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CERAMIC ABSTRACTS 1963 Charles S. Pearce, Editor Mary J. Gibb, Associate Editor M. Geraldine Smith, Assistant Editor Gertrude M. Busick, Editorial Assistant Barbara L. White, Editorial Assistant Committee on Publications: W. J. Smothers, Chairman: Paul R. Jones, Edward E. Mueller, and Howard F. McMurdie Technical Adviser: R. S. Sheldon Compiled by The American Ceramic Society, Inc, 4055 North High Street Columbus 14, Ohio 2 Ceramic Abstracts January Process for applying tungsten carbide particles to a workpiece surface. Warren M. Shwayder. U. S. 3,049,435, Aug. 14, 1962.--The process comprises crushing tungsten carbide to 0.25 in. to 325 mesh, coating the particles with a thin film of Q metallic nickel, and then applying them to the ferrous metal surface with sufficient heat to fuse the nickel coating to the ferrous metal, thereby binding the particles to the surface and imparting to theta hard wearing and cutting properties. D.J.B. -- Sectional coated abrasive belt and process of making it. Edward W. Bratton (Carborundum Co.). U. S. 3,053,020, residual stretch in the directions of its cross and warp threads Segment for rotary abrasive devices. Aleck Block, jj o 3,053,021, Sept. 11, 1962.--An abrasive pack comprises abrasive leaves with at least one spacer of compressible material betw. them, the spacer being secured to the root portions and conj pressed at a distance from the root end of the pack to provide * thinned waist and a thicker butt of elongated form extending fyii width of the pack for keying reception in an axially extending peripheral mounting socket of a rotary holder. D.J B * Sept. 11, 1962.--The product comprises a layer of abrasive grain ^ bonded to a cloth backing, the hacking being prestretched both in the cross direction and in the warp direction and having equal See also Sect V: (patent) Dressing device for grinding spectate glasses. II--Art, Design, and Archeology Chemical basis of ancient Greek vase painting. U. Hofmann. Facets of design from the view of the designer. Sid Bersudsk* Angeu. Chtm. Intern. Ed-. Engl., 1 (7) 341-50 (1962).--H. covers c Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 41 [12)819(1962). y` historical and economic data on the Greek nation as well as Mystery and charm of Parian. Anon. Pottery Gat., scientific and artistic information. Vases were a major Athenian (1018) 528-31 (1962).--Historical. An attempt is made to export countering the unfavorable balance of trade for grain work out the type of body and firing conditions required to imports. The exact method of production is discussed in detail. __ produce Parian ware and to re-assess its merits and charm The red pigment was Fe*Oj, and the-black FejO*. The potter's day itself generally afforded the red color on firing. Blacks and 7 photos. C.E.L.F. Strontium crackle glaze. Yu. G. Shteinberg and E. r the less usual "intentional" or painted-on red were applied as Gaukhman. Steklo i Keram., 19 [5) 24-26 (1962).--The ware finely elutriated clay. A first firing under oxidizing conditions d is covered with one glaze only (earthenware type) without gave a completely red vessel; rosiny wood was then added to a bisque firing. The frit contains 27.1 quartz, 37.1 feldspar give a brief reducing firing, during which the entire body became 20.8 SrCOj, 7.7 MgCOj, and 7.3% NajCOj and is melted at black. Vents were then reopened, and the porous body of the 1300C. The glaze contains 94% frit and 5% kaolin. Glare vase reoxidized and became red, while the less porous "painted" -- density should be 1.34 to 1.36 for dipping. The glost ware areas stayed black. "Intentional reds" were porous and became removed from the kiln is shock treated by immersion in a tank red at this stage. Related techniques in Roman times are also containing a solution of colorant, such as cobalt or iron salt in described. 15 figs. (4 in color), 3 tables, 11 refs. M.J.A. 50% concentration, after being heated at 220 for 30 min. This Design and the production man. Richard M. Bauer. Am. e covers the glaze with a fine network of cracks into which the Ceram. Soc. Bull.,41 (llj 774-75(1962). 1 fig. solution of colorant penetrates. 3 figs., 1 ref. K.S. Ill--Cements, Limes, end Plasters Behavior of hydrated cement minerals toward aggressive waters with reference to concrete corrosion. A. Kjennerue. Nord. Belong, 6 (3) 223-34 (1962).--K. studied the effect of j synthetic COs-containing aqueous solutions on hydrated cement minerals prepared from pure clinker minerals. After 30 days the minerals formed were studied with X rays and microscope. The aluminates were more resistant than the silicates at moderate -- COi concentration and low sulfate concentration. 4 figs., 2 tables, 5 refs. S.A.L. Composition and structure of the hydration products of calcium silicates of cements. Michel Venuat. Rev. Mater. Construct, g Trav. Publ., 1961, No. 555, pp. 481-90.--A review of the mineral constituents of clinker, The composition and structure of calcium silicates resulting from hydration are discussed. 5 tables, 3 figs., 38 refs. P.L.M. -- Concrete containing fiy ash as a replacement for portland blast furnace slag cement. W. E. Grieb and D. O. Woolf. Am. Soc. Testing Materials Proc., 61, 1143-54 (1961).--Tests show that fly ash can be used satisfactorily as a replacement for port- h land cement or portland blast-furnace slag cement, but the propetries of the concrete are affected by the carbon content of the fly ash. It is indicated that the amount of fly ash used should be correlated with the amount of lime released by the -- cement. The adjusted mix, containing a low-carbon fly ash, will give strengths at 28 days equal to those of similar concrete without fly ash. 5 tables, 3 figs., 8 refs. Dust control in the cement industry. N. Pilpel. Brit. ' Chem. Eng., 7 (4J 258-63 (1962).--Portland cement manu facturing is described with emphasis on the reduction of dust emission at the various stages. Bag filtration, electrostatic precipitation, and cyclone collection equipment are discussed. -- Brief mention is made of other methods of reducing or controlling dust. 7 figs., 2 tables, 13 refs. W.W.P. Effects of crystal state on the dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate. Michio Sekiya and Yasuo Sugiyama. Sekko To 1 Seikai, 1961, No. 60, pp. 223-34.--Samples of CaS<V2HiO were prepared by .using various manufacturing methods of representative by-product gypsum in Japan. Microscopic study, DTA, and TGA were made. In the dehydration of CaS(V2HiO to CaSO through CaSO */jHjO, the higher the apparent crystallinity of the dihydrate, the higher is the dehydration tem perature and the slower is the rate of dehydration. 9 figs., i table. 13 refs. y.S. Influence of surface-active agent on hardness of concrete M. Yu. Leshchinskii. Dakl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 121 (51 889-91 (195S).--The coefficient of variability of a concrete surface wetted with a surface-active agent increases, and the hardness decreases. 2 tables, 11 refs. B.2.K. Investigation of properties of calcium hydrosilicates. T. M. Berkovich, D. M. Kheiker, O. I. Gracheva, L. S. Zevin, and X.I. Kupreeva. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 120 (4) 853-56 (1958).-- The hydrosilicates CtSH(A), CjSH(C), CSH(B), C<SiHt> and CSH(A) were prepared. Roentgenograms were obtained as were curves of differential thermal analysis and weight loss on heating with a temperature rise of 20V*nin. The compressive strength of CtSKi was 1.5 times as great as that of CSH(B); bending strength was the same. The compressive strength of C.SsHi was approx 20 times as great as that of CjSH(A), but the bending strength was only 30% more. 4 figs., 11 refs. B.2X Mew approach to portland cement kiln refractory problems. H. Parnhara. Brit. Clayworker,, 72 |841) 159-64 (1962).- The relative merits of high alumina, dolomite, and magnesia* based bricks in cement kilns are considered. Heat loss is 28ft* less for dolomite than for magnesia brick. Methods for insullifif dolomite brick kiln linings are described in detail, and heating-op procedure is recommended. 7 figs., 2 tables. C.E-L.F. Physicochemical interaction of the medium with bald" cement block, structural mortars, and concretes. Z. N. Tsilo sani. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 122 (4) 674-77 (1953).-?* liquid, while saturating the cement block, can at the same P* (1) reduce the strength as a result of the effect of the adsorpw layers and (2) increase resistance to destruction as a result of* development of closely compressive forces from capillary pn&jf*' 1 table, 1 fig., 6 refs. B-ZX Plasticity figure of slaked lime for use as plaster. Tss Miyakawa, Yoshihisa Sekko To Sekkai, 1962, Takakusa. No. 60, pp. 2a3n5d-39M.--anTjhireoeffeNcats^4o".III* Pu du: B* cor adv sole oft. earl; strt cemf Re Cans', of Iur measi Therz terize of syt These format gypsa: with a.' Stor. Mater. parativ setting tests ir months pounc Soc., and w means the hj in the: for alu cubic CjAK was t In t! C,Ai PPmen the i whii No. has T34 Ceramic Abstracts Feb niary 1903 impervious to water, a block of rigid moisture-absorbent material being below the top of the container, an annular shell supp^ bydrat< in the container, a porous pot having capillary- properties sup from the vessel and circumscribing the pot in radially spactcj* TflOtO a ported on the block,-an annular open-topped vessel received in lation thereto, and a collar supported from the upper end of 1?' g3.-In the container haring a moisture-permeable floor in intimate con tact with, and supported from, the block, the top of the vessel shell, the collar having a flaring flange at least the inner periph * of which is located above the upper end of the pot. > j and du band o soluble 111--Cements, Limes, and Plasters 700 to former Aggregates for masonry grout ASTM Sid.. 1961, Part IV, pp. 475-77, ASTM Designation C 404-61.--Adopted in 1961. 1 table, 1 ref. 50 cents. W.W.P. Air-entraining additions for use in the manufacture of air- entraining portland cement ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 38-44. ASTM Designation C 226-61 T.--Revised in 1961. 2 tables, 3 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Air-entraining portland cement ASTM Std.. 1961, Part IV, pp. 6-9. ASTM Designation C 175-61.--Revised in 1961. 2 tables, 2 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Applications of the vacuum X-ray spectrometer to cement plant operations. Kenneth E. Palmer. Pit Quarry, 55 [Ij 102-107, 179 (1962).--P. discusses the theory and instruments and de velops a sample operating technique for a combination of minerals selected as presenting special difficulties. Particle size distribu tion of the raw mix can be narrowed by a special grinding tech nique to produce accurate results and eliminate a mathematical correction for interelement effects. The possible analysis of a continuous slurry stream is also considered. 12 figs. D.J.B. Asbestos thermal insulating and finishing cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 784-85. ASTM Designation C 194-61 T. --Issued in 1961. 1 ref. 50 cents. W.W.P. Automatic vertical cement kiln--50 years later. Ralph Iron- man. Rock Prod., 65 (8) 80-83 (1962).--For low outputs where only solid fuel is available, the vertical type kiln is still used. The most modern equipment for this type of operation at a new plant in Peggau, Austria, with peak output of 200'tons/day, is described. 7 figs. D.J.B. Binding of lime in calcium hydrosilicates under normal condi tions. V. F. Abrosenkova, G. I. Logginov, and P. A. Rebinder. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 115 13] 509-11 (1957).--A study was . made of the kinetics of prolonged binding of Ca by sand with high specific surface (up to 2.9 ra*/f) from a saturated solution. The amount of bound Ca was determined from the difference between the activity of the starting solution of Ca(OH) and that of the same solution after reaction with the sand for a given time. The process consists of two stages: irreversible binding in the surface layer of sand grains during the first days and a further diffusion process which proceeds at constant rate. Data on X-ray struc tural analysis indicate that carbonation of Ca(OHh proceeds much more slowly than its silicification. 2 figs., 2 tables, 8 refs. B.2.K. Bond strength of mortar to masonry units. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 1071-80. ASTM Designation E 149-59 T.--Issued in 1959. 8 figs., 2 re/s. 50 cents. W.W.P. Chemical analysis of portland cement (standard methods). ASTM Std.. 1961, Part IV, pp. 70-121. ASTM Designation C 114-61.--Revised in 1961. 1 fig., 2 tables, 12 refs. 75 cents. W.W.P. Chemical analysis of portland cement (tentative methods). ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV. pp. 122-27. ASTM Designation C 114-61 T.--Revised in 1961. 1 fig., 7 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Chemically setting silicate-type chemical resistant mortars. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 421-22. ASTM Designation C 466-61 T.--Issued in 1961. 1 table, 2 refs. 5Q cents. W.W.P. Chemicals quell dust. Anon. Rock Prod., 65 (8) 92 + 2 pp. (1962),--National Gypsum Co. uses a surface-active agent blended with water by a proportioning system and sprayed at dust in locations from the quarry throughout the whole processing system. 4 figs. D.J.B. Compressive strength of molded concrete cylinders. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 721-23. ASTM Designation C 39-61.-- Revised in 1961. 1ref. 50 cents. W.W.P. Concrete aggregates. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 504- 509. ASTM Designation C 33-61 T.--Issued in 1961. 3 tables, 4 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Corrugated asbestos-cement sheets. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 4-8. ASTM Designation C 221-61.--Adopted in 1961. 5Q cents. W.W.P. Covering capacity and volume change upon drying of then*, insulating cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. ASTM Designation C 166-61.--Revised in 1961. 1 fig., i}' 50 cents. w.w.p*- Diatomaceous silica thermal insulating cement. ASTM S14 19611, Part V, pp. 795-97. ASTM Designation C' 197-gi ^ Ad..o..p..t.e..d....i.n...1..9..6..1........1...r.e...f......5..0cents. W..W....p. '" Don't throw away dust. George C. Lindsay. Rock pro$ 65 (7] 86-89,125 (1962).--L. describes the automatic closed-loop dust-leaching system at the St. Louis plant of the Missouri Pon, land Cement Co. The dust return system reduces the alkali^ content of the kiln product from 0.7 to 0.3-0.5%, reduces the number of mud rings in the chain system of the kiln, eliminates buildup of alkali sulfates as scale on the precipitator electrodes, and simplifies the control of SOj with the gypsum addition, g figs. D--.-J.B. Drying shrinkage of concrete block. ASTM Std., lpg] V, pp. 129-33. ASTM Designation C 426-61 T.--ReviLd* b 1961. 1 fig., 2 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P Effect of cement kilo dust on soil and plants. F. Scheffer E Przemeck, and W. Wilms. Staub, 21 (6] 251-54 (1961); APCA Abstr, 7 [6] 2 (1961).--A two-year field experiment showed no damage to plants from the deposition of cement kiln dust in the case of four agricultural crops. The possibility exists, however of ao indirect influence on the plant yield and the substances con! tained in the plants from the soil, changes in the soil reaction, and nutrient. Under certain circumstances this may lead to impair ment of plant production. This can be counteracted by agricu!. tural countermeasures such as constant supervision of the -soil properties and soil examination. Effects of some .inorganic salts on the dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate. ` Michio Sekiya, Vasuo Sugiyama, and Shoicbi Okamoto. Sekko To Sekiai, 1962, Xo. 61, pp. 263-72.--To 10 g of natural gypsum found in Ras Mallap ( -- 200 mesh sieve). 10 ml of 0.01 to 1% solutions of 4 chlorides, 4 nitrates, 3 sulfates, 2 carbonates, and 2 fluorides was added, and the mixture was dried at 50C. DTA showed the following results: (1) The chlorides lower the 1st and 2nd dehydration temperatures but have no effect on the 3rd dehydration temperature; an exother mic peak at approx 230eC corresponding to the formation of o- CaSOvYiHjO is observed when CaClj (1%) or MgCl. (0.1 to 1%) was added. (2) The effect of the nitrates on the dehydra tion is less than that of the chlorides. (3) The other salts have no effect on the dehydration. 6 figs., 1 table, 12 refs. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1963, Jan., p. 2j. Y.S. Expanded or exfoliated vermiculite thermal insulating cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 792-94. ASTM Designation C 196-61.--Adopted in 1961. 1 ref. 50 cents. W.W.P. Factors affecting strength of field-fabricated concrete test beams. J. F. Crary and H. C. Fryer. Mater. Res. Std., 2 {5| 385-87 (1962).--The results of a statistical study of data from 444 beams made in the field having rive same proportions throughout indicate that about half of the variation in flexural strength should be attributed to the 13 variables considered; the other half is unexplained. 4 tables, 5 refs. M.P.H. False set of portland cement (mortar method). ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 139-41. ASTM Designation C 359-61 T.-- Revised in 1961. 1 fig., 2 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. _ Flat asbestos-cement sheets. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 1-3. ASTM Designation C 220-61.--Revised in 1961. 4 tables. 50 cents. W.W.P. Flexural strength of hydraulic cement mortars. ASTM Std.. 1961, Part IV, pp. 165-72. ASTM Designation C 348-61 T-~' Revised in 1961. 5 figs., 2 refs. 50 cents. W'.W.P. Flow table for use in tests of hydraulic cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 209-13. ASTM Designation C 230-61 T.-' Revised in 1961. 1 fig. SO cents. W.W.P. Hydraulic hydrated lime for structural purposes. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 225-30. ASTM Designation C 141-61*"' Revised in 1961. 1 table, 2 refs. 50 cents. W.W-P-_ Infrared absorption spectra of calcium sulfate dihydrate, h**" 2HjO w almost drated 1 Lifbr 1961, P Adoptee Lira* Mary3 process>. are give; 7 figsLone Walter 1 The Lon and one frith an some T> The raw- figs. Mason pock Pro of promc from tbt states, si potential 1 lime, a Medus pit Quar metallic port on ing and Co. at L comprehe ing, kilns 16 figs. Metast HiSO). (1961).-- mixed ac 2.0% SO recognize amount to the phosphat the result determine Meters 65 [7] 11 controlsand the zone and 5 photos. Mortaj Part IV in 1961 Mortal 484-87. 2 tables- Newaj H. Parnl /factories 3 (8] 2' Abstr., Oxy: 58. A! 50 cents Penn Pit Qua kiln op Ctinchfi is descr 60 Ceramic Abstracts Crystal growing process. Allan I. Ben.net (Westinghouse trometer with a getter-ion pump. Ernest W. Boyer (Contin** Electric Corp.). U.S. 3,056,915, Oct. 16. 1962. D.J.B. Oil Co.) U.S. 3,057,996, Oct. 9, 1962. D.J 13 Device for X-ray spectrochemical analysis by means of fluo rescent radiation. Sjoerd Wytzes (North American Philips Co. f Method for the growth of preferentially oriented single crt tals of metals. Theodore H. Orem (United States of Aa*?* Inc.). U.S. 3,060,314, Oct. 23,1962. D.J.B. a as represented by the Secretary of Commerce). U.S. 3 06o Electrochemical determination of fluorides. George H. Oct. 23. 1962. D.Jb > Farrah (Aluminum Co. of America). U.S. 3,058,901, Oct. 16, Process for separating rare earths and yttrium by ion ezclun 1962. * D.J.B. __ [resin]. Pawel Krutnholz and Kasimierz J. Bril. US?* Growing single crystals from a molten mass with a linear 054,655, Sept. 18, 1962. D.J.B '* isotherm. Juraj Eckstein and Zdenek Wacht!. Czech. 94,- Treatment of zeolitic molecular sieves to inhibit polymerize* 996, April 15,1960; Chem. Abrir.,SS [3] 2217g(1961). Method and apparatus for the continuous colorimetric deter b of olefins. N. V. de Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschan ^ Brit. 842,431, July 27,1960; Chem. Abstr.,SS [2] 1968t(l9$i)PiP`J' mination of the individual components of a [liquid] mixture. Wolfgang Grassmano and Kurt Hannig. U.S. 3,059,524, Oct. 23, 1962. D.J.B. Method and apparatus for operating an analytical mass spec- See also Sect. V: Elastic stresses produced by indentation of plane surface of a semi-infinite elastic solid by an elastic spherics punch. ^ XV--General Glass dust--a study of its biologic effects. P. Gross, Marian carbonate filler produced slightly more local reaction than tha L. Westrick, and J. M. McNerney. AMA. Arch. 2nd. Health, with a calcium sulfate filler. Flake glass had the least effect 21,10-23 (Jan. 1960); APCA Abstr.. 5 [10] 7 (I960).--A study _ None of the substances caused fibrosis except Fiberglas implanfj oq animals showed no effect of glass dust and glass flakes on the subcutaneously. conjunctiva. No toxic or traumatic effect was demonstrable on Plant organization for quality control. G. F. Fbzer j the gastrointestinal tract. There was no bronchial disease at Can. Ceram. Soc., 31, 104-105 (1962). J.J D tributable to the dust. Compared with kaolin, fine glass dust ^ Production of antibodies by quartz and beryllium ozidt was even more benign in pulmonary effects because the stored A. Collet, G. A. Voisin, and F. Touilet. Arch. Environ fitalth dust remained alveolar instead of occupying interstitial positions and therefore was more readily mobilized and cleared from the 2 [4] 409-17 (1961); APCA Abstr., 7 [1] 6 (1961).--Three groups of guinea pigs were used: a control group, a group given bjec- lung. _ tions of quartz + homologous cells + homologous serum, and a Histology of iron deposits in silicosis among porcelain workers. H. Otto and R. Maron. Arch. Gewcrbepalhol. Gevierbthyg., group given injections of beryllium oxide + homologous cells -f homologous serum, according to the usual method for 17 [2] 117-26 (1959); APCA Abstr., 5 [8] 9 (I960).--Earlier immunization. The results showed that no antibodies woe work indicated that normal lungs had an iron content, measured g formed against the substances tested. None of the treated as Fe.Oj, as high as 3.4 g with an average of 0.3 %. Similarly animals showed hypersensitivity to quartz, BeO, or homologous measured, the content of the lungs of persons who had worked in serum. A moderate hypersensitivity was produced ia the dusty industries ranged from 0.4 to 10.0 g. The authors made a animals of the two treated groups for homologous polynuclear histological and histochemical study of 40 cases of porcelain __ leukocytes. silicosis. The iron reaction was typical only of severe siderosis; in a low-grade silicosis with predominantly tubercular damage, Some oxidative :end hydroxylative actions of quartz--their possible relation to the development of silicosis. L. W. Marasas the iron reaction was correspondingly slight, indicating a pos and J. S. Harrington. Nature, 188, 1173-74 (Dec. 31, 1960); sibility of the use of this reaction in a differential diagnosis. i APCA Abstr., 7 [1] 7 (1961).--The existence of a special surface Hygiene characteristics of mica dust. I. K. Pushkina. activity possessed by siliceous dusts and silicates has been re Cigiena i South, 25 [8] 18-23 (1960); APCA Abstr., 6 [11J 2 (1961).--X-ray examinations of workers at industrial plants ported. A correlation appears to exist between the oxidative activity of the dusts and the known fibrogenetic potential of the using mica indicate the possible occurrence of chronic lung __ materials examined. A connection between particle sue and diseases of pneumoconiotic etiology. activity also seems apparent in coarse quartz and other quartz Impact of materials science and materials engineering on dusts of a smaller size. ceramic engineering. Joseph A. Pask. Am. Ceram. Soc. Buli-., Sudan's ceramic industries. A. Lee Bennett. Ceram, 42 [1)23-24 (1963). .g News, 11 [8] 14-15 (1962).--B. describes the manufacture of Methods of preparation of silica-containing dusts for use in brick and sewer pipe in open-air plants near Khartoum. biological research. E. Occella and G. Maddalon. Med. D.J.B. Lavoro, 52 [5] 382-90 (1961); APCA Abstr., 7 [12] 5 (1962).-- Types of asbestos, their study by optical methods, and their The mineralogy laboratory of the Clinica del Lavoro of Milan __ pathogenic action. K. G. Schmidt. Staub, 20 [6j 173-80 Univ. has prepared a series of samples of fine silica-containing or (I960); APCA Abstr., 7 [1] 4 (1961).--With the polarization inert dusts, classified and defined granulometrically, for the and phase contrast microscopes it is comparatively simple to study of the etiology of silicosis. The origin and synthesis of distinguish eleven types of asbestos. Chrysotile, amosite, and the prime materials (quartz, opal, diatomaceous earth, chal h crocidoUte asbestos are dangerous, and tremolite or anthophyl- cedony, tridymite, cristobalite, silica glass) are reviewed, to lite may cause illness. Too little is known about the other gether with grinding techniques and methods of classification types. All asbestos dusts should be treated as being injurious to used to obtain dusts mostly <3ft in diameter. the lungs. Pathogenicity of glass reinforced plastics--experimental inquiries by injection or external application techniques. G. W. H. Schepers. Arch. Environ. Health, 2 [6] 20-34 (1961); PATENT APCA Abstr., 7 [4] 7-8 (1961).--The tissue damaging effects of Light-scattering coatings for the inside of light bulbs. Pieter flake glass and of two varieties of Fiberglas plastic with a calcium i W. Haaijman, Gerardus H. Janssen, and Petrus C. van dtf carbonate filler were explored. Although all these substances Linden (N. V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken). Dutch 90,572, are comparatively inert, the Fiberglas plastic with a calcium April 15,1959; Chem. Abstr., 55 [5] 4914g (1961). XVI--Books Advances in X-Ray Analysis: Vol. 5, Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis, August 1961. Edited by William M. Mueller. 1962. Plenum Press, New York 11. xi -f- 564 pp., illus. 517.50.--This volume contains 48 of the 56 papers presented at the conference. A particular merit of this series of volumes is their rapid publication after the actual conferences. Many of the papers obviously deal with work in progress rather than with completed inves tigations, and in the discussions which are recorded, some autbo agree that their work is nowhere near completion. The discussions make very interesting reading, in some cases bringing out the inadequacies of the methods used and in other cases proridin* 19^3 3luable c seemed ".ray Pw he introc rogress : ,e slow de 3 v, 0f value to; The 46 i Two subjet number of. distribution high-tempe ods but ca: tribution c 0f chemical fcaoltnite at js not affec (pp. 274-75 jybdenite reviewer wa recent deve patterns; it has been ma of papers d considers th geneity in tr is the subj ficattons of small areas. While the la point-by-poi may providt not really e adequate $u Abstr., 1962, Aerodynar ference Spor Arthur D. Li Peter E. Gk N. J. xi + papers plus; conference, that the cot derived from materials ma type comma: e.g., the X-l.: are on some c vehicles. T1 with cooled preponderant high tempera actual aerod coated refrac book is oev< new to theae: In reading (pp. v-vii), Papers by Gt be read first After this pe; >o almost an> The chapter* *ee Ushe 90 Ceramic A bsiracts March I 1963 L. Shelton, Jr. (International Business Machines Corp.). U.S. 3,064,519, Nov. 20, 1962. D.J.B. Spectroscopic apparatus. Jason L. Saundersoo and Eliot Du Bois (Baird-Atomic, Inc.). U.S. 3,064,520, Nov. 20,1962. D.J.B. Stable aqueous suspensions based on iused alumina. Georg Buehler and Hans Feulner. Ger. (East) 17,722, Oct. 21. 1959; Chem. Abstr., 55 12) 2052c(1961). Temperature regulator for chromatographs. 'Walter Do and Don W. Carle (Beckman Instruments, Inc.). U S 3 ruf* 037, Nov. 6, 1962. U.J B ^ See also Sect. VIII: Quantitative studies of high-temp^, reactions of quartz-kaolinite-feldspar mixtures. Sect Tv5 Electrical conductivity and thermodynamic equilibrium nickel oxide. 1,1 I | I I I I con**: bined it is v 3U cla proxic tion-d; are pr and ^ catego XV- General give sc in this Austrian regulations governing the solubility of lead from Dust measurements in the ceramic industry. H. A Bias on-glaze decorated porcelain. H. Haeffaer. Ber. Deul. Keram. and D. Claus. Keram. Z., 14 [7J 394-99 (1962).--MeasuremwS Ges., 39 (91 460-61 (1962).--The regulation (January 1961) with the Konimeter (microscopic examination of a deposit on limits the amount of Pb extracted by 4% acetic acid solution -- slide), the thermal precipitator, and the microfilter are described* during 24 hr at room temperature to 2 mg/liter of contents. Typical data for various departments in a factory are given 7 Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1962, May, p. 120d. J.A.S. photos, 1 table, 17 refs. J.A^ Chemistry of the surface of silica and silicosis. U. Hofmann. Dust technology. W. Gruender. VD1 (Ver. Deut Ingrl? Ber. Deut. Keram. Ges., 39 (51 272-79 (1962).--A review. 8 C 103, 683-86 (May 1961); APCA Abstr., 7 (6) 11 (1961).-- figs., 3 tables, 35 refs. J.A_S. annual survey of the various aspects of dust technology is Chronic shortness of breath and its treatment by aerosol compacted by a bibliography of 55 references, all but a few item* therapy. WolfgangGraupner. Keram.Z., 14 (7) 392-93(1962). of which were published in 1959 and 1960. The information --A review with special reference to the inhalation apparatus -- reviewed includes dust counting techniques, dust hygW. made by Pari-Werk Paul Ritzau, Starberg am See, Bavaria, combustible industrial dusts, dust technology, dust eraissio^ Germany. 2 photos. J.A.S. and dust depositing. ' Clean air in ceramic factories. H. Schuetz. Keram. Z., 14 [7] Dust-feed mechanism suitable for fibrous dust. p. p. jjo]t 399-406 (1962).--A detailed description is given of the sources d and D. K. Young. Ann. Occupational Hyg. (London) 2 249- of dangerous dust and the design of the filter system including (Nov. 1960); APCA Abstr., 8 (3) 4 (1962).--Apparatus p" bench hoods, ductwork, fans, and filter apparatus. 18 figs. viously used for maintaining a dusty atmosphere for inhalation" J.A.S. experiments often failed when applied to fibrous dusts. Aa Comparative concentration of silica in parent material and -- apparatus is described which will automatically maintain a dust- in airborne particulate matter. M. Sheinbaura. Am. Ini. laden atmosphere for long periods at a reasonably steady level Kyi. Assoc. J., 22, 313-17 (Aug. 1961); APCA Abstr., 7 (6) A simple method of varying the dust level is provided, and there 5 (1961).---A progress report is presented on the relation between are adequate safeguards against failure. the silica concentration of airborne paniculate matter and the e Fine glass fiber paper for air sampling. D. C. Stevens and parent material from which it has been generated. Thirty R. F. Hounam. Ann. Occupational Hyg. (London), 3 58-63 airborne samples were collected by impingers or membrane filters, (Jan. 1961); APCA Abstr., 7 (7J 7 (1961).--The paper combines and parent materials were collected as grab or ledge samples. a low resistance to airflow with high collection efficiency for The Talvitie method for free silica determination was used for -- aerosols. The excellence of performance of fiber glass compared analysis of parent materials. Phase microscopy was used to with that of other filter papers previously used for air sampling analyze airborne particulate matter. Of the 30 sampling sites, for particulate contamination, at air velocities of 12.5 to 250 19 were located within 6 ft of operations producing dust and 11 cm/sec, is outlined in a table. The fine glass fibers, however, are were located at greater distances. Data indicate that the con / susceptible to deterioration when the dusts so collected are centration of free silica in the breathing zone of the operator is treated chemically, and an analysis of the paper indicated that about the same as that in the parent material in cases where certain chemical elements might interfere with a spectrograpbie correla proper tjon o! quanti- Hinckl quantii ions or In the sium-di and the der anc fireclay particuability < ing of ! length l detailed one of t thermoc emphasi pared w similar t the sorb "more li related through at the su uses of c he conde tributiOT phasixes geologic < There half the tioned p: operators were within 6 ft of the operation. analysis of dusts collected on it. It has the advantage of having Control of beryllium hazards. C. L. Lindeken and O. L. -- a surface texture which lends itself to direct microscopic ei- Meadors. Am. Ind. Hy%. Assoc. J., 21, 245-51 (June 1960); amiaatioa of the collected dust. APCA Abstr., 6 (4) 1 (1960).--With the exception of certain Significance of surface finish on friction, wear, and lubrie*. radioisotopes, the toxicity of beryllium probably exceeds that tion. A. Soantag. Ind. Diamond Rev., 20 (234) 86-90, 92-99 brevity, actual se their hig! Comp!< trip to 1 of any material previously used in industry. A continuing air 9 (I960).--A general review of surface finish is given with respect William I monitoring program is required to evaluate the performance of to its definition and measurement. Test data are presented for enclosures and to assure that hazardous concentrations of surface geometry related to boundary friction, wear, and lubri- beryllium are not released to the room atmosphere. Asa working rule, a beryllium concentration of about 0.2 pg/m* is considered as an alert, and immediate attempts are made to remedy the __ cation. Who 26 figs., 4 tables, 21 refs. selects materials. E. J. Tangerman. W.B.C. Prod. Eng., situation. The enclosures described have been applied to 33 (26) 58-61 (1962).--Engineering departments usually specify operations ranging from chemical processing of finely divided materials according to company standards, but there is increasing beryllium oxide powder to machining of elemental beryllium cast k emphasis on process economics, which involves the manufactur ther corr physical f "Evaluat in some G ley and T: guanidine and Gee Preparati. ings. ing departments. 8 figs. W.W.P. lithium n White. ' from Lat: XVI--Books Keller. 4 derived T Analyses of Ancient Glasses 1790-1957--A Comprehensive and periods and to any chronological differences in compositioo. Glenn, M Critical Survey. Earle R. Caley. 1962. Coming Museum of The last chapter deals with the physical and chemical alteration dynamics* Glass Monographs, Vol. I. Coming Glass Center, Coming, of glass long buried in the soil. This book is Volume I to * by Isaac New York. 115 pp., 133 tables. $7.50.--The Corning Museum planned series of publications by the Corning Museum of GU tropy of a of Glass and Professor Caley have done good service to those dealing with the history of glass in all of its aspects: scientific, on clays-- interested in glass by bringing together in a well-produced volume . economic, aesthetic, and literary. Later volumes can be awaited bavior of all the known analytical data for glass up to 1957. The analyzed * with interest. Marie Farnsworth "Distribut samples date from the earliest times through the 5th century Building Research. 1961. Department of Scientific and Saturn a.d. The analyses, made between 1790 and 1957, are reinter Industrial Research. 1962. v 4- 89 pp., illus. Price & G** of the syr. preted and evaluated in the light of modem knowledge. The __ Available from H. M. Stationery Office, London. Cf. Cv<** Pollack.' first two chapters gather together the existing data in chronologi Abstr., 1961, Nov., p. 275t. Low. "h cal order. The next three chapters deal with Egyptian. Near and Clays and Clay Minerals--Proceedings of the Eighth by Edwar< Far Eastern, and Roman glass. In these chapters special at Conference, Norman, Oklahoma, October, 1959. Edited W ^Sillic alte tention is given to any distinguishing characteristics of the chemi- y Ada Swineford and Paul C. Franks. 1960. Pergamon frtss. fy T. s. L* cal composition of glass fora particularciriUzation at certain Inc., New York 22. ix + 292 pp.. Ulus. $9.50.--This volun* fr determ 108 Ceramic Abstracts tension cell and a compression cell are described. 12 figs., 11 refs. H.T.H. Tensile strength* checked by hydrostatic tester. Anon. Prod. Eng., 34 (2) 84 (1963).--The tensile strength of brittle materials can be determined with a hydrostatic tester designed at Stanford Research Institute. 2 figs. W.W.P. Thermocouple performance in gas streams. J. C. Paul. Instr. Control Systems,K25 [12) 104-106 (1962).--Error sources in measuring the temperature of gas streams by five types of thermocouple are discussed, and correction data are given. 4 figs. W.W.P. Ultrafine dust--its effective removal by suspension filters. E. Giovannini. Wasscr Luft Betrxeb, 6, 305-309 (Sept., 1961); APCA Abstr., 8 [8J 1-2 (1963).--The technique of ultrafiltration has been developing rapidly in the field of chemical and physical research, but only recently has it bees approved in dust filtra tion. The filtering material can be cellulose, asbestos, glass wool, etc., but it always has a characteristic massing of many fibers unequally or randomly spaced. The process is especially effective in filtering submicroscopic particles. PATENTS Apparatus for testing heat responsive devices. Raymond D. Brunson (Howell Instruments, Inc.). IT. S. 3,067,604, Dec. 11, 1962. ' D.J.B. Catalyst coated thermocouple elements. Joseph H. Tracht (Gulf Research & Development Co.). U. S. 3,070,645, Dec. 25, 1962.--The thermocouple has a coating on its hot junction of catalytic material capable of promoting an exothermic reaction of fuel reactants contacted therewith, the leads of the thermo couple being noncatalytic with respect to the reaction. D.J.B. Device for the measurement of the density of pulverulent or liquid materials. Mario Ballestra. TJ. S. 3,067,622, Dec. U, 1962.--The device continuously and simultaneously determines the density and the humidity of a pulverulent material. D.J.B. Machine for testing hardness and wear characteristics of abrasive materials. Paul R. Gjertsen. U. S. 3,069,892, Dec. 25, 1962. D.J.B. Measuring and comparing device of the (optical) pyrometer type. Donald D. Vawter (North American Aviation, Inc.). U. S. 3,068,746, Dec. 18, 1962. D.J.B. Method of making a high temperature thermocouple. Sheming (George H. Roach). U. S, 3,069,752, Dec. 25, The method comprises fitting a pair of thermocouple tubular housing having an open upper end and a closed lower 014 filling the housing with an inert, high temperature resk^' powder, and compacting the powder with a tamping tool D.J g Pressure and temperature sensing device for high pret**. apparatus. Armando A. Giardini and John E. Tydings (bvT* States of America as represented by the Secretary of the An^ U. S. 3,067,465, Dec. 11, 1962. ,, jy-8- Temperature indicating device. Roland W. William T. Conry (Westmghouse Electric Corp.). 698, Dec. 18, 1962.--An apparatus for indicating the temperature of a plurality of temperatures to be sensed < highest a like plurality of saturable reactor circuits. j) r g5 Temperature reference block. Douglas P. Hines (Q*- ' Electric Co.). U. S. 3,069,909, Dec. 25, 1962.--Th^S comprises a body of metallic material with an anodic oxide ruT thermally coupling a current conducting element to the metair material. D.J.B Thermal emissmty device. Donald R. Kerstetter (Sylvan- Electric Products, Inc.). U. S. 3,069,893,- Dec. 25, 1962--tv* process comprises blackening both surfaces of a calibrating saamU equal in surface area to a preselected test sampte, heating tL calibrating sample to the temperature 7i and the atmosoherp adjacent it to 7* blackening one surface of the test saapi accordaoce with the equation e = (2(7V -- TV) -- (TV - TV))/(7\` _ TV). D.J.B. Thermocouple. Robert B. Clark (General Electric Co) U. S. 3,071,636, Jan. 1, 1963.--The thermocouple comprise 4 closed end tubular sheath, a pair of thermocouple leads, a cored insulating material in the housing separating the leads from the sheath, the thermocouple junction extending beyond the insulat ing material, and two diametrically opposed apertures m tht sheath shaped and positioned relative to the junction to introduce turbulence flow into the moving fluid flowing past the junction. D.J.B. Xli--Kilns, Furnaces, Fuels, and Combustion Industrial applications of beta-ray excited X rays; VIII, Determination of sulfur in heavy oil by tritium bremsstrahiung absorption method. Shigemasa Enomoto, Toraihiko Furuta, Chizuo Mori, and Yutaka Ishihara. Nagoya Kogyo Gijutsu Shikensho Hokoku, 10 (10) 636-41 (1961). 6 figs., 2 tables, 11 refs. IX, Rapid determination of the ash contest of coal with the absorption method using tritium bremsstrahiung. Shigemasa Enomoto, Chizuo Mori, and Toraihiko Furuta. Ibid., (11) 721- 27.--A tritium source containing 6 curies in the form of the gas absorbed on a thin layer of titanium vacuum evaporated upon a copper disk and a vessel with a beryllium bottom 0.5 mm thick were used. The effective energy of X rays passing through coal samples in the vessel was measured by means of an energy spectrometer with a proportional counter. The ash content was determined by measuring the intensity of X rays passing through samples with a Geiger-Muller counter. The results obtained were as follows: (l) The intensity or effective energy of the transmitted X rays corresponds to the thickness or de scription of the coal samples, and the calibration curve for the estimation of ash content was obtained for the respective de scription. (2) Using the mass absorption coefficients of the ash and combustion elements of samples of each description, the calibration curves obtained agreed well with those based on the theory of monochromatic X-ray absorption analysis. (3) The experimental error for the estimation of ash content with 5 min utes' counting was about 0.5 to 1.0% ash for samples of 16 to 23% ash. The calorific value of coal was also estimated with similar accuracy. 7 figs., 1 table, 11 refs. For part VII see Ceram. Abstr., 1962, Jan., p. 18/. K.F. Possibility of drying ceramic materials with electrical current. Karel Maurer. Sklar Keram., 10 (1) 10-13 (1960).--The possi bility of negative and dielectric drying of a ceramic body is dis cussed. Principles of the experimental procedures, the results, and their evaluation are described. 9 figs., 15 refs. A.D. PATENTS Electrical device for induction furnaces. John T. Vaughan (National Research Corp.). U.S. 3,055,959, Sept. 25, 1902.-- The device regulates the voltage and power factor of aa alter nator. D.J.B. Furnace roller. Glovd H. Young and Carrol Cone (Mid- land-Ross Corp.). U.S. 3,070,362, Dec. 25, 1962. D.J.B. Heat exchangers in furnaces for the sintering of magnesite, dolomite, or cement. Herbert Kitzrow (Rheiniscbe Kalkstrin- werke, G.m.b.H.). Ger. 1,071,571, Dec. 17,1959; Chem. Abstr., 55 (12) I1786<2 (1961). . Method and apparatus for generating electrical power from solar energy. Harry A. Toulmin, Jr. (Commonwealth Engineer ing Co. of Ohio). U. S. 3,070,643, Dec. 25, 1962.--The unit comprises thermoelectric elements arranged to form a hollo* body having an inner wall with a metallic mass in heat-conducting relation to it, a lens system to concentrate rays of the sufl onto the metallic mass to energize the thermoelectric elements by radia tion from the metallic mass, and means within the hollow body to reflect heat rays radiated from the metallic mass against the inner wall of the hollow body to further energize the thermoelec tric elements. D.J.B. Sampling device and method for analysis of (condense! furnace gases. Stanley Krinov (Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co-V U.S. 3,070,990, Jan. 1, 1963. D.J.B. Seal for rotating cylinders such as kilns, etc. Alexander J- Roubal (Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.). U.S. 3,068,015, Dec. U. 1962.--The seal comprises a cylinder with a flange, a jaw ranged radially outward from it, the jaw and cylinder haol adapted to grasp a cable arranged parallel to the flange, an ^ clamp for engaging both the jaw and the cylinder operatic move the jaw radially inward toward the cylinder. DJ- Chrom G*^*e- raloj 16 tables Clay * California tfines. s<diraet made UP and kaoji erals and refCs-olor tt jpaterials 40 [U 49 oils, Uthot and stam tfietic me based on mineral oi 1962, Apn piamon 1962 Supp 62 T.-Iss Environ: Nichotis. physical ai cate those characters sidering th the chief c cation--Ocation--O the Stabtiit Cs are lost, Degraded : to the bas terials, in c may libera dements, weathering, ment but r The thermc closed syst> The attack ses. The f carbonates ment and clay miners radii may l face potenti; on interlays sorption. J matter. Be sediments is B than fresl ter, includir carbon, alv refs. Etpaadab! carbonate rM. N. A. : 0961).--The bonate rocks considered i.* C0*-H*O, ar "ay be plott wd HjO are " excess. C "inerals, det Positions of \ topologic rec ordering, like vcrmiculite fc t0 vermicutit: Gibbsite v Jersey. WiT. (1961).--Ven 122 Ceramic Abstracts April 1963 rXV--General Acidity and alkalinity of industrial water. ASTM Sid., 1961, pp. 1370-74. ASTM Designation D 1254-60.--Adorn** I proper I gje not Part 10, pp. 1528-33. ASTM Designation D 1884-61 T.~- 1960. 50 cents. * I ard or Issued in 1961. 50eents. W.W.P. a fe Operating performance of cation-exchange materialmen*-' I referee Analysis of industrial water and industrial waste water. cycle. ASTM Sid., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1514-20. ASTM D ^ I recent ASTM Sid., 1961, IJart 10, pp. 1379-84. ASTM Designation nation D 1782-60 T.--Issued in 1960. 50 cents. W.typ1** each o D 1256-61.--Adopted in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. __ Particulate matter in the atmosphere. ASTM Std ial data a-1 Chloride in high-purity industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1627-34. ASTM Designation D 170^, crystal Part 10. pp. 1534-36. ASTM Designation D 1885-61 T.-- Issued in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Adopted in 1961. 50 cents. .< Ww?'"* Present tendencies in the ceramic industry: L A. ' jrraffl*1 synthc Collection and analysis of dustfalL ASTM Sid., 1961, Part ..id. Ceram., 1962, No. 542, pp. 239-44.--New markets in Aloo. 10, pp. 1585-88. ASTM Designation D 1739-60 T.--Issued fields as electronics, nuclear power, and astronautics Ve jf* furnish- in 1960. 50 cents. W.W.P. Consistent quality control as an effective means of reducing cussed. The trend of new products is away from the com i aluminosilicates toward simple single phase crystalline materi^ the are interpf- production costs in the ceramic industry. H. Klcpsch. Siltkal J., 1962, No. 5, pp. 176-77. N.W.S. of high purity. Manufacture is often based on modification * traditional methods. 6 figs. IL Ibid.. No. 543, pp. 28i-gg posed a ness of Continuous analysis and automatic recording of the sulfur Production has developed without sudden change. It has cristobc dioxide content of the atmosphere. ASTM Sid., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1635-49. ASTM Designation D 1355-60.--Adopted in marked particularly by an Increase in output and Research is being carried out in three main fields: improvQeuality. quoted proode' 1960. 50 cents. ' W.W.P. Development in building materials--prospect for the future. of production, methods of testing and control, and standard!*!* tion. By way of illustration, a comparison is made of the artici text, "* pure sp> F. M. Lea. Ckem. Ind. (London), 1962, No. 43, pp. 1840-46.-- published in J. Am. Ceram. Soc. in 1940 and in 1960. Ment' rock, A surrey covers research and development in the building indus is made of the competition from other materials, such as s'04 the aut try with particular reference to future trends in the use of ma resisting metals and plastics. Energetic publicity based on th experirn terials such as cement, fired clay, and plastics. 3 tables, 1 ref. excellent properties of ceramic materials is necessary to comha* numeric V.S.R. the ignorance of the general public, who seem to attach less aart availabl Dissolved and gaseous bydrogen in industrial water. ASTM less importance to ceramic products. 19 figs. jr M the boo Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1470-75. ASTM Designation D 1588- Silica in high-purity water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10 on easy to 60.--Adopted in 1960. 50 cents. W.W.P. 1501-1504. ASTM Designation D 1689-61 T.--Revised i questior Dissolved oxygen in industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961. 50 cents. W.WP* scientifi1 1961, Part 10, pp. 1476-83. ASTM Designation D 1589-60.-- Specific gravity of industrial water and industrial waste water contribe Adopted in 1960. 50 cents. W.W.P. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10. pp. 1452-55. ASTM Designation mg of th Fluoride ion in industrial water and industrial waste water. D 1429-60.--Adopted in 1960. 50 cents. W.W.P Abstr., 1 ASTM Sid., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1328-38. ASTM Designation Statistical quality control--some case histories in ceramics. Ferro' D 1179-61.--Revised in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Harry Kleinkauf. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 42 [3] 101-103 (1953) PergaiB' Hardness in industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10. pp. 1298-1302. ASTM Designation D 1126-60.--Revised in --The use of statistical procedures in controlling the moisture added to a dry body, in evaluating shrinkage variations and Fused edition, 1960. 50 cents. W.W.P. Iron in industrial water and industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1282-89. ASTM Designation D 1068- setting tolerances, and in finding the causes of variation is de scribed. 3 figs", 1 table. 3 refs. Sticking of dust to walls (during blowing). E. Muschelknaut: by Israi the Offi Washing 61 T.--Revised in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Mass concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere. and P. Fischer. Naturunssensckaften, 49 (2} 33 (1962).--The sticking of dust to plates was investigated experimentally at ganiies -. literatur ASTM Sid., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1619-26. ASTM Designation different speeds and with different nozzle diameters. The results of a tech D 1899-61 T.--Issued in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. are discussed briefly. 1 fig. G.B. The Eng Measurement of beta particle radioactivity of industrial water Suspended and dissolved solids in industrial water. ^STAf down th and industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. Sid., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1548-60. ASTM Designation D 1888- the book 1569-77. ASTM Designation D 1890-61 T.--Issued in 1961. 61 T.--Issued in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. family o: 50 cents. ,, W.W.P. Terms relating to industrial water and industrial waste water. and of g Measurement of gamma radioactivity of industrial water and ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp: 1316-22.. ASTM Designatloa 1iteratur< industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1505- D 1129-61.--Revised in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. disclose 1 1509. ASTM Designation D 1690-61.--Adopted in 1961. 50 Total chromium in industrial water and industrial waste water. articles < cents. , W.W.P. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1490-95. ASTM Designatiot details, Nickel in industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. D 1687-61.--Adopted in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. scientific 1537-42. ASTM Designation D 1886-61 T.--Issued in 1961. Turbidity of industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10. hand the 50 cents. W.W.P. pp. 1561-68. ASTM Designation D 1889-61 T.--Issued in ture and Nitrite ion in industrial water. ASTM Sid., 1961, Part 10, 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. is given t mullite t XVI--Books this field is made Consolidated Index of Selected Property Values--Physical Chemistry and Thermodynamics. Prepared by the Office of Critical Tables. 1962. Natl. Acad. Set.--Natl. Res. Council Publ., No. 976, xxiii + 275 pp. $6.--The Consolidated Index is a key to the contents of publications that present critically evaluated numerical property values. This initial volume con tains in codified form the contents of the following six compila tions of physicochemical and thermodynamic data: Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related- Compounds, American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44; Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds, Manufacturing Chemists Association Research Project; Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, Nall. Bur. Standards (U. S.) Circ., No. 500; Thermodynamic Properties of the Ele ments, D. R. Stull and G. C. Sinke; Contributions to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy, U. S. Bur. Mines Bull., Nos. 383, 384, 393, 406, 407.477, 542, 584; Selected Values for the Thermo dynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys, Minerals Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. Dana's System of Mineralogy: VoL m, Silica Miner'll Clifford Frondel. 1962. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 16. 334 pp., illus. 87.95.--The properties of silica (SiOj), one of the most abundant materials of the earth's crust and important component in many ceramic systems, have been the subject of a voluminous literature. The importance of silks as a material in widespread use and occurrence is ample ju*tfication for the compilation and critical review of published litera ture. Although intended as a professional reference work earth scientists, this volume will be of interest and use to sdeau*0 working in many fields, including ceramics. An introductory section describes the phase relations of silica, structurallyj*| lated materials, and poorly defined polymorphs. Ceramists find this section concise and comprehensive. Structural anaW* and structurally related materials are tabulated for each IDOrph. IrOffl The text presents the properties of the silica polymorpk*l. the viewpoint of the mineralogist. Physical, chemical, afld co tallographic properties of silica minerals are given in "e 1927 whi Sieraensit 5 to 7% 2 by the E as Magm The fir chiefly in one fount second ch the relati of the osi Chapter t glass atta- cnti:oIlec cn-osion sutfate-ev th< ^ssed. glass tloo of th 138 Ceramic Abstracts May with increase in the ppwer dissipated, and the power dissipation required to attain a given efficiency increases with decrease in Marcel X. R. Point (Soc. Anon, de Machines Electrostatiau U. S. 3,075,706, Jan. 29, 1963. D.JBJ* particle size of the dust or mist. The efficiency is nearly inde Hydraulic horizontal press with two series of multiple pendent of the size, design, and geometry of the scrubber and of Q for pressing with filter plates for very high production. Anton"' the method by which the power -is applied to the contacting process. 3 figs., 33 refs. HI, Electrostatic filter. Waldernar Vital! (Societs per Azioni Macchine per 1'Industria Dola Carle & Montanan). U. S. 3,073,238, Jan. 15,1963. D.J g1 Koglin. AM + R (hj Sprechsaal, 95 [21]), 2 (21] al99-2G7 Manufacture of articles from powdered materials. James'p (1962).--The design, performance, and application of the electro- __ Glenn (Westinghouse Electric Corp.). U. S. 3,075,244, Jatl ^ static filter are presented. Us main advantages are high sepa ration yields with the finest particles (dry or wet, hot (over 1963.--The method comprises pressing loose powdered mates,] to form a barrel-shaped compact, elastically deforming the 450C) or cold), continuous operation, few and slowly rotating pact along the longitudinal axis thereof by extrusion, and sint*/ parts, low pressure and temperature losses, low energy con- sumption, and easy maintenance. 10 figs., 12 refs. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1960, Nov., p. 2&ih. L.M. Earthenware centrifugal pump. Vaclav Aubrecht. Sklar Keram., 10 [5] 144 (1960). 1 fig., 1 ref. A.D. -- Preparation of clays for electron microscope examination. G. Serwatzlcy. Sprechsaal, 95 [21] 559-65 (1962).--S. studied the suitability of existing methods of preparing clay minerals for examination. Reproducible results are obtained only if great c ing to produce a cylindrical body. D.J g Method and apparatus for drilling minute holes in aJ-w ceramic wafers, etc. George F. Fisher (Midland Mfg. Co jB. > U. S. 3,074,392, Jan. 22, 1963. D.J.B ' Method for removing complex sodium aluminum silicate sctl* Grover L. Dobbins (Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Com i U. S. 3,074,823, Jan. 22, 1963.--A method for removing scale fro apparatus used in an alkaline process for alumina refining cqq prises dissolving the scale in a solution of 10 to 12.5% (vol) ^ care is taken to disintegrate the clay with a dispersion agent and an effective shaking process. NHOH and NaP0, were inferior furic acid, a small amount of a surface active agent, and the balance water. Djg to certain organic reagents; best results were obtained with tertiary-butylamine diluted with distilled water (1:700). Ultra- -- sonic vibration destroys illite and montmorillonite and should not be used. 15 figs., 4 refs. L.M. Radioactive isotopes in bin and level indication of granular materials and liquids. C. Mueller. A M -f R (in Sprechsaal. 95 d [3]), 2 [3] al7-19 (1962).--Measurement of bin loads by means of radiation indicators is discussed. 4 figs., 6 refs. L.M. Vacuum equipment and dust removal in the ceramic industry. Friedmund Rueb. Sprechsaal, 94 [23] 597-604 (1961).--Prob- -- lems are discussed, and the equipment required for individual or central dust removal and precipitation is described. The re cycling of the purified air is discussed in regard to silicosis pro tection. 19 figs. L.M. e Multiple unitizer. Richmond L. Davis, William C. William and James L. Hanner (United Carbon Co., Inc.). B. S. 3,073,431' Jan. 15,1963.--The turntable unitizing device provides for siami' taneously erecting on pallets units which comprise superimposed layers, each of which, in turn, comprises subunits. D.J.B Particle separation method. Norman G. Anderson (United States of America as represented by the U. S. Atomic Enerrv Commission). U. S. 3,075,694, Jan. 29, 1963.--A process (or fe. creasing the rate of sedimentation of particles of molecular size in a suspension comprises positioning insoluble powdered material in a centrifuge cell, introducing the suspension into the cell, centrifuging the cell to pack the powdered material, adding additional powdered material, and again centrifuging to cause the particles to impinge upon the surfaces of the powdered material and induce preferential flow of fluid richer in the particles in the PATENTS direction of the centrifugal force. D.J.B. Plural reaction chamber press for high pressures. Fracds Abrasive drilling apparatus. Allen E. Dilliard and Edward L. -- P. Bundy (General Electric Co.). U. S. 3,075,245, Jan. 29 Mifflin, Jr. (United States of America as represented by the 1963. D.J.B. ' Secretary of the Army). U. S. 3,075,318, Jan. 29. 1963.--An Process for wet grinding solids to extreme fineness. Ignatz l. abrasive gun comprises a telescoping divergent discharge nozzle Feld and Ballard H. Clemmons (United States of America as to be advanced within a hole being drilled in a workpiece. / represented by the Secretary of the Interior). U. S. 3,075,710, D.J.B. Acoustically vibrated material cutting and removing devices. Jan. 29, 1963.--A method for grinding solids to <37* comprises agitating at high speed a slurry comprised of the solids to be Claus Kleesattel, Lewis Balamuth, and Arthur Kuris (Cavitron ground, a liquid, and a defiocculating reagent, adding a granular Corp.). V. S. 3,076,904, Feb. 5,1963. D.J.B. -- medium harder than the solids and including particles having a Apparatus for handling particulate material. Louis M. Arcement (Flintkote Co.). U. S. 3,076,582, Feb. 5, 1963.--The diameter 705 to 75 times as large as that desired for the upper limiting size of the particles in the final product, and agitating the apparatus comprises a vertically elongated container with a slurry for a second and longer time. D.J.B. material inlet at the top and a discharge outlet in the center of ? Slurry diffusing machine. Ewald Kothe (Coors Porcelain the downwardly and inwardly inclined bottom and a flow control Co.). U. S. 3,073,531, Jan. 15, 1963.--The machine comprises member comprising a stationary elongated tube extending (1) a slurry diffusing member fixed on the lower end of a vertical throughout the container in axial alignment with the outlet and rotated shaft, (2) a rotatable housing surrounding and spaced having a diameter slightly greater than that of the outlet, the from the shaft, (3) an annular slurry passageway concentric with wall of the tube having an opening extending in a helical path the shaft and a water passageway between them for lubricating therearound from the top to the bottom. D.J.B. the shaft and cooling the slurry, (4) a slurry feed valve on the Crusher jaws [design). Harry P. Kautz (Mine and Smelter , lower end of the tubular housing and a plug between the shaft Supply Co.). U. S. 3,075,713, Jan. 29, 1963. D.J.B. A and the valve, (5) means for moving the valve and plug relative to Dust separator. Karl L. Westlin (American Air Filter Co., each other, (6) an inlet in the housing communicating with the Inc.). U. S. 3,071,916, Jan. 8, 1963. D.J.B. slurry passageway, and (7) means for uniformly dispersing the Gun for atomization and electrostatic spraying of materials. slurry through the valve to the diffusing member. D.J.B X!--instruments and Test Methods Detection' limits in radiation and optical pyrometry. D. R. Dovejoy. J. Opt. Soc. Am.. 52 (12] 1387-98 (1962).--Tempera ture discrimination with photoelectric detectors was analyzed. It should be possible to realize the International Practical Tem perature Scale with an accuracy of about 0.01 near 1063C and 0.1 near 1769C by using a special trialkali photosurface photo multiplier or a silicon photodiode at a 1.0m wavelength. 5 figs., 2 tables, 18 refs. J.J.D. Determination of the Blaine specific surface area of gypsum. L. Chassevent. ZemenUKalk-Gips, 15 (12] 509-12 (1962).-- Because of the porosity of calcined gypsum particles, measure ments of the Blaine surface area give varying results. This difficulty is eliminated by using the apparent density instead of the specific density (true density). Further investigation tf recommended to establish the use of this correction with other porous materials. 3 figs., 3 tables. S.A.D Determination of some impurities in titanium dioxide. Fraa* tisek Plesnivy. Sklar Keram.. 10 [3] 77-80 (1960).--Impurizie* and the determination of iron and alkalis as well as ignition loss* lead oxide, barium carbonate, and calcium carbonate in titanium dioxide are discussed. 8 figs. A.D. Direct reading beryllium spectrograph. W. A. Van Sandt, V. C. Santomassino, R. P. Rumble, and O. M. Barlow. Am. I Hyg. Assoc. J.. 23, 203-13 (May-June 1962); APCA Abstr., 8 (5) 6 (1962).---Operation of the spectrograph is automatic' aa the amount of beryllium on the filter paper is read directly from * ^ 1963 meterdesigne- sbuyitaabwlef 0.01 to Effec tedstan Bngrs.. (1963).mutatio ptlORh , niomete thermoc larged : resistant orderCi in temp* Gas n 11 (12) describe range 1 pressure Graph Chem. D seals, elfc are show pipett J. S. Cla --A port Prepai for chen 262-70. 6 tables. Salt s; pp. 134-- 6 refs. Statist (London variance. of partic! Study < SiO-, tots Wakamastudy wa methods, gravimet: determin: used to c Determin [8] 808-1 EDTA an with ED* sulfur in 1 procedure Test fo temperatu 1962 Supp --Revised Thermo at high te Miller. Platinum stabilities thermocov were studi Composite thermocou originating Rh-Ptthe argon tha instability and 50% In argon, increasing Use of exchangeal Photomete; Co- J. So such as N: 14S Ceramic Abstracts May SiC polytype, 111 R,. was discovered, and its structure is dis Growth of single crystals of corundum and gallium ojid cussed. 3 figs., 31 refs. G.B. Joseph P. Remeika (Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.) ft 5 X-ray study of autunite. Yukio Takano. Am. Mineralogist, 3,075,831, Jan. 29. 1963. D.j g ^ 46 (7-81 812-22 (1961). 3 figs., 4 tables, IS refs. X-ray spectral analysis. Joshua Ladell and Nathan SpieihL, a (North American Philips Co., Inc.). U. S. 3,072,789, Ja- } PATENTS 1963. D.J.B. ' Apparatus for presenting source particles to a mass spectrome ter. Donald C- Damoth and John M. Saari (Bendix Corp.). U. S. 3,076,893, Feb. 5, 1963. D.J.B. See also Sect IX: (patent) Muliite synthesis. XV--General Abbreviations in Russian abstract journals covering chemistry and related fields. Joseph J. Gwirtsman. J. Chem. Doc., 3 [11 44-59 (1963).--About 700 abbreviations are listed with the com plete Russian versions and the English equivalents. 5 refs. Etruscan heritage: Ceramics industry growth spurts. Anon. Italy Presents, 5 (June] 15-18 (1962).---A brief review. 11 figs. New ideas and remuneration for them. Anon. Sklar Keram., 10 (6) 176 (1960).--Profitable ideas for improving Czech manu facturing methods or environment, the amounts saved by them, and the remuneration paid are given. .2 tables. A.D. Principal methods used in dust concentration and the danger of dust in working places. Jose M. Caceres Hernandez. Bol. Soc. Espan. Ceram. (Madrid), 1 (6] 361-69 (1962).--Dust as an industrial hazard can be classified as (1) fibrosis producing dusts. (2) toxic and irritant dusts, (3) inert dusts, and (4) explosfv dusts. Details are given on the determination of the harmful^* -- of a dust. Silicosis and the Silikose-Forschungs Institut fommu are briefly discussed. 4 figs. V.R.p Produce larger profits by stretching working capital. LeR07\ Kohn. Brick Clay Record, 141 (2J 41, 49-51 (1962).--Acco^ c receivable financing is described. W.K.s Scientific research in the present and the future of the ceru^. industry. Antonio Garcia Verduch. Bol. Soc. Espan. Ceram (Madrid), 1 (61 377-88 (1962).--The need for research, tit* instrumentation used, and recent advances in ceramic technology and science are outlined. V.R.p Spanish building materials. Anon. Spanish-American Trade 1962, No. 90,17 + 9 pp.--A brief review. 22 photos. ' XVI- --Books Advanced Materials--Refractory Fibers, Fibrous Metals, The editing, printing, and physical makeup of the volumes meet and Composites. C. Z. Carroll-Porczynski. 1962. Chemical the highest standards. Publishing Co., Inc., New York 10. 286 pp., 124 Ulus. $11.75.-- The following papers are included in VoL I: "Some problems The title of this book suggests rather more than the author e associated with the growth of science," by Wallace R. Brode. delivers. The book might better be known by its subtitle, "Cement research--retrospect and prospect," by F. M. Lea. "Refractory Fibers, Fibrous Metals, and Composites." Within "Phase equilibria and constitution of Portland cement clinker," the specialized field of high-temperature structural and insulating by R. W. Nurse.--This general report is followed by extensive materials based on fibers, this book should be very useful to those __ discussions and rsupplemental reports. In the discussions, Roy concerned with engineering design and development. describes the effects of pressure (due to grinding) on the poly, The book is primarily a compilation of detailed information morphism of 2CaO-SiOt (abbr. CiS), and Kraemer and zur on the constitution, production, properties, and performance of Strassen report that 4% MgO increases the alite (3CaO-St0j a large number of proprietary fibers and composites. Long j containing lattice substituents) content by 14% in cement stretches of the text read as if lifted bodily from the manufac clinker and describe the effects of NajO, KjO, NajSO,. and KrSO, turers' technical brochures, but this does not detract from its on CsS; Katharine Mather directs attention to the 2.720 X-ray utility. The information is well organized; materials related diffraction line probably not being that of 3CaO-AltOj in clinkers. chemically or functionally are treated together under an ap __ "Crystal structures of clinker constituents," by Fred Ordway.-- propriate chapter heading. Particularly noteworthy is the Advanced fundamentals are discussed. "Effect of minor com plentiful supply of up-to-date references to materials literature ponents on the hydraulicity of the calcium silicates," by J. H. through 1961. Most chapters also have a long list of references Welch and W. Gutt.--The effects of F and P:Ot are shown; to publications in the general area treated by the chapter, g 0.5 to 2.0% F reduces the strength markedly. "X-ray dif recommended for further reading. There is also a special fraction examination of Portland cement clinker," by H. G. addendum listing and abstracting twenty recent unclassified Midgley, D. Rosaman, and K. E. Fletcher.--The authors U. S. Government research reports in the field of refractory describe the application of X-ray diffraction for analysis of materials. The book is plentifully illustrated with graphs, -- clinkers for phase contents and compare the measured and diagrams, and photographs of successful applications. computed amounts of phases. In the discussions, Kantro tt af. The author should be gently chided for a certain inconsistency call attention to systematic errors in Midgley's method resulting in his terminology. In the introductory paragraphs of the in overestimation of amounts of CA. "Influence of reducing chapter, "Fused Silica Fibers," he quite properly disapproves of A atmosphere on the constitution of clinker," by Y. Suzukawa and the use of the term "quartz" in connection with products made T. Sasaki.--The authors substituted Fe*+ for Ca!+ in C*S; by the fusion of quart2. yet somehow he falls into the same error quenched samples contained up to 2.8% FeO before dusting repeatedly in the remainder of the chapter! This is a useful occurred, but slowly cooled samples exhibited dusting with book, and it should help the practical designer to make an intel -- much lower contents of FeO. "Reactions of coal ash with port- ligent choice from the new high-temperature fibrous materials land cement clinker during the burning process," by T. Hd*- that are becoming available. F. M. Emsberger . mann.--Zoning within the- clinker and absorption into pores Chemistry of Cement: Vols. I, H--Proceedings of the Fourth the molten ash are clearly shown. "Solid solution of alumina International Symposium, Washington, October 1960. 1962. * and magnesia in tricalcium silicate," by F. W. Locher."l- Natl. Bur. Sid. (U.S.) Monograph, 1962, No. 43, Vol. I, pp. 1- reports 0.8% Al.Oj and 2.5% MgO as maximum amounts 573, $5.75; Vol. II, pp. 574-1123, $5.50. Supt. of Documents, stituting in alite; the amount of MgO is temperature dependent- U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.--The lapse of "Reaction velocity in portland cement clinker formation,' by nearly two years between the meeting and the publication of the -- Reoichi Kondo.--K. discusses the reaction velocity of cement proceedings reflects the monumental task required in editing and clinker formation of kiln feeds containing clay and blast-fumaet assembling the reports. These volumes should interest all slag. "Solid solutions of the minerals of portland cemo disciplines concerned with the chemistry of inorganic solids. . clinkers," by N. A. Toropov.--T. discusses solid solutions Important advances in the solid state chemistry of clinker and 1 clinker phases and constituents and of Cr*0, BaO, and St applications of new instrumentation in the study of the hydrated in CjS and C*S. "Decomposition of alite in technical porti^siO phases are recorded. The comprehensive reviews of all phases of cemeat clinker," by E. Woermann.--Alite in clinker? bun* cement chemistry and reports on special cements should prove in a reducing atmosphere underwent decomposition du_ indispensable references to cement scientists and technologists. exsolution of FeO at annealing temperatures as low as 1180 1962 -Beba hydr> In t: been ii ness o', that ' the str formed of aliti stituen stitutic "Hy room t> Hydra: jjicludt: anisms reactio: cement reviews product calcium and H: ad van t: 17, ranj and disc identific particul "Hyd Jones.-- metasta tween Z and ab* composi HjO an calcium Newmar by H. G of the r Taplin. system C CaO-Ab solutions Taylor, by A. A hvdratio: 120C," some con Hunt. " phases in and Rus; SiOj-yH} and K. G SiOi-H*0 of high p and magi tions," bt and G. F autoclave and scient are valua "Hydratic Kurczyk a "Early T. Greene, cements at Results ag reported. concluc bemihydra other cerr indicated t clinker phi oaa be at Portland ce verbk.-- hydration . Nation, ar Jesuits Of p. formation c 156 Ceramic A bstracis Jim. V--Glass Care, cleaning, and maintenance of glass molds. Padma Pani and K. D. Sharma. Central Class Ceram. Res. Inst. Bull. u (India), 9 (4] 148-54 (1962).--Methods used for the pretreatment and maintenance of glass molds are reviewed. 30 refs. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1962, Appil, p. 85*. R.L.T. Coloring of photosensitive glasses by X-radiation. V. A. _ Borgman and V. G. Chistoserdov. Opt. Spcctry. (USSR) (Eng lish Transl.), 13 (31 233-35 (1962).--Absorption bands created in photosensitive glasses at various temperatures by X-radiation and the changes oMhese bands under heat treatment were studied, fc The effect of temperature on the sensitivity to irradiation and the role of impurity color centers in the formation of a latent image were established. 3 figs., 4 refs. J.J.D. Comparison between theory and flight ablation data. Henry -- Hidalgo and Leo P. Kadanoff. AIAA (Am. Inst. Aeron. Astro nautics) J., 1963, No. 1, pp. 41--45.--The ablation of opaque quartz on an A1CBM nose cone recovered after a 5000 nautical mile flight agreed favorably with the predicted results. Varia- c tions between the theoretical and actual ablation were attributed mainly to the effect of impurities on the viscosity of the quartz. 7 figs., 3 tables, 24 refs. J.B.W. Cutting crystal glass with diamond. Norman Stuckey. Ind. -- Diamond Rev., 22 [261] 221-23 (1962). Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1962, Oct., p. 247d. W.B.C. Decolorizing of manganese glass. M. A, Bezborodov, E. E. Mazo, and M. T. Mel'nik. Zh. Prikl. Kkim., 35 (8j 1666-70 d (1962).--Boron-free, nonalkaline manganese glasses, prepared for the manufacture of glass yam or medical containers, were found to have a dark color, caused by the presence of Mn*0*. Attempts to decolorize the glass by adding reducing agents, such -- as carbon or coke, to the raw materials failed to give satisfactory results; the addition of 2%(wt) Sb-O* resulted in a slight increase in transparency, but the best results were obtained with either 2% metallic AI or 0.5 to 0.9% Fe-Oj, which yielded an almost color- e less glass. The transparency of the glasses containing Fe2Oj was somewhat lower than that of the glasses containing AI. The addition of Fe*0* increased the resistance of the glass to water and inorganic acids. 3 figs., 1 table, 9 refs. A.A. -- Determination of the quantitative relationship between the ordered and disordered phases in a glass with a composition of 33.3% Na0 and 66.6% SiO-. A. G. Vlasov and T. E. Chebo- tareva. Opt. Sptrtry. (USSR)(English Transl.), 13 (4) 351 / (1962).--From the infrared reflectivities of the subsurface parts of the initial glass and of the crystallized glass, it was calculated that the ordered portion of the glass is about 25%. 1 fig., 6 refs. J.J.D. -- Effect of glass fiber geometry on composite material strength. James E. Bell. (Am. Rocket Soc.) J., 31 [9] 1260-65 (1961).--An analysis of five different glass fiber geometries in an epoxy resin showed that filament-wound structures gave the g highest composite efficiency. Discontinuous, randomly oriented fibers gave the lowest efficiency. Ceramic fibers, whisker materi als, and metal filaments are brieflv discussed. 5 figs., 3 tables, 17 refs. ' J.B.W. -- Effects of fluxing ingredients on the properties of magnesium- calcium-aluminosilicate glasses. Sachchidananda Kumar and Benoy B. Nag. Trans. Indian Ceram. Soc., 21 (4j 107-14 (1962). --The effect of Li-O, Na*0, F, MnO, Fe-O*. BsO*, ZnO, BaO, and ^ TiO- on the melting, thermal expansion, direct current resistivity, and dielectric properties of two glass compositions in the systems CaO-MgO-Al-Oj-SiOt and MgO-AljOj-SiOt were studied. Ap- prox-3% F and approx 6% MnO improved meltability with- out affecting the thermal and electrical properties of the glasses. Even less than 1% alkali increased the dielectric loss at high temperatures. 5 figs., 4 tables, 18 refs. R.L.T. Engineering breakthrough by Kimble Glass in cathode ray 1 tubes. Anon. Ceram. News, 11 (10J 53 (1962).--The new Kimcode system tube uses two steel bands to eliminate an im plosion plate, which decreases the cost, weight, and size of the finished tube. 2 photos. D.J.B. Glass story. Anon. Ceram. News, 11 (11) 10-11 (1962).-- Operations in the manufacture of stained glass and handblown decorative glass at Blenko Glass Co., Milton, W. Va., are de scribed. A metal-mesh belt has been in continuous use on the lehr for 18 years. 3 photos. D.J.B. Glasses in the systems PbO-B20*-SO* and ZnO-BtO*-SOj. Pranab K. Gupta and Sachchidananda Kumar. Trans. Indian Ceram. Soc.. 21 (3) 91-94 (1962).--Clear and stable glasses were obtained with about 20%(mole) SOj in the systems. The sulf containing glasses show selective infrared transmission at 12m. Replacement of B-O* by SOj had no effect on direct ciur^1 resistivity, dielectric constant, or softening temperature^?* addition of SO* to lead glasses improved the chemical dur^Vt- but in ziac oxide containing glasses the effect was reverse figs., 2 tables, 3 refs. r ^ 4. ^ Grinding of glass [with diamond!. M. Narboni and w Hornstein. Ind. Diamond Rev., 22 (2631 281-83 (1962) advantages of diamond grinding in the glass industry and its adoption by Europeao manufacturers are described, ty g Investigation of the structure of glassy phosphates Raman spectra. Ya. S. Bobovich. Opt. Spectry. (English Transl.), 13 [4] 274 (1962).--The glasses studied * two-component phosphate glasses containing NatO, BeO CaO, SrO. BaO, ZnO, CdO, AltO*. Ga-O*. PbO, and BijO,' component glasses in the Na-O-TiOj-PjO* system, and' gu!* PjO* itself. The effect of the cations on the state of the bond*^ the phosphate skeleton of the glass was determined and jnt10 preted. The spectra of some glasses and crystals of the sa^[ composition were compared. 5 figs., 23 refs. J.J D Method of preparing glass samples for microhardness mea4 me"nQttss. M. B. Epel'baura and Yu. E. Gorbatyi. Zavodsk Lot" 28 (12) 1492-94 (1962).--It is proposed that the rnicrohardoI of glass be measured on the fracture surface of grains 2 to 3 tom diameter, shortly after breakage; a fiat surface must be select The use of small grains has the advantage that the stresses a* sociated with larger samples are practically eliminated and a tra microhardaess value is obtained. A measurement of the roicnv hardness of glasses containing 10% CaO, 65 to 78% SiOj, and the remainder Na*0 gave the following values (SiOs content in parentheses): 566 (65), 720 (68), 615 (70), 1010 (74), and 670 kg/mm1 (78% SiO*). Photomicrographs (in color) show the in dentation marks and the lack of stress lines in the glass grains. 3 figs., 2 tables, 6 refs. a.A. Northwestern Glass Co. produces glass containers for Ptcifie Northwest needs. Anon. Ceram. News, 11 (9j 14-16 (1962) -- Four melting furnaces at the Seattle, Wash., plant produce 225 tons of soda-lime glass per day for 750,000 jars and bottles. Operations and equipment are discussed briefly. 6 photos. d.j.b! Owens-Illinois Glass Co.--New Orleans plant. George L Vincent. Ceram. Ind., 80 (2) 53-57, 76 (1963).---The plant is described. 7 figs., 1 table. W.K.S. Radial distribution study of vitreous barium borosilicate. G. J. Piermarini and S. Block. J. Rts. Natl. Bur. Std.., 67A (1) 37-41 (1963).--An X-ray diffraction study of a barium borosilicate glass was made. The observed average barium separations are in partial agreement with those predicted by Levin and Block on the basis of a structural interpretation of immiscibiUty data. A pro posed coordination change by Levin and Block for the barium atoms in the system has been confirmed, but the details of the coordination change mechanism have not. A mechanism which permits the calculation of the composition of the modifier-rich liquids in the ternary system is presented. The calculated com position agrees well with the experimental value. 6 figs., 10 refs. M.J.K. Thermal expansion behavior of silica glass as a function of thermal history. R. Brueckner. Naturwissenschaften, 49 |7) 150-52 (1962).--The thermal expansion of various heat-treated silica glass samples was measured. The thermal expansion curve showed different effects depending on the height of the tempera ture of previous thermal treatment. The results axe discussed- 5 figs., 5 refs. G.B. Thirsty glass. T. H. Elmer and M. E. Nordberg. Meter. Design Eng., 56 (7) 118-19 (1962).--Physical and chemical prop erties are presented for this Na*0-B*0*-SiO glass that is adapted for desiccating purposes, such as electronic gelt* An intermediate form of 96% SiO* glass, it will adsorb up to 200 mg of moisture per gram of glass and can be reactivated in 1 hr- 5 figs., 1 table, 2 refs. D.J-B- PATENTS Acoustical paneL Lowell B. Johnston (Owens-Corning Fibtf* glas Corp.). U. S. 3,077,426, Feb. 12, 1963.--A compress resin bonded fibrous glass panel has a facing layer formed, closely grouped flattened clumps or balls of fibrous glass wit occasional surface cracks or openings between them. D.J-B- 1 pjhSHl.f I. Ds for ppaxat ippa 1 gla fon e lev iamb r th: the he g! Apparati Zellers. Jr Feb. 12, 1( Apparatt George E. Inc-). U- Apparatv and Adolf I Feb. 19, 1' glass at its as well as a Apparatn and Marc 3,078,691,1 fuge bavini orifices for sular refrat part of th located tine an open-sic beyond the within the heated to which migh ugal force. Bedding Sporer (Lil 26. 1963.-- the bedding pattern equ the source 1 top of the t coating is : Bent end Levand (Gt Conducts (Owens-lllu conducting Fe, Sn, or 18 B,0*. 0 t< an oxide of metal. Depositin E. Kay anc 2,967,112, J Electrical (Libbey-Ow 1959; Chert; Electrical James-G. M D- Ryan (L 4> 1958-; Ch (Libbey-Ow 1958; Chem Equipmec 168 Ceramic Abstracts Exact viscosity measurement of ceramic suspensions by means position. By using the rapidly changing ratio ar of capillary viscosimeters. Zdenek Pospistl. Siliiaiy, 2 (1] may be computed which relates theoretical structure fa . actr 40-49 (1958).--P. discusses the accuracy of capillary viscosim the structure factors calculated from a diffractogram. h* eter's, starting with the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, and points ou>- their fimdamental deficiency, i.e., the impossibility of viscos- a mining the theoretical value of Fas. the composition of th d4t?r' rite is determined. Sample thickness, detector error tim* itv measurement during constant shearing stress in the measured stant, and sample size must all be controlled for the' suctlf011* liquid. The validity of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for two application of this technique. In particular, the relation different types of viscbsimeters is verified. A suction viscosimeter sample size and divergence slit size has a most important developed in this study meets the requirements of the equation much better than the flow viscosimeters commonly used in ceramics. The probable causes of the deviations are discussed. on X-ray intensities. The method is accurate to within 1307 the composition of the chlorite octahedral sheets refs. 'C of tabl. 7 4 figs., 5 tables, 4 refs. Measuring moisture in solids. A.D. D. J. Fraade. Instr. Control b Single beam two-frequency pyrometer for measuring g, temperatures. E. N. Maleev and D. S. Ermakov. Opt c-r4* Systems, 36 [2J 99-101 (1963).--Various techniques, such as thermogravimetry, Karl Fischer titration, electrolysis, and the use of capacitance, conductivity, radioactive emission, and nuclear magnetic resonance, are discussed with respect to the determination of small amounts-of water in solid materials. 6 figs. W.W.P. (USSR) (English Trans!.), 13 [4] 339 (1962).--The light source modulated at one frequency is passed through the Ba*4 and the combination is modulated at a second frequency being detected, amplified, and displayed 00 a two-channe] ** cilloscope. By measuring two sets of intensities, one with ^ one without the flame in the path, it is possible to obtain^? Microspectrochemical analysis of minerals: U. Claude L. Waring. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [5-6] 741-43 (1962).--Modifica c emissivity of the flame and its "mean true" temperature 9 figs., 1 table, 4 refs. jjD 2 tions are made in the previously described microspectrochemical method for the analysis of minerals: By altering the type of Spindle stage--a modification utilizing a hypodermic syia^ M. J. Oppenheim. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [7-8] 903-906 (1962) t lower electrode to allow the arc to strike the sample more directly and consume less carbon, a significant reduction in the back ground is observed. The period of exposure of the red portion of A new spindle stage built around a hypodermic syringe is a~ scribed. Advantages of the simple design include rigidity coudW with smoothness of rotation. 3 figs., 2 refs. ^ the spectrum is also changed. The combined effect is to lower Temperature control spindle stage. D. Jerome Fisher j the limits of detection for 16 elements, 4 by a factor of 100.' The improvements also widen the application of the method to the analysis of other types of samples. 1 table, 1 ref. For part I see Ceram. Abstr., 1963, April, p. 107c. d Mineralogist, 47 [5-6] 649-64 (1962).--F. describes a 'simDu temperature control spindle stage together with the recom mended operation procedure. For accurate double variatio' work, a stereogram with extinction curves would normally New heating stage for the X-ray diffractometer. Brian J. required. It is recommended that, for the sake of simplicity Skinner, David B. Stewart, and Joseph C. Morgenstern. Am. easy visualization, the plane of the stereogram be normal to the Mineralogist, 47 [7-8] 962-67 (1962). 4 figs., 7 refs. New slow running personal dust sampler. R. Hunt and M. Ellison. Lab. Pract., 12 [2] 148-51 (1963).--The instrument, developed by the Asbestosis Research Council, takes in small quantities of air steadily over a working shift and leaves a deposit that can be examined and counted under a microscope. A 6-volt e spindle axis. This technique is illustrated by the study of 2 Black Hills morinite crystal, and new values for its indices of refraction are given. The double variation spindle technique is much simpler, quicker, and definitely more accurate than the Ustage double variation method of index determination. 7 figs. 2 tables, 15 refs. 1810-rpm governed motor drives a pump consisting of a rubber Tests for the. uniformity of 45 0 reflectometers. Richard S. tube fitted against a circular track against which it is p ogressively Hunter. J. Opt. Soe. Am., 53 (3] 390-93 (1963).--Tristimulus squeezed by rollers. Reduction gear drives the pump at approx 45 0 reflectometers, widely used for color-control measurements 15 rpm. The collecting area of the filter membrane is 1 cm1. of ceramic products, often give different results because of 6 figs., 2 refs. W.A. Preparation of small powder samples from thin and polished / spectral, geometric, or photometer-scale disparities. Seven test panels were designed to evaluate the most frequent sources of sections. K. L. Williams. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [7-8] 974-76 disparity! 9 figs., 1 table, 7 refs. J.J.D. (1962). Ifig. Vacuum techniques. S. L. Rutherford. Instr. Control System, Provisional method of eliminating the effects of film shrinkage 36 [2] 78-81 (1963).--Conventional vacuum systems are de and improper camera diameter in Debye patterns. Dorita A. scribed with recent developments. Getter-ion pumps can develop Norton and Jean M. Ohrt. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [5-6J 792-94 pressures below 10"16 mm Hg. 1 table, 9 figs. W.W.P. (1962). 1 table, 4 refs. X-ray spectrographic method for measuring base exchange Quantitative determination of kaoiinite by X-ray diffraction. H. W. van der Marel. Am. Mineralogist,. 47 [9-10] 1209-13 Q capacity. David N. Hinckley. Am. Mineralogist, 47 (7-3] 993-96(1962). 1 table, 1 fig., 4 refs. (1962).--A reply to G. W. Brindley and S. S. Kurtossy (Ceram. Abstr., 1963, April, p. 107d). 1 table, 11 refs. Reply. G. W. PATENTS Brindley and Sari S. Kurtossy. Ibid., pp. 1213-15. 2 refs. Apparatus and method for measurement of moisture content. Quartz Bourdon gage. J. B. Dararel. Instr. Control Systems, Charles W. E. Walker (Beloit Iron Works). U. S. 3,079,SSI, 36 [2] 87-89 (1963).--The ideal properties of fused quartz as a Feb. 26, 1963.--Apparatus for sensing a constituent of solid di spring material led to its use as a Bourdon tube. Its accuracy is electric material. Cf. "Instrument..this section. D.J.B. comparable to that of a precision mercury manometer or dead h High-pressure optical cell. Charles E. Weir, Alvin Van weight tester, and it is less trouble and faster to operate. 4 figs. Valkenburg, and Ellis R. Lippincott (United States of America W.W.P. represented by the Secretary of Commerce). U. S. 3,079,505, Rapid determination of permeability in porous rock. Jerry B. F. Charaplin. U. S. Bur. Mines Rept. Invest., 1962, No. 6098, Feb. 26, 1963.--A device for performing spectrum analysis of solid materials. D.J.B. 9 pp. Free.--C. describes a method and an apparatus that use High-temperature [graphite-Rh] thermocoople. Allen M. the principle of specific-volume perraeametry to determine Eshaya (United States of America as represented by the U. S. permeabilities of porous solids rapidly and accurately. 3 figs. Atomic Energy Commission). U. S. 3,077,505, Feb. 12,1963. 'm.j.k. x D.J.B. Rotational viscosimeter--concentric cylinder method. A. Instrument for the measurement of moisture, etc. Chari Macenauer. Silikaty, 2 (1] 69-78 (1958).--The Glass Research W. E. Walker (Beloit Iron Works). U. S. 3,079,552, Feb. * Institute constructed a rotational viscosimeter with a revolving 1963.--The method of sensing a constituent of granular mater inner cylinder which is rotated by a falling weight suspended comprises bringing the material into an annular space surroundifll from the rim of a wheel attached to the axle of the inner cylinder. a single conductor surface wave transmission path, transmittal 5 figs. A.D. microwave energy of frequency differentially sensitive to t*ieC0' Semiquantitative analysis of chlorites by X-ray diffraction. stituent along the transmission path as a surface wave, and <* Robert Schoen. Am. Mineralogist, 47 (11-12] 1384-92 (1962). J tecting the microwave energy transmitted along the path a* --The determination of the chemical composition of chlorites, indication of the presence of the constituent. D-J- using the ratio of structure factors for the 002 and 004 reflections, Optical pyrometers. Henri J. C. George (Quartz & ** is unreliable because of the small change in the ratio with cora- Soc. Anon.). U. S. 3,079,S07, Feb. 26. 1963. . DJ-* 1963 Cie* 40 (11port1 etc- 1 for ter hiShe* ioahi; due to ware is Com Ifears, * made i: turbine Rece Qjeirioc (1962).tr. E The op gave a operatu this sec' Redo L K.I The pn the requ at a i emission detail; down b\ back ale qiiate a depends setting t of forcec (1962).of each f lined. S installat: 6 figs-, 3 Action W. More tables, 3 1 Adsorp M. J. Fis 1140-A, ; adsorptio iilite, hall relation b cesium or Adsorp: K. P. Ka [1-2] 165- Alkali $ Morey. ^ Anthopf County, c 19-10] 10c Asbesto 16] 76 4- ; and the e opolis, Cal tbe longer "to 100-lt Beidellit Vst, 47 (1rcently fe specimens 0l<iues pro ^e Biack ^octahedr IX, Electronics--X, Production Equipment and Unit Operations 1963 221 jjjiag equimolar proportions of arsenic and Eu, Gd. Tb, Dy, 1963.--The device comprises <3 thermoelectric bodies in series Tm. or Yb to approx 350C to initiate as exothermic and in contact, the first, subjected to the highest temperature, dl)' cooling, recompacting, and firing in an inert atmosphere. comprising boron containing about 5%(at.) carbon dispersed in cD D.J.B. a it, the second being indium arsenic phosphide, and the third <i5tor compositions and spark plugs haring integral resistors. being bismuth telluride or lead telluride. D.J.B. Ij.fick E* Heischman (Ford Motor Co.). U. S. 3,088,921, Treatment of gallium arsenide. Calvin S. Fuller (Bell Tele f1^ 7 1963.--A resistor consists of borosiiicate glass, titanium phone Laboratories, Inc.). 0. S. 3,085,032, April 9, 1963.--The and the products of its reduction, and boron carbide and __ method of increasing the donor concentration of a surface portion ^ redacts of its oxidatior. and is produced by heating at 1600 of a gallium arsenide body comprises heating the body to about ^F. D.J.B. 820C for 24 hr while exposing the surface portion to an atmos rage target. Norman H. Lehrer and Raymond A. Solivan phere rich in silicon tetrachloride vapor. B.J.B. Aircra^ft nCo. .)\. r0r. cS. 38,0A8O9fi,a0c50a, KMaay.. "7r. i1r9ta6s3o.--_TIn aA b target for a storage tube, the improvement comprises a _____________ & 0f material which is nonreactive chemically with cubic See also Sect. IV: Inorganic binders for C cores, (patents) k ^ifide disposed between the sulfide and its support member. Method of making ceramic-to-metal composite stock. Method ** D.J.B. -- of making glass to metal seal. Sect. V: (patent) Process and i rhennoelectricity. Courtland M. Henderson and Darrel M. ^Jfris (Monsanto Chemical Co.). U. S. 3,087,002, April 23, apparatus for obtaining electrically conductive coatings on the surface of objects consisting of glass or ceramic materials. 1 X--Production Equipment and Unit Operations Applications of ultrasonic energy--ultrasonic casting of ce- -- PATENTS f _mjc and cermet slips. C. Dana McKinney, Jr., William B. Apparatus for handling and wetting dust. Earl W. Sieger - turley- and Frederick H. Gaskins. NYO 9586, 47 pp.; U. S. (United States Steel Corp.). 0. S. 3,086,537, April 23, 1963.-- i Res. Repts., 37 [11] S-16 (1962). 12 refs. The apparatus comprises an elongated vertical pipe, horizontal Application of ultrasonic vibration to cold pressing of ceramic d water inlets connected to the midportion around the circumfer -Bets. 'William B. Tarpley and Herbert Kartluke. NYO |S>S, 17 pp-; V. S. Govt. Res. Repts., 37 (10) S-30 (1962). ence, upwardly directed steam inlets connected above the water inlets, and a wafer-type slide valve in the upper portion for con 9 refs. trolling admission of dust to the pipe, the steam producing turbu Electrostatic separation of granular materials. F. Fraas. -- lence in the dust. D.J.B. ( 5. Bur. Mines Bull., 1963, No. 603, 155 pp. 75 cents.--F. Apparatus for the oxidation of metal powders. Joseph C. bribes the development of the electrostatic method of particle Long and Charles B. Milton (Union Carbide Corp.). TJ. S. ^-oration. Design of equipment; probability and selectivity; 3,085,865, April 16. 1963. D.J.B. {ecu of dielectric constant, humidity, temperature, and im- e Apparatus for supporting and cutting semiplastic bodies. pondes; and size limits, classification, and separation of fine joicders are covered. 76 figs. M.J.K. Joseph L. Mennitt (Owens-Illinois Glass Co.). 0. S. 3,088,186, May 7, 1963.--A gang of cutting wires isused to sever a molded fluidization of fine particles packed in layer condition: I, body into individual.slabs. D.J.B. Vasiaobu Yuasa. Japan. J. Appl. Phys., 1 (3) 181-86(1962).-- -- Breaker plate structure for impact crusher and retaining means la tie design of an orifice for fine particles or of a hopper, study therefor. Thomas E. Bridgewater. U. S. 3,088,685, May 7, .ftit fluidization of fine particles is important. The movement 1963. D.J.B. ^ fine particles in a vessel in flowing out from a slit was Compaction process. James P.Swed (E. I. du Pont de *- jjikzed in a two-dimensional case. In the most open-packed / Nemours and Co.). 0. S. 3,084,398, April 9, 1963.--A method ate. the fluidizing area determined by the boundary curves for simultaneously compacting powder into two separate slabs - d Suidization increases with increase in roughness of the comprises loading powder into two containers having at least one he particles and with decrease in the slit width. After the pair of parallel sides, positioning a layer of explosive on one side tidal acceleration, the vertical displacement of particles on the -- of each container, positioning the containers in parallel spaced strai line from initial position during fluidization is linear with alignment with the explosive layers on the parallel sides most dis fist The effect of the bottom width of the vessel on boundary tant from each other, filling the space between the containers eves of fluidization was studied under various degrees of pack with a shock absorbing material irreversibly compressible to a et- The drain angle increases with increase in grain size, ir- g size one-half to one-tenth its original volume and having a sonic .spective of the slit width. 15 figs., 5 refs. K.F. impedance > 50% of that of the powder, and initiating the ex Guide to insulation costs for vessels. T. N. Dinning. Chem. plosion. D.J.B. Gl. 70 (81 186, 188 (1963).--Tables of materials (including Conveyer. Charles W. Husum (Owens-Illinois Glass Co.). iti refractories and foamed plastics) make it possible to esti- -- U. S. 3,088,579, May 7, 1963.--The conveyer comprises a device - ate quickly the cost of insulating a process vessel. 3 tables. for conveying sheets having at least one coated surface through I W.A. a heated oven. D.J.B. Treatment of discontinuous operations in automation of proc- Device [vibratory screes] for separating fine from coarse ma . ws and mechanical manufacture. H. Weissmann. A M + R k terials. Albert Musschoot and Leonard B. Wilson (Chain Belt iSprttksaal, 95 [16)), 2 (18) al41-44 (1962).--Problems in the . utomation of chemical and ceramic processes and in the me. tiaical processing of the products are examined, and suitable Co.). 0. S. 3,087,618, April 30, 1963. D.J.B. Electrostatic spray heads. Howard V. Schweitzer and Rich ard J. Verba (Schweitzer Electrostatic Co.). U. S. 3,085,749, ` "^Poent is described. 10 figs., 14 refs. L.M. -- April 16, 1963.--The primary features included are designs for ) Ultrasonic extrusion--reduction in vehicle and plasticizer re- spray heads to increase atomization, reduce overspray, and mini I Piteaents for nonclay ceramics. William B. Tarpley, Kenneth mize downtime in cleaning or changing colors when applying J-)ocoin, and Richard Pheasant. NYO 10006, 66 pp.; U. S. enamels, lacquers, and ceramic coatings. D.J.B. 1 Res. Repts., 37 [10] S-30 (1962). 31 refs. * High pressure, high temperature apparatus. Robert H. | 7nnun-assisted slip casting. A. Adami and L. S. Williams, Wentorf, Jr. (General Electric Co.). U. S. 3,088,169, May 7, j Ceram. Soc. Bull., 42 [7J 391-93 (1963).--To overcome some 1963.--The apparatus comprises a pair of opposed anvil mem i * tie disadvantages and limitations of gypsum piaster as a mold __ bers axially movable toward each other and, positioned between : a generally applicable slip casting procedure was de- them, a lateral pressure resisting member having a central tapered ; l*Pedl based on the use of a perforated metal mold contained conical opening to contain a specimen material to be subjected to i *l vacuum vessel and lined with fine macerated paper pulp. high pressures and high temperatures, the two members laterally ^ experimental equipment and procedure described combine and axially compressing the specimen. D.J.B. a! advantages of versatility, flexible control of casting 7 Light reflecting films and process for their production. Charles j r5, easy extraction of the cast shortly after completion of M. Browne (Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co.). 0. S. 3,087,831, ^casting operation. The paper lining adhering to the cast April 30, 1963.--The process includes spraying, upon a heated i r*Iease from the mold facilitates the safe handling of fragile oxidation resistant surface, a liquid containing a metal compound j**' 3 figs., 8 refs. thermally decomposable tn -- .t. 250 Ceramic Abstracts September X--Production Equipment and Unit Operations Dish granulation in the chemical industry. J. D. Ccrney. it between the platens without confining the periphery 0f Brit. Chem. Eng., 8 (6} 405-407 (1963).--The design features of a elastomeric member. d.J g 5 dish-type granulators are described, along with the granulation Blow molding apparatus. John N. Scott, Jr., Doyle L. Ale^. process. Desirable characteristics of granules are listed plus der, and Don L. Peters (Phillips Petroleum Co.). U. S. 3,09i 8m* test methods for determining mechanical strength, thermal shock June 4, 1963. D.J.g ' resistance, porosity, size uniformity, and resistance to abrasion. -- Continuous dry blender. Louis A. Benton (Johns-Manvit. Cement manufacturing processes using wet slurry feed and granu Corp.). U. S. 3,090,602, May 21, 1963.--The blender comp^J lated spherical feed are contrasted. 6 figs., 1 ref. W.W.P. Particle size reduction 1961-62. J. NIjman. Brit. Chem. Eng. a mixing cylinder rotating about a horizontal axis, longitudinal flights on the inner wall for lifting and dispersing material anrf 8 [6] 408-11 (1963).--The literature of the last two years is surveyed with emphasis on machinery, influence of surface properties, and commercial practice including the cement and ceramic fields. 121 refs. W.W.P. What's your recipe for screen doth? Albert E. Reed. Rock Prod., 66 (4) 92 + 2 pp. (1963).--R. describes the procedure for 6 spaced disks along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, success!? disks being out of parallel to give the materia! a back-and-forts motion. D.J g Flow apparatus tor separating granular particles. Fritz Kaise -- (Alpine Akt.-Ges. Maschiuenfabrik und Eisengiesserei) g 5 3,089,595, May 14. 1963. >.ji * specifying screen for particular requirements and the available types. 3 figs., 1 table. D.J.B. Gravity actuated apparatus for weighing granular material, etc. Hansel S. Sanderson (C. E. Anthony). U. S. 3,093.2jv? c June 11, 1963. D.J.B ' PATENTS Hydrostatic press for an elongated object. George Gerard aad Jacob Brayman (Barogenics, Inc). U. S. 3,091,804, June 4 Apparatus for handling stacks of bricks. Rudolf N. Gunzel- 1963. D.J.g. ' marni U. S. 3,090,502, May 21, 1963.--The device comprises -- Impregnation [of cellular material] by implosion- George p a vertically movable frame, pairs of grippers extending down Russell. TJ. S.3,092,536, June 4, 1963. D.J.B wardly from it which grasp objects between them as the frame is Method and apparatus for moistening dust. Harold y raised, and feelers below the grippers which cause the frame to Stirling and Harry F. Hartzell, Jr. (Koppers Co., Inc.), g. move at a reduced speed as the object is grasped. D.J.B. d 3,089,791, May 14, 1963.--A method for improving the flow Apparatus for making precast cored building blocks. Leonard properties of dust comprises feeding the dust to a surge bio D. Long. U. S. 3,090,093, May 21, 1963. D.J.B. automatically conveying it to a dust wetting drum, moistening Apparatus for measuring and controlling moisture content of it by fogging water into the drum, tumbling it, and discharging materials. Harry W. Dietert (Harry W. Dietert Co.). U. S. -- free-flowing dust containing 5 to 14% water from the drum. 3,092,882, June 11,1963. D.J.B. d.j!b. Apparatus and method for conveying slurry. Paul L. Schoon Method and apparatus for sizing solid particles [centrifttgally). over (Monolith Portland Cement Co.). U. S. 3,093,364, June William T. Doyle (Sturtevant Mill Co.). U. S. 3,090,487, May 11, 1963.--The method comprises forcing a slurry into one end e 21, 1963. D.J.B. of an elongated flexible conduit while agitating the slurry by Oven for treating articles. John R. Johnson, Elmer B. Voss rotating an end of an elongated flexible member within the con and Frauds S. Wright (Owens-Illinois Glass Co.). U. si duit. D.J.B. 3,089,254, May _ 14, 1963.--A continuous pin-type conveyer Apparatus and process for forming high density compacts. -- carries articles through the oven, and heated air is blown down Milton H. Feldman and Harold E. Hosticka (Westingbouse from the top across the articles. D.J.B. Electric Corp.). U. S. 3,089,189, May 14, 1963---The method Process for making laminated material. William J. Knapp comprises (1) charging solid particles into a die cavity comprised and Francis R. Shanley (Rand Corp.). U. S. 3,089,196, May 14 of a perforation within a resilient, flowabie elastomeric member, / 1963. D.J.B. (2) positioning the member between two hard platens, and (3) Pulverizer. James L. Harvey and Alden Q. Beaty (Babcock applying a pressure of 1 X 10* psi to the material by compressing & Wilcox Co.). XL S. 3,093,327, June 11, 1963. D.J.B. XI--Instruments and Test Methods Absorptiometric determination of silicon in water: I, Forma* tion, stability, and reduction of and 0-molybdosilicic acids. I. R. Morrison and A. L. Wilson. Analyst, 88 [1043] 88-99 (1963).---The effect of experimental conditions on the formation, stability (in the presence of reagents used for destroying molybdo phosphoric acid), and reduction of - and 0-raolybdosilicic acids was determined. The effectiveness of several reagents for preventing interference from phosphate was also investigated. Both a-molybdosilidc acid reduced by stannous tin and 0- molybdosilicic acid reduced by l-amino-2-napbthol-4-sulfonic add should be suitable for precise methods of determining "reactive" silicon in water. 9 figs., 8 refs. n, Method for de termining "reactive" silicon in power-station waters. Ibid., pp. 106-104.--The method, based on the absorptiometric measure ment of reduced 0-moIybdosilicic add, can be modified for high sensitivity. . The within-batch coefficient of variation of the optical-density difference, optical density of sample less optical density of reagent blank solution, varied from 7 to 0.2% for concentrations of 0.01 and 0.5 ppm of SiO, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.001 ppm of SiO, and analysis time was abour 1.5 hr for 10 samples in duplicate. 3 refs. W.A. Adhesion measurements involving smalt particles. G. Boehme, H. Krupp, H. Rabenhorst, and G. Sandstede. Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs. (London), 40, 252-59 (Oct. 1962);' 'APCA Abstr., 8 [10] 3 (1963).--After stressing the technical importance of adhesion phenomena, the authors critically review experi mental methods for measuring the adhesion between small particles (10"1 to 10V) and between particles and a solid sub strate. The weighing, pendulum, aerodynanac, friction,' and centrifuge methods are discussed. With the ceotrifuze methM the adhesion of up to 1000 particles to a substratum may be measured in ooe experiment. The aerodynamic and the friction methods are not considered to provide direct data 00 adhesion. Both the weighing and the pendulum methods are difficult to use, in particular with small particles. 35 refs. Air separator for sizing refractory materials. A. E. Williams. Bril. Clayworker, 71 [845] 305-306 (1962).--Dry classification of ground particles by centrifugal air separation increases mill capacity through recirculation of oversize particles. The opera tion of the Sturtevant air separator at the Womelsdorf plant of North American Refractories Corp. is described. 3 figs. C.E.L.F. Bonded-wire temperature sensors. A. B. Kaufman. Inslr. Control Systems, 36 (5J 103-104 (1963).--This type of sensor, resembling wire or foil strain gages, has been in use, but factors such- as strain sensitivity and apparent strain due to temperature change have been overlooked. A procedure for correcting for system errors is given. 3 figs., 2 tables, 4 refs. W.W.P. Carbon-arc radiation standard. M. R. Null and W. W. Lotier. Inslr. Control Systems, 36 [5] 93-95 (1963).--An arc-lamp mechanism and a power supply are available for use in calibrating pyrometers or as a standard radiation source. The center of the lamp's positive graphite electrode has a brightness temperatint close to 3800K, with a deviation of probably less than *20 K. Spectral data are given. 3 figs. W.W.P. Cryogenic hose. F. J. Ryan. Prod. Eng., 34 [ll! (1963).--Loss of low-temperature fluids is minimized special constructions and the use of insulation. Heat loss da are given for insulation including fiber glass. 5 figs., 1963 De A. [1043 silica! cotab in a matt* to 20(- . ffcfenc G in lac 74-85 perat: tubes teP* distrii spberi ordia* theory yfid tc the di: figs., 1 GLa; Utter, (1962) sample prepar of Fej( The ar charac are rel proces: sample 1 table Bun [6] 93in tern humidi practic vices a chlorid sensors Man System indicatforces : restrict loss ac: requirepositior rate is c techniq 1963,A Meas Control netic fie water c< the ten A mult difficult Metavapor p. Wicks. Free.--. vapor 1 substani (III) ox paratus. Metal Control. couples swaging Methc E. Sterk [12J 277 for obta scribed, 'he carb* Y258 Ceramic Abstracts Septet 1963 XV--General Bond Teflon with epoxies. J. E. Schmidt, A. L. Mathews, and W. J. Horrjfalower. Prod. Eng., 34 (11] 43--46 (1963).--A 0 investments will depend not these countries, but also on only on the the solution economic of social aenvdolutiion, bonding method permits Teflon to be bonded to metal, glass, problems. 8 figs. ceramic, etc. The Teflon is etched, and this surface and that Methyl Cellosolve intoxication. M. R. Zavon. Am Ind a of the substrate are coiripietely coated with an epoxy adhesive. Assoc. J., 24, 36-41 (Jan.-Feb. 1963); APCA Abstr., 8 Details are given for the etching process, the preparation of the (1963).--Case histories are presented of five persons who syffJ substrate, and the handling of the adhesive. 4 photos. from methyl Cellosolve intoxication after an industrial expos,** W.W.P. Signs and symptoms related to previous reports are Ceramic materials. Wayne E. Brownell. Machine Design, These cases arose out of increased exposure to methyl Cellos^ 35 (15] 200 + 4 pp. (1963).--B. discusses the expanded range & without awareness or knowledge of the toxic potential and B ** of applications and gives the strength, thermal properties, elec* for control measures. ^ trical resistivity, and dielectric constants of a number of ma- Hew laboratories opened at Hova Scotia Technical Coll., terials in tabular form. Other properties are also covered briefly Anon. Chem. Can., 15 (5] 57 (1963).--Among the facilities b together with some of the production processes. Included are ~~ high-temperature laboratory for work with ceramics. 3 photo,4 glasses, porcelains, AliO*, BC, SiC, and titanates. D.J.B. Chemistry at high temperatures. John L. Margrave. Science, W.Wj? Report of the Committee on Patents. Fulton B. Flick, cha'- 135 (3501] 345-50 (1962).--High-temperature chemistry includes man. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 42 [8] 453 (1963). those chemical phenomena which occur at 1000K and higher. c Science and technology in the glass and electrical indu*tri* High temperatures can be attained by combustion, by electrical J. E. Stanworth. Glass Techncd., 4 (1) 10-12 (1963).--The heating, or by chemical explosions and nuclear reactions. Tech 25 years has seen the growth of new branches of electrical tec? niques based on radiation phenomena, i.e., the various spectro nology, such as semiconductors, discharge lamps, and nude- scopic techniques, and electrical resistance thermometers are "" power. In many of these fields, the deployment of large scientist important measuring means. High-temperature chemistry plays an important role in inorganic syntheses, structure determina resources has resulted in rapid technical development and hj dustrial growth. Some have made novel demands on the au " tions, determination of transport properties and kinetics, and and ceramic industries, and these sciences may be destined to measurement of classical physical properties. Important goals make important contributions to the development of new com for the future should include the establishment of highly reliable standards for temperature measurement, new techniques for munication systems and improved power stations. F.W.G Single crystals as engineering materials. R. D. Olt and R. a attaining high temperatures, development of apparatus for at Rudaess. Mater. Design Eng., 57 (3] 86-91 (1963).--Sin,^ taining high temperatures in highly oxidizing atmospheres, ' crystals of sapphire, ruby, rutile, Si, W, Mo, Ta, Ni, V, ferrites, better means for deducing the structures of high-temperature oxides, carbides, borides, silicides. quartz, beryl, and garnets are gaseous molecules, and the determination of high-precision discussed with their applications and improved properties ovq thermodynamic data for high-temperature systems, especially the polycrystalline form. Electrical and mechanical properties heats of formation and heat capacities of high-temperature e of sapphire are tabulated and compared with those of 85 and materials over wider ranges of pressure and temperature. As 99.5% AlsOj. Various crystal growing methods are shown sche high-temperature chemistry becomes of age new molecules will matically. 11 figs., 3 tables. D.J.B. be discovered, new techniques will be developed, and new theories Standards and labels for quality of ceramic products. a will be required to explain chemical and physical phenomena over Baudran. Ind. Ceram., 1963, No. 549, pp. 62-68.--Standards the range 1000 to 1,000,000K. 2 figs., 1 table, 6 refs. H.T.H. have been established to guarantee quality and uniformity and to simplify the number of models. Building products and most Computer controlled systems. Anon. Instr. Control Systems, consumer products have been standardized in the last few years. 36 (5] 85-90 (1963).--Computer experience from the chemical Standards organizations and their work are discussed. Standards process, public utilities, and cement fields is repotted. 6 photos. and labels lead the manufacturer to a simpler technique and the W.W.P. commercial angle, and give the consumer a better knowledge of Industrial hygiene design in raw materials handling systems. the product and an assurance of its qualities and properties. W. V. Andresen. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 23, 509-13 (Nov.- ~ The present state of the work is the ceramic industries is re. Dec. 1962); APCA Abstr., 8 (12) 2 (1963).--The raw materials viewed, and a list of French specifications is appended. used in industry may be gases, liquids, or solids. The general L.J.M. considerations which affect dust conditions are the quantity of United States ceramics--education, training, and research. material utilized and the raw material physical form. Operations ^ W. L. German. Ceramics, 14 (171] 11-12,14 (1963).--G. surveys leading to problems of dust exposure during materials handling U. S. educational practices as sees through British eyes, with are discussed. The problems and methods of control are pre particular emphasis on ceramic aspects. Comparisons and con sented with emphasis on closed systems and ventilation. __ trasts are drawn with the British system. W.W.P. Manufacturers association formed. Anon. Ceramics, 14 (171] Works control in the ceramic industry and its value. K. 17-18 (1963).--An association of firms engaged in the design, Litzow. Ind. Ceram., 1963, No. 549, pp. 55-61.--The efficiency manufacture, and installation of all forms of ceramic production of works control depends to a large extent on the general organiza equipment has been formed to raise the standards of productivity ^ tion of the factory. Only when the experience acquired is wisely in the ceramic industry by improving the design and manufac applied and the faults which arise are rapidly detected does ture of all forms of production and handling machinery. 1 photo. works control fulfill its function. Great differences are en W.W.P. countered in practice, and works control must be adapted to Market and ceramic industry in Brazil and the Argentine __ each product. The method used and the frequency of testing Republic. M. Roger. Ind. Ceram., 1962, No. 546, pp. 445-55.-- vary according to the importance of the work. Methods of The remarkable economic development of certain South American interpreting and using the tests must be defined exactly. The countries has'led to the study, in the ceramic industry, of the . expenses incurred by works control are determined with the aid possibilities of investment offered to foreign capital. By analyz- t* of a cost diagram. Benefits gained by works control exceed ing the market for ceramic products and the evolution of the those normally obtained by investment of the same capital national industry, it is possible to forecast for Brazil the value of 4 figs. L.J.M- new investments in the refractories and the structural materials industries. In Argentina, the refractories industry will benefit __ from a plan for economic reorganization aimed toward the heavy See also Sect. Vili: The term "porcelain"--its scope and in metallurgical industry. The possibilities and risks of such limitations. Book of 0en: f Methods). /Except Te 3&4 PP; * Analyse)Concrete, 278 PP- 1 pipe and 1 jain Eaami 1 1/nVZ Antifreezes goap> Sorpt Industrial' part 11, Rt meats $6.fi pftiladelpbi CeramicAbstracts-- ig63- Pu* The Araeri pP. + inde Industrie Foundryme Informatioj reducing co processes is tions and g: and reconn gineering p work. Mechanic American C Natl. Bur. . $1.75.--The posium wa.' dislocation : behavior of tic flow anc "Theory of de Wit; "< "Fracture r. ton; "Stre: "Review of of polycryst The monogT the symposi dislocations The papers valuable fea Shell Pn* American F $12.75.--Th interests of in solving d sand, resin, TemperatIndustry: \ ods. Editec Corp., New Ceram. Abst Chemical *t the Nortl 1962. W. A This volume Applied Pk: presented at University, was sponsori State Physic f Physical was supjwrti the Air Fore search Proje Four headin; content- m 278 - Ceramic A bstracts Octob^ silicon-boron reaction phase, the article having an oxygen gain of 19.6 to 43.8%(wt) and the material being characterized by chemical inertness in air to mixtures of boron and boron oxide between the mp of boron oxide and 2700F. D.J.B. Silicon carbide resistance body and method of making it. John A. O'Connor and Stanley J. Matys (Carborundum Co.). U. S. 3,094,679, June 16, 1963.--The method comprises joining the hot section of a silicon carbide electrical resistance beating element to a cold end with a carbon-containing welding composi tion, siliconizing the joint to form a weld of beta silicon carbide containing free carbon and free silicon, and annealing the joint above 1800C to increase the percentage of silicon carbide in the joint and to reduce the content of free silicon and free carbon. D.J.B. Sintered refractory material. Temple W. Ratcliffe (Babcock & Wilcox Co.)- TJ. S. 3,094,424, June 18,1963.--A pouring nozzle for molten metal comprising a chrome-magnesite mix combined with a bonding agent and water is molded at > 1000 p$i and fcu at <2700 to 2750F, the mix containing 3.6 to 7.5 FeO, 4qT 7.0 AljO*, 9.3 to 15.0 CrOj, and 50 to 70 MgO (the sum of fJ? AJ1O1. CrjOi. and MgO being at least 70%) and including no m<> ' than 11.0 CaO. 8.6 FejO*. and 8.7% SiO*. D.J.B 4 Stable silica-clad thoria sols and their preparation. Wayn T. Barrett, Moises G. Sanchez, and Milton C, Vanik (W p Grace & Co.). U. S. 3,097,17S, July 9, 1963.--The hydroth mally stable sol consists of an aqueous alkaline dispersion of iq to 60% thoria particles having a surface layer of silica sufficient; impart a negative charge to the particles, as measured by tb electrophoretic method, and contains enough alkali metal hv droxide to give a pH of 7.0 to 10.0. D.J.B See also Sect. VI i (patent) Article stacking and strappuj. machine. * VIII--WHiteware Behavior of a Bingham fluid in the eone-and-plate viscometer. gold plate. Ceramic items have been satisfactorily coated, a G. Boardman and R. L. Whitmore. Brit. J. Appl. Pkys., 14 figs., 3 tables. W.W.p. (6) 391-95 (1963).--A theoretical explanation of the shear-stress __ Higher ziuc oxide content in mat glazes for Seger cone 05* characteristics of a Bingham fluid as given by this viscometer is Earl Groessl. Keram. Z., 15 [5] 272-73 (1963).--Although ZoO developed for the case when the fluid is separated from the sur gives a very good mat finish (especially with biue and certain faces of the instrument by a thin layer of Newtonian liquid. It is green glazes), it causes peeling and shrinking of the glaze when it shown to apply qualitatively to china clay suspensions, and a ^ is used in the necessarily high proportion. The difficulty is partly method is given for deriving the true parameters of the fluid from alleviated by precalcinmg the ZuO, but there is no difficulty in the flow curve. 3 figs., 4 refs. W.A. introducing up to 11.6% ZnO as a fritted mixture of wollastonite Control of manufacture in a ceramic sanitary ware plant. G. 41.7 and ZnO 58.3 (or CaCO* 31, quartz 13.6, and ZnO 50.4%) Eynard. Ind. Ceram., 1963, No. 551, pp. 165-69.--The develop- __ or up to 18.4% ZnO as a fritted mixture of wollastonite 26.4 and ing market for sanitary ware has encouraged change in produc ZnO 73.6% (or CaCOj 20.6, quartz 12.4, and ZnO 67.0%). tion methods and equipment and has resulted in the need for mixture is best fritted at the maturing temperature of the closer collaboration with the industrial laboratory. The primary subjective qualities of the technician, based on experience and e J.A.S. Increasing the green mechanical strength of porcelain bodies. intuition, have had to be augmented by rational data supported Zbygaiew Syska. Sklar Keram., 11 [2] 35-39 (1961).--S. by regular controls and precise standards. At the Societe Gene- studied the possibility of increasing green strength by various rale de Fonderie, where vitreous ware is made by single firing, additions. He discusses the improvement obtained by aging and efforts have been concentrated on glazing, the determining factor __ by the addition of highly plastic clays and bentonites (Ca benton of the quality of the product. To combat silicosis, spraying has ites and activated Na days), sulfite lye, humus, and glykocel been gradually abandoned in favor of dipping. Basic and (carboxymethylcdlulose). The advantages and disadvantages secondary controls are indispensable with this primitive method. of the additives indicate that humin substances and glykocel Control of green strength reduced rejects before firing and con- j might have practical application; both are discussed in detail. firmed the need for drying. Control of viscosity and fusibility Results of laboratory and plant tests are given. 8 table, 12 assured glaze maturity. Intermittent control of the whiteness refs. A.D. and thickness of the glaze improved quality. By equating Investigation of the surface of a glaze by light interference. volume of manufacture and sale price with risks (hypothetical or __ M. Mehmel. Keram. Z., 15 [5] 265-68(1963).--The method of statistical) and their effect on cost price, the limits for the applica M. Uhlig (Zeiss-Werks., 30, 70-77 (1958)) is applied to reveal tion of control can be set. 7 figs. L.J.M. glaze surface irregularities by observing (and photographing) Control of the properties of glazes by the aid of eutectics-- the light interference patterns formed by the reflection of T1 study of fusion behavior and other properties of ceramic mixtures g radiation X = 0.54^. Instead of using a lacquer replica, a "silver in the eutectic areas: IV, Alkali-BjOx-SiOi systems; V, System mirTor" is chemically deposited on the surface of the glaze. PbO-B-Or-SiOt. Arhtur S. Watts. J. Am. Ceram. Soe., 46 (8) Photographs show the patterns caused by unevenness as small as 371-73 (1963).--Glasses of the systems were prepared and tested 0.03#x and by the presence of small bubbles just beneath the sur for solubility in water. 4 figs., 2 tables, 1 ref. For part HI see -- face of the glaze. The bowing of, e.g., the bottom of a plate, is ibid., 44 [6] 272-76 (1961). indicated by a pattern of concentric dosed loops. 7 photos, 8refs. Effect of various additives on the behavior of porcelain bodies J.A.S. during firing. Evzen Kraomes. Sklar Keram., 11 {2] 48-50 Manufacture of plates by pressing. Ernst Brueckner. Keram. (1961).--Several additives were introduced into the basic porce- h Z., 15 [3] 128-29 (1963).--B. challenges the statements made by lain body. Firing behavioT was studied on bisque-fired test Apfelbeck, Cach, and Jeuthe that die pressing is a practicable pieces by determining the starting deformation temperature and method for manufacturing acceptable flatware. The difficulties the temperature at which the middle of the test piece showed a of sufficiently compacting the body in a dry or semiplastic state sag of 10 mm. Evaluation of the results showed a close conela- -- to produce a fine surface finish and good mechanical strength are tion between the deformation or its rate and the molar ratio described and discussed. B. knows of 00 manufacturer who has RiOj:(RiO + RO) computed from the body compositions. 1 produced salable ware by die pressing a dry or semidry powder. fig., 3 refs. A.D. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1961, Oct., p. 244e; 1963, March, p. 79c. Faulty brown glazes having a metallic luster effect. Friedrich * J.A.S. Dettmer. Keram. Z., 15 J5J 264-65 (1963).--Previous investi Moisture expansion of a ceramic body and its internal surface gators have attributed this luster to precipitation in the glaze of area. W. F. Cole. Nature, 196 [4850] 127-28 (1962).--It has the spinel MnO-AljO or the ferrites FeO-FejOj or MnO-FejOj, been found that for an earthenware body fired above the tem to a sulfide of Mn, or even to the formation of immiscible glassy perature of the moisture expansion peak at 1000C, moisture ** phases. X-ray analysis, supported by the magnetic nature of the pansion and internal surface area follow parallel courses, bo* luster, shows that the luster is due to the -y-FejOj phase; the below 1000C they move in reverse directions. The cause presence of some sulfide may nucleate the precipitation. 4 refs. this is attributed to variation in pore size with increasing fin0* J.A.S. 3 temperature. 3 figs., 1 table, 4 refs. Cf. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., & Gold plating with spray guns. G. S. Gomes and D. J. Levy. [9] 428-34 (1962). A.M.L. Prod. Finishing, 27 [10] 36-44 (1963).--Simultaneous spraying of Problems in the slip casting of porcelain. P. P. BudnikoJ- two water-base solutions, one containing gold in solution and the Sklar Keram., 11 [2] 46-42 (1961).--P. rives the theoretical bass 1963 jrpical P' be sbp ration a 0fcelam x, prodtic ijdie** he resu- ordinary jng teP< bendin? s prepared ftsstrengr Zircon Sklar Ke zircon gla that opaq parency a (hotel anc of clays a: body. Zi: 9%(wt) tc size distri following toriness in resistance Afltife Stickler, S [4,Pt2] K a function onance ac lengths. 1 Appticat: Ellis and Engrs.), 51 light sourc figs., 1 ref. AppUcati heat into e. voi. J. N component emission a adequate e and operat Tameters by stant A * tion. The relative to vice as an e the range 1 Barrier-1. Engrs. (Let high effecti' from a wid simple redu of the cera: granular ba the reduce* oomplished barrier-lave krgely gov. Pcraffire ce change of j Permittivity ^Portant ' titans**. 1963 IV, Ceramic-Metal Systems--V, Glass 303 porcelain enamel slip control--are today's methods adequate? add dissolved in an aqueous solution of 15 sodium silicate, 10 to moo. Metal Prod. Mfg., 20 16] 37 + 3 pp. (1963).--Current 15 comminuted zirconium silicate, 5 to 10 comminuted silica, and -etiiods of applying porcelain enamel slip (flow coating, mecbani- 15 to 30%(wt) admixed metallic oxide. D.J.B. dipping, automatic spraying, etc.), to which production Q Copper borate antifonling pigment. Edward J. Dunn, Jr., ^jjedules are geared, require close control. The pneumatic vis- and Martin Kushner (National Lead Co.). ' U. S. 3,100,718, Aug. ^ity control, specific gravity-pickup, specific gravity-slump, 13, 1963.--A composite pigment partide consists of a silica core time, flow through as orifice, and water-content techniques (25 to 75% silica) and a coating of copper borate. D.J.B. ^ adequate or near adequate in specific instances, but they are __ Energy conversion process and apparatus. Ernest H. Lyons, object to the type of product coated, type of slip,' method of Jr. U. S. 3,100,163, Aug. 6, 1963.--The process comprises heating application, and other processing details. Thus, better controls at > 800K, in the absence of substantial amounts of reducing jgd techniques are desired. 4 photos. L.S.O'B. agents, CuO, Co0, MnO*, PbOj, Pb0, and/or Fe*0* to convert progress of vitreous enameling industry and research in India. ^ it to CujO, CoO, MmOj, PbO, and/or FejO*, cooling the lower c 5. Verma. Central Class Ceram. Res. Imt. Bull. (India), 10 oxide to below 400K, immersing it in oxygen-transferring elec Mj 23-30 (1963).--A review. 4 tables, 26 refs. RX.T. trolyte and using it as an anode in cooperation with an oxygen- Techniques for controlling porcelain enamel slip. Anon, supplying cathode to produce electric current with resultant re- ifttalProd. Mfg., 20 (7] 28,31(1963).--Techniques are described _ oxidation to the higher oxide, returning the higher oxide to the for measuring specific gravity (relative weight of slip per unit heating step, and repeating the process continuously so that the volume), pickup (weight of enamel retained on standard panel energy used to heat the higher oxide is converted at high effidency dipped in slip), slump (flow of measured column of slip released on into electrical energy. D.J.B. standard flat surface), and rate of flow (volume of slip passed e Method of joining carbon. John G. Lewis and Harold A. through standard orifice under standard pressure). 2 photos. Ohlgren (American Metal Products Co.). IT. S. 3,101,403, Aug. L.S.O'B. 20,1963.--The method comprises placing the surfaces together in a nonreactive atmosphere and striking an electric arc between a patents welding rod made of a metal from group IV-A, V-A, or VI-A of the periodic-table and the carbon to melt the metal and cause it to Antifouling pigment. Edward J. Dunn, Jr., and Martin penetrate into the carbon surfaces. D.J.B. Kusbner (National- Lead Co.). U. S. 3,100,719, Aug. 13, Submerged-melt welding and composition therefor. Robert 1963.--A composite pigment particle consists of a silica core (25 ^ A. Kubli and William B. Sharav (Union Carbide Corp.). U. S. to 75% silica) and a coating of copper oxide. D.J.B. 3,100,829, Aug. 13, 1963.--A composition for producing high Coating composition. Takeichi Osbima and Yukichi Uyemura. impact low temperature welds is composed of 33 to 55 CaO, 30 to 0. S. 3,100,154, Aug. 6, 1963.--A refractory, solvent-proof, and 45 SiO:. 2 to 6 MnO, 2 to 8 fluoride, and a trace to 10% TiOi. anticorrosive coating consists of 1.5 to 2.5% metal salt of a fatty _ D.J.B. V--Glass Automatic glass batching--key to modem glassmaking: L Anon. Brit. Chem. Eng., 8 [8] 555 (1963).--Project FINGAL Alvin J. Gold. Ceram. Ind., 80 [6] 60-62 (1963).--G. discusses (Fixation in Glass of Active liquors) disposes of fission product batch plant structure, unloading systems, and Gullet handling. wastes by mixing them, as a nitric add solution, with slurried 2 figs. IL Ibid., 81 [1] 66-68, 76-79.--Scales, diluting or pre- __ borax and silica and fusing to a glass. 1 fig. W.W.P. mixing of minor ingredients, feeders to the scales, controls, addi Flame-spectrometric determination of Ifa and K with BaCl: as tion of coloring ingredients, and wet batching are discussed. buffer. Friedrich Hegemann, Heinrich Kostyra, and Barbara 4 figs., 1 table. W.K.S. Pfab. Glostech. Ber., 30 (1] 14-17 (1957).--Quantitative analysis Coloration of glass containing titanium. Teruo Sakaino, Taro f of Na and contents of >1% can be simplified by buffering with Moriya, and Kenji Koide. Yogyo Kyokai Shi, 70 [798] 190-94 BaClj. Na and are determined in one solution. Sample and (1962).--Nine silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses were used standard solution may differ in content of the second alkali The as the base. Ti,+ and Ti** coexist in glass, and melting in a re mutual influence of is reduced to one half, and that of Na to ducing atmosphere increased the content of the former, coloring -- one fifth. Equal contents analysis difficult; for samples the glass blue. There are two forms of Ti4+, one being a network with unknown contents it is advisable to determine the values modifier, TiO*, and the other a network former, TiO or (TiO). roughly in advance. The average relative error of this procedure The former gives colorless glass, and the latter gives yellow to is 0.7% of the Na or content. Under given conditions the brown glass. Equilibria such as TiO TiO (TiO<) are as- g content of the standard may differ from that of the sample solu aimed. 4 figs., 2 tables, 11 refs. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1962, July, tion as follows: for Na analysis 60% of the :0 value, and for p. 163A; 1963, Aug., p. 208A. ICY. analysis 100% of the NaiO value. In this case, the analyti Devitrification of optical glasses. Tetsuro Izumitani and cal error will not exceed 0.5%. Several examples are given. 2 Yosiro Moriya. Yogyo Kyokai Ski, 70 [797] 131-42 (1962).-- -- figs., 4 tables, 12 refs. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1959, Feb., p. 65a. Liquidus temperature, viscosity, and surface tension of glasses of the BjOi-CdO-La,0 system were measured, and the devitrifica I.N. Formation and growth of bubbles in the process of glass melting. tion was studied. Addition of SiO, GeOi, BeO (< 2%), and Tetsuro Izumitani and Ryohei Terai. Yogyo Kyokai Sht, 70 AJrOj lowered the liquidus temperature, and the first three in- h [799] 208-209 (1962).--The formation and the growth of bubbles creased the viscosity; thus these compounds were effective in re- were treated as a phase transition phenomenon. Theoretical during devitrification. The more stable the glass, the lower is the equations were derived based on the theory that bubbles form in liquidus temperature and the higher is the viscosity. 14 figs., 5 a supersaturated solution and grow by gas diffusion in the solu tables, 18 refs. K.Y. -- tion. The results of experiments on COj bubbles in water and Fiber glass fabric filters for high temperature dust and fume glycerine agreed with the theory. In molten B 7 glass, bubbles control.' I. J. Gusman and R- C. Horton. J. Air Pollution Con were found to grow during the process of melting. 11 figs., 2 trol Assoc., 13 [6] 266-67 (1963); APCA Abstr., 9 [3] 3 (1963). tables, 4 refs. ICY. --The basic qualities of fiber glass filter fabrics are breaking * High-pressure effects on oxide glasses: I, Densification in strength, weight, count, width, flexural strength, and air perme rigid state. J. D. Mackenzie. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 46 [10] 461- ability. It is important that filter fabrics be judged by the varia- 70 (1963).--Densification of SiOj, GeOi, and BiOj glasses in the tioa in properties rather than by an absolute value. Although no rigid state was studied at pressures up to 80 kbars and at tem one system of air filtration can be appropriate for all problem *~ peratures up to 600C in different pressure-transmitting media. tfeas, fiber glass filter fabrics perform efficiently for the carbon The infrared, ultraviolet, and nuclear magnetic resonance absorp khek, cement, gypsum, iron, steel, noofeirous metal, chemical, tions of the compressed glasses were examined. Densification id public utHity industries. New yarns with improved flex increased with time, temperature, pressure, and, more important, high temperature lubricants, use of available weaves, ac- 7 with applied shear. This process of volumetric shrinkage in the cumulation of engineering data, and proper combination of glass rigid state at low temperatures is fundamentally different from Tv, weave, and will result in the effective use of fiber glass that at temperatures at or above the glass transition. A quali 50 the field of air pollution control. tative modpl '"Ivnlviojr - -- -- -t ~ - The America Ceramic Society February 15,1993 I hereby certify that the attached copies of Ceramic Abstracts, Volume, 1963, are true and accurate copies, which are maintained in the normal course of business at the American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081. Christine Schnitzer Product Manager Ceramic Information Center 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 43081*8720 614 *890*4700 TWX: 7101109409