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Annapolis, Md., a City of Great Historical Significance Below, the Dorsey House, reputedly the first meeting place of the Assembly at Annapolis in February. 1695. Painted with white lead this building shows the importance of painting brick structures to main tain permanent beauty and protection. Paint prevents penetration of damaging moisture in masonry, is u medium for periodic restyl ing, and maintains cleanli ness and freshness, espe cially tor old structures No. 4 Below, the Colonial Post Inn, built by Dr. Charles Carroll about 1730. Ifith the colonial-mail-post system, it is said that this Inn became the first Annapolis Post Office and head</uarters for the early post-chaises ITUATED at the mouth of the S Severn River where it flows into Chesapeake Bay lies the historic city of Annapolis, capital of Maryland. From its two centers. State Circle and Church Circle, the visitor may take anv of the old streets leading from the circles like the spokes of a wheel and rediscover many of the interest ing landmarks of the old American city. From its founding in 1649 down to its present wide recognition as the home of the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis has occupied an important place in the American scene. It was here that Saint John's College, the first free school in the United States, was established in 1696. Eighty-seven years later, in 1783. General Washington turned in his resignation as Commander-inChief of the Continental Army to the Continental Congress which was con vened at that time in the temporary capital at Annapolis. One year later the peace treaty with England, in which the independence of the United States was recognized, was ratified here by Congress. Today. Annap olis is perhaps best known for the Naval Academy founded in 1845 by George Bancroft, Secretary of the Navy under President Polk. Three of the historical landmarks in Annapolis are illustrated on this page. These, as well as many other buildings of historical significance, have been decorated and protected for generations with pure white lead. The Sands House, oldest frame house in Annapolis. Originally built by an Englishman it was sold to Jonathan Sands shortly before completion. It has been owned and lived in bv members of the Sands family from that day until the present--almost two and one-half centuries. An un usual spiral staircase, hand-carved mantel pieces, and low-beamed ceil ings add to the distinctive colonial character of the interior. Pure white lead and oil paint preserves the charm of both exterior and interior of this historic landmark HAYMAN STUDIO THIS IS NO. 4 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE LEAD AND OIL PAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAVS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS REI.IAHI.F. MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. [4] Far-Sighted Government Painting Practice in New Brunswick, N. J. Maximum protection and. decoration for a community's buildings at mini mum cost is assured by pure white lead paint ANY fine examples of a com- M munity's civic pride in its public-owned buildings may be seen in New Brunswick, N. J. The Middle sex County Court House and the fa mous Buccleuch Mansion are two which catch the visitor's attention. Both beautified and protected with pure white lead and oil. these build ings will continue to be a source of great pride to the residents of New Brunswick and of great interest to the many travelers who visit this city every year. The Middlesex County Court House is a stately structure fronted by six Doric columns. Originally built in 1840, a fire in 1931 destroyed a por tion of the upper galleries and the wood columns. After its restoration this old mansion stands on a rise of the whole structure received a com land overlooking the Raritan River. plete painting with pure white lead The home remained in the possession and oil. Of particular interest is the of the White family until 1774 when paint treatment given the wood col it was purchased by the English gen umns to suggest stone construction. eral, William Burton, who kept it un Three coats of white lead were ap til it was confiscated in 1783 by the plied and, while the last coat was still Commission of Forfeited Estates. wet, a fine sand aggregate was During this period the crack cavalry sprayed on under pressure. The final regiment known as the Enniskillen effect so closely approaches the ap Dragoons was stationed on the estate pearance of real stone that it cannot with the officers having quarters in the be detected except by close examina old mansion. The top floor and the tion. The painting was done under the bannister on the stairs show the sabre supervision of James A. Lyons, advis cuts and hack marks today that were ing painter for Middlesex County. put there by these officers during their The Buccleuch Mansion, an his stay. The mansion came into the pos toric homestead built by Anthony session of Colonel Joseph Warren White in 1734, is now a city-owned Scott in 1821 and remained in that museum containing a priceless collec family until its presentation to the tion of early American antiques and city in 1911 by Anthony J. Dey. Con relics. Situated in Buccleuch Park struction of the building is clapboard [5] The Middlesex County Court House and the historic Buccleuch Mansion, both in New Brunswick, N. are fine examples of the perform ance of white lead over a half size brick wall, decorated and protected with pure white lead and oil by the city of New Brunswick. Today, as in the past, pure white lead and oil continues to protect a great many of America's oldest shrines and public buildings. Free dom from cracking and scaling and unfailing protection year after year are ideal compliments to the gleam ing beauty white lead imparts to buildings. Recognition of these ad vantages is shown by the great num ber of city and county governments all over the country that specify white lead and oil. Its ability to give really low cost maintenance without the danger of unsightly appearance due to failure, has made it a standby paint for institutions and organizations de siring the best in paint protection and beauty for the buildings they maintain. LIA 257 26 Five Years of Weathercap Development and Use h o u s a n d s of feet of lead T "Weathercap" have been used, since its introduction a few years ago i LEAD, Jan., 1939), on such impor tant buildings as the new Airlines Ter minal Building, New York City, the Rhode Island State Capitol Building, Providence, the up-town branch of the Dry Dock Savings Institution, New York City, the Finance Building, at Harrisburg, Pa., and many other mon The uptown branch of the Dry Dock Savings Institution, ^ew York City, Louis (Tee&s and Cross and Cross, architects." (feathercaps'* have been used extensively re cently on this build ing, applied under the direction of the Universal Insurance Co., New York City. Other applications of lead on this building were de scribed in LEAD, July. 1937 WURTS BROS. umental structures and large buildings. Since the pyramids of ancient Egypt the problem of providing permanent protection for masonry joints has been a troublesome one. Calking com pounds offered a temporary solution to such joint failures but the trouble has continued since these compounds, organic by nature, are subject to de terioration from sunlight and air. Lead "Weathercap" consists of an extruded lead cap with a cross-mem ber which overlaps the masonry joint and is anchored on the underside into the calking compound filling the joint. Flat or cove type caps are made to fit any joint condition. Joints are raked out and filled with good calking compound; the cap is cut to size and notched for the corners. Then it is pressed into the compound making intimate contact with the ma sonry and forcing the excess com pound into the bonding grooves on the underside of the cross members. The compound forms an elastic, ad hesive seal for the joint which is pro tected against sunlight and air by the indestructible cap. Non-corroding, easy to bend and notch, the cap fits any type of joint regardless of con tour or irregular rough-cut masonrv. Morever, being made of lead there is no staining on the masonry. Although the major use for the caps are on copings, cornices and similar parts as used on the Airlines Building. Dry Dock Savings Institution, both in N. Y. City, and the Connecticut National Guard Hangar. Hartford, Conn., there are numerous other ap plications such as for steps, stone walls, window sills and glass block. Steps, for instance, are very often unsightly due to joint failures. In the photographs are shown the before and after views of the steps of a large New Jersey high school. Mortar and calk ing compound had crumbled from the joints; the corners of the stones had been chipped in cleaning out the bro ken mortar, and the entire approach was unsightly and necessitated yearly maintenance cost. Now installed, the lead caps have eliminated any future maintenance and make a much more attractive entrance. Although the caps make permanent A close-up oj the flat and cove type caps. At right, before and after views of steps on a New Jersey high school. Note the clean-cut ap pearance of the caps [6] LIA25727 1 T nd i na* m- on TS. ad- protection sure, when properly set in sunlight and other agents, a compound Connecticut National Guard ro- a good calking compound, it should which deteriorates within itself, losing Hangar. Hartford. Conn.. Pavne and Keefe, architects. "Weather- the be remembered that the cap and set its adhesion, drying out or hardening, rap' was used in all coping joints f|0[. ting compound must work hand in would fail to maintain the watertight fits hand to give this protection. Regard seal inside the joint and the entire in ^ork City, manufacturers of quality- >n* less of the effectiveness of the cap in stallation would be unsatisfactory. calking compounds, are the producers 1rv. providing protection against weather. The Minwax Company, Inc., New and distributors of "Weathercap/' is ips White Lead Paint Keeps Exacting Customers Satisfied !ar ig, OHLER, the town-planned Wis ards represented at Kohler and hold a paint on 99 per cent of my jobs and I Kin consin industrial garden village list of regular customers year after know that my reputation as a painter :ut where Kohler of Kohler plumbing fixyear can only do so by means of a has been maintained because of this. rd. tures are made, is known far and wide. quality of work that is beyond crit Nothing can beat white lead when it ip- Much of the painting of Kohler prop icism. Says Mr. Eggebeen, "I have comes to satisfying the most scrupu <ne erties in the village and on the farms been painting for 32 years and have lous customer." ck. which fringe the community has been always tried to give my customers a Mr. Eggebeen also recommends en done by the painting contracting firm job they could be proud of. I have white lead for interior walls because he of Mark J. Eggebeen and Sons, She tried to build a reputation as a painter he knows that customers will be well nd boygan and Kohler, Wisconsin. Most in the community that would be free satisfied by the saving in maintenance ew of this firm's painting is done with f rom criticism. I have used white lead expense resulting from the ability of !k- pure white lead and oil. this paint to stand repeated washing. he Mr. Eggebeen has a list of 113 regu He says that it requires only four min ad lar customers who constantly come utes to mix paint from 100 lb. of soft ro- back to him for painting work. For paste white lead. He always mixes his ch instance, in 1939 he did work of some white lead in advance and allows it to ly kind for 100 of these regular custo age for several days before using. .he mers. He has also just completed ire painting 10 new houses in a nearby ire development with pure white lead. A contractor who is able to satisfy cnt customers demanding the high stand Some of the at tractive homes in Kohler, Wis., and, above, Mark ]. Eg gebeen and his three sons on a fob [7] LIA25728 Painting In Cold Weather no abrupt break in the film. Old OST people give up all jobs that have shown cracking and M thought of painting house ex scaling, or other serious defects over teriors as soon as the winter seatshoen entire surface, may be stripped starts. Painters, home owners, archi by means of torch and scraper, or a tects and builders are all tempted to good outside paint remover. stop exterior painting as soon as the In so far as the painting is con first real cold spell sets in. and wait cerned, there are certain precautions until spring to start their exterior to observe. Heavy frosts during the painting programs. In many in night are common during late fall, stances. especially where a house is winter and very early spring. Con to be placed on the market, or where sequently. the siding should be given the old film has worn away to such plenty of time to dry out each day a point that repainting at the earliest before any painting is started. It possible time is necessary, this delay takes some time for the morning sun is a great inconvenience. Further to dry the siding sufficiently to make more, the delav is unnecessary in it ready for the application of paint, many instances because even in the and therefore painting before ten most rugged climates, there are many o'clock in the morning is, in most fine days of good weather during the cases, inadvisable. At about three in winter. In fact, w'arm clear days the afternoon, painting should be mav continue for several weeks, and stopped. In fact, if the temperature satisfactory- painting can be done begins to drop rapidly at any time during these periods provided a few during the day the indications are common-sense precautions are ob that a cold spell, or perhaps a stormy served when the painter mixes his spell, is due and it is advisable to paint and applies it. It is obvious stop painting immediately. that the reason for the attitude assumed by people, concerning paint Application ing during winter, is caused pri Scientific investigation over a long marily by the fact that paint does period of years has shown that the not set up and dry quickly during use of an excess amount of oil in cold weather. Slight adjustments of reducing the paint is one of the basic formulas can. in many instances, off causes of cold weather painting set the difficulty which might be en troubles. The proportions of pig countered in the event that the cus ment and oil should be properly ad tomary formulas were employed. justed in order that the paint job Surface Preparation may give maximum durability and protection. At the same time, the When winter painting is under fact that paint based on regular for taken. the usual surface preparation mulas is more viscous in cool weather is necessary; that is, when the old than in warm weather indicates that film is in good condition, dry brush something must be added to the paint ing with a fairly stiff brush is all to reduce its consistency so that it that should be necessary. When can be properly brushed. Some in cracking and scaling has occurred to dividuals, in order to reduce the con a limited extent and only on a limi sistency, have followed the practice ted area, the defective paint films can of adding extra linseed oil. This is be removed and the edges of the films a mistake, because the extra linseed adjoining the bare area can be bev oil results in the production of a eled with sandpaper so that there is softer paint film, which is obviously undesirable. Turpentine--rather than oil--should be added to reduce the consistency so that the paint can be properly brushed. Turpentine, while reducing the consistency, evapo rates as the film dries and leaves the relative proportions of linseed oil and pigment unchanged. Obviouslv. since a definite proportion of oil and pigment has been found most effec tive for each type of job, this addi tion of turpentine is preferable to an increase of the linseed oil. or non volatile portion, which would change the "pigment-fixed vehicle" propor tions. For example, the standard formula for the finishing coat on wood siding calls for one-half lin seed oil and one-half paste white lead by volume. In winter weather this should be mixed exactly as the for mula prescribes. However, turpen tine may be added until the paint reaches the proper brushing consis tency. The amount of turpentine that will be heeded will depend upon the temperature. Any reliable painter is competent to judge when the right amount of turpentine has been added to make the mixture brush smoothly and evenly, and at the same time, re tain its body, hiding power and other essential characteristics. Since the extra turpentine will evaporate, as stated before, the dry film should possess the same physical character istics that would be present in the film produced by the mixture of equal parts of oil and paste white lead during warmer weather. Choice of Materials The materials used in painting, properly combined, are an important factor in the production of a good paint job. Naturally, the painter's ability and his experience are indis pensable, but even the best painter cannot be expected to produce a firstclass job with poor materials. If the painter has available readily adapt- [8] LIA25729