Document aBbx17VeMMG4eYLD3y42qkjL9

Jr Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. April 22, 1929. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) News Items 258 RECENT COURT DECISION IN OHIO. The Supreme Court of Ohio rendered a decision on March 22, 1939, which is im portant with respect to common law recovery for occupational disease. Ohio has always been one of the few states in which the courts have held that there was no cozaaon law right to recover for occupational disease. A film of iav.yers in Marion, Ohio, has, over a period of years, filed numerous actions seeking to recover for silicosis and pneumoconiosis. They urifoimly failed. Mary of these cases were carried to the Supremo Court of Ohio and soveral efforts were mado by then to 6et into the Supreme Court of the United States. Last fall they made an application in tho Supreme Court of Ohio for a rehearing of two cases, to-wit, Triff v. National Bronze & Aluminum Foundry Co., and Smith v. Loud d.b.a. Marion Brass k Bronze Foundry, and the Court granted the applica tion for the rehearing. The cases were reargued in the Supreme Court on January 17th. The employers of Ohio, acting through the Ohio Manufacturers Association, intervened, participated in the argument, and filed an elaborate brief. By a four to three decision, the Court on March 22nd rendered final decision in both coses specifically overruling former decision of the Court end holding that there is a common law right to recover in Ohio for occupational disease. Tho ef fect of the decision with respect to silicosis is somewhat limited in vow of the fact that silicosis has been compensable since the adoption of the amendment to tho Ohio Occupational Disease Act, which amendment became effective July 31, 1937, 259 TOWARD CONTROL OF SILICOSIS III CALIFORNIA. Labor Standards, 2, 24, (Feb. 1939). About three years ago silicosis claims were being filed in large numbers, some times as many as 50 a month, but this number has gradually been reduced and is now about 3 per month, on tho average. It is thought that the reduction has boon the result of extonsive preventive operations carried on during tho past 15 years. 260 ORGANIZED LABOR ON INDUSTRIAL HEALTH. Labor Standards, 2, 24, (Feb., 1939). Attention is called to an editorial in the Jenuary issue""of the American Fodorationalist which states the interest of labor in the promotion of"-indus trial hygiene. The editorial asserts that technical information now exists that ( would protect workers and that it can be put to service through those govern mental agencies charged with promoting the v;clfare of labor. ( terences to Recent Literature - 2. (B) Pacers on Dust, Dust Diseases and General Industrie! Hygiene. 261 SILICOSIS-CASI REPORTS. U Conrozicr and J. Uagnin. Industrial Uedicino, 8, 114-20, (March, 1939). This article, c short notice of which appeared in our January, 1939 Abstracts (No* 16), has been translated fron tho French is is reproduced in pert in Indus trial Medicine for March, 1939. Some of the case-histories of the original paper are presented together with x-ray reproductions. The article, as translat ed, nakos interesting reading inasmuch S3 it is noccssary for the authors, in their presentation, to provo to French physicians that silicosis is a separate disease entity. 262 /T- VENTILATION IN THE GRANITE INDUSTRY. . E.C.J. Urban. Journal Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 21, 57-66, (Marsh, 1939). This article describes the dust control nethods in the granite industry in Vermont. The two most dusty operations ere drilling at the pit end finishing in the shops. Without local exhaust each operation develops concentrations far above a safe limit, set et 10 million particles per cubic foot. The most common pit drill is the leyner drill, a long horizontal bar along which a vertical pneumatic drill is moved, drilling holes every 3.5 inches around the sides of the block. The exhaust on this drill consists of a specielly designed hood built around the drill rod, exhausting 400 cu. ft. of air per min. Portable exhaust units consisting of hood, hose, box for dust-separating screens or bags, exhaust fan end motor, ere available and in common use. In the finishing shops, speciolly designed hoods on flexible rubber hoso are supplied for each machine. Photo graphs and sketches aro included with tho erticle to aid in the descriptions. Proper operation of the available equipment will reduce the operators* dust ex posures to far below the accepted standard of 10 m.p.p.c.f.Included also are the approximate costs of the equipment. 263 PREVENTION OF SILICOSIS IN SANDBLASTERS. H. Sauerteig. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg., 25, 297-305 (1938) (German). The article describes the new regulations for combatting silicosis by the Asso ciation of German Iron and Steel Trade Groups, which were published to go into effect in August, 1938. Following the regulations, the results of the examina tion of 4916 sandblasters is given, 1220 of whom (24.62) *?ere forbidden further work because their x-rays showed light to severe silicosis. The articlo also describes the various types of sandblasting, and tho necessary technical pre ventive measures, including many illustrations. Included also is a description of the use of steel shot. Regarding the men employed, ell must be over 21, must pass a pro-employment examination end a subsequent examination after two years. No worker shall bo employed as a sandblaster more than two years, efter which time ho must do non-dusty vrark for another two years. Ho may then return to sandblasting, aftor another examination. The examinations are to be given by physicians authorized by the Association. 964 ASBESTOSIS. R.R. Sayers and W.C. Dreessen. American Journal Public Eealth, 29, 205-14, (March, 1939). Read before the Industrial Hygiene Section ct thePAnerican Public Health Association Meeting, Kansas City, Mo., October 28, 1938 ,-r: , ( This paper is a review of the natorial contained in U.S. Public Health Bulletin No. 241 (Sec Abstract 804, 1233). It describes an extensive survey made by the U.S. Public Health Service together with the North Carolina State Board of Health in the- asbestos toxtilo industries. Asbestosis, a comparatively modern disease, is caused by chxysotile, a hydratod magnesium silicate containing no quartz. References to Recent Literature - 3. Its "uses have increased greatly during the past 20 years. According to the re sults of the survey, cases of ashestosis develop quite rapidly where exposure to the dust is over 5 million parti clos per cubic foot. No cases wore found where exposure was less than this figure and it has been accepted as a limit. Definite clinical and roentgenograph!c evidences of asbostosis has been observ ed in oxposed persons after 5 to 10 years of 'work in exposures exceeding 5 n.p.p.c.f.................. 265 A STOUT OF QDART2-F03ING OPERATIONS UITH SPECIAL EErERENCZ TO THE HRASUKILGIJT AND CONTROL CF FILES. E.C. Riley and J.12. DallaValle. U.S. Public Health Reports, 54, 352-8, (Harsh 3, 1939). No cases of silicosis have been reported among fused quartz operators in the United States, although evidences have been found among these men in European countries. The very short hours of .daily exposure may account for the lack of silicosis among then in this country. Fused quartz is blown at teupraturcs between 2700 and 3000??., at which temperatures it has bcc-n shown that the vap or pressure is quite high. The authors collected the fumes in regular inpingers (two in series), estimated the amount in solution by tho method of King and Dol. an. During operations they found from 116 to 341 microgrcms per cubic foot, but it is impossible to correlate these findings because of the lack of other similar . studies. --Because of possible toxic .offects of tho fumes end the discomfort of the excessive heat, it is recommended that quartz fusing operations bo carried - on under exhaust hoods. .... 266 CENTRAL HUGHS -- RAND IGNZ3 GROUP. HEALTH DEPAKGaEMT REPOST FOR THE YEAR 1937. A.J. Orenstoin. Johannesburg, So. Africa. This report deals with the various activities of the Department, particularly with the health conditions of the native labor force employed in the gold mines of the V.'itiratersrand. The total mortality from all diseases for the year has reached tho rocord low level of 6.82 per 1000 and mortality due to accidents was 1.97 per 1000. The principal disease is pneumonia, the mortality rate for which rras 2.60 per 1000. Although the pneumonia rate still remains high, a notable improvement has been achieved v/hen it is noted that tho mortality rate for this disease in 1911 was 13.0 per 1000. An analysis, taking into account meteorological conditions, shows that the highest incidence of pneraonia is during seasons of low temperaturo nna high wind velocity. The incidnnce of pul monary tuberculosis has also been roducod notably. In 1915 tho rate teas 12 per 1000, and in 1937 was 1.84 per 1000. At the some time tho mortality rate- for the disease has dropped from 1.48 to 0.43. Tho Department maintains 11 hospitals, rescue training stations and supplies the workers with adequato, fully cooked . rations. . 267 TUBERCULOSIS IN INDUSTRY. G.C. Ornstein and D. Ulnar. Quarterly Bulletin, Sea View Hospital, 4., 164-81, (January, 1939). The writers tako exception to the generally accepted views ns to the high in cidence of tuberculosis in industry. They recommend caution in attributing an abnormal incidence of tuberculosis to environmental factors in a particular industry when its lcbor is recruited from sections whero the incidence of such infection is abnormally high. They do not subscribe to the opinion thsS silicot ic subjects arc more susceptible to tuberculosis than others; they believe that error has arisen in mistaking the lesions due to silica for those of tuberculos is and find it impossible to diagnose tuberculosis in the absence of aenonstrubl tubercle bacilli. They concludo that tho present positive opinions arc based only on vital statistics and not on autopsy statistics. This assumption is in- _ correct .as there is in existence sufficient autopsy data upon which to base op- lrvlr,no. Tbr- rolrtfrin of trauma end cTnoaijfo to nhnr^iw'! (msfis to tubcraulosl a References to Recent Literature - 4. 268 TUBERCULOSIS DJCID3TCE IN PHILADELPHIA' S INDUSTRIES. Charles-Francis Long. Industrid Medicine, &, 93-6, (March, 1939). A compilation of data from some of Philadelphia's industries shows the inci dence of tuberculosis in those industries to be hotter than that of tho general Philadelphia population. The contribution of industrial modicine to the cosnunity tuberculosis campaign lies in tho physical examinations of large employed groups with prompt reference of tho tuberculous cases to tho proper channels. Most large industries now have pro-employment and periodic examinations but suggestions arc made for tho extension of this service to the smallor companies. Chest x-rcy films should be made a routino part of such examinations. Tho benoficant effect of plant sanitation is citod. 269 I1DU3TEIAL ASPECTS OF THE REHABILITATION PROELZM OF THE TUBERCULOUS. S.Hachhauser. Trans, of the Thirty-fourth Annual Meeting, National Tuberculosis AssociationJ93S. This paper is a study of the present practice in industry os to the re-employ ment of workers with pulmonary tubbrculosis after treatment and arrest of tho disease. The author summarizes his conclusions based on 219 replies to a ques tionnaire sent out to plants in the United States and Canada. The best treatment from overy point of vie*.? is to get the arrested eases back to work and tho red object is not obtained until they are again gainfully employed. In the cases roenployed tho loss of tine compares favorably with that of other employees. Most companies will re-employ arrested cases, while about one-half of those answering the questionnaire would not accept them es new employees, largely because of the character of the work at those plants. 270 TEE PRACTICAL USE OF RESPIRATORY- FUNCTION TESTING BY MEANS OF HISTAMINE. Peter Muller. Deut. Tuberk.-31att., 12, 267-73, (1938) (Cexnan). Histamine causes (l) increased respiratory frequency through spastic contraction of the small bronchioles, (2) a doorcase of vital capecity, through pulmonary statis and (3) a temporary shortening of the epnoa. The effects occur in path ologically c)ranged lungs, but not in hedthy lungs. The charges procured by histemlne parallel the soverity of tho conditions effecting the respiratory . " organs, end therefore the method is serviceable for testing respiratory function. Severd cases of silicosis and silico-tubercdosis were tosted by using 1 mg. histamine (1 cc. Inido Roche) subcutaneously. Valuable information on the extent of pathologicd change can be obtained, end in silicosis cases it can be of diagnostic value. 271 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, PAST AND PRESENT, IN GERMANY. F. Eoelsch. Deutsch. Med. Wchnschr., 64, 1435-6, (1938) (German). I A short survey is presented of the development of occupationd disease in Ger many. In the "Iwein" of a minnesinger, Hartmann von der Auo, in 1204, the poor social conditions of women spinners and weavers ore described. The first German article on industrial hygiene "Regarding Poisonous Fumes and Vapors", was written in 1473 by Ulrich Ellcnbogen, physician of the town of Augsburg. He mentions the exposure of goldsmiths to cod. fumes, load, mercury, and aqua fortis 272 MEDICAL RESEARCH ATID REPORTS ON OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. REPRINTED FROM MAIN REPORT OF THE FACTORY INSPECTION FOR 1937. 46 pp., Gravchago, (1938) (German). Material regarding the prescribed examination of certain groups of workers is given together with reports of certain occupationd disoascs, as poisoning by benzene, carbon monoxide, lead, nicotine, and other substences. Of 248 sand blasters examined, 33 had definite silicosis, 12 were doubtful cases end 8 had silico-tuberculosis. References to Recent Literature - 5. 273 THE DURATION 0? INCAPACITATING SICKNESS. A.B. Nalker. Journal Royal San. Inst., 59, 511-26, (January, 1939) (British). This paper, based on the returns of incapacitating sickness in the insured pop ulation of Scotland, shows that such sickness has tended to rise. On the whole, there has been e rise in both sickness end disablement benefit payments from 1921 to 1933 but the rise hes been proportionately greater in disablement bene fit. The average disability for the year 1935-6 was 12 days longer than the average for the yoers 1930-5, end the increase was mainly duo to an increase in chronic incapacities, i.o., incapacities of 1 year or more. 274 INDUSTRIAL DISEASES AND EFFORTS TO PREVENT THEM BY INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS IN 1937. (FROM THEIR ANNUAL REPORT). Arbeitsschutz, pp. 330-8, (1938) (German). The report presents material on the frequency of industrial diseases in certain Industries. Altogether there were 13,566 cases reported and 1,267 compensated for the first time, with 164 fatal cases. Valuable individual reports on diseas es and protective measures ore included in the second port. Researches on print ing dyes made without benzene and its homologs are important, but these dyes evidently give good results only if the edition printod is not too large. The discussion on the prevention of silicosis calls attention to the fact that some industries are substituting artifical grinding stones for sandstone ones, and using steel shot in sandblasting in place of quartz sand. 275 DANGER OF DUST IN 0EEHLAU3ITZ FACTORIES MAKING FIRECLAY AND SILICA BRICKS. R. Maassen and E.E. Buttner. Arch. f. Gewerbcpath., 9_, 179-97 (1938) (German). The article reports the work done in two factories in Silesia and the examination of 503 workers of whoa 91 showed silicosis with an additional 50 being doubtful cases. The authors state that training is much more highly essential in making the diagnosis than ever before. The silica brick pirn' employed 79 men and had been in operation 15 years; the fireclay plant employed291 men and had operated 29 years. There happened to be the same number of silicotics in each plant and from this the authors conclude that the silicosis hazard was about equal, a con clusion which does not seem reasonable. Dust hazards can only bo oveluated by taking dust counts. 276 YJKY HOT A DUST-FREE FOUNDRY? C. ,B. Gordy. Factor/ Management and Maintenance, 97, 79-80, (March, 1959). Description is given of an extensive dust and smoke control system in a large foundry which maintains dust free atmospheres in ell locations. The system handles over a million cubic feet of air per minute and requires 13 men to oper ate it over a three-3hift poriod. The investment was made, not especially to gain a specific saving in operating costs, but to insure a clean working place for tho employees. 277 RESEARCH ON TEE CAUSE AND PREVENTION OF PNEUMONIA IN A FACTORY. M. Gundol and Y/. Heins. Arch. f. Gewerbcpath., 9^ 248-68, (1928) (German). Among 400-500 workers in a steel factory, there were 35 cases of pneumonia, with 25 douths, over a period of six and one-half years. Careful investigations of far chemical end physical causes were made without results. In nearly every case the pneumonia developed from a cold or exposure to cold. In 18 of 30 qases it was shown tint after working in an oven, the men washed up and then crove heme on motorcycles. In othdr cases tho disease appeared shortly after the men re sumed work following a long period of unemployment. General hygienic riles for combating the uisocso arc suggested. Such investigations arc valuable, since the high incidence of pneumonia in cortain industries is not unusual. References to Recent Literature - 6. 278 AN INDUSTRIAL KiuIINZ CLINIC FOR IRON WORKERS. W. F. Cries. Minins and Metallurgy, 20, 205, (April, 1939). Preventive medicine is less costly than corrective medicine. The healthy workman is the efficient workmen and near programs to make his core health-minded are boirv put into operation. The author gives a description of a New Industrial Hygiene Clinic being established in one of the iron mining companies in Northern Michi gan. Rogular physical examinations which have been made during the past will be continued but more emphasis will, be placed on early diagnoses so that immediate medical care may be given. 279 ROENTGEN STUDY OF THE LUNGS OF BUFFERS AND DRY GRINDERS IN THE RHiSCKEID TOOL INDUSTRY. W. Bergerhoff. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 167-73 (1933) (German). Artificial grinding wheels ere used in this industry. Eighty subjects employed in the work from one to 41 years were studied, and the results confirm ell that was found about 10 years ago -- that among these workers one finds only a light fibrosis. Silicosis is found only if the men work near sandstone grinders. The author emphasizes the importance of the ultremicroscopic dust particles. 230 CHANGES IK THE HEART AND PULMONARY BLOOD VESSELS IN DTERHENTAL SILICOSIS AND SILICO-TUBERCULOSIS. G. Hegezann. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 228-37, (1933)(Germs.' In an attempt to study heart chengcs in silicosis, the author compared the weight of the heart with that of the kidneys in a series of experiments with rabbits. He found no evidence, however, that the weight of the heart had changed in rela tion to that of the kidneys. Only two of the 70 rabbits examined, however, had symptoms of serious silicotic no&ulatlon. 2S1 THE SPUTUM HI SILICOSIS. A. Ingelman-Sundberg. Nord. lied. Tld., 16, 1619-26, (1933) (Norwegian). In recognition of the difficulty of establishing a positive radiological diag nosis in silicosis, the author searches for other diagnostic methods by an in vestigation of sputum tests. Employing a modification of Burke's method for the detection of mineral particles in sputum, he has investigated four cases of knowr silicosis end tvro each of suspected silicosis, using six persons without dust ex posure as controls. The four silicotic patients had 170 , 260, 170 and 540 par ticles per cc. of sputum. The two suspected cases had 50 and 250 particles per cc. The mineral particle count of the controls ranged from 30 to 70 particles per cc. The experiments and procedure are being continued with hope of better result 282 USEFULNESS OF LEHMANN'S APPARATUS FOR TESTING NASAL FILTRATION IK ORDER TO SEL ECT PERSONS NOT ENDANGERED BY DUST EXPOSURE. V. Reichmann. Arch, f. Gewerbepath. 9, 43-57 (1939) (German). She noses and lungs of 392 miners and stonecutters wore examined by using Lehmann's method. It was found that the number of "good" noses vms small end that tho owners of such nosos do acquire silicosis, although not as often. The author maintains that working age is of greater significance. All men perform ing hard work breathe through both the nose and the mouth. The examinations showed that tho sano individual varied a groat deal at different tinos so that tho method was not a sound ono in selecting men for dusty work. 283 SCLEROSIS AND ANTERACOSIS IN THE PULMONARY LYMPH NODES. G. Mottura. -Bass. Med. Industr., 9_, 330-44, (October-Deceaber, 1938) (Italian). This is a pathological study. The author states tint his paper is designed to re-examine published material and to study tho vurious aspects of sclerosis (hardening) of tho lymph glands of tho lungs. Examination of the lungs of autopsied industrial workers indicatod that the chronic irritative factor from coal _ dust wes relatively unimportant, but that the dust tended to accumulate in tho lymph glands. References to Recent Literature - 7. 284 THE CHEMICAL STOUT OF SILICEOUS INDUSTRIAL DUSTS. H.V.A. Eriscoc. Science Progress, 35, 447-61 (January, 1939) (British). This paper is a short summary of the work which the outhor end his co-workers have done up to date. To collect samples of the dust "as the worker breathes it", it has beon stipulated that the dust oust be secured without contnoination, not wetted with wator and oust not be heated above 100C. Three methods of collect ion are used; volatile solid filters which con be sublimated away from tko col lected dust at relatively low temporatures (as naphthalene, acenaphthalene or anthracene); solublo solid filters as salicylic acid from which the dust can be centrifuged; and the labyrinth, wherein the dust is trapped by impingment on baffles. Thus far cost of the tests have been confined to loss on ignition end to solubility of the various typos of dust collected, although the latter has not been investigated thoroughly. 285 METHODS OF MEASURING SMALL DUST SAMPLES. 0. M. Faber. Staub., 8 , 4-46 (1938) (German). It is desirable for many purposes to have a method which will quickly evaluate the dust in the atmosphere. Such a method is necessery for testing respirators. Actual counting ia very troublesome and other methods aro much preferable. The author first reports on various- Huds of micrometers, then on methods end instru ments for rapid measurement of dust on konimeter slides by photographic methods. He then selects the method of Walton as the best of this sort and a description of it ic given. This method is described in this country in Journal Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, 18, 689-98 (December, 1936). 286 INCREASING THE PORTABILITY OF THE BAU5CH L L013- DOST COUNTER. L. Silverman end C. R. Williams. Journal Industrial Hygiene Toxicology, 21, 67-71, (March 1939). The portability of the Bausch and Lomb dust counter has boen increased by two minor changes. First, the pump mechanism has been moved from a horizontal posi tion to a vertical one alongside the microscope tubo. Second, the base of the counter has been changed to contnin^lashlight-battery powered lamp to enable the Instrument to be used at tho site of sampling without an olcctric current. A series of tests with the redesigned instrument shows that its efficiency in the some of that of the original counter. 287 THE FLOW OF AIP. AND ITS DISTRIBUTION THROUGH DUCTS. Part 2. FLOW WITH FRICTION. DUCTS WITH EQUAL FRICTION. J.R. Zwickl. Heating k Ventilating, 36, 49-52, (March, 1939). -- " A previous article in the February issue described and developed formulas for flow without friction. The present paper continues the 6ericc with attention to flow with friction. The series of articles is a good discussion of the hydraul ics of duct systens. 288 CLEANING OF DUST RESPIRATORS. Hetsel. Dragerhefte, 198, 3949-52 (1938) (German). Cleaning dust masks u3od in mineral dust exposure was 90-100 per cent effective, . provided, however, that the filtor had not been used for too long a period. Cleaning was not effective after the respirators had been used on omaonium chlorido or other such aerosols. *89 HEALTH IKTUIUf FROM FORMALIN RESULTING FROM ITS USE AS A DISII!?ECT/u\T OF GAS MAS2S. Hotzcl. Dragsimittcil., 41, 7-8, (1933) (German). When masks are cleaned with formalin solution or formaldehyde gas, they must bo thoroughly rinsed with water and well aired. Instances of injury fcavo been notes_ when these precautions wore not followed. 1 References to Recent Literature - 8. 290 AMERICAN STANDARD SAFETY" CODE FOR THE PROTECTION OF HEADS, EYES, AND RESPIRATORY ORGANS. U.S. Bureou of Standards, Handbook H24, U.S. Dept. Commerce, Washington, 95 pp., (1908). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington; D.C. price 15^. This booklet, superseding H2, was prepared under the chairmanship of Dr. K. G. Lloyd of the Bureau of Standards. Manufacturers, insurance companies, labor or ganizations, technicd societies, etc., were represented on the committee. While there is nothing especially nera in the handbook, it contains the various govern mental specifications for masks, respirators, goggles, welding helmets, air masks, and has an excellent index. The result is a practical and handy manual. (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, etc. 291 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY 0? CALIFORNIA WINERIES. Industrial Hygiene Service. Dept, of Public Health, California. Investigation Report No. 36 pp. (February, 1939). This bulletin describes the wine industry in California, the classifications of wine, the processes in its production, together with the potential health haz ards that are involved in the processes. The materials and environmental condi tions to which winery employees arc exposed to some degree, end which nay have a detrimental effect on health, include alcohol vapors (76# of all employees); carbon dioxide (53#); excessive dampness (51$); sulfur dioxide gas (24#); alkalis (14#); and carbon monoxide (12#). A set of provisions for protecting employee health is suggested. 292 . FROM THE SWISS FACTORY INSPECTORS' REPORTS FOR 1937. E. Bitterli. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 278-30, (1936) (German). A short survey of the activity of factory inspectors revealed some interesting observations. There were found some coses of addiction to trichlorethylene in workers in that dopartment of a factory. Cases of poisoning from hydrogen sul fide developed when a sodium sulfide lye was allowed to run into a trough con taining acid water. A case of death from nitrogen dioxide from autogenous weld ing is described. 293 WORK WITH FNEUMAIIC TOOLS III IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY AS CAUSE OF DISEASES OF MUSCLES, EONES AND JOINTS. E. Schramm. Arch, f. orthopad. u. unfall-Chir., 39 , 248-57, (November 17, 1938) (German). Disabilities caused by pneumatic tools have been reported chiefly in men who work in mines and in the stone industry, not so much in the men who use such tools in the iron end steel industries. In this papar the author describes his observations on 58 iron and stool workors who operated pneumatic hammers end riveters. It was found that defects caused by pneumatic tools are not less common in these workers than in workers in mines and quarries. Typical changes wore found in the elbow joint, shoulder joint and in the similunar (wrist) bone. That predisposition plays c. pert is proved by tho fact that some workors who had used pneumatic tools for 25 veers wero free from complaints,whereas a young worker had noticeablo defects after 3 years. Discussing tho prevention, the euthor stresses tho importance of selecting the right type of tool in accordance with the. hardness of tho material to be worked upon. Men who work vdth pneumat ic tools should be subjected to examinations at regular intervals in order that possible impairment may bo recognized early. nn t t n References to Recent Literature - 9 294 AFFECTIONS 0? THE SHOULDER JOINT Hi RELATION TO OCCUPATION. L. Teleky. Trans. 5th Internet. Congress on Rheumatism, Stockholm, September 1935. Mercators Tryckeri, Helsingfors, (1938) (Sweden). The components of thy shoulder joint are described in some detail. The bones and ligaments of many persons froquontiy show changes caused by extensive lift ing of heavy objects. They occur frequently in longshore.non, portors, black smiths, miners, and those who work with compressed air tools. Injury to the olbow joint is, however, more common among tho latter. 295 INFECTIONS OF THE HAND. R. Pilcher. Indust. Welfare, 20, 476-80, (December, 1938) (British). This paper gi^es a short analysis of cases dealt with at a special 7/hitlow Clinic started at University College Hospital, London, in 1935. Of 192 patients with a history of injur.-, only throo had received first-aid treatment and this stands out as the most important necessity for rapid recovery. Certain features of treatment of different types of injury are clso discussed. 296 ELECTRIC OPHTHALMIA AS HI INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT. E. Avalos. Rev. Cubans Oto-Neurc-Oft., 7_, 41, (1938) (Cuban). The effects upon the eye-of electrical energy cf varying intensities arc describ ed, and prophylactic measures suitable for workers exposed to such harmful ef fects are proposed. !97 Y/KAT THE PHYSICIAN SHOULD OBSERVE IN GIVING ARTIFICAL RESPIRATION. G. Pflesser, lied. V/eIt., 12, 1600-1 (1938) (German). The author tested whether the fatal effect in wnimnT experiments is caused by the oxygen itself or by faulty technic. Y/hcn ho used pure oxygon the animals died after a fow hour's inhalation. With the usual oxygen apparatus, 80 per cont oxygen at most is inspired; with the inhalation apparatus, 55-65 por cent, and with the pulcntor 40-60 per cont. Only with tho so-celled automatic lung apparatus does it rise to 99 per cent. Those automatic devices must be employ ed with care. In toxic pulmonary edema, the pulmotor should not be used, because excess pressure and too low pressure arc too difficult to avoids In oil casos without lung tlssuo injury it can bo used with good results* 298 PNElSiOTACHDGRAPEIC RESEARCH ON ARTIFICAL RESPIRATION. L. Fischer and I.Engeser. Med. Welt., 12, 1664-7 (1938) (German). With a tachograph the authors took respiration, curves on a patient trained to submit to artificial respiration without breathing himself. They show the re sults of various methods of artificial respiration. That for Sylvoster's method deviates substantially from the normal; that for tho Howard method gives very unsatisfactory results; and that for the bioaotor gives a curve corresponding to the normal. Tho Hans bellows aro also satisfactory. When possible, manual meth ods should be replaced by mechanical ones. 299 CONTINUOUS RECORDING OF THE SKIN TEMPERATURE OF MAN. H. Anton. Arch, f. Hyg., 120, 63-104 (1958) (German). An apparatus is described for the continuous registration of the temperature of a number of spots on tho akin. The change of potential developed by thermocoup les is followed with a string galvanometer and reproduced photographically. By moans of a revolving drum, contact is repeatedly mado with each of the thermo couple loads. A circuit for calibration is embodied in the arrangement. Appara tus for ensuring that the standard tenporaturo remains steady throughout the recording is also described. References to Recent Literature - 10. 300 FOURTH REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON LIGHTING III FACTORIES. Hone Office. H. U. Stationery Office, London, 1938. Regulation of industrial lighting was begun for the first time in Great Britain in 1937. The object of the report presented here is to review tho recosasendations of previous committees and to make recommendations as to standards fer tho new code. It is statod that the effects of bad lighting are: (1) increased ac cident rate; (2) damage to eyesight and health; (3) insanitary conditions; (4) effect on discipline; and (5) dininished output and quality of work. 301 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FIELD FEVERS III SOUTHERN BAVARIA. Tf. Rinpau. Much. ned. Wchnschr., 85, 1979-81 (1933) (Geman). This disease of harvesters in certain parts of Germany has been shown to be caused by leptospim, a subgroup of spirochetes. The difference between this disease and Weil*s disease (icterus infectiosus) is still' not clear as to the infective agent and epidemiology. Of those with field fevors, about 2 per cent develop ictorus. 302 CLINICAL ASPECTS AND SPECIFIC THERAPY 0? FIELD FEVERS. G. Jordens. Munch, med. Wchnschr., 05, 1979-81 (1938) (German). The author reports on a number of cases, mostly among harvest workers, who work barefoot or with inadequate shoes. Tho disease begins suddenly with chills and hich fever. Most of the patients showed marked stupor, conjunctivitis, gastric symptoms, bronchitis, frequent hyperesthesia of tho bones, and occasionally an exanthema like measles. The fever falls by crisis in most cases, but the pat ients recover very gradually. Fatal cases ere rare. In many areas in Lower Bavaria, at harvest tino, hundreds of workers are incapacitated for 2-3-weeks, end only gradually recovor complete ability to work. 303 DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS AMONG STREETCAR EMPLOYEES. R. Civatta. Med. del lavoro, 29, 302-5, (1938) (Italian). Of 248 employees, the author found 56 with urine changes; 35 with phospheturia, 6 with a slight albuminuria, and some with the two combined. The incidence seems high to the author, and he discusses the possible causes. 304 THE WHITE BLOOD PICTURE IN GENERAL CJULLIIIG OF THE BODY. A. Frohlich. Dtsch. Ztschr. f. d. gcs. ger. Med. 30, 199, (1938) (German). Rabbits were held up to their necks tot 8 to 15 minutes in ice water (1C). Blood camples were taken just before the experiment, about 15 minutes after it, and again about en hour later. A total leucocyte decrease was found in 10 wninnls ond in 5 others there was a definite increase. The lcucocytosis develop ed in especially strong animals which had better resistance to cold than tho others; the temporature drop they suffered was less, also. 305 CHEMICAL CHANGES IK TEE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFTER ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS. F, Masella. Folia ned., 24, 1121-31 (1938) (Italian). The author examined the blood, brain and nerves of rabbits killed by electric currents or killed after prolonged electric dosage. There were changes in the emounts of calcium, potessium, magnesium, phosphate and cholesterine, but in creases or rcauctlons in theso materials wero not regular. References to Recent Literature - 11. 306 THE CHRONIC EFFECTS ON DOGS OF FEEDING DIETS CONTAINING LEAD ACETATE, LZ'JD ARSENATE, AND ARSENIC TRIOHIDI 23J VARYING CONCENTRATIONS. H.O. Calvery. E.P. Leug and li.J. Harris. J. Pham. Exp. Therapy, 6, 364-87, (December,1938). THE EFFECT OF LEAD OH RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING LEAD ARSENATE AND LEAD ACETATE. E.P. Laug end H.P. Morris. Ibid., 64, 388-410. THE STORAGE OF ARSENIC IN RATS FED A DIET CONTAINING CALCIUM ARSEIAIE A: ARSENIC TRIOXIDS. H.J. Morris and E.ff. Wallace. Ibid., pp. 411-19. THE GROWTH AND EZPROEUCTION OF RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING LEAD ACETATE AND ARSENIC TRIOXIDE AND THE LEAD AID ARSENIC CONTENT OF NE?30HN AND SUCKLING RATS. H.P. Morris, E.P. Laug, H.J. Morris end R.L. Grant. Ibid., pp. 420-45. TIE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM /l PHOSPHORUS ON THE STORAGE AND TOXICITY OF LEAD AND ARSENIC. R.L. Grant, H.O. Calvery, E.P. Laug and H.J. Morris. Ibid.,-pp. 446-57 VARIATIONS IK THE ARGIKASE COHCENTRATIOI HI TEE LIVERS OF WHITE RATS CAUSED BY THE AISIEaSTRATION 0? ARSENIC AND LEAD. E.D. Lightbody and E.O. Calvery. Ibid., pp. 458-64. YThen lead or arsenic was incorporated in the diet of rats and dogs, there was clear evidence of storago, even at the lowest lovels fed. Rots proved relatively less sensitive to lead, tolerating nnounts up to 213 eg./kg. in their diet. At this high level, there was impairment of growth, and marked hypertrophy of the kidneys. At somewhat lower levels of intake, no effects vrero noted on fecund ity or fertility. Dogs wore very sensitive to lead and showed tho characteristic symptoms associated vrith lead poisoning on intakes as lor as 0.33 mg./kg. per day, cn amount well within tho range of possible toxicity for the human. It ras found that when the level of calcium ras reduced in tho diet, both rats cad dogs were not only much more sensitive to lead, but also stored from 3C0 to 400 per cent more lead in their tissues. Tho largest storage of lead occurred in the bones, kidneys and livors. Storage of lead in the long bones favored the epi physeal region end in the kidneys, tho cortex. Clear evidence was also obtained that both lead and arsenic pass from the maternal tissues to tho fetus, end in the case of lead a measurable amount passes into the milk (arsenic was not de termined in tho milk) whence it is absorbed and stored by the rat from birth to weaning. In contrast to dogs, rats proved to be somewhat more sensitive to arsenic than to lead. Calcium arsenato, in the nnounts fed in these experiments provod to bo more toxic than arsenous oxide. Arsenic, while exerting little or no hypertrophic offeet on kidneys, did produce, in rats, a marked effect on the liver. It v/as also found that both lead and arsenic lowered the erginase con centration in the livers of rats, as well as the response of arginasc increase in starvation. 307 CHRONIC LEAD POISONING. H.B. Williams. Journal American Medical Association, . 112, 534-7, (February 11, 1939). A physician tells of hl3 own experience in developing a chronic lead poisoning without the well-known classic symptoms of constipation, colic, blood-changes, end lead-line on the gums. Ho and members of liis family used water from a copper tank that had been reinforced in certain places with a wiping solder con taining two-thirds loed, which dissolved o.vdto readily in the slightly ccid water. Tho amount absorbed daily was very small but was sufficient, in addition to tho other ordinary sources of lead, to produce noticeable nervous disorders - without the other classic symptoms. n* A C References to Recent Literature - 12. 308 CEROilAICllESRIC INVESTIGATIONS OF LEAD 505SE3S EZF0RE /JO AFTER WORK. E.I.Schutz. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 198-227, (1933) (German). The author examined by chronaxinetry (the measurement of the time required for the excitation of a nervous element by a dofinito stimulus) the flexor and ex tensor muscles of 26 women typists before their work and oftor 9 hours of work. In the evening tho average time required was 36 per cont longer than in the morning. He then examined 25 white lead workers who had been employed in this work for several years. Their chronaxy values wore considerably higher than those of the non-lead workers and the author concludes that this measurement is valuable in dicgnosir^lcad damage.. This point was first brought out by F. H. Lowy in America and tho present work serves to support Lewy's view. The value of tho measurement in tho recognition of impending damage is not as yet deter mined. 309 BLOOD PROTECTS IN LEAD COLIC AND MERCURY POISONING. U. P.enato. Med. del lavoro, 29, 363-72, (December, 1938) (Italian). The author notes a diminution in the globulincs and a light hyper-albrainemia in 5 cases of lead colic and 4 cases of mercurialism studied. In all cases of lead poisoning, after the disappearance of symptoms, various protein fractions returned to their normal values, while in the mercurialism they persisted or even increased. 310 LEAD POISONING AMONG WORKERS MAKING PROJECTILES. U. de Peppe. Med. del lavoro, g? 29, 257-68, 306-11, 332-40 (1938) (Italian). The author examined 53 workers in ammunition fnctorios and presents tho blood findings and material on porphyrinuria for each men. He concludes that such work is only mildly dangerous, but that many workers develop a hyposaturnism with no clinical symptoms but with slight blood changes: slight diminution of hemoglobin contont and a real polyglobulia. 311 AN UNUSUAL CASE OF LEAD POISONING. G.E. Beaimont and R. Wybum-Mason. British Medical Journal, pp. 150-3, (Jenuary 28, 1939) (British). A full clinical record is given of a case which was determined to bo lead.poisoning before the source of contamination was' discovered. Encephalopathy, trans ient blindness, oliguria, raised blood urea and abdominal pain were present, end also anemia and slight Jaundice. No history of occupational risk was obtained as the patient was a railway 3ignal clerk, but the symptoms had preceded this occupation. The domestic water supply was from a well, and was pumped through lead pipes. Water allowed to st^nd in these pipes showed 4 parts of lead per 10 million parts water. 312 RISK OF LEAD POISONING OCCUPATIONALLY INCURRED HI FPEP/JNNG "ETHYL" PEIEOL. F. Coste. Arch. Mai. Profess., 1_, 281-93, (1938) (French). Motor fuel containing tetra-ethyl lead is prepared in 41 stations in France where ethyl fluid imported from America is mixed with gasoline. During the last four years 179 nen have been employed in thin work. The men ore provided with entiro outfits of working clothes, rubber aprons, gloves and boots, which arc inspected daily. All workers ere carefully selected by medical examination and nUst pass cubsequcat examinations tv/o or three times a year. Because of the careful medi cal supervision, no cases of poisoning from the highly toxic tetra-ethyl lead compound have occurred in this industry. nn a a r\n References to Recent Literature - 13. 313 BOOK REVIEW -- CARSON MONOXIDE ASPHYXIA. Cecil K. Drinker. Oxford University Press, New York. 276 pp. (1939) Price $4.50 The book is a valuable source of information for those with a practical or theoretical interest in carbon monoxide poisoning. The author begins by giving a complete description of the physiology of respiration and the exchange of gases in the lungs as a basis for the toxt that follows. Other chapters are devoted to statistical and general information, pathology of asphyxia, treatment, the contro versial subject of chronic poisoning, and discussion of methods of detection. Tho work is especially valuable for those in fields of industry having a carbon monoxide problem. 314 CARBON MONOXIDE FILTERS AND VARIOUS EXPERDdiNTAL CLAIMS. H. Muschenbom. Dragerhefte, 198, 3959-61 (1933) (German). Experiments shov; that the length of' tine a carbon monoxide filter can be used depends not so much on the carbon monoxide content (at least from 0.1 to 2.0 per cent) as on the moisture content of the air. For instance, at 25 per cent rela tive humidity a filter is good for 15.2 hours in 0.1 per cent carbon monoxide, 12.8 hours in 2.0 per cent. With a relative humidity of 90 per cent the res pective periods of effectiveness for these concentrations is 9.8 and 8.3 hours. 315 CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. S. E. Scharta. Viestnik Ophth., 16, 370 (1938) (German The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are very bizarre generally, cs well as in relation to ocular manifestations. The author's case was unusually severe. With edema and ecchyaosia of the lids, chemosis, exophthalmos, limitation of ss movement, superficial keratitis, and rise of intraocular tension. Tho final re sult was loss of vision in the right eye and recovery in tho left. 316 CAREON DISULFIDE POISONING. R. McDoneld. Arch, of Ophth., 20 , 838-45 (1938). The author was among those who collaborated on the viscose rayon study.made re cently in Pennsylvania (Abstract 826, 1938) and the material is the same as that on which the Pennsylvania report is based. The literature on ophthalmologic effects of carbon disulfide is reviewed and the author's experience in examining . 120 men from viscose rayon; plants is given. More than half of those examined had been employed for 10 years or longer, and approximately 75 per cent had ocular complaints of various sorts. Enlargement of the blindspot, which has not * previously been reported in tho literature, is believed by the author to be the most significant early ocular sign of chronic carbon disulfide intoxication. It was found in 22.5 per cent of all workers examinod. Diminution of the corneal reflex was the most constant finding, occurring in noro than one-half of tho ceses. Diminution of the light reflex was the socond most common finding. Vascular changes of the usual nature were found in about one-third of the cases. Although amblyopia was a common symptom in the previously reported literature, it was not present in any of the eases in the author's series, and no scotomata wero demonstrable. 317 DETERMINATIOII OF CARBON DISULFIDE AND CARBONYL SULFIDE III GASES IN THE PRESENCE OF EACH OTHER. A.V. Avdeeva. Zavodskaya Lab., 7_, 279-81, (1938) (Russian). The gas is aspirated through 3 connecting absorption flasks in the order given. Sulfur dioxide end hydrogen sulfide are absorbed in a standard iodino solution; titrating the solution with sodium hydroxido to mothyl orange gives hydrogen sulfide directly end sulfur dioxide by difference. Carbonyl sulfide is absorb ed in 7.5 per cent calcium chloride containing 1 per coat ammonium hydroxide, and the carbon disulfide in alcoholic 15 percent potassium hydroxide. The solu tions arc then oxidized with hydrogen peroxide or bromine as usual and tho con- _ tents of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide arc detormined by precipitating References to Recent Literature - 14 318 SFECTROGSATCIIC METHOD FOR ISKTOICASIOH AND DZIZnlCINATIOIT OF SHALL QUANTITIES OF BEiZHiZi DETERMINATION OF BENZENE VAPORS IN AN ATMOSPHERE. P. Lurien. J. Pham. Chen., 27, 561-77 (1938) (French). The ultraviolet absorption spectrun of benzene in alcoholic solution pemlts identification of benzene down to a uoso of 0.1 mg. The absorption curve of this alcoholic solution is obtained by neons of the apparatus of Febre and Any (see Chen. Abstr., 51, 6109). By calculating the optical density of the naxiBuns, benzene can be determined for quantities equal to 2 mg or more, with an approximation of 5 per cent. The technic is epplied to the detection and deter mination of benzene in the atnosphere by condensing it at low temperature in the prcsenco of 95 per cent alcohol, v;hich under these conditions collects it conpie tely. 319 THE PROBLEM OF APLASTIC BONE MAERQ7? AND PSEUDO-APLASTIC LEUCBHA FROM BENZENE EXPOSURE. F. Penait and E. C. Viglioni. Pass. Med. Industr., 345-61 (October-Decenber 1938) (Italian). Chronic benzene poisoning divides itself into four categories: (1) cases that are clinically, henatologicnily end anatomo-pathologically tj'pical of aplastic anemia; (2) cases clinically typical of aplastic anemia but showing an active heaopoesis especially in the bone Borrow, with numerous undifferentiated blood cells (pseudo-aplastic anemia);-(3) atypical cases of aplastic anemia with myel itic hyperplasia or metaplasia, having a lcucemic appearance, especially in the spleen and liver; and (4) cases of certain chronic or acute leucemia not in frequently appearing as a lcucemic. The above classification was capable of being experimentally demonstrated in animals. They are stated to bo a direct effect of toxic action of benzene end should be so designated. 320 CLINICAL ASPECTS OF POISONING BY SOLVENTS OF THE AROMATIC SERIES. E. C. Viglioni. Rass. Med. Industry., 9_, 303-29 (October-December 1938) (Italian). This article is a summary of present knowledge with regard to benzene and its derivativts.Stress is laid on the action of these substances on the blood. Secondary effects arc discussed at some length. The author points out that care should be excrcisod in identifying the specific solvent which is used, since symptomatology varies with the different homologs and derivatives of benzene. 321 EXAMINATIONS OF LEIPZIG PH0T0ENGP-V7ISS V7ITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEMORRHAGIC TENDENCY. S. Kahle. Arch. f. Kyg., 121, 67-83 (1938) (German). Following a review of the literature the author gives a careful description of the results of examining 20 photoengravers. Symptoms referable to the central nervous system were very numerous: headache, dizziness, fatigue; others referable to the digostivo tract were eructations end heartburn. The many findings an hemorrhagic tendency end vasolability were striking. Tbo thrombocyte values in hnlf of the cases lay in the lowest normal range, but definite thrombopenia was not seen. In 75 per cent of the casos, the Rirnpcl-Leedc test was positive, suggesting injury to the vascular endothelium. The.dermographia found in all cases points to damage to tho capillary function. In 30 per cent, and, in a later examination, 40 per cent, there was found lcucopenia and neutropenia (v/ith tho latter r. relative lymphocytosis). In conclusion tnc author reports on a case of fatal aplostic anemia in a 60-year old photoengraver who had worked for 19 years. References to Recent Literature - 15 322 TEE "TOLERANCE COKCHTIRATICK" OF RADON IN THE ATMOSPHERE. J. Read, end J. C. Uottram. Brit. J. Radiol., 12 , 54-60 (January, 1939) (British). Radon, the gaseous substance that ermnates from radius, is said to cause leucopeni:: among workers handlinc radium or working in atmospheres v;hero radius is stored. Concentrations found in various world.nc places were taken, and ozperi-*' nents on sice were carried out. From the results the allowable limit suggested is lO-3-^ curies per cc. This allows for u safety factor of 10. Proper venti lation can keep the concentration dorm to 10-12 curies por cc. It is suggested that radium safes be ventilatod continually or just prior to opening. Workers exposed to radon should be examined periodically in order to establish defin itely the safe concentration. 323 A CASE OF ITfELOTIC LHJCBilA IN AN X-RAY ASSISTANT OBSERVED FROM TEE EECINNUC. W. Veits. Klin. Wclmschr., 17, 1579-80 (1938) (German). The patient, born in 1901, began work in 1928 with x-rays, worked extensively with then efter 1930. Since then her blood has been examined regularly. In August, 1932, there was a considerable increase of eosinophils, and in June 1933 she g-nvG up the work entirely. At that tine there v/erc 25,000 leucocytes, of which one-half of one per cent wero immature myelocytes, 2 per cent meta myelocytes, 9 per cent eosinophilcs, 6 per cent basophiios, 11 per cent mono cytes, 19 per cent lymphocytes, and 52 per cent neutrophiles. There was a sligh increase in the spleen, which since then has continued to incroese gradually. In January 1935 there were 74,000 leucocytes, and'in the summer of 1935, the spleen was enlarged two fingers above the center line and one finger below the navel. She was treated with x-rays,but died in April 1938. 324 POISONOUS GASES IN TEE LEATHER INDUSTRY. J.A.S. Morrison. Leather Y/orld, 30, 886,7, (1938). Amaonig^^ydrogen sulfide and hydrogen arsenide nay be foroed if waste lime liquors/ie. contact with acid liquors from the tan yards. Carbon monoxide and methane may be liberated by fermentation of waste vegetable tanning materials. Dangerous concentrations may occur in sumps, pits, sewers, etc. The simplest precaution is to flood with water to replace the foul atmosphere beforo allow ing men to enter. If this is not practical, the men should wear approved masks supplied with oxygen or pure air. 325 HEMOGLOBIN CHANGES AID TEE BEHAVIOR OF PORPHERINE IN URINE AID FECES HI EXPERIMENTAL ANILINE POISONING. C. Seglini. lied, del lavoro, 29 , 289-301, (1938) (Italian). Aniline was injected into rabbits, and was found to appear first in the blood and later in liver end nervous system. Porphyrine increases in urine and feces as the poisoning continues. In chronic poisoning the increase is greater be cause the liver changes cro greater. 326 STUDIES ON PHZNDTELAZINE. V. FATE OF FHEN07HLAZINE HI THE BODY. F. DeEds, C.V. Eddy and J.O. Thomas. J. Pharm. Exp. Therap., 64, 250-62 (November,1938). VII. THE BACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF URINE AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PHENO- TELAZINE. J.O. Thcmas, F. DeEds and C.V. Eddy. Ibid., 230-97. In the first paper it is demonstrated that tho urino of animals ingesting water- soluble phonothlazino contains in addition to tho solublo oxidation derivatives, thionol-leuco thionol, somo water-soluble fern of phenothiamine, possibly con jugated or in some loose chemical combination. This lattor product is precipi tated from the urinson strong acidification. Tho effects of phenothiaainc arc discussed in earlier papers. Ho mention is made of tho amounts of pfccnothiazinc recovered in tho urine. In the second papor the authors show that urine contain- lnr* the* 1 **---*! ~v -- ~ ^ -----------v _ ^ ' ' ' J' ** ~ ~ j References to Recent Literature - 16 for S. Coll, both in vitro and in vivo under the proper conditions of pH con centration. Thionol appears to be the active reagent. 327 TIE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ISOPROPYL ETHER AND TO A MTETURE OF ISOPROPYL ETKEi AND GASOLINE. V/. ilachle, E.W. Scott and J. Treon. Journal Industrial Hygieno is. Toxicology, 21^ 72-96, (March 1939). Improved methods of production have increased the field of uses of isopropyl ether, especially as a fuel in lntomel combustion engines. Like most ethers it is an anesthetic, but, because of its toxic and depressant effects, it has not been used as such. Because greater potential exposures to this substance are probable in the future, the present investigation was conducted to gain a moro definite knowledge of its physiological action. Isopropyl other is a Simple aliphatic ethor which at ordinary tcaqporatures is a colorless liquid, boiling at about 68C. The experiments show that ingestion of the liquid in small amounts (7-9 cc. per kilogram body weight) causes rapid intoxication and death. As a vapor it is anesthetic to animals (rabbits ana monkeys) at about 3 per cent concentration, lethal at about 6 per cent, and only mildly toxic at 1 per cent. Ho permanent pathological characteristics woro noted on animals that were exposed to, and survived, a 3 per cent concentration in air. Isopropyl ether is explosive in mixtures of fron 1.5 to 2.0 per cent in air and it is unlikely that higher concentrations will be encountered because of this fact. Mixtures of 40 per cent isopropyl ether with gasoline were less toxic than the pure substance. 328 SPECTROANALYSES IN TEE DIAGNOSIS OF SOME INDUSTRIAL POISONINGS. DIPSSHIE3TS ON THALLOU3 CHLORIDE POISONING. F. Capelli. Med. del lavoro, 29 , 321-32, (193S) (Italian). The author writes first ebout speetroanolysis and then shows that after the injection of 5.6 mg. thallous chloride over a period of 5 days, thalliisa can be found in the urine of rabbits by spectroanalytic methods. 329 HEART INJURY FROM NICOTINE. F. Lassing. Med. Welt., 12, 1485-7,(1938)(German). Recently acute poisoning hes occurred from the use of nicotine as an insecticide. A case is presented with the following symptoms: weakness, no pulse, fall of temperature, tonic-clonic cramps, sugar in the urine, arrhythmia and bredicardia in the electrocardiogram, lengthening of the transfusion tine, disturbance of the conduction of stimuli, and injury to the heart muscle. There was some im provement, but even after ninemonths certain of the symptoms wore still notice able. Another cose was that of a tobacco cutter who complained of heart pains end bradi enrdia. In the electrocardiogram there were seen slight fluctuations of the vestibule, nnd there was slightly augmented bilirubin in the blood. 330 EXPZRILEENTAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF VANADIUM POISONING. F. Molfino. Rass. Med. Incustr., , 362-73 (October-December, 1938) (Italian). The follov.lng are the author's conclusions based on experiments porforaed on rabbits: (1) vanadium anhydride is absorbed and eliminated in the urine where it can be demonstrated; (2) vanadium anhydride exerts a strong irritant action on the respiratory organs; and (3) except for its irritating action, vanadium anhydride simulates zinc -oxii>iB its after effects.. 331 VASCULAR DISEASES AFTER MERCURY POISONING. K. Fcllingcr and F. Schweitzer. Arch. f. Gewerbcpath., 9_, 263-75 (1938) (German). The authors present the cases or 3 men who had worked with mercury and suffered mercury poisoning. Later they showed signs of endarteritis, beginning with claudicatio intemittons and followed by gangrono in the toos or feet. They y/crc cured by vasodilator treatment. References to Eecent Literature - 17 332 KIDNEY FUNCTION AFTER DAMAGE BY HEAVY METALS (MERCURY, KOLLAEGOL, V.TTH A NOTE ON CLINICAL ASPECTS OF BANC'S DISEASE). P. v. Monekow. Deutsche Arch. f. kiln, Med., 135, 155-70 (1938) (German). The author calls attention to the resemblance in poisoning by mercury, umnlua, bismuth end gold insofar ns kidney changes are concerned. The histological end functional changes ere described. Blood end urine data are given in the case of e woman with Bang's disease who was given 0.04 Kollargol (colloidal silver) intravenously. The clinical course was quite similar to that seen in mercury poisoning. There was an immediate anuria; thereafter the slight amount of urine was pale and of low specific gravity. It contained a good doal of albumin and many cylinders but no blood. In poisoning by heavy metals the kidneys behave characteristically, but qulto differently than in other kidney ailments. Thero is on unusually low concentration of urea in the urine at the height of the poisoning, extremely little difference in concentration betweon blood urea and urine urea, and in spite of a drop in blood chloride, often below the threshold value, the chloride excretion is maintained at a concentration only slightly below that of the blood. 333 DOES MANGANESE CAUSE PNEUMONIA? E. C. Vigilant. Folia Med. 23, 451-8, (1937) (Italian). Pyrolusite (an ore of manganese) is suspected as a cause of pneumonia. There have been, in the past, .noticeably high incidences of pneumonia among pyrolusite miners and those who hendla tho ores in mills. The rates of pneumonia axe high in other similar industries hut do not account for the correspondingly higher rates among pyrolusite workers in particular. 334 NASAL CHANGES IN CHROMIUM WORKERS. G. Hancioli. Rass. Med. Indust., 9., 258-71 (1938) (Italian). Injury from chromium in the plating industry is both fresa inhalation of fumes and from contact with the solutions. The very best of exhaust systems ere re quired, es cases of poisoning were found even in locations where better than average exhaust systems were in operation. Chromium poisoning is characterised by greenish chrcne sores in the nose and septum end the absence of serious dis comfort misleads the patients and makes them careless. During the period of ulceration they are only conscious of a burning sonsgtion in the nose which causes them to put a finger (usually covered with chromium solution) into the nose, thus bringing the poison in direct contact with the mucous membrane. Prophylaxis includos powerful exhaust systems, use of boric vaseline or salicy lic ointment on or in the nose, the uso of respirators end rubber gloves. 335 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON OCCUPATIONAL CHROMIUM POISONING IN THE ELECTROCHROMIUM ELATING INDUSTRY. St. Galloro. Folia med., 24, 1255-65 (1938) (Italian) The author reviews the literature and then reports on experiments with guinea pigs that were kept over a chrome bath from one-half to three hours daily up to 45 days. Changes of the mucosa and submucosa of tho respiratory tract were ob served and examined histologically, as well as changes in the spleen and kidneys 336 FACTORS IN CARCINOGENESIS. R.D. Passey. J. Roy. Inst. Publ. Health & Hyg. 2, 16-63, (January, 1939) (British). This article deals with chemical and physical carcinogenitic agents, viruses, parasites, and genetic factors. Lengthy bibliographies are given. In a short section various types of industrial cancer are enumerated. A question is asked whether there is any osteogenic sarcoma eicong the Schneeburg minors, v;hcrc the lung enneer is thought to be caused by radioactivo substances. The exact cause of bladder cancer among dye workers has as yet not been determined, and exteasivo experiments with these materials have failed to find tho compound or com Roferences to Recent Literature - 18. 9 pounds responsible for the cancer. Exposure to ultraviolet light nay induce epitheUcna of the skin. Kent has been knovm to cause cancer on the shins of engino drivers, and cold nay clso act as a carcinogenotic agent. 337 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL DISEASES OF COTTON SPINNERS. U. Thiry. Arch, do lied. Soc. et d'Hyg., 1_, 749-51 (1933) (French). The author examined 125 workers in a cotton spinning factory. In those who . had worked only a short tine, he found no lung abnomalities, but of those with a longer exposure, 88 per cent had inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Exposure of Petri dishes showed the presence of bacteria pathogenic to guinea pigs. 338 ' DERMATOSES IN SUGAR WORKERS. Journal American Medical Association (Queries end Minor Notes), 112, 264 (January 21, 1939). The quostion concerns "sugar boils" among men working for 20 years in a beet sugar mill. It seems especially prevalent among workers exposed to the juices. Lesions that have been described in the literature arc so varied that it is doubtful if a specific agent is responsible. Perhaps tho sugar provides a good medium for bacteria. Keeping the skin clean is of prime importance; juices should not be allowed to dry on the skin. 339 "METHODS FOR TESTING LOTIONS FOR PROTECTING THE HUMAN SKIN. L. Peuckert and Y?. Schneider. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 288-94 (1930) (German). The euthors studied various lotions in different dilutions, by photographing the forms of drops on the skin. They describe another method which tests the lotions'* cepacity for moistening other materials; the results give an idea of how these materials would act on the skin. 340 STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN SURFACE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. R. and F. Jager. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 276-87 (1938) (German)-. The authors describe methods which give a clearer picture of the skin surface than is usually gained. They employ a fluorescent analysis, a fluorescent microscopical method; the apparatus is described and pictures of tho skin made in this way ere described. The authors claim that their method, which shows rawness of the skin, collected dirt, and tho effect of washing, offers a valu able prophylactic aid. 004413