Document aDE6VwqYw2omkkZ5bKLd6DX3B

FILE NAME: Pfizer (PFIZ) DATE: 1951 DOC#: PFIZ043 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: US Patent - Plaster and Method of Plastering so o g JaB. Ea to I f .4 " T ' t i ' SAMPLE 16421 3,008,031 lath to form the retaining keys IS. The travel ing is carried out sufficiently to give the piaster a relatively smooth surface and to oause mois holder a distance somewhat greater than the thickness'of th e plaster to be stippled so 'th at the nails can strike the lath II and prevent the ture and fine material to come to the surface so - base or holder of the stippling device from conas to form a crust, as mentioned above; The B tkctlng and marking the plaster surface. The subsequent treatm ent of the surface can .be the nail stippling produces the holes IT in the plaster same for plaster applied In a single layer as for whloh are the open outer ends of channels or plaster which has been applied In multiple layers. < passages lia left by the nails and which extend The applied plaster can be left with Its sur . into the plaster a substantial distance Inwardly face In the relatively smooth condition or oan 10 of Its surface and preferably to a point a t or be given further treatm ent, as will be explained adjacent the backing or lath ll. One or more hereinafter. When the surface is left smooth' of the channels or passages lia oan 1 seen or plain, as represented by th strip or section in Pig. B which ie a photographic reproduction 14 of Pig. 1 and as shown also in Pig. 7, our a t full or normal scale of a cross-section through acoustloal piaster has somewhat the appearance IS our acoustical plaster. One of the passages lia of conventional lime plaster but, due to char ' also appears in the photographie reproduction acteristics to be later described, possesses a rela of Pig. 6 which showB a portion of the Bame tively high sound-absorbing and sound-deaden- oross-seotion enlarged ten times. The purpose ing capacity, as well as a relatively high heat- of the open holes 11 and the channels 11a lead- lnsulatlng capacity. 17118 'smoothly troweled go lng Inwardly therefrom will be further explained plaster can be painted or otherwise coated to hereinafter. . - . .improve its appearance and Its ability, to be, We will next describe our acoustical plaster washed or oleaned. composition and explain our method of prepar Instead of leaving our plaster with smooth ing the plaster. Our acoustical plaster comprises or plain surface, it oan be roughened or. stippled 25 a plastic cementitious material of a creamy con .for the purpose of improving Its appearance and sistency formed by mixing water with hydrated Increasing its sound-absorbing ability. The sec lime and then afimMng the -mbiire. Our plaster tion or portion 16 of Pig. 1 represents the plaster composition h a lu roaming agent lnooroorated .after It has been stippled. Pigs. 3 and 4 are therein which will b further identified herein- reproductions'of actual photographs of the sur 30 after and which makes possible the aeration of face of.the stippled plaster, Pig. 3 being normal the mixture by a twnrihanlnni piffiYifu'figi|ff1nn size'and pig. 4 being magnified or enlarged ten thereof for the period of time hereinafter specF* tim es., The stippling can be carried out in dif fled. ferent ways and with various Implements. We As the result of the aeration, the plastic mass prefer to do the stippling in two oprations, 38 of cementitious material will be found to con the first being executed with a stippling brush tain numerous minute air bubbles or hollaw cells ' .or the Ilk; and the seoond being executed with which are distributed throughout the entire xnaBs. a pronged or nail type, stippler. One method These bubbles or cells are so small th at they are of procedure which we have found to be satis not readily broken but remain in the plastic factory is .to brush Btipple the smoothed plaster 4 m aterial after It has been applied to the metal promptly after it has been applied to the backing lath or other backing. The bubbles form Inter and then nail stippling the plaster after an appro connecting minute cells In th e dried plaster which priate intervening drying period which may be .extend from the front to the rear surfaces thereof from sixteen to sixty-four hours depending upon and Impart to the plaster a porous or a spongy the condition of the plaster. I t is desirable th at 4S characteristic. These cells serv to entrap and the nail stippling have the effect of breaking dampen sound waves or vibrations end thus the oslls in the plaster a t the points or areas enable the plaster to absorb and. deaden sound ..penetrated by the nails. If the nail'stippling is or noise. Them effile also constitute voids whloh carried out before the plaster has dried suf -enable the plaster to retard the transfer of-heat. ficiently, th e nails may have a troweling effect BO' 'Instead of using only hydrated lime In forming which produce undesirable crusts or' shffil-like our acoustical plaster, as above explained, we linings in the.holes or passages left by the nails. .may add a suitable fibrous m aterial whloh serves , Mgs. 2 and 3 -Illustrate' the surface appear as a filler and reThol&lf?'"ffiBtUUffi or binder. . ance of the plaster afte r.lt has been subjected 'Asbestos of medium length fiber is very satlsfao- ** to the two -stippling operations Just referred to. B5 tory for this purpose, although other fibrous ma- - The brush stippling operation Imparts a more terlls dan be used-such as sisal, bagasse, wood . or leu uniformly distributed pebble-like rough fibers, animal hair, or rock wool. The use of'Such ness or texture to the plaster surface, which is a fibrous binder is desirable because it reinforces produced by the combined penetrating and the plaster and tends to prevent shrinking or m incing action of the bristles of the stippling CO cracking thereof. Borne of these fibrous m ate- -brush. This roughness Includes numerous small .rials, particularly the-asbestos, also serve as a , and relatively shallow' holes .or -indentations 16 plasticizer which holds water and adds to the which have been formed by -the -ends of the ,workability of the plaster. bristles being poked into the plaster. These .The following composition is given as an exam- shallow holes are relatively closely, but somewhat 65 pie of an acoustloal plaster which-we have found irregularly or haphazardly, spaced and are dis to be very satisfactory and which comprises the tributed over'the entire surface. following ingredients in the approximate amounts - The nail .stippling may be carried out with a device having a number of projecting nails or pins spaced, about one-half inch apart. The nails may be four-penny nails which are on the order of a scant one-sixteenth of -sa Inch In diameter, .but the spacing and size of the- nails oan be varied if desired. The pointed ends of the nails preferably project from the base-or f ydrated lime ___ ______ ______ ___- Pounds 89% sbestos fib er________ ___________ io naming agent___:__ ______________ " .-it 'a te r---------------------; -- ----------- 140 he hydrated lime, asbestos, and the foaming 16 agent xnay.be premixed in a A t state' and may go -"SAMPLE 1 6 4 2 2 '" '-" Sample PFZ 0057 transported; in- thla oondttloa to bass, to the. job * In. aerating the composition by mechanical agi or eoastrueWon work where the piaster la.to, be uss& . At this, point the <^rv material may. be mixed with water and the mlxfcure may be aerated tation, we prefer to use a. mixer having blade* an d to which, a folding action la im parted to the plastic macs by such blades.. We have found th at toppjodiieetne cells or-bubbles therein.. Ararat!nr 5 very satisfactory results are obtained when the i t may; be generally preferable to supply ,our acoustical plaster composition to the Job in a dry state,' i t may, to some, cases, be. desirable to. dehver th& composition to the job to a ready-mixed. above-described composition is aerated by agita tion for about fifteen minutes or somewhat longer to a Jaeger plaster mixer, type #6-SVi operating at a speed of about 43R. P.M ., Although wqhave mentioned tbjs particular mixer, lt'wW be.under lime may.be a regular or conven- stood, of course, that various other BtotoB.devices- tionat hydrated- lime o f the hind used by- the. could be. used and th at the period of agitation building trades, or, preferably, may.be a finishing .. may be varied.somewhat to.accordance. with, the grade of- hydrated lime, such as a rmlnmltln lima particular mixing apparatus employed,. haying about 83% of the total oxides hydrated, is The- acoustical, plaster- resulting from the In, our Improved plaster the amount of hydrated above-described composition and method opera lime used is substanWally greater than 6frpercent tions is of a readily-workable creamy consistency: by wetijifit of the solid content as Indicated,to.the and after- drying has a .density of about 18 to 23 above..example and, conversely, toe amounts of .pounds per cubic foot, "m is density value, comes, asbestos.'fiber and foaming.- agent used are todl- 20 within the!"range"of I V tif a f pounds per cubic iHfftifrHyCftwri also, collectively sa^stactially less foot and this fact may be taken as ah indication than. CO!per cent, by weight of- the solid content. th at our.- plaster is a. good acoustical plaster. The hydrated Mma constitutes the. main- Ingre- Likewise:this density, value falls within the ra h # tha iZ&piQVedplftStd? of. 18 to 35 pounds per cublo foot, which, may be cam accordingly be- defined aa comprising h i- us taken aa an indication th at our plaster is also dtoted time, to a major proportion and asbestos a good workable plaster. fiber and foaming agent to.a minor proportion. The plaster 12 shown.to the photographic, re -TSiftHmftshould be to-a fine condition, prefera productions of Figs. 3 to 6, inclusive, represents bly. suohTHat.9B% .will pass,through a loo; mesh- a.set Plaster which has been produced in the mah- screen and 160% wifi pass, through s 30, mesh 30 ner above explained and applied directly, to, the s o re .- m etal lath ti. This piaster contains, the above- fFhn. aahtsto may be to the form. ot. medium mentioned minute cells or air bubbles whloh. axe length fibers, as mentioned above, although ea- distributed, throughout the plaster from the front . bestos of-vaxiouaother fiber lengths could be used, to the back thereof and which serve to entcah ' w a could also use any one of too. other fibrous 35 and dissipate sound waves or vibrations and also materials mentioned above or- various combina retard the transfer, of heat. The. ability of our tions: of these fibrous materials. The. amount of plaster to absorb sound is. materially, increased the, fibrous, material to be used can be- more or by the surface.stippling thereof, and particu less, than tbs-10% Indicated to the above exam larly by the formation of the. passages or chan ple, depending upon the characteristics desired 40 nels 1.7a In the plaBter by the nail stippling op- to the piaster and th e use to which the plaster is eratlon, The holes IT a t the outer ends of these to.be put; ..... i . .passages, or channels remain open and: readily --, The foaming agent: is. a m aterial which wiH 'admi.t tbe sound waves or vibrations.' Stoop the serve to,'decrease- to e surface tension and facili ' passages or ohannels ITo extend' Into the blaster ta te tto-iormation of.cells or bubbles to the plas- 45 a: substantial distance beyond the outer face i tic maos, A m aterial which we have found es thereof; (hey will serve to' conduct the sound pecially suitable for this purpose Is the substance waves or vibrations, into the plaster and' ,will known commercially a s "DuponoI WA" and which enable these waves or vibrations to reach many 1 a Rnri^nm salt nf n.n alcohol auiprmte, more spe more of the small cells. The' high sound-absorb cifically a sodium sulphate of technical laurel al- bo ing capacity: of our above-described, stippled cohOb 'rne amount of roaming agent to be used . cellular acoustical plaster Is Indicated by the fact may pe greater or less than th at specified above th at by careful test it has been shown to have depending upon the degree of aeration required, a nplse- reduction coefficient of .65- or higher M thirtinw of aeration, and the character of aerat compared with .03 which 1s usually taken as the ing equipment used. bs noise-reduction coefficientof conventional plaster. ' depending upon the degree of workability and A wall or ceiling to which our acoustical plaster other, characteristics desired to. the plaster oom- has been applied can be left to the condition ob POBittyp, th e amount of water to be used may be tained by- the above-mentioned brush and nail - greater or less than th a f mentioned to the above stippling or, if desired-, the. stippled surface-can ' example, eo be painted to' further improve its appearance or The above-described composition is aerated by to obtain certain color effects. When paint is ap meohapical mixing or agitation as Indicated plied to our stippled plaster, it-sliould be applied above. Fpr this purpose the composition may be by spraying and; although various kinds of paints mixed, qz beaten for a period of two to- fifteen. can be used; we prefer a. cold-water or casein minutes, after which it will usuallyTB TbUffilTRB.'F'os paint. tpa,1Plastic, mass has increased considerably, to As indicated above, our improved plaster can volume, an d has minute air cells or bubbles dis b* applied to backing material other than a re tributed throughout and th at the. oomposlWon.is ticulated backing as represented by the metal now of a creamy consistency. The mixture can M b II. For example, it may be applied tcrplam be- agitated or beaten for a period somewhat 70 or imperforate- backings formed of poured con jnpgftg. than, fifteen minutes, if this is necessary crete-, concrete, block; cinder blook, old painted to obtain cne desirea aons&tenoy and degree of plaster surfaces, gypsum lath, insulating board, aeration, but the agitating or beating should be day tile, gypsum tils, or bride and to backings stopped,before the air cells: 0 bubbles begin to formed, of various other materials. In applying breakdown. 7# our acoustical blaster to. the. other backings Just SAMPLE 16423 Sample PFZ 0058 2,600)081 1 8 nipnttnneri, we find It' desirable to first treat or Having thus described our Invention, we claim: cover ?the surface with a thin ooat of calcined- L The method of making a plastered sound- gypsum plaster and water, and after this ooat absorbing wall or structure of the oharaoter de has been permitted to dry for a 'short time, our scribed which comprises,.forming a plastic plaster acoustical plaster ean.be applied directly to the of a creamy consistency and good workability by backing by the usual hawk and trowel methods, mixing hydrated lime.In a major proportion of instead or uhIob a c&lolnea-KVMum_nlaster and the solid content of said plastic plaster, a fibrous Water cO&ting, we oau-use a similar coating com filler and sodium sulphate of technical lauryl prising water and either Portland cement, Keene alcohol as a- foaming agent In minor proportions cement. Lumnlte cement, or magnesium n w . 10 of said solid content and water, aerating the mix- chloride c_e_m_ent. tuxra hb*y maenchahniincal agitation for apnpnroximately' T in Pigs, 7 and 8 we show our Improved cellular fifteen minutes:,to form and distribute .minute plaster I t applied to an imperforate backing 10 hollow bubble, eells -throughout the plastlo .plas to provide a sbweture having good sound-ahsorb- -t-e-r-, -and_ then applying the plastic plaster ,thus lng add heat-insulating properties and which Is 10 Produced directly to a suitable backing as a layer juable fo rc e m o s but IS"BSpuBmlfy suitable for by trowlin and permitting said layer to become sidewalls. In this case the baoklng 19 Is poured dry and set. . ' concrete the face of which has been treated or 8.V covered with a thin ooat 20 formed of ealolned- . a ^ uomposttion which upon mixing with gypsum plaster and water of any o f the other 20 ^ ater aeration by-meobanictd agitation pro- eemeatitlmis materials mentioned above. 'T h e duces a homogenous plastlo plaster of a creamy ^ tl^ ^ o n ifo te ^ ffic k ^ S 2 T .B tfW . B 5 a 5 ^teow TSrnfBCOat?ahythBUBUalhaWk25 S . The.surface of tee plaster layer 18 te S te ,-.7 tools aadwhlAqompoaltion In Its applied and set can be roughened, as by. the stippling herein and dry condition forms an acoustical plaster disclosed, or can be .-troweled smooth, add -.can layer of a density of approximately .-IB to .'83 1 . s i i s S t a i L MMb 'f & s a s s 1 tout an W ith * Ml u llitM ek o t av ail- tional finishing lime can be applied over our 1m- ISS proved plaster .18. .The coat 21 can be troweled smooth and paint or wallpaper can be applied as thereto, The plaster used in the layer 18 of Wge. 86 **" * " g * * g " * * " * ^ * J and 8 oan be according to the example' given above, .but we prefer to decrease the specified a80tmUlilnmorsuplrpo5p,Botretioon! atesohanfiooBami lianugryalgeanlctoahnodl -Iinn ambunt of asbestos fiber to 8% by weight or an amount to produoe said bubble cells during thereabouts, particularly where a .high degree of 40 gsai"d ymgixgin:gTMand" aeration byy. mechanical aaggltaa-- Cworkahfilty of the plaster Is not required such as J*0 L when the composition is to be applied to a side wall structure: In the structures of Mgs. 7 and 8 shipment thereof to a desired point of use with the plaster layer I t is of. the cellular oharaoter out appreciable deterioration. _ - ve described .the minute for our Improved plaster and ceils dispersed throughout the if, RALPH It. DICKEY. ' ' .CHESTER R, AUSTIN. same from front to back thereof and has good ARNOLD E. PAVUSH. sound-absorbing and heat-insulating character istics. , ... *. , -REFERENCES CITED ` Prom the drawings and the foregoing desorlp- fi The following references are of reoord in the tlon it' will be readily understood th a t we.have file of this patent: -. Provided a n acoustical plaster which, by season of Its cellular- or porous nature and other char .I- UNITED'STATES PATENTS ' acteristics, provides an'effloient sound-absorbing Number ^Name.- -Date'- medium- for use on waUs.or ceilings. -Xt-wlll also os ' -be.understood te a t our acoustical plaster can be 485,108 Tucker Deo. 16,1891 932,318 . Pfleum er-----i:i^_'A ug.'24, 1909 jeconbmicaUy produced and prepared and can be ' 1,197,958 Sabine. -- ------ Sept. 12,1016 .aptjUetl -directly to metal la te or other backing -1,241,211 Sept, 85,1917 by ordinary trowettoflMCnods. The cellular na 1,858,830 Comerma__ Nov. 18,1920 tu re of our improved plaster and the fibrous on binder:embodied therein render our plaster more 1.691.752 1,082,988 Ferguson____:____ July 8, 1928 Rymarcztok._ Sepf. 4, 1928 flexible than--conventional gypsum plaster and . 1,782,383 Grelder : L i-._N ov.18,1030 Ifessjlikely to crack as the result of-movements-or - 1.804.753 Douglas - - - May 12^ 1931 vibrations of tee building. Because of Its resist 1,883,980 N elson__ -June 21; 1938 ance to cracking our plaster can be applied In a as V1,900,522 - Sabine. relatively thinner-layer and tee weight of m ate- 1,906,123, Eaton - ---i-i'M a r. 7,1983 .'A pr. 28,1953 -rial needed to plaster a given area will be much 1,946,914 :;';-ew . ' - ;Peb.T 8,1934 less than If conventional plaster were used. In 1,968,489 - 2,037,805 J e n k in s . .J July 3.-1SS4 New rv -.----r.----.-A pr. 21, 1938 .the foregoing detailed description It will be noted th at we-have emphasised the high sound-absorb- 70 8,042,487 .gtoan ---------- June 3,1986 lag capaolty of our novel acoustical plaster and have purposely employed .the term '.'sound-ab 8,088,233 Erleson-L.:_^:-:^-- Li1Oct.T9,1937 ,2,205,735 .S chm er-.U iiJ:^ -.v .1Jjmb35;-'.ltf40 sorbing" -to distinguish from those acoustical FOTOHQNpatents y: I plasters whloh retard sound transmission but Number ' C ountry :r b ,v tV-.Dato vl.~ have" only a low sound-absorbing quality. r fs - 448,477 O reat Britain . . -- . ---.',.1936 `SAMPLE 16424 Sample PFZ 0059 * ilt55 KfcHtKfcl^C EXAMINER R I* D1CKEY ETAL .. m s m m nsthod or r u s m x m O riginal F ila i A prli 21. 1942' ' 2,556,031 3 Sbi*to-ie#t 8 /H W C N ro m a SAMPLE 16425 ` Sample PFZ 0060 wnuaa KurcntfvwL u\nnm ui Ju n e 5, 1S S 1 a t* d ic k ey et a l 2,556,031 i m s m amd ten o r aA spazm i f |3 i i i i t II I I } SAMPLE 16426 Sample PF2 0061 ; UKU55 KU-tHtNCE EXAMINER .H: .''W***i* Juit*5,1951 ^ a u dickey et Ai. 2,556,031 . f. PLASTER m method of PU Sm iN S, . ' Origin! Fiirt April 21 , 19 ! '*'1 * 3 I t /7 & S //V V SN T o St & A t,M t . D /ctfa .:y H csTeM , r fi/s r /n /jr A /o t.0 e v i /s h - r t m a e n s r s -. SAMPLE 16425 Sample PFZ 0060 1 U 0 7 0 . 0 . . . >. i". . IIMr u*.,MM.MU*. *****, , t '** 11 ;* Junes, a 'L w c k b v ktal. ? ' ; 2^ S 6,031 ,. . . ... .. ; rfo, > *. V K jum il ARB METHODOF lUSTfRIRB ^ ' y-V'&V i ?y .-*** V.d I . . . ^ , " f ,1 * Original m * i April 2XV1948'<\ . , , , , "*,.>' ' iiu. . . ................... -- ......... 1 SAMPLE-16427 Sample PFZ 0062 106 I * S A M P L t 16418------:--------------- ---------- Sample PFZ 0053 - 5- BONDXRG AGENTSi Ha do not raconaand th a uaa o f K lln o laa ovar a s p h a lt em ulsions o r sim ila r bonding aganta, Product* auch a* 'P U ater-W eld -, 'L in k ', and 'D uraveld' ara b eat a u lta d Cor th la purpose. Whan a p p lie d In a t r l c t accordance w ith th aae manuf a c t u r a r a ' a p e c lC lc a tlo n , and uaad In CuLl a tr a n g th , auch bonding aganta w ill h o ld K lln o la a to any su rfa c e except those covered v lth v i t a r so lu b le p a in ts . Always apply K lln o lse d i r e c t l y over th e bonding agent never use a gypsum brown coat between then. 4/2/6S SAMPLE 16417 Sample PFZ 0052 CROSS REFERENCE fcXAWUNtK J u n e s , 1951 R.U. DICKEY et al 2,556,031 PUSTBH AHD HBTHQD OF PUSTKHIKO OrisiBBl 1 M Aprii 21 19 |I 11 I F 9 & .3 B M P LE 16410' Sample PFZ 0054 Ju n e s , 1951 ' r u ehckby e t au . ,. PLAOTER. HDSHO Of PUSERIHO . O riental ru a d A prii 2X. 19 *", : ./* . 3 2,5 5 6 ,0 3 1 3 A <** w s/vro A g s *u >m . O /c A te r H C sreM t & A u s t n F01 ' rfrro k rte rs' 2,__________ /. _ * SAMPLE 16420-- * -- Sample PFZ 0055 June 5 , ISSI Sample PFZ 0054  Q < - %%. P aten ted Ju n e 5, 1951 ri 2 ,5 5 6 ,0 3 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE .P. J ; ;|!S3Bfl,0Sl . . rXASTEBiAND METHOD OF PLA8TEBJN& ' ' fiaiphli. Dickey, shaker Heights, and Chester if. Austin and1Arnold E. FavUstt, Colnm&usj Ohio, assignats to'TfteKeJley IslanirijhnS-artd.TfdiiO p a rt Company,- Cleveland, Ohio, Corporation , oi Ohltn . . ' . Original appHoaHOA April 22- life , Serial No. ' - 48ft8TK: Divided and this application August: .{ l,194S;.S*rlalNd. 608,279: . .. = 0 .. ' {' "` iO M taar (01.7*^128!T ` ' ' , .This.invention relates to. an lmpfavad platter shown lh tills tostahcB. andT.aCovering:or.'facing having high. sound-absorbing. properties, tchd. to IT thereon o f acoustical'piaster. The compost* 'a , novel v ail, or celling construction u&ing, the Hon of the piaster and its characteristics-which sain easan acoustical,plaster. give rise tb. its adouatfcarprapeftteg' will, be dc= >, Tills application Is a division of out.earlier ap scrlbedhereinafter: plication, Serial.No. 429,g76,.ffiecLAprtl'2l;.Ifl42`) The piaster I ro a n bra appited'to the n te ts iia ih now ,abandoned.. ! or other. Backing directly, that- ls,.wftHcW . the .-.. Ahr'object of o w invention,la ta pnSvrde *.I<5W need lo r firs t applying, a base'such,as ft-scr-eaifed ..cost acoustical plaster which can Be. dSflv'eted'to "scratch, coat" oh a So-called', "brawn coat**'of thfejeb either lh a.dry condltioh.to. be mixed.'bj io conventional: or- fida-acotistfcal''. plaster;.':`.<5f thu plasterer or m-a.ready-mlxedcandUioh,,aiId course, it te;0t imperative' tHaf-otir plaster. &g an. be applied ta metaLlath or other. Babklhg By applied' directly to the' haddnk Wit there ate the. usual hawk, and-trowel method", arid. Which im portant advantages lh ddlhg. SO' because the has. a, sound-absorbing- capacity, comparing fa- use. o f a- preliminary Coat" or hose such as th g ., - ybrablK with.-that of.many BfeherPricCctacaUff- is above-mentioned scratch addBtoWff coats.IS* lubalplaster- which require speofal.handllag' afid quires additional materigr ami labor and -tlSuiifly methods In their preparation or*application. . Another, object of. our invention,is. ta provide an. improved acoustical plaster fdr.dJrtectrappll- must, be perm itted to dry before:the addtJBtfCtti plaster.cahbS applied thereto. The application o f our plaster to the m etal lath or other ,backing . cation to o wait'or celHn'g--.structure, add having au can be done by the usual hawk and trowelmethod .n. porous or oelluliar. characteristic obtained' by and does not require any special sidlfother-thinl i of cementitious mater^ and th at possessed By a competent plasterer; , pur . i|LJlw,_ ii-mrw-'mWMW pl&StOI^ OftU't)G. ft* ttC&filTOt , Ejeet.of thls lnventlOrt la to provide' tag. or, Ii preferred, lm nultlple layers aa'ltt Cases an acoustical. pfaster.wEloh.Iaof acelttU&fStrtrc- 25 where' ail' increased thickness o f the:plastermay tiire from the face,to th e bach thereof and Which be desired for a very high sound-sbsorbing-ca* lias, spaced, cJpen oKatisiela c&t&idixti A ` pacity. ........ j fcial.dlstance into tiia.plaster, for ddfnlttitig:dotind Itr the: structure* illustrated Ur Hg; i \ e s3tb Vihraticms.to, cells inwardly dfltgiace. the plaster li as having-been applied-to the metal gtBt another dbiCcfof'out. fiiVeatlda.lS'.ttf pro- 30 lath II la.twocdats oriayeisU a-and lift- The. vide.a novel wall or celling..structure embodying plaster fe applied in'ar plastic and:Workshfe ebrh- 'orte Jas plaster.. dltlon which can; be convcnlentiy haadted' By Other, objects and.adv'ahteg'es. of. the. Inven- Hawk and'trowel; The first octet Op*layer-i2iili tiomwill .he. apparent, from the fdlltiwing'dSScflption .when taken tebCdluncCon With the accdttHpanniiyitttnriigv ssihiaeae^tss ongfVdlrwanwnrlft^itgnSd', lan .WhICH .. .Fig..-his a.plan.view sh'dtvln'g & portion o f:a wall.or.celling having our improved plaster therSr au.and.'showing. diO etent Stages. of"appIIdatlOtti ',,Fig. 21 fa a eroSs-sectlOH taken: through. the stru ctu re of. Fig. I. a i Indicated, b y section, rate j . ; ' Hg< a & ^reproduction of.a pbot'Ogr'apM.CfthC outer, face.or. surfaOs o f our, fifiprdVedpiaster';', 1 l?gr 4:is a reproduction d f an enlaiged'pHofc.- graph of th e outer face, d r surface or: th e im proved piaster; Fig, 5 is a ,reproduction., of; a photograph of a CrosSrseotfon takart.tErdugh.a sfchctufe eintiddy.Idg the. improved phateir; Vv'. -. . Ffg. ff.Is ^reproduction.of an.enlarged.photo, graph of a portion of the cross-sectfon shoWtt hi E3g,4l.and figs. 7 and 8 are sectional views.taken tbrw ah' Other forms o f a waff or'celling structure.eihp bodying our Improved p iaste r.'.'; In Fig. Xwe show,a wall or ceiling Structure. IS embody.lng. our Unproved" acoustical piaster. T---h-t-r--w--a--ll-1-o--r-.-o-e-lB--n-g-'-s-t-i-iu--e-t-iu--r-e--c-a--m- -p--rSe_tfaTMsu-fte abte Backing- If, WhioS-m ay Be ntetef lath- as applied with stiffleieht pressure t o fo'rbe eho-ugfi 35 of the plaster throngh th em eto iatK to form rd* - ttAa(m*i4ini<gv Ikreanyas lITi'wwilhtlficsHit Aprmo!jIAeac4t.-from-the back of th r iath as shown.fa Figs: S eatd'Sl' ThS obat l'2a may have s'depth or thickness1Ofabottfrone- . quarter of an Inch measured from the the* ot'. M the lath o r backing,- although-this thlcKneStf catt be-varied. This coat need have only a reason^ ably or generally smoothattildxte^ and- it is licit necessary- that- all- o f the' troWet marks' be smoothed out: a very shortly'an the first coat112?has1been applied, th at lss within a period of about twenty minutes; the seoCnd Coat liW oaa be appHed hy troweling it directly onto the flfst1coat. Thq second coat may also have et-thickness- o f about GO one-fourth of an' inch and may Be trowried sudolently to glvo lt a smooth finish and; to-cause moisture and fine m aterial to come to the surface sd th at somewhat ofa surface ertastWillbe formed on the plaster-when it has-set. This crust'iiFde eg slrable-because it strengthen the tester and renders It better able to resist oraCkUg; orttafbllng, or dusting. W hen bur Improved' plaster' is applied'1ae a single layefj It- IS- troweled onto th e bacWViG1' M 0 sCthat gome of tfte-pWatei iif fdrcSd'thiough Dig SAMPLE 16421 Sample PFZ 0056 D io- .. P a te n te d J u n e 5 1951 4 5 5 6 ,0 3 1 : UNITED: STATES PATENT OFFICE ,-ii ' KtASTEBiAN-Dv ..jM4E8T8H8O,0D-O.F PIiA8TEHJNi S o m e , Dicker, Shaker HWgfctt, and fiheetet . Attili SnipArnold-B. FavUsU, CoInmSn; Ohio. lUaUfMatntoTHe-KHerIsttnJT.lme artdT rti. -pntOodBHO; Cleveland, Ohio, a Corporation , ot.Qhta mainai appuesmn Apra zi itts , Serial no, -- 48m : Divided and fhU Application-Anna, i M 84 Serial NO. 608,874 . .. j :- ....... -iciatas- ' .This.Invention relates to sai Improved plaster having high sound^absorblng. properties. Bi,tu -a, novel- welt, os celling- coDatftiottb tttag, tue asBto buftcoustlcBli.plftsfcr, * ^ This application b a division ofOui.eaflle ap- phoatloa, Serial, No. 489,878,,filed.A prtt'l',.IMS', naW/Btiiuidondt,. .. \ Ah-obJect'of oup Invention.ta ta ptivrdfc tK tt - IPt *Ifj.". shown ih .tu b msi&noB, and.* corona: or,-facing IT thweon of atoduatieal plaster. th tt cOmtWBtd Hon o f the piaster and Its cKattwterietidrwhlSil glVe rise to. 1th iWouiticarproperties will. Be d0= BorUjedfaereinaiter, . The w aster i f can w ppiiid'to- th ntettdiifti or other, backing directly, tta to lil.wwittiit`.tiM need lor first applying,a baae such-as a-str-caftoo , coat dcoustieal plaster whioh can.Baditvefd'M ."scratch; cost" o f g so-called'. `TjroWti cast1" or th n jeb either in a-dry oonditloit.to.be tafited'b nj conventional; r- W-acotuttcei". ptasttf' "d th a plasterer or ta'-attadyrnteicdH dtitoa,,M ifi course, it is.not imperative ttMtl otfrpfe*tetv&8 osm,be applied ta metal-lath or other,Booking By applied' directly to the Backing; out there m the. usual hawk and- trowel method', afid. which important advantage* in doing, so becmgrv the 'I baa. a, sound-absorbing, capacity, comparing ftt- use, of' a. preliminary float' or base s&cbr a* thg , verahiz with-that of.many higher PricSitaeoiMV 18 above-mentioned scratch arnr Brown ousts re? tfcatplasters- whioh require special.handHfig Slid quires additional nuteriar and labor and, litugfly methods In their preparation or*application. must, be permitted to- dry before.' the acoustical Vi . Another object o f Our invention,la. ta provide piaster,can be applied thereto; The application ah. improved acoustical- plaster fcir. direct appli of our plaster to the metedlath or other booking. cation to n wall or ceiling.structure, and having 1) can be done by the usualhawk and trowelnfttfiod .Okparous or cellular.characteristic obtained.'By and does not require any special sWU'othaftfta* r-*--------------------------- *atic!-- -............ . that possessed By a. competent plasterer; p ta piaster can' be. applied as single layer dr'-oow^ Blpet-ofthisInventlon is tb provide' t_a_g_,_o_r_, _a_p_r_e_le_r_r_e_d_,_n_n_n_u_lti_p_le__la_y_e_r_s_n_r_i_n_c_a_s_es an acousHoaipiaster.wEiohis.of acellular striro* gl where art'.increased thickness ortH epiSterm ** ture from the face to -the badi thereof'amfwfilbh be desired for a very high ooand-absorb.lij-eff pmiftd.rtpmn nKnrtpuUi g - pacity. fc&I.distance tato .tha Rister.for admitting;Sound Itr th e structure- fflustnstW Hr rig.-V W start VibratioM.to oells tawardiy Ofltsface. the piaster lia s having Been applled-to th m etti 'Stitt another dfljotfof'or.taVeattita.S.tifffitt- lath if ta.two costs or layers'I la-afid'lift- Tft vide novel -wall or cefltog.structure embodying piaster is applied ta ' plastic andiWoikahlf con, 'oitacellular plaster.. dition Whioh' coir be- convWnlentiy fcandftd' H . -Cither, objects and.: advantages of. the. ihvfen- Hawk and fcrdWW, The first cOWfo r lay er (Zit-fl tio k will.He.apparent, ffota the ibUewtagdescribe' aptaied with sufficient pressure to- l tte ehugft Sion.when taken ta conjunotion With (HO aoooin- as of the piaster through-Ow m etti tato to fo rn irti ponying sheets aTdrawtagSVta.Whichi tatatag keys 18 which proJOct frOta thc baric of JPfg.-Lls a.praxuvfew show ingi portion o l th e-lata a t shown ta rigs; JfaSd'B' Th wtat Wau.OE.calltaghavingoOr ItaftrOvadplaSt tile rs IZa may have depth or thickness"6fiaboaohe- . on.end,'showing, fe ttttf Stages, o r application; quarter of an Inch measured- from the fece- of' >.. Kg. Stia * cross-aectldrt taken.-through, the to ttie lath o r backing,- although-toft-(hloimegrcan structure o f.rig .'.I. a t indicated, by section. IOU be-varied. This coat need Bevo- only a usata *^-*V ' ' Hg, 8 &ereproduotion r.photOgiapMxJfUt ably or getferafiy smooth-soridpee^ and- i t if ndt necessary thaff- ail- o f the" troWet- ta a tk r Be outer, face oj.surfseg o f ottf.ffnprovid'pIftterY. ' smoothed oats J38, A li a reproduction o f an eniataet . go- a Veiy-sHortiyaftw the first coat' If* ho Been graph of tifa outer fdOe.Or. su fffib elerttg tais applied, th a t 1 within a period of about twenty proved pteeteff . , minutes: the-second coat 13V can be applied By tag, 8 is a reproduction, of:i photograph' Of a troweling It dlroofly onto th tiftV coat, THq erosirseoUOa token.,through.a structure etaHcdy- second ooat may also have s-thioless-of'Shout irig fha improved plaster; ' qo one-faurtb of an taeh and may Hotroweled suffi . STg. 8.1 ajreproduotlon-of an.enlarged,photo oientiy to give It- * smooth finish and to-cause graph of a portion of the oross-BeotfOn shown ta moisture and fine materiaf tocotae to the surface B3g,4jand sOthat somewhat of surface cttktwififtarfdrined rigs, T and 8 are sectional views .taken through, t o_n__t_h_e_p_l_a_st_er-..w._h_e_n_f_t_h_a_r_i_te_i__T_h__is_ _on_n__t'_hf_de'* other forms o f a waif r' celling strasture,enb- '## slrabia-beoause it strengthens the piaster and b' oIdny,irnigg.ou1rwime sphroovwe,da pwlaaslIteorr."od' i!l.n, g struotiiro..!# render if better aMe fb resisi- cracking: citata bllng, or dusting. -. - embodying, our Uhp'rovedT 'acoustical' plaster. When tir improved' plaster ta applied"as- TKirwaiPw.oeianrstfnefbrt caaprSes-rsoftt Single layer, if i* trowdd olito thdbscKtag'H able baefetatf- H, Whfofi-may- iW Bifrtaf' lath- as so sOthat some ait tHe-oMaftlt IkfdrcSd'thttugh riuj SAMPLE 16421 Sample PFZ 0056 tMbaported la- tala'auuttttoo to ban to tha. Job or construction work when teaplaelerlxtoibe ues& Ab this point te |}rr material may- h mixedwith water andtha mixture maybeaeretod to tenduesthe oeilor bubble*tberain. AMflBff lb may be generally preferable to supply-. acoustical plaster composition to tha Job in a dry state; lk may, in same, cam be desirable to. dan-- mnwHnn to tha Inhto a ready-mUmd *m aerating tha composition by mechanicalagltattoo, we prefer to use a mixer having blades and in w hleha folding action is imparted to tha plsstlo mass by such blades. We base found that very satisfactory results axe obtained when the above-described composition is aerated by agita tion for about fifteen minutes or somewhat longer in a Jaeger-platter mixer, type #6-8?. operating; at speed of about 48RIP. Mi. Althoughw^bava ___ tllm em ay.bea regular os conven io mentioned this particular tatter, it.wUi be.understood, of course, th at various other mixing,device tional hydrated lime o f the kind used by- tha. hugging trades, or, preferably, may be a finishing cento ('hydrated Hina such aa Dolomltlc Ume haying about 83 of the total oxides nyoratea, In,our improved plaster tha amount of hydrated lime used Is substantially greater thsnSO-peroent by weight of the solid content m indlosted.in.the above; example and, conversely, the amounts of aebestoafibes and foaming- agent used are \ndlvjUhuliyi and also oollectivaly substantially, less than.V i pea cant,by weight of-tha solid content . TOO-hydrated Ume constitutes the main lngredfenbet tha composition,and the Improvedplaster can, accordingly be. defined on comprising hx- in a m ajor proportion, and. asbestos fiber and foaming agent is. a. minor proportion. be in a fine oondition, prefers.65% .will pass,through a 108.mesh to d 100 witt pas, through 8ft mash ; could be. used and th at the period of agitation ..- may be varied,aomewbat lp.accordance, with, tha particular mixing apparatus employed. M The- acoustical, plaster- resulting from tbe above-described composition and method opera. tlons is of-a readily-workable creamy consistency and after drying be* -g!"1*? 18' .pounds per cubic foot, "This density vaiue.com. \HflEE"TEK"raB85"onSi-1& 3f pounds per eublft foot and this foot may be taken as an indication that our.- plaster ia a. good aooustical plaster.. - Likewise,this density,value falls wlthkoie range of. 18 to 35 pounds per oublo foot which, spay he. 28 taken as an indication that our plaster 1: also .. a goodworkableplaster, The plaster 13shown,in the phoJograRhlc.re productions of Figs. S tag, inclusive; represents a set plaster which has been produced to themsn30 ner shove explained and applied directly, to-tha Keen.- - m etal,lath il. This plaster aontaina.the above- `Zhejubcataunejc be in the farm o^sudiUHL. mentioned minute cells or air bubbles whioh.a rt nrthflbera. aa mentioned above, although as- distributed throughout the plaster from the front ntoeofvarlous.other fiber lengths couldbe used, to the back thereof end whioh serve to entrap Wei could: also use any one of the. other fibrous to and dissipate sound waves or vibrations and.also materials mentioned above or- various combina retard tbe transfer, of beat. Tha ability of our tion of these fibrous-materials. The-amount of plaster to absorb sound is. materially Increased the. fibrus. material to be used can be- more or by the surfaos.stippling thereof, and particu- lees,than the-10 indicated In the above exam Jariy by the formation of the. passages or chan- ple. depending upon the characteristics desired 40 nels I te in the plaster by the nail stippling op- in tha plaster and the,use to which th a plaster is -ration, Tbe holes IT a t the outer.ends of these to.bepufe ................... .passages ox channels remain open and:readily The foaming agent is. a m tala* which- udll `admit tbe sound waves or vibrations/ Since the serve t#f$5eiasatBil?surface tension and faoUi- 'passages or channels IVo extend'into the piaster tata-the-formatton of ceils or hubbies in the plae- 45 a. substantial distance beyond the outer faoe i tic mate. A m aterial whioh we have found es ' thereof; they will serve to' conduct the spunfl pecially suitable for this purpose is the sufaatanoe waves or vibrations. Inter the plaster and-.will known comnyercWly "Puponol WA" and which enable these waves or vibrations to reach many Is a sodium salt of an alcohol amnate, more ape- more of the small oelb. The high snund-absorb- cfflnaHy a sodium sulphate of technical laurel al- fio ing capacity- of our above-deseribad stippled _____ remount of foaming agent to cellular acoustical plaster is indicated by the fact maybe greater ox less than th at specified above th at by careful test it has been shown to- have depending- upon the degree of taxation required, ft noise- reduction eoeffloleat of AS- or higher ea the,time gf aeration, and the character of aerat compared* with .03 which is usually taken- ay the ing equipment uiBd. 53 noise-reduction coefficientof conventional plaster. ; nepqnding-upon the degree of workability and A wall or celling to which our aeoustlaal plaster other characteristics desired in. the plaster-oom- has been applied can be left in-the condition ob serttiqn, the-amount of w ater to be used may be tained by. the above-mentioned brush and natt - greater or less than that"mentioned in the above tippling or, if desired-, the stippled surfsee-oen QjWjnptfti eo be painted to' further lmprove lta appearance or Tha above-described composition la aerated by to obtain certain color effects. When paint leap- mechanical mixing or agitation as indicated plied to our stippled plaster, itsUould be applied shove. Fpr this purpose tne composition may be by spraying and; although various'kinds of paints mixed or beaten for a period of two to- fifteen. can be used we prefer a. cold-water or casein paint. ......... . .. mass has increased considerably, in Aa indicated above; our improved plaater ean volume.&n&has minute air toils or bubbles dis bo applied to booking material other than a re tributed throughout and th at the- composition, is ticulated backing as represented-by the me now of a creamy consistency. The mixture e a n _Jf_e_tb_._il_.__Fo_r_e_x_a_m_ple, it _m_a_y_b_e__ap_p_l_ie_d_t_o_w__i _ be- agitated or beaten for a. period somewhat 70 or imperforate backings formed of'poured"eon- ` " fifteen minute, if this is necessary oreto}. concrete block, cinder block, old painted >obtain the desire consistency and degree of plaster surfaces, gypsum late, insulating board. aeration, but the- agitating- a t beating should be Qlgr tile, gypsum tile, or brlok and to backings ' stopped,before the air ofiUt op bubbles begin-to formed of various other materials. In applying bitefc dfwn. 78 our acoustical plaster to. the. other backings,just SAMPLE 16423 Sample PFZ 0058 transported la- tto&'condttkm to b a n to to- Job xnaerattog the composition by meobanlcatagit o r construction work whero to* plaster it to- be tation, we prefer to use a mixer having bJ&dse, used At thla point the JEUnatSdAl toior ba - a n d ta whloh. a folding action la imported to the mixed with water andthe mixture may be aerated plastic mas* by such blades. We barn found that to pendues tn to ells or bubbles therein. f m m lF s very eatisfaotory results axe obtained when the lb may; be generally preferable to supply ,out above-described composition 1b aerated by agit* acoustic*} plaster composition to the Job In a dry stats} i t may. to same, cases, be desirable, to. de* ccmpoatuon * <*<n *-- tion for aboutfifteen minutes or somewhat longer in s Jaeger plaster mixer, type #8-SV, operating: at aspeedof about48r ; p .H . Although wihave wet condition^ , 1 0 mentioned this parttoular mixer, it will be undetn.' 1 lime may.baa regular or conven- stood, of course, that various other mixingdevice tional hydrated, lime o r the Mod used by the. ; could be. used and th at the period of agitation building trades, or, preferably, may be a finishing .. may be varled.aomewbat ip. accordance, with the grade of; hydrated lime such m a DolomltioUme particular mixing apparatus employed, haying eboot 8351 of the total oxides hydrated, 15 The- acoustical, piaster' resulting from the to ois- improved plaster the amount ot hydrated ' ab0ve*4essribed composition and method opera* lime used Is substantially greater than BO-perocnt . Ucmi Is of a readily-workable oreamy consistencyby weight of the solid content as Indicated.In.the and- after drying has a .density of about 18 to 83 above example and, conversely, the amounts of .pounds per cubic foot. 'T his density value come. Bsbesto'fiber and. foaming: agent used are Ipdl- 20 wllKln `E c'rB ^ S T V tif a pounds per sublet Yidusllg end also, collectively substantially, leas foot and this fact may be taken as an indication than 50 per cent by weight o t th* solid content. that our.- plaster to a. good aoouatloal plaster, Tha hydrated. Mme constitutes the main lngre* dlento tth e composition and the improvedplaster Likewise, this density value falls wMrn tte range of. 18 to 25 pounds per cubic foot which, may be. can accordingly be. defined aa comprising bx* iff taken as an Indication th at our plaster 1; also dinted Mme In a major proportion and. asbestos . a good workable Plaster, fiber and foaming agent to n minor proportion. ' The plaster 12 shown. In the photographic.re* ' ThaMmejboultfcha to a fine condition, prfra* productions of Figs. 3 to 8, Inclusive;, represents bty. such that.95% .wilt pass,through a loo. mesh- a set plaster which bes been produced in toem an- scenes-'and 100% witt p e n through * 80s mash so nier above explained and applied directly, to the screes.- metaUnth It. This plaster aontain*the above* The-jghSBtatoJnay be to the farm of>xDfidlUBL. mentioned minute cells or air bubbles whloharg length'fibers, ag mentioned above, although es* distributed, throughout the plaster from toe iront bestos ofvarious,other fiber lengths couldbe uud> to the bade thereof and which serve to entrs Vtm could: also use any one of toa. other fibrous 35 and dissipate sound waves or vibrations and also materials mentioned above or-various combina* retard toe transfer, of heat. The ability of our" tionaof these fibrous-materials. The amount of plaster to absorb sound is. materially. Increased the.fibrous.material to be used can be-more or by the surface.stippling thereof, and portlcu* less, than the-10% indicated in the above exam* larly by toe formation of toe. passages or ohan* pie, depending upon toe characteristics desired 40 nela If a to toe plaster by toe nail stippling op to tb s plaster and.th use to which toe plaster Is oration, The holes IT a t the outer, ends of to n e tp.beput. ................... ' -> The foaming agent is. a material: which will serve tfj 'coreas tn surface tension and facto- tateths-form atlon ofcejls or bubbles In the plas- . passages or channels remain open and: readily admit the sound waves or vibrations.' Stone toe 'passages or Channels IVo extend'Into the plaster a. substantial distance beyond toe outer face >tic mass, A m aterial which we have found es- thereof; they will serve to' conduct the spend peolaSy suitable for tola purpose is toe substance known commercially as "Puponol WA" and which is a sodium salt of an alconni suipnate, more ans- waves or vibrations. Inter toe plaster and1.will enable these waves or vibrations to reach many more of the small cells. The high soupd-absorb- cMoaMv a sodium sulphate of technleal laurel al- so Ing capacity of our above-desorlbed stippled cohol. xne mount of foaming agent to be used. cellular acoustical plaster is indicated by the fact may be greater or less than th at specified above th at by careful test It has been shown to have depending upon the degree of aeration rew ired. * npise reduction coefficient of M3 or higher u to,time of aeration, and toa character of aerat- compared with .09 which le usually taken- a toe tog equipment used. m noise reduction coefficient of conventional plaster. ' Depending upon toe degree of workability and A wall or celling to whieh our acoustical plaster other characteristics desired to. toe plaster- 00m- has been applied can be loft in-too condition ob- nesttiqp, the. amount of water to be used may be talned by- the above-mentioned brush and noli greater or less than th a t mentioned in the above stippling or, if desired-, the stippled surface-oan example. eo bo painted to further improve Its appearance or Th above-described composition Is aerated by to obtain certain color effects. When paint Is ap* mechanical mixing or agitation aa Indicated pUed to our stippled plaster, itsttould be applied above. For this purpose the composition may be by spraying and; although varlous ktods of paints mixed! or beaten for a period ot two to- fifteen.. can be used; we prefer a. cold-water or casein minutes, after whieh It will usuallyTSBlOQBffV2nV*o5 paint. the, Plastic, mass has increased considerably, to Aa Indicated above, our improved plaster oan volume, and has minute air oells or bubbles dis- b applied to booking material other than a re- ttibuted throughout and th at the.composition. Is tleulated backing os represented-by the met*), now of a creamy consistency. The mixture oan jqth. II. For example, It may be applied toTSSm be- agitated or beaten for a period somewhat 70 or Imperforate backings formed of poured con- t-hjj" nffaian minutes, if this is necessary crate-, concrete Hook; cinder block, old painted to obtain the desirea consistency and degree of plaster surfaces, gypsum lath, Insulating board, aeration, but the agitating a t beating should be elpy tile, gypsum tile, or brick and to backings stopped before the air cell os bubbles begin to formed of various other materials. In applying tetek down, i f our acoustical Plaster to the. other backings,just SAMPLE 16423 * >  UKSS K u-tR trec EXAMINER A* Ju n e S, 1951 n .`i* d ic k e y e t al 2 ,5 5 6 ,0 3 1 ` . m s m m method o r r u m i i s Original Filai April 21. 1942 . . . 3 Sb.*ts-^heat g i ii ! .j /v fe I iI /A /t/ f* tro K S I fa tP M D jc /r e v C t/c sT r* & & /sr//* m stev o ar SAMPLE 16425 * Sample PF2 0060 1U D oo j > . , *r ./v . `J I. > 'i i 4 ' %s * ! * - / I * * * v '/ * - . , * r , ' x*y; ** . ; ** r < *' * * * . ,, i . , *, y 'f i - i , ' . *- ' V '* * * .* '* * ' * ` M ' y ^ . ; '* ^ \r; t ir* *1 <* '. ; ,.a/ < V. ` " * ' J u n e 5 , 19Sf->'.;^</v;;. a rL d ic k b v t a l 2*S5&091 < < * / i*A ;rV -W -X V - H jia m m m m or < v - ^ y :'X.;j i - . / 'i '* . ,* "S*1# 1 t( *-* ' * ** ** ' . w*. > *. <,, i3 Original ril* d IprU MV-1948'<;. ..' Ctt^-r t; <.'**>* S Sh*t-Sht i'.sisri* ;;< ''. v :. ' V : - X - - - '- .i X t ; 7 ^ ^ : ^ X : . :4 W 1 SAMPLE 16427 L s3 Sample PFZ 0062 CROSS REFERENCE * tu m m tK Ju n e 5, 2951 R. 1*. DICKEY ETAL 2,556,031 PLASTER AMDUBTHODOP KMSRSK Origins! Flltd April 21 1942 - 8 5h*i*-Sh*t 2 I*1* B 'A M H Lt 16419 Sample PFZ 0054