Document b55559rxmQk9oew9BMExG09vD

Ave. LIA 2 5 77 1 Thermosetting Plastics Cast in Lead Moulds ODA'l the word plastic has be Tcome a noun and is generally re garded as meaning any one of an endless variety of synthetic materials the uses of which raav vary from shoe soles to motor car bodies, fabric waterproofing, or a replacement for window glass. However, in its orig inal usage the word plastic means "capable of being moulded", and the property of being mouldable is gen erally a characteristic of all of the large group of substances commonh referred to as plastics. Moulding methods vary with differ ent types of these materials. Certain procedures such as "injection mould ing" or "compression moulding" re quire heavy machinery and consider able power. However, some materials Pouring liquid, plastic into lead moulds uhere it will remain during a curing period of 3 to 5 days. known as thermosetting plastics, can be poured into open moulds in a be easily removed from the casting, process roughly similar to that used yet it is sufficiently strong to retain in casting iron or bronze. The moulds, its shape during the casting process. like those used for casting metals, For straight draw moulds a steel may be draw moulds, split moulds or pattern of the exact size and shape of cored moulds. Here the similarity to the plastic object to be made is dipped metal casting ends because the mould into and quickly withdrawn from a must be of a material which has a bath of molten lead. The lead is surface as nearly perfect as is possi chilled by the pattern and adheres to ble in order that there may be a mini it in a thin sheath. After cooling in mum of finishing required on the water the pattern is withdrawn, leav- moulded article. For this purpose lead has been found to be an excellent material. It is sensitive enough to receive the smallest, most delicate impressions from the pattern. It is soft enough to Remoting cured castings with an air hammer. These blanks mil be cut into slices, polished and fitted with hooks to become smart colorful coat hangers for milady's wardrobe as shown at left. I'HOTOS, COUKTESY CATALIN CO. --2-- Dipping a steel pattern in molten lead to form mould for plastic ma terial. After cooling in water lead will be stripped jrom pattern. ing a perfect mould into which the liquid plastic material is poured. After a period of cooling and curing the casting is removed from the mould by driving it out with an air hammer and the crumpled mould is returned to the melting pot for re-use. Moulds for the exterior surfaces of hollow shapes are made in the same wax and then accurately positioned over metal cores leaving a space into which the liquid plastic is poured. Split moulds for articles with com pound curves are formed of hard lead by die casting. These moulds may be single or multiple but in either case they are recast after each use. The faithfulness with which the lead mould imparts the form and fin ish of the pattern to the casting ex tends even to the polish of the surface. Many cast articles can be used just as they come from the moulds w ith little treatment but trimming and cleaning. This use of lead is a direct utiliza tion of some of the characteristics of the metal which have in many cases been considered incidental advan tages. Namely, ease of casting and malleability. It also demonstrates the ease with which lead can be salvaged for re-use by the simple operation of remelting. It suggests that there may be many cases where lead can be used for forms and moulds which must be destroyed in removing them from the articles which they help to make. LIA25772 Lead Water Services in Ohio FPH.4 Project I AKESHORE Village Housing Proj ect at Euclid. Ohio, just out side of Cleveland is now nearing completion. This village will house HIM) families in 432 buildings which are now mostly completed, many of them being occupied. Construction was started in August 1942. The project was designed by Associated Architects of Cleveland, George B. Meyer, Coordinating Architect. The buildings are neat and trim, of wood construction. Some are painted white Placing lead water ser vice in tunnel under sewer. A street in the newly completed section of Lake Shore Village, Euclid, Ohio. and some grey with white trim, thus avoiding the monotony so often a characteristic of the appearance of war housing. The lead water services are now being installed for the final group of houses. Each service runs from the cast iron main in the street back of the building to a point near the foun dation. The lead services vary in length up to 27 ft. and are of % inch housing project, it is not of temporary construction. The houses are well built on concrete foundations and spaced to provide reasonable privacy. It will provide permanent housing for industrial workers and the use of lead service pipe is not only making use of a freely available metal at the present time but is insuring trouble free water supply for many years in the future. Lead is also the jointing material for the cast iron water mains throughout the project. General construction of Lakeshore Village was by the James McHugh Construction Co. of Cleveland. Utili ties construction is being done by Dominic Nero Construction Co., also of Cleveland. Water services are being installed by the Cleveland Water Dept. or 1 inch lead pipe as required by the type and size of the building. For water service use lead possesses, Sprayed Lead Coatings Resist Corrosion in addition to its durability, the char acteristics w hich simplify installation. The complete service line can be cut to length and the end fittings attached in the shop. It can be laid in place around minor obstructions with a minimum of labor. The picture show ing a lead pipe being pulled through a tunneled hole under a sewer is an excellent illustration of this. Vi hile Lakeshore Village is a war t :'HE spray method of application of metallic coatings offers oppor tunities to make use of the corrosion resisting properties of lead in many fields. Conditions are not uncommon where the application of sheet lead coverings and linings or homogene ous bonded coatings can not be used for reasons of practicability or ex pense hut where the durability of lead under corrosive conditions can be the means of saving much equip ment from rapid destruction. Effective applications of sprayed lead coatings to such conditions have been made by the Libby Welding Company of Kansas City, Missouri. Of especial interest at the present time is the covering of ventilating equipment to be used over wash bar rels in the pickling department of one of the midwestern small arms ammu Spray rooting with lead the inside of a 10-in. discharge pipe for mine dewatering pumps. A ote special long nozzle. nition plants. This work included vent hoods, ductwork, fan housings, fan blades and drip pans for handling corrosive fumes given off by the pick ling process. These parts were all made of comparatively light gauge steel which could not have been eco nomically covered with lead by any other process but which provided am ple support for the sprayed on coating. The lead was applied in two coats each .025 inch thick over both inside and outside surfaces. The ductwork was made with flanged connections and was installed with tubular lead --3-- LIA25773 gaskets between Hanges thus provid ing a continuous lead surfare. proof against leakage of fumes or conden sate as well as against corrosion. Another interesting application by the Libhv Welding Company of a sprat ed lead coating to combat corro sion was done on the pumps and a 10 in. pipe line used to dewater a Hooded mine in Baxter Springs. Kan sas. Here the water was so highlv corrosive that the pipes were de stroyed before the mine could be emptied. A spraved lead coating in side the pipe and pumps not only en abled the operators to put the mine back into production of lead and zinc but prolonged the life of the pumping equipment through several vears. It is still in operation. Lead coating a tan housing by mean*, of (he <pray gun in (he shop of theLibb\ iTelding Co. Ventilator at left is completely lead coated inside and out. ANDERSON PHOTO Other examples of sprayed lead coatings applied bv the Libby Ueld ing Company range from a 25.000 gal. acid storage tank for the Kansas City, Kansas, water department to small bakelite boxes to be used as static shields for radio tubes. The painstaking cleaning and preparation necessary to insure a satisfactorv ap plication. as well as the actual lead spraying can be done either in the shop or in the field. Lead Foil an lid in Fuel Conservation HROUGH the coming winter with of inexpensive material which is Tits possible shortages of both fuel easily applied by the home owner oil and coal it will be necessary tohimself without special tools or equip take every measure possible to con ment and which will produce notice serve heat if homes are to be kept able results is of unusual interest. comfortable. Insulation is the first Such a material has been produced thing that comes to mind when heat and placed on the market. It consists conservation is mentioned and manv of lead composition foil mounted on property owners have taken advantage bond paper and its purpose is to be of this means to keep their homes installed on the wall behind steam or comfortable in spite of fuel rationing. hot water radiators to reflect radiant However, insulation is sometimes diffi heat hack into the room. The material cult to apply especially to sidewalls comes in rolls and can be attached to of existing construction. Thus a tvpe the wall with thumbtacks or masking Placing lead foil rerfeco're insulation behind rtuliulur. DAYTON SNYDER tape. Or it can be mounted on cardhoard or plvwood plaques w hich can he removed when the heating season is over. The principle of reflective insula tion is well known and has been used in many applications. Radiators, as their name implies, radiate heat on all sides. The heat radiated on the side next to the wall is absorbed by the plaster and transmitted through the wall to the outside. However, certain materials have the property of re flecting radiant heat and if placed be tween the radiator and the wall may turn back as much as 95 per cent of the radiant energy which would other- w ise be absorbed by the wall. The lead alloy foil which has a slight percentage of tin on the surface is such a material. This means that radiators backed up with this material will be more effective in increasing the comfort of the rooms which thev serve. This is an unusual use of lead which is not usually considered as having reflective properties. How ever. appearance is not always an in dication of the power of a material to reflect radiant heat. The manufac turers state that the slight dullness caused by oxidation will not serious! \ impair the reflective power of tlie ma terial and that used as intended it will increase the effectiveness of radiators to a noticeable degree. Lead Calked Joints for Cast-Iron lias Pipe IKE manv another industry the gas L producing and distributing enter prises have found it necessary to re quest their domestic customers to avoid increasing their consumption. This request has been made necessary by the greatly increased industrial usescof gas and in some areas by in creases in the numbers of domestic services required bv war housing projects. At the end of 1945 the gas industry was serving more customers than ever before but while the num ber of outlets increased 3.4 per cent --4-- LIA25774 the amount of gas consumed increased II) per cent. The metal industries form a large gas consuming group since they use gas extensively for melting, hardening, annealing, forg ing and other heat treating processes. That the gas industry has been able generally to take care of increased de mands has been due to foresight and to a policy of keeping their facilities built up in advance of current peace time needs. A great deal of the piping used to convey gas is of lead calked cast iron. The illustrations show two views of the installation of 30 inch lead calked pipe in a large eastern gas plant. These pipes carry the gas from the producer to the purifier and from the purifier to the gas holder. They are under low pressures but the joints are all solidly calked with lead which will allow any slight movements due to expansion or settling without cracks or breaks which would result in leaks. This installation was part of a plant expansion program made necessary by the increased demands of war in dustries in the area served by the com pany. The company has also made several extensions to its mains with cast iron pipe calked with lead. These plant expansions and distri bution extensions, although done un der pressure of emergency, are none the less permanent. They have made use of durable materials installed with the pressure-tight, yet flexible lead calked joints. They will be ser viceable when the urgency of their in'tallation is hut a memory. Lead Takes Wings I EAD is playing its vital part in the I United Nations' push to Victory. Lead now has its important place in aircraft production. It is used in pur suit ships, bombers and in the great transports now carrying men and ma terials to the fronts the world over. In the early davs of the airplane, the weight balance of the control sur faces was not a factor in its design. But as the size and speed of the air plane increased, and flutter character istics of the movable surfaces were studied, balance weights were added to the surfaces until at the present time all surfaces iailerons. rudder and elevators i on pursuit airplanes are completely balanced by weight. For those who know airplane con struction. this means that the weight of the surface tending to cause rota tion about the hinge line in one direc tion. is resisted by a heavier balance weight at a relatively shorter distance from the hinge, until the two are in balance. The shape and size of the surface and the location of the hinge line are determined by aerodynamic considerations. Lead can be moulded to the shape of the nose section so that its center of mass is at a maximum distance from the hinge line and thus results in most cases, in a saving in weight over other materials. The lead weight can easily be reworked on assembly to bring the control surface to its exact correct balance. Recent design trends dictate a considerable portion distributed along the leading edge of the control surface. More balance weight is thus required but better balance characteristics are secured. It is difficult to learn how much lead is being used for this purpose at the present time. One company alone, the Curtiss-Wright Corp., designers and manufacturers of the famous P-40, Warhawk line and the C-46 Com mando transport planes have used 160 tons to date. Thus has lead joined the ranks. It is doing its part in maintaining United Nations' air supremacy by helping to improve the performance and in crease the safety of all types of com bat and transport planes. --o LIA25775 ' .A* **C.r--s ***.-. v 1 STROKES nr PiMT BRUSH Wearing Characteristics of Paint Indicated by Condition of Surface LTHOUGH pure white lead paint but thev actually unite. H hen the A can be depended upon to give paint is spread out upon a surface the long and satisfactory service, evelninseed oil dries, or more correctly this top quality paint is not everlast solidifies by reason of the absorption ing. Indeed the very necessity of peri of oxygen from the air, forming a odic renewal is one of the advantages tenacious film which is tough and of paint. Each repainting results in a elastic and has a measurable thick revived "`newness'' of the building to ness. Since the white lead will not which it is applied--a source of pride decompose or dissolve, this film can not enjoyed by the owner of a build wear away onlv as the oil disinte ing with a permanent unchangeable grates. And. since the oil is actually exterior surface. Repainting also compounded with the white lead, the provides an opportunity for a change rate of breakdown is very slow. How in style as the accepted ideas of good ever. some destruction of the organic taste are altered with the passage of matter of the oil does take place re time. leasing the particles of white lead on Chalking a Matural Process the surface, thus producing the "chalk'" or white dust that can be Like any material which serves its rubbed off slightly. purpose bv slowlv wearing away its It is an easy matter to add other substance, paint ages in a manner ingredients to white lead paint to re characteristic of its composition. tard or even prevent chalking. How Good paint wears away slowly bv the ever. such additions tend to produce process known as "chalking"' while a brittle inelastic paint which is in poor paint may wash off rapidly or it clined to crack as a result of expan may crack and scale off in flakes leav sion and contraction of the material ing a rough unsightly surface. The to which it is applied. When cracks property of slow even wear with slight occur the paintean no longer perform chalking is one of the well known the function of keeping water away characteristics of pure white lead from the underlying material. paint. Its occurrence is indicated by the presence on the surface of a fine Advantages of Chalking white powder which shows up when a dark cloth or the hand is rubbed across the surface. The reason for the presence of this powder, which begins to show up about a year after painting, lies in the nature of the paint materials and Thus it can be seen that moderate chalking is not a defect of paint. It is a good indication that the paint is soft and elastic enough to expand with the base material. Actually chalking has several advantages. Not only does their action on one another. White lead and linseed oil are used to make paint because they are chemically in teractive. They not only mix together WAR BONDS Are Still the Best Investment it result in self cleaning by releasing collected dust and dirt along with the surface particles of lead but it gradu ally decreases the thickness of the paint film so that subsequent repaint ings will not build up a coating 100 heavy to adhere to the construction materials. The gradual wearing away of white lead paint is so uniform over the en tire surface that it remains always smooth and repaintable. Even if con ditions beyond the control of the property owner make it necessary to put off repainting far beyond the usual time no serious consequences will result. The property may look a little shabby but it will not have an unkempt appearance and. when re painting can be undertaken, a mere dusting with a dry brush will be suffi cient preparation for the reception of the new white lead coats. White Lead Lasts Longer The slowness with which pure white lead' paint wears away is the basic reason for its long life. The manner of its wearing away is the reason why it retains its attractive ap pearance. It is for these reasons that CONSUMERS' GUIDE, a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture can state of white lead paint. "This paint, if used exclusively, remains the best choice for home own ers who wish to allow very long in tervals. longer than the durability of any other white or tinted paints, to elapse between paint jobs. When worn out. a coating consisting wholly of white lead on woods that hold paint well, will still go through a long period of neglect during which it looks shabby but not unkempt. After such neglect, a white lead surface can easily be repainted without undue expense." TRADE NAMES AND NAMES OF MANUFACTURERS OF ARTICLES DESCRIBED IN LEAD ARE OMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH I.F.AD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION FOLICV, SUCH NAMES AND FURTHER DETAILS WHEN AVAILABLE. WILL BE GLADLY PROVIDED ON REQUEST 6-- -- LIA25776 MW The Captain Charles Leonard House, Agauatn, Mass. Built in 1805 has the fan' light in the center pediment character istic of the houses of western Massachussets. In a re cent restoration for use by the Womens Club of Agawam it was repainted with pure white lead paint. No. 22 Landmarks in Colors T heGeneralMoulton House in Hampton, Mew Hampshire. Built in 2764,. the cheerful yellow and white of its pure white lead paint belies its local nick name the "Haunted House", The Simon Colton House, Longmeadow, Mass. Built in 1735, a beautiful example of heavily tinted pure white lead paint. The white trim serves to bring out the richness of the red painted sid ing. DAYTON SNYDE* COMMONLY accepted idea of A the colonial house is that, to be true to style, it must be pure white with deep green blinds. Of course, a great many of the old houses were painted white, but our colonial for bears were by no means afraid of co lor nor did they hesitate to use it on the exteriors of their houses. Reds, yellows, blues, grays and greens were commonly used, usually with white trim and the monotonous effect some times achieved in modern housing groups of colonial precedent was thus avoided. This month's portfolio shows an ex treme range of color styles, all done in pure white lead paint tinted to the owners taste. The first is the tradi tional all white house, the solid color accenting the size and excellent pro portions of the mass of the house. The second is a cheerful yellow with white on the quoins'as well as on the finely executed trim of doors and windows. The third is a daring red. again with white trim, making cheery and friend ly what might otherwise he a rather austere facade. These three houses ser\e to illus trate a fact with which painters have long been familiar--that pure white lead paint is the ideal medium for the expression of color styling. It is so easily tinted to the exact shade de sired. The colors stay fresh because the surface remains clean due to the natural self cleaning properties of white lead. The white lead serves to carry the tinting color just as white paper bears the delicate shades and tints of a fine color print. THIS IS NO. 32 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE LEAD AND OIL PAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS --7-- LIA25777 LEAS INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 420 Lexing"ton Ave. New York 17, N. Y. Return Pottage Guaranteed Sec. 562. F. L. A R. U. S. POSTAGE Paid New York, N. Y. Permit No. 5658 Employee's Suggestion Commended by UPB RECENT recipient of Honor top with steel tie bolts through chan A able Mention from the 'R ai nel iron collars. These bolts and Production Board is Allen P. Rogersc,hannels were continually subjected repair man for the Inspiration Consol to the corrosive action of the leeching idated Copper Company of Inspira solution through splashing as well as tion. Arizona. Mr. Rogers' suggestion capillary action through the wood has effected, by the use of small and were quickly corroded to the amounts of lead, a considerable sav point of failure. A broken tie bolt ing of steel tie rod material and a and the resulting loosened timber al great reduction in the number of dis lowed the tank lining boards to slip agreeable small repair jobs on the down into the tank while the tailings leeching tanks operated by the com were being removed and made it pany. necessary for the repair crew to han These tanks are lined with lead to dle the acid impregnated wood to put withstand the corrosive action of the it back in place. leeching solution which contains sul Mr. Rogers, noting that the lead phuric acid, copper sulphate and fer linings of the tanks withstood immer ric sulphate. The lead lining is pro sion in the leeching solution, sug tected from abrasion by a sheath of gested replacing the tie bolts with two inch boards held in place by steel straps covered with sheet lead. \ertiral timbers which were tied at the This was tried out on a few locations NEW TYPE sketch of Mr. Roger* suggestion. using materials salvaged from scrap and found to be far superior to the old method. The steel straps are bent and welded to size and covered with sheet lead, with burned" or welded joints. Some of the strap ties ha\e been in place for nearly a \ear where as the old tie bolts i-omt-time- lasted barelv two weeks. The following articles and reprints contain information, drawings and soecifications on the use of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. PROPERTY PROTECTION WITH WHITE LEAD PAINT A 28 page booklet on the protective value, durability and J'lMutv of pure while lead paint with quantity e-timating table*-, formula* and mixing and tinting instruction- for exterior and interior u*c. >OME P UNI INC PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS By Dr. F. L. Browne. Senior Fnre-t* Product* Laboratory, % i-e. riieminl, Madioon, Hcprmted from the National Real Estate Journal, >ept.. 1939. STAMFORD'S DOl BLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of hard lead flashing, while lead paint. U-ad plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade hingle detail- and in-tallalion method*. Reprinted from the American Builder. July. 1939. STOP DEMON REST Leaflet giving conci-e. simple instructions in the ue of the rust preventing qualities of Red Lead Paint in protecting farm machinery. MM ARY OF NOTES ON LEAD ROOFING 4 brief de-criptinn of the uses of lead for roofing and Ha-hing purpn.e- and the proper practice* of its application. Reprinted from "Sheet Metal Worker". LEAD EQtlPMF.NT l SED IN INDl >TRY By F. E. Wormser, Secretary of Lead In dustrie* Association A summary of the u-e- of lead in the production and handling of corru*i\e chemical-. Reprinted from "Metal Prngre--" to be included in the next edition of "American Society of Metal- Handbook." VMI1TE LEAD PAINT FOR DEFENCE HOI MNG Reprint from Bulletin of the Producer.' Council in eluding -perification- and graphic mixing in-Uucti`>nfor exterior and interior White Lead I'amt. COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calkins Lead, CS*f4-41 Lead Pipe, CS9541 Lead Trap* and Bend*, CS96*41 Official publication* by the Government Printing Of fice of the above Commercial Standard* a* promul gated by the L\ S. Department of Commerce through the National Bureau of Standard-, effective June 25. 1941. LEAD PLUMBING FOR DEFENSE HOI SING Reprint from Bulletin of the Producers' Council in cluding information on the Emergency Plumbing Standard* and the Defense Housing Critical List. NEW LEAD COATING PROCESS ELIMINATES USE OF ZINC ALLOYS By W\ Yonkman, Engineer, Western trie Co, A (Je-criptioo of a -ucces-ful hot dip lead coating process with complete in-truction- for changing over from hot dip galvanizing u-tng the -ame equipment. Reprinted from Products Engineering. May. 1943. l'AKTIAI. l.lsT OK I SK> OK I.KAII NOT KKSTKK TK1) B\ CONSKKVATION IIKIIKK M-:tK 4 node* Anti-Knock treatment for motor fuel* Bearing metalCalking lead, lead wool Ceramic* <Except a* on ingredient of orna mental glass! Chemical equipment----tank*, lining-. piping, pump*, valve-, filter*, evaporator* Coating* on iron, steel and oilier metal* Collapsible lubeCounterweight* (except >u-lweight-I Die ranting for prove** work Fittings-^--trap*, bend*, floor flange*. ferruleFlooring in rhemiral and explo-i*e* plant* Ga-ket- and parking* In-rrticide- and rhemiral* Manufacturing equipment for -yntlielir fibreMetal pickling tank*, -pray nozzle- and piping Mould material for ra-ting plastics Name and instruction platePaint pigment*--white lead, red lead, blue lead, litharge Pipe soil- waste, water service and rhemiral Plating tank lining* Roofing, flashing, gravel -top*, damp proofing Safely tread* Scientific and experimental apparatus Sheathing for electric eable* Shot--ammunition Shower pan*, floor safes, waterproofing Solder Storage batteries Substitution for more critical metal* Varnish making--drier* V ulcanizing mould* Window came* 1 glazier* lead X-ray and radium protection USE PEfUMirTED WITH CERTAIN r Es IKKTIONs Automobile body solder Casket hardware--casket lining* Foil lTON KKOIKST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE. TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOrERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOttt LEAD PROBLEMS LIA 2 5 778 PRINTED IN U. S. a . BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING COMPANY NEW YORK CITY