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FILE NAME Household Contact HC DATE 1960 Dec 28 DOC HC010 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Federal Register - Safety and Health Standards for Federal Supply Contracts \ Wage U. S. and Hour DEPARTMENT OF LABO S and Public Contracts Divisions PLAINTIFF'S Washington 25 D. C. = Safety and Health Standards for Federal Supply Contracts_ Reprint from Federal Register dated December 28 1960 James P. Mitchell Secretary Clarence T. Lundquist Administrator tions where evidence is not required the regulations herein promulgated has Title PUBLIC CONTRACTS ence men is all that is needed to lead Where therefore the common experiof relied quite extensively on the outstanding contributions of the private and pub- and prudent Chapter Division of Public Con- a rational person to the lic organizations which are generally ac- tracts Department of Labor conclusion that certain conditions of em- cepted as preeminent in this field ployment are incompatible with the Among these are the publications of PART 50 20 AN4D HEALTH safety and health of employees no de- American Standards Association Inc. STANDARDS FOR FEDERAL SUPPLY fense is provided by the statutory American Society of Mechanical Engi- CONTRACTS prima evidence rule merely be- neers National Fire Protection Associa- cause such conditions may not be spe- tion National Board of Fire Underwrit- The Healey Public Contracts cifically prohibited in the State safety ers the Public Health Service of the Act 49 Stat 2036 41 U.S.C. 35 et seq sanitary and factory inspection laws United States Department of Health requires that contracts entered into by or the regulations hereby proposed Education and Welfare the Bureau of any agency of the United States for the Neither is it necessary to call a witness Mines of the United States Department manufacture or furnishing of materials to testify concerning the hazardous of the Interior and the Atomic Energy supplies articles and equipment in any nature of such conditions Commission amount exceeding 10,000 must contain The statutory rule of prima evi- Section d of the Administrative among other provisions a stipulation dence was not designed to deter the Procedure Act recognizes that even in no such will be thapat rt of contract Secretary of Labor from diligent inquiry the most formal type of administrative performed nor will any of the materials even beyond the safety sanitary and adjudications agency decision may rest _ supplies articles or equipment to be factory inspection laws of the several on official notice of a material fact not manufactured or furnished under said states to discover more directly what appearing in the evidence in the record contract be manufactured or fabricated are the working conditions which are but it requires that any party shall on in any plants factories buildings or unsanitary or habardous or dangerous timely request be afforded an oppor- surroundings or under working condi- to the health and safety of employees tunity to show the contrary The At- tions which are unsanitary or hazardous This is demonstrated by the provisions torney General's Manual on the Admin- or dangerous to the health and safety in sections and 5 of the Act directing istrative Procedure Act points out p 80 of employees engaged in the performance the Secretary to administer it and au- that this authority extends properly of said contract thorizing him to appoint experts make to all matters as to which the agency A single standard of safety and health investigations hold hearings compel the by reason of its functions is presumed conditions is thus required for all work production of evidence and make find- to be expert such as technical or scien- subject to the Act An objective descrip- ings of fact Accordingly following en- tific facts within its specialized knowl- tion of the working conditions encoun- actment of the Act experts were ap- edge Cf. H.R. Rep p 38 Sen. Doc tered established by a preponderance of pointed and their testimony used in the p 272 The matters thus the reliable probative and substantial administrative enforcement proceedings noticed become a part of the record evidence is of course essential to the conducted under section 5 of the Act and unless successfully controverted administrative application of this stand- Differences of opinion over what condi- furnish the same basis for findings of ard A second question which must be tions of employment fail to meet the fact as does evidence in the usual resolved is whether conditions of the statutory standard have thus been re- sense type described are unsanitary or haz- solved with the assistance of expert testi- The hazardous characteristics of many ardous or dangerous to the health or mony on a case basis in nearly working conditions thus being facts of safety of employees This is a question a quarter of century of hearings and a technical or scientific nature and of fact For assistance in its resolution findings under the Act These have been having come within the Department's the act provides a special rule of evi- conducted in accordance with sections specialized knowledge by reason of its dence Compliance with the safety 5 7 and 8 of the Administrative Pro- experience proof of them in administra- sanitary and factory inspection laws of cedure Act since its enactment tive adjudications by official notice is the State in which the work or part The hazardous characteristic of a par- appropriate The facts declared in these thereof is to be performed shall be ticular working condition is of course regulations are soundly based in the ex- prima evidence of compliance with the likelihood that it will cause illness perience of the Department end in the this subsection or injury in the employment situation experience of outstanding public and The statutory provision concerning This characteristic is not always im- private experts in their specialized di- prima evidence does not purport mediately apparent Causative analysis visions of the field of health and safety to take the place of the uniform national of injury frequency rates in industry has engineering The regulations herewith standard It has application only to shed much light on the importance of promulgated extend however into areas issues which require evidence In the certain precautions not fully appreciated in which reasonable men may differ absence of opposing evidence it author- by those responsible for the operation Any party to an administrative adjudi- izes resolution of such issues compatibly of Industrial establishments The De- cation who is adversely affected by them with the prima evidence Also rules concerning prima evidence partment's discovery and evaluation of development of will therefore have the opportunity to contest them by presenting the issue in obviously have no application in situa- these hazards and the 13809 No. Part -- - 13810 RULES AND REGULATIONS ~) his responsive pleading and introducing such evidence as he will be able to muster for consideration at his hearing Publication of standards which will underline the enforcement policy of the agency which administers the WalshHealey Public Contracts Act will promote observance of the safety and health re- quirements by curtalling uncertainty on the part of those whose duty it is to comply Such publication will permit the administrative adjudication of many safety and health cases without the necessity of calling an expert witness to the place of hearing to testify to the hazardous nature of the working conditions GUARDING OF SIDED FLOORS PLATFORMS and RunWAYS 80-204.26 80-204.26 sided floor and platform Runway guarding RAILINGS AND GUARDS 60-204.27 50-204.28 50-204.29 Standard ralling Stair railing Strength of standard railing and stair railing ELEVATORS 50-204.34 50-204.35 50-204.36 50-204.37 Elevator inspection Holstways Under car safety device Hatch limit controls ILLUMINATION PRESSURE VESSELS 50-204.120 Bollers 50-204.121 Steam cookers digesters pots etc. 50 204.122 Unfired pressure vessels glue TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 50-204.127 Maintenance 50-204.128 Portable electric power tools 60 204.129 Portable pneumatic tools 50-204.180 Cables ropes and chains VENTILATION AND PROTECTION IN WELDING AND CUTTING 50-204.135 50-204.186 50-204.187 Welding and cutting in confined spaces . Ventilation in confined spaces Mechanical ventilation denounced in the regulations Except in cases where a party gives notice of intent to challenge the safety standards expressed in the regulation at hearing as provided in the regulations herein promulgated this element of possible controversy and occasion of possible variety in decision will be eliminated These are the considerations which prompt this use of the authority ex- pressed in section 4 of the Healey Public Contracts Act to make such rules 50 204.42 Minimum standards LADDERS 50-204.47 Construction and use of portable ladders 50-204.48 50-204.49 Rails of portable ladders Painting of wooden ladders 50 204.50 Stepladders 50-204.51 Fixed ladders AISLES AND PASSAGEWAYS . 50-204.56 Maintenance 50-204.57 Aisle widths 50-204.188 Welding and cutting involving metals of toxic significance 50 204.189Protection to other employeeK 50-204.140 metal arc welding 60 204.141 General welding and cutting ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 50-204.148 General plant wiring MECHANICAL Power TRANSMISSION APPARATUS 50 204.153 Flywheels 50-204.154 Cranks and connecting rods 50-204.155 Tail rods or extension piston rods and regulations as may be necessary to MATERIAL Storage 50-204.156 Governor balls carry out the provisions of this Act Radiation standards for inclusion in the regulations herein promulgated as amendments are currently being drafted They will apply the recommendations of the Federal Radiation Council approved by the President for the guidance of federal agencies May 13 1960 25 F.R. 4402 As these regulations are rules of agency procedure or practice delineating facts which will be officially noticed in enforcement proceedings under section 5 of the Act notice of proposed rule making and public proceedings in their adoption are not required by subsections 4 a and b of the Administrative Procedure Act 50-204.62 50-204.63 50-204.64 50-204.65 50-204.66 . 50-204.71 50-204.72 50-204.73 50-204.74 50-204.75 50-204.76 50-204.77 60-204.82 50-204.83 50-204.84 50-204.85 50-204.86 Helght Small articles Pipe and other long stock Hazardous chemicals Gases in cylinders OUTDOOR STORAGE Aisle spacing Housekeeping Drainage Clearance signs Derail and bumper blocks Traffic control signs Open pits tanks vats ditches etc. Flammable Liquids Sources of ignition Vegetation removal Housekeeping Electrical lighting Ventilation 60-204.157 50-204.158 50-204.169 50-204.160 50-204.161 50-204.162 50-204.163 50-204.184 50-204.165 50-204.186 60-204.167 50-204.168 50-204.169 50-204.170 50-204.171 50-204.172 50-204.173 Shafting installation Guarding horizontal shafting Guarding vertical and inclined shafting Projecting shaft ends transmission apparatus located in basements Pulleys Horizontal belts ropes and chain drives Overhead chain and link belt drives Vertical and inclined belta Vertical belts pulley belts Gears Sprockets and chains Openings for oiling Friction drives Keys set screws and jections Collars other pro- In accordance with section 4 of the 50-204.87 Refuse storage 50-204.174 Couplings Administrative Procedure Act 60 Stat 238 5 U.S.C. 1003 therefore and under the authority of section 4 of the WalshHealey Public Contracts Act 49 Stat 2038 41 U.S.C. 38 effective 30 days after publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER & 50-204.88 50-204.89 50-204.90 50-204.91 50-204.92 Open flame devices prohibited Bonding and grounding Relief vents Storage in other than flammable storage buildings Safety containers PAINTS AND PAINTING GUARD STANDARDS FOR MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION 50-204.179 50-204.180 50-204.181 50-204.182 50-204.183 Materials . Disk shield and U guards Approved materials Wood guards Guards for horizontal overhead new Part Safety and Health Standards for Federal Supply Contracts is hereby added to 41 CFR Chapter 50 50-204.97 50-204.98 50-204.99 Storage of paints varnishes lacquers thinners etc. Storage locations Storage of flammable paint ma- 50-204.184 50-204.185 belts Guards for horizontal overhead rope and chain drives Guard rails and toe boards SCOPE AND APPLICATION terials in open^'dcontainers MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE Guarding 50-204.1 Scope and application 50 204.100solled clothing and drop cloth 50-204.190 Lathes and automatic screw ma- BUILDINGS AND APPURTENANCES 50-2042 50-204.2 50-204.4 Buildings Floors Building egress STAIRWAYS OB STEPS 60-2049 50-204.10 50-204.11 50-204.12 Stair width of treads and height of risers Stairway maintenance Treads Stairway railings and handraila 50-204.101 Housekeeping paint scrapings and paint saturated contain- ers 80-204.302 Ventilation of harmful sub- stances 50-204.103 50-204.104 Ventilation of flammable vapors Smoking or open flames pro- hibited 50-204.105 Electrical equipment 50-204.108 Electrio motora 50 204.107Enclosure driving belts 60-204.108 Storage of combustible and 60-204.191 50-204.182 50-204.193 50-204.194 50-204.195 50-204.196 50-204.197 50-204.198 50-204.199 50-204.200 50-204.201 chines Drill presses Planers and shapers metal Shears Guillotine cutters driven Power presses Foot and hand presses Other power safety devices Platen presses Abrasive wheels Revolving drums and cylinders Fans - GUARDING OF FLOOR OPENINGS flammable cleaning materials WOODWORKING MACHINERY AND FLOOR HOLES FIRE PREVENTION 50-204.208 Circular table sawa 50-204.17 50-204.18 50-204.19 50-204.20 Stairway floor openinga Ladderway floor openings Hatchway and chute floor Floor hole 50-204.118 Equipment general 50 204.114First aid fire fighting extinguish- ers general rules 50-204.115 Classification of extinguishers 60-204.209 50-204.210 60-204.211 Swing and sliding cut WS Inverted swing cut sawa jump saws Radial sawa Wednesday December 28 1000 FEDERAL REGISTER 13811 50-204.212 50-204.212 60-204.213 50-204.214 50-204.215 60-204.216 50-204.217 Portable circular saws Band saws and band resaws Jointers Wood shapers hand panel raisers and similar machines Planing molding sticking and matching machines Sanding machines HOUSEKEEPING minimum safety and health standards which will be applied in the administration and enforcement of the Act including proceedings under its section 5 and 41 CFR Part 50-203 Subpart A to determine whether particular contracts subject to the Act are being or have been performed in compliance with its safety and health requirements e Compliance with the standards expressed in Part 50-204 of this chapter will not relieve anyone from any obligation to comply with any more strict standard stemming from any other source whatsoever BUILDINGS AND APPURTENANCES 50 204.2 Buildings 50-204.229 60-204.230 50-204.231 50-204.232 50-204233 50-204233 50-204.234 50-204.234 TOILET General Floors Flammable materials Tools and other materials Receptacles for waste disposal Sweeping and refuse removal FACILITIES AND WASH ROOMS 50-204.239 60-204.240 50-204.241 50-204.242 50-204.243 50-204.244 50-204.245 50-204.246 Separate toilet for each sex Location Water closets Construction of toilet rooms Chemical closets and privies Washing facilities Change rooms Retiring rooms for women LUNCH ROOMS AND FOOD HANDLING 50-204.251 80-204.252 80-204.253 Location Waste food disposal Presence of toxic materials DRINKING WATER 80-204.258 50-204.259 Potable water potable water MEDICAL SERVICES 50-204.264 Medical services EYE PROTECTION 80-204.260 50-204.270 General requirement First for chemical burns ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 80-204.275 50-204.276 Toxic gases vapors fumes dust and mists Threshold limit values b In all administrative enforcement and investigative proceedings conducted by the United States Department of Labor under the Act official notice will be taken of the fact that failure to Buildings and all appurtenances thereto including bridges towers balconies runways and platforms shall be structurally safe to prevent collapse comply with the requirements expressed 50-204.3 Floors in this Part 50-204 of this chapter results in working conditions which are unsanitary or hazardous to employees within the meaning of section e of the Act and contracts incorporating the stipula- a No floor or platform shall be so loaded as to have a factor of safety of less than four That is the weight placed upon a floor or platform shall not exceed fourth of the breaking tion it requires strength of the platform or floor In formal enforcement proceed- b Floors other than those resting ings under section 5 of the Act respond- directly on solid ground when used for ents will be permitted to demonstrate heavy storage shall be clearly posted to by reliable substantial and probative show maximum safe floor loads evidence that their failure to comply c All floor surfaces shall be kept with the requirements expressed in Part clean and dry and maintained in a 50 20o4f this chapter did not result in smooth free from holes or projections working conditions which were unsani- that might cause tripping and reason- tary or hazardous or dangerous to em- ably nonslippery condition ployees but only if the answer to the d Where the type of operation ne- complaint filed under 41 CFR 50 203.3 cessitates working on floor areas which makes express allegation to that effect would be otherwise wet or slippery such identifying the particular code unit areas shall be covered with mats grates challenged and setting out the factual cleats or other high friction floor basis for the challenge In the event such issue is drawn and reliable sub- coverings stantial and probative evidence is intro- e Safe means of access suited to duced in support of the challenge the conditions shall be provided to every pertinent portions of the publications of overhead point to which employees are the American Standards Association called upon to go in connection with their Inc. American Society of Mechanical employment 60-204.288 50-204.289 VENTILATION General ventilation and temperature requirement Local exhaust ventilation NOISE 50-204.293 Noise PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 50-204.298 Personal protective equipment MINING 50-204.300 Federal Mine Safety Code AUTHORITY 850-204.1 850-204.1 to 50-204.300 issued under sec 4 49 Stat 2038 41 U.S.C. 38 Interpret or apply sec 1 49 Stat 2036 41 U.S.C. 85 $ 50-204.1 Scope and application a The Healey Public Contracts Act 40 Stat 2036 41 U.S.C. 35 et seq requires that contracts entered into by any agency of the United States for the manufacture or furnishing of materials supplies articles and equipment in any amount exceeding 10,000 must contain among other provisions a stipulation that No part of such contract will be performed nor will any of the materials supplies articles or equip ment to be manufactured or furnished under said contract be manufactured or fabricated in any plants factories buildings or surroundings or under working conditions which are unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees engaged in the performance of the contract This Part 50-204 of this chapter expresses certain Engineers National Fire Protection Association National Board of Fire Underwriters the Public Health Service of the United States Department of Health Education and Welfare the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the Interior and the Atomic Energy Commission will be considered together with any other evidence that may be adduced in support of the regulation on the issue whether the preponderance of the reliable substantial and probative evidence supports a finding that the Working conditions prohibited in the regulation are unsanitary or hazardous or dangercus to the health and safety of employees d The standards expressed in Part 50-204 of this chapter are for application to ordinary employment situations and do not preclude proof or recognition of the necessity of higher standards for employment situations of extraordinary hazard Neither do the standards expressed in this Part 50-204 of this chapter purport to describe all of the working conditions which are unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees Other working conditions may be found to be unsanitary or hazardous er dangerous to the health and safety of employees on evidence to that effect or without such evidence where such unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous characteristic should be apparent to a rational and prudent person of common experience 50-204.4 Building egress a Erits Not less than two means of egress other than ladders or elevators as remote from each other as possible shall be provided on every floor including basements and cellars of every building or section where persons are employed On the street floor at least one of these shall be a door leading di- rectly outside the building and the other may be a door leading outside the building or a standard horizontal exit On upper floors and basements one exit shall be an enclosed stairway or smoke- proof tower and the other or others may be inside stairways or horizontal exits or fire escape stairs b Exit doors Doors shall swing in the direction of exit and open in such a manner as not to obstruct passage- ways or corridors used as ways of egress No chairs or seats fixtures chutes ma- terials or equipment shall block or in any way jeopardize the use of ways and means provided for egress All exit doors and windows used as means of egress in case of fire or panic shall be so arranged as always to be opened readily from the inside Locks on doors and windows if provided shall not re- quire the use of a key to open c Exit signs All exits or means of egress shall be provided with a sign having on it the word EXIT which shall be in letters at least five inches in height and plainly indicate to persons within the building the location of such egress 13812 y | RULES AND REGULATIONS 4 Directional signs egress should be necessary to the means of provided where Stairways OR STEPS 50-204.9 Stair width of treads and height of risers There shall be no variation in the width of treads and height of risers in any flight Where variation in heights of risers in different flights is necessary on account of varying story heights such variations shall not exceed inch All treads shall be at least 10 inches wide 50 204.10Stairway maintenance Every stairway or step shall be maintained in good repair free from protruding bolts screws nails dirt or slippery conditions and no storage shall be permitted on stairways 50-204.11 Treads Treads shall be renewed when the surface including the nosing shows wear to the extent of ...inch or more All metal treads shall have a surface which will reasonably prevent slipping 50-204.12 rails Stairway railings and hand- Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be equipped with a stair railing or handrails constructed to conform to the requirements of sections 50 204.28and 50-204.29 under the following conditions a On stairways of width less than 44 inches and having both sides enclosed least one handrail on the right side descending b On stairways of width less than 44 inches and having one side open least one stair railing that shall be on the open side c On stairways of width less than 44 inches and having both sides open one stair railing on each side d On stairways of width 44 inches or more but less than 88 inches handrail on each enclosed side and one stair railing on each open side e On stairways 88 inches or more in width handrail on each enclosed side one stair ralling on each open side and one intermediate stair railing located approximately midway of the width f Winding stairs shall be equipped with a handrail so offset as to prevent walking on any portions of the treads having width less than 6 inches GUARDING OF FLOOR OPENINGS AND FLOOR HOLES 50-204.17 Stairway floor openings A railing constructed to conform to the requirements of sections 50-204.28 and 50 204.2s9hall be provided on all exposed sides of stairway floor openings except at entrance to stairway Standard toe boards shall be provided also except in stair towers 50-204.18 Ladderway floor openings Every ladderway floor opening shall be guarded by a standard railing with standard toe board on all exposed sides except at entrance to opening 50 204.19 Hatchway and chute floor a Runways used exclusively for Every hatchway and chute floor open- ing shall be guarded either by ; a Hinged opening cover of standard strength and construction equipped with railing constructed in 80- special purposes such as oiling shafting or filling tank cars may have the railing on one side omitted where operating conditions necessitate such omission providing there is no falling hazard cordance with sections 50-204.27 and RAILINGS ANd Guards so as to leave no exposed side is 50-204.29 50-204.29 When the closed shall be openingopening is not in use the cover b A removable railing with toe boards on not more than two sides of the opening and permanent railings with toe boards on all other exposed sides both constructed in accordance with sections 50-204.27 and 50-204.29 The removable railings shall be kept in place when the opening is not in use c Where operating conditions neces- sitate the feeding of material into any hatchway or chute opening from all sides the guarding requirements will be 50-204.27 Standard railing A standard railing shall consist of top rail intermediate rail and posts having vertical height of 42 inches from upper surface of top rall to floor platform run- way or ramp level The top rail shall smooth surfaced throughout the railing length of the The intermediate rail shall be approximately halfway be- tween the top rail and floor platform runway or ramp The ends of the rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except where such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard satisfied protection protectionchains other or ade- quate protection provided prevent is to person from falling through the opening $ 50-204.20 Floor hole 50-204.28 Stair railing construction similar railingstandard railingconstruction construction vertical height shall be not more than described Every floor hole except those described in sections 50-204.17 50 204.1580 204.19 tread surface face rail surface of shall be guarded either by edge oftread a A railing constructed in conform- ance with the requirement in sections required 50 204.27and 50-204.29 with standard requwheire rstaeirwadys toe board on all exposed sides or 34 inches nor less than 30 inches from of face of to riser at forward . a Intermediate less in width ralls shall not be are 22 inches or b A floor opening cover hinged in place While the cover is open floor 50-204.29 Strength of standard railing and stair railing holes shall be constantly attended by someone or shall be protected by a portable enclosing railing The strength of standard railings and stair railings under different types of construction is specified as follows Guarding of SIDED Floors PlaTFORMS AND RUNWAYS 50-204.25 form Open floor and plat- a Every sided floor shall be a Wood railing For wood railings the posts shall be of at least 2 by inch 4 inch stock spaced not to exceed 8 feet shall the top rails be of at least 2 inch by 4 inch stock or of two right angle pieces of at least 1 inch by 4 inch stock guarded by a railing constructed in accordance with sections 50 204,2a7nd 50 and the intermediate rails shall be of at least 2 inch by 2 inch stock or of at least 204.29 on all open sides 5 feet or more 1 inch by 4 inch stock above the adjacent floor or ground level except where there is entrancte o ramp stairway or fixed ladder The railing b Pipe railing For pipe railings the posts and top rails shall be metal pipe of at least 1inches inside diameter and shall be provided with a toe wherever beneath the open sides 1 Persons can pass board the intermediate rails shall be metal pipe of at least 1 inch inside diameter The spacing of posts shall not exceed 8 feet 2 There is moving machinery or 3 There is equipment with which falling materials could create a hazard c Structural metal railings For structural metal railings the posts and top rails shall be angle iron of at least b The intermediate railing and toe 1inches by 1inches by inch or board required by sections 50-204.27 and 50-204.29 may be omitted where ma- other structural shapes of equivalent bending strength and the intermediate terials have to be regularly passed over the edge of the floor as in lumber stor- rails shall be angle iron of at least 1... inches by 1inches by inch or other age or where the railing is set back 12 structural shapes of equivalent bending inches or more from the edge strength The spacing of posts shall not c The entire ralling may be temporarily removed from particular sections of sided floors where regular oper ating conditions make a permanent railings exceed 8 feet d Anchor posts The anchoring of posts and framing of members for rail- railings of all types shall be of such con- ing wholly impracticable 50-204.26 Runway Runway guaguarrddinging sshtarlluctbieoncapcaabplaeble thoef cwoimtphlsettaedndsitnraguctluoard e of at least 200 pounds applied in any Every runway shall be guarded by a railing constructed in accordance with direction at any point of the top rail e Toe board A toe board shall be sections 50 204.27and 50 204.29on all 4 inches in vertical height from top edge open sides 5 feet or more above floor or to the level of the floor platform run- ground level Wherever tools machine way or ramp It shall be securely fas- parts or materials are likely be used on the runway a toe board shall also be tened in place and with not more than ... inch clearance above floor level It may provided on each exposed side be made of any substantial material \ew Wednesday December 28 1960 FEDERAL REGISTER at 13813 either solld or with openings not over 1 inch in length ELEVATORS 50-204.34 Elevator inspection Elevator inspection by a competent elevator inspection service or mainte^-ancecontract on an annual basis will acceptable as evidence of satisfactory installation and maintenance 50-204.49 Painting of wooden ladders Wooden ladders shall not be painted as painting covers up defects Linseed oll or oil stain shall be used instead $ 50-204.50 Stepladders All stepladders shall be provided with an automatic locking device or spreader of not more than 40 degrees to hold the front and back sections in open position 50-204.64 Pipe and other long stock Pipe and other long stock shall be stored in suitable racks or blocked to prevent spreading or rolling Projecting ends shall be protected by location railings or barriers $ 50-204.65 Hazardous chemicals Hazardous chemicals shall be distinc- tively marked to indicate their nature and stored in containers or locations 50-204.35 Hoistways 50-204.51 Fixed ladders suitable to the material All hoistway openings at the floor level to the elevator shall be protected by doors or gates either manually or mechanically operated and interlocked with the elevator control so that it is impossible to start the elevator until the door or gate is locked in the closed position and also so that it is impossible to open the door or gate when the car is not at the landing 50 204.36Under car safety device All elevators other than hydraulic elevators shall be equipped with an under car safety device operated by speed gov- ernor control that will hold the elevator in case of cable fallure or over speeding 50-204.37 Hatch limit controls All types of elevators shall be equipped with upper and lower travel limit devices that will normally bring the car to rest at either terminal and a final limit switch that will prevent the movement in either direction if opened by the car as the result of excessive over travel in either direction ILLUMINATION $ 50-204.42 Minimum standards a Illumination shall be provided and distributed to all working areas as required in these regulations b Seeing tasks requiring discrimination of fine detall under conditions of fair contrast and where the nature of the work is very exacting and prolonged shall be provided with a minimum of 100 candles of illumination c Seeing tasks requiring discrimination of detail over prolonged periods of time and under conditions of moderate contrast shall be provided with a minimum of 50 candles of illumination d Seeing tasks requiring moderate discrimination of detail over intermittent periods of time and under conditions of normal contrast shall be provided with a minimum of 30 candles of illumination e Casual seeing tasks not involving discrimination of fine detail shall be provided with a minimum of 10 candles of ilumination f Rough seeing tasks not requiring critical seeing shall be provided with a minimum of 5 candles of illumination LADDERS 50-204.47 Construction and use of portable ladders Portable ladders shall be substantially built set level and well secured 50-204.48 Rails of portable ladders Rails of portable ladders shall always project at least three feet above working level and shall be of sound material a Rest platforms If fixed ladders are used to ascend to heights exceeding 30 feet a landing or rest platform shall be provided for each 30 feet or fraction thereof unless the ladder is provided with . safety cages b Rails Rails of fixed ladders to landings shall extend a distance of at least 3 feet above the landing c Rungs Th"rungs may be omitted above the landing Where an employee must step a greater distance than 14 inches from the ladder to roof tank hoist etc. a landing shall be provided d Guard rails All fixed ladder landings shall be equipped with a standard guard rall and toe boards so ar- ranged as to give the safest possible access to the ladder Such platforms shall not be less than 24 inches in width AISLES AND PASSAGEWAYS 50-204.56 Maintenance Permanent aisles and passageways shall be kept clear and in good repair with no obstructions across or in aisles that might cause tripping Where due to lack of proper identification aisles and passageways are likely to become hazardous they shall be clearly defined by painted lines curbings or other methods of marking 50-204.57 Aisle widths Where industrial trucks are in custom- ary use way traffic aisles shall be at least 2 feet wider than the widest vehicle Two aisles shall be at least 3 feet vehicle than twice the width of the widest vehicle MATERIAL STORAGE $ 50-204.62 Height a All material in bags containers or bundles stored in tiers shall be stacked blocked interlocked and limited in height so that it is stable so that it is secure against sliding or collapse b Where automatic sprinkler protection is provided clearance of at least 18 inches shall be maintained between the tops of materials and the underside of lowest beams or other overhead structures Where reliance is placed on hose streams clearance of at least 3 feet shall be maintained between the tops of piles and the underside of the lowest beams girders or other obstructions which restrict the play of hose streams over the material 50 204.63 Small articles Small articles shall be stored in containers suitable to the material such as smcaa ns ol r trl ays that can be stacked 50-204.66 Gases in cylinders a Cylinders shall be supported in an upright position so as to prevent them from falling or rolling b Cylinders shall be kept away from excessive heat such as the direct rays of the sun c Cylinders shall be stored from combustible materials away d Empty cylinders shall be plainly marked EMPTY and the valves be closed The empty cylinders shall be segregated from the full cylinders and returned to the supplier as soon as practicable e Valve covers shall be kept in place at all times when the cylinder is not in use OUTDOOR STORAGE 50 204.71 Aisle spacing Aisles shall be maintained between piles between buildings and between piles and the boundary of the storage site Aisles shall be wide so as to reduce the danger of spread of fire from pile to pile and to permit ready access for fire fighting or emergency removal of material 50-204.72 Housekeeping The entire storage site shall be kept free from unnecessary accumulations of combustible materials Weeds and grass shall be kept down and the area kept clean 50-204.73 Drainage Proper drainage shall be provided 50-204.74 Clearance signs Clearance signs to warn of clearance limits shall be provided 50-204.75 Derail and bumper blocks Derall and bumper blocks shall be pro- vided on spur tracks 50-204.76 Traffic control signs Traffic control signs to warn pedestrian vehicular and railroad trafic shall be provided 50-204.77 Open ditches etc. pits tanks vats Covers or guard rails shall be provided to protect all open pits tanks vats ditches etc. near which people are regularly employed FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS 50-204.82 Sources of ignition All sources of ignition shall be prohibited in areas where flammable liquids are stored handled and processed Suitable warning and No Smoking signs shall be posted in all such areas 13814 4 ^' RULES AND REGULATIONS 50-204.83 Vegetation removal The areas where flammable liquids are stored handled or processed shall be left clear of rubbish brush long grass or other combustible material at all times 50-204.84 Housekeeping Accumulations of flammable liquids on floors walls and other surfaces are prohibited All spills of flammable liquids shall be cleaned up immediately 50 204.85Electrical lighting Electrical lighting shall be the only means used for artificial illumination in areas where flammable liquids vapors fumes dust or gases are present All electrical equipment and installations shall be of the explosion proof type 50-204.86 Ventilation All buildings rooms and compartments where flammable liquids are stored processed or used shall be prop- erly ventilated to prevent accumulation of flammable vapors 50 204.87Refuse storage In buildings shops or rooms where flammable liquids are handled or stored a closing metal refuse can shall be provided tion and maintained in good condi- 50-204.88 Open flame devices pro- hibited .. Open flame heating devices shall not be used in areas where flammable liquids are present $ 50-204.89 Bonding and grounding Storage tanks and systems shall be electrically bonded and grounded 50 204.90Relief vents Storage tanks shall be equipped with proper relief vents Tank vents shall not be located close to open flames stacks heating apparatus or any other source of ignition Vent screens shall not be painted 50 204.91 Storage in other than flammable storage buildings A ventilated steel cabinet or a cabinet lined with noncombustible material shall be provided for the storage of more than a total of 10 gallons of flammable liquids in buildings used for other than storage Not more than a total of 50 gallons shall be stored in any one cabinet nor shall any individual con- tainer exceed 5 gallon capacity in such a cabinet Containers must be of metal and kept tightly closed Storage in drums of over 60 gallons of flammable liquids shall be outside the room 50-204.92 Safety containers Handling of all flammable liquids by hand containers shall be in approved type safety containers substantially constructed to avoid the danger of leakage and designed to minimize the likelihood of spilling PAINTS AND PAINTING 50-204.97 Storage of paints varnishes lacquers thinners etc. Packages containing paints varnishes lacquers thinners or other volatile materials shall be kept tightly closed when not in actual use 50-204.98 Storage locations Sealed containers of paints varnishes lacquers thinners and other flammable paint materials shall be kept in a wellventilated location free from excessive heat smoke sparks flame or direct rays of the sun 50-204.99 Storage of flammable paint materials in opened containers Flammable paint materials when in excess of 10 gallons and not exceeding 50 gallons shall be stored in a ventilated steel cabinet or a cabinet lined with noncombustible material Containers shall be kept tightly closed when not in use 50 204.100 soiled clothing and drop cloth solled clothing and drop cloths when not in use shall be stored in wellventilated steel cabinets 50-204.101 Housekeeping Paint scrapings and paint saturated debris shall be removed from the premises dally 50-204.102 Ventilation of harmful substances Ventilation adequate to reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere shall be provided as referred to in section 50 204.86 50 204.103Ventilation of flammable vapors Ventilation adequate to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors to hazardous levels of concentration shall be provided in all areas where .spray painting dipping or similar processes are performed 50-204.104 Smoking or open flames prohibited No smoking open flame exposed flame heating elements or other sources of ignition of any kind shall be permitted in areas or rooms where spray painting paint dipping or similar processes are done 50-204.105 Electrical equipment When electric lights switches or electrical equipment are necessary where indoor spray painting paint dipping or similar processes are performed they shall be of the explosion type 50-204.106 Electric motors Electric motors driving exhaust fans shall not be placed inside booths or ducts exhausting flammable materials $ 50-204.107 Enclosure driving belts Belts shall not enter duct or booth exhausting flammable materials unless belt and pulley within the duct or booth are thoroughly enclosed 50-204.108 Storage of combustible and flammable cleaning materials Combustible and flammable cleaning materials at the establishment shall be stored in tightly closed metal containers FIRE PREVENTION 50 204.113 Equipment general Fire fighting equipment suitable to the conditions and hazards involved shall be provided and maintained in an effective operating condition A sys- tematic inspection of these devices is re- quired . 50-204.114 First fire fighting extinguishers gener^lrules The following general rules shall be applied to all types of first fire extinguishers a Persons who may have occasion to use any fire extinguisher shall have knowledge of the proper way to use the device effectively b The instructions of the manufac- turer of the extinguisher as to charging maintenance and operations shall be followed exactly All extinguishers shall be examined at least once a year to determine positively that they are in operating condition c Frequent inspections shall be made to determine that extinguishers are in their designated places are readily accessible have not been damaged or tampered with and that nozzles are not clogged 50-204.115 Classification of extinguishers Listed below are various classes of fires and the extinguishing equipment which shall be maintained appurtenant to the various materials identified a Class A Fires Fires in ordinary combustible materials where the quenching and cooling effects of quantities of water or solutions containing large per- centage of water are of first importance Required extinguishing equipment and acid pump tank extinguishers or water barrels and buckets b Class B Fires Fires flam- mable liquids greases and similar mate- rials where blanketing effect is essential Required extinguishing equipment foam carbon tetrachloride CO dry powder type extinguishers or sand buckets and scoops Carbon tetra- chloride extinguishers shall not be used in a confined area c Class C Fires Fire in electrical equipment where the use of nonconducting extinguishing agent is of first importance Required extinguishing equipment or dry powder pres- type extinguishers PRESSURE VESSELS 50-204.120 Boilers Boiler inspection and approval on an annual basis by a recognized boiler inspection service will be acceptable evidence of satisfactory installation and maintenance 50-204.121 Steam cookers digester glue pots etc. All pressure vessels to which steam is supplied from an outside source shall be designed for the maximum line pressure to which the vessel will be subjected On such vessels it is required that in addition to the necessary pressure reducing valve a safety valve be installed on the vessel itself or on the line between g Wednesday December 28 1960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13815 it and the pressure reducer There shall be no means of cutting off or bypassing this safety valve Inspection and adequate maintenance of the vessel including regular testing of the safety valve are mandatory equal to eight diameters of the cable or when the wires on the crown of the strand are worn down to less than 60 percent of their original diameter d Crane hoist cable shall be lu- bricated and inspected at frequent 50-204.139 ployees Protection to other em- In all cases employees in the immediate vicinity of welding operations shall be protected in accordance with sections 50-204.269 and 50 204.298 50 204.122Unfired pressure vessels a Air receivers shall be so installed that all drains handholes and manholes therein are easily accessible intervals VENTILATION AND PROTECTION IN WELDING AND CUTTING 50 204.135 Welding and cutting in 50 204.140 Inert metal weld- ing Since the inertzgas metal welding process involves the production ultra- b Air receivers shall be supported confined spaces violet radiation of intensities five to with sumclent clearance to permit a complete external inspection and to avoid corrosion of external surfaces c Under no circumstances shall air receivers be buried underground or lo- cated in an inaccessible place For the purpose of this section a confined space shall mean a A space of less than 10,000 cubic feet per welder or b space having an overhead height of less than 16 feet or thirty times that produced during shielded metal welding the decomposition of chlorinated solvents by ultraviolet rays and the liberation of toxic fumes and gases employees shall not be permitted to engage in or be exposed to d The receiver shall be located as close to the compressor or aftercooler as is possible to keep the discharge short e The receiver shall be located in a cool place to facilitate the condensation of moisture and oil vapors c A space in which there are struc- tural barriers to the extent that they significantly obstruct cross ventilation 50 204.136Ventilation in confined spaces the process unless a The use of chlorinated solvents is kept at least 200 feet from the exposed arc surfaces prepared with chlorinated solvents are thoroughly dry before welding is permitted on such surface TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT All welding and cutting operations carried on in confined spaces shall be ade- b Shaded goggles with side shields are worn by helpers and others in the 50 204.127Maintenance quately mechanically ventilated to pre- area not protected from the arc by Each employer shall be responsible for the safe conofd thi e tot ols i usedo by n his employees whether furnished by him or by them and be sure that such tools are suited by safe design and construction for the work to be done 50-204.128 tools Portable electric power vent the accumulation of toxic gases or possible oxygen deficiency or air supplied respirators approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines shall be provided to the welder and all other personnel in the immediate vicinity 50-204.137 Mechanical ventilation Mechanical ventilation shall consist of screening c Protective clothing is worn by welders and others within the area exposed to radiation so that the skin is covered completely to prevent burns and other damage by ultraviolet rays shirts worn are dark in color to reduce reflection to the face from underneath the helmet exposed cotton clothing is cov- a Electric power tools showing worn deteriorated or insulation - split or chipped plugs worn or bent plugs terminals defective switch shall be repaired b Portable electric power tools shall effectively grounded to maintain at all times an effective ground on the non- current carrying parts of the tools 50 204.129Portable pneumatic tools either general ventilation systems or lo- cal exhaust systems a General ventilation shall be at the minimum rate of 2,000 cubic feet per minute per welder . b Local exhaust shall consist of freely movable hoods intended to be placed by the welder as near as pra^ticable to the work being welded and provided with a rate of air flow sufficient to maintain a velocity in the direction of ered since it disintegrates rapidly when exposed to high intensities of ultraviolet rays welding helmets and hand shields are free of leaks and openings and free of highly reflective surfaces d Local exhaust ventilation or sup- plied air respirators are provided in all cases when doing inert metal welding of stainless steel to protect against dangerous concentrations of nitrogen dioxide a The operating trigger on portable pneumatic equipment shall be so located as to minimize the possibility of accidental operation and shall be arranged to close the air inlet valve automatically when the pressure of the operator's hand is removed b A tool retainer shall be installed on each piece of pneumatic equipment which without such a retainer may eject the tool c No tool change or work other than regular operations shall be made or done on any piece of portable operated the hood of 100 linear feet per minute in the zone of welding when the hood is at its most remote distance from the point of welding 50-204.138 Welding and cutting in- volving metals of toxic significance a Welding and cutting involving the following metals whether or not in confined spaces or in other enclosed spaces shall be done in accorwd ithatn hecpre o- visions of sections 204.136 and 204.137 1 bearing base of filler metals or metals coated with bearing ma- 50 204.141 ting General welding and cut- Welding and cutting not involving conditions or materials described in sec- tions 50-204.135 and 50-204.138 may normally be done without special precautions but where because of unusual physical or atmospheric conditions a harmful accumulation of contaminants would exist mechanical ventilation or suitable respiratory protective equipment shall be provided ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND EQUIPMENT equipment pneumatic unless the stop valve in the air line supplying that equip- clo iss cle osd ed 50 204.130Cables ropes and chains terials 2 Lead base metals 3 Cadmium filler materials b Welding or cutting involving the following metals in confined spaces shall 50-204.148 Electrical installation and equipment Electrical conductors and equipment installed within or on buildings and a Chains ropes cables hooks rings slings and other devices and accessories used for hoisting and lifting shall not be subjected to greater working loads than recommended by their manufacturers They shall be frequently inspected and be done using local exhaust ventilation or line respirators approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines 1 Metals containing lead other than as an impurity or metals coated with bearing materials including paint other premises and the conductors that connect the installation to a supply of electricity and other outside conductors adjacent to the premises shall conform to the minimum requireomf ethnetNas- tional Electrical Code 1959 Edition shall be renewed when inpection reveals 2 Cadmium or cadmium- National Fire Protection Association unsafe conditions b Bolts or nails shall not be used to connect splice or shorten chains Knots shall not be tied in the chain c A hoist cable shall be considered unsafe and shall be replaced when upon inspection 10 percent or more of the total num ofb wire es r are brokienna length coated base metals 3 Metals coated with mercury ing metals including paint 4 containing base or filller metals Because of its high toxicity work involving beryllium shall be done with both local exhaust ventilation and line respirators MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS 50-204.153 Flywheels Flywheels located so that any part is 7 feet or less above floor or platform shall be guarded in one of the following ways 13816 e RULES AND REGULATIONS $ a With an enclosure of sheet perforated or expanded metal or woven wire For standards see sections 50204.179 and 50 204.180 b With guard rails placed not less than 15 inches nor more than 20 inches from rim When flywheel extends into pit or is within 12 inches of floor a standard toe board shall also be provided For standards see section 50-204.185 c An adjustable guard to be used for starting the engine or for running adjustment may be provided at the flywheel of gas or oll engines A slot opening for the jack bar will be permitted d Wherever flywheels are above working areas guards shall be installed having sufficient strength to hold the weight of the flywheel in the event of a shaft or wheel mounting failure 50-204.154 Cranks and connecting rods Cranks and connecting rods when exposed to contact shall be guarded in accordance with sections 50 204.17a9nd 50 204.18o0r by a guard rail as described in section 50 204.185 50-204.155 Tail rods or extension piston rods Tall rods or extension piston rods shall be guarded in accordance with sections 50 204.17a9nd 50 204.18o1r by a guard rail on sides and end with a clearance of not less than 15 nor more than 20 inches when rod is fully extended 50-204.156 Governor balls Governor balls 6 feet or less from the floor or other working level when exposed to contact shall be provided with an enclosure extending to the top of the governors balls when at their highest position The material used in the construction of this enclosure shall conform to sections 50 204.17a9nd 50 204.181 50-204.157 Shafting installation a Each continuous line of shafting shall be secured in a position against excessive wise movement b Inclined and vertical shafts particularly inclined idler shafts shall be securely held in position against endwise $ 50-204.158 Guarding horizontal shaft- ing a All exposed parts of horizontal shafting 7 feet or less from floor or working platform excepting runways used exclusively for olling or running adjustments shall be protected by a stationary casing enclosing shafting completely or by a trough enclosing sides and top or sides and bottom of shafting as location requires b Wherever shafting extends over a driveway it shall be protected as stated above unless it is located 15 feet or more above driveway c Shafting under bench machines shall be enclosed by a stationary casing or by a trough at sides and top or sides and bottom as location requires The sides of the trough shall come within at least 6 inches of the underside of table or if shafting is located near floor with- in 6 inches of floor In every case the sides of the trough shall extend at least - 2 inches beyond the shafting or protuberance For requirements regarding materials and construction see sections 50 204.17a9nd 50 204.181 c Horizontal overhead belts more than 7 feet above floor or platform shall be guarded for their entire length under the following conditions 1 If located over passageways or $ 50-204.159 Guarding vertical and inclined shafting Vertical and inclined shafting 7 feet or less from floor or working platform excepting maintenance runways shall be enclosed with a stationary casing in accordance with requirements of sections 50 204.17a9 nd 50 204.181 work places and traveling 1800 feet or more per minute 2 If center to center distance between pulleys is 10 feet or more 3 If belt is 8 inches or more in width For detail of guard construction and for sizes of material see section 50-204.183 and table following section 50-204.184 d Where the upper and lower runs 50 204.160 Projecting shaft ends a Projecting shaft ends shall pre- sent a smooth edge and end and shall not project more than half the diameter of the shaft unless guarded by nonrotating caps or safety sleeves b Unused ways shall be filled up or covered 50 204.161 transmission appa ratus located in basements All mechanical power transmission apparatus located in basements towers and rooms used exclusively for power transmission equipment shall be guarded in accordance with these standards except that the requirements for safe- guarding belts pulleys and shafting of horizontal belts are so located that passage of persons between them would be possible the passage shall be either 1 Completely barred by a guard rail or other barrier in accordance with sections 50-204.179 and 50 204.18o 1r 2 Where passage is regarded as necessary there shall be a platform over the lower run guarded on either side by a railing completely filled in with wire mesh or other filler or by a solid barrier The upper run shall be so guarded as to prevent contact therewith either by the worker or by objects carried by him In power plants only the lower run of the belt need be guarded 50-204.164 Overhead chain and link belt drives may be omitted if the following con- Overhead chain and link belt drives ditions are met are governed by the same rules as over- a The basement tower or room oc- head horizontal belts and shall be cupied by transmission equipment is locked against unauthorized entrance guarded in the same manner as belts section 50 204.163 b The vertical clearance in passageways between the floor and power transmission beams ceiling or any other ob- 50 204.165 Vertical belts and inclined jects is not less than 5 feet 6 inches c The footing is dry firm and level d The route followed by the ofler is a Vertical and inclined belts shall be enclosed by guard conforming to standards in sections 50-204.179 and protected in such manner as to prevent : accidents 50-204.181 50-204.181 All guards for inclined belts shall 50 204.162 Pulleys be arranged in such a manner that a minimum clearance of 7 feet is main- Any parts of which are 7 feet or less tained between belt and floor at any from the floor or working platform shall pointoutsofigd uae rd be guarded in accordance with the stand- ards specified under section 50 50-204.166 204.179 Vertical belts and 50-204.181 Pulleys serving as bal- Vertical belts running over a lower ance wheels e.g. punch presses on pulley more than 7 feet above floor or which the point of contact between belt and pulley is more than 6 feet 6 inches from the floor or platform may be platform shall be guarded at the bottom in the same manner as horizontal overhead belts if conditions are such as stated guarded with a disk covering the spokes See section 50 204.180 in section 50 and ) 204.1631 2 50-204.163 Horizontal belts ropes and chain drives a Where both runs of horizontal belts are 7 feet or less from the floor level the guard shall extend to at least fifteen inches above the belt or to a standard height see table section 50 204.18e1xcept that where both runs of a horizontal belt are 42 inches or less from the floor the belt shall be fully enclosed in accordance with sections 50-204.179 and 50 204.181In power plants or development rooms a guard rail may be used in lieu of the requirement in section 50 204.163 b Overhead horizontal belts with lower part 7 feet or less from the floor or platform shall be guarded on sides and bottom in accordance with section 50- 50 204.167pulley belta a The cone belt and pulley shall be equipped with a belt shifter so constructed as to guard adequately the nippoint of the belt and pulley If the frame of the belt shifter does not adequately guard the point of the belt and pulley the point shall be further protected by means of a vertical guard placed in front of the pulley and extending at least to the top of the largest step of the cone b If the belt is of the endless type or laced with rawhide laces and a belt shifter is not d^'siredthe point of the belt pulley shall be protected by a point guard located in front of the cone extending at least to the top of the largest step of the cone and formed to show the contour of the cone in order Wednesday December 28 1960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13817 to give the point of the belt and pulley the maximum protection c If the cone is located less than 3 feet from the floor or working platform the cone pulley and belt shall be guarded to a height of 3 feet regardless of whether the belt is endless or laced with rawhide $ 50-204.168 Gears Gears shall be guarded in accordance with one of the following specifications a A complete enclosure b A standard guard as described in section 204.181 at least 7 feet high extending 6 inches above the mesh point of the gears c By a band guard covering the face of the gear and having flanges extended inward beyond the root of the teeth on the exposed side or sides Where any portion of the train of gears guarded by a band guard is less than 6 feet from the floor a disk guard or a complete enclosure to the height of 6 feet shall be required 50-204.169 Sprockets and chains All sprocket wheels and chains shall be enclosed unless more than 7 feet above the floor or platform Where the drive extends over other machines or working areas protection against falling shall be provided 50 204.170 Openings for oiling When frequent oiling must be made openings with hinged or sliding selfclosing covers shall be provided All points not readily accessible shall have oll feed tubes if lubricant is to be added while machinery is in motion 50 204.171 Friction drives a The driving point of all friction drives when exposed to contact shall be guarded b All arm or spoke friction drives and all web friction drives with holes in the web shall be entirely enclosed c All projecting bolts on friction drives where exposed to contact shall be guarded 50 204.172Keys set screws and other projections All projecting keys set screws and other projections in revolving parts shall be removed or made flush or guarded by metal covers This does not apply to keys or set screws within gear or sprocket casings or other enclosures nor to keys set screws or oil cups in hubs of pulleys less than twenty inches in diameter where they are within the plane of the , rim of the pulley 50-204.173 Collars All revolving collars including split collars shall be cylindrical and screws or bolts used in collars shall not project beyond collar the largest periphery of the 50-201.174 Couplings a Shaft couplings shall be so constructed as to present no hazard from bolts nuts set screws or revolving sur- . faces b Bolts nuts and set screws will however be permitted where they are covered with safety sleeves or where they are used parallel with the shafting and are countersunk or else do not extend beyond the flange of the coupling GUARD STANDards for MECHANICAL Power TRANSMISSION 12 square feet additional frame members shall be provided to maintain panel area within this limit 5 All joints of framework shall be made equivalent in strength to the material of the frame 50-204.179 Materials a Standard conditions will be se- 50-204.180 guards Disk shield and U cured by the use of the following materials Expanded metal perforated or solid metal or wire mesh on a frame of a Disk guard A disk guard shall consist of a metal disk not less than No. 22 gauge fastened by U bolts angle iron or iron pipe securely fastened to floor or to frame of machine see sec- or rivets to spokes of pulleys flywheels or gears Where possibility of contact tion 50-204.181 with sharp edges of the disk exists the 1 All metal shall be free from burrs and sharp edges 2 Wire mesh shall be of the type in which the wires are securely fastened at edge shall be rolled or wired In all cases the nuts shall be provided with lock nuts which shall be placed on the unexposed side of the wheel every cross point either by welding b Shield guards soldering or galvanizing except in case 1 A shield guard shall consist of a of diamond or square wire mesh made of No. 14 gauge wire inch mesh or frame filled in with wire mesh expanded perforated or solid sheet metal heavier 2 If area of shield does not exceed b Design of guards 1 Where it is necessary to change belts make adjustments or apply oil or grease guards shall have hinged sec- 6 square feet the wire mesh or expanded metal may be fastened in a framework of % inch solid rod inch x inch x inch angle iron or metal construction tions or be removable 2 Guards shall be designed so as not of equivalent strength 3 Metal shields may have edges en- to interfere with the usual machine op- tirely rolled around a inch solid iron erations but give the maximum protec- rod All material of shield guard shall tion to the operator meet the requirements of section * c Methods of manufacture 50-204.181 1 Filler material shall be expanded metal sheet or perforated metal or wire mesh and be securely fastened to frame 2 By welding to frame every 4 inches By weaving through channel or angle frame or if No. 14 gauge inch mesh or heavier is used by bending entirely around rod frames 3 Where openings in pipe railing are to be filled in with expanded metal wire or sheet metal the filler material shall be made into panels with rolled edges or bound with V or U edging of No. 24 gauge or heavier sheet metal c U Guards A U guard consisting of a flat surface with edge members shall be designed to cover the under surface and lower edge of a belt multiple chain or rope drive It shall be constructed of materials specified in table of section 50 204.18a1 nd shall conform to the requirements of sections 50204.183 and 50-204.184 Edges shall be smooth and if size of guard requires these edges shall be reinforced by rolling wiring or by binding with angle or flat iron 50-204.181 Approved materials fastened to the panels with bolts or rivets spaced not more than 5 inches center to center The bound panels shall be fastened to the railing by metal clips spaced not more than 5 inches center to center 4 Where the design of guards re- a Minimum Requirements The materials and dimensions specified in this section shall apply to all guards ex- cept horizonal overhead belts rope cable or chain guards more than 7 feet above floor or platform For the latter quires filled material of greater area than see table following section 50 204.184 TABLE OF Standard MATERIALS AND DIMENSIONS Material Clearance from points moving all points at Largest mesh or opening allowable Minimum gauge Minimum U.B. standard or =) height of guard thickness platfpolramtffolrmoorllavaelvel Woven wire .... Expanded metal Perforated metal Sheet metal . sees Wood or metal strip crossed Wood or metal strip not crossed Under 2" " " Under " -16 Undor " Under Under " Under -15 Under 4 -16 35 35 yi 16 16 " H 2 "" width width No. 16 No. 16 No. 16 No. 12 eaeeeneeee orem] No. No. 22 No. 18 ee: Metal No.18 Wood No. weet Metal No.1616 Metal 18 7'0 7'0 7'0 '7'0 7'0 " 70 TO id a -,, 70 70 Std rail Max 2 20 0]}See Standard for Railings Section 204.185 No. Part S22 a 13818 y RULES AND REGULATIONS h Framework belt and follow the line of the pulley to 1 Minimum dimensions of material the celling or be carried to the nearest for the framework of all guards except wall thus enclosing the belt effectively as noted in subparagraph 5 of this paragraph shall be angle iron 1 inch x 1 inch x inch metal pipe of inch inside diameter or metal construction of Where belts are so located as to make it impracticable to carry the guard to wall or ceiling construction of the guard shall be such as to enclose completely the equivalent strength 2 All guards shall be rigidly braced every 3 feet or fractional part of their height to some fixed part of machinery or building structure Where guard is top and bottom runs of belt and the face of pulleys See section 50-204.163 b and c b The guard and all its supporting members shall be securely fastened to exposed to contact with moving equipment additional strength is necessary wall or ceiling by gimlet lag screws or through bolts In case of masonry 3 The framework for all guards construction expansion bolts shall be fastened to floor or working platform used and without other support or bracing c Suitable reinforcement shall be shall consist of 1inch x 1inch x provided for the ceiling rafters or over- inch angle iron metal pipe or 1inch head floor beams where such is neces- inside diameter or metal construction of sary to sustain safely the weight and equivalent strength All rectangular guards shall have at least 4 upright stress likely to be imposed by the guard The interior surface of all guards by frame members each of which shall be which is meant the surface of the guard carried to the floor and be securely with which a belt will come in contact fastened thereto 4 Cylindrical guards shall have at shall be smooth and free from all projections of any character except where least 3 supporting members carried to floor construction demands it protruding shallow round rivets may be used 5 Guards thirty inches or less in height and with a total surface not in excess of ten square feet may have a Overhead belt guards shall be at least quarter wider than the belt which they protect except that this clearance framework of inch solid rod inch ^ inch x inch angle or metal construction of equivalent strength The filling material shall correspond to the requirements of the table contained in need not in any case exceed 6 inches on each side Overhead rope drive and block and guard guas rds shall be not less than 6 inches wider than the drive on each side paragraph a of this section c The specifications given in para- graphs a and b of this section are the minimum requirements where guards are exposed to unusual wear deterioration or impact heavier material and construction shall be used to protect amply against the specific hazards involved In overhead silent chain guards where the chain is held from lateral displacement on the sprockets the side clearances required on drives of 20 inch centers or under shall not be less than ...inch from the nearest moving chain part and on drives of over 20 inch centers a minimum of inch from the nearest moving chain part 50-204.182 Wood guards a Wood guards may be used in the woodworking and chemical industries in industries where the presence of fumes or where manufacturing conditions would cause the rapid deterioration of metal guards also in construction work and in locations outdoors where extreme cold or extreme heat makes metal guards and railings undesirable In all other industries wood guards will not be allowed b Material and construction 1 Wood shall be sound tough and free from any loose knots 2 Guards shall be made of planed lumber not less than one inch rough board measure and edges and corners rounded off d The table following section 50204.184 gives sizes of materials to be used and general construction of guards for belts 10 inches or more in width No material for overhead belt guards should be smaller than that specified in this table for belts 10 to 14 inches wide even if the belt is less than 10 inches in width However No. 20 gauge sheet metal may be used as a filler on guards for belts less than 10 inches wide Ex- panded metal because of the sharp edges shall not be used as a filler in hori- zontal belt guards e For clearance between guards and belts ropes or chains of various center to center dimensions between the shafts see bottom of table following section 50 204.184 3 Wood guards shall be securely fastened together with wood screws hard wood dowel pins bolts or rivets 4 While no definite dimensions are given under this heading for framework or filler materials wood guards shall be equal in strength and rigidity to metal guards specified in section 50- 204.181 a b c $ 50-204.184 Guards for horizontal overhead rope and chain drives Overhead and chain guard construction shall conform to section 50204.183 for overhead guard construction of similar width except that the filler materials shall be of the solid type as shown in table following section 5 For construction of standard wood railing see section 50-204.185 50 204.183Guards for horizontal overhead belts 50 204.18u1nless the fire hazard de- mands the use of open construction A side guard member of the same solid fill- ing material shall be carried up in a vertical position 2 inches above the level a Guards for horizontal overhead belts shall run the entire length of the of the lower run of the rope or chain drive and 2 inches within the periphery of the pulleys which the guard encloses thus forming a trough These side filler members shall be reinforced on the edges with 1inch x ...inch flat steel riveted to the filling material at not greater than 8 inch centers the reinforcing strip shall be fastened or bolted to all guard supporting members with at least one inch rivet or bolt at each intersection and the ends shall be secured to the ceiling with lag screws or bolts The filling materials shall be fastened to the framework of the guard and the filler supports by inch rivets spaced on 4 inch centers The width of the multiple drive shall be determined by measuring the distance from the outside of the first to the outside of the last rope or chain in the accommodated by the pulley 50-204.185 Guard rails and toe boards a Guard rails shall be 42 inches in height with mid between top rail and floor b Posts shall be not more than 8 feet apart they are to be permanent and substantial smooth and free from protruding nails bolts and splinters If made of pipe the post shall be 1inches inside diameter or larger If made of metal shapes or bars their section shall be equal in strength to that of 1by 1 by inch angle iron If made of wood the posts shall be 2 x 4 inches or larger The upper rail shall be 2 x 4 inches or two 1 x 4 strips one at the top and one at the side of posts The mid shall be 1 x 4 inches or more The rails metal shapes metal bars or wood shall be on that side of the posts which gives the best protection and support Where panels are fitted with expanded metal or wire mesh as noted in table section 204.181 the middle rails may be omitted Where guard is exposed to contact with moving equipment additional strength may be necessary c Toe boards shall be 4 inches or more in height of wood metal or of metal grill not exceeding 1 inch mesh MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE GUARDING 50 204.190Lathes screw machines and : automatic a Chucks and face plates shall be free from projections and dogs if used shall be of the safety type circular in shape with no projections beyond the periphery b Chip guards to catch flying chips particularly in the case of the high speeds used in softer metals shall be provided c Rotating stock in turret lathes and automatic screw machines shall be com- pletely enclosed in pipe long enough to contain the longest stock used d Suitable shields and oil catchers shall be provided to prevent slipperiness from oil thrown from the automatic screw machines . 50-204.191 Drill presses a All projections on the rotating spindle and as much as possible of the spindle itself should be guarded b Spindle drive belts when in range of the operator's head or body shall be guarded to protect the operator from both contact and breakage ft Wednesday December 28 ind FEDERAL REGISTER 13819 FOR Horizonial Belts Ropes and Chains 7 Feet or More ^bove GUARD REQUIREMENTS FLOOR OF PLATFORM Members Over 10 to 14 incl Width Over 14 to 24 incl Over 24 Material | Framework Filler belt guards Filler and vertical side member Filler supports 135 134 ^ H ^ x Me 14 " " " -- No. 20 A.W.G. No. 18 A.W.G x eflat iron 2 x 16 flat tron Guard supports 21 21 Me 36 x -| a x8" x H"._....| " " No. 18 A.W.G 234 x 244 ^ 34 | angle 234 Angle iron Flat iron Solid sheet metal Flat & Angle Flat iron b General requirements for point of operations guarding Every point of operation guarding device shall be simple and reliable in construction application and adjustment It shall be permanently attached to the press or the die It shall not offer any accident hazard in itself 1 The device shall be designed and constructed so that it is impossible for the operator to place or permit his hand or fingers to remain within the danger zone created by the movement of the FASTENINGS F^...llersupports to framework Filler flats to supports bolt | to frame and Filler supports rope and chain guards Guardsupports to framework Guard supports to overhead | ceiling 2 1 ^> 1 s ' He ee ee eee ( 36 M M rivets spaced " centers sides 44 36 lag x 84 lag Burews or " bolts 2 36 4 x " lag screws or 54 bolts 23 14 14 ae and ce nters on 2 " " " lag screws or 34 bolts Rivets Flush rivets bottom Rivets or bolts Lag screws or bolts DETAILS ETC. suports_ or Width of guards_ C Spacing between filler supports_ | filler flat belt quarter wider than belt rope chain drive 20""tCo 16 O t o C. 16 O to a part ---- 214 apart " apes .. SSppaacciinngg bbeettwweeeenn ) guard supports 36 C. to 36 O . to C3 6 C36 C. tc C OTHER BELT GUARD FILLING PERMITTED Sheet metal fastened as in rope | No. 20 A.W.G No. 18 A.W.G and chain guards Woven wire 2 mesh No. 12 A.W.G No. 10 A.W.G. No. 18 A.W.G No. A.W.G per- Bolid or forated CLEARANCE FROM OUTSIDE OF BELT BOPE OR CHAIN DRIVE TO GUARD Distance center to center Clearance from belt rope or gua to r guadrd Up to 18 incl .... Up Over 15 to 25 incl Over 25 to 40 incl 10 15 Over 40 20 Tam 2 Care shall be used in the selection of the method of guarding for each particular job Guards shall be installed maintained and adjusted to produce safe operation at each setting of the press 3 Guards which are attached to the ram and which move downward so that the operator's hand or fingers might be caught between gate and lower die shall not be used c Fixed barrier guard 1 A fixed barrier guard is an enclosure to prevent the hands or fingers of the operator from entering the area between the dies It may be attached to the press or individ- ual guar mad y s be attatocth he e did es 2 There shall be no exposed shear points between the guard and any mov- ing part 3 Openings in the guard or between the guard and working surface shall not than those shown in the Table be gberleowater 50 204.192Planera and shapers metal a The spaces between the ways of planer frames shall be filled in smoothly with heavy sheet metal to eliminate the shear hazard b Where there is not a inch clearance between a fixed object and the planer table and the work carried on the table a railing shall be provided between the fixed object and the table and the work on the table to protect workers passing between the fixed object and the consist of a handed device requiring the simultaneous use of the worker's two hands at points outside the zone of danger b In addition to the point of opera- tion guard or device described in section 50-204.194 the driven guillotine cutter shall be provided with an arrangement which will prevent the cutter from making a second stroke until the lever or handed device is again . 50 204.195Power presses PERMISSIBLE OPENINGS INCHES Distance of opening from nip point % to 1 % to 2 % to 3to 5 % to 6 6to 7 % % Maximum width opening % % % % 1 4 For the portion of the guard be- tween the operator and the die or working area it is required that inch minimum vertical steel rods vertically planer a Safeguarding classification One slotted material or shatterproof non- 50-204.193 Shears a Alligator shears shall be guarded by running a heavy shaped metal strap horizontally around the moving upper jaw with the lower edge of the strap just far enough above the cutting edge of the fixed lower jaw to allow the materiatlo be inserted in the shears b Squaring shears shall be provided with a fixed barrier which clears the top of the table by more than inch plus the minimum thickness of material or more means of safeguarding the press at the point of operation shall be pro- vided and used on every power press depending upon the method of feeding in accordance with the following SAFEGUARDING CLASSIFICATION Method of feeding press Automatic feed Automatic feed Automatic push pull or dial feed Bemiautomatic feed Safeguarding required Fixed barrier guard or gate guard section 50-204.195 c d Fixed barrier guard or flammable transparent material be used Mesh or perforated plate shall not be , used between the operator and the die 5 Any hinged or movable section of a fixed barrier guard shall be con- nected to an interlocking device that will prevent tripping the press while the sec- tion is open d Gate guards 1 A gate guard is a movable barrier arranged so that it completes the enclosure of the point of operation before the operating clutch can for which used Automatic clamps shall be acceptable as guards when cutouts are filled in so that fingers of the op- erator cannot enter the danger zone 50-204.194 driven Guillotine cutters power- a Power guillotine cutters shall be equipped with a guard or device which will prevent the hands of the workers from entering the zone traveled by the knife while the knife is in motion This may be a fixed barrier or it may Chute feed both gravity and fol- gate guard section 50 204.195c d low feed Blide or push feed Sliding dies Dial feed Revolving dies Manual Fixed barrierguard or gate guard two- hand tripping device or pull guard electronic sweep guard section 50204.195 0 d e f g b become engaged 2 Openings in the barrier of the gate guard shall be not greater than those specified for the openings in fixed barrier guards in section 50 204.193 5 The mechanism of the guard shall be de- signed so that there will be no positive linkage or other close motion which may trap the hand of the operator 3 Gate guards shall include either fixed or movable side enclosures around the die 13820 oe RULES AND REGULATIONS 4 When the speed of the ram is so slow that an operator might beat the ram on the down stroke after the press has been tripped the gate guard shall be designed so that the gate remains closed until the ram has completed the down stroke c hand tripping device 1 hand tripping devices include only those which make it impossible to trip the press without the simultaneous use of both hands outside the danger zone It shall be designed located and arranged so as to prevent tying wedging or otherwise securing one handle or but- ton or operating it with any gesture or device and tripping the press while the other hand may be in the danger zone 2 On the operated presses the controls shall be arranged so that if any hand is removed from a conduring the down stroke of the ram it will be instantly stopped 3 Where two or more persons are engaged in the operation of a single press separate hand controls shall be provided for each person except that an auxiliary foot control air or electric may be used in lieu of one set of hand controls provided the foot control is located so that the nip point is out of the reach of the operator but the foot controls shall in no case be less than a dis- tance of 36 inches measured horizontally from the nip point f Pull guards 1 Pull guards shall be so constructed as to be attached to the operator's hands or arms and connected to the ram plunger or outer slide of the press in such a way that the operator's hands and fingers will be withdrawn from the danger zone before the ram plunger or outer slide descends to a hazardous point 2 Where the open distance between the top of the work and the lower extremity of the punch is less than 2 inches the multiplying action of this guard shall be such that the hands will be with- drawn a safe distance before this open distancies ...closed g Electronic safety device 1 An electronic safety device shall be so designed and installed that when the operator's hand or any part of the body is in the die zone the press cannot be tripped and if the hand or any part of the body is inserted while the ram is in a downward motion it will immedi- ately stop the ram 2 These guards shall be operated from a circuit wired so that interruption of the electric current will automatically prevent the press from tripping until the current has been restored (3) Electronic safety devices shall not be used on positive clutch presses where the ram continues for a complete stroke after each tripping of the press h Sweep guards 1 Sweep guards may be provided with either single or double sweep arms The sweep arm or arms shall be connected to the ra'n in such a way as to forcibly sweep the hands of the operator from the die zone as the ram or plunger descends and before there is danger of injury 2 Sweep guards shall besodesigned and operated that the operator cannot reach behind the guard in the danger zone before the ram has completed its downward stroke 3 The sweep or sweeps shall not offer any hazard of or in themselves by creating a shear hazard between the sweep arm and press tie rods die straps or other parts of the press or guard 1 hand tripping device When- ever a press is set up so as to require tripping the ram or plunger by one hand additional guarding as specified in section 50-204.195 shall be provided j Special hand tools Hand tools for placing and removing material shall be such as to permit easy handling of material without the operator's placing a hand in the danger zone Such tools shall not be accepted in lieu of other guarding as provided in this section 50 204.198Platen presseB Platen presses shall be provided with an automatic feed device an automatic stop device a guard gate or sweep motion device or another device all as defined in this section a An automatic feed device is one which does not require the operator's hand to be placed between the platen and bed - b An automatic stop device is one which will prevent the platen from clos- ing if the hand or hands of the operator are caught between the platen and the bed c A guard gate or sweep motion device is one which will throw the op- erator's hands out of the way before the press closes If the guard is of the type which lifts the hands out of the 50 204Foot presses danger zone it shall rise at least 4 inches above the platen before the press closes Foot presses shall be guarded by one The guard shall be arranged so that it or more of the guards described in sec- will prevent a shear between the guard tion 50-204.195 a to d inclusive and the top of the platen a Fired barrier guards Fixed bar- d Another device is one that will rier guards shall conform to section 50- prevent the platen from closing on the 204.195 operator's hands before they are removed b Limitation of stroke If a foot from between the platen and the bed or kick press is guarded by limitation of the ram stroke the adjustment must be 50 204.199 Abrasive wheels set and locked securely in position to a The machine shall be securely limit the maximum travel of the ram to mounted on substantial floors benches inch on each stroke There shall be no pinching or crushing hazards between other parts of the ram or die shoe foundations or other adequate structures b Guards Every stationary abra- sive wheel and portable wheel in c Gate guards A gate shall be designed to close the opening at the front of the press before the foot lever can be operated d hand operation operations shall conform to 204.195 e . hand section 50- e Sweep guards Sweep guards shall conform to section 50 204.195 f Pull guards Pull guards shall conform to section 50 204.195 stationary position shall be equipped with a hood or band guard strong enough to withstand the shock of a bursting wheel A guard of this type shall also be used on every portable wheel where the nature of the work will permit c Spindle The spindle and nut and flange projection if any shall be guarded d Mountings and fastenings Hoods shall be mounted so as to maintain proper alignment with the wheels and g Location Foot presses shall not the strength of the fastenings shall ex- be located in a position which will permit ceed the strength of the hood the operating lever to extend into an e Dust exhaust provisions Hoods aisle or passageway on machines used for dry grinding and h Mounting Foot presses shall be other operations where dust is produced securely bolted to the floor shall have provisions made for connec- 50 204.197 Other power safety devices a Treadle guard A substantial tion to an exhaust system f Work rests Work rests shall be kept adjusted close to the wheel with a maximum distance of inch to prevent guard shall be placed over the treadle the work from being caught between the of every operated power press to wheel and the rest prevent accidental tripping b Foot treadle The use of tension springs or counterweights on any treadle shaft or tension springs on any treadleshaft lever is prohibited c Latch on operating lever operated power presses shall be equipped with a spring latch on the operating lever to prevent accidental or 50-204.200 inders Revolving drums and cyl- Every revolving barrel drum or other revolving container shall be guarded by an enclosure which is interlocked with the driving mechanism so that the barrel or drum cannot revolve unless the guard enclosure is in place premature tripping d Interlocking device Each hand- operated power press if tended by more than one person at one time shall conform to the requirements of section 50204.195 1 and 3 50-204.201 Fans When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than 7 feet above the floor or working level the blades shall be guarded e stroke attachments On positive clutch presses a singlestroke attachment shall be provided by which the treadle or operating lever is disconnected after each stroke WOODWORKING MACHINERY 50 204.208 Circular table saws a Guards Each circular saw shall be guarded by a hood which shall com- Wednesday December 28 _ jo 4 FEDERAL REGISTER 4 13821 pletely enclose that portion of the saw above the table and shall be arranged so that the hood will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of and remain in contact with the material being cut Where there is a possibility of contact with a portion of a circular saw beneath or behind the saw table that portion shall be covered with a guard to prevent accidental contact with the saw b Spreaders Each circular ripsaw shall be furnished with a spreader to prevent material from squeezing the saw or being thrown back on the operator A spreader need not be used for work which is restricted to grooving dadoing or rabbeting c kickback fingers or dogs Each circular ripsaw shall be provided with kickback fingers or dogs so located as to oppose the thrust or tendency of the saw to pick up the material or to throw it back toward the operator 50-204.209 Swing and sliding cut from flying splinters broken saw teeth etc. and will deflect sawdust away from the operator The sides of the lower exposed portion of the blade shall be guarded to the full diameter of the blade by a device that will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of the stock and remain in contact with stock being cut to give maximum protection possible for the operation being performed b Spreaders When radial saws are used for ripping a spreader shall be pro- vided meeting the requirements ex- pressed in section 50 204.208 c kickback fingers or dogs Each radial saw used for ripping shall be provided with kickback fingers or dogs located on both sides of the saw so as to oppose the thrust or tendency of the saw to pick up the material or to throw it back toward the operator d Adjustable stops and return de- vices An adjustable stop shall be pro- vided to prevent the forward travel of the blade beyond the position necessary to zontal head shall be equipped with a cylindrical cutting head the knife projection of which shall not exceed inch beyond the cylindrical body of the head 2 The clearance between the edge . of the rear table and the cutter head shall be not more than inch The table throat opening shall be not more than 2inches when tables are set or aligned with each other for zero cut b Automatic guards 1 Each hand jointer with a horizontal cutting head shall have an automatic guard which will cover all the section of the head on the working side of the fence or gage The guard shall keep the operator's hand from coming in contact with the revolving knives The guard shall automatically adjust itself to cover the unused portion of the head and remain in contact with the material at all times 2 Each hand jointer with hori- zontal cutting head shall have a guard which will cover the section of the head saws complete the cut in repetitive operations back of the gage or fence The requirements expressed in this Portable circular saws 3 Each wood jointer with vertical section apply to all swing cut saws 50-204.212 head shall have either an exhaust hood and to those sliding cut saws which All portable driven saws shall or other guard so arranged as to enclose are mounted above the table be equipped with guards above and below completely the revolving head except for a Hood Each of the saws to which the base plate or shoe The upper guard a slot of such width as may be necesssary this section applies shall be provided shall cover the saw to the depth of the and convenient for the application of with a hood that shall completely en- teeth except for the arc required to material to be jointed hand olose the upper half of the saw the arbor permit the base to be tilted The lower 50-204.215 Wood shapers end and the point of operation at all guard shall cover the saw to the depth panel raisers and similar machines positions of the saw The hood shall of the teeth except for the minimum are a The cutting heads of each wood be constructed in such a manner and of required to allow proper retraction and hand panel raiser or other such material that it will protect the contact with the work When the tool shaper similar machine not automatically fed operator from flying splinters and broken is withdrawn from the work the lower shall be enclosed with a cage or adjust- saw teeth It shall be designed so that guard shall automatically and instantly able guard designed to keep the opera- it will automatically cover the lower por- return to covering position tor's hands away from the cutting edge tion of the blade so that when the saw $ 50-204.213 Band saws and band re- The diameter of circular shaper guards is returned to the back of the table the Baws shall be not less than the greatest di- hood will rise on top of the fence and a Enclosing band blades All ameter of the cutter In no case shall when the saw is moved forward the hood portions of the saw blade shall be en- a warning device of leather or other will drop on top of and remain in con- closed or guarded except for the work- material attached to the spindle be tact with the table or material being ing portion of the blade between the bot- acceptable cut tom of the guide rolls and the table b Cylindrical heads shall be used b Counterweights Each of the Band wheels shall be fully encased whenever the nature of the work will saws to which this section applies shall be provided with an effective device to the back The outside periphery of the enclosure shall be solid The front and back of permit c All spindle shapers shall with starting and stopping return the saw automatically to of the table when released at any point the band wheels shall be either enclosed be provided a by solid material or by wire mesh or device for each spindle in its travel c Limit stops Limit chains or other perforated metal Such mesh or per- 50 204.216Planing molding sticking equally effective devices shall be provided forated metal shall be not less than 0.037 and matching machines inch U.S. Gauge No. 20 and the open- to prevent the saw from swinging beyond ings shall be not greater than inch a Each planing molding sticking the front or back edges of the table Solid material used for this purpose shall and matching machine shall have all d Latches A latch or equivalent be of an equivalent strength and firm- cutting heads and saws if used covered is device shall be provided to prevent the ness The guard for the portion of the by a metal guard If such guard con- saw from rebounding upon its return- to blade between the sliding guide and the structed of sheet metal the material used the rear of the table . wheel guard shall protect the shall be not less than inch in thick- 50-204.210 Inverted swing cut sawa operator from the saw blade at the front ness and if cast iron is used it shall jump saws . and outer side Brakes shall be pro- be not less than inch in thickness shall be vided to stop the wheel in case of blade b Where an exhaust system is used Inverted swing saws .. the guards shall form part or all of the provided with a hood that will cover the breakage exhaust hood and shall be constructed part of the saw that protrudes above the b Tension Each band ma- of metal of a thickness not less than that top of the table or above the material chine shall be provided with a tension ten- specified in paragraph a of this section being cut It shall automatically adjust control device to indicate a proper c Feed rolls shall be guarded by a itself to the thickness of and remain in sion for the standard saws used on the hood or sultable guard to prevent the contact with the mat^rialbeing cut machine c Feed rolls Feed rolls of band re- hands of the operator from coming in 50 204.211Radial saws saws shall be protected with a guard to contact with the running rolls at any a Hoods and guards The upper prevent the hands of the operator from point The guard shall be fastened to the frame carrying the rolls so as to re- hood shall completely enclose the upper of the blade down to a point coming in contact with the running rolls at any point main in adjustment for any thickness of portion stock that will include the end of the saw 50 204.214Jointers d Surfacers or planers used in proc- arbor The upper hood shall be con- 1 Each essing multiple pieces of material simul- structed in such a manner and of such material that it will protect the operator a Point of operation hand planer and jointer with hori- taneously shall be provided with sec- 13822 RULES AND REGULATIONS ^' tional infeed rolls having sufficient yield in the construction of the sections to provide feeding contact pressure on the stock over the permissible range of variation in stock thickness specified or for which the machine is designed In Heu of such yielding sectional rolls suitable section kickback finger devices shall be provided at the infeed end 50-204.217 Sanding machines a Feed rolls Feed rolls of feed sanding machines shall be protected with a cylindrical guard to prevent the hands of the operator from coming in contact with the running rolls at any point The guard shall be constructed of heavy material firmly secured to the frame carrying the rolls so as to remain in adjustment for any thickness of stock The bottom of the guard shall come down to within inch of a plane formed by the bottom or contact face of the feed roll where it touches the stock b Drum sanding machines Each drum sanding machine shall have an exhaust hood or other guard arranged to enclose the revolving drum except for that portion of the drum above the table if a table is used c Disk sanding machines Each disk sanding machine shall have the exhaust hood or other guard if no ex- haust system is required arranged to enclose the revolving disk except for that portion of the disk above the table If a table is used d Belt sanding machines Belt sanding machines shall be provided with guards at each nip point where the sand- ing belt runs on to pulley The unused run of the sanding belt shalble guarded against accidental contact HOUSEKEEPING 50 204.229General All phases of employment passage- shall ways storerooms and service rooms be kept clean and orderly and in a sanitary condition 50 204.230Floors a Floors of every workroom shall be maintainiancleeadn and so far as pos- xible a dry condition Where wet proc- esses are used drainage shall be maintained and false floors platforms mats or other dry standing places should be provided where practicable b Cleaning and sweeping shall be done in such a manner as to minimize the contamination of the air with dust and so far as is practicable should be done outside of working hours c Every floor working place and passageway shall be kept free from pro- truding nails splinters holes or loose 58-204.231 Flammable materials Oily rags olly waste waste paper and other dammable and combustible mate- rial shall be stored in tightly closed metal containers Magnesium and other flam- mable metal scraps shall not be mixed with other scrap All flammable scrap material of any kind shall be removed from the work areas daily 50-204.232 Tools and other materials Tools materials or debris shall not be strewn about in a manner which may cause tripping or other hazards 50-204.253 posal Receptacles for waste dis- Any receptacle used for decaying solid or liquid waste or refuse shall be so constructed that it does not leak and may be conveniently and thoroughly cleaned and it shall be maintained in a sanitary condition Such a receptacle shall be equipped with a fitting cover 50-204.234 moval Sweeping and refuse re- All sweepings solid or liquid waste refuse and garbage shall be removed in such a manner as to avoid creating a nuisance or menace to health and as often as necessary to maintain the place of employment in a sanitary condition TOILET FACILITIES AND WASH Rooms 50-204.239 sex Separate toilet for each Every place of employment shall be provided with adequate toilet facilities which are separate for each sex 50-204,240 Location Toilet facilities shall be provided so as to be readily accessible to all employees Toilet facilities so located that employees must use more than one floor flight of stairs are not considered as readily accessible 50-204.241 Water closets Water closets or chemical closets or privies where permitted by local law shall be provided for each sex and shall be in accordance with the following table The number to be provided for each sex shall in every case be based on the maximum number of persons of that sex employed at any one time at work on the premises for which the facilities are furnished When persons other than employees are permitted the use of toilet facilities on the premises a reasonable allowance shall be made for such other persons in computing the minimum number of tollet facilities required a Minimum number of Number of persons 1 to facilities 1 10 to 24 2 25 to 40 8 50 to 74 4 75 to 100 over 100 ( 1 for each additional 30 persons Where 10 or more are employed one water closet less than the number specifiled in the foregoing may be provided for men for each urinal except that the number of water closets in such cases may not be reduced to less than two- thirds of the number specified in the foregoing Two feet of trough urinal shall be considered as equivalent to one individual urinal b An adequate supployf toilet paper with holder shall be provided for every water closet c Covered receptacles shall be kept in all toilet rooms used by women 50-204.242 roonis Construction of toilet a Each toilet facility closet shall occupy a separate compartment equipped with a door latch and clothes hook b The walls of compartments or partitions between fixtures may be less than the height of room walls but the top shall not be less than six feet from the floor and the bottom not more than one foot from the floor c The door to every toilet room shall be fitted with an effective closing device and the entrance to the toilet rooms shall be so screened that the interior of the toilet room is not visible from the workroom d The floors walls ceflings partitions and doors of all toilet rooms shall be of a finish that can be easily cleaned e Toilet rooms except those in work places accessible to men only shall be completely enclosed with solid material that is nontransparent from the outside 50 204.243Chemical privies closets and When chemical closets or privies are permitted by local law they shall be of a type approved by the health authorities having jurisdiction and shall be maintained in a sanitary condition 50-204.244 Washing facilities Adequate facilities for maintaining personal cleanliness shall be provided in every place of employment These shall be convenient for the employees for whom they are provided and shall be maintained in a sanitary condition a least one lavatory wash'basin with adequate hot and cold water shall be provided for every 20 employees men or women or portion thereof up to 100 persons and one lavatory wash basin for each additional 25 persons or portion thereof Twenty inches of sink with individual faucet shall be considered as equal to one lavatory In all in- shal stances a suitable cleansing agent be provided at each wash place b Where employees are exposed to skin contamination by poisonous infectious or irritating material one lavatory supplied with hot and cold water shall be provided for every 5 employees c One shower bath with ample supply of hot and cold water from one fixture shall be supplied for every 15 workers or portion thereof exposed to excessive beat or to skin contamination by poisonous infectious or irritating material d Individual hand towels or sections thereof of cloth or paper or mechanical apparatus for drying the hands shall be provided Proper receptacles or other sanitary means shall be maintained for the disposal of used towels Towels for common use shall not be provided e Adequate washing facilities shall be provided in every toilet room or adjacent thereto Wednesday December 28 1960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13823 50-204.245 Change rooms water the construction of the container furnace tending and irradiation with oa, Separate change or dressing rooms shall be provided for each sex wher- ever it is the practice to change from street clothes or wherever it is necessary to change because the work performed involves exposure to excessive dirt heat fumes vapor or moisture Where change rooms are not provided facili- ties shall be furnished for hanging outer garments a Where employees work clothes are exposed to contamination by poisonous infectious or irritating material facili- shall be such that the ice does not come in direct contact with the water c Open containers such as barrels pails or tanks for drinking water from which the water must be dipped or poured whether or not they are fitted with a cover shall not be allowed d The common drinking cup is prohibited e Where single service cups are sup- plied a sanitary container for the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the used cups shall be provided ultraviolet light 8 50 204.270First burns for chemical Where workers eyes may be exposed to injurious chemical materials such as acids caustics etc. suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes shall be provided within the workroom for immediate emergency use ENVIRONMENtal ConditioNS 50 fumes 204.275 Toxic gase and dusts , , mists vapors ties shall be provided in change rooms so that street and work clothes will not be stored in contact with each other 50 204.259 potable water Outlets for potable water such No employee shall be exposed to any of the gases vapors mists dusts or fumes b Where the process in which the worker is engaged is such that his working clothes become wet or have to be washed between shifts provision shall as water for industrial or fighting purposes only shall be posted to indicate that the water is unsafe and is not to be used for drinking washing or cooking on the list in section 50-204.276 which exceed the limits there stated when applied to him on an average basis for an eight hour workday unless he is pro- be made to insure that such clothing is dry before use 50 204.246Retiring rooms for women Where 10 or more women are employed at any one time at least one retiring room shall be provided a Where less than 10 women are employed and a retiring room is not furnished some equivalent space shall be provided which can be properly screened for privacy and made suitable for the use of women employees b At least one couch or bed shall be purposes MEDICAL SERVICES 50-204.264 Medical services a The employer shall assure the ready availability of qualified medical personnel for advice and consultation on plant health problems for emergency medical services and for the supervision of first attendants b In the absence of an infirmary a person trained to render first aid and a kit containing the following items shall be available at every place of tected therefrom by respiration equipment approved for the purpose by the United States Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the Interior and operated in accordance with the recommendations of its manufacturer Exposures without such equipment which exceed such limits temporarily without exceeding them on a daily average basis or which involve more than one such toxic substance regardless of the degree of its concentration are also hazardous unless they are undertaken in strict conformity with provided in every place where women are employment prior written approval of a qualified in- employed The number of such beds or couches required shall be as follows 1 Adhesive Plaster " x 8 yd Roll 1 Adhesive Plaster 1 x 5 yd Roll 2 Absorbent Cotton ounce packages dustrial hygienist who has studied the particular circumstances of exposure and the toxic substances and concentra- 1 to 100_ 100 to 250 ....-.--------------------- 2 1 additional bed for each additional 250 women employees A minimum of 60 square feet per bed shall be provided 1 1 100 1 1 1 Absorbent Gauze 1 yd Activo Soap ounce bottle Adhesive Bandages Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia ounce bottle Boric Acid Solution ounce bottle - Castor Oil ounce bottle tions involved 50 204.276Threshold limit values Gases and Substance par cubic LUNCH ROOMS AND FOOD Handling 12 Compress Bandages meter of air 4 Compress Bandages 50-204.251 Location 12 Cotton Wound Applicators In all places of employment where employees lunch on the premises an adequate space suitable for that purpose shall be provided for the maximum number of employees who may use such space at one time Such space shall be separate from any location where there is exposure to toxic materials 50-204.252 Waste food disposal A covered receptacle shall be provided and shall be used by employees for the disposal of all waste food 1 Eye Cup 1 Eye Dropper 6 Finger Cots 6 Foille for Burns oz tubes 1 Follle for Burns ounce bottle 6 Gauze Roller Bandages ' x 6 yds 6 Gauze Roller Bandages 2 x 8 yds 6 Gauze Roller Bandages x 6 yds 10 Gauze Sterilized 12 x 18 1 Merthiolate Tincture ounce bottle 1 Medicine Glass 1 Manual First Aid Instruction 1 Scissors Pair 4 Bandage 1 Tweezers Pair 12 Safety Pins 2,400 1.2 -1,050 360 so 1982,200 50 204.253Presence of toxic mate- 1 Spoon 740 1 Tourniquet rials 2 Triangular Bandages 40 32 No employee shall be permitted to 6 Wood Splints for Fractures 32 15 store or eat any part of his lunch or 12 Wood Tongue Depressore other food at any time where there are present any toxic material or other substance that may be injurious to health DRINKING WATER 50 204.258Potable water a An adequate supply of potable water approved as to source and distribution by appropriate authority shall be provided for drinking washing and cooking purposes in all places of employment b In all instances where water is cooled by ice made from potable EYE PROTECTION 50 204.269 General requirement Eye protection shall be provided where persons are exposed to any hazard which may cause injury to the eyes from the following operations chipping calking coarse grinding riveting sledging scaling light grinding stone dressing Spot welding woodworking working babbitting casting dipping in hot metal baths handling of acids and caustics electric arc welding oxyacetylene and oxyhydrogen welding and cutting Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Cellosolve ethoxyethano.lethoxy- Cellosolve acetate ethoxy- ethyl acetate Chlorine Chlorine trifluoride ..-..ee0 Chlorobenzene monochloro- bentene Chloroform trichloromethane nitropropane Chloropierin Chloroprene chloro a scaonns isoamll eisormesrs Cresol all Cyclohexane isomers Cyclohexanol 50 5,000 20 100 25 200 100 I i 76 100 20 I 25 400 100 * 0,000 * 23 23 * 3 ** ** 3 400 100 7 2 1,400 1,400 410 ao 13824 RULES AND REGULATIONS ^' Gases and Gases and vapoSr ubSus bsstancte ance Substance Parta per | parts of parts volume Milligrams cablo meter GasesGases andand vaporsvaporsSubstSaunbscteance Parts per parts ooff Milpigraems r cMiullbiigrcams parts by | meter cubic volume Cyclohexanone Cycloherene Cyclopropane Decaborane Dlacetone alcohol hydroxy- -Dichlorobenzene Dichlorodifluoromethane Dichloroethane .. 1,2 chloroethane ethylene dichloride .. weeeccere Dichloroethylen.e Dichloroethylether -...-.. Dichloromionofluoromethane nitroethane . Dichlorotetrafluoroethane_ Diethylamine dibromomethane Dimethylaniline Dimethylaniline dimethyl- aniline ......---.2------- Dimethylsulfate Dioxane diethylene dioxide Ethyl acrylate Ethyl eoanseee acrylate Ethyl acrylate ethanol ... necwneceneenn ee Ethyl EEtthyhlybelnazemneiEntehylamine... bromide ......-..----.- Ethyl chloride 100 400 400 .05 8 a 50 1,000 100 300 200 ta 1.000 10 1,000 25 100 50 : Ss. t 100 400 25 1,000 25 200 200 1,000 400 100 100 5 10 Gasoline Heptane heptano terane hexane Hexanone methyl butyl Flexone methyl isobutyl ketone . 25 5 50 al 1,000 " " " : " " " 600 500 500 100 | 100 4 8 30 3 1 Isopropylamine Isopropylamine x Methyl Methyl oxcyetehalnollcoseollvelomseotlhve Methoylxyeetthhylaennoel acetate methyl methyl ether acetate Methyl chloride ... ... Methylal Methylal dimethoxymeth Methylcycloberane Methylcycloberane ... Methylcyclohexanol Methyl MethylcyclohexanoneMethylcyclohexanone Methyl isobutyl carbinol alcobol Methylene Methyl Methyl amyl fis (dict Methylene dichloro- methane chloride dichloro- . Monomethyl Naphtha coaltar Nickel carbonyl o Nitric acid . Nitroaniline Nitroaniline Nitrobenzene . Nitroethane Nitrogendioxidedioxide 25 ij 25 100 1,000 1,000 500 500 100 300 10 0 500 200 001 s 1 ! 100 8 100 50 100 1 3,000 3,000 Pentanone methyl propyl ketone .. 0-0 prop- yl p0 ropyl 2000 400 1,350 600 3 240 a 300 4.950 400 400 79 90 4,200 60 7,000 75 Sun 290 25 5 360 1,400 300 1,900 45 870 830 2.600 2.600 1,200 300 850 16 30 190 9 90 2 5,600 t Perchlorethylene tetrachloro- ethylene Phenol Phosphine Phenylhydrazine carbonyl chloride eee Phosphorustrichloride Propyl acetate . alcobol sopropyl Propyl isopropylalco- holl Propyl ether sopropyl ether Propylene dichloride 1,2 chloropropane Propylene imine PPryorpidyilneene oxide Quinone .. ese eenewnccccecenee Stibine Stibine ---..---------eene-- Stoddard solvant monomer phenyleth- Styreneylene . eeeeseoeee Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride -| Sulfur monochloride - Sulfur pentafluoride - Tertiary butyl alcobol 1,1,2,2Tertiary butyltoluene butyltoluene .. Tetrachloroethanc Tetrahydrofuran - Tetranitromethane - Toluene toluol - Tolnidine - Trichloroethylene - Triethylomine TTruripfelnutoirnoemo. nohromom. et bane Vinyl chloride ylene chloroeth- Vinyl tolwere Xylene xylol Xylidine 200 $ 1 05 Bn 200 55 55 25 100 * al 500 tl 100 5 1,000 1 0025 100 10 $ 2001 1 200 $ 200 25 1,000 1,000 100 500 106 200 $5 1,350 19 22 4 .07 3 840 980 2,100 350 60 240 w 4 2,900 2,900 420 13 8,000 G 25 800 K 35 500 6 780 22 1,050 100 6 100 560 1,300 480 870 25 20 2,000 TOXIC DUSTS FUMES AND MISTS 2,000 Milligrams 1,800 per cubic ' Substance meter of air Aldrin 1,2,8,4,10,10 - dimethano- naphthalene Ammate ammonium sulfamate Antimony ANTU alpha naphthyl thiourea Arsenic ....-.. 30 Barlum --- t Beryllium wens 140 Cadmium oxide fume ene Calcium arsenate 0.25 15 .5 .8 .5 .5 2ym3 .1 .1 100 1,650 260 80 80 120 210 3,1003,100 2.700 2,000 460 250 Chlordane 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8 methanoin dane Chlorinated camphene 60 ~ Chlorinated diphenyl oxide Chlorodiphenyl 42 chlorine Chlorodiphency 54 chlorine Chromic acid and chromates as Cro Crag herbicide sodium sodium_2- sodium_2dichlorophenoxy ethanol hydrogen sulfate Cyanide as CN . cence eennenercee dichlorophenocyacetic acid - DDT chlorophenyl trichloroethane ~---.-...--.i-.... 2 6 5 1 B .1 15 5 10 12 100 1,750 600 Dieldrin 1,2,3,4,10,10 octahydro dimethanonaphthalene .25 wees 2 Dinitroben e--z nee eeen ee-e -- 1 -- 1. .007 26 6 5 310H 250 180 2,350 2,350 .3 2,29,95500 780 . EPN ethyl nitrophenyl thionobenzenophosphonate . Ferbam ferric dimethyl dithiocarba- mate Ferrovanadium dust .8 15 1 Fluoride ..----...--2- - Hydroquinone Iron oxide fume 2-02-22. woe 2.5 2 15 Lead 2. 2 Lead arsenate 16 Lindane hexachlorocyclohezgaanme- ma Isomer . .5 TOXIC DUSTS FUMES AND MISTS Milligrams per cubic Substance meter of air Magnesium oxide fume 15 Malathion dimethyl dithiophos- phate of diethyl mercaptosucci- nate . ~~~ eee eee Manga o- ~n ~ ee we esene n _ even enue nee Mercury wooe Mercury organic compounds Methoxychlor methoxy- trichloroethane ..-_. Molybdenum soluble compounds_____ insoluble compouncd eces ee Nicotine - Paratblon diethyl nitro- phenyl thiophosphate .-_-...--.-Pentachloronaphthalen.e Pentachlorophenol .......---------.. Phosphorus yellow neecee Phosphorus pentachloride_ Phosphorus pentasulfide es Picric acid Pyrethrum pe ees wereewenr Rotenone _._....--------_-- Selenium compounds as Se . Sodium hydroxide - Sodium fluoroacetate 1080 . ewes Strychnine Sulfuric acid TEDP tetraethyl dithionopyrophos- phate TEPP tetraethyl pyrophospha.t.-e- Tellurium Tetryl trinitrophenylmethyl- nitramine Thiram tetramethyl thiuram di- sulfide - Thallium soluble compounds . Titanium dioxide 1.6 15 Trichloronaphthalene Trinitrotoluene 1.6 Uranium soluble compouncd rccs ese insoluble compounds Vanadium .05 .25 acetonylbenzyl hy- droxycoumarin Zinc oxide fumes Zirconium compounds as Zr MINERAL DUSIS Aluminum Asbestos Millions of particles per cubic meter of atr oxide wane 84888 Dust nuisance no free silica 84888 Mica below % free silica .--.. 2.2 84888 Portland cement 50 Silica High above 50 free 810 .....-.. 422222 Medium 5 to 60 free BiQ 422222 Low below % free 810 . 422222 Silicon carbide 422222 Soapstone below % free BMD 422222 Tale 20 VENTILATION 50-204.288 General ventilation and temperature requirements a Outside air shall be provided to all workrooms at the rate of 15 cubic feet per minute per person or one and onehalf air changes per hour whichever is greater In most instances leakage through walls doors and windows will produce at least one and half air changes per hour b minimum air temperature of 60 F. should be maintained at all workrooms where work of a strenuous nature is performed and a minimum air tem- nat Wednesday December 28 Is a FEDERAL REGISTER - 13825 perature of 65 F. should be maintained in all other workrooms unless prohibited by process requirements 50 204.289 Local exhaust ventilation a Every local exhaust ventilation system shall produce and maintain a movement of air toward the opening sufficient to prevent escape of contaminant to the workroom during working hours beyond the limits shown in section 50 204.276 b Air flow through branch and main ducts shall be sufficient to transport the contaminant through the system without settling c Piping shall be located so as to be accessible for inspection and maintenance d Air flow equipment including hoods pipes fans motors and collectors shall be effectively grounded e Two or more operations involving more than one substance shall not be permitted to be connected to the same exhaust system when a combination of the substances removed may constitute a fire hazard an explosion hazard or otherwise dangerous mixture f Those processes or operations using or generating flammable dusts gases fumes vapors mists fibers or other impurities shall be completely protected from all sources of ignition g The capacity of an exhaust system shall be calculated on the basis of all hoods booths and enclosures connected to the system being open except where the system is so interlocked that only a portion of it can be operated at a given time in which case the capacity should be calculated on the basis that all the hoods in the group requiring the great- est volume rate of exhaust are open h Suitable air inlets shall be pro- vided for replacement of exhausted air 1 Exhaust systems handling dusts and discharging to the outer air shall be provided with suitable cleaning devices to remove air contaminants prior to the discharge to the outer air except under unusual circumstances j The discharge from any exhaust system shall be such that no air contamination therefrom will enter any window door or other opening of any work space in quantitles sufficient to create a health hazard to such space or create a nuisance to surrounding areas k Collected materials shall be removed at intervals frequent enough to insure that the exhaust system will meet the requirements of section 50-204,288 a at all times NOISE 50-204.293 Noise Noise shall be reasonably reduced or eliminated as a means of preventing fatigue or accidents Personal PrOTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 50 204.298Personal protective equip ment Personal protective equipment or protective shields or barriers shall be provided and maintained in usable condition whenever substances or mechanical irritants are encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in function of any part of the body through or mucous membrane absorption BITUMINOUS Coal and Lignite Mines $ 50-204.300 Federal Mine Safety Code The Federal Mine Safety Code for Bi- tuminous Coal and Lignite Mines of the United States Part Underground Mines and Part Strip Mines as published by the Bureau of Mines United states Department of Interior is hereby adopted by reference as the safety and health standard requirefodr observance in the bituminous coal and lignite mining to which section e of the WalshHealey Public Contracts Act has application Signed at Washington D.C. this 12th day of December 1960 JAMES P. MITCHELL Secretary of Labor F.R. Doc 60-11689 Filed Deo 27 1960 8:45 a.m. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1961 O - 580010