Document aj0zgR9bn4Exb4yjLyVVX02a

IM evapo r at ing DU PONT "ZERONE" /f/ner/cas great money-saving ant-freeze value / ^ 5 O A nbunM (t y p e s) So efficient that three quarts do the work of four quarts of most other brands of anti-freeze. Hence you buy less. The special chem ical rust inhibitor in Du Pont "Zerone" gives your cooling sys tem long-lasting protection against rust and corrosion. An t i.RUST DU PONT "ZEREX// outstanding non-evaporating ant-freeze $775 --% A GALLON One filling of "Zerex" lasts winter in a properly operat cooling system. "Zerex" helpsk cooling systems clean and oj ating efficiently . . . protec against rust and corrosion. Th is no finer anti-freeze made tl Du Pont "Zerex." n0(Doa> eemoodvycaiJ'SGJiz'U' BETTER THINGS EOR BETTER 11 V I N 0 . . . T H R O U G H CHCMISIRY Tallow '*ll. Ih as difficult for you to realize how much the Chemical Engineer ban eonl.rilmted to your daily life as it is for your Hi,I It; non to realize the wonder of < tie motor tiers ilifil glide o|> the avenue: von are h o used to it all, "But turn the pages of history . . . stud the luxuries flint the Chemical Engineer has brought into today's civilization are written in letters of tire, "late has changed more in its essentials since the t ime of Thomas Jefferson... and remeinl*r, that was in your great grandfather's day than JcJ'I'et'son's life had changed since William the ('onqueror's day. In little more Ilian one century civilization's frontiers have advanced farther than they had advanced in eight verity lies before! ".Rushlights are nut. so far from (allow dips as fallow dips are from electric lamps. Jefferson's buildings ruse little higher than William's . . . but, what of I he .structural si,eels that make :il; possible for today's Wool worth Towers lo pierce the skies? The doctors of I SIM look nearly as many chances as those of William's retgu . . . hut the Chemical IfngitK-e has placed In your doctor's hands specifics lhat. silence forever the threat of irumv once-dreaded, scourges. . . flu.' few years from. Jefferson'i day I o yours are marked by start ling. radical changes in the wav of living, changes possible only I h rough (.lie Chemical Engineers slowly won mastery over nature's elemental substances and forces ... by his miracles in metals, in petroleum, in lex I ill's, in rubber, in explosives, and in lives and drugs and chemicals." 'This Du Pont announcement, which sounds so up lo dnu.% appeared 30 years ago in the Salimlny Kc<`niii,<' Post. But the facts still .fit today. At Du 1 'out,, ehemical engi neering is now jusi as vital as ever --more so. in fad. And there arc still hundreds of job opportunities in (lie Company for chemical engineers and others in nearly all branches of engineering and science. As the 192? announccmenl concluded, we cent time fo fake pride "in (he contributions that. Iht Pont Chemical Engineers have made to toe development of industries In the United Stoics." BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER II VI NG. ..THROUGH CHEMIST BY litotes I!. MrCOU MICK, iulitur Vol. 46 No. 5 C/.'/w.v M \1Ui tilt I' \t I \ li I ;< 11{ t M I % It. kliSTPH III II I'OYKRt-Rayon, acetate, nylon. "Orion" acrylic fiber and "Dacron" pel yesterfiber--they''re all. part of t he I (M2 Du Pont fiber pictore. Our cover artist then carries us back along llics liber tad] ..to 1889 wliui i.-iv new Giflfel -Tower and "the find, display of rayon shared the liimdiglit ai she Paris Exposition. Tying: in with these develop ments ,nv our a lories of l>i i Pom's old oat tilier and mew "Orkm" staple liber. Allot.Inn* article of special inieres(. is on pioneer oil ti'iinsportiifioii by Paul (! iddens, Allegheny (fnllrge pro lessor and Curator of die I hake Well Memorial Park. You might, say he's got. hot h oil and pi'iuler'i- ink in his veins. 1*11 K%*1 Mil's Our next iw*\u- w ill pinn-kitk- our I h Anniversary sunos. Customer* and friends of i ho (Ain |n:iuv will he vsporinllv ini tmrsu'd mu! ronctarik'd with l i a* lend ank-lc discussing 1 >11 1 *<mfh role hi |.ht chemical industry or the years ahead. In o'.hor stories thorn xs ill hi' n few i 'hristmoH sup*^1^5-ions. n photo"malm' rmuuiup of vmr newest ik*vclo|>monln, mui informative hits nbrnu. some of f he litiln-rhsi'iisMi'ff HunnicA 11ml main' up iho hulk of tmr 1 h-nssi'lli Chiemicals l >eparl mend salt's, knot hull f^atnos. television, aiul motion pin nut' 1,1m mv hemp amakramui ed into sit!! ,im>ther feauev thuI we expect- lo havo ready for the nexi issue. IXiljlistN'd amt Pitpvr'.p.hlvil It'S 1! h_y 1y I. An dc N.-srii mito !fe t.'-y i 1 in- 1, \V ImtiM'O'nt. I w.irc. All righto, i ::-rvv<u\, Thi-i tir- ur jKir's % he re, il Iiiiy is. d |>;' rvps isU.hvO Hi ;k iy Bum tuiluHil pcsssiiKMoo hi wriuin'. tVfni iltc publisher. Printi>rf in U.5.A. -...lh* nu n u( Trrimiail Sales Servuv who |>a*s on l)n Pont. know-how to cnsloinrrs--are !lie sillijerl.s of I hillnii * filili arlirjt; inai kin^ the < !oni|iany s I.oOllj Anniversary year. fly Mil,Id til s. 1HTTON lini'lv ill 1.1 le IHfiiU. <h h ` if 1.1 oddest even I.s <i( >.hal. boom ing decade took place at Repnuno. N. .J, A husk v worSnsnn, wearing an air ih:d bespoke what lit; was about, to do was all in I lia day a work, mounted a (all i.owcr am! burled box nfler box f>C dynamite onto a pile ul rocks; l)H()W. This is uof. ihe sort of treatment, Ilia), usually is; accorded dynamite, wliidi is a commodity worl by of as much respect as, n loaded you. However, nothing of a di:-asi.r<m.-i na (.on; h'lppeticd. anrl an mo (.bin;: of a betielicent: order did. t\ol long i.lieriMtleic for '.he liivl. film-, flic railmads o' A meric;i sreepled i lynamile ;h freight. Tile event was doubly notable. ]|. also marked the muimg of age in i lie list I'liul I.eiinpimy of what is known today as Technical Sales Service. T.SS is now (CompanyWide, am! follows f lie salesman ;i!mos! as assiduously ns ilia shadow Who rover t )t> I'onf jirodu;:!,:-; ore used in (lie processing inda.sl.ries, thefts according l.o the. need, you wilt usually find I ho men of TSS. Rock of tlie services is flic basic purport! of making' Du f'oni. know how. (he most valuable of I he Company's assets, available i.n its customers without resort!, to their size. Tlie problem is what eoimfs, end if can be as big as they < mile. T.SS K|X-d;tli,sts in the handling uf explosives, for rxsmtple, today range 1.1 lr- nation to help solve problems like file followii.g as a ruin,inn of l,heir jobs. I )eveloj>iiicii(. of the water power resources of the Tent lessee Valley watershed, the fina.f M-nges of which were carried out in a period of sharply rising costs, dun landed the nth:osl. from men ami cools alike. Chosen as a major tool h i tlie building of the; huge Fontana, Watauga and .South I lob-ion dams, located in the (I real. Si n< ikies near fli< Tennessee-North Carolina borderline! was Du Toiit's 'NitTaitKin" blasting agent. That clioicc pat TSS advisers to a .supreme test, (.lull: extended over seven years. In a serin,' ul nine maps* blasts I hat were shot, between HITS auJ tftfitt, aDmi. -I,.HOO,OOU pounds o '-' ".Nlil.rairiuu" \ve-e ex plorled at the Hirer flam local ions, a moiiey-sm'JJig foiiil that set. a reionl (in' iftirrrying rock at: high speed, kaefi blast in il.seif sel. some im|xirlan! new record, and os an ascending scale. Near lirisl ol, on February b, li.i-fi), Uici whole fop of a mountain was torn olf in one unprecedented upheaval that in flu: space of seconds provided roughly 1,800,(100 Ions of broken rock for the South I (olslon Dam. This, the eighth of the blasts, was the biggest of indtislriul history...you must (.urn to the A-bomb Io surpass it.. The ninth, it. smaller blast, was none the less a chal lenge l,o technical skill and precision, if was comparable i-ci rOV(h%JVA IlA.1l. fu scries of nine major blii'ls sbol in-tween l')43 and I4J3l>, about 1 JiOO.OOO pounds of 'Nilriiueof Here c \ ploded nl ihree dufti brcalions . . lifting Lite Ik iIIo iu of a huge hole, amounting lo dOO.OIK) cithk1 yards of rock, to Hie height- ol' a leu story building and lofting It fall again. without disturbing the sides of l lie hole. Thai, teal was performed so geiilty l.hal window panes weren't, even era eked in a Held garage only HOI) (eel. away. Over all wan the record of safety set for the nine blasts. Throughout that countryside ar.d in neighboring towns whore people were properly concerned over sneh vast actions, not a single eonipiniitl of a bothersome or unexpected nature was liied for injury to life or damage 10 property, though subterranean tremors of the larger blasts wen: picked up by seismographs as far away as til lawn. Thai, record was no accident. II. was flu- result of advance calculations that took into account, the placing of every pound of Hie millions of pounds of "Nitranuin" exploded. On the biggest of flic operai ions. 1 TOO men worked 1 OH days to prepare the honeycomb of tunnels in whir'll five huge charge wan distributed with the care of a pharmacist weighing medicines. Those men did the work, but. with the emdldenee that TBS and more than it century of Du Pont know-how w h s hack of their blueprints. By no means is Du Pont, in the dam-building business. Bui with tlu: TBS, the eiiHlonu-r's need comes first, and Iving the salesmen's shadows is an assignment that leads lo ever new and si ranger events. 'Take horse raring, which is about, as far removed from Du Hunt's business as Hie moon. ! hit ' of our eh lies now lego lies* racing ami share in: revenues. Cleaning up the sport and keeping it. clean ss a public inleresl. Ami so a TSS man, a tew years ago. re purl.ixl to 1 hi Poni's I 'holo Hrnr'i.iris Dept The need, lie s.-i-d, was for a motion pieiisre iilm that could he developed faster and yet wil (island the high Iemperaftires reipared lo do it. Here was I he idea. The photo diiitsh.. a still shot of llie leading horses crossing (lie lino, set ties beyond all quest ion which horses are winners. But son let liing new in track ( holography has been added. ('ann-ramen perched atop six steel lowers spaced around tin i rack also make mot ion piehtres of i he whole race. The object is to record fouls or other infringements, if any. as they occur. The eyes of the six cameras miss nothing. TIM K IS OF Pi IF FSsPWi: Time is of the essence in this new so (Jervis ion. An olitcinl tar follows (he horses and picks up tln< exposed rolls of film. In less than a mimiie after ill.* finish, t.iic films are in the developing badi. In ease ;i foul f, claimed, all other In is: ness is suspended until l he judges can see t he race run again on the screen. When tlie THB man mark: this report, iin* best time in which films were being developed was five it* six mimites. That, was a costly wait. I hi IVml resoutvhors goi busy. 'Two new aign speeu, mpiu reversal imns were ereaieu. rn wraeit tests during the past summer, using existing darkroom equipment, the new films were completely developed in a record 3 minutes, 50 seconds, Ihe next move is to bring the developing equipment up to the Ml capability of the films. When this Is clone, the TSS predicts, the developing time will be cut to two minutes or less. The research cost Du Pont 1160,000, but in a day of speed and more speed in photographic reporting, the films known as 930A for day, and 831A for night, are expected to fill a dozen needs. Night sports events of all kinds are within the special compass of 931A. Both types are prom ising assets for speedier television reporting. Salesmen foresee all sorts of possibilities ahead for the camera that can rnonrt almost immedlatnlv what it r bps . ! ! < ' wl-h.}S nugin ue usea namruessiy to color me trouts' neacts. t he TSS tackled it as one of the odd twists of the day's work. Regardless of how odd the problem, or how small, TSS policy precludes brushing aside the customer's need if it can be met within reason, HELP FOR SMALL FIRMS One feature of the Technical Sales Service of which its members generally are proud is that often they are privileged to help a little business grow up, A TSS man of the Rubber Chemicals Div. recalls one such opportunity of many of the kind. It was early in the great depression. A new one-room, tire retreading shop was straggling to establish itself in a Texas town. Its total purchases of rubber chemicals were not much more than $50 a year. Small or not, the shop was a eo stonier and of concern ii if i it ,t\\ if i i : if T--! !i ! v. i' - i jt-d tO iff; i<f! ; v.-ii.l, I if-' ! !:; !.i ;!: ;: i j V. K ;ery jiikiiS*. j l: iiri tu iilriiijitig iiiirr.s, no iwi of which live alike, is sweeping liu: mdioilry, - covered constantly. The TSS for dyes was set up originally to aid textile, paper, leather and other mills that use colors in quantities. That is still its big job, and it is one that is growing, ever, tougher. Outside rayon, the early problems involved only natural textile fibers, A galaxy of synthetics has come along since. The art of blending fibers, no two of which may dye alike, is sweeping the industry, Sometimes it seems as though know-how changes almost overnight. That isn't all. Dyes are being called on to do tasks undreamed not long ago. They range from coloring germs and tissues in medical research to dyeing a weed-killing solution so that the user could see at once what weeds he had sprayed. Another time a black dye was selected to be spread over the surface of ponds to shut out the daylight, and quickly cause underwater vegetation dependent on light to perish. Pigs, cows and fish have presented problems. With pigs, the job was to pick a dye for use in tattooing their ears with special identifying colors. A cattleman who objected to branding was provided with a dye bath into which he could swish his animals' tails. A researcher into the habits-of'mountain 'trout asked-few a, brilliant 'ilye-tliat- now and then he was able to report experiments that had been made in Du Pout's rubber laboratory, and which were of interest to a retreader seeking to improve his work. Than .neoprana synthetic rubber wan introduced by Du Pont chemists. One of its qualities is a high resistance to deterioration by oil. The alert shop owner, situated in the midst of the growing Texas oil fields, saw his big chance and seized it. He became a manufacturer of rubber products for the oil. industry. That change brought new problems, and those that were technical became the problems of TSS too. There was no magic that transformed the business during the next ten years, just steady plugging, but by virtue of it the one room became a sizable little factory. It was able to employ its own chemist. The chemist spent six weeks of training in the Du Pont laboratory, and TSS helped plan the new laboratory over which he waa to preside in Texas. Today, the Texas factory employs 150 workmen and is an important supplier to the petroleum industry. Its purchases of neoprene and rubber chemicals amount to more In. one day than the retread shop bought in an entire year,' "Again,' TSS proved to -be a "Shadow of -substance. i\ow U'h'rinhm .writ*# joins 17-your-ttld ratiin program to It'll stories of tinoriea's prmrih "IVtvalcade of America" now has a 1,division team mate. A filmed scries of stories begun October 1 and may be seen on alternate Wednesdays at 8:30 p.m., K.S.T. over l.he NBC television network. These video programs, like the NBC radio series on Tuesday nights at 8:00, tell the story of America and of fin: people, both famous and obscure, who have contributed their courage and vision to Iho nation's growth. Preparations for Du Pout's entry into network television have been underway for over a year. Four of the TV films were previewed in four communities dur ing the past year. The idea was to see how audiences would react to them, and in each case the films re ceived an enthusiastic response. Du Font's decision to film the stories, rather than present them "live," was imide for a number of reasons. For one thing, filmed shows allow greater flexibility in buying station time. Smoother production and a wider .scope of a cl ion are also possible. In addition, it will be possible to loan the films for .school and club showings some! ime after they have been used on television. Subjeds of f lie si cries range from ! Merge Wash ington. Benjamin Franklin and Abraham Lincoln io such lesser-known heroes as the daring (Junker girl. Lydia Darmgh, and the patriot, John Ui.meynvan. Three Hollywood studios have produced flic llhrleen completed films, and many mi Islanding; actors and actresses appear in I hem. For internee, Pdunirl Franz, star of "The Du Pont Story," portrays an aged lawyer defending freedom of the press in "Mightier Thrrn The Sword," as well as the in vent Ive and resourcenil Samuel Morse in "What Hath God Wrought." At the dose of each program then: will be n story of chemistry to illuslraie Du Font's activities and the Company's contributions to better living. On this page we've reproduced scenes from some of I tie films to wldeli televiewers can look forward during coming moullis. Jefferson Davis reports for duty to Iiwlt Taylor in TV film, "So Long As I Live. Davis weds Taylor's daughter,leaves the Army and is counseled I enter politics. Death of Ms wife, starts Davis on Seal career, a flitter nitif lonely mmi. "TheArrow and the llow"tEUi% mother predicts she'll marry Andrew Johnson. "In This Crisis"! a patriot poses as a traitor to gel data for Geo. Washington. unclein tense scene from "The Locket." New techniques ham meant a rebirth far New York's Benson Mines, which were already aid when the Mesahi deposits mere discovered ByM.M, WILLIAMS i a country like ours is built on a"steel economy," northern Canada, and so on. It behooves us to work dislocations in steel production can quickly derail our our close-to-hdme reserves as economically and effi- s is more aware dently as possible. This is the job of men who get the ot tins Ilian steel companies. Right now, for ore out of the ground-like the staff of the New York instance,ft ft''W'ftn*Jj the;1 jft.ft..*'^ have people out all over the Western Ore Div. of Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. at Star- in planes, jeeps, on horseback, and on TlUq JIriOOj IMTll WpkMA Mfl3j MiiQ"TBW? "<VJ,"U\JTTpMIfL* T0--T.fa3vJTc4s2 WMf-JyJt-Xyt . TJDDytvJyItiBUfl "i,1\/JT4'i"IrW"i QJf5il foot combing the earth for new deposits to bolster The Adirondack Mountains have given up the It's generally agreed that there's plenty of ore basic i lying around.''The.trouble is, it's in 'Venezuela,"Brail,....... cies than the present -one,"'During-the "Revolutionary- War crude smellers furnished cannon balk and gun barrels for (.1 on oral Hom'd ict Arnold's succeirfiil h it. nnd-run campaigns near I,ake ('hnniplain. In the '80s. aboil 1 a quarter of the magnetite ores produced in l,he country came out of the Adiron dack deposits. However, willi (he discovery of the great MesaM Range in l he Lake Superior region, northern New York State look a back sent as a source erf ores. 'There was one brief, frantic revival (hiring World War I. It wasn't until World War IT that' lire need for arming the Allies bnnight: Adirondack ores back into prominence. There has been no lei down.since. The Sl.arlake ore was first, disco vert'd by surveyors laying a military road between (.he St. Lawrence and Hudson Rivers in 1810. It is a relatively shallow de posit, as ore formations go. Suctions he practically on the surface, while ot hers are covered by an overburden of sand and boulders measuring up to SC) feet. deep. 'This permits an open pit operation, the method used since 1941, when dimes ami Laughlin took over from an older mining company. "A a t h a s h in i h i. i:a in ir Benson Mines, from the air, is a great gash in the earth some three and one-half miles kmg and ranging in width from 400 to about, 1 TOO feet. Wit.lt its tint, tidy floor it resembles some dried-up salt, lake bed. 'Hie* cliffs which, drop perpendicularly to the floor of the pit are always receding. If. is in these "faces'' that: Hie actual mining takes place. The ore itself is securely locked in mother rock consisting of tough, igneous quartz, feldspar, and garuni formations. It is drill and shoot:, drill and shoot all flic way, starting with what waste rock remains after the overburden is scooped off, and continuing through the breakage of the ore-hearing rock. Magnet ito doesn't give up easily or cheaply, and each of the pit "`faces" presents its own peculiar blastirg problem. Jones and Laughlin uses column loads of I hi Pont -`Nil ramon'' and "Nil mutex" hirst ing agents in their shooting operations. 'They loci (his pair oilers I lie host possible fragmental ion. lmt even more1 irnportun!. is its greater safety in storage, handling ami use. For the most part, the breakage is an complete the broken rock can be handled by power shovels with Jit tie seenndarv blasting. Blast-ing expert* at Benson work wiih Du Pont technical service men in (lying out improved explosives and met hods of using them. They did some pioneering Iasi. year, for example, with a new device ended the "IVnnaeord"' MS 1'ouncetor. 'Lius permits delays of about. 17.1000 of a second between holes being shot.. In out: massive 29-hole blast, 44.1)42 pounds of Du Pont blasting agents produced more tban 122,TOO long ions of mnguel il.e and waste rock. The closely controlled delay gave excellent breakage wit ti a mini mum of vibration. If was agreed all around that ilie new technique was a genuine advance in safety arid I'llietency. It. was also gral ify ingfv economical. 'To help satisfy 1 ho appetites of the dimes and Laughlin blast, furnaces, Benson mines work around lhe clock in all kinds of weather. Last year I hey mined about 5.500 pounds of crude ore for each pound <11 "Nitramon" and "N Unimex" used. These figures are a success story with a reverse twist on ir. (lomparod to the 1050 figures, ore produc tion is up but cost of Masting is down. There is in) reason to believe the trend will change, I hi Lon! explains it. this way: June* and Laughlin has been just, as reeepl ive to new ideas and new blast ing meth ods as l)u Pont, represenlal ives have hi'en aggressive in presenting them. But fhere are no regrets. 'Tat1 primary goal, mere efficient mining of the Adirondack ore. is being realized. liit* :ihtS >'i \ r !\ v- .. VN-.-K.i.- n < j i }'{ I Cline's <pt*raliott ofJours uml --v o'\ SlBel ('ot*|>. i ; A1 B jB.T'.li B; : .-vi.; itit.. 2131 11 m |Iib raiili :>!-2 mill*' lou mitl IlH^ iii> ! .,100 IVii uislr. <4|M*rs worked yi-riiinr uniting Iwrrrto iml they rouldiA up with lln* rising Hood id oil. . . . il Mutiflimm iras morr of a risk and t-xpeitso la grt oil to market than lo drill and jin il il liy PAUL I-f, UIDDKNK ure 20 tnc-ii about to crow. the burning Sahara. They si,of) at a bubbling sprinp: near the desert's edge;, intending to lake a supply uf water with [.hem, and discover I Iml. the only container among them is a single eaiiteen! .Substitute the Unhid States for lhe Sahara, oil for water, and you have: a fair picture of the situation lacing oil prod nee's in the early I 8()k . (letting oil out of the ground was one thing; finding something to put it in was another. Thin storage and iransportal ion problem was one of the first to demand solution by the infant petroleum industry. . 'Flic story begins on August 21, 1 859, when the drill of (V>1. Edwin 1.. Drake near Titusville, Pa. struck oil at a depth, of 691feet. This first, oil well began pumping 10 to 20 barrels a day. The news spread like oil on water, bringing men on the run Lo lease or buy land, and to drill wells along nearby Oil Creek. Soon oilier wells came in, producing a( what was considered the enormous rate of 20 to 75 barrels a day. Each new strike created a sensation. While these wells produced more petroleum than had ever been seen before, they were nothing com pared with the "monster" flowing wells of 186.1. The Little &, Merrick well, completed in April, spouted at the astounding rate of 3,000 barrels a day. love months later the Empire well began gushing at the same rate. With f ho market already glutted, output from the Empire drove the price of crude oil down to ten cents a. barrel. Then Phillips No. 2 roared in like a hurricane with a flow of 4.000 barrels a day. This was the largest oil well in the world. The daily crude oil production in the United States jumped from virtually nothing prior to August, 1869, to nearly 5,00(1 barrels a day in 1864. Practically all of it came from Oil Creek wells. The owners of the pioneer wells were bewildered by the flood of oil and wholly unprepared to store such large quantities. Drake borrowed washlubs, boilers ! soox APIKII to Delaware in 1802, E. I. du Pont, founder of the Da Pont Company, . . ' 'ordered' "two"' giant .millstones shipped ..from his 'native France,- They- were used to -grind the ................................three" estontiirinitoaifints'ofBlIeK""pwa^................................. ' '.; . , This year One. of these seven-ton stones was'lifted from the bank.of Brandywine''Creek, ........... ................... where..itrhatbheeiT discarded"longago;" and'"mounted" on' it "foaffiiiti6ii'"lt the "site "of "the' "first: powder mill, It was dedicated at the Company's 150th Anniversary celebration in July. On a bronze plaque affixed to. the other side of the stone wheel above are these words: "On this site in 1802 the Du Pont Company mas conceived. It has groum with the growing nation under-a system, dedicated- to freedom. Its greatest asset has hern, mil its people mi its guiding philosophy that, there is no privilege that is not inseparably .......... to bound; to a duty."". ........ ... 1... C-tlTIX process for nitroglycerin, the first in a -commercial explcisivea ............................... plantin''this" country, will be a feature of the new Du Pont dynamite plant at Martinsburg, W. Va. The plant is scheduled, to go into production next spring. " ....................................... 'Ili""contiiiio'iia""pfdcess,"repIeMg""tiie"tiiiitoIic)iiori3' bateli process of MG manalactiire,.. has safety as its biggest selling point. Instead of the approximately 3,500 pounds of touchy NG in a batch reactor, the continuous nitrator has only 250 pounds. In addition, automatic controls in the continuous process shut off the feed if power fails or if the temperature in the reactor gets too high. btoitoto-. Y htof . II Will SYX'TH i 1 - Y totototo- is .usually about M.aay as-getting * cat ....................:.:........to :..swlm....:.,riia.t,'s why!. a new pressure..fabric, '..dyeing machine... .lias been.. .designed - -by-'-a - ............................Du Pont engineer. It's, .the latest step in the Company's research program to perfect the ........ ;...............;....... dyeing, ofliyntheticrfiber.. fabrics,. .particularly... those:. of..."Orion' '. .acrylic.fiber..land..."Dacron'.'. / ..............polyester fiber........................... '...................... ....................................................................... ........ ; ;.........;...........;........The machine is called the fiarotor, "because its main parts consist of a rotor and uniquely.. operating bars within a steel cylinder, IPs described as the first major change in batch dyeing methods In 500 years, ' Well on the way to development, the Barotor still needs "the refinement of the textile machinery manufacturer .and the experienced touch of the practical dyer," according to ' its designer, Paul M, Cole, The machine was developed as a service to Du Pont customers. It will be manufactured ........ under license by textile..machinery firms, ... .. . ............................... American methods and machinery are making It easy to sell a . , , tsy ii,, ei, wuui/itui4J', Tradition doesn't uproot easily, particularly in the Orient, So, when the government of Ceylon'faced up to some hard facts relative to feeding and supporting its 7,100,000 people after World War II, the island's leaders were placed in the position of gelling a land revolution. The 25,000-square-mile Mand, which lies 70 miles southeast of the mainland of India, cut its colonial ties with Great Britain in 1948. The end of colonialism meant the end of a crop system which'exported quan tities of tea, some coffee and crude rubber, and did very little to meet food needs at home. . The carious climate of the Hand was a farther complication. The southern end of Ceylon is mostly steaming jungle, A mountain chain several thousand feet high checks the drenching winter monsoons which pour up to 120 inches of rain over the southern district during a five-month period. North of the mountain backbone the land is comparatively arid, receiving only about 30 'inch of rain a year. Neither section offered good conditions for rice-- the life-sustaining staple crop. So the government bravely set out to create new conditions which neither nature nor tradition had provided. ' First step was a series of planning huddles with UN food-and-agriculture experts. Next came the hir ing of an American construction firm- and the impor tation of more than 150 diesel-powered bulldozers, graders, earth movers, harrows, and tractors. Toted inland over a wheezy narrow gauge railway, the snort ing machines moved in to topple the jungle forests and grub undergrowth1 from terraces and uplands where for centuries, logs ..had been, hauled by ..patient .elephants and the soil had been scratched by -bullock teams, - - When conceived in 3.949, it was about the largest and most ambitious land reclamation and irrigation project in the Eastern Hemisphere. Progress so far has exceeded the wildest dreams of the planners. Gal Oya dam was finished a year ago, well ahead of schedule. As of last March, 20,000 jungle acres had been cleared and 10,000 were ready for cultivation. The first 10,000 cottages are nearing completion. The accomplishments to date took some heroic doing. The Ceylon government deserves credit, with an assist from an American soldier-of-fortune named Leeowen (Tex) Taylor and his armored division of roaring Caterpillar-built bulldozers and earth movers. Taylor debarked in Ceylon in 1951 with more than a decade of jungle taming experience under his belt, but with only a vague idea of the challenge he faced at Gal Oya. He found, for example, that he had : to teach severalhundred natives of mixed and antago; nistic religious persuasion how to become skilled opera : tors before he could use the equipment waiting for him at the dock. Tractors provide llw? nnisele for load reclamation project in Ccy. Ion, whew 250,000 acres ofjungle arc to In: cleared in 12 years. ' FIRST JOB: IMPOUND A RIVER This was the scope of the project; They planned first to impound the waters of the 62-mile long Gal Oja River with a dam two-thirds of a mile long and 154 feet high. Heretofore the river had been a raging flood In monsoon season and a trickle in the dry months. Then they planned to clear, over a 12-year period, a total of 250,000 acres of jungle and massed under growth for cultivation. About half of this acreage, arid and undeveloped, was to' be irrigated by waters from the 30-sc|uai-mile lake -created by the dam. They planned to build 25,000 four-room cottages and move in a total of 250,000 settlers, providing families with .. sevenracrft...plots, .Ire.eifock and farm .implements......... taught them howto run and care for 20-(,on bulldozers, hut tricks lie had learned the. hard way. He taught slender Ceylonese youths, barely tail enough to reach the pedals, to fell hardwood giants by pulling them down, instead of pushing them over. This operation, incidentally, entailed the nicest kind of teamwork involving a tree dozer plus two pairs of bulldozers dragging a huge iron chain between them. Once the drivers got. the drift they were flattening up to K15 acres per team in a single day. In addition to conditions llutl tried the souls and bodies of men. Taylor had to worry about, ihe condi tion of Iris Caterpillar diesel (.motors. But one thing he didn't need to worry about was the familiar bright yellow finish. Sprayed on at (he Caterpillar factory in the United Slates, this special "1 )uhix" tractor oname! stood the gaff of just about the worst operating con ditions imaginable. Taylor also put these Du Pont finishes to work to teach Iris men a maintenance code, lie painted water cans and radiator caps white: diesel tanks on (be tractors and fuel drums were striped in black, grease cups and lubrication drums blue, and so on. It was sin; pie, it worked, and saved time, money and machines. The Gal Oya job is well launched but is only partly complete. Even so it appears sale to relied t hat the contributions of Tex Taylor and (he bright yellow (fat crawler tractors which have become synonymous with "America" all over the globe, are lining Ceylon -.. and the cause of the West more good than several tractor loads of diplomatic representat ions. Gtjiri'iiil ' ifiifim- i-n.iiru'i, pra* ril on n i iiin piiiFH. pro- iNjuijnnrul n^atiisl uf oprraiiou in jnn*.>Jo aiva. (!iilT|iiltar tractor is liaiiliita 111i <Irt for iiir|Mtrt riir- I *nl t il.Titt i< :* syntltoi nf ru-H Iid |n * i ii i !n It h i, \\ siler frnm !h f fr*ar- n*a<i<` hr 1^ AT JLJ A lip. I luHiilliirgy ^Icfi) an#f iiiarliiiiliijg [_ JL JBL % J Pinvilrr urot'C^ le.-s itirlal. Ihe story is loliI of ;jii Army major, assigned I hr: job of procuring a certain motel pari (luring World War II, The written specific;.!lions called for a finely inridiined [ji(>ce with unusual strength and Jk n .iI resistance. Mil lions of parts were needed in a hurry. The major, finding that the necessary machine tools wererri available, turned 3n desperation to a powder metal fabric! if or. The fabricator explained that he couldn't meet (.lie specific,.! t,iom for strength or size. The major, conceding that iho standards might be loo high, /ecpjc'sl.ecl Ilia! he supply sample parts anyway. Ik* did. and they performed the job salisfaclorilv ii< every respect, "Mow much will you charge to maxe (hew?" (he major wimted to i;i;ow. "How much were you going to pay for (.lie machined parts?'' replied the fabricator. "A collar and a quarter apiece," said (lie ollieer. "Well/' said tin; powder metal mum ``tins may sound ridictJwB, but mine will coal you ten cents." Julius Ha disc;, vice president of the Mated Dis inl.egml.ing (Jo. of tln'KJii, N, 4., a leading manufacturer of n'lCi.al powders, adds a moral to (he tale: `'People today arc asking fheinselvei: <;Jic indus trial equivalent of the World War 11 expression, Ms this trip necessary?' In other words, what are the requirements of (lie gem: or cam or whatever other metal pari; they want lo make? With rising material and labor costs, more of them are re-examining their specifications and finding powder metallurgy an economical answer," The powder metallurgy process, exploited hut little until the 20(1) century, also has made possible the molding of abrasive wheels, brake bands and other friction surfaces containing a mixture of metals and such nonrnetnls as plastics. It fathered (lie porous, selflubricating bearing, too, and more recently, a filter of poi-ous bronze used in fuel and lubrication systems. In the process, metal powder is placed in a die of the desired shape and so Injected to pressure as high as :>0 Ions a square inch. Then (.lie molded parr, is sintered, or heat-treated, a process which increases its strength ten times over. The sintering is usually dime in an atmospllore of hydrogen in order to reduce any residual metal oxides and prevent oxidation. In ihe lab of the Metals I Jisidlegratiiig Co. and (he plants of many of its cus tomers, this hydrogen is obtained by breaking down Du Pont "National" anhydrous ammonia, 09.99 per cent pure, into hydrogen and nitrogen gases. "The hydrogen we use has to be of high purity. Above all, there must lie no moisture present. Du Pont ' Notional' anhydrous mm non in moots our require ments," Sadist: told us. A tier I min" molded under pre-Miro, jiowdered tnelsd jinrls are hciil-treuted. Hydrogen in furnace prevents oxidation. * TWO NliW FINISHES have been announced by (he Company. They fire: Du Pont mildew-resinl ing packinghouse oyster white enamel, containing a nonl.oxie I'ungicide an;! do: foiled for use in food processing ureas where mold is n problem. TtisUs in creameries, meal, packing and poultry plants have shown the product's effectiveness. "Dulux" interior varnish, an extra tough finish for floors and furniture, ft lias superior resistance to alkali, water, alcohol and scuffing feet. Proved on gymnasium. and industrial .plant, floors, ..it's, recom mended where a clear, hard-wearing finish is required. For information on either product write Room 7010-M. Du Pont Rlcfo, Wilmington."eel................... SPICY IDEA. These attractive ceramic splee pots can be re-used as cigarette urns, flower vases, etc. Cardboard cap and recipe folder are held in place by a colorful Du Pont. "Cel-O-Seal" cellulose band. Makar is De Gonia's,. Garden. Grove, Calif. .. o PRACTICAL .INDOORS OR.. OUT. is this, new fab ric, rug colorfully coated and decorated witlrneoprene, Du Pout's chemical rubber. Soft and resilient, it can be used in the house or on porches and terraces. Manu factured by the Miltorn Corp.f Greenback, Term. KEY LOOPS of Du Pont nylon plastic are a feature of the Orleans "KeyTainer" key ease manufactured by Buxton, Inc., 93 Orleans St., Springfield 1, Mass. Tough yet flexible nylon loops lode in position so keys won't drop off. "KeyTainer" also has inside coin purse, A NEW LINE of easily dispersed pigment colors for. ..mbber-base. .paints. has .been announced ...by Du Pont. They are high in tinting strength and. are designed to reduce the' efflorescence of sodium sulfate crystals-that sometimes form on wall surfaces. For further information write to Room 2500, Nemours Bldg., Wilmington, Del, PHOTO CREDITS: Pages * and 3: Courtesy Turn*. Dept, of Conservation; Pages 8, S and 10; Courtesy Drake Muaauin; Pages 12 mid 13; Courtesy Cater pillar Tractor Co.; Page J3, top and bottom left; Courtesy Mlnneaottt Mining and Manufacturing Co.; bottom right; Courteny U.S. Army; Page 25, bot tom; Courtesy Nyc-Wait Co.; Page 38, left; Courtesy American Cjnitiiiinisl Co., Calco Chemical Div.; Page 3$, left; Courtesy Ueiwral Motors Corp.; Page is, right; Courtesy USDA; Page 36. ton left and tenter; Courtesy General Motor* Corp.; right gad bottom left: Courteiy York Corn.; bottom center: Baring Galloway; bottom right: Courteiy USDA; Page 31, hoiloin; Courtesy Revere Copper and Brass Inc.] Pupa 38 uni SB: Courtwy Morrison-Kmulsen Co., Inc. t) II ilh off the tfisrussiott of new miracle" jihers, (he fart rnmtins: your garments, ftp ti Hitt/trixin/i' extent, are the ehiltlren of their Jinisiihtg agents lly 1'K i min i*;if When an executive' gels a new assignment, that's the signal for tin.* press to round up his past achievements and current activities. Taking their cue, we'd like to introduce a newcomer among our textile finishing agents..."Panaion" FF resin dispersion- and use the occasion to review those; little-known but widely-used chemicals, the Du Pont textile finishes. On the market for several months, "Panalcm" FF is proving a fine stiffening agent, for man-made fibers. Applied to filmy marquisette curtains of "Orion" acryl ic (ilx)r...its biggest use so far....it gives a durable stiffness that's pleasing to the housewife, who gener ally objects to curtains that, are completely Jimp. .Happily for the textile finisher, Hie new resin is com- pati hie with ot tier materials used in the treating process. Products like "Panalon" seldom catch 1 he public ear, For the shopper is generally more interested in weight, weave, color or fiber: "a heavy wool tweed, please," or "a blue rayon gabardine." But the finish- ing-agetil, icing on (lie Iexlile industry's cake is a vital business. With (he help of chemical producers, textile finishers deaf with questions like: "Clan we make Ibis fabric flame-retard an I or water-repellent, at a reasonable cost.?" "What's the best wav to make this one look duller?" ' "Chin we give I his dress material a stiffness flint, won't, wash out?" "Will a in tidew -reta rding chemical lengthen this fabric's life?" "How do we go about making a fabric softer. . , or more crease-resistant?" "Can we keep Ibis one from building up static electricity in dry weather?" The answers can. to a surprising extent, make or break the performance of a suit, dress, shirt or skirl -.. or even a curtain, a lent or an awning. WATKU KKITI.f.MM'S To aid the textile finisher, some luilf-dozen of Tin Font's manufacturing departments have been en gaged in research over t he years. Our Dyes and Chem icals Div., for instance, has developed gamut of textile auxiliaries. Among its best-known are "Zelrtn" durable wafer and spot repellent and "Andes." renew able.* water repellent. Tin: hitler can be applied by your local dry cleaner. Recently, a number of customers have shown interest in the Division's new "Zeset" fabric stabilizer (`or wrinkle-resistance. Howard McKenna, president of New Bramilels Mills in Texas, is one. Not long ago. he reported that, their spring 'ho Forest Park line would be treated with this chemical. "We don't, know of any other ginghams I hat have: the remarkable degree of stability that we can get, by treating `Sanforized' ones with 'Zeset'," he says. "Not only does ibis make the fabrics wrinkle-resinUml, but it causes them to keep their original shape after cutting." (larmenis can be shipped just as they come off t lie cutt ing table, and .still arrive fresh and salable. McKenna is also pleased about, the hand "Zeset" gives to ginghams. "IPs crisp and firm with some body to it," he reports. rwo afiiTir,y.s tv o \k h a t h As an added plus for textile finishers, our 'Foxtile Service Section and Technical Laboratory advise that both. "Zeset" and "Zelan" cun bo applied in one bath. The result: a fabric that's dumbly water-repellent. spot-resistant, and wrinkle- resintaut. To the general problem of crush-res is Iniice, (.here are several approaches. One is based on our Polyeliemlcals Dept.'s crystal urea and our Electroche mi ca Is Dept.'s formaldehyde. These products are turned Seiiii-jMTniaiH'iil slantic^. sisrd in lli<* hfmn\ ;ir*' tin* ;t:4 of "KI\acT" [Nib \ iin I arrlair. Tin-v l:i-l Hirnncli main wa-hiiitts, ;-i'. i ! :l. i.! i: : ,1 11 i . 1: 17 by tl i textile industry into urea formaldehyde resin, the grandckiddy ot` all crush-res is ling chemical imruitmenls. 'I'he good service you get from fabrics like rayon suiting!:; can often be traced to IFF and Its diemi cal cousins. During the recent textile depression, cotton suf fered less than expected, thanks to durable resin treatments. The wash-resistance of embossed cottons, like the "wafile" or pieolet fini-shed materials in dresses and children's wear, was slapped up. This washnbitity, eoiifilecl with (lie fad Unit they don't need ironing, is inak iag ern bossed goods n lui'oa nd more; i tl .-active to con sumers. in addition, resin (.real merit proteins nets and lnavqu'Hellos against "opening up'' and droojpittess. Another cure for droopy, tired fabrics lies ii: a producl oflhe ivcctioclieu deals Depi... `'Klvacei'' poly vinyl aei-ihrlo. Hero is one of (hose rate ilntshes that, like "'/elan", is t and liar lo tin: housewife. She may not Cousin to polyvinyl acetate is "Klvanol" poly vinyl alcohol. This producl Is a size--a film-forming material that coats the yarn temporarily and protects ii during knitting or weaving. In the* early clays of nylon, Tflvunof" came to the rescue oflhe new synthetic liber by providing l:he first satisfactory size for nylon hosiery. Today "Klvanol" is also a warp size for nylon and oeelate woven fab rics, and an ingredient in sizes for new "Dacron" polyester fiber and for "Orion", NEW MMl.Vi EINlSlliNt; In addition, the textile field is buzzing these days with a radically new technique that, once again, makes use of polyvinyl alcohol. 1 t'a the so-called loom finish, applied during II in sizing opera lion but- not removed as sizes customarily are. The "Klvauol" actually becomes part: of (he finished, .fabric. Soon you may be seeing dress fabrics, such ns lafibla, made in ibis way. They'll have a fir11moss that, usually cornea from finishes applied m a later processing stage. Many another product is used lo change a fabric's j__' k.-.. : ; a.- ...,- '1.__ . ,, m-.-i ; ' ' : ; i .f U I i t. i ;; >. . ...; . :. I . ! . i !. . . Flain^ twin fsiJirtrs; mu*, riglll, In *h In t 'H IriMili-d, Aflrr 10 sreojuis* s;mfc|*h- llflr- ratiglii iumw it as "Elvacel ", hut it's the basis for syriihei to si.ilTening materials like "Sunlight", "Texizc" and "Mores" plastic starches. Used in the home, these products made by Du Pout's customers give shirts and dresais n nice feel and longer-lasting crispness. AI tin nigh it's finding a place on Hie family shelf, T-ilvnect" got. its ini tia Idem as a mill-applied finish. Th;tibs still its chief function. Textile finishers have discovered it gives a good hand to fabrics, more dura bility than they could get from natural materials, arid brighter colors since it lias little tendency to mask or dim them. feel... among them, our softening agents like crystal. urea or "Avitone*' and "Avii.ex" fiber lubricants. Still others ward oil fungous attack. Nothing brought the need for this type of chemical home harder Ilian World War ii, when tropical mold, mildew and rot threatened military equipment. In those years, and ever since, the government has purchased large quantities of fabrics protected by "Sbirlan" sal icy] anilide fungicide. "Tropkalization treated," they call them. Civilian awning' makers have followed suit,. Protecting awnings, tarpaulins and tentage is also a job for IN-2555 fungicide made by our Grasse!Ii Chemicals Dept. Sinai! amounts of it, applied to fab rics by clipping, make them resistant to fungi. "It only amounts lo about one per cent of the cost of our tent ikbries to hove them {.rented with 1 N-2,r>5;V says William Avery of the Webb M amifae tilling Co. in Philadelphia. "At that rale, you can hardly afford not In protect, them against mildew." k k ih t j im: i ik M n 4/. 4 it it Fire is, of course, a worse inmaca Here flic lirst worry isn't the fabric itself: it's going to be damaged, one way or another, Hat.her the question is. '`What's if going to do to its surroundings?" Will a drapery in a hotel, ignited by a careless smoker, [litre up instan taneously and take the building with it? Lives can depend on a fabric's relative reluctance m burn..known more formally as its "tendency to support, or contribute to the propagation of {lame." To provide lliis reluctance, I )u Pont supplies chemicals like "CM" and "Erilbn" (lame retardants. Fabrics treated with, them will char when exposed to a flame, but won't actively feed a hungry tire and pass ii along to nearby combustibles, Pirn* it-rali il witli '"('.riitot'' is still llsiim-trss nml inljiii. ll remain-. ?,. I*ut in 2,1 see. imlreutot! one is rnnitxfx lire. Besides draperies, flame retardants protect work men's clot lung, welding curiums, sleeping bags and many types of cellulosic textiles found in hotels, res taurants, night dribs and industrial plants. In addi tion, the armed forces have been so enthusiastic about "Erifon'' that it is only now becoming available in quantity to civilian textile treaters. To complete the roster of this Company's textile finishing agents and auxiliaries, we'd need many another page. For, counting inch individual item, there are more than 75 of them- -not to mention the dyes raid pigments Unit, add color to garments. Bui these chemi cals will have to wait until, once again, we have space to write more about "the .finishing touch." yji- ............................."sa A!_____. il.. j tlontic Mywcjy boats .are. mv / for duck shooting. Broad oil I clucks are o fomdior foil morning sight on Long Island Sound. EM b u m And- so is this busy scene, Hunter-. often put out two hundred decoys, With decoy:,, now in place, hope: ur o cento! ed around the gun loading VI --... WHi.... ' yirtGr'-".... . "VK !AX:A- ,..~T..' itya ' "*>< M } ay me inaicm g *'> tWf- kiintr-rV tnn ifsIifK::: Isvmvv;- ill Highballing Mallard* from Southern lice fields test the gunners' skill. " V* ' . _ |n[ii oc-. fret (or group Rowings. ::-:.v:.A-:::.ix>:.iwiM.-.A Pass shooting along the Pacific Plyway finds 'em flying high and fast. Mill ' S\ % At MaiKim.jsifr-eh N-Q.* Hunter s. of Canada gn^sc s^epraymanswered. Here the duck boat becomes u .part of blinds made of handy materials. A good retriever saves much gemm unci greatly aids the hunter's gun. Ihis sunken blind in California tallows both concealment and quick action. iivi" jS%l.:-.. U .f i Mil HI m ,:w ;4?;S::a M T~ VVV?:::* i .iVv if m:. Duck calling is an exciting art. The "chow" call will bring them down "Gunning the ^ Flyways The sharp smell of gun smoke, salt air ami swamp Is brought lo the sportsman in nostalgic fancy by the prize-wiiming motion piclure, "Gunning the Flywavs,'' produced by Remington Anns Co., Inc. The full color llhntn. film depicts wildfowl hunt ing nl its best in both tin's country and Canada. The sound is realistic, the photography superb and Ihe marksmanship spectacular. Blue goose hunting on Ihe wind-and -siee t-swejit tundra near James Buy, ('anada: broadliill gunning on Long Island Sound; lying in wail for high-flying mallards over the piu-ouk flats of Arkan sas all oliored unusual gunning and photographic opportunities which weren't wasietl on ihe hunters and cameramen participating in the produel ion. Thousands of feet of film were shot d m local ion anti then carefully edited into the final JO-minute movie. The new film lias been acclaimed by groups lhai have already seen it., and has won high honor;', in a nationwide eon lest. Ms popularity lias protnpled lelevisioii no! works and local si a I ions <o show il many of them more I ban mice. "The finest wildfowling picture ever made" is To accolade given Ihe him by thousands of sportsmen. Nim-lmniers. (.00, have enjoyed the film's views of wildfowl and scenic grandeur. To obtain "Gunning the Fly-ways" for free show ing, organizations should wrile the Advertising Divi sion. Dej.il. G. Remington Anns Co., Inc,, Bridgeport. 2, Conn. Requests for booking far in advance of actual showing should be made. While Ren ting; on lias a number of prints available, ! lie demand for them is exetx>dingly he;tvy. 21 Du I 'mu l deflate Jilin, fdinititir a (Hirl;ti"inf' and laminating material* Inis Jim nil ft hrantl ne tv rawer in I he tape reeunler Whether il'n eavesdropping <ai 1he innards of a new motor ear or reciting Mother Goose to wide-eyed kin dergarten kidn. tin; tripe recorder is one of the most versatile fools in thecomrnuiiicatkmsJut. To-day m/oruers are spinning tit electroities labs, radio and television sniclios aiid iiidusfi ial plants, ;is well as in thousands of American homes and oflioes. In (lie aulo industry, they re being used to track down and analyze unwanted noises in now cars. One ninuufaefnrer, litr example, redesigned a noisy i.ransmisstoii in three weeks with the help of the tape T ... .......:a , i:.. I,.,..... a n.... recorder's magnetic memory. The old cupped ear me (hod would have In ken an estimated three months. In both kindergarten and college classrooms the recorder is rated a fum-class educational aid. The University of .Minnesota not long ago taped an inter view- with n dairy entile authority for use in classroom work. The studio was a eow barn, where the expert stood face to face with his subjects arid flic lowing of the; herd provided an authentic background for the lecture. Tape recorders are not limited to picking up sound. 3a--life-- --EMaSiteJi a . : m.u Mi BBBMmi . wp. -: . mmm i TT Mi y 4ia -:-e w f:v i-feilMli iiW ...u laiaiBMiiiiBi ./A-,-:= wgHBy liiiaiiiiniiiiiii!:V:: ' Till HHHHB3 M|1 k^-:- . , /l-icVv. t : ixi B--Hr i- W-.v T.k NTT Mi MMWMWWii 'f-.= <*!'' h v vUilr litfii is r;i>iL i-iiilrd, n*|nrtnl nv*'s laitliliilly. Itstsllo nu n say il lias ^ri-jilly lulpi'd lli Imsiiirss. t sms ji^lrri r;n riy Id ii\|irrl r\plaiiiiii^ In milk |ih ti tkvvts a ft* Lain1*- \nll hr;*r la|ud Inluris They can record any eleeiric.ul impulse., and many expoids are convinced Hud. nun-sonic applications will grab the spotlight. in the future. In sending a new rocket aiof! oil a test flight, for example. engineers nmsi. keep i.alis on alimii. 50 inslrun ten Is l-bnl. register speed. altitude, acceleration, iemperal.tm* anil dozens nf oilier factors. li.'s done by combining readings from all I he ir.sl rumem.s in one radio wave and iransmilt in:.; them back to the ground. There the reading*are elect mnieally unscrambled and fed into a b().channel tape rci lorder f>0 ;'at mi id ! racks" on a single magnet ic tape. The I ape ad times 50 dupli cate instruments in she laboratory, where engineers cam watch lhe readings utsd as ed'oct ively us if they were riding in Liu* rocket at fiaHisanrls of miles an hour. The latest prospect is ilia! k'ievistOJt programs soon, may lie tape recorded. Both picture and sound in the form of electrical impulses would, lie trans cribed magnetically and played hack at will. Since i.lie tape requires no processing, it would bo possible to telecast remote news events over, task*" than at proses ti Much id' I he increased in! crest. in tape recorders is due S.o si.eady improvement in the throat- of the recording devices -the tape* on which die sound is magnel Dally 1 raced. The newest recording material, and (he one now accounting for the major share of product ion, is oxide-coated acetate liltn. Da I'onL which has manufactured a eel ate iilm since libl-h now supplies it to loading sound tape man ufacturers. Acetate film lets several advantages. Jt resists slrelching. rind its smooth surface takes a uni form coating of oxide, tints remicing background noise and distortion. 1.1 doesn't kink, and is easy to splice and edit. Words can he snipped out of sentences hand ily and new ones substituted, liven ihe* "s" on a plural can lie amputated to make the word singular. Since acetate iilm moved in in make recording easier and more reliable, I he tape ilia! talks back has been learning some mighty ini.cresttr.g things to say. And its vocabulary is increasing all the time. Indllstrial user of simtul t|N* is tliis iimlllri- niiimiiiiii'lurcr. Mini records sotuttl level to discover limi well uiultlrr niuliic.-. Viui i ican soldier in kitn-ii Ihlrus to pla\ ba>-k of Ids Ike. itiiimli* lupe-iveorded "hiikiit" teller'' in ilie folks nl home. Stti*i(lrrM of "OrJon" by Premier lire oniony fir^t 100% staple |u<nliiels, More staple from Camden The grfttt'hi}if outpn! of''(Prion'' acrylic staple Is brhiffinff n finch of tint spun turn prntlucls hi marhcl Hi, a oncf ;me farm near Camden, B.(-., Du Poufs new |skinl, for "Orion" acrylic: staple fiber is nearing its production ifoyj of'dOd.KKhUOO pounds;.) year. As this is written, (if,Jo2 filaiuein.s of the fiber are being s[iun simultaneously, crimped and chopped into short length:! for I in 1 i 11{> and shipment to yarn spinning mills across (lie conn try. Until last May only continuous filament "Orion" was being produced tti commercial quantities. That's the silty type used to date in shirts and blouses. The arrival of staple in significant amounts means more sol'l, spun yarn for knitting into sweaters and socks, and weaving into coal, and suiting fabrics. In staple form, "Orion" also can lx: blended with other fibers to achieve yarns with new cl i; mac led sties. As with any new product, large-scale runmifaef.ure of "Orion" staple* brought new problems. Crimping - giving each of the fibers a perm,-men1, wave -was one of the first. Crimped libers give: a yam loft, or jlulliness, and. help keep the individual fibers locked seen rely together. Overcoming static, plague of the yarn spinner, was another hurdle. The search for an antistatic finish Had; would make the fibers mure cohesive involved the testing of lifer,ally thousands of compounds over two-year period at a Du Pont textile laboratory in Waynesboro, Va. The problem is pretty well solved now, and the Company':! customer service men have spread word of the solid ion among staple processors. A typical staple buyer is Whittier Mills Co, of Cliatlalioodiee, Ga., a division of Ames Textile Oorp. Here "Orion" is spun info yarn for customers like the Premier Knitting Co, of New York City, a leading rnunufocturer of women's sweaters. 24 "The fact that you people give its a constant product, one that's manufactured to a standard, makes our job of spinning a quality yam easier," we were told by the mil manager. "When we find out at what temperature and humidity `Orion' spins best, we'll be able to hold to it because the fiber is uniform. With natural fibers you have to test to find out what you've got. Nature isn't as consistent as you people." To help' determine the best''atmospheric condi tions for processing "Orion", a small-scale spinning mil has been installed at 'Camden by"Du'Pont."Here each, day's production of staple is spun into yam under fabrics and carpets of nylon have a frosty elegance and a tremendous resistance to hard wear. Five years ago, for example, a nylon carpet was put down in the beach lounge of a Florida resort hotel. Sand is tracked across it daily, cocktails spilled on it frequently. Yet after its annual cleaning last spring the carpet looked as good as new, a fact the carpet manufacturer views as "amazing," - - ' Meanwhile, you're likely to see an ad in tonight's newspaper for a sweater made of "Dacron" 'polyester " fiber. Or maybe you "wore a suit of "Dacron" last summer, or own socks knitted of the fiber. All are made of "Dacron" staple, now.being produced in pilot- plant quantities at Seated, Dei. Large-scale produc tion is scheduled for next year at the new Du Pont plant in Kinston, N.C. As staple production increases, broad new fields are opened to all the man-made fibers. No one can positively say which will come out on top. On one hand they compete with each other for various mar kets; on the other they supplement each other in Mends.' But one thing' is dead certain at this stage; the consumer stands to win. no matter what. i. ; M:. I lti "I irloii ba>- jn,,l l*r*n 'In|i[M*l Jnh ,,lsjil* ;ii ('iiimlcu | lillll j ii.h 1 is imw gtiinu llir*nu'h dryer. IIDInti, nmirs iiexl. varying conditions of temperature and moisture. 'Flu; resulting information is made available to concerns like Whittier. Soft, easito laundered sweaters knitted from the Whittier Mills yarn are being given a big push this fall by Premier. An outstanding virtue is that they can be washed without, blocking. Other garments of 100 per cent "Orion" spun yam or blended yams are already here or in the ofling. 'Die history of Du Pont staple production goes buck to 1928, when the Company became ilie first American manufacturer of rayon staple. The end of World War 11 brought the first l)u Pont nylon staple liber to the civilian market. Much of if. is now going into blends for outerwear, where its strength and abrasion-resistance are of real value. One hundred per cent staple is used in men's socks, knitted under wear and sweaters. Perhaps the most exciting nylon staple news is being marie in the home furnishings Held. Upholstery Same nylon s-liiplc goes into long-waring nigr like tills, win* J>) the i\v<`-\V:iil <i. More gore into socks, swraters. Single nylon purl In lliis light, soefcel replaces four separate purls in foreground. and let it do the work of lum or more parts of oilier materials, Here are Ihme variation, of Ah winning rvdpv By GERALD KING When a manufacturer can simplify li is product and improve its performance at one stre>ke, he's ion 1 | & ... S. hen a Du Pont product helps him do it, we like to rate about it. That's we three new uses for Du Pont nylon plastic in the electrical industry. Some of our readers may find factored...by General..Electric.. When you tugged on the pull-chain of older models, you pulled a chain attached to a hook of one matedal, which turned an insulator of another attached t 3 a ratchet of a third, which closed the circuit and turned on the light. Now one chain, the hook, the insulator and the actuator for the ratchet. The improvement has lowered manufacturing ..ihfw1/2f3fi emrt ttirn1j,T,I^..ilifiisrl. fcQt aePWiIiW * iI-MVJV-UiFX ffclii. .4L-XIjt.<axJnJL . LflKlda'tf| .-A5t+,' XliXsrXatts 26 greatly cut down the possibility of an electrical shock, Nylon insulates against 25(1 volts wllhmil shorting or shocking. Where this plastic is used in the vafetich il is lough enough to resist chipping and cracking; where it, replaces the pull-chain it is strong and flexible enough to fake pulling and bending. 'Hie next case concerns a minute gadget made by the Western Electric ('o. for use in the Hell Telephone System. Called a (hermislor, it's a heat-sensitive re sistor enclosed in a glass bulb about I hree qua Her* of an inch tong, lids used in telephone circuits. The bulb formerly was projected by a cartridge wilh caps on the ends. Insula I ion was required between the caps mid the thermisforbs connecting wires. NYI.ON TPltlNt; t SKI) That was before Western Electric met up with Du Pont, nylon. Now tubing of the piasf in the diameter of a pencil is slipped over the Ihonnisi'nr, and the ends are pressed Hal under heat and sealed. Hesulf: a short length of nylon lulling replaces the cartridge and the caps. Again, assembly is simple find and costs reduced. The nylon supports (lit* com neeling wires, and protects the bulb against breakage mid si vain when (he wires are Hexed. Hie plastic's hem resistance is important, loo. because the conned ing leads are soldered during as sembly and. in add ifion, the completed ieleplioneequip- menf must opera I e over a wide lertiperai tire range. A iliird application has nylon plasiie t*`itying the bell bulb 1 homily and figuratively. ItV, a telephone inlerruplor...not. ilie eharaeler on your party line sv ho keeps lifting the receiver while1 you Ye trying !o ir.lk, hut a unit ttiai. gives busy signals and olher coded rings over the lelephone. The inlerruplor consists of a soles of slowly revolving earns mounted on a moior-driven shaft. Held against each cam by spring pressure is a small weaving piece. The piece follows the varying contours of Hie cam. opening and dosing a circuit to give the required signal. The cam originally was a wheel with as many as l,M pins support ing rollers. Now hoj h cant and wearing piece arc of inject ion-molded nylon. Tin-- nylon pa "is oufperform the ones they replace and cost less. After accelerated lesis equina lord In abotil (hree and a hall'years of normal service, lire nylon shewed, no evidence of wear, iloItaei'-T'aboi of Boston, tho manufacturer, ex peels llie nylon pans to oul last their predecessors by several years, Thai's how three manufaeiurers have put (he properties of nylon plastic to work. The recipe (bey followed is no seerel. cither. I Hi Ford, stands ready to suggest suppliers of molded pans, and to work with oilier manufaei urers in developing l he pans they need. I ran-.(Kin ail sections <il' n\ Ion photic tubing protect llierititstiirs against breakage anil insulate connecting v ires, file nylon tube is a replacement tor an open-emi eurtrulge, luu caps mid insnilalnt'*,, Nylon "envelopes" for llieruiMor- ;iiv lriil--ejilr! at Western FleetI'ii" pliiut. lAi.l. ill tubes :tre pitii'lieil shut in press. Ill till s h h c * >l m h>u lutr* >\m|1 5liri! ;p*M-mbh , nit Fiber facts A In iff glosstiry of tf.vlilis tvrum, including d-vHcriplhm of the natural jihen; am/ flitnw muda by /hi Paul acetate. (formerly acuta le rayon) Fiber made by spin ning a compound of cellulose anil acetic acid. Has a luxurious "hand"', and is a favorite in women's dresses, fie b a- mb: f! mriwb.ri i nvr. alpaca -Long, fine hair from Booth America's socalled alpaca sheep 'actually It's a llama); often blended with other fibers or used alone in outerwear, angora Goal hair (mohair!; also rabbit hair, the latter distinguished for fineness. Usually combined with such libers as wool, rayon, or nylon in knit fabrics, espe cially line sweaters. cashmere-- Fabric made from wool of Ind in's Kashmir goals. Usually blended with wool for knitted wear. " Cardani"-..Du Font trade-mark for ids high-tenacity rayon yarn. Used in conveyer bolts, tire cord, etc., where unusual strength is required. cation Fiber from seed pod of cotfon plant. Used as textile by man for almost 5,000 years. >: > :=: 1 i i:> p: ; i /S i: 1 *; : i t : l>iu- - {-d i : \ ti'-*' < . pi-'b: '- ! iln* o M<*M mill Jiar&'i**! se|J2i* of today's inau-jma<h* IiIm i m. "Drirrmi"- I) Font trade-mark for .its polyester fiber. Chief properties: low moisture absorption, wrinkinresistance, exceptional crease-retention. Used alone or blended with wool, rayon, etc. gxmim) %u a utmiiiMj Miugm \*x m meters;. me mgner the denier, the heavier the yarn. Fiber~E--A-Du-Pont-made-ra yon "with"special"physical properties. Crinkles when treated with caustic soda, for use in rugs, upholstery material, etc. jlax--Fibers of the lax plant, (see linen) "fcon#5--The feel of a fabric when handled; its cmsh- ability, resilience, softness. ' jute--Coarse fiber derived from Indian,.plant; woven into-burlapj-rug "backing," etc.......................................... linen--Fiber 'derived 'from flax. .. . nylon-- Generic term for the polyamides. Refers to mean uu rout's textile fiber, outstanding for strength, shape-retaining qualities, Du Pont also makes nylon In plastic form, "Or/(i"-Du Pont trade-mark for its acrylic fiber. Chief properties; warmth with light, weight, resistance to sunlight and chemicals. ramie--Flax-tike fiber derived from an'Oriental plant. - rayon--The first man-made fiber, originally called arid .ficial silk; produced from regenerated cellulose,.........;.; ffl*--A lustrous fiber produced by silkworms in spin .liing...thiir.Ieo.floons,....... '..............:.......... :.:............ :............ 1. spinning--1. Drawing or twisting fibers together to make thread or yarn. 2, Process of extruding liquid material through tiny holes to-form man-made fibers. staple--The average length of any fiber. Among manmades, term distinguishes those made in short lengths from those made in continuous filaments. .woof--Hair of sheep.,...certain...goats...and Mbs. Minimis spun, woven, knitted or felted-into variety of fabrics. .yarri--.The....piduct ...of...spinning. separate-filaments of- a fiber info a composite, continuous strand. . to crow about The Garden State, that's what they 'call New- Jersey. - ..Bit" In' the southerfi' part of"that"'rich agricultural area',... it's a chicken's;world. " .................. . .........With--a-state-poultry..census'-of.13;500,000," just. one South Jersey town-has-more -white legliomg than ..metropolitan..Baltimore.. has ....people...In.that.. town,. Vineland, one of several hatcheries turns out over 10,000,000 chicks a year. '. Vineland has several claims to fowldom fame. It is, for example, the home of America's second .oldest egg-laying contest. "This competition began in 1916," reports Willard Allen, the State's secretary of agricul ture, "and it was so successful that it's been going every day since. .The contest, conducted on a highly ..scientific" Basis," lias"helped.rli.se" .Jersey's'" production-.. per-bird-per-year to its present average of 180. ' At .........."By the way,"- says Men, "it was" inr"these.test..: -houses that Du Pont-`Cel-O-Glaaa'-plastic-coated wire - .. mesh., got., itaatart in.. ourlpoultay-husiness." Ilmeontest.. people put this window material in their 100 houses, and Jersey poultrymen have Been using it ever since. They like it because it won't break, keeps drafts out, but lets in the whiter sunlight, including the bene ficial ultraviolet rays." ' This past June, Vineland celebrated the anni versary of Its famed Egg Auction, a semi-weekly affair that's Been bringing big-time egg raisers.and.buyers ;..........; ;.; togetherTor a" quarter of a century. . . ' Allen, grinned, "Celebrated .It," he'said,' 1 `with a'. ..... A big' 'chicken "barbecue;" ;........... ...................................... :......... : To insure a constant and reliable supply of titanium -products for its customers, Du Pont is dredging minerals from. Florida's fossil beadles The mammoth dredge shown below is chewing up a fossil beach near Starke, Fla. and sucking out its valuable minerals. Du Font leased about six square miles of these titanium-bearing ilmenite deposits at Trail Bidge from the state. They will assure the armed forces of a constant source of titanium metal and the Company's civilian customers of a supply of titanium dioxide, the white pigment used in paint, paper, leather, rubber products, linoleum, inks and the like. Since mining began in 1349, more than 500,000 tons of the black, sand-like mineral have been separated from 80 times that much sand, hardened mud, androots and trees of an ancient buried forest, The buried forest is an expensive, machineryjamming headache, but others have caused even more ' concern. To begin with, the Trail Ridge deposit has a low concentration of ilmenite--less than two per cent --compared with ones as rich as 75 per cent on the far-removed beaches of Travancore, India, Regular milling or dredging methods wouldn't do. From the standpoint of practical economics, it looked like a hopeless proposition only a few years ago. Uninterrupted production of the snowy dioxide and of titanium metal have been "musts" for Du Pont, however, and a contract was signed with Humphreys Gold Corp. to do the dredging. They are old hands at removing gold-bearing rode from gravels. But even more important, Humphreys has developed a spiral separator in which gravity and a stream of water divide the heavy titanium-hearing ore from the lighter sand, This spiral separator is the heart of the process-- the ace-in-the-hole that made it practical. In all, more than 1,100 of them concentrate the titanium ores more than 20 times. After static electricity and magnetic separators concentrate the minerals thrice more, the ilmenite begins its rail trip to Du Pont plants at Baltimore or Edge Moor, Del, for chemical processing and a new life of usefulness. - ' - ... . , v ,,f . ' . . : -i .. :! `-i-.-V. f 1., t- i -!. -. to:.s, Dii Pout's oldest filler was horn in the clays of the Model T hut its spokesmen are still looking to,., /''to i ri fiu-ii f*ci o-ir* ............... ; ..................... - jt JL JL 1\mi JL %^|L %r IIif t L JL. Jit. JL 4Pw V JL JL . : By I*'- B- It IDO WAY While newcomers on the textile stage like "Orion'*. acrylic-fiber and "Dacron" polyester fiber now share the spotlight, veteran performer rayon has continued ' to star in one solid hit after another. After more than 40- years, the original man-made fiber is still a great audience favorite, .: . The history'of Du Pont'rayon illustrates the - dynamic nature of the rayon industry, which has been growing, developing new products and uses, and open ing up new markets since the early '20s, In 1923 the Du Pont Fiberslk Co. manufactured its first rayon--although the name -"rayon" Itself wasn't -coined until three years later. Early efforts of researchers and production men were -concentrated on developing a silk-like, dyeable yam that could be spun as a continuous filament or thread. The new yam made Its entrance on stage in wear ing -apparel Yet, five fears after the first shipment reached the textile industry, rayon men took a look at their product from another angle. Already the idea - of engineering into rayon the qualifies needed for an Industrial yarn had progressed from the talking to the planning stage. The curtain for Act II was' about to go up, . Rayon next made its entrance into the tire indus try in-1984, like any newcomer it had to win approval, but by the late-'40s rayon took top billing in tire-cord, a spot it still holds. Great strength, uniformity, and a .price advantage ha? constantly expanded rayon's market--and the phenomenal growth of the rayon industry-from a production of less than 1,000,000 pounds in" till to almost"900,000,009"last year is brilliant testimony to this, - In a class by itself is high tenacity rayon. It has a record, beginning -in 1888, of continuously expanding plant capacity. Ignoring the notorious ups and downs of the textile industry, this industrial rayon yarn, with double the strength of its textile counterpart, has been consumed as rapidly as expanding facilities could pro duce it. The rubber industry, to cite an important example, now buys millions of pounds every year for hose and belting. The carpet industry does the same for warp and hacking yarns for rugs. - Many factors -confirm - predictions for the future -growth of rayon. Its oldest form, continuous filament, has found a new-market with its specialty yarns. Two important examples are Thick-and-Htin for slian- " tuag""effects;.&nd""curly""Fiber" E" for "iiifpeti," rugs" and.. upholstery. -Other uses for Fiber E--and stilt newer specialty yams---are in the research laboratory or undergoing field testa. ' Most important to the future of continuous fila ment rayon has been the development of new fabric finishes and the appearance of chemical fibers like nylon, "Orion"-Mid "Dacron". To plied yarns or com bination fabrics with other man-made fibers, rayon brings its advantages of low cost, easy dyeing, high temperature-resistance, absorbency, and freedom from static. It receives, in turn, better Iamiderability, abra sion-resistance and resilience. The result of this com bination of properties, not to be found in any one fiber, is better performance and greater comfort. Much of our fiber anil textile research is now exploit ing these possibilities. Rayon's staple form, introduced about the time filament rayon was first tried in tire cord, lias even broader possibilities for fiber combinations. Primarily this is because the relatively short pieces of staple can be Mended one step earlier in .the textile process to produce a single-ply yam made up of several differ ent fibers. Staple is found in a majority of men's summer suits and is making inroads in heavier fabrics. It's now making great strides on its own in the apparel field, with its pleasant hand, drape and strength. In addition, belief in the staple has led carpet mills to buy and operate rayon plants for themselves. One of the newest uses of rayon is in nonwoven fabrics--drapery materials, dental towels, disposable diapers, etc.--which are created by bonding thin webs of libers with resins. Eventually 'this bonding process may join knitting and weaving as the third Important method of cloth manufacture. . Prominent as new products and markets are in rayon's future, even more Important is the constant improvement of the yarn's physical properties. With this valuable background of accomplishment and tra dition of vigorous research, Du Pont and the rayon industry aim to keep the oldest yarn young and In the spotlight. "Slrengih, uniformity, mid price advantage have con stantly expanded ratlin's market. The; niyiin iiwlmlry's liluiionifiml growth ikbri B fan I testimony to this." of dii*liloro(lilliioromo|ljinio . , . liv DONALD C, (VI .SDItLKY li. all .Marled with a plume fall. One morning' in July 1920. Ur. Thomas Mid glow Jr., was speaking l.o his triend Charles F, Kettering, then dii'eei.or of research for (leneral Motors. "Midge.'* sairl Kettering, "I was i.idkhig k> Lester KeilholT Iasi night, ami we earne to the conclusion When : guim-ii pig Ini-aiiicrl i'uinrs of llir lltioriiir l Oinpoiiinl and liu.l, Viidgl. v knew llie goal ofa ha 0- refrijyi-anl mis near. that the refrigeration industry needs a new refrigerant if they ever expect to get anywhere, I told Lester I'd call you and have you talk it over with him." Keilholtz was then chief engineer for Frigidaire. Midgley was the General Motors chemist chiefly respon sible for discovering why automobile engines knocked and for developing a chemical additive, tetraethyl lead, that stopped the knock,......... ....... ........... ...... What the refrigeration industry needed was a nontoxic, nonflammable refrigerant, said Keilholtz. Materials'available"were hazardous' and "often' required bulky, expensive equipment. Midgley listened, was dubious. .Could one substance be found that met these requirements and that would boil between 0 and -4CPG, the essential range? The scientists went to work, not in the laboratory but in the library. They looked first at the Interna tional Critical Tables, tabulations of melting and boil ing points of compounds. ERROR STARTS SEARCH y The most useful bit of information in the Tables was a mistake. It listed carbon tetrafluoride as boiling at.-!5C when it should' have 'been- -llSTh- But" this started Midgley and Ms associates thinking about fluorine. They knew, of course, that fluorine by itself was super-toxic. But someone suggested that they chemically introduce fluorine into an organic compound already containing chlorine. Dr. Midgley discarded the Critical Tables as in complete and turned to a periodic table in which elements were arranged according to their atomic structure. Could volatility be related to this table? It turned out that it could. FLUORINE COMPOUND INDICATED Midgley crossed off all elements whose compounds were known to be too unstable or too toxic. Eight elements remained. Suddenly, the researchers realized that all refrigerants ever used, were made from, these 'elements. But there was one of 'the''eight,'and only one, that had never been used--fluorine. Checking flammability "against the periodic table,-Midgley no ticed that it decreased as he went from left to right. Running his eye up the column, he observed that toxicity decreased. Where the lines met was, once again, fluorine. "It was an exciting deduction," said Dr. Midgley. "Seemingly no one had thought it possible that fluor ine might be nontoxic in some of its compounds. If our problem of a new refrigerant could be solved by the use of one compound, then"it would'certaMi be 'one'"that' contained fluorine," 'Tim Mligley'"team-started-with five ene-ounce bottles of antimony trifluoride, all that existed in tills country, at the time.. They .prepared..the compound whose constituents gave it the jawtaxing name of *`dichlorodifluoromethane." A guinea pig was placed under a bell jar with a few drops of the colorless liquid. Everyone waited for the animal to gasp and Si the nutocluve in which itie pilot plant work on the new product vms carried out. The process illustrated la obsolete. WHS (ievviupuu iiy Agmnmure topjirtiiitTOi u liecfloeago. Herts Dr. L. It, Goodline, USDA scientist, gives laboratory demon stration, Last year this country used 45,000,000 aerosols. oi<>. in ui(!:r surprise, u wasn't even irritated. rnc I of 1 he researchers was in sight. Tin? final step...producing the new compound in commercial quantities wasn tremendous job. DuPont undertook the manylacturing process and turned out a product of high quality for refrigeration use. Diehlorocliliuiiromethane, trade marked "Fi:j j i-I2", was first sold to the refrigeration ind usury in I TIL The iiidiisLry jumped from a f 100,000,000 business In 1000 to more than $2,000,000,000 in I Oh I as countless air conditioning and refrigeration systems began operating on "Freon" refrigerants. Today six "Freon1 'eoinpounils are available to satisfy every requirement of the refrigera lion Industry. During the early 19-10s, an entirely new use for the "Freon" eompounds was discovered. Our armed forces needed a more effective way to fight i nsec is on the Pacific islands. Working on this problem, the Department of Agriculture developed Hie principle of dispensing insecticides by compressed and liquefied gar flic "bug bombs" of World War IJ. The armed forces user! some .10,000,000 such bombs to kill mosqui toes anil other disease-carrying insects. 'I he material that made these devices possible was the suit in "F reoi -.-12" propellent, After the war, these aerosol bombs went civilian. Their convenience and effectiveness assured popular ity. Today a wide variety of household and personal products, from room deodorants to shaving cream, are available in aerosol containers. The nation used 45,000,000 of them lust year. And new "Freon" pro pellents have been made by Du Pont to meed: these varying needs. Continuing research in developing new "Freon" compounds and new uses. Already some are raw mate rials for the man Ufa c: Lure of plastics such as "Teflon" fetrafliiorocthylcnc: resin, and solvents for cleaning mol.ion picture film. Others show great. promise as fire extinguishing agents. As a family, these chemical compounds have proved themselves our honefactors time and again. The younger offspring of "Freon-12" arc as ambitious to increase the comfort, health and safety of the com munity as their (list inguished forebear. tm i*uin a n r -f' lniov f ir s t s Shot by compressed air through condenser tubes, unique Fuller brushes rout scale and reduce costs ft*r a flhtule Island piuver plant 1 lie workman al Newport .Electric ('orp. in Newport, RJ, BtepjK'd lip to the steam condenser, placed a cylindrical object in a lube, set his gun. mid...hang-... the object, went sailing out the other side. With it. went accumulated scale and foreign matter that, grad ually build lip as cooling writer passes ill rough... deposits Unit shorten a condenser's life and raise fuel costs. The "object" was one of the most unusual brushes ever made, specially designed by The Fuller Brash Co. for cleaning power-plant, condensers. The device is bristled with Du Pout nylon and a little wire. Used for two years now by Newport Electric, these novel brushes are outlasting their predecessor by about four lifetimes. Says a mechanical engineer for that company', "They give better denning action. 'Phis aids materially in keeping condenser efficiency at i he highest possible level." This user is perhaps even more concerned with efficient scale removal than many other power plants, for it draws on harbor water. 'Phis means that, as in all seashore inst.nllui.ions, large amounts of algae and other marine organ isms are present, to make I run tile. But the nylon-bristled "go-devils" don't seem to be bothered by the extra deposits. They dean them out Lo an extent engineers once believed impossible, each brush lasting for about a year. MY LON It li PLACES TLA.SLLS Cleaning condensers is just, one job being {lone today by brushes in places where they once feared to tread. We've written before, for example, about those of nylon now replacing natural teasels... the small, thistle-like burrs used by textile mills to raise the nap on fine woolens. In addition, nylon-bristled brushes are whisking the excess water from the fops of cans containing food...a I ask once done manually. Still another case is that of the machinery manu facturer faced with the problem of devising an auto matic method for cleaning a new line of wafer fillers. A brush seemed logical. But the filter plates were abrasive, and the unit would be constantly filled with water. He felt that a brush just wouldn't, stand up. Then his brush supplier recommended nylon. lie tried it out: it worked. Today from 10 to 50 nylonbristled brushes are used in such a filter. Finch is in contact with and "assigned" to clean one plate face. Whenever cleaning is needed, a drum lo which the brushes are attached is rotated. In minutes the plates are clean. Although I he operating condii ions are severe, these brashes are each giving over two years of sal isfnetory service. From power pis>us lo iexfiPe mitts t,-\ mpmprif* :U aprtitg munis were roniing, ana man mm raam uic eiocK on . . The dam that couldn't wait By JAMES i! Met a'Jli.M | (:K i.nhiiiet Gorge sounds more domestic than dangerous, and modem day clam building is more- likely to bo liTitibltWurte loan treacherous. I`rif. the two together, though, and you have something else again. Tire fleets, swirling' Clark Fork River with its sweeping spring Hoods made Cabinet Gorge .Darn one of the toughest nuts that big-league eon tractor MorrisonKrnidseii ever cracked. Cabiiioi Horge is a -150-foot -deop. rivev-eul slash in n spur ol' northern Idaho's Bitterroot Range wheat' (I* river makes a light Z turn. Water HO feet deep rushes through ilie tight canyon at this point when the river is normal. During Hoods, the normal flow of 12,000 cubic (bet a second explodes into a lashing runoff of more Ilian 125.000 cubic feet a second. Here, a few score miles smith of the Canadian border, M or risen- K111icIscn Co., Inc. was to build a mull imillion dollar dam and hydroelectric platif for (lie Washington Wafer Power Co., a privatelyowned utility serving nor(hern Idaho and eastern Washington. From every point of view, it should have boon a Pull Ihree-year project. Kleciricily for defense work in the area w h s needed hadly. however, and M-K agreed to have the first of four 50.001) kilowatt gener alors humming Ibis fall- agreed to jam ,`ili months' work into 2-1 i Even under the lash of defense needs, a couple weeks' delay probably wouldn't make too much dif ference. Bui. in leu short mi miles, the pulverizing power of an uncontrolled spring flood, I riggered by thawing snows, could have wiped out the work of ton mo nibs. 'Hits, (lien, was I he real peril. Aral May I was D-Day .The two 29-fool diamel er tunnels divert ing Hilo tin- work area. It was kite August now, less ilian nine mi ml hs to I > I )ay. By December, the weather was raw find the 1 hennometer huddled a few degrees above zero. Snow blanketed the ground. The builders drove f hemselvcs around the clock and gave I heir tools and machinery the kind of beating that gives rnairieiumee men nightmares. Oil the compressors, add antifreeze to ibis electrical generalor or that power shovel, put a new valve in one of the 28 giant, pumps lighting the persistetit river see-page ., , No time now for overhauls: patch up the breaks and keep them going. Spring anti tlie flood waters were coming and concrete pouring had just begun. So pour concrete they did.. 12(0(10 cubic yards of it. into a graceful s>00- foot. true-arch type dam curving in almost a half-circle across the canyon. Ha strength lies in iho lari is I its arch exerts on (he canyon walls, for nowhere is (he dam more ilian -10 feet thick. By March f he job wa-MO per cent completed. D-Day was an anticlimax. When the floods of M ay swept, down, they spilled harmlessly ever me dam's (op. Now 11 in dam has had ifs finishing I ouches and the hydroelectric plan! lias begun its sung of power. t : w l: s: j \ 'i ..J- \ > > {. < i \ t i . 1 * A . D \ ' i" Pi'i -wi t A f h i lie.' / \f': : i * \ i :l i- i i.\ i'i tiiilM'ahwi by lliD broken limw \\ >(: ' I ' i ' * i : >: 1 : *!: j i B. k 15 : < % . f. ! :;, s \ i i H : \i i\ , r trn tlirtriiiil Ivhids of rtjui|>mrnl i...... , .. : . .. . ... : . . wa> laki ii* hgtifliwit wvvv water around the dam site area could no more i urn die the Hood, than the banks of t lie Wabash or Shenandoah could hold the wafers of the Misstssippi. There was only one answer. The dam itself must, be ready to meet the wall of water, Afler the diversion tunnels weir driven, mw mighty 110,000 pound dynamite blast kicked down 80.000 cubit: yards of cliff to block (he gorge a few .yardsdownstream. Minutes later, the river was (lowing through tire tunnels and around the future dam site. Soon, additional cofferdams were built, upstream to cut down seepage, and one was placed downstream to keep the unusually deep river from backing up hi i ell in g us a few of the many reasons wire I he dam was completed mi time. Morrison-Knudsen Co's. genera! purchasing agent, R. If. Herrick.garnered!I io I .Hi Pont ant ifreezes that kept mart' than ten types of equip ment operating ilmnigh the near-zero Idaho wilder. "We've been using `Zerone* and `ZeroT aid iIVeezes ever since they came on the marketT he said, "and I hey account, for the largest, per I ion of the 8.000 10.000 gallons we use for our American operal tens each year. You don't have have k> tell us Du Pool antifreezes give dopendablo protection against freezing without corroding (lie cooling system. We've known il around here for years," Did you know ... 1 )U PONT FOUMALDER Y I)K is used in making the heads of strike-any where mat dies to keep them from crumbling in wet weather? . . . EMERGENCY LIFE RAFFS carried by military planes on transoeeanie flights arc equipped with i)u Pont fine pure cellulose sponges? Ability of the sponger, to absorb up to seven times their weight of water makes then, excellent for removing water from Ijie raft. . , . AFTER THE INTRODUCTION ofliquid paints in ancient Egypt, artisans made onishes of" reeds and the fibrous stems of palm leaves? This is a far cry from i.he loop; wearing nylon paintbrush bristles of today. *T* ---_j>4>a. s u l . . . . IN QUARRYING RLCXtKS of marble and slate, black blasting powder is used because it splits I he a tone rattier than shut ters it? Black powder, Du Pout's oldest product, is still made at the Company's Bel in plant near Scranton, Pa. .. , T)U PONT WAS THE FI RST company to make rayon staple fiber on a commercial scale in the United Stains? . . . AT LEAST ONE-THIKD of every dollar received last veai' by Du Pont for all its products and services wound up in the hands of the tax collector? . . . A CINCINNATI FIRM makes a healthful candy for dogs that is enriched with vitamins and contains Du Pont "Myeolxm" sodium propionate to inhibit the growth of mold? . . . IN 1896 there: wore exactly four gasoline motor cars m i,lie United States one built by Haynes, a second by floury Ford, a third by Duryea. and another by Bciij-; of Germany? Today Americans drive more than 42,0011,001) cars, a ml the auto industry directly or Indirectly uses large amounts of about 260 chemical products. Du Pont products for car makers range from "JJueo" lacquer, neoprene and "Zerone" anlirusl anl ifree/.e to electroplating chemicals and nylon for upholstery fabrics. . .. ACCORDING TO A RECENT CONSUMER SURVEY, 93 per cent of the women who regularly buy .saltines in fractional, or inner-sealed unit, packages prefer this packaging because crackers keep "fresh and crisp"? International I'/<*/"filling Corporation, lncorpomlcd fyga/or. fist fiefgAt$erric& It E T \Y E E N E A S T E R N C A N A 1) I A IN , U . S. NORTH AT LA N TIC V O R T S A N I) It K A Z I L - U K U (; U A Y -- A K G E NTIN A Every cargo. . . large or small. . . receives specialized, careful handling by men with years of experience in the shipping business. If you have cargo to he sent to or from east coast South American ports. . . ship the sure way, Ship I. F.C. l.F.C. ships call at ports in Canada, noi becoming a big exporter of manufacture floods as well as of basic raw materials From New York and other east coas ports. l.F.C. carries a wide range of l .S products to the South American trade Fabled RiodoJaneiro--and Santos, Reoil and rarauagua--are 1 .F.C. loading port in Brazil, world's tup coffee produce) larrieg newsprint [.aiimlian export. abound cargo mrlml of Brazilian coffee. dues. From Uruguay, famed for its seashon attractions, conies top quality wool. l.F.C stops regularly at Montevideo, the capital 'INTERNATIONAL FREIGHTING CORPORATION, INC. 17 Battery Place, New York City Branch Office: Buenos Aires -- Avenida Pte., Julio A. Roca -- 710 AGE NTS: BRAZIL Agenda Johnson Ltda., Rio de Janeiro, Santos & Sao Paulo CANADA Cunard Steam-Ship Co., Ltd., Montreal, Toronto & Halifax BALTIMORE The Hinkins Steamship Agency, Inc,, Munsey Bldg. PHILADELPHIA B. H. Sobelman & Co., Inc., Bourse Bldg. NEW ENGLAND Roger H. Neidlinger, Westport, Conn. CHICAGO F. C. MacFarlane, 105 West Adams St. DETROIT F. C. MacFarlane, 945 Free Press Bldg. PITTSBURGH La mark Shipping Agency, 202 Henry W. Oliver Bldg. fKU HU I 111 Of t. I. DU 1*0 N1 C NLMOURS &. I.. INC In lhienos Aires, vessels of the l.F.C bines load meat, hides, hulk oils and woo products of the rich Argentine pampas Remington Express" Shells limit'll- (jotter OU BET there's a difference in world -famous"Kleanbore"prim- Yshotgun shells! It's Reming ing. It cannot rust or corrode a ton "Express" that's loaded togun barrel. ONLY Remington the limit for power. They reach ammunition has this priming. out fast . . . give extra punch, And ONLY Remington shells speed, reach and smash! are corrugated . . . for greater Power isn't their only advan strength; for easy loading, feed tage! 'Phose green shells have ing and extraction. Flat-Top Crimp for perfect pat When Remington "Express" terns. They're Wetproof, too. gives you so much for your You can freeze 'em, dunk 'em money, why buy any other kind? --and they'll still shoot! Even today, when your dealer Like all Remington1 ammuni may at times be out, they are tion, "Express" shells have easily worth the short wait. Send 10 cents in coin for your copy of "How to Dress, Ship and Cook Wild Game" to: Remington Arms Company, Inc., Department DM, Barnum Avenue, Bridgeport 2, Connecticut, u ;ss" and "Kleanbore" are Reg. U. 5. Pat. Off. Arms Company, Inc., Bridgeport 2, Conn. YP??