Document aJozk0Jz0DkNaax3YqeykvBGR

FILE NAME: Owens Illinois (OWILL) DATE: 1951 May 25 DOC#: OWILL049 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Report - Laylo Division Plant, by Saranac Laboratory with Cover Letter to OWILL from Dr. Vorwald PLAINTIFFS' EXHIBIT NO. 0 ^ 3 ! CASE NO. BML-3_ - n ____________ I D E N T I F I C A T I O N _____________ i ADMITTED: ____________ __ / April 6* 1551 Hr. V. C. Hazard Oreas-Tllisol* d a * * Coepany Industrial Bl/rttcn* !>5.*icn Salado 1, Ohio Dear Bill: I s accordance vith j osr rwiceit of April 5 v are ha-py indeed to forvsrd to you, ns dor separate correr, tira eerie* of the reprint ea Experimental ' Stsdloe of Ashestoeie. Vlth. eregy heet viah. Sincerely yonre. AJTlIS CC: Kiss Eagaa: Please ... Artfcar J. Toral&, H.D. Director 3 repslat* to Hr. Easard. V32 I KSPCS? I/.YLO DTTISJC:' PL.M7 O a / c r s -I I lir c is M a s s Cc:.r?;r. Sayre v i i i e : i:c-vr ic r s e v Lav 2,? l'?Dl I ED E v. u^ ;^. by T h ; S a ra n a c L a b o ra to ry Saranac Lni:e. Ks\. York * Submitted Arthur J , Vorwald, H,D. D ir e cto r, The Trudeau Foundation and The-Saranac Laboratory In cooper o t i c LcKarc Cw % Thonas Dur Donald . Bai Kaylo Report o f In d u stria l Hygiene of D ivision P la n t, O c-ens-Illinoia S e y r e v illc , Kev Je rs e y Survey G Iebe Company L survey o f the Eaylo D ivision p lant o f the O v e r.r-Illin o ie Glee: Company. lo c a te d o t S o y r e r i l l o , Lev J e r s e y . t v s ie .:c on Jc r u :ir y 3 *. i ; by T . M. Durban end E . C . J . urban o f Trie Saranac L a b o rato ry in cc:.-.ru w ith TJ. G. E m arc o f the C / w e u D -Illircis C c r p m y , 'h o our pore c f t l . survey v c i to observe th e p la n t o p e ra tio n s End to d im o v e r whether c .v hez-ards to h e a lth m ig h t b^f c re a te d by d u st lib e r a te d fr e e the rr.r: r : z ? J hEuidlvcl or fr e ;: t h e fin is h e d p rodu cts rumuf a c tv re d , H urt c c in t ? c f ct p heric sanplos taken a t seven stm tcp i.c lo c c tic n c with the rudest ap p aratu s v c rc since t o determ ine the conecirdrcvice o f n ir-su rp e.r ded d : to which the vciv.vion. were exp osed , Suren snr.ol-i3 c f c iu r cprari.;. 'u: s u f f i c i e n t fo r t r E .ly s is were c o lle c t e d ' or. paper f i l t e r s v i t a a v ie w ;, c le a n e r device so t h a t tho m o u n t c f hncardcur fr e e c i l i : : . and c e o e o i: ccr.stitu-antr in the a ir -flo a te d m aterial c c u ic be e .tin a ia i'.. luc :'ii\ wore o f a Ej>c:.fc'.j.ly p repared paper which e f f e c t i v e l y r e ta in e d duct pa; c la c as m a l l as ,0 1 n ic r c n s in s ia e . One c f th=sa f i i t i r p u -:r im p ! vus taken on Ja n u a ry 50. w h ile the d u st su rvey was b e in g nude. cue u .. other s ix w e re *co lle cte d la t e r by John F.cades c f the Over s - I l l i u o i i Compnny. The raw m a t e r ia ls a ls o were e::anined end' t h e ir co r.p o E iticc i determined approxim ately. C om position o f Raw M a te r ia ls and F in ish e d P ro d u ct The com position and p a r t ic le sice o f the p r in c ip a l raw m a te ria le ___ which aro used in th a m anufacture o f tho- p r o d u c t-L a y la cu e in d ic a te d t t a b le 1 . Xn a d d itio n t c th e m a t e r ia ls l i s t e d , sm all amounts o f knolic 1 5 >C 1.D27 ****-inir.o* ' Hay 2 ^ l s l and consent t r e r e q u ir e d b u t th o se tiro item s are not r e la t e d to auy u r*- hazard. O f th e e i t. rav7 m i t e r i a le d e scrib e d in t a b ic 1, i l l e xcep t cuic'.: y - , - must be regarded qe p o t e n t i a l l y hazardous and cnpable o f ca u sin g .. Vpneunocor.iozir. In h a la tio n o f nnosite or ch ry so tile can produce a s b ^ tc ~ - and in h a io t io n o f s i l i c a flo u r or t r i p o l i cun cause s i l i c o s i s . - S ia tc n a c o -" e a r th on in h a la t io n i s cap ab le crep rod ucin g a d iffu s e f i b r o s i s -rhic";-. is u n lik e s i 1i no s i s or a s b e s t o s is out -which c a y be c u it e d is a b lin g . The fin d in g t h a t th e sample o f a n o fit e had a q u artz con tent of 21 oar cent i s quite su rp risin g . I t is thus apparent th a t exposure to th is ccn- m o rc ia l fo r e o f a n o s its ' may p re se n t a p o t e n t ia l hazard n ot only from asb esto s fib e r s but a ls o from f r e e - s i l i c s p a r t ic le s . The fin is h e d p r o d u c t, K a y lo , appear to c o n s is t p r in c ip a l l y c f c. ^ c r y s t a llin e fo ra o f calcium s ilic a t e which y ie ld s a c h a ra c te r is tic ::-rcy d iffr a c t io n p a tte r n . P etro grap h ic and chem ical exam ination re v e a le d , hen-over, t h a t o th er c o n s t itu e n t s ' are p re s e n t in the m a t e r ia l . - sampr: o f l i g h t grade E a y lo was shove by a n a ly s is t o ' have a q u a rtz ccntai/c aa about 5 per c e n t; f o r th e heavy grade the v alu e was about 5 per ceno. Both grades a lE o c o n ta in e d moderate amounts o f a s b e s t o s . In e e a = ? ls 01 th e l i g h t grade th e a s b e s to s -was in th e form o f c h r y s o t ile -which c o n o r is -- a p p ro x im a te ly 5 t o 20 por c e n t o f th e sam ple. For a sample o f th e heavy grade th e c h r y s o t ile c o n te n t -was e stim a te d t o be about 5 t o 10 per c S ~'' I s a d d it io n , ab o u t 5 to 5 .per. ce n t o f aroosite.. asbe sto s -sras aeon .- C arb o n ates made up ab o u t 1 p er ce n t o f each grade o f l a y l o . '5 0 - 2 5 0*cn s - i 11 in c i 2 ?, 19 51 Conccn t r a t i on and Composition of atmospheric Dust The concentration of the einospheric duot to %hich the workmen v?rcexposed at various points i s chovn by the dust counts in ta b le 2. I n f o : ratio n pertinent to the operations cr conditions at each sampling are included in the t a b i c , A sunnary of the dust counts in as i'clicr.u: tn urole 1 2 #o9 4 5 6 *t* P articles per c u . f i . of air Sr.eller than ICu Lerrer thrr 1C_- Router nhchine 4.4 million c.oc. - i l l i c n Center ai sle 3.4 0 .H Fetch T.'sigoing rocr. .4 Asbestos untagging rocr: 6.9 c.;v: 6.1 v- East finishing line 6. o c,a Pro-hardener 2.2 0.63 L'ixer balcony . 5.2 O o o Thu composition of the material suspended in the a ir a t sever, repre sentative locations i s revealed by the analyses in table S: iron the Ci\x; in ta b le 4 theweight o f dust in the atmosphere a t these sevsn eocene err * can be c a lc u la te d . Thus, the dust lead o f the general p la n t a ir (sample * Z k ) w e e 0 .2 gram in about 17,000 cu. f t . o f a ir or 0 .0 1 mg. per cu . f t . , while the dust load o f the a tc o E p h e r e a t the other lo c a tio n s ranges iron 0 .0 6 to 0 .4 mg. per c u . f t . The hazardous fr a c tio n of the dust consisted o f the free a i l i c a components (quartz and diatomaceous earth) and the aabestos components (araosite and c h r y s o tile ) . These hetardous c c n e titcientB gen erally made up a largo portion o f each dust ample, as the - Z 0 "U V following tc.ble revealc: Snml ia General ireighirg arc: r f. Acbesto:; tevd: Cl- 3 A General plant air CJL F i n i s h i n gw l i n e 5A Kouter ns chine GA Doxcnr end true!: 7A A s b e ftc a shredding roers Free s i l i c r cerrorcats per cent WWW 10*23 is-:: o--c i-3 0 n/ 22- 2 : AEtestor. c e r m or*" p~r or.:: O'* f0* co ;:2* 4: ..0 * %# - V '0 - 1 :. IV 2vV c o r r e l a t i n g0 the v alu e s for c onc orr r at i or nr c cc~T.:.rl-;isr. zC t l .: ' EtluOSjpheric duet a t each aanpling p c in t a f a i r i d c r 0: th:; p c t m t i r l dust hs.card ax those po ints can be obtained; Atnoopheric It:x t r-.t Ba-.clir.A * Sp.rple s Concentrsticr - Ceres si*;..:.. P a r t i c l e s per cu .fx. of air Free s i l i c a c c m or er. i s per cent ..rbez';e: c o;r or :-r 1: per crr.v. 1 and 5A Router xia.oh.ine 4.4 million 1-3 e-:r 2 * 5A Center a i d e 3.4 18-50 o i-i: 5 w 1A Batch Trclghing reran 6.4 40-55 5-5 4 " 7A Asbestos unbagging rocn 6.9 22-24 vC-50 " 5 " " 4A B a s t f i n i s h i n g l i n e 8.3 6 * SA Pre -ha r d ner 2.2 3-5 is-30 ' 1C-2'. 2: 7 * 2A A Kixer balcony; asbestos tank *<r Boxcar a d truck 5,2 ry r r -- 10-20 4-7 40:-55 27-3= a r v *-4 Ovcr.e- QJ Comcst Thn r o e u l t c o f th e dust survey, vrhich in clu d e d th e a n a l y s i s c; ra~ m t o r i a i r - sr.d ntrio s p h e r ic duct arid & l i m i t e d rubber o f dust c c ; . . : : nsko i t E p p a rtu l t h a t c o n s id e r a b le a t t e n t i o n hed beer pi Ten in t L ; r p l a n t t o the c o n t r o l c f v e t , ' Exluur t systems o f removing t h : cv r- \ i hosn i n s t a l l e d ana the an_ois;\ o f cu rt suspended ir. th e plane a - s e s f . ; : nee roTucled by the curvey to be trc r e l a t i v e l y I ot lovelE* f i n e ; . re" *** c ? e r ; i n m n y 702.*: o f the p l . m t hazardous f r e e s i l i c a end r-.ebvn;:-: sir*era?.s ccnoricss a Irurr ooriion c f the a ir -f le e t e d a r t e r i a l. i t i ; very ii">cr t than e f f e c t i v e c u r t c o n tr o l measurer be m i n t : cl1 t i n e s so t h a t th e d ie s lu s tie r : o f u n safe nr L" * W W W M _ stmocohere Trill be oroTcnted, A number-of s p e n d e r have cur rest id threshold or mxiuur: r.llcrs'eis v/ U n i t s fo r the c o r - c e n t r s t io n c f dusts i n i n d u s t r i a l i n > V - V , I r i s th e Dona--menu o f H e a l t h f o r the- S t a t e o f her J e r s e y i r f a m e d I* C ^ H5 :sc L a b o r a to r y t h r u the Denartnoat f o l l o w e d a Scud t a r " Csdc-r recommends c e r t a i n t h r e s h o l d l i m i t s fo r d u s t exposure, A samemmi E i a i i a r code* has r e c e n t l y been .developed by th e Ar.cricsn Conference c ; Governmental In d u s tria l H ygie n ists. Threshold values establish:::? b those codes arc as follow s: (The th r e s h o ld v a lu e s are given on the n e x t page) n r* 5 O.Tcn s - I I l i a : i r Lev 21-, 1M2 Acbectos Free- n i l i c c : Total curt r.icr c- thra: VC1.' jii fj m"?t 40/3 to 70,': 5' to 50"; 5m to 40:. 1 e s s> thr.r. 51- - LE-vimuD A llo m n b le C o n c e n tra tio n (P a rtic le s per c u .f t . of Jiczr Je r s e y coco An. Ccnf I r a . 5v~ 5 m illion 5 m illi uC -- ' 5 10 -- -- 20 20 _ 50 50 50 50 A r e v ic r ; oi' th e su rv ey dams c l s t l s s e : t h a t in c e r t a in srea.:. (su ch nr batch w eighing rccr.) fr e e s i l i e s comprised a la rg e p o rtio n o f the c u rl xrhich th e Tsorkero mere exp osed ; in oth er a re a s ( a s b e s t o s tarda end boncr_r', a s b e s to s "Et.s th e p r i n c i p a l component c f th e a ir -s u s p e n d e d m r .ts r ia :.; a_al i s m i l l other l o c e i i t i a c (ccrr.ter n is lo end aebastos unbagging rccz.) i..z~ stnuuiE.1 amounts o f both fr e e s i l i c a and a sb e sto s v ere p re se n t ir. tha atm ospheric d u s t. I t i s th u s apparent t h e t altho u gh xiic d u st covmcr cJ th e sever. im pin ger cam p les -mere e l l belovr 10 m illio n ^ and t h e r e fo r e r e in t i v e l y low^ th e r a th e r h ig h q u a rts or a s b e s to s co n te n t o f th e air-eurpenoa-:. a a t e r i a l tended to c r e a te in c e r t a in areae a co n d itio n w hich m ight be h a ta r d o u s , or a t l e a s t one "which approached the maximum a llo w a b le lim it st& b lish o d by co d e. S p e c ific examples would be the exposure to fre e ilica i n th e b a tc h w e ig h in g room end t o a s b e s to s in t h e a s b e s to s u n b a r in g rood. A ls o , the co n cen tratio n o f asbestos dust in sid e the boxcars probably exceed ed a a fe l i m i t s . A lth o u g h a d u s t c o u n t was n o t made d u rin g th e su rvey - 6- s oeziz CT-r. k!a fo r th a t campling p o in t, the w eight of dust co llected there with th? vacuuz c le a n e r d e vice and f i l t e r paper in d ic a te s t h a t the d u st concontraticr. r e s id e th e b o xcar t:e p o s s ib ly o f th e o rd er o f SO m illio n o r n c r e . Sir.ce about c iie -th ird o f the dust was ash orte c . i t s oer.s l i k e l y th at a p c t ;r / ;i:.l i " hatardcuc condition ex iste d . Sr pose t ie r s cn : hec-cmceuis t l cr c j ^ t _ s suggested th a t mininum e x -o u rt V e n tila tio n rc c e c which ~ . l i provide e ffe c tiv e duct c o lle c tio n for each branch of the u r- control *'**t_ d0t c r r .ir .e e . u n le s s th u s hi.r a lre a d y beer d cr.c, ar.i th a t ~:.\z suction of these branches bs checked p crio d ical-iy. t;.tic prescure r c s s u r e n m t s can be used to no.--.srre r.ir f l e x . Hue e x h a u st system fo r th e nebsobor. ur.bagging room should, be r e d esign ed so t h a t th e c u ctio r. hcodc v r ill be lo c a te d c io n : to uh? c e n t : v.here the dust i& produced to c o lle c t i t before i t ccr.tszir.u tec the g e n e r a l a i r . I t n ig h t be f e a s i b le t o dunp th e a sb e sto s b srs in t o 0 s r a l l hopper end ch u te r a th e r tiia r or. t o an open : I s t i e r .: . Thr he... ~-:r co u ld hare- a r o ta r y fe e d in g do vico f o r moving uho a sb e sto s cu -co t .:- % r i f f l e t a b le s . _ The t a b le s should be p a r t ly en closed by c la s s ic heed: end should be exhausted . Housekeeping in the tree should bs im orevid by p e r i o d i c a lly c le a n in g tb s roam o f th e accum ulated d u s t . S . Housekeeping pr& cticfcE could be improved in a cumber o f areas o f th e p l a n t . A t th e ro u te r maobine th e d u st should be removed from xns machine ca rria g e ^ r e g u la r ly o n d a s u f f i c i e n t number o f ccsatain ers p ro v id e d f o r th e p rop er d is p o s a l o f th e w aste m a t e r ia l . On th e m ixer b a lo a a y car sh o u ld be ta k e n t o av o id s p i l l i n g dry' d u st and th e a rse 5 0 r'*svJ^ ^ O? - 7 O K 'er. i:a y iU a r a a c ir 1 should be cleaned p e r i o d i c a l l y . 4. S p e cia l a tte n tio n should be given t c housekeeping In those c.real irhere s i l i c a f l o u r , t r i p o l i _ . niatoizareous earth and asbestos are handled. I t tt anted during the survey th a t bags o f those nE.teriale ".-ere starz:' in la r g e p i l e s throughout the p la n t area vhere cp&ce vras a v a i la b le . Sene c f the bags r c r e broker, arc covered v i t h dust. Dust a r i s i n g f r z z t h i e cource v:ould tend to cortnrainate the atmcohere o f the entire 0 11 r n f 5. I t in reecmanded t-int a suction hood bo i n s t a l l e d i r f r o m c f v i* operator v.ho manually turns over the h&ylo t i l e r ca the c : n v r ; : r bsla . fc. A l l employees uoriring aa po ints There dust i s created should c: educated in good dust suppression p r a c t i c e s . As an added safeguard, i t i s suggested t h a t those vrkc vrork : t dusty jobs be required to chizpa ths i r work c 1cubing fr e q u e n t ly . 7. Since i t appears t h a t no:; loading box cars are probably errpose l hazardous concentration c f air-suspended asbestos fib e rs, i t is trended t h a t the jusul veer U . S . Bureau c f Hines approved re sp ira to r s t h a t op eratio n . I t irould be p r e f e r a b l e , _o f course, t c reduce- the c u m concentration by exhaust v e n tila tio n , or sene other p ra ctica b le nethoc i f at a ll possible. 8 . IXist oount surveys ahould be made in the p la n t a t re gu la r monthly in te r v a ls u n til a loir le v e l of dustiness in each' potentially-haaardcus area i s e s t a b l i s h e d . The surveys otn then be done l e s s f r e q u e n t l y . _ _____ 8 5- I l l i n o i : Kay 29, 19:1 9* The maintenance o f the working environment in a condition which conforms to r e g u l a t i o n s promulgated by l o c a l health agencies or which i s in accord with accepted standards of food practice should not to considered es & ccnplcue protection f o r a sorter from acquiring c disease an the r e s u l t of h i s occupation. I t ir. siro nOclvv r : c : n : : r : t h a t at the Havlo plann r. msdical program be maintained which Mould require a pre-employment exiniinotion. including a roentgenogram of ** the c h e s t , o f a l l prosp ectivo employees end a routine chest r o e r t e : no-gram o f a l l re g u la r workers a t i n t e r v a l s o f once each year. Such c program should r e v e a l these i n d i v i d u a ls rho are u n f i t fer employment in a dusty t r a d e . Of neat importance, any case o' disease which r i g h t develop in the r e g u la r ly employed workers would be feure earl'/, before i t became a Bcrious health problem to the individual and a l i a b i l i t y to the management. n 0C235 9 Table 1 Ow ens-Ill irei r J/.cy 29. 1? i l AEALTSIS OF RAT; KA7ERIALS USED IK THE ILARTFACTURE OF KATLO E nterici A m o sitc C om p osition The b u lk o f tb s catEriG /. as f i b r o u s . Enny o f th e f i b e r s Tier separatee;, th ey did not possess the high degree o f f l c n i t i l i t y of c h ry o o tile . Grains of ch lor i t o or s e rp e n tin e ircre ad~ h e rin g `to scire o f th e f i b e r s The sample o f th e an.os it e brought back from th o -R aylo p] ur.t had o q u arts co n te n t o; 21 p er c o s t . Site of P articles h ost o f the fib o r s Tere severe!, hundred s ic r o n s to sev eral cu . io le n g th ; r e l a t i v e l y ferr v e rt sh orter than 50 s ic r o r n . Liery c ! th e re short f i b e r s vere- 1 m icron or le s s in dir-neter and. unlike chryscv-ilc-. vers ge-nsrall'y s t r a ig h t or only a lig h t 1; cu rv e d . About 5 per cen t e l them a te ria l (by T .cirn t) vo u ic peas tru our. a ICO nosh scre e n ; in t L . s s n a -le .u -, th a s-1 0 0 nesh fr r .c c ic r . about or.o--7.v.irc o f th e f i b e r s r.erc le n t e ;* the.:. 11 m icrons and f o r ' every f i b e r there nero about 6 p a rtic le s . C hrysstilc Liorc th an 90 p er c e n t fL b rcu s c iir y c o t ilo , Adher~ ing to seneyof the fib e rs Tore g ra in s of chromite ( ? ) , carbonates, a f&s grains of r/assive serp en tin e and q lrs.ee o f o li v i n e . About 0.;1 quartz a lso vas p resen t. The f ib e r s vere v e i l ssp crn t'-c. Zany Tore, sev eral hundred r ic r e r s long and core vare sev eral m . in lc n r e h . About 10 per ce n t o f the m a te r ia l (b y v c ig h t) t.-culc pe.es throu gh n ICO mesh scre e n ; in the sm all er-th n n -100 mesh fr a c t io n a t c u t cne-fourth o f the individunl lit e r s v o re lo n g e r than 20 n i crons anc ecu every f i b e r th e re v;oro about 12 puree c le s , In t h i s fr a c tio n unopenee bundles r a r e ebeut as numerous nr to n separated fib e rs,. Dictonacoouc earth P rin cip a lly natural dintomaoeous earth w ith a tra ce o f `q u a r t z . P ro b ab ly Bono cla y s were p re ce n t. Diatoms were th e freB h v&ter v a rie rv (T). . P ro b a b ly mere than SO t r S i pc. cen t o f th e p a r t i c l e s v/crc a:--ll:-u than 1 micron, Quick lime Eearly a l l liras, with 0.; 1}> qu arts and tra c e s o f carbon, a te s , fe ld s p a r and g la s s . K o stly sm aller than 2 microns arc r a r e ly la r g e r th an 1C m ic ro n s. Vnr.y clumps la r g e r than 30 m icrons re r c seen. 8 ilio t flou r ................... ................... Tripoli Alm ost e n tire ly pure, P ro b a b ly Bore than 95 per cent o f -fin e ly -g r o u n d -q u a r t r . .......... --.... - th e p a r t i c l e s were em ailer than 'S' m icrons. Almost e n tirely crypto crystallin. quartz. P rob ab ly n ore than 95 per cent o f th e p a r t ic le s were sm aller than 5 . ic r c n s ; on ly ra r e ly were any large-' th a n 40 m icron s se e n . 5 0"23S Table 2 i'ry 1-.. i n : CONCENTRATION OF ATliOSPEERlC DUST AT VARIOUS SAl!?LI2iG POINTS I E PL/lff A l l sej2p i.e s were ta k e n w it h t h e m id g e t i n p i n g e r . g5> eth y l a lc o h o l, The c o l l e c t i n g f l u i d wi<- E aarle R o u te r m a c h in e . T .k s r, a t 2 :4 5 ? . V . ; 10 m in . etu n p lin f t i n e . R ou ter machine c u tt in g E -.y lc b lo ck s in to p ipe in r-u lc tic n fe m e . rm>ie ro p re o erte d exposure o f two ecu. a t ro u te r c r ch in e o u t le t removing t loe i r .t u l a t i o n fo r r .e end a p p ly in g c l o t h c c a t i u g s , L l i g h t g lu e -- .s s s r iy c d or the f r rti? w ith com pressed s i r s p ra y guns t o m .k e t h s c l o t h c-.eherc t o the: X e-' I ; , The c u t t i n g p a r t s c f th e tlx n i n e wore c n c l c e e i by s h e s t m o ts ! h ou sin g:- whi-cu were c u h e u ste c by c c e n tr a l s u c tio n cyst-on. The exh au st p c ir .ts were cheeked sme.kt t e s t s e.r.6 w ere lc-und t o h ave s t r o n g s u c t i c r . T h is seme c c i t - a l exh au st system a ls o E trvcd t i e w ost fin is h in g li n e , w hich rx.s not in ooerncier" e t th e t is ;e . S in ce th e e rh v a st .,poin ts o f th e w est lin e were clo se d o f f by d ra p e rs , th e volume o f er u m s i a t th e ro u te r ita ch ire r .r . su b stan d i: Ij.y .is- creased,. The r o u t e r u n i t \re.e i c e r t e s i r t h e open p l a n t a r e a . L ic o e r a tc ly h x iv y a c s u s u la n ie n s o f E a y ic du st severed the u r c e r c c r r iir o o f the ru.chim;-. :k : c : c r a t e r s d is c a rd e d t r c h s i p ie c e s c f ja s u in t ic n by threveing then iu e e c.ec: c e r t a in :r e . S e v e ra l c c r t r in r r s were f i l l e d i s a sh ort t ir e end the e d: ccard s f e l l to the fle e t E o v .isb ccrirg in the me. h in t area m s rr.iy f i i . ; D ust cescr.ctrati.cn .: p a r tic j.e s ucr cu , f t . o f s ir p a r t i c l e s appeared t o bo cu or le s s in icn g n h . 0 .0 5 B i l l i o n la r g e r then. 10 u . ( I S to 2Cu in i s : r a h .} ' Sam ple -}k.i C e n te r a i r I s . T a k e r t t 5 :1 0 ? . ! ! . ; 10 s i n . ten s l i n g t i n u G e n e r a l m i: sam ple e io r g c e n t e r a is le . betw een d i r e c t - - ! i r e d d r ie r s and- in c u rs t o r u n i t s . The- u n i t s w ars o f a c o m p le te ly e n c lo s e d c o n s t r u c t i o n . Only a s li g h t volume o f steam r e t n o ted e sca p in g in t o th e g e n e ra l n ir . E cu so b es;in n m s good. Dust concentration: p a rtic le s per cu. f t .- c f a ir c.-i- n i l l i c a s m a lle r th an 10*s. ( L o s t o f th e par * w ere cy. c r l e s s i n l e n g t h .) 0 .1 6 m i l l i o n l a r g e r th ar. 1 0 y . (10 t o 20y in l e n g t h . ) Sample #3: Batch w eighing room. Taken a t 5:50 P .i f .; 8 B in . sampling time^ General a ir sample in batch weighing roam area. Kc r?eighimg m s being ccnc as time o f campli n g was clo se to the changing c f s h i f t s . Other normal a c ti* ,-' i t y was going on. Housekeeping in the area was in f a i r to good order and the general 'v e n tila tio n , co nd ition s were good. The .pumping p o in ts c f the must storage bins in to the weighing containers-were each provided with exhaust su i te a s , These exhaust p o in ts were checked by smoke t e s t s and the suction was - ... -found to be only f a i r ... During an in sp e ctio n made e a r lie r in the day v is ib le araunts o f dust were aeon to escape in to the general room a ir from the duarp'-i r g p o in ts during w e ighin g . IKiiri eancefitretioE.*. p a r t ic le s per c u . f t . o f a ir 6 .4 m illio n sm aller than 10ji, ( t o s t o f tm? p n r t ic - s i were 5{j or le e s in le n g t h .) 0 .2 6 R i l l i o c la r g e r than lQ u . ( Kear 10p i s le n g th .) (5 O u .v X Table 2 (Continued) O T T s n '-Illir .c i; L'e v 11. IP Cl Scnple r4: Asbcivos unbaRgiD* roor.. Takm a t 4:00 P.1-. ; 6 mix. sexpling t i x r . Exposure o f vorkman in tsb eE to s uabaggieg roox. A oompletB cycle of tcvI; was doue in clu d in g opening a 200 l b . bag o f a c o s itc lo n g -fib e r esb e ctcs. dumping i t cri e p la t f c r --. feed in g the r i f f l e tn b l3 cud feeding cebcctcs ix^c the hamner m i l l . The roci: vers com pletely-enclosed sxd fra s exhausted frer. tro p e in ts i t the c e i l i n g ,' The door --ar open to admit bags of csbercos arc in take a ir fo r v e n t i l a t i c n . A v is ib le cloud o f cure in the eir v. c. prc:cr.t during the xmba.ggixg o p era tio n . U odsrstaly heavy accum ulation: c f fib e r v:rr. preset-: or the rcachite su rfaces arid -xnlls throughout the ro o t. Our erg th: unbargeug operation the operator. r.iic vas statie n sd ir the strewn o f sir c c n ir g in to the ro a x , vora a f i l t e r - t y p e re sp ira to r c.pprcrsd by tn ; .3. Lure of l tes. Dust concentration; p a rticle s per cu v ft* of a ir *9 m illie r e r r lle r than IC ji. (host o f the p a rti* ... c lc c vrsro 5p. or l e z e in le n g th .) 0 .1 4 m illio n 1er ger tie r. IG;c. (hbrr 10.. ir. lc r * :r . SrrTr ) . > tt`5 ; Ecr.t f i n is h in g l i r e , Token c t 4:15 P,LT, $ 5 r .i r . scry -Exposure o f vrorkzuu: x/hiic tu rn in g Ksylo stru ctu ra l t i l e r by ku:.;! or z conveyer b o lt lo ca te d in the cu ter o f the fin is h in g l i n e . I l l a:*;;:.cer : t i l smoothing operations rrorr enclosed sed r.ure p r c r iic d rriuh er_aev.ro:., hi q u a n tifie s o f duct rrore ra ise d v.kcr the rr r. turned the t i l e c . The fcn ich in y lin e ttu5 lo ca ted in the open p la n t area, Housekeeping ur.s g o : i ( Dust co n cen tratio n : p a r t ic le s per- cu . f t . c f a ir E ,5 m illio n sm aller then lu*u. [ kret c f the pa:*;.> c le s v sre 5^ or le ss in le n g th .) 04o m illio n la r g e r than lC ;z. (H cstly 10 te 15_ i .le n g th ; one T7s 10 lo n g .) Sample =6: P r e -h c r c c r r r . Taken a t 4:45 ? .!: ; 10 min. B m plin g t in e . Pre-hardener and t i l e pouring machine, B u n it. General a ir ca_uplc c f the area in hiok three non operated the u n i t , L -ret slu rry o f Ucylo m.c pc-urc-i in to c o ld s end ohen passed through a steam chest in to the pre-hardcr o r h moderate amount o f steam vas in the atmosphere around the machine. Dust concentration; p a r tic le s per cu, f t , of a ir 2 , 2 m illio n sm aller than lOjjL, ( ilczt o f the p a r ti * c le g ware le s s than 5y. in le n g th .) . 0*45 m illio n la r g e r than lO jJL , (Up to 15a i r ier.rt Sample $7; Vixer balcony. Taken at 4:55 P,L',; 10 aim, sampling tine. General a ir sample in west end end center 9^ the m ixing baleen;;. Ttto n 1 / .were doing th o ir normal work. One man added lim e, s i l i c a and cement to isixer u n it from several portable co n ta in e rs. A ll the mixer units vers co v e re d ,: . Accum ulations o f..d u st from s p illa g e w ere-present on a l l the mixer u n its m d on p a rts o f th e flo o r a re a . Dust concentration: p a r tic le s per cu, f t , of air 5 .2 m illio n sm aller than 10u . (fcoet o f the p a r t ic le s were le s s than 5;i in le n g th .) 0,00 m illio n la r g e r than 10^v .5 05233 Tabic 3 AHALYSIS OF SAMPLES CT ATMOSPHERIC DUST C/kce s- 1 11 ir. t i r 112V 2?. I f 51 la n p ie number U 2A 3A 4A 5A 61 7.'. Quarto per cent 5--10 per cent 3-10 p3r cent 3-- 5 per cenu 3-2 per cent 1-2 per ccrn LI per c t r i - Dintocu.ci ci's 2c =13 15--22 - 1 * 2 2 enrtr. iunasitc o*~v 00-30 20-00 5-10 5-..C 20--2'- O nryscc i_i o (i'.i 01'i t 0 - 2--3 5-1C 1-2 2- : -- 3 -i: r Tr.. i-2 *> ' z Varbcu: 1: s f i y i a (; 5c 10 30 --10 1-2 23-20 5---1C 10-20 15-22 52-35 5^2 10-20 ................- ' 2 22 -v ' IrOhthit Z - fe r ric oricc Op a or.: ito cr - - tr; r .,, - . - - r`... <12 - " - t- O r. o--c - Cr. ' - .. ' T i r y - l i k : casses l i k e t r .r r c curd in 'die fi n is h e d prcdv.c~- l a y l c . ".'.odes; 5an pl= I.-'... Sample c o n ta in e r c o :.s id e r o t i c 6 izzz~ :.ccz\\: c c r t l . n A . /os-rs eor.c ouncat-s o f em o site up. t o sz-zzya- z:... 3 d , ^Euch o f t h e e m c s i-e trzz betrreen 10 and 100 i n l c m c in le i:." :;. 4 A . Tho e n o s it e o ccu rre d c o s t l y a s 20 t o 300 m icron f i b e r : ; a i z b u n d le s o f a c c s i t e xrere n o t e d . Tho c h r y s o t ilo was presen': a p a r t i a lly opened bundles sev eral hundred microns I cu a . 5 A , The b u ll: o f Eemple ^5 v a s &n u n id e n t if i e d is c n r o p ic . m eterin'.. v i t h a lcrp in a e z o f r e f r a c t i o n . P o s s ib ly i t -arts ancrpnoue : ca or a le s s porous fo r e o f Kaylcy liuch o f i t occurred as ro se tto -lik e masses. 6A . The b u lk o f the fib ro u s m aterial appeared to co n sist o f f i l e ---- m ostly 20 to 100 microns long; Bcme trere several hundred mic long. 7 A . The a n o s it c o ccu rre d t s f l e x i b l e f i b e r s 20 t o 100 m icrons io a ls o as bundles several hundred microns to evem l m_. ierm . F ib e r s s h o r te r th a n 20 m icron s appeared l e s s f l e x i b l e than c t i l e . I t i s d o u b tfu l t h a t much or any c h r y s o t iie vm: p re se r t h i s aecnplc O<r Table 4 DATA FOP SAMPLES OF ATMOSPHERIC DUST v- :>l t . : l ` EV . a. - - . - ___ Snin tc mutt or Vi i ^ L t of dus' c c lle c D cLcrioticr. (>? czioz>~ c -iA A. 0 C o l l e c t e d in cc ne ra l Trei rhino c v r ; frc.n 10:00 4 :3 0 T . r . . ( C . 5 h r s . ) on J e n , s i . i t : : . . 2j. oi-** ' / jJ 2,9 o. 2 .4 9- C-i ,4 C o l l e c t e d a t asb e stc s tanl: fror. 10: 15 ( 0 , 2 5 h r s u) cn F e s , 1, 19 51. t c 4 * VV I C-cr-ercl p l a n t a i r s e r p i s c o l l e c t e d from C: 25 5:30 F,.!^ ( 7'.1 a r c . ) on F e b . 2, 1951, - . 1. \ S C o l l e c t e d a t f i n i s h ! *- c l i n e f r e n 10 :53 L.Y, X-. c - . i : - C6 hri^j cn Fee. 15 5^ Collected at router fron 9:03 ,,IT. **~ OT.. f w A .. O - ^ * t (5 hr; cn Tah. 6, 12 52. C o l l e c t e d i r bon car f r e n B: 50 VLI. t c 12:43 ? . *' cn F e b t 1Z3 1051 end vrhile loocene xrv.r.:':# u.?T.**. xrL ._ . ^. *' w* 5:00 F .l \ (2 h r s t ) on Feb. Ic T T c 'c l, ' *: f C o lle cte d in asbestos sLredldnp. rocn dree. 1: 4:00 (5 lire .} o a 'Ja n . 50, 1951. FOIE: The samples o f atmospheric dust fo r a n a ly s is v=re c o lle c te d on a paper f i l t e r v i t a a vncuun clean er. The volume o f a ir sampled vas about 2400 cu, f~c. Der hour. <rr a a o ^ o o 0 :^ iu