We decided that if we could blast the en tire working area in one shot, great ell- '"deneies" "would..result'.''For..example,..we" '"wouldn't have io' repeat,eti iy moye our d rills, .shovels,..trucks, and.. pumps. ...in... .and... .om.of the pit." But the depth the I&L men contemplated hod never been opened by one shot in a mining operation. Thus the mine operators and the I00x600-foot blast area staked out. Wind direction, velocity and temperature affect sound propagation, so ML set up regular communications with the North east Weather Service, Bedford, Mass.,' to acquire timely weather data. . Vibration engineers were .called, in., and. tost blasts conducted to insure that vibra tion would tie below the level that might damage nearby houses. Crews poor' free-running Pttilctol 1 into 56- foot-cleep holes to supplement main explosive. the blast area had 12 holes drilled to a i-anttnurd 27 iivj'nl) ui !>l) I a-t: i bu rcm;irrnit.'r ol the patu t i: faulted out in row. ol 7 holes each. ;-< lix'i deep. httu lilt; iloka, Jill, loaded u total of 2 I H. UiO psMimh t>! I >M I'nul cvpiosiv Os \ i vpieai Idas! hole was loaded will) 14 cans ol "Mi.ninsW 711. IVliclol I mid ilu'ee "Nitt anii'in' primers. "I he holes sve: e lopped ol" V, (Sh 22 J'ct.'t of slottnniltg. "NitrumeV" 211 Canned blasting agcul was vdt.vlcd as ilte workhorse because of its J.jgli water resistance arid density: many <> I he eh,-i men remained in die giouinf lor o'. l T a Month. In aildilion to ils birth den :dty i I.X gm, ee. I. """Niliaiiiex"' 211 tins ex ception,il Urne-tesicii qualities for shooting it hard material. Wulrrprool. Irec-nmnnig IVIIc Uj ! I poiovil lino lbo holes aipp eeiciiled die nuua charge and liiieti llie anintlar ..pace between the can ami borehole wail. V\"ater-reslstant "Nitcanioii" primers, de signed especially io! eel ting of" explosive clr.sigc:-; in cane, were pu: it) the holes. "Ih iitiaenrd" mini, lines w lilt 'I'nimieor d" MS-'I connect or*, v, e i e nltueh.al lo (he prittier:-.: these were the connecting links itn all charges arul provided ilie slton interval tleiaf it rid!.; system foi the Maxi. When all hob's view tilted ami the weatlt or i epulis indicated l.icttr.ible ,i.inospiierie conditions loi binding. MW cl earns I lbs* area ol ot|iiipmonl and pc 'sound ft r a half mile aruuml. Wotinectto is were checked atid tied togrliie!. id cr\ one was read)'. At I a.tn , die signal lo lire was evin. I rest (enilis til" tt .\t'cornl later. Pie b'.M \t.is oter. The ehare.es in die I 2-hole eerie liretl siniiilr.iileimslv. f'oilow ed In succeed- tut! rot's ol w-tt'ti hides cat'll at mm'-milli- seeiii'itl irile. vals, I lie coiiihinatien ol (lie delay brine ami deeper center boreholes iDived ltie- broken rock toward the middle i*: (he blast urea, i tie rcwfll was lit, l dte ore itil'ble set led in u 5 A - fo.;t-hi tt li ceitler '`much pile' deelii>!in> to 20 fool depres sions at hot it ends. i be liai'tl. mos.dlic ore shaiteied. leav tip no large honlcci .> in dte main aiea. \dbra- lion arul noise 'were negligible. I'lyieg ruck wax minimal. 2\ stun t pump 2!l;l feel I rum die blast area, b;u r icatteti lor pro;eel ion. remained untouched. liie -.hovels ting, down an incline ol hre ken rock lo form a lOatl It) (he nil's Ik M- loili. .12.1 It.ill to.pccfctl Ihe blast to \ ide 215.00(1 toils ol" lire. Instead, >'!),()!)(! ntjis were netted because tiyerbrenk on the side:, ot dte Idas! area was heller dnin expeCK'd, "This Masting method prosed to u> ilioi a gre i! deal of lime ami money is sated in a oiH'-sliO! lif'ertilitui," Meek so it'. "b ineiil.ilfoi! was excellent so wc list! a (lig.lt shovel pt oditeik ily in digging. We plan io repeal die procedure this spring. "Wind's more, with the noise, ", ibralieni and th 1'nel; ininiiui/ed. the bias! wa.s a i'll b! ic relalious `.uecess. Whs, if vou vse'en'l expecting il. you wouldnl ovri know ills' shot had been ijreii.'' It ivm the most breath less cmmlmelw>i nett edu 1c in textile history. Sudd Pamiel to DuPont, we need an, INSTANT I* VIM JOB FOB AN INSTANT PLANT llhrhsi'lin-, SX Jusi a year ago. the 1.100 acres comprised merely number parcel of field* and woods in Ihe pleasant, rolling emirtlry surrounding this (lie in fee C'ih iiiIv town. five months and eight day; laler, the land had been cleared, leve'ed and dominated by I lie enor mous, busting SI5 million Magnolia Fin ishing Plant of Paco I el Industries, Inc. Today the tnmsilton is cited widely as something very special by way of iinhislrial cousin ction. linginecrs, for example, see il as a dramatic demons!ration of the speed with which corporate forces can conceive and build when necessary", politicians and economists hall it as an illustration ul" Iree enterpriseV; creative flexibility; textile ex ecutives consider it to be a 3H.i,fMK)-xi|ua!vloot technological landmark. :: ic )i i:: ij11;; \ j j . : j; . j>:. <i >.* n i mg, ran the report, with eonlimted prowl h in pros peel. If, went the Ittidings, cunt inittnts chemical prove*, met hints could be itteoi (Hittiled into a plant or Itnlslting these labne.s, and il such ,t plant cut till he hut It and operating helot e fait. Dee ting Milliken could take advantage of the growing mar ket by introducing new fabrics front a new plant just in tittle to meet the demand* of apparel inanitl adorers a in till!.', at tite i hint market. K tit speed Was impel taut til the highly competitive fabric market. All right, said I'luolei management, lei's give it ilie old school tty. In "forced dralt" construction protects, lime is customarily saved by bringing tra il) tonal maietials and de*ign concepts into play. Hut on the Magnolia job there were An- t eteguiK* is given tu cmrimee urea ui new ivtusniinu rimsning riant by iiower beta, grail, 29 ..lions..prevailing..in . the..processing..areas?... What equipment finishes would best stand... unusually demanding exposure and design up tinder ihese same conditions? How could conditions; anti (2) they would have to lie traditionally time-consuming painting pro specially formulated--on site, more often grams be interlaced with accelerated con than not--so as to be applied In stages' struction' schedules?'How best to"'achieve while:construction went on all around. Con 'the most; efficient, durable'finishes without sequently, "the' paint specialists ' specified :compromising esthetics? The questions kept "Corlar" enamel, a tough, catalyzed.epoxy coming without letup. finish- that provides a chemical-resistant, The engineering department of Peering tilelike surface, Witll and ceiling areas, Milliken Service Corp., which hod con- they decided, should have an application of (acted Du Ponds Engineering Dept for ad high build gray, followed by one of the vice' on construction materials. Was' coun special colors' as a topcoat ..... seled; to check,; with Du"'Font's Fairies and The 'Decring Milliken'Service' Corp. col- -.Finishes - Dept for, .answers to., the., paint... Tor.; consulttitit was provided".with hundreds' problems. The initial consultation, with of color chips, from which he selected 49 F&F sparked a blaze of collaboration that, Du Pom Custom-Color hues. Quantity re 'ultimately raced through every branch of quirements for individual colors to go on Du Pont paint technology, from research both plant and equipment varied from a to field sales service. single gallon to several hundred gallons. :Du Font's industrial maintenance fin While Du Pont labs and manufacturing fa ishes men saw the problem as basically cilities 'began work on the large-volume lots,"tie color consultant"'look samples of the standard shades erf "Codor" into his own laboratory to work out mathematical formulas to achieve the colors needed in small volumes. At the plant site,'where Daniel Construc tion Co. had its many its 2.200 employees working a 24-hour schedule, paint crews moved in as soon as prestressed concrete sections went into place. But almost im mediately there was a problem: a release agent used on the concrete molds reduced primer coat adhesion. Samples of this com pound were flown to Du Font's Marshall Laboratory in Philadelphia, where techni cians established a solvent that would re move the release agent from the concrete prior to a pot i call on of the primer. Adhe sion thus assured, one coat of Du Pont vinyl plastic masonry block primer was suf ficient to fill surface voids in the cement block walls. A subsequent coal of "Corlar" i' an, almost 'liosyjitul-tllu* up v.-ar e nl" eormlurs in plant's ollice is was achieved by cJmi'iiinaltiiK -i-sti'iirlisiii nialt'rials, paint enamel m high build gray would prepare the surface for a final coal of "(. 'orl.tr" in one or inu.e of the special colors. Ad went well until painters began ap plication of" the filial coal of while on ceil ings. Using a mixture of equal parts of catalyzed epoxy white and aetivalor, ap plied by airless spray which produces eliieietil one-coal hiding, panders found that wet fallout I'roiii the spray belaboi cd wm 1. men installing machinery on the floor be low. Application engineers decided the only way U> pains willioi.il inicrmptins; ittachiti cry insiallation was to fall back on Cornell ttonal air-spray, fogging on an initial coat of while, then lelm ning another day to foe. on tiie second coni. * If to time-consuming, schedule overseers i tiled, since scaffolding for ceiling painting would have to be mover anil later re el reeled. All hands looked at the Du Pont industrial maintenance ted; rept ewnt.nive. ".Any suggest toils?" the Dit Pont man asked his C'hicago laboratory. (. Idea go had I be answer: a new lonmtlation in which six parts of '"C'orlaf'" epoxy timed wj IIi one part ol a new acl ivalor pan vidctl a single-con finish with improved hiding power and dry overspray. With just two crisscross passes ol I lie spray gun, (lie new material gave a lifelike finish ih.nl climiiialcd die need lot a sceoml coat. "J his post r hnij no mure limit subs iced when another cropped up. The paitilitig contractor was ready lo apply ihc topcoat colors bill could not locale equipment that would accurately measure tire various win ponems of the color lommlnx. Du I'ou came tip with a va rial ion ol* its aistom colot mixing, machine based tipun use of specially calibrated paint canisters that would dispense precise amotmts of color at increments as small as one-sixty-lniirlh ol an ounce. I * achieve the exact colois spec iLed bv tile color con.-atltaal, litt Pont in dustrial niainleitaiiee sates pirsunnef used tile device to mix the lines on die job sin*. Ilia painting,, like other programs, is over now-'. Sonic 35(1 men and women arc on the U-shaped pioduction line which is designated to finish up to dtice million yards of fabrics i( week. Ami. although it had never hoi ore. operated a luiislitiig plant. I'aeolel I tidusliies is he mg cited tor wluit one industry observer desen lies as "a per fect blending, within the boundary ol" ex isting knowledge and maieriat ol .ntilditu1 machinery and people. ' tine of llie people is Herb Morion, man age i ol" the southern sales -egion for Du I'ont's Uabncs and bin slies Dept. I or him. the Magnolia job represents "one of Ihc Ite.sl workouts sve'v-c hail in a Ions: lime." Adds he. with att ill-disguised air ot satisfaction: "Sort of a l..ng-sized, in stant pa j nl jr'h, so to speak? HI  lotto* fitting hosiery: "Cantrccc" rty Ion, a new monofilament textile fiber, ha; been developed by Du Pont for improver fit and comfort in women's stockings, A totally different yarn with a special self . crimping, property, "Oantreee"..gives ho: sicry a la\lim; resilience dial reduces stress si ruin and w rinktiim. .Soli ami luxurious u the much. ''Ciuuivce" is available in 1: tieiiier iiumnlilaiiieiil liHer lor leg varus am 45 denier lor well yarns. New liir liimi i nrr; "Dacron'' 7(> poly ester liherlill hutting fui use in upholsterer furniture is now available from Du Punt 1- ngtneered for use ever spring units, antis (racks and etbci inner constructions, tin new product -s otiered in either cotiven- (tonal or needle-punched hutting. Hails ol "Dauuif 7n pun itle ease ol handling, re duced waste and improved resistance t< malting. - Mmltfed -milk eases! "Tetfa Basket", c strong, lightweight plastic delivery cast that nests 18 ha If-pint Tetra Pali contain ers of milk, is offered by Miiliken Teira Pak, Spartanburg, S.C. Molded of "Alathon" polyethylene resin, the "Tetra Basket" weighs only two pounds, yet withstands rough treatment and is unaffected by tem perature extremes. Longer lasting tiller: Available for use by the paint, varnish and lacquer industries in final filtering operations is a new all plastic filter that' helps' reduce"replacement costs.' Made by Technical'Fabricators, Inc,, .Nutley,.INJ., filter, can lie dismantled ..so that only outer screen need be replaced. Piping core of "Vexar" plastic netting and end plugs resist corrosion, can be reused many times. II A tun Jew ail seasons: Fabor Sun-Bath ing Capsule of "Lucite'* acrylic monomer permits year-round tanning, keeps away dust, dirt and sand. Designed for use wher ever ihe sun shines, capsule is available from Fabor Robison (Productions, Inc., Burbank, Calif., .in durable, lightweight models for easy transportation and storage. Accessory for safely; The Remote Cell Adapter, a new extension, device for use with the Du Pont 900 Differential Thermal Analyzer, makes possible the DTA study of materials where protective shielding or operation in a fume hood is required. Ac cessory also permits dry box analysis of extremely moist tire-sensitive materials. Colorful, colorfast easement: New Linford Casement fabric of "Orion" acrylic fiber is color-styled with "Savalux" dyes for outstanding fastness to sunlight and laundering. Sheer, yet opaque enough to insure privacy, fabric by Cohn-Hall-Marx, New York, is available in a wide range of fashion colors. Colorful Conversation The talk at the table is all about color. Color on color. Color on white. It's a meeting of the Du Pont Color Council, a cross section of spe cialized talents blending ideas from the fields of dyes, graphic arts, printing, selling, advertising and promotion. Organized six years ago by the Du Pont Dyes and Chemicals Division, the Council set out to dramatize the power of color. It first produced "Color on Colored Paper Criteria." With this basic data, designers and printers can now accurately predict and control printing on colored stock. Later the Council issued "White Paper Criteria," analyzing the variations in the hundreds of available white papers and enabling the trade to reduce paper inventories. Periodically, Council members meet in shirt-sleeves with represent atives of some 30 paper mills. Out of these sessions have come com plete new linesof colored papersaswell asideas for better presentation and promotion of established lines. The Council also bats up suggestions for imaginative uses of paper in a series of publications called "Design and Colored Paper," and publicizes similar ideas through advertising in trade journals. Its work exemplifies the many services--whether colorful or just plain technical--that Du Pont provides to the industries it serves. cijifp BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY