Document b5KQQEZakOzreakMN00wXmMnk

FILE NAME: Union Carbide (UC) DATE: 1965 Sept 21 DOC#: UC029 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Report - Particulate Matter in Air - with Cover Letter Mr. D. C. ffi l la rd Building 8-96-2 E Q. Hull, ll.D. A p ril 28, 1967 Particulate Matter in Air Asbestos Dust P r o je c t No. IH-PAR-76-6T Dear Dont As per our telephone conversation today, I an attaching a resume of our determinations of dust breathed by the employees while cutting and installing "kale" insulation. We feel that further air sampling is needed to give you more meaningful conelusiehs as to the best protection for the employees handling this material. v 9 At your convenience, we will be glad to discuss these findings with you. In the meantime, if you would keep us informed of jobs pertain ing to cutting, installing and removing "kayle" insulation, it would be helpful in scheduling the air sampling work. B ert Murray / S '- ' S - f ? DISTRIBUTION: Mr. Peter Barna Mr. J. N. Dermit C, U. Dernehl, M.D. E. Q. Hull, M.D. Mr. N. H. Ketcham Hr. R. J. Murphy Hr. R. A. Neal Mr. R. E, Peele Hr. V. C. Seguin R. J. Sexton, M.D. Mr. F. J. Sheets Mr. Fred Williams General Foremen's Office PARTICULATE MATTER IN A IR Dust Breathed by the Employees While Cutting and Installing "Kaylo" Insulation Plant-wide Survey - Plant 514 Authors: H. H. Warwick B. L. Murray Date: September 21, 1965 Project No.: IH-1G-65 Doctor Hull, Plant Medical Director, requested a plant-wide industrial hygiene study to determine the potential exposure of insulators to asbestos f.oer oust concentrations. Table I gives the results of seven separate tests, including 24 breathing zone level air samples end shows on average concentration of 5.2 million particles per cubic foot of air. A threshold limit value" of 20 mppcf of air has been suggested.^ When three employees, or less, hand-cut and apply "Kaylo" insulation, the concentration of dust is considered safe from tho health standpoint; however, with 6 men the dust count exceeds the TLV. It is at this phase of the operation that exhaust ventilation should be used. Excessive dust concentrations con be expected when the insulation is removed from piping and tanks. Again, exhaust venti lation should be used to move the dust away from the employees, If possible; otherwise, respirators are advised. "Kaylo" insulation contains 12 to 13% asbestos and 5.6 to 7.4% crystalline-free silica.2 This material is received in block and pipe form and the insulator measures and marks the material into appropriate sizes and cuts It with a hand saw. The insulation material is wired Into position around the tank or pipe. The tasks of cutting and apply ing the "Kaylo" insulation are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The air samples were collected with a midget implnger and a Uni-jet ccmpler, drawing 0.1 cubic foot of air per minute through impinger flasks containing 10 milliliters of distilled water. Dust counts, made by tho Light Field Microscopic Counting Technique, appear in Table I. This study has revealed that further research work is needed to: 1. Attain on established figure for the "threshold limit value". 2. Utilize ezhaust ventilation to remove the dust from the work area. 3; Determine live particle size of the 83be3tos fiber where tho oust count exceeds 5 mppcf. 4. Obtoin Range Finding Tests on animals exposed to different percents of asbestos fiber. 5. Continue our plant-wide study in support of those conclusions. 1. Cook, V/urren A., and Poole, Robert E., Lottor doted February 12, 1962 Ina University of Michigan School of Public Health. 2. Iccio, R. E., Industrial Ilyglcno Survey - Construction Insulation Shop. Building 511-2010. Report 62-IH-l-G-l (March 21, 1962). TAME I PARTICULATE MATTER IN A IR Dust Breathed by Employees While Cutting and Installing "Kaylo" Insulation Late 11-16-64 1-19-65 2-16-55 3-1-65 3-22-65 5-26-65 G-14-65 Sample ! Humber i 1 2 3 4 . 5 6 7 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IB 19 20 21 22 23 24 Sampling Conditions at Breathing Level Number of Employees Dust Count HPFCF (1) 5-min. cutting, 5-min. application 2 2.1 inside building Same 2 2.6 Some 2 1.7 7-min, cutting, 3-min. application 2 3.0 Cutting and application during 6 entire sampling period - inside building ' Same 6 Same 6 22.5 17.0 22.5 Seme 5 erne Application of insulation - no hand saw cutting Same 2 3.6 2 . 1.6 2 # 0.3 1 0.1 Cutting and application during 2 7.6 sampling period - outside building Same Same 2 2.4 2 4.0 Application of insulating - no 3 cutting - inside building Same ' 3 7-min. cutting; 3-min. application 1 1.9 13.0 7.3 Clean up of insulation from floor 2 0.0 sweeping and shoveling - inside bit g. Same 2 0.1 Same 2 2.5 Cutting and application during 2 1.0 sampling period - inside building Seme Same 2 5.0 2 2.5 Same 2 1.1 (l) Million portlelo3 per cubic foot of air. 1U-14-65 PARTICULATE MATTER IH A IR Dust Breathed by the Employees w hile C u ttin g and I n s ta llin g "Kaylo" In su la tio n P la n t-w id e S u rre y - P la n t 614 Figure 1. Sawing block sections. Breathing tone lerel sir sample being collected in the background. Figure 2. Applying insulation block. Breathing tone lerel air sample being collected in the foreground. ' i*:: A,'</ INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE EVALUATION AND SURVEY pr oj e c t m.;/ // Pete / / /. a Department f Time / * ' f ^ equested by ______________ ,,, Project rf: ri jj J Location_( r Reason '-Y/ ? 'r**v / '/ y- <, Bldg. No."J-> General Conditions: ..... / 6 -, 7 V M . / *. ./ 7^ / Sampling Method and Equipment ,v ? A - . , , A ,f/*i.fi Cs ;('J '.'** 7 -v ,, (' .' , , // ' 1. / -------------- Shift: Day __ Eve. Hid I ,, No, Employees Sampled by //*/'S f i ^ C Sample iNumber / Sampling Zone Time-Hin. / 'I Plow Rate UONCENIRATION C:.>>S/ >/rr Special Conditions <0.1 c.;s/{ "t'-+. <-/- /) _/ ' ^ '-,y ^*"; jr;rte./~ * ' .c./r<-../.' *-( ^ --c * v /y` / 7* /'> z.y O.la /5 ^ r ^ r' A. . -1 - /?> .0 ; y // 'f 0.? , A *'< ' 0 ' M > -. y /tj 2 y t.`f .Z 0.5 alculation: r /Y/ -- ), - 4 / y j y / <s <o./ c< * ^ ^ /* ^ ^ cm arks: , . / ,, / /a * /* / * ? j> V /A -------- 77Tf7~n*r / y; / r r ' ' <etch - See Reverse Side. Reference No. 7-/^ T Analyzed by C a ^'>VcW Date **.:::* ^ ^ .1 y J 2. rjt / PROJECT NO.y > t INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE EVALUATION AND SURVEY te Tine /'.'Tj ;act ,,ftti tY J / nartaent Requested by f General Conditions: /^v //V n f c/O' (2 f / ^ f/^/f Bldg^No./^ ijrvv JxL-* zs/r-fffeoyesf) J- Sampling Method and * d O___/_____ ^ Shift: Day Eve. \_L. -//r-''Z__ : `- y / ,j'r / ^ T No. Eop_oyee' *.+t e*r te ^ Sampled by /$///1</- -C g.C Remarks: Skotch - Sec Reverse Side. Reference No. JNj)10 Analyzed by Q n ______ Date 4-/S_ J .........<. u / ... o .iC /^ 1 ^ 7 Dr-. T. J. Hall Unien Carbide Europa 40, Rue Du Rhone 1211 Geneve 3 kS)1/tlLOIjd A. A. Dear To .i: I have reviewed the report, Asbestos . Hazard In The United Kingdom", prepared by v. "*' and in general I find that it is reasonably uu-b o-ff I do not attach very much importance to the cat on the incidence of asbestosis and death from asbes ros.wo and cancer because these are merely tabulations of ev ents and do not take into consideration the nur.be*->* of people who were subjected to the possibility of the ov occurring. Vie had been interested in the possibility ahat the short fiber Coal Inga produce have a greater nazasv. than the morn conventional ..'or..a; os' asbestos r>-,.n.- sub-micron silica has boon known to cause a ruixi.-.....;/ progressive silicosis after exceedingly brief exposure. Vie viere concerned about whether the Coalinga. material with its exceedingly fine fibril diameter might have a similar effect in causation of asbestosis. i/e theref ore made some preliminary studies in which the material was injected into the belly cavity of guinea pigs, rats and rabbits and also was injected intratrachealy by a method which distributes the asbestos throughout the Johns Manvl11c fo purposes of comparison. in the in jection study the>vCoallnga refined fiber produced the most severe reaction in the belly cavity, v.'hereas the , T r s [.'anville fiber were es tandard fiber S .entially .V/Ar'*N-* and less severe. In the injection ; fibers caused a more s :udy in the lesion, the^r Johns Manvilx conclusion wo fibe jas intermediate and tne I'l 00 V least eactive. The only crude tes" tha. OTi i/iO.i- 's - - . .a W n f i t may be more wn.... is possibx' L V r asbasaos in. Shat it W ardono to use W 'abbestosis, at an earxy t m x -- expo:. cart: V.(-r- the b I'ii..11 O:: vtest Ion was raised wn: _.M vaVlTi,-d.- ... J-'j ,aL.;'-.'u,co..noid c .j 'x.H>r cubic. foot,, vr"/'e,rov ---e,:-.--a value is stxix cor- Limit value. x 0 ^ ,, - ,, r t h e disease, ai^Oo-oo-x*. H H ecu in btx.,* -. * nshestosis occurring b....onu hheerree iis noo evviiddence ooif aoDoSetnov^ir-o-n-m-e-nt. Mw-rhtCe>rr,,e, rt.rh.ee^ _ people w h o _have worsen -i the Threshold ninxt . concentration v'a" '^''^million particles per cu. It is problem .-a. i for the prevention ox foot will not oc a-;?IPno tdea vfnat concentration mesothelioma.^ nx..ln^ this disease and I w o u i a ^ ^ he effective in uxoVcno-.^ _ riillion particles pc- wonder whether even a ' this regard. cubic foot would DO fciiCClxVt - _ Finally, ^y.'oulcl -~n/ir`i*nnnable 3'.DpOi 0 my R^ earch council for ^ the request of the standard sample of asoestoi standards. .0 .,,xvi be helpful to you, if you C a n I hope cP.xo^. . ^ -j 30 iet me know, any further qucoxo*.o P-c * Very truly ytjU wV v i{y/{i<' V/ [/ / X Associate Medical Dleo eor . U. Dernenl, M-b. U N IO N C A R B ID E B E LG IU M N.V. "JF;'' V:-... ; V ' . ; ;; - - V .' B R U X E L L E S B. 1 A u g u stj l<ftfcEK'ED> y / M K F ' ' ' ' ' ' -, ' Q 3' . A l '/ . 14 . A V C N U t L O U m ". ' /. N m err 1 4 1 5 'T J H /M l4 F .M; r ,`'v'V-'::v ^ ^ 'k V' ' . ' SEP_1 7967 . ............ .. : V *...."'?'<* M n' F ra n k D e x te r **; ' V'', ' ' ..*'`'4'' ' >*?'!` .''v .'U nion C a r b id e C o rp o ra tio n .'/v ' - C hem icals & P la s tic s Division : 'V . ' :270 P a r k A v en u e 1 -'V : ..,,'v : - V..' : New Y ork, N. Y. 10017 r. I R ; ASBESTOS TOXICOLOGY <7- < -Vt'-j D e a r F r a n k : V - '1 D u rin g a r e c e n t c o n fe re n c e on P h y s ic s and C h e m is tr y of ' . I Asbestos M in erals at O xford, England, I m et with re p re = . " . , sentatives of the group who a rc coordinating an analytical , . p r o g r a m f o r a s b e s to s s a m p le s . T h e s e w e re : . . ` : ;. .> ` V, : ' D r . V . T IM B R E L L . . . M edical R esearch Council ` . / f . ` P n e u m o c o n io s is R e s e a r c h U n it .. ' ; .r ;- L la n d o u g h H o s p ita l .. ` ' ' ' '' Penarth, G lam organ. 0 Y- ,. D r. T .G . MORRIS M. R .C . Llandough H ospital P en arth , G lam organ. T his m eetin g w as to a rra n g e fo r Union C a rb id e 's cooperation- . in trace elem ent analyses of standard sam ples. . D r. M um pton, who, incidentally, gave an exceptionally good /. a n d w e ll r e c e iv e d p a p e r a t th e m e e tin g , i s b rin g in g th e s a m p le s . back to N iag ara F a lls and is aw are of the req u irem en ts of the '.group fo r analysis. B rie fly , th ey w ould lik e to have a ll p o ssib le t r a c e ' e le m e n ts a n aly z e d , to. the. h ig h e s t p o s s ib le d e g re e of a c c u ra c y .' AO7 O94  2 .*" oe * ' V; q u a n t i . . . d o s e to one to n = a r t o { ; , I TM t" U * " h av e b e en "th o ro u g h ly " b len d ed r,, 1 m a te r ia ls - w hich ::al? h a sam ples of the different ti L f cae of chrysotile he : sam ple m ix was prepared. He asked sam ples of these original com *.* WV Ch th e 8 ta n d a r d COuld P s s ib ly a n a ly z e :;i p o n e n ts w e re present w i i c h ^ h t T * " ! r d e r to 888 any c o - V o f t h e i r m ix in g and b le n d in g p r o c e d u r e s * D r " j * 7 t0 th efficiency r determ ine the cost of these fu rth er l M um Pton ag reed to j u s t i f y also doing som e of th em . ^ y ae* to 8ee if we could. , ^ i Dr. ...fair to say that th ere a re " d * i d e ta i*8 I b e lie v e it is ;:i * 'U1 TM a n .w e r e d a n d r . a U s t i c a % yt S " yu , " !'i0 n * " d Pr M n . . a . to th e t r u e " d a n g e r " o f u .in g a e b e e to ,. m n c h ' ^ " c a y e t ; ;5 weuobujldacltik.,e****a^k^toMyon mrnoorreeraabboouut^tthhti,.eea*nCd^. ot*h'*er'"aeb1e4eaton.d ^ M 'V.^ '.J*'V.i.1' . *:/." 'r: '.* -v.'., V >' > : . . , ! : : ! -/'.vi;1- T ^ - % ............. ` :yt\; V 'f '-'S1 : ` i'- THOMAS J . H A L L .: W -'v --S r ; -iSa*'U * D e r n e h l- M .D . A-. ."V . -,. --M r .vT**F, mFraannggooss -- N. Y i --- H v r ___ _ _ * . . , '/ , :* . \ . .W ^ ^ P t o n - Niagara FaUs - - : D* P olderm an - O ffice i y B r A E P d ah ! . , N, W J ft i ' v. M T * * S a v e r s V t *v. r * ^ A7Q Q b w. s. Young 29 th floor New York L. 7. Crow T. F. Frango J L. Myers July 26, 1968 Enclosed Is my synopsis of Che Induscrisi Hygiene Aspects of Asbestos for your use in the long range plan. J. A. Riddle JAl/cg INDUSTRIAL IIYGIENE Newspaper headlines, such as "Ovary Cancer, Asbestos Link", "A Strange and Deadly New Cancer Among Asbestos Workers", and the like, have given the public the impression that there is a proven connection, between asbestos and lung cancer, mesothelioma, or even ovarian cancer. Even a careful perusal of the newspaper accounts fails to bring out certain important facts: 1. There are four separate and distinct types of asbestos; chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, and anthophylllte. 2. Crocidolite has been pretty conclusively established as a cause of mesothelioma. If there is a relationship between Chrysotile and mesothelioma, it is much less pronounced. 3. Mesothelioma is still a rare disease. For instance, only 250 cases rolatcd to exposure havo boon recorded In tho United Kingdom, where- 25,000 canes of lung cancer are diagnosed every year. 4. Crocidolite and Amosite contain hydrocarbons, including 5,4-benzopyrene, and also absorb oil from the jute bags in which they are packaged. Polycyclic hydrocarbons and jute oil have been shown to be carcinogenic under some circumstances. Chrysotile is oil-free and ordinarily is packed in paper bags. - 5. Many of the sensational news stories are based upon the finding of "Asbestos Bodies" in microscopic examinations of tissue from various organs. In the original medical reports, the author usually is careful to point out that positive identification of asbestos bodies is quite difficult, that there is evidence that other materials besides asbestos may cause formation of "asbestos bodies", and that only a small number of "asbestos bodies" are seen except in the lung tissue of established asbestodls patients. The foregoing la an attempt to put the situation in perspective, not to imply that there are no health problems with asbestos. Viewed objectively, there are probably three areas of risk due to exposure to asbestos: 1. Asbestosis, or progressive loss of lung function due to accumulation of asbestos fibers in the lungs, with accompanying fibrosis. Coalinga Chrysotile fibers are believed to be less dangerous than other varieties because the curved fiber shape reduces penetration depth into the lungs, and it is more rapidly eliminated than other asbestos varieties. 2. Mesothelioma is associated with exposure to Crocidolite, but not necessarily to Chrysotile. 3. Bronchial carcinoma is associated with asbestosis, and there may be a synergistic effect when smoking and exposure to asbestos are combined. It was previously believed chat nnbeatosiu would not develop 11 the dunt concentration In the working place were kept below 5 million particles per cubic loot (5x106 p/cf). With the long time span between initial exposure and the onset of clinical symptoms it will be evident Chat a rigorously defined safe limit is not possible. Currently, some environmental health authorities are in favor of lowering the limit, but with no solid evidence as to what it should be. A 0 7 0 8 2 Industrial Hygiene Pg. 2......... The King City plant has operated since it started with dust concentrations below 5xJ0h p/cf in non-rcsplrnt:or areas. A recent sampling indicate.! 2.3xlOf> p/cf average in all non-rnapl.rator aireari, with none above 3.7. The respirator area comprises the ilry <>p!ulng, packaging, anti pal let 1/1 ng areas which are walled oil from the. rest of the building. All personnel working in Clu: reap IraDr area arc: required to wear USBM-approved respirators. Customer's problems are in two categories, the pre-trial questions, and the actual problems which arise when they become consumers. For most people the questions are satisfactorily answered, for the moment at least, by the "asbestos toxicology" sheet. In the event of additional adverse publicity, an expansion of the asbestos toxicology sheet may be needed. . Problems of dust control in handling are susceptible to engineering solutions and wc can pa tin on to the customer our experience in lust control and materials handling. The ndvnnCngcu of idle pel Ietlxrd form are obvious. T.t will be uoccsHury to maintain lins ion with other organ lzati.>ni corulu-ting research and statistical studies in this H e l d . If It can be arranged, publication of reports which put the data in better perspective should be encouraged. . We perform chest x-rays on all new hires as part of the pre-employment physical. Fibrosis or Emphysema are cause for rejection. All employees are giyen periodic x-rays at intervals determined by their smoking habits, ranging from 2 years for the non-smokers down to 6 months for heavy smokers. The tabulation below shows the number of employees with various periods of exposure. Number o f Employees G a 9 6 33 Years of Exposure G 5 A 3 less than 3 To date, our periodic x-rays have shown no changes from the x-rays taken at the time of initial hiring. J.A. Kiddie 7-25-68 A07083 :? f f ... I <f| t i 1B 'F i' H J h OATE t it t W l! TVFbT T); _ ' ' W * " T NHMBEK :DOeUMNT TITUS" S, Gross Paul KEY CODE KEY WORD OR CHARACTERISTIC Pulmonar l^<* s=i n tl ^~ SCOPE NOTES Evaluation: This study was undertaken to determine the relative patnqgemciu-y of Coalinga'chrysotile from California with Canadian chrysotile and other non-ashestos dusts when injected into the trachea of rats. It was. found that Coalinga dust produces effects similar to Canadian chrysotile- The-lesions observed in the lungs of these rats suggest that the pathogenic potential of .Coalinga dust resembles that of chrysotile dust. Whether this"potential is leas or greater than that of chrysotile dust cannot he determified'tioa the available data." 1 ' ` .. .