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FILE NAME: Gardner Denver (GD) DATE: 1937 July DOC#: GD008 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Article with Advertisements - "Past, Present & Future of the Occupational-Disease Situation" - Pit & Quarry I: Vol. 30 *> Published on the tenth of each month for producers and manu facturers of Cement, Crushed Stone, Gypsum, Lime, S a n d , ravel and other nonmetallic min erals. Copyrighted 1937 by C om plete Service Publishing Co,, 538 South Clark Street, Chicago, III. -A'- H. W . B A U M G A R T N E R President STANLEY A. PHILLIPS Vice-President end Directing Editor Field Editor: W . E. TR AU FFER Assistent Editor: H A R R Y F. UTLEY C ontributing Editor: W IL H E L M C A R L RIETH Circutetion Manager: W . T. K L U S S M A N Advertising Manager: J A M E S E. M O N T G O M E R Y Telephone HARrison 9357 Chicago, III. Eastern Advertising Manager: W. A. BUSCHM AN Room 420, 122 East 42nd St. Telephone CALedonia 5-4438 New York, N. Y. Central Advertising Manager: W. H. SAN DERSO N Auditorium Bldg. Telephone C H e rry 5339 Cleveland, O. Advertising Representatives: FRANK G. LAUGHTON New York, N. Y, D. R. EGBERT Chicago, III. Field R epresentatives: A. C. PETERSEN J. K. G A R E S C H E CONTENTS News of the industry ........................... 29 editorial: Intimidation in Labor Disputes .. .34 Reports Presented at A. S. T. M. Meeting. .36 Special Cement-Mill Section ....... 37 Marquette Completes Part of Improve ment Program ................................43 Closed-Circuit Grinding with Air Separators ................................... .53 Separators Improve Grinding Efficiency. 63 Saving In Air-Compressor Applications.. .67 Cement as Engineering Material to Stay. .71 Bowl Mills and Recuperators Responsible for Power and Fuel Savings ............ 73 The Autoclave-- New Cement Soundless T e s t ............................................. 77 Crusher Changes Affect Entire Plant......79 Past, Present and Future of the Occupa tional-Disease Situa tio n................... 83 News and Views from the C a p it a l.......... 86 The Future of Labor R ela tions................ 89 Regulating Hours in the Aggregates Ind u stry.......... .............. |.................91 Research fn Industrial Sand In d u stry ........ 93 Profitable New Products Section ............ 97 A Product Easy to Enthuse A b o u t ! .......98 Steel Industry Uses Own Slag in Concrete 100 Truck-Mixer and Agitator Standards.... 102 ( B ureau\ > * / Men of the Industry......................................... 107 ^ersono* Mention . . i .....................................108 foreign Developments.................................... 109 Traffic News Digest. . .................................... 110 New Machinery and Supplies......................112 Past, Present and Future of the Occupational-Disease Situation* f C. O. SAPPINGTON, M. D. Consulting Industrial Hygienist *OU will recall in your high-school as a result of this activity a number of f history courses that this study was states have actually passed laws, includ divided into several parts, one per ing Illinois. taining to ancient history, one to medie val history and another to modern his- In this stage, when emphasis will be placed upon factual evidence, plant sur rtory. It will be rather convenient in * . presenting this review of the occupalli?.tjonal disease situation to make compar isons between these kinds of history and jjlhe periods of evolution through which psTVe have passed with regard to occupa tional-disease conceptions. veys and studies have become more popular; examinations, including Xrays and clinical laboratory tests, have now come into use more widely. These devices will be used more and more to get facts in this stage of reality. The future, which overlaps somewhat Jj);>Our past experiences may well be upon the present and includes develop i; compared to the period of ancient his- ments in the immediate offing, may well `ifjory and this period may also well be be likened to the period of modern his ||8jlled the stage of guesswork and hys- tory. This may be called the stage of fil|eria. Your interest and the interest of progress. I predict that compensation sjtfiiost people has been in the spectacular, for occupational-disease disability will V'^nd, in fact, this has been the basis for be general in the United States within "Ijipmpensation laws in regard to mechan- the next five years, that physical exam Meal injuries. There is nothing spectac- inations will become universal within :>plar about occupational disease in the the next ten years, and along with this piiain and so your main interest has been will be an increased use of surveys and f r o laws or in problems because people studies of industrial environment. ra m y e continued to be crippled and killed As a practical outline of important ' 'by mechanical forces. There is no such sources of difficulty relating to occupa S piect appeal with regard to occupa- tional diseases, let us merely mention ptkinal disease. Then along came the the following: Repression with the effect of producing '-num ber of spurious cases, which re s u lte d in a great burden being placed I.- upon industry in regard to the economic f ill situation. 1. Dust (silica and asbestos-contain ing dusts). 2. Metals (lead, cadmium, chro mium, mercury, thallium). >*** ' 3. Gases (carbon monoxide, sulphur n addition to these factors there has dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, arsine, the n a lack of general knowledge and nitrous group, cyanogen compounds). trained men in the field of occupa- Knal-disease difficulties. All these fac- 4. Vapors and solvents (benzol and S have resulted in the production of its homologues, the chlorinated hydro fjP|Ws and unrest, hence the reason forcarbons, and others). e!|Pplying the name of guesswork and 5. Skin irritants (soaps and cleansing 'Steria to this period of evolution in powders, dyes, oils and greases, dusts ipational diseases as the stage. j|<0ur present experience may well be U|iened to the period of medieval histo rj, It is now believed that we have come somewhat past the bogy stage, ," a swing' to the factual and this ma^ we^ caHe(l the stage of ^ iita b ty . As evidence of the swing to and powders, solvents, agents of infec tion). This is not in any way to be con sidered an exhaustive list, but a nunaber of the "high points" of importance have been picked as the chief possibilities or probabilities relating to occupational dis ease and these have been mentioned. t factual, last year occupational-dis- It is significant in this connection that j* compensation legislation was in- when the U. S. Public Health Service 'tfodaced in more than forty states and made a cross-sectional survey of in dustries and published its results in the \ 'c Delivered before the Engineering Division, year 1934, it was discovered that in > ''Sjrdter Chicago Safety Council, Dec. 17, 1936. order of frequency the chief exposures v 1937 1U U1UIDU) VNCIC dA iUUUWO. UlUl^UllU. dusts, carbon monoxide, and lead. There are, of course, a number of others, but these are the chief types of exposure encountered in American in dustry and those which are likely to give difficulty. It is good to remember that this cross-sectional survey was made in ten different industries, embracing 615 plants and involving 28,000 em ployees. It has been well said that the best criterion of an occupational-disease haz ard is the occurrence of occupational disease; but none of us can afford to wait, I take it, for disease to occur. At this point it might be well to make a distinction between the two words ex posure and hazard, simply because, as the U. S. Public Health Service has pointed out, if a man is exposed to lead, carbon monoxide or to inorganic dusts, it does not mean that he is ex posed to a hazard. More must be known than the mere fact of exposure; we must know the quality and quantity of exposure and then, when compared with criteria which have already been established in the production of disease, we shall be able to say whether or not a real hazard exists. Remember that a hazard is always an exposure; an ex posure is not always a hazard. Here are some concrete suggestions which are boiled down to very brief expressions, but which contain the real essence of prevention of occupational disease: 1. Find out the exposure and the hazard in your plants. 2. Examine your men (before em ployment, during employment on haz ardous jobs, and at the time of discon tinuance of employment). The exam inations will be different for different types of exposure; obviously an exam ination for a dust occupation will not suffice for a lead occupation. 3. Correlate cause and effect factors from the information gained by scien tific study of the industrial environment and the medical data accruing from examinations and laboratory tests. 4. Control or eliminate the hazard, or furnish adequate protection for your men. Another way of stating the above suggestions forcibly is as follows: Man agement must know its men, materials, methods, and machines. In summary, the occupational-disease situation has become a national ques tion; it involves socio-economic prob lems of tremendous significance; it pre sents difficulties no greater than any other industrial problem if the same amount of time, money and quality of brains are used, as have been applied in the past to similar industrial situ ations. 83 4 MANGANAL N ickel M an gan ese Steel R eg. U. S. Patent O ffice N os. 1,876,738, 1,947,167 a n d 2,021,945 W ifh prices skyrocketing on all types of equip ment, you can avoid costly replacements by us ing Manganal Applicator Bars for rebuilding worn-out machine parts and keeping your old equipment in service for years to cone. Pump shells, crusher plates, dipper teeth and similar parts of 11 to 14*% manganese steel can be easi ly reclaimed this way. Use Manganal W edges for attaching to worn managanese and carbon steel shovel teeth to resist impact and abrasion. SOLE PRODUCERS For Building Up For Hard Surfacing S T U L Z - S IC K L E S C O ., 1 3 4 -1 4 2 Lafayette St., Newark, N . J. Index to Advertisers Alien Sheiman Hoff C o ............Inside Front Cover AUis-Chalmers Mfg Co..................................... 72 American Manganese Steel C o ........................ 125 American Pulverizer Co....................................... 133 Bacon, Inc., Earle C............................................ 112 Baker & Greenberg .......................................... 135 Baldwin Locomotiie Works .......................... 80 Barber-Gteene Co ............................................ 129 B artlett & Snow Co . C. 0 .............................. 133 Birmingham Rail & Locomotive Co........... 135 Blaw-Knox Co...........................................................105 Broadcast Section ...................................... 135-139 Broderick & Bascom Rope Co............................ 133 Bucyius-Erie Co.................................. 22 Buffalo Scale Co.................................. 68 Burnham, Royal E.............................. 138 Burrell Engr. & Const. Co........... 82 Carnegie-Ulinois Steel Corp........... 19 Caterpillar Tractor C o ................... 4 Cement Mill Equip. C o ................... 58 Chain Belt Co....................................... 105 Chicago Perforating Co..................... 113 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co........... 74 Cincinnati Rubber Mfg. C o ............ 133 Cleveland Rock Drill Co.................. 23 Cleveland Wire Cloth & Mfg. Co... 128 Consolidated Products Co................ 139 Deister Concentrator Co.................. 133 Deister Machine C o .......................... 129 DeWitt Hotels ................................... 132 Dixie Machy Mfg Co....................... 82 Dracco Corp........................................... 60 Dunn Mfg. Co , W. E ....................... 106 Eagle Iron Works................................ 129 Ensign-Biekford C o ............................ 20 Equipment Corporation of America 135 Erie Pump & Engine Works............ 133 Exolon Co............................. 130 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co............................ 2 Gruendler Crusher & Pulv Co....................... 50 Haiss Mfg Co., G e o .......................................... 113 Hardinge Co.......................................................... 84 Hardsocg Wonder D rill C o ............................ 131 Harnischfeger Corp.............................................. 64 Hazard Wiie Rope Division of American Chain & Cable Co..............Inside Back Cover Hendrick Mfg. C o ............................................ 133 Hetherington & Berner, Inc.............................. 140 Hoffman Bros. Drilling Co.............................. 138 Holmes, Robt., & Bros., In c............................ 131 Howe Scale Co..................................................... 116 Hug Co................................................................... 8 Hummel-Foley Corp............................................ 66 Huron Industries C o .......................................... 132 Hyman-Miehaels C o .......................................... 139 Iowa Mfg. C o . . . . ............................................... 119 Independent Pneumatic Tool Co....................... 7 Ingersoll-Rand C o ............................................... 52 Jaeger Machine C o ................................ Back Cover Jeffrey Mfg. C o ................................................... 125 Kennedy-Van Saun Mfg. & Engr. Corp . . . 76 Koehiing C o ........................................................ 118 Lane Co., T J ................................................... 135 Leschen & Sons Rope Co., A.............................. 114 Le Tourneau, Inc., R. G................................ 70 Lewis, Harry C..................................................... 137 Lewiston Foundry & Machine Co..................... 130 Lima LocomotheWorks........................................ 11 Link-Belt C o ...................................................... 1-131 Ludlow-Saylor Wire Co....................................... 40 Manitowoc Engr. Works ................................... 62 .Marietta Concrete Corp.................................... 105 McLanahan & Stone C o rp ................................. 132 McLeod, Alex T ................................................. 138 Merrick Scale Mfg Co .................................... 78 Michigan Power Shovel Co....................................127 Flexible Steel Lacing Co, Frog Switch & Mfg. Co.. Fuller C o ......................... 131 Morris Machine Works..................................... 80 108 Morse Bros. Machinery Co.............................. 134 54 National Industrial Invest. C o rp ................... 139 Gardner-Denver Co........... Gar Wood Industries, Inc -General Electic Co. General Motors Corp "Good Roads Machy. Corp 123 123 12-13 . 21 . 132 National Supply Co.............................................. 6 National Wire Cloth C o ................................... 117 New Holland Machine Co................................... 109 Nordberg Mfg. C o .................................................. 133 Northwest Engr. Co............................................ 18 *See also information in the 1937 Pit and Quarry Onen Bucket Co................................................... 128 Parsons Engr. Co................................................. 113 Page Engr. Co....................................................3-115 Pennsylvania Drilling Co................................... 138 Philadelphian H otel............................................ 130 Pioneer Gravel Equip. Mfg C o ................ 17 Productive Equipment C o rp .............................. 132 Quinn Wire & Iron Works.............................. 106 Railway Accessories Co....................................... 134 Raymond Pulverizer Div of Combust ion Engi. Co., Inc.............................................. 38 Rental Seivice Co................................................ 137 Republic Rubber Co............................................ 121 Robins Conveying Belt C o .............................. 28 Rock Bit Sales & Service, Inc............................ 117 Roebling's Sons Co , John A ............ 10-15 Sauerman Bros., Inc............................................ 128 Schaffer Poidometer Co....................................... 114 Simplicity Engr Co............................................ I l l SKF Industries, Inc............................................ 25 Smidth & Co . F. L......................................... 37 Smith Co., S. Morgan........................................ 127 Smith Engr Works.............................................. 26 Smith, Inc., L. B................................................ 137 Sprout. Waldron & Co....................................... 128 Stanhope. Inc , R C............................................ 137 Stulz-Sickles Co................................................... 140 Sturtevant Mill Co ..................................... 42 Taylor Forge & Pipe Works.............................. 110 Thew Shovel Co................................................... 9 Tidewater Equip & Machy Corp.................. 135 Timken Roller Rearing C o .............................. 5 Traylor Engr & Mfg C o .......................... 30 Tyler Co., I? S...................................................... 130 Union Wire Rope Corp..................................... 24 United States S teel............................................ 19 Universal Concrete Pipe Co................................ 104 Universal Crusher C o .......................................... 14 Walsh Co., Richard P ........................................ 137 Warren Bros. Roads C o ..................................... 106 Wellman Engr. C o .............................................. 130 Western Precipitation Corp .......................... 56 Whitcomb Locomotive C o ................................. 80 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co . 78 Williamsport Wire Rope Co ....................... 16 HANDBOOK (jfj) BITUMINOUS PAVING MACHINERY (f) Bituminized Material Offers a New Outlet for Your Aggregate e The H & B tower type plant combines portability and large capacity. Built by manufacturers of asphalt paving machinery for over 30 years. S en d for our new b u lletin T-247 HETHERINGTON & BERNER, INC. ENGINEERS-- MANUFACTURERS INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 740 Pit and Quarry QUARRY CUTS AIR HOSE COST HERE is a typical example of the savings that can be made by having air hose indi vidually specified to the job by the G.T.M.-- Goodyear Technical Man. Air hose troubles used to be a pretty regular thing in the underground operations of the Heumader Quarries Company, St. Joseph, Missouri. Constant dragging over the sharp rocks caused severe abrasion and rapid covc^r wear. Lubricating oil passing thiipugh ,%l$jfg lines caused the ti1RR*k&ai(|k quently clogging the hammers and < the work. Several different makd5dlr"hosewere tried, but the maximum service was only one year ! I P Says "Style M" Noting these conditions carefully, the G.T.M. recommended that the quarry change to Goodyear Style M Air Drill Hose, 4-ply, and in May 1933, several lengths were put into service on the hammers. Today, ewer four years later, this hose is still in use and, as the photograph shows, it is far from worn out. In all this time there have been no shut downs and delays due to clogged tools, and the saving in replacements has reduced the company's air hose bill 75%. Couldn't you use savings like that? To give you similar economy on any type of job Goodyear makes five different types of air hose to fit every service requirement. The G.T.M. will be glad to recommend the proper type for your operation if you will write him, care of Goodyear, Akron, Ohio, or Los Angeles, California--or the nearest Goodyear Mechanical Rub ber Goods Distributor. ^ '** "UH#*, A BEST ENGINE I EVER HAD FOR one who has used many engines, John Guerra is a man of few words. But they pack a world of meaning! "Best engine I ever had," sums up the low operating cost of his 125-hp. "Caterpillar" Diesel Engine and the way it stands up under the heavy demands of his rock-crushing plant at River Drive and Strodman Road, St. Louis, Mo. W ith an output of 350 tons per 10-hour day, his fuel-and-lubrication cost is only thirty cents an hour -- 1 l/6 c a ton, or less than one-fourth the usual cost of other types of power. In 20 months of service, not a cent has been spent for repairs. And there are thousands of other actual instances, covering most every industry, which offer similar proof of the extraordinary economy of Diesel power as perfected by "Caterpillar." Ask the nearest dealer for details. Or, write us direct. S E V E N ENGINE S I Z E S - 4 4 TO 160 H P . CATERPILLAR DIESEL TIMKEN Bits meet every need The T IM K E N Rock Bit range includes types and sizes for every drilling condition that may be encountered. T IM K E N Bits are made in three different types-- cross, rose and chisel-- available with either center or side hole in all required gauges. There is only one quality however, and that is the highest that can be produced. T IM K E N means as much in rock bits in this respect as it does in tapered roller bearings. To get this superior quality and the advantages that go with it-- including streamlined design, faster drill ing and more footage per bit-- you pay a little more for T IM K E N Bits-- but you will find them cheaper in the long run. If you are not using T IM K E N Bits you are losing a modern opportunity to reduce your drilling costs. W h y not give them a tryout now? W e are ready to conduct a demonstration whenever you say the word. HE T I M K E N R O L L E R B E A R I N G C O M P A N Y , C A N T O N , O H I O Manufacturers of Timken Tapered Roller Bearings for automobiles, motor trucks, railroad cars and locomotives and all kinds of industrial machinery; Timken A lloy Steels and Carbon and Alloy Seam less Tubing; and Timken Rock Bits. * TRADE-MARK REG. U. S. PAT. OFF. TIMKEN ROCK B IT S B uilding a futet d till i one thing- Making it so that it will stand up is anothd That's w hy [ngersoll-Rand pistons pass th ro u g h 48 o p e ra tio n s In th e ir m a n u fa c tu re PIECE by piece the parts of a rock drill look simple and easy to make--but looks are deceiving. No other machine has to withstand the abuse of modern drills. Consider the piston of the DA-35 drifter; one end operates at a freezing temperature, the other, frequently at 250 F. It must deliver heavy blows, at the rate of about 2000 per minute (depending on conditions)--millions of these impacts during its lifetime. It receives 48 separate machining, testing and heat treating operations and is actually being worked on 55 hours in the course of its manufacture. During the last thirty years there has been a tenfold increase in drilling speed--the life span of parts has been lengthened--dependability has grown progressively greater--upkeep costs have steadily decreased. Credit for this great improvement is due in a large measure to Ingersoll-Rand research and development. I-R PRODUCTS coolers eron Pum ps ers rx" Core D rills Com pressors Condensers D rill Steel & "Jackbits" Engines H oists Paving Breakers P n eum atic Tools Receivers, A ir & G as Refrigeration U nits Rock Drills Rock D rill Accessories Tie Tam pers Vacuum Pumps 513-5 T n tA T tc n ll These numbers on a] enable us to detern exact batch of steel which it was made, a as all ofthe pertinent! concerning th e foil machining, heat-tnf inspection and test | part. REASONS WHY THE DA-35 PISTON STANDS-UP \ Metallurgical specifications for each piston incorporate 60 years of accumulated ex perience. | No steel for any other purpose whatever, is selected as carefully as the material that goes in rock drill pistons. Composition is controlled with unbelievable accuracy. Each batch must pass a physical inspection, chemi cal analysis and an elaborate hardenability test before it leaves the mill. | Proper heat-treating is a highly technical operation. The handling of this step in the manufacture of I-R drills is entrusted only to specially trained metallurgists. | A correct design, highly skilled craftsmen and a thoroughly modern plant and equip ment insure a superior product. Sizes are held to one-half of one-thousandth of an inch (.0005") variation. 0 Every finished, piston is tested in a specially developed magnetic testing machine, which gives what we call "a mechanical X-ray" , indicating the depth of hardness and the most minute variations from specified stand- Vt 1 <-\fiim q/4y *i ce alert rti\ r o r \ 7ie M o r r i s MORE Hydraulic C olumn ...MORE News of interest to Centrifugal Pump Users C u b ic 4fG S u i& ft& i llasi WITH W H ITCO M B LOCOMOTIVES "Full of Grit" ___ This Morris Centrifugal Pump is certainly "full of grit"-- literally as well as figuratively. The stamina which has enabled it to operate w ith complete satisfac tion on this difficult slurry-handling service is typical of the quality built into all Morris Pumps. Have you the Morris bulletins on pumps for your requirements? If not, be sure to write for copies. Efficiency curves should have plateaus-- not peaks . . . . If a centrifugal pump has an efficiency curve that drops off sharply from both sides of the maximum, the slight est change of pressure or capacity will cause a marked loss of efficiency. Morris Pumps have flat efficiency curves, which means that they may be operated over a range of conditions w ithout material decrease of effi ciency. If you want centrifugal pumps with this help ful characteristic, be sure to get a Morris Quotation. Bulletins on request. For au th oritative recom m endation on an y pu m p in g or dredging p r o b l e m , u r i t e t o M o r r i s M a c h i n e W o r k s , B a l d i v i n s i i l l e , Y. Representatives in Principal Cities Stop fighting ground resistance, road washouts, high up-keep cost of equipment, and extra man power. Let one operator, with a Whitcomb Locomotive, haul more tonnage at one time than a whole fleet of individual haulage machines. Over half a century of experience has proven the unequalled stamina and efficiency of Whitcomb Locomotives. They give you un interrupted service for more years with lower up-keep cost. New methods make track moving or shifting faster, easier and cheaper than ever. Whitcomb Locomotives are sturdy, compact machines, properly balanced for rough, temporary tracks. They have plenty of power to move the load with speed and economy. Let our engineers survey your haulage re quirements and estimate the savings you can make with Whitcomb equipment. A SIZE AND TYPE TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS THE G asoline or Diesel M echanical Drive G asoline or Diesel Electric Drive Electric Storage Battery Electric Trolley Combination Trolley -- Storage Battery WHITCOMB LOCOMOTIVE COMPANY P lant at Rochelle/ Illinois Subsidiary oi The Baldw in Locomotive Works AH s a l e s m a d e b y The B a ld w in L ocom otive W orks, P asch all Station Post Office, Philadelphia, P enn sylvan ia. JtecMMf, jb u ty BodUeA, for HocJz an d A(j*yie<fcU&L and T44 TELESCOPIC HOISTS with PATENTED OUTSIDE MOUNTINGS # 20 cu. yd. side dump body, and Model T44 tele scopic hoist. The body weighs approximately 14,000 lbs. A GARDNER-DENVER AIR COMPRESSOR An improved, accurately balanced compressor suit able for a wide variety of services. Made in all commercial sizes. 0 Model T44 consists of two powerful telescopic hoists mounted in saddles in side or outside the truck frame. It is extensively used with big rock bodies such as the one opposite, to handle up to 25 tons. Rugged--built for heavy-duty, full-load service and continuous operation. Low power costs . . . electro pneumatic control auto matically controls current consumption in accord ance with air demand. Timken Tapered Adjustable Roller Bearings. Write for bulletin giving full details % Fleet of rock excavating units, with T44 hoists. This type of body can be furnished with down-folding tailgate as shown, or with scoop end. GAR WOOD INDUSTRIES, INC. 7924 R i o p e l le S t. e Detroit, Mich. WORLD'S LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF TRUCE E Q U I P M E N T -- Hoists. Bo di es, T a n k s , W i n c h e s a n d C r a n e s Also: Trailbuilders, Bulldozers and Hydraulic Scrapers July, 1937 G ardnerD enver R X H orizontal A ir Com pressor Since. 1859 GARDNER-DENVER COMPANY Quincy, Illinois GARDRER-DERVER 123