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Safety Engineering Tables TABLE 47-P SAFE BEARING LOADS ON SOILS AND ROCK (Values approximate pressures allowed in major city building codes) Nature of Soil Safe Bearing Capacity (Tons per sq ft) Solid ledge of hard rock, such as granite, trap, etc Sound shale or other medium rock, requmng blasting for removal Hardpan, cemented sand and gravel, difficult to remove by picking Soft rock, disintegrated ledge, in natural ledge, difficult to remove by picking Compact sand and gravel, requiring picking for removal Hard clay, requiring picking for removal Gravel, coarse sand, in natural thick beds Loose, medium, and coarse sand, fine compact sand Medium clay, stiff but capable of being spaded Fine loose sand Soft clay 25-100 10-15 8-10 5-10 4-6 4-5 4-5 1 5-4 2-4 1-2 1 From Mechanical Engineer's Handbook, rev 6th ed Edited by T Baumeister (Copyright 1958 McGraw-Hill Inc ) Used by permission TABLE 47-Q SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF GASES AND LIQUIDS (Gases at 32 F air = 1 000, liquids water = 1 000) Gas Air Acetylene Ethyl alcohol vapor Ammonia Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Chlorine Ethane Sp Gr 1 000 0 920 1 601 0592 1 520 0 967 2 423 1 049 Gas Sp Gas Sp Gr Gr Ether vapor Ethylene Helium Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen Mercury vapor Marsh gas 2 586 0 967 0138 2 370 1 261 0 069 6 940 0 555 Methane Nitrogen Nitnc oxide Nitrous oxide Oxygen Propane Sulfur dioxide Water vapor 0 554 0 971 1 039 1 527 1 106 1 554 2 250 0 623 1 cu ft of air at 32 F and atmosphenc pressure weighs 0 0807 pounds Liquid Sp Gr Liquid Acetic acid Alcohol, commercial Ammonia Benzene Bromine Carbolic acid Carbon disulfide Cotton-seed oil 1 06 083 077 088 2 97 096 1 26 093 Fluonc acid Gasoline Glycenn Kerosene Linseed oil Mineral oil Naphtha Olive oil Mainly from Machinery's Handbook, 16th ed (The Industrial Press) 1606 Sp Liquid Sp C.r Gr 1 50 0 70 1 26 0 80 094 092 0 76 092 Palm oil Petroleum oil Phosphoric acid Rape oil Vinegar Water Whale oil 0 97 082 1 78 0 92 1 08 1 00 0 92 1 cu ft water at 4 C weighs 62 43 pounds