Document aBO9Za08w2GKKBQEmEb7rE2r9
FILE NAME: Talc (TALC) DATE: 1977 June 8 DOC#: TALC482 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Final Report from Nov 1975 Survey
'V
FILIAL REPORT
STUDY OF THE COVEPL~ R b e r OHE mime amd mild Balmafc, M ew York
Volume T
Division
* REPORT p r e d a r l o 3Y John M. Dement
Ralph D, Zumwalde
SURVEY DATE Uovernher 3-7 / 1975
pi AL REPORT DATE
H e liar?
dies
CRMC-HT-TA LC-000276
CCOT2MTS
Abstract
.
Acknowledgements
' '
.
'
Introduction
Description of the Facilities
Description of Operations and Controls
Medical, Industrial Hygiene and Safety Programs
.
Inspection of'Mine and Mill Operations
Potential Health Hazards
'
Housekeeping
,
Study Methods
.
Bulk Sample Collection and Analysis
'
Air Sampling and Analysis
Study Results ,
'
Bulk Sample Analyses
"
Air Samples
'
Comparison of Sampling and Analytical Methods
Comparison of Present and Past Exposures
.
.
Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
'
Appendixes
-
I Mineral Product Safety Data Sheets for R.T. Vanderbilt Talcs
II Results of Individual Air Samples and Summary Statistics for
HICSH Industrial Hygiene Study
FIGURES ,
"
1 Gouverneur Talc Company, Inc. Simplified Flew Sheet
2 Aspect Ratios for Airborne Anthophyllite Fibers
3 Aspect Patios for Airborne Tremolite Fibers
.
.
4 Electron Photomicrograph of Airborne Particulates
5 Electron Photomicrograph of .Airborne Particulates
6 Electron Photomicrograph of A.irbome Particulates
7 Comparison of Tine-Ueightsd-Average Fiber and Respirable
Dust Exposures, Mill Samples
.
8 Comparison of Fiber Concentrations by Optical and
.
Electron Microscopy
'
9 Mean Yearly Impir.ger Dust Concentrations for Mine Operations
10 Mean yearly Inpinger Dust Concentrations for Mill Operations
TABLES
1 Sources of Talc Bulk'Samples Obtained from Talc Suppliers 2 Summary of independent Analyses of Talcs Produced at the-
Gouverneur Talc Company and Obtained fret Suppliers
i CRMC-HT-TALC-000277
CONTENTS.
Abstract;
'
'
'
Ackftowledgsfflfinfca
.
,
Introduction
'
Description of the Facilities
Description of Operations andControls
Medical, Industrial Hygiene and Safety Programs
Inspection of Mine and Mill Operations
-
Potential Health Hazards
Housekeeping.
Study Methods
'
Bulk Sample Collection and Analysis .
'
Air Sampling and Analysis
'
Study Results
. Bulk Sample Analyses
.
.
.Air Samples .
.
Comparison of Sampling and Analytical L-.et..cds
Comparison of Present and Past exposures
Discussion
'
_
,
Conclusions.and Recommendations
References
,.
' '
. .
.
. -t .
!
Appendi...-^^ py.cduCt Safety Data Sheets for R.T. Vanderbilt Talcs
II Results of individual Air Samples and Summary Statistics _or
HICSH Industrial Hygiene Study
'
< FIGURES;
'
7
1 Gouverneur Talc Company, Inc..Simplified Flow Sheet
32
2 Aspect Patios for Airborne Anthophyllite Fibers
33
3 Aspect Ratios for Airborne Tremolite Fibers
34
4 Electron Photomicrograph of Airborne Particulates
5 Electron Photomicrograph of Airborne-Particulates
35
6 Electron Photomicrograph of A.irnorae Particulates ^ ^
36
7 Comparison of Tima-'.weightsd-Average Fiber and Respirable 39
Dust Exposures, Mill Samples .
.
'
'
Comparison of. Fiber Concentrations by Optical and
.
43
Electron Microscopy
, '
Mean yearly. .Impinger Dust Concentrations for Mine Operations
48
9
49
10 Mean yearly Impincer Dust Concentrations for Mill Operations
TABLES
1 Sources of Talc Bulk Samples Obtained from Talc Suppliers
12
2 Summary cc Independent Analyses of Talcs Produced at the
16
C-cuverneur Talc Company ar.d obtained from suppliers
1
&
Tables Con't
CONTENTS
3 " Summary of MICSH Electron Microscopic Analyses'of Talcs
.
SProduced at the Gouverneur Talc Company and Obtained From.Suppliers
4 Results of x-P ay Diffraction and Petrographic _Miarcscopic. Ana-y*es
of Talc Samples Collected During Study .
,
Results of Trace .Metal Analyses of Bulk Talc Samples Col.ecte-
During Study
.
,
.
Results of Major Element Analyses of Gouverneur Talc Company
Product Samples
Summary of Time-Weighted-Average Exposures by Job, Gouverneur.
Talc Company Dumber One Mine
8 Summary of Time-V/'eighted-Average Exposures by Job, Gouverneur
Talc Company 'lumber Cne Mill
.. .
Comoariscn of Optical and Electron Microscopic Facers Concentration*
Summary of Airborne Fiber Types Determined by Analytical Electron
-
Microscopy
,
Sununarv of Airborne, Fiber Diameters for Positive rmphisoles
Summary of Airborne.Fiber'Lengths for Positive Ampnico.es
_
Asnect Ratios for Positive Amphibolas Determined by Elactron Microscopy
Summary of Stationary Samples for Correlation of Sampling ..et..od- . ;
Comparison of Impinger and Optical Fiber Count Results
.
Comparison of Optical and Electron Microscopic Fiber Concentrations
Summary of Historic Impir.ger Dust Measurements at t..e Gouverneur
Talc Company
,
._
'
18 Summary of Historic Fiber Exposure Measurements at the Gouverneur
Talc Company
.
* .
o> o
i i 5 7! * `I 18;
IS:
21
23
24
2"
28
2 3 37 40 42 44 46
47
CRMC-HT-TALC-000279
ABSTRACT
A industrial hygiene study was undertaken at the Couvernaur Talc Company,
.
number one mine and mill, during >tevsfc*r 3-7, 1975.. Samples w 7re co'L&cUii
to evaluate exposures to resdirable dust, dree silica and asbesto' `.iters. In
addition im.pir.ger samples were collected tor comparison with past exposure
measurements. Bulk product talc samples were also collected for ir.eralcgical
analyses by both MICSH and independent consultant laboratories.
'
Results or mineralogical analyses of talc product samples by all laboratories concluded that asbestifom minerals (trem.olite ar.d antnophy.liita) were pre sent. Time-weighted-average fiber exposures in mine and mill operations ware found to range from 1.7 to 9.8 fibers > 5 ym/cc -and time-weighted-average re spirable dust exposures were found to range from 0.25 to 2.96 mg/m3 . Mo.free
silica exposures were found to exceed the MICSH recommended standard of 50 Mg/
m3. Electron microscopic analyses of the airborne dusts shewed 28 to 45% of airborne fibers to be anthophyllite with lesser quantities (12 to 19%) of tremolite. More than 90% of the airborne fibers ware shorter than 5 urn in lengt
A review of historic exposure data of these operations and epidemiological data concerning health effects of exposures to tramoiite and anthophyllite are included in addition to recommendations for workplace improvements to
reduce exposures.
.
iii
. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
,:
Mike Grannan and Ssic Kue of 'n i o s k and Jim Salois of MESA assisted in... collection of the industrial'hygiene samples. ' Mike Hannan, Hoheet .
Phillips and Kenneth M* Walling Cord a s s i s t in the optical asbestos fiber analyses and Terr/`Boyle and Dennis Roberts assisted in reduction
of the field and laboratory data. Dr. D.R. Bowes of the University of
Glasgow kindly performed major element analyses of talc bulk samples.
Analyses.of talc bulk samples were performed by W.C. McCrone Associates and the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of .Mew York.
...
ITP.ODUCTIGM
'
' .
V
The Sara "talc" in tho mineralogical sense .Quotas', a 8?ilic '
7
minerai o th. sheet silicate category [Mg (Si3O20) (OH}4; however,
"talc" in the industrial sense may represent a varied-mixture o f minerals
with similar physical properties as talc.HJ Unfortunately, many past studies
of the health effects of industrial .talc exposures have not adequately i d e n
tified the various hazardous agents which may have been present ill the talcs. -
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (MIOSH) nas
underway an industrywide study of the talc mining and milling industry.
These studies include both epidemiological-studies of exposed worker
populations to determine 'health effects which may be attributed' to the
work environment and detailed industrial hygiene studies to cha ract erise
the various agents to which these workers have been exposed.
.
The "talc" mining area in the vicinity of St. Lawrence County, M e w York,
represents a complex association of amphiboles (anthophyllite, trerr.olite, etc.) talc, quartz, and serpentines.,U> Proportional mortality studies by Kleinfeld et.al.<2,3) of talc miners and millers in this area have demon strated significantly increased mortality due to both malignant and non malignant respiratory diseases. Also, MIOSH analyses of talcs (Mytal 2C0) certified by the Vanderbilt Company not no contain asbestos have demonstrated significant contamination levels of both fibrous tremoiite.and fibrous anthophyilite. W However, id has been stated that these studies are not appro priate since the mineral make-up of talc deposits in this area dicier suestantiaily with each deposit; some containing asbestos while others do not. ' one studyaf) has suggested differences in toxicity among these minerals.
H
#s.
CRMC-nr-TALC- 000282
DESCRIPTION OP TOE 3*ACtLiWS'
''
RaTi Vanderbilt; began talc operations fifths Ceuvarnaur Talc Casisany in
1947 with one mine (#1) and one mill ( H ) . In 1974, the Vanderbilt Corporatic
Acquired all;talc operations of the International Talc Company. From
.
this purchase, Vanderbilt was operating two m i U s (82 and 86), one underground mine (83 mine) and one.open pit .(Arnold Pit) at the time of this study. Only
the 83 mine contains what the Vanderbilt Corporation considers to be fibrous
anthophyllite and this ora is processed in the 83 mill.
The total employment at all R.T. Vanderbilt Mew York talc coerations at the
time of the present study was approximately 170 persona. These are broken
down as follows: '
. '
>
' <
Underground - 41
Open Pit - 13 .
Mills
- 67
Salaried - 49
170
.
'_
'
`
'
.
Employees of these operations are represented'by local 84979 of United Steal
Workers which organized in these talc operations in 1954. All operations
were on a 54 day per week schedule with the mine operating only during the
day shift while the mill operates three shifts.- A list of jqbs and a de
scription of related duties in the number one mins and mill are giver, in
Appendix II.
.
. .
Approximately 19 talc products frcm all of the Company's Mew York talc operations are marketed. Mineral Product Safety Eata Sheets for these orcducts (supplied by ?,.T.. Vanderbilt), are shewn in Appendix I. These talcs are used / in numerour products. Some typical uses -are as follows;
S.^38555*
.
. DESCRIRTICM GP OPERATION AND CCiiTROLS: .
,
. ./
G0U7EAHEUR- TAEC CO, MIME AMD Mill.' (*1 MIMS, A.RMCtp 'PIT AMD !J1 AILL)
.
Surface facilities include the main office, mine office, quality control
laboratory, change room, crusher building and packer building.
Underground hard rock mining methods are employed using jackleg drills to make holes for blasting the ore in open stopes. The number one mine consists of one main shaft 1250 feet in depth with three main working levels branching off. During the present survey, ore was being mined from ap proximately 6 of 26 active stopes, According to. Company personnel, mining follows a typical cycle: blasting is done with gelatin dynamite and AMRO; ' time ip allowed for dust and gases to dissipate; stoning operations are begun including drilling for the next shifts, blasting, and removal of ore. However, seme secondary blasting is done during the work shift.
Ore (muck) from the. stoping areas is loaded into 2 ton rail cars using
either gravity dravcoint loading or scraper (slusher) loading. Ore trem .
these cars is discharged into a central jaw crusher located at the 700 ft.
level although some crushing is also done on the 1110 ft. level. The
crushed ore is loaded into a skip and carried, to the mine headframe where a
gyratory .crusher reduces che ore to approximately 3/4 inch screen size.
The ore is then transported by conveyor belt to cne or four wet ore storage
.
bins in the.mill.
'
.
Approximately 40,000 cfm of mining ventilation is provided to this mine. In addition, the ore may be quite moist, thereby further, reducing dust exposures. Drilling is usually dene using wet methods. At the 700 ft. level crusher, water sprays are also used for dust suppression.
CRMC-HT-TALC-000285 H
In-addition to ores frctr. the number ono 'mine, the number one mill also, receives. oros for first stage crushing from the Arnold Pit -located ap* proximately one mile from 'he mill. Ores are mined from the Arnold Pit usj traditional hard rock open pit mining methods by drilling blastholes 'then blasting to break the ore. A' front loader is used to load ore into trucks by which the ore is transported to the primary crushers which are located at the open pit. There re no dust collectors on the open pit crusher.
In the number one mill, various grade tal-c products are produced by dry grinding operations. A- simplified flow sheet for the milling operations is given in Figure 1,
Ores from the vet ore storage bins are periodically sampled by the quality
control lab to determine appropriate product grade. The ores are first
ground in a cone crusher followed by drying in a rotary dryer. The dry
ore is next further reduced using a gyratory disc crusher to produce a
minus 12 to 14 mesh product. The product is next screened on vibratory
screens and transported to one of six dry ora silos. Fine grind products
are made from these ores using either Kardinge pebble mills in.closed'
circuit with Raymond separators or impact crushers in closed circuit
with fluid energy mills.
.
. .
,
.
The fine ground powder is scored in one of several concrete silos, hese silos are filled using a bettor, filling technique patented by P..T. '-'ar.derhi1 Material from these silos is withdrawn by air slides and pumped to the packaging ar.d shipping areas.
mu : sa
W'jy vIjiU'l.Vi'. li'K'-V 'A,.-! 'UH' I
SIMPLIFIED FLOW SHEET
Undert.roincl Hlnu* - 5 Grades of ora
.
""
V
'
Underground, Jaw 'Crushed
(Minus -V"j Mace rial)
.
M a i n Shaft: - b Ton Skip. 'Holeting Capacity 90 Toni per hour
Surface GyratoryCrusher
(Minus 1"|Material)
'
Belt Conveyor to Hill
r
Automatic Sampler*
.
Y
. .
4 Wet .Ore Bins - Cjpncity-90 Tons each
*
r
Fine Crushing and Drying Circuit
' r
(Minus 12 Mesh Material)
5 Dry Ore.Silos - Capacitv-jQO Tons Each
Pebble Hill Grinding; Circuit*
3 - 10 ft. x 66" Pebble Mills in closed circuit with 3
Air Separators
Coarsely Ground .
. Material
+
.
Fluid Energy Grinding Circuit*
14 Fluid Energy Mills'using
heated compressed air
.
-I*
Finished Product
Finished Product
,
I
Total Capacity of Grinding Circuits is 600 Tons per day
+
+
Vibrating Screens
Vibrating Screen.
,
T
. (To remove tramp material)
*
'4*
(To remove tramp.material)
1
Low Pressure Air Conveying System
Low Pressure Air Conveying System
,
T
Alpine Classifying Circuit*
4 - Mikroplex 800 units
+ L.P. Air Conveying System
(Note All finished 'produce silos filled from bottom .
for'becter mixing of silo contents)
T 6 Finished Product Silos
T
2 Finished Product Silos
5 Finished Predace
Silos
Capacity - SO to 400
Tons each
I
Capacity - 400 Tons each Capacity
\ + _
Low Pressure Air Conveying-. 5vs terns
70 to 1500 Tons each
Bag Packing Plant
Honper Cars* far bulk, shipments
50 lb. multi wal^ bags'
Bon Cars*
Trucks
Track Scales
Sampling Paint
hs#$5s*s . . . '.`y :?'i 1"T-" t
giPS
i & J }
\
1
i
Talc may be either sold in bulk'or package,in '50 ib;.'valve ,ty? ikrais
paper bags. Bag packaging.is done-using pneumatic packing machines.
In general, ventilation systems within the mill are quite good. Most
material-transfer points are provided with local exhaust ventilation and
bucket elevators and conveyors are maintained under negative pressure.
At the bagging machines, local exhaust -ventilation is provided at the
rilling spout in addition to downdraft ventilation at the bag hooper. For bulk car loading, the telescopic loading spout is provided with a
local exhaust ventilation collar,
Air pollution controls consist largely of baghouse dust collectors,
although a cyclone is used on the mine headframe gyratory crushers.
Much of the collected material is recycled to the product streams.
No products from the number or.e mine or Arnold Pit were being labeled
with the OSHA asbestos warning at the time of this study.'
_ '
OTHER MINES AMD MILLS
-
The #3 mine was not observed during this study. The i*3 ar.d "6H mills
were observed during a previous visit. The #3 mill produces products
considered by the Company to. contain ar.thcphyliita asbestos. These
products are labeled with the CSKA asbestos warning label. Milling
operations at these mills are basically the same as those previously
described for the ~I mill with minor variations. Dust control measures
are not, however, as effective as those.observed in'the "1 mine and are
being further improved.
(
'
MEDICAL, INDUSTRIAL'HYGIENE AMD/SAEETY J^OSKAMg.
Only first-aid medical facilities' are .'available' at the Gouverr.eur Talc
Co. Hew employees are given a pre-employment examination consisting ai
a work history, medical history,physical examination, and chest x-ray.
Periodic examinations including a chest x-ray have been given at yearly
intervals. All examinations are given by a local physician who consults
with the Plant.
*
Plant safety is handled by a Plant. Safety Director (Floyd Robinson) .
Monthly departmental safety inspections are conducted by Union and Plant
personnel in addition to monthly safety meetings. Personnel protective .
equipment presently used in the mine includes hard hats, mine lights,
personnel rescuers, safety glasses, and safety boots all of which are pro
vided by the Company.. In the mill, safety glasses are encouraged and
workers at talc'bagging operations are provided with dust masks which,
according to observations made during this study, are only sporadically
used. Hearing protection is provided for specific operations in the mill
and mine. In 1974, there were 9 reported (lost time) accidents in the
mine and 2 in the mill,
. -
.
The Company presently does not maintain the services of a full_ time i.ndustria hygienist. Seme-sampling is conducted by the Plant Safety Director in additi to yearly sampling by the insurance carrier. Air sampling in these operation has also been conducted by the Hew 'fork Division of Industrial Hygiene and the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA). . '
.
^ INSPECTION OF MIMS AMD HILL..OPERATIONS. .
..
.
*
*
' '
'.
POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS'
;
The following ace potential health hazards noted during this visit:
1, Respiratory exposures to mineral dusts (fibrous and
"
non-fibrous tremolite and anfchophyl'lita, talc, serpentine,
.
quartz, etc.) in. mining and milling operations.
2, Excessive noise exposures in selected plant operations.
3, Exposures to blasting gases in mining operations uuirir.g
secondary blasting.
.
.HOUSEKEEPING .
...
In general, housekeeping in these operations was judged to.be acceptable.
Some loose talc was, however, noted on the floors in the talc bagging '
operations. Numerous leaks at material transfer points were noted in
the mill,
10
' . . /. swii (E-rnces , ;- '
v;
sut* S.V-SLS cs&isicch anc a'.alsis.
.
.
;' :
ampl-3'& i .products baing produced and bagged *9 d u industrial
h vrie^ study war* collected cor laboratory minera l aical assay. to addition,
saver. talc sampl-i; ^reduced at this mine and mill were collected crcm in dependent talc supplier? (Table 1) for sir.esalogisal assay. Several ore
samples were also collected .during mi.r.e' sampling.
.
Analyses of collected bulk camples were performed by both KICSK and inde
pendent consultant laboratories. The seven talc bulk samples'collected .
from talc suppliers ware submitted to both Walter C. McCrone Associates
Incorporated and to the Mount Sinai School of Medicine for independent . .
analysis b y -x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and electron microscopy.
These same samples were also analysed by MICSK for the presence of asbosti-
form fibers by electron microscopy using electron diffraction and energy .
d isp ersiv e-x-ray analysis for fiber identification
'
'
Bulk samples collected during the industrial hygiene study were submitted, to
Walter C. McCrone Associates .Incorporated for mir.eralcgical analyses by x-ray diffraction (using step scanning methods) and optical microscopic
analyses.' These same s a m p le s were analysed by MICSH for selected trace
metals by atomic absorption spectroscopy (after acid digestion). . . a
several oreducts produced at the numrer In addition to the above analyses,
line and mill and, suomittsda to vNiCStr. w-v/ va?.--dee.-sbii..lt ware analy-sed. .for one mi cnemicai ccmoosition cy ;r. D.?.. Bowes of the Department ot Geology, --s
11
Table 1
Sources of K.T. Vanderbilt Talcs Produced^at the Gouverneur Talc Company, Member One Mine
".and Mill ar.d Obtained. retn Suppliers
Product Name
Nytal 300 Mytal. 400
5M 325 X FT 3X
Source
Ml OSH
Crone Chemical p,,0. Box 14042 Houston, Texas
77021
001. . . 002
Paul Crazier company 1115 Silver St. Houston, Texas 77007
003
004
005
006
. 007
<3
1
3.2
CRMC-HT-TALC-000292
University of Glasgow. 'For those anlyeaa,bjf*.Dowaa.uflnd spactrophotonusttry.
for s i 02 , T i 02, A l203/ total > ( F ^ by Viifforoncsf fromTaO). and PgOs . ; _
determintior.s. Atomic absorption analysis was used for kno, MgO and CaO.
Flame photometry was. used fer MHaa.o and v^o and v;.;fc chemical assay was used ft
(10)
*
FeO.
AIR SAMPLING M D ANALYSIS1
. .' 1
Personal air samples were collected from the breathing zone (miners and mills'
to determine time-weighted-average exposures to respirable dust, tree silica,
and asbestos fibers. Personal samples for respirable dust and free silica
were collected at a flow rata of 1.7 1pm using 37 ra diameter polyvinyl chloride filters (ore-weighed) preceeded by 10 mm nylon cycor.e separators.
Samples for asbestos fiber analysis wore collected on open faced 37 mm diamet
Millipore Type AA filters (0.3 pm pore sits) at 'a flew rata of 1.7 1pm. Ra-
spirdbla*samplers were allowed to operate for the full work 'shift while
asbestos samples were changed periodically during .the work shift as needed
to prevent overloading of filters. *
`
Proe silica concentrations wore determined using.x^ray di*.fraction
specified ir. the NICSH silica Criteria Document. (S) All asbestos samples were analyzed using the NICSH phase contrast counting teennigue.' 1 In . addition, a representative portion of the asbestos samples were randomly
chosen and analyzed by electron microscopy using selected area electron
ciifrcoion 2.nd ir.--
x^rsv r m i r 3 rcr
-Gsr.---.----wS-ion*
electron nicrcsccoy was also
to etsmr.i arrrorr.o rirer ccnc-r.tratrcr.st
and site (diameter ar.d length) distributions, !'7^ Samples for electron
microscopic analysis were prepared using a modification cf methods described
by Ortiz.
'
'
'
' .
13 `j_fe.-
CRMC-HT-TALC-000293
in order to relate results of the present industrial hvsiana-study to past;
studies in these operations, midget impinge* samples'also v 'taken- in
a manner identical to past sampling techniques, 3reathing sons impir.car
' samples were collected in ethyl alcohol at a flow rate of 0.1 ctm with .
sampling periods ranging from IS to 30 minutes. These samples were
counted at the end of each 'work, shift using Dunn counting- cells and
bright field optical microscopy (100X). T w o 'preparations were made for
each sample and allowed to settle for 30 minutes and counts made by two .
counters. Whan counts differed, by more than 10%, new preparations were
made and recounted.
'
In addition to personal sampling,' stationary samples ware taken to
further attempt correlations between inpi.oger counts, respirable mass
concentrations, total mass concentrations, and asbestos fiber concen
trations. Midget impingers were collected as described above using a
sequential sampler (24 samplers) such that the entire work shift was
.
sampled. Simultaneously, respirable and total mass samples were col
lected at flow rates of 10 1pm using 37 mm diameter polyvinyl chloride
filters (ore-weighed). The respirable samples were collected using
st; inless steel cyclone and free silica analyses of the respirable dust '
performed using x-ray dif/racticn.^ Asbestos count samples were collected
and analyzed as described above for personal samples. I
.
14
STUDY SESUiTS
3ULI< SAMPLE ANALYSES
.*
. ' ' .
Results of analyses of the seven talc samples obtained from supplies'
'
* .
.
'
.
are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Copies of the reports submitted by McCrone
and Mt. Sinai and analytical data obtained by NICSH are given in Volume
II of this report. These reports all concluded that asbestiforn tremolite
,,' '
>
' '
and anthochyllita vers present in these samples. In addition, Mt, Sinai
and NICSK- reported trace quantities of chrysotila in some samples. The
only major discrepancy, notable is a higher quarts contant for each sample
reported by Mt. Sinai. NICSH analyses tend fed'support .the lower McCrone
results which is substantiated by 'the air sample results. ,
Results of MIOSK-.electron microscopic analyses of these talcs, given in
Table 3, show that a majority of the fibrous particles in these samples are
anthophyllite (67 to 88%) with smaller quantities of tremolite (4 to 12%).
A large majority of the tremolite identified by x-ray diffractipn is not
fibrous. Anthcphyllits fibers with very large aspect ratios (1000/1) were
observed. A close association between talc and tremolite has been demon" .
strated by stemple and Brindley.
'
. '
.
Results of further x-ray diffraction and petrographic microscopic analyses' (McCrT/ne)"of/product samples collected during the study are shewn, in Table . 4. These results are in basic agreement with previous results given in Table 2, As can be seen in Tafcie 3, ail trace metals for which analyses were performed, with the exception of iron ar.d manganese, were essentially absent. Only insignificant quantities of iron and manganese were detected.
15
SjXfi-L
1
- s '''is&U1-/.'SVei ;/.<' "-wiu't--'r'iSc1
Jte
;' lY ii^* fa-- j#***^.
:ii'ncitiL
-- ..H...m_Sc
...
1 iChiul i Mc.Ci une ML. Sii'iu1
My ta 1 A00
50-60 24
Table' 2
Summary of Independent Analyses of Talcs Produced at the Gouverneur Talc
Company Number One Mine and Mill. Samples Obtained From Talc Suppliers
Nytal 300
40-50 IB
Percent Composition by Weight
' 5X.
X
3X
. t FT ` 1 `
40-50 27
>50-60 50-60
50-60 32 .
50-6.0 , 17
' 325
'veO 24-
An Li:uphy ili Le
: Math one
.
i M l . Sinai
Present .* 2-3
*
*
4-5
Present
Present *
* A
k
A
7-9
* `
. *
5-7
l-Quar Lr j McGrone 1 Ht. Sinai i
;t.r[ionlillc'J
` MaiJc.`nc
: M Sinai
0 .5-1.0
.
7-10
- 10.-15 j 14-IS
2 9-10
10-15 14-la
`cl.5 8-9 .
.10-12 14-18
<0.5 9-10
'VlS 26-30
0 .5-1.0 7-8
<v30 31-35
AiV
'Vi. 5
A*
. 3-4
^20 26-30
10-12 19-23
.* bclov; detection limits using x-ray diffraction (line scan by McCronc, step scanning by Mt. Sinai)
.*A .below detection limits by step scanning.
o
a
Table 2
Summary of Independent Analyses of Talcs Produced at the Couverneur Talc
Company Number One Mine and Mi'll. Samples Obtained From Talc 'Suppliers
M itlet.a I . H )ii:3e
'Ti'uiul i'te .
?!t. ;;iitd )
liytal 400
50-60
2 A
..
liytal 300
40-5 18
Percent Composition by Weight
.
5X
, 3X
AO-50 '1 .
>50-60 50-60
50-60 32
FT
50-60 17
Airis 'pity11iLu ; Z'jct- <Jfiir ; Ml. Simi i
Present ' 2-1
*
Present
Present
A
4-5 . ' 7-9
-- --
A
A
J'E Y. . i ; Mo<.rL>i6t
0 .5-1.0
-
j Ml- Hi .
-
1 !
*
,,
7-10
iSc.uctiLiuti i MvliiLiltir . fit. Si uai
10-15
`
. 14-10
. 2 9-10
10-15 14-18
'
M . .5
'
. 8-9
10-12 14-18
<0.5 9-10
0 .5-1.0 7-8
. A A' A k
-v.15 26-30
'
<30
31-35
--------- --------
<0 26-30
* " l.Lriuw detection IJmiIn using, x-ray diffraction (line scan by McCrone, step scanning by ML, Sinai), tielou tieLee Lion limits by step scanning.
325
'v-fiO 24
k 5-7
*1.5 . 3-4
10-12 19-23
Table 3
.Summary of NIOSH Electro Microscopic Analyses of Tale Produced at the Couverneur Talc Company Number One Mine and Mill
Samples Obtained Prom Talc Suppliers
- -
.
*J> 3 e:
A O'
[: ; a ! 3(10
b>:
'
I;' X .
'
1 ' i/! ' I"' IT
S ' 'l~*J '
Range of Fiber Aspect Kollos
3 / 1 lo 1 0 0 0 / 1
.3/1 to 100/1 5/1 l o 100/1 B/l to 80/1
b / l lo T O O /! *
3/1 l o 50/1 3/1 l o 50/1
Tiber Identification (Percent) * *
Positi ve Amphiboles Tremulire Anthophylli Le
Positive Chryuotile.
Mon Asbestos
Not* ; Identified
8 ' 12
88
.
72
H .l).
; . .'
li -,
N.D.
. '4
;-----
12
11 .
80
Trace
A
.
5
6
80
1 2
87
N.D. .
2
12
'
M.D.
... .
/,
'
16
16
72
6
83
N.D. Trace
'
4
.7
8
--
/s l r u le d arja di ffraction pat terns not sufficient for positive identification
:
!\ iLett " /I of all 'fibers analyzed !>y count and not by mass. ,All fiber lengths analyzed
e--` bene Du L n : L ed
.
.
Table 4
Results of X-Ray Diffraction and l'etrograpliic Microscopic Analyses of Hulk Talc Samples Collected During Study Couverneur Talc Company, Number One Mine, and Mill
11
'
fg . . ,
Hiaeta I
p t.uuupan e'tsL
liai o' -- ~
Trt.:;..ol i to
`it!ta.ipby HitLee --
i,itu.it tz
pcali-lte
I),-ItnulLi: :
Bisri-imt inys.
Ta ie i'T
11- ID
My Lai 100
43-4B
e/,0
^3~J
MO
M .5
2.6
<0.25
1
<0.5
1
<0.5
-10-15
10-15
Cample Analyses, 7 by Weight
Ceramat ale 11!)T
Uy ta 1
.
200
30-35
33-3
`<49
'<63
'<0 '
Nytal 300
35-40
'<38
10
<0.25 0
<0.5 J 10-15
0.7
!
0.8 `
o
<0.5
.
<.0.5
<0.5
10-15
- 10-15
W*. in.: had us ifzardl.te and antigorite.
Uytal 200 '<14
H '<59 15 1.1 <1 <0.5 '<10
O
o H
JJl O o to o
> t\y*'i
:w -...
-- r . -jvyvf'i
/*'- *
V r</v
-- -----
-v .
.
'; rfe
Table 3
Results of Trace Ms cal Analyses of Bulk laic
'
Samples Collected During. Study
Gouverneur Talc Company, Humber One Mint and Mill
1 !'ijiUict itawe'
I'i'uic IT ilJytar, 100
llbr
SUyKit liisb
l)5y ) 1 !
Wyi.ai IT
'Date '
| Cullucted
t
'
13/4/75
13/4/75
33/4/75
JJ/4/75
| 31/1/75
| iinns
. Cr
. 1 3 ?. 3 2 3
. Co 1 <1 2
' 2 3 2
Trace Metal, PCM*
Pe
M.-i | Hi
noo
1700 .
'.7
1000
840
5
. 830
1000
6
070
13.00
7
1000
1700
' 5
900
1400
........
5
* -j'aacu fflctala determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy
2n
Cd
20 <1
19
<1
17
<1
20
<1
23 "
<1
.'22
<1 .
O
I ?4l X
6 v ii e
Results of Major Element; Analyses of Gouverneur Talc Company, Number One -Mill, Product Samples*
OL <St 11
3JU-,,
] j
iiytai 100 ,
54.85 . '
*
`
Ny tal 200
54.52
My Lai : 400
56.1.1
Sample Analyses, 7. By Weight* ,
Cerami ta lc ;
Cerami talc
1.
10A
56.14
52.81
Cerami calc . 3.0AC
Cerami calc HOT
52.47
55.47
no;
ts.04
-.V-a N *
i
. ^
3 1
' .
&. 18 . 10 .Od 0 .11
20.40
0.15 0.32 0.1,3 0.03 0.20 ' 2 a..'?8 . *
0.07 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.22 2.9.40
0.03 0.13 0.11 0.03 ' 0.15 29.56
0.08 0.16 0.08 0.03 0.12 30.20
0.04 . 0.11
0.06 0;01 0.10 . * 30.56
0.07 . 0.13
0.11 0.03 0.12 29.10
V>.02
8 .53
7.50
7.40
8.15
8.30
8.25
.
Gfi- o
'
0.44
0.18
0.25
0. Hi
0.17 .
0.10
'
0,10 '
iS.Oi '
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.38 0.10 0.03
0 ;16 0.10 0.03
0.18 0.13 . 0.03
5.3/
5.07
5.00
5.56
6.07
6.67
5.24
1.35
1; 15 . 1.03
0.96
1.30
0.98
0.84
100.. 17
99 .52 !
__________ ------ -------- --
99.90
100.45
99.51
99.59
99.59
tas.ijjJuu siiPii.iLi eti to tllOSli by U.T. Vanderbilt, Analyses performed by Dr . D.R. Bowes, Universi ty of Glasgow.
3j itile ;;iljnij e'1 uni3y
In reference 10. .
.
Talc Seels** 61.49
0.01 1.20 0.38
1.07 0.00 30.54 0.46
' -- , ' ~ '-- .
5.00 5.00 ,
CRMC-HT-TALC-000301
- "'''*;" :' B
Results o major elements analyses by'Dr. 3cu<as' are 'shown In Tabla; oV.-.'-R'.e high cao consent of these talcs correlates reasonably well with the obsrve high tromplita content.' Other carbonates axeapt traces f calcita are afese or negligible.in these talcs as demonstrated by low C02 v a l u e s . T h e Fe and Mn analyses are consistent with the results Shorn in Table 5. These major element analyses are in basic agreement with results obtained by Ross et.al.^1'1? for talcs in the Arnold Pit and by Dreessen^18) or talcs in thi Ross et.al, also suggested that an additional manganese-rich amchibole,' tiredite, may be found in trace quantities in these' deposits. Also, .the major element analyses shown in Table do show 0.12 to 0:2.2% MnO; however, no manganese-rich amphiboles were detected by the electron microscope analy using selected area electron diffraction and microchemical analysis.
20 CRMC-HT-TALC-000302'
AIR SAHPL2S .
r
/
. .' . .- "
A brief description of'each job, sampling and 'analytical methods U3d, re
sults of all.individual samples and appropriate summary statistics are
shown in Appendix IX. Jobs are identified by.4 digit job cades. Tabular
summaries of time-weightsd-averaga exposures by job Gategor/ fes tr-e mine
and mill are given in Tables 7 and 3, respectively.
Tables 7 and S show free silica exposures to be very low. The highest . time-weighted-avaraga free silica exposure observed was 0.040 mg/m3 which is below the 8 hour time-weighted-averaga exposure value of 0.05 mg/m3 re commended by MIOSH for this material.. <5> despicable dust exposures.ranged from 0.25 to 2.96 mg/m3, Mo respirable dust, standard has been datarrar.ad fo. the mineral talc or talc containing fibrous tremolite or anthophyl.Ute.
Breathing tone im.oinger concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 13.8 million
particles per cubic foot of air (mppcf) with highest concentrations being .
observed in the mine. The present OSHA and MESA standard for "talc" contain-
/ n \
ing < free silica and no asbestos fibers is 20 mpper.
.
Due to. its fiber'content, the occupational asbestos exposure standard must be applied to exposures to materials from these mining and milling operations. Time-weighted-average asbestos fiber exposures in excess or five fibers > 5 pm/cc were observed for the following jcb categories
(1) Mine Crusher Operator
(2) Trammer
; -
(3) Mine Cageman
' '
.
.
.
:
22
T ab le 7'
' *
'
,
Summary of Time-Weighted-Averge Exposures
By Job, Gouverneur Tale Co, Humber One .line
Job Code
Job Title.
5 Asbestos
fibers > pm/ee (Optical Microscopy)
Rasp. Mass mg/m-'
Impinger
mppcf
Free- Si( mg/mJ
0102 ' Crusher Operator
*----- ---1
0103 Trammer
9.8 (4) . 5.6 (25)
0104 .Scrapper Man
--
0105 0106'
Underground Laborer
Driller.
3.0 (5)
0114 Mucker 0115 Cagenan
--
. 9.5 (5)
0301 Repairman
.
_
0302 Repairman's Helper
--
0303 Blacksmith
* '2.6 (3)
0304 Maintenance Mechanic [
1.7 (12)
. __
0.64 (3) 1.29 (3) 0.58 (1) 0.98 (3)
--
.
0.23' (1) 1.14 (1)
0.86 (1)
0.42 (1)
--
.
10.1 (3) 11.8 (5)
.--
00.7 (1) ' 15.8 (1) 2,0 (1)
---
3.6 (1)
1.5 (1)
Humber of samples used for calculation of tima-weighcad-average
( ) values for each job category. Samples for respirable mass and
free S10,, were full shift samples.
!-*
0.020 : 0.012 ' 0.006 : 0.016 1
.... . .
0.000 (
......
0.000 c
Table 8
Summary of Time-Weigh ted-Avernge Exposures By Job, Gouverrieyr Talc Co. Number One Hill
. Job Code
0201 0203 0201 02.06 0203 0209 0211 0212 0213 n?14 0220 0401 0402 0403 0405 0406 0410 0411
Job Title
. Asbestos
Rcsp . Mass
fibers > 5 pm/cc
mg/nr*
(Optical. Microscopy)
Impingar mppcf
Free S1O 2 mg/ni^
Mill Foreman General Laborer
Crusher Operator
Hardings Operator
Wheeler Onerator
Packer
Packer Serviceman
Packhouse Foreman
Fork Lift Operator
Car Liner
!
Bulk Car Loader
Millwright '
Instrument Repairman '
Machinis t
Millwright Helper ,
Sheet :Metal Worker
Oiler
Welder
5.3(9) 5.6 (5) 5.1 (16) 7.9 (14) 8,4 (14) 5,1 (48) 3.6 (11) ' 1.5 (5) 4.0 (15) 3.4 (4) 2.0 (3) 1.9 (3) '2.8 (6) 1.8 (3) 4.0 (2)
.(3) 4.0 (4) '
1.9 (3)
0.53 (2)
2.9 (2) 0.013 (2)
1.14 (1) i 0.5 (1) 0.014 (1)
0.85: (2)
2.6 (4) .0.020 (2)
1.09 (2)
3.4 (2) i 0.012 (1)
1.56 (2)
3.1 (2) 0.012 (1)
. 0.59 (.9)'
3.6 (6) 0.010 (7)
0.42 (2)
2.1 (I) 0.007 (2)
0.25 (2)
-- .
0.014 (2)
. 0.35 (3) 0.31 (1)
1.5 (2)
--
0.000 (1) 0.000. (1)
0 .'25 (1) . -- , . .0.016 (1)
2.37 (2)
--
0.040 (2)
0.59 (2) 0.40 (i) 2.96 (1) 0.50 (1)
--
0.000 (1)
--
0.016 (1)
--
0.000 (1)
-- ..
0-013 (1) :
' 0.72 (1) 0.75 (1)
--
. 0.016 (1)
--
( ) a Number of samples used.for calculacin of time-weig'nced-avarage
values for each job category. Samples for respirable mass and
free SIX^ were full shift samples.
'
)
CRMC-HT-TALC-0003 05 21
pa>m >l .^>; iVo f3&'if<$c,>!fti&W '0}.\(i
,
. ' Table 7
Summary of Tiaie-Welghted-Average Exposures1 Sy Job, Gouverneur Talc Co. Number One1Mine
Job Code
Job Tide
Asbestos .
Rasp. Mass Impingar r&
fibers > 5 um/cc
mg/id
mppCf
m-
(Optical Microscopy)
0102 Crusher Operacor
.
9.3 (4)
--1
--
--
0103 Tranimer
'
0104 Scrapper Man
0105 Underground Laborer
0106 ' Driller
.
0114 Mucker
.
' 5.6 (25) -- --
:' 3.0 (5) *
0.64 (3) 1.29'(3) 0.53 (1) 0.93 (3) --
10.1 (3) 0 .(
11.8 (5) o.<
--
O.i
00.7 (1) 0.!
15.8 (1)
0115 Cageman
. 9-5 (5)
; 0.23 (1) .
2.0 (1) --
0301 0302 0303
Repairman : Repairman's' Helper Blacksmith .
.
~ 2.6 (3)
1.14 (1)
~~ '
0.86 (1) . 3.6 (1)
--
--
0 .
0304 Maintenance Mechanic
1.7 (12) .
0.42 (1)
1.5 '(I)
o.c
( ) = Number of samples used for calculacin of time-weighted-average
values for each job cacagory. Samples for respirable mass and1
free Si02 were full .shift samples.
.
CRMC-HT-TALC-000306
(4) Mill .'Foreman ' . .
(5) Mill Laborer
'
(6). Crusher Operator
.
(7) Hardings Operator
1
(8) Wheeler .Operator
(9) Packer
'
'
*
.
'.
.
. '
.
. .
In addition, 17 of the 24 job-catagories samples had time-weighted-average
exposures exceeding the current OSHA standard.of 2.0 fibers > 5 |im/ec^ and
all operations exceeded the CSHA proposed standard o.: 0.5 fibers > 5 unt/
cc. (12)
'
'
The following job catagories had exposures in excess of the CSHA and MESA.
allowable ceiling value of 10 fibers > 5 ym/cc
(1) Mine Crushers Operator
(2) Trammer
. .
.
(3) Mine Cageman .
'
(4) Mill Foreman
(5) Mill Laborer '
`
(6) Crushers Operator
C7) Hardinge Operator
. .
,
.
(8) Wheeler Operator
-
(9) Packer
-
,
''
'
Individual sample results; as determined by electron'microscopy, art shewn' in Table 9 and time-weighted-average fiber concentrations' by job are shewn in Table 14 or Appendix IT. In these tables, "positive asbestos" means only those identified by electron diffraction: therefor these concentrations
25 CRMC-HT-TALC-000307
' ^present iniu estim ate'of tru6 total airbor* aabasfe^cericant-ations.
As shown- in;Appendix II, time-weighted-average positive asbestos fiber ex posures as determined by electron microscopy ranged from .9.5 to 70.6 fibers/ cc (all lengths) with concentrations in the mill tending to be slightly /higher. As shown'in Table 9, total fiber concentrations (all types and lengt for individual samples ranged from 11.6 to 139.5 fibers/cc.
A summary of airborne fiber types as determined by electron microscopy is .
shown.in Table 10. In the mine, 38% of the airborne fibers were identified
as anthophyllite w h U e 19% were tremolite and 39% were unidentified, m the
mill, 45%.of the fibers were anthophyllite, 12% tremolite and 38% unidentifie-
Three percent of the fibers' in the mine and 2% in the mill gave chrysotile
electron diffraction patterns. The presence of chrysotile i n 'the air samples
is consistent with the results of bulb sample analyses by Mt. Sinai and
NIOSH where trace quantities of chrysotile were noted in seme samples. . All
chrysotile fibers observed in the air samples were less than 1 ym in length.
Nearly all of the serpentine minerals identified in the bulb samples is
lizardite.
`
Results of airborne fiber size determinations (diameter and length) for
tremolite and anthophyllite fibers are shown in Tables 11 and 12 with
appropriate summary statistics. As was expected, tremolite fibers tended
to be larger m diameter and shorter.in length than anthcchvliits fibe-o
with size distributions for these minerals being similar for the mine and
" ' ' --udian
er -iameters of 0,19 and 0.13 ym were observed for tremoii-e
and anthephyHite, respectively. In the mine, median fiber lengths of 1.5
um ror tremolite ar.d 1.5 ym for anthophyllite were observed. similar lengths
26
CRMC-HT-TALC-000308
.
: ' v . rMo 9
Conce' ntCroamtipoanrsi,sonCooufoeOrtupituicr aTl aalcndCEomlepcatnryo,n KJ'uUincbroor nOeonptcMiFneibaemr i M ill
* Itnhcelruedfeosre,onlryeprtheosesentss lval acsanisdeervnatci fliuaeblyl e Loculrc -etartoinniatd::i.f f r a c t i o n p actern a; CRMC-HT-TALC-000309
.
.
. Table 10
;
Summary c Airborne Fiber Types Deearainad By Analytical Electron Microscopy-
Gguverneur Talc Company, Number One-Mine and Mill
Operation
Mine ,
Mill
'
Percent of Airborne Fibers (All Lengths)
Positi'/c Aniph iboles*
tremoli te**
nthophyllite**
Positive
Non .
Chrysotile
Asbestos
Mo e Identified***
.
19
33
12
45
3
-
1
2
. _2
39 . ' 38
* . Airborne fibers were identified ns positive amphiboles by selected
area electron diffraction.
'
fcA Amohibolas differentiated by energy dispersive microchemical analysis.
*** Electron diffraction patterns not sufficient for identification; however,
many had x-ray spectra identical to cremolite.
.
23 Sill*
CRMC-HT-TALC-000310
Table 11
Summary of; Airborne Fiber Diameters`er Positive Amphi&Oiea Gouvorneur Talc Company, Humber One Mine and Ml .1,t
Operation and Fiber Type
Median Diameter
pm
' Geo, Scd, Deviation
.Mine*
. '
.
Tremolite.(N=33) Anthophyliice .01*164)
0,19 ' 0.1.3
Mill*
Tremolita (H=160) r
Anthophyliice (M--537)
0.19 0. 13
2.3 2.4
2.4 2.9
95%. Conf.
Interval for
Median Diameter
.
pm
7, .0.5 pm .in Diameter
'0.16-0.23 0.12-0.15
8S
.
'93
0.17-0.22
37
0.12-0.14
90
* Results of all samples combined for distribution analysis. N = Number of individual fibers analyzed.
29
CRMC-HT-TALC-000311
.
.
Tabla 12
.
...
Summary o Airborne Fiber Lengths for Positiva Amphibolas Couverneur Talc Company, Number One -Mine and Mill. ,
Operation and
Mediaiv
Gao.. Std.
952 Cent.
Fiber Type '
Length ' Deviation
' Interval for
pm
Median Length
pm
Mine*
.
Tretnolite (N=83) .
Anthophyllita (N=164)
1.6 .1.5 .
. 1.8 2.6
1.4-1.8 1.3-1.7 ;
Mill*
4
Tremoilce (M= 160)
. 1.5 .
Anthonhyllito (11=087)
.
1.4 . .
1.9 .
1.4-1.7
2.9 . ' ' 1.3-1.5
* -Results of all samples combined for distribution analysis,
N = Number of individual fibers analyzed.
2 < 5 pm in Length
97 90-92
. 97 90
30
vsra
in the- mill* . In the mine and mill, only 3%' ** ^ smslife,a
fibers' were longss' than 3 -pm vhesrsae S-10% o$ tht> anfchdphyllies fib e r s
'
#
.
-
were longer shah' this length.'
.
'
.
The trend for airborne anthoohyllite fibers to.have larger aspect ratios
car. be observed by inspection 'of Figures 2 and 3 and Table 13. Median .
ascecV ratios of 3.5 and 7.5 were observed for ar.thophyllite `and. tremolite
r e s p e c t i v e l y . Only 30^ gf the tremoiita fibers had aspect ratios greater
than 10 to 1 whereas 48'% of the antrophyllite fibers had aspect ratios
greater than this value.
'
'
Typical electron photomicrographs of airborne particulates from the mine and mill are shown in Figures 4,5 and 6. In addition to large amounts of analytical data already presented, the asbestiform nature of these fibers may be further appreciated by observation of their "fibril" structures.
31
CRMC-HT-TALC-000313
FIGURE 2 .
A sp ect R a tio s For. A irb o rn e A n th o p h y ltite '' F ib e rs N u m b er One M ine am i M ill (C o m b in e d )
^/Si
J3 o
O
u c 4J -J
o
<
Y~ O UJ
CL
vt <
H = 0 52
C U M U LA TIV E % O F V A L U E S
---- 1----1... 12
1___ |____ _ j ___ |__
5
10
20 3G
< G IV E N R A T IO
i i i j__ I
i
10 50 60 70 00 on
J ___ L
05
0" fl<
______ L 10 oqq
CRMC-HT-TALC-000314
asp ect R atio s For A irb o rn e Trem e lite lu m b e r One M ine and P^III (Com bined)
Fib e rs
1 -
-c M TJ
g
O
jx
M bi
<c3>
t< O'
o}-
IU Cl l/l <
o
o
H
>
r
01
OoO
C U M U LA TIV E % O F V A L U E S
GIVEN r a t io
N --243
-- i-- 2
51-- - 1j0- _ ... i . .. 3i.0
J 40
5J0___60I
.7J0_
i
80*
90 95
99 95.8 99.9 99.99
f
j " ?rsor^rr>*.'3?r,i; -rf-t t
n '"r e ' **
"'` I * " Airborne Particulates fron, ,,,,U l ,,,,,, M11) om W n e
CRMC-HT-TALC-000316
/ 1
v
'. ,
V/ f y 1
\
-
J
'
1'lgure 5: Electron Photomicrograph of Airborne Particulates from Humber, one Mine and' Mill
CRMC-HT-TALC-000317
i->; iiiectron the Photomicrograph of Airborne Particulates from number one Mine and Mill
- rpn<
!-yv ^
Hi xa
\^K
ih-' .*,ryrr?}?`Y~-
>> . i> :
..;x i.
'"' itivi MV V;^ `H X
~r~r% F '
'fA \ `K
&& `
* .<
'" H
%
V
i
. i. v ; -,
H:
.. .
\jT
! - -
&-/.
J^r . j> /:
V:i .('cX J
y \
i; '' N ,
ViV, r
jfl 1
\ > /,
"\ ii i . !
H - -4
*
ln **; p.S:.,s
f
( .if*
r -
;X
Vv \"C, -
if
*> ij l . -.A
4 *' H-
ip-
J,
' / \ . > '* V^r
7
V\ '. \
v \ ; / X *... ' '' '*' ''tv
c i Y'
'
.ti-v-f
<r*j .-
..;1-
V
/
/ X
.>. M
.K <
v t
** *H
. sr'tr:il *J. X 'X
v;-- *' >
. r-if .crw X
V-!-~-J'"' .-'J:y 7
>.
' >?` V
v
..*
^ , ..
; '''> .i ^ i
-./
.' 'v. * ris*** i f , !. v
'v. :
. ;H. - ^ "j-
&
<""7' . " -XH -
W ` i- %
..jV. '**
.
`
&
\.
. t
; - s> -.,
#
'
. .V-,
.
, ,
! .
V, '
&?
'
.4tfi
Hj
,v x
*e i ri* * -
#2
"
\ yj
. ^
(y_ `:VJ.
- %
CRMC-HT-TALC-000318
5 = r S'' >3yiy>. ^`
r:^
; '
- Table 13'
/
;1-
y Aspe:: Ratios for Positive Amphiboles Determined b Elaettran Microscopy
.
- Gouverneur Talc Company, Number One Mine and Mill
,
Aspect Ratio . Measurement
'Median Aspect Ratio .
Aspect Ratio
1 5/1' . .. 10/1
'
' 20/1
50/1
Tramolite*
Mine
Mill
7.5
'7.5
23% 70% 96% >99%
24% 70% 96% >99%
Anthophvllita*
Mine
Mill
9.5
9.5
17%
52%
.
85%
. 99%
15% 52% 88% ' >99%
* Data shown are for a l l fib er lengths
COMPARISON OF SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHOpS '
' '
In order to compare,re su lts of the present study with h is to ric dust measurements, several comparisons were made. Results of. the statio n ary samples for co rrelatio n of sampling and analysis methods are shown in
TaLle 14. Based on these limited data, the following average relationships
were calculated: .
'
'
. .
Ratio'
.resp. dust , mg/m^/mppef .
.
fibers > S ym/cc/rssp. dust mg/n3 .
fibers >. 5 um/cc/mppcf '
. ,
Average' 0.22 6.7 1.2 `
Range 0 .12-0,2 3.1-11.S 0.9-1.4
These data also show that an average of 28 percent of the airborne dust in
the mill is respirable.
'
A further comparison of fiber concentrations determined by optical micro scopy and respirable dust concentrations is afforded' by the paired sersonna]
dust measurements made in the mill, A linear regression analysis of these
time-weighted-average values is shown in Figure ?. The regression-line was
forced through.tr.e null points arter this null hypothesis was tested
and
could not be rejected. A coed correlation (r=0.73) was found between these
two sampling methods. relationship:
The results of this analysis demonstrated the follow!.'
'
. '
fibers > 5 tn/cc/resp. dust, mg/rr = 5 . 3
33 CRMC-HT-TALC-000320
1
Y = 6.3X
tz 0.7' I
fi r
I * !
I
@
n
:> r o
oo
Ul so
10
-1-
1.5
2.0
2.5
Raspi r;tble Dust Mg/M^
FIGURE 7
Comparison of Time Weighted Average Fiber and Respirable Dust Exposures, Hill Samples
-1----------- 1__
3.5
4.0
` Summary .of 'Scationary Samples for Correlacin of .Sampling Methods
' .Gouverneur Talc Companyt Number One Hill ,
,
Sample Station 1 ' 1
1
. ' Total Dust
2.44 (N" l)
T'irae-Weigbted-Average Concentrations
Resp. Dust mg/m^
: Impinger
aippcf
' Asbestos Fibers.> 5um/cc
0.88
(N-l)
.3.5
(N=>12) '
4.4 ' (N-3)
2
1.47
(M-l) '
Q. 36
(N=l)
3
8.81
.-(N-i)
2.14.
(Nl)-
3.0
(H-5)
.7,2 -(N6 )
4.3 (N-- 3)
. . ' 6.7
. (N-2) .
N => `Number of individual samples collected.
The ff* c o r iltae* interval tor thi. < * uas M l c u l i t e d M be 4.1 to 0.5,ii
reinits art
W * tho.. shown in n U . 14 ior th. s t a t i c ^ :
nail samples..
' '
A comparison was' also made between time-weighted-average fiber exposures
(fibers > 5 ym/cc) and impinger dust exposures tapper) -for individuals
'
in the m in e and mill. These results are shown in Table 15. As can be
-
seen, no consistent conversion between these, sampling methods was obtained .
although some differences in conversion values in the mine and rail are
evident. A median conversion ratio (fibers > 5 tVcc/ppcf) of 0.5. .
was obtained for mine.samples whereas a median ratio of 1.7 was obtained
for the mill. ` These differences are statistically significant (p-0.001).
Several possible e x p l a n a t i o n ^ exist for this difference;.however, the .
most plausible is'that fine grinding, which .takes place in the mill, liberates greater numbers of -free- fibers from the host rock. In addition,
finer dust particles in the mill are less efficiently collected-and counted
by the impinger method.
.graphical ccpariacn * . * total fiber concentrations by eiectrcn m i * * -
scopy and fibers > 5 m by optical nicrosccpy is shown in pig-are 8. These
data were foar.d to be highly scattered with no consistent correlation. These
1 in Table 16 and show a significantly different ratio
data are summarized in Toole ^ ana.s.iu,-,
e
.
.
_
> 5 om bv octicai microscopy
of total fibers by .electron microscopy to - e - - . > => ** 0. .
.
. t
between mine and mill samples althcugn no s m g _ e
-<r-*-1v p values can be .
_ estimated.
4
.
'
.
. .
1 .
41
CRMC-H-T-TALC-000323
C om patisco oc Im pingar and O p tic a l F ib er Coirne R e s u lts G ouvetneur T alc Company,' umber One Mine and M ill
Summary
Statistic
.
- 11 1 1 .. '
7
Median Ratio '
Range of.Ratios
.
I
Number of Comparisons
95% Conf. Interval for ' Median Ratio*
. Ratio (fibers > 5 um/ccymppcf) '
Mine
0.5;
0.2-1.2
6
Mill lJ 0 .6-3.4
. '
is
0.3-0.8
1.3-2.2
* Based on log - normal distribution model.
CRMC-HT-TALC-000324
o
U t3
A
l/i
2
o
>0 o
.o
o
o NU>l
0
'
J ____ ________ L
10
20
.10-4---------- _ L40
FIGURE fi Comparison of Fibar Concsntra tiaras by Optical ami Electrcm.Microscopy
&
_____________i____________ i________ !___Jf_________ L-- 1
50
60
70
89
Comparison oc O p tical and E lectron M icroscop ic' F iber C on cen tration s
. G ouverneur T a lc Company, Number One Mine and M ill
. '
Summary Statistic '
_ Ratio (EM total iber/cc/ope. fiber s 5
.
Mine
'1
Mill
Median Racip
.7.1
11.0
.
Range of Ratios
. ' 4.1-12.0
Number of
.
Comparisons
5
95% Conf, Interval* for Median'Ratio
6 .7-7.5 '
'4.7-47.917
,
10.7-11.3
* Based on 'log - normal distribution model.
, COMPARISON 0? ?RESEMT AND pj^T SX?OSURES
.. '
, ; ..
The,. present studios, demonstrate elevated
-
.
'.
. ; d tJCPs^ e -w fts^stifew'ai^g.,.
^ nearly a 1 1 - - 6 *< -ill Process "ooe*ations c
'
,
. .
-e-acions, Comparisons be tv**. D - v
dust fmppcf) and fiber (fibers > : um/ ,
' a
.
.
" . .- M / c a ) exposures and -historic exposure
measurements are shewn in Tables 17 N ie iw a..d 18, respectively,
-- `
*
gathered from a number of sources,
-
.
*
Trends in dust concentrations as a function of \
'
,n . ,
'
f m =tion of calendar time are diff'cul*
to mtrepret-for several m a s o n s *, . '
-
masons. First and most important is the relative
pausity of data on some ooerations orlor to
'
,,
'
'
.. very few. s a n i e s we^a a]eflF1 <
`
t0 aPP-ximateIy 1970.
.
-
Secondly secondly,
' ,
: '
" ^
of these samples is unknown. '
giV6rt
* ie representativeness
.
- -'
For
visual
inspection
of
trends cs
i n*
dj,u\st
concernva+.v
_
1. and ,,ill oft,, t(OTS by
x=ns, av.ras..valu
and 10
S/ 1
"re M l " U ' - -
a and 1 0 , respectively. InsDe-tio'
'
in n w .,
, ,
` 1 0 n filgure 9
consistent`trends
in dust concentrations when all mire ope~afi
'
'
hand th
'
P -atlons are oensidebed.-- 0n the other-
^ n d , the mine exposures for such 0 D ~ a* w '
'
,,
,
P~a.ions as drilling, dragline. loading
tramnung_and mucking show relativeiv r
'
'
. years with only
u
, ./
j .. lignt deviations. .
siatent exposure levels over the'
.
"
This slight-be expected as wer ,
v-vectec as wet drilling
has been a routine practice. In addition
- :
;
. m addition, ores being tuned are relatively
wet. Primary crushing and hoist loading nn
<
"
.
'
:
g .eraticns show.-somewhat of a de
creasing trend. Such controls as wat,, TM , . -
. .
s ^ s / s for cust suppression at
primary crushe>- s.'-o
, ,,
.
. . .
- ^=uu_ erpiamation for this r>-**d
" " .
45 CRMC-HT-TALC-000327
Table 17
Summary of Historic Impinger Dust Measurements at the Gouvcrneur Talc Company Number One Mine and Mill
Mean Ikist Concentration {mppcf)
Jnl> o r O p e r a t i on
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1954 1958 1963 1964 1969 1970 1972 3973 1975
NI0SII 9 75
1 M!u
Di' i 1 1 i ug
5
j P i a l l i n e boati i ng
5
. 13
7
4 5
3
12
7
10
8
3
5
12
1 Ti animi ug j Hacking
29
11
10
3 5
10-15
j i' i liuury Crusici ng 2
26
23
18
13
48
11
5
18
IluisL .oading
70
140
14
ia
10
15
2
M in
SecunJary Climbing
12
23
8
10
12
13
3
UiiecJcr fJr i ud !ng 15
13
5
3 . 11
39
llai'.i 1nge G rim iJ ng
18
14
h' 7
8
'Bagging ! . l'ai et ielag
25
15 . 5
9 '
4 ; a.
40
25 10 .....6 ......
; ii u !t: Ludtii ng
10
!i l.u.iiJJivg Hans
109
39
31 .
62
ji Oll-li-im1i'1 , ,.l,i f . ........` | !l.t.i n teii/j n c e
!
(1) Values foil' 3954 - 1970. taken from reference 16. (2) Calculated from MESA reports references 33-42
8
3
3
4
10
3
10 '
3
8 . .. 9 . . : 4
a .. .. 15' .
2
4
4
12
2
tALC-000328
Tablets
Summary of Historic Fiber Exposure Measurements at: the ouverneur bale Company, Number One Mine and Mill
.Job or Operation
1 9<7D0
MU_e
bf Filing -
8
brayliite Leading
16
Tramming
M
u
c
k
i
n
tw
&
22
I'riaiary .Crushing 260
3 uist Loading'
29
iliii
'
Secondary' Crush
13
ing
t i/bcciei' Grinding 30
i
I
-! M-it!i,gd'ingo Criiiti-
33
30
fa iletizi og
2 7
-ol: Load.i uv
' 8
.o.jiisnv ba;
( 2)
1972
4
6
6
22
5
5
Mean Fiber Concentration (fiber > 5 pm/cc)
U) 1973
(2) 1974
(2 ) 1975
NI OSH 1975
1 1 1 - 5 10
1
1
2 '
3
9
20
13 .
3
3 6 6 . 10 10
14 '
. 6
9
14
13
17
13
10
' 11
- 15
6
8
15
5
8
.
a
5 /; 2 3
CRMC-HT-TALC-000329
5 I
iIi
.Xlll I.Ti:>|,I
liai IlLcliUnCe
y . 14 .
<1) Tal-en- frua. reference 16
(' -') C a l c u l a t e d from MESA r e p o r t
reference. 33-43
2
2-4
(2 ) 1976
24 8
25 12' ,
18 14 14 14
38
YEAR OF MEASUREMENT
A greater trend for decreasing dust concentrations in mill operations is
demonstrated m Figure 10 for all mill operations combined. Eiaure 10 also
shows a greater decreasing trend in exposure when the uncontrolled operation
of loading bagged talc into box cars is excluded from the calculated yearly
averages. Engineering controls for talc milling operations have improved
with time. .
.
As shown in Table 13, fiber exposure measurements have only been made since
1970. Results of the illCSH 1975 survey tend to show a reduction in fiber
exposure when contrasted with earlier data for most operations.
'
Padon daughter measurements have been made in the number one mine by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA). Measurements taken in 1973 and 1976 showed only nil to trace levels.(44,45)
CRMC-HT-TALC-000332 50
DISCUSSION
Results of the present industrial hygiene study arid past surveys demon
strate significant exposures' to airborne fibers in both mine and mill
operations at this facility. Electron microscopic analyses of both bulk
talcs and airborne dust samples have shown that these airborne fibers are
largely asbestiform tremolite and anthophyllite with airborne fibers sizes
(length and diameter) consistent with those round for industrial processes using asbestos,(17) 3y any reasonable mineralogical or physiological de
finition of "fiber"', one must consider tramolite and anthcchyliita fibers in
these talcs to be asbestiform.
More than four decades have elapsed since the first epidemiological data ware published demonstrating adverse health effects of tremolite talc ex posure. In 1933,. Creessen^) published the results of a chest x-ray study of 57 workers engaged in the mining and milling of talcs containing up to 45% tremolite and little free silica. This study showed that all workers with greater than 10 years exposure had increased lung markings ranging from increased fibrosis to what was termed "second stage" pneumoconiosis. Among these 17 workers, no cases of active'tuberculosis were observed. Dreesser. stated that the observed pneumoconiosis had not lad to disability.
The respiratory effects of exposures to talc containing ,10% "biaded" tremoiite in two Georgia talc mines and mills were reported by Dreessan and Dalla Valle in 1935.(19} A total of 6o workers were given physical examinations and chest x-rays of which 19 were exposed for mere than 10 years with, only 2 having 20 or more years of exposure. Twenty two ct tr.ese workers de monstrated pneumoconiosis with varying severity. Approximately half of the mill workers exposed to an average dust concentration of 200 m.ppcf
CKMC-HT-TALC-000333
were diagnosed as having pnsumoeo'niosis with 8 having frank symptoms such as dyspnea, couch, chest pain, rales, and ringer clubbing. Examination of 9 former talc workers who had been separated from exposure more than 3 years demonstrated pneumoconiosis in all cases with 4 cases in advanced stages causing these authors to conclude that the lung changes were per manent.
Additional case studies of Nqw Y o r k .tremolite talc workers were reported by
Porro
fifteen pneumoconiosis deaths in talc workers were studied
addition to 5 autopsy studies. Thirteen of these deaths were considered to
be directly attributable to the pneumoconiosis.confirming the disabling
character of this exposure. These authors concluded that the disabling
tissue changes were due to fcremolita talc exposure. Some calcifications
were noted.
Siegal et.al. (21i>22) reported a study of roentgenological findings .among Mew Y. talc workers `in addition to an assessment of their exposures. These talcs were described as containing fibrous tremolite and ar.thoohyllits and less than 1% free Si*^. A total of 221 talc workers in three mines and five mills were given chest x-ray examinations. Of the 221 men examined, 32 showed marked fibrosis. Those workers with 10 or more years employment de monstrated an incidence of fibrosis of 29.9% whereas those employed for more than 30 years had a fibrosis incidence of -74%. This fibrosis was described as disabling and often accompanied by dyspnea, cough and fatigue. "Talc plaques" were identified in 6.3% of the workers examined. These authors described she fibrosis observed'as resembling that seen among asbestos workers.
52 CRMC-HT-TALC000334
The 32 cases of pneumoconiosis identified by Liegal et.al.i2i'22^ ware
followed prospectively by kleinreld et.ai,
In the 14 year period after
the Siegal study., .19 of the 32 workers died with the ages at death rang
ing from 48 to 34 years. Four of these 19 deaths were believed to be
directly attributable to talc pneumoconiosis, Cne death due .to pleural
mesothelioma was reported. Medical examinations of the 13 living'workers
were performed including a physical examination, chest x-ray, FXG and
peripheral blood studies (Hgb, RBC, WEC, Diff Count). Dyspnea was found
in all workers of such severity as to limit ordinary physical activity.
Moderate to severe progression of lung x-ray findings were seen in 10 of
these workers and "talc plaques" were seen in all but one worker. Six
out or .11 demonstrated an abnormal electrocardiogram. Peripheral blood
findings were not considered of significance, These authors also reported
the presence of "asbestos bodies" histologically. Similar findings were
reported in a latter study of six pneumoconiosis with autoosv studies,(25>
A comparative clinical and environmental study- of workers exposed to fibrous and ion-fibrous talcs in Mew York state was reported by Messite et.ai.^24) Three talc operations in St, Lawrence County (fibrous) and cr.e operation in Lewis County- (r.or.-ribrous) were selected for study and a total of 299 workers were given physical examinations and chest x-rays. Among miners, the incidence of. pulmonary fibrosis .was lev/ for both the St. Lawrence and Lewis County cohorts; however, the mean duration of exposure was only 12,7 and 10,3 years, respectively.. Among millers;, the incidence of fibrosis was 12,23 and 4.3^ respectively for the St, Lawrence and Lewis cohorts, Exposure levels in the plants were described as being similar with all talcs
53 CRMC-HT-TALC-000335
having a low ;;ee silica content. These authors concluded that both types Of talc were capable of producing pulmonary fibrous although the tremoldte (fibrous) variety was mere pathogenic. In addition, these investigators stated that no cases of fibrosis was found in millers of either talc variety whose average exposure was lass than 20 mppcf or whose duration of exposure was less than 10 years.
In a follow-up study, Kleinfeld et.al.'^^ made additional comparisons, incl' lung function, between the St. Lawrence and Lewis County Mew fork cohorts described above, Thirty workers exposed to fibrous and 13 exposed to non fibrous' talcs were given chest.x-rays and pulmonary function tests. Dyspnea was present in 16 of 30 workers in the fibrous talc exposed group and 6 of 13 in the non-fibrous talc exposed group. Abnormal auscultatory findings (rales, rhonchi, wheezing) were found in 8 of the 30 workers ar.d 6 of 13 workers exposed to fibrous and non-fibrous talc, respectively. The incidence of pulmonary infiltration as seen in chest films was 13 cf 30 for the fibrous group and 3 of 13 for the non-fibrous group. Both groups shewed pulmonary function changes with 4 of 13 workers in the group exposed to non-fibrous talc and 14 of 30 workers in the group exposed to fibrous talc shewing sicnificanti raduced vital capacity. Exposures to both croups were considerably in excess of 20 mppcf.
Several additional studies of lung function have been ccr,d **& among talc
workers in Saw fork Stats.(26,27,295 ;<leinreid et.al.,(26) s-tuciscl tihe
fraction of
tremoii ta talc workers who ranged frem 32 to 63 years
or age (mean age 34,8 years). All had been exposed to talc dust in milling
operations for 10 or more years ar.d had no previous occupational cu:
S4
CRMC-HT-TALC-000336
exposures. The clinical ex,aminations showed 14 of the IS workers studied to nave dyspnea on exertion, lo had rales or wheezing and clubbing of the fingers as found m 6 workers. Increased lung pulmonary infiltration was noted in the chest x-rays of all workers studied and cardiac enlargement was noted in 5 of these 16 workers. The- lung function studies showed 7 of 16 to have reduced vital capacities and one worker was found to have a lung function consistent with restrictive lung disease. The.mean duration of ex posure for these 16 workers was 20.4 years and the mean weighted average exposure was 63.9 mpccf. Thirteen of the 16 workers studied gave a positive smoking history (30 cigarettes per day for a minimum'of S years).
In a SUbse<2Uenfc
:<leinf*ld<27) perforated similar studies as those deserf
atove among a group of 43 tremolite talc workers and 41 controls of similar
age and smoking history. In the talc cohort, 29 had dyspnea versus only 2
i a in the control copulation. Eleven talc workers gave a history of chronic
cough and none in, the controls and 8 talc workers showed finger clubbing
whereas no clubbing was noted among controls. Sixteen of 43 talc workers
had positive x-ray findings of pulmonary infiltration and none in controls
and, in addition, reduced vital capacity was found in 13 talc workers and
one control. These talc workers' had a mean exposure duration of 19 years and a 'weighted average exposure of 62.3 mnoef.
* ~d-S
x ray findings and clinical symptoms among miners and millers
at the Gouverneur Talc Company, number one mine and mill has been reported
by 1-CLein.feid et.el (16) .-l,
_ ,, , .
. ,
` *
*.-- ..y ..-ne worxeis vitn a mean exposure of 15.2 '
years (range 11-22 years) were studied in addition to 41 controls who lived
CRMC-HT-TALC-000337
In the same geographic area and who were cf the same sex and mean age but having no occupational dust exposure. Dyspnea was present in 23.1% of the
talc workers versus 7 .3% for controls)a finding similar to that seen m
ahthophyllite asbestos workers,
One -worker studied was sard to nave
radiologic findings compatible with pneumoconiosis whereas no cases were
found among controls.. These authors suggested that talc containing tremolite and anthophyHite may be less fibrogenic than chrysotile or amosita asbestos
at similar exposure levels and exposure duration; however, these authors did not preclude the possible existence of pneumoconiosis among these workers as
no lung function studies were conducted.
Although the above studies have demonstrated the presence of pneumoconiosis among tranolite talc tuners in Mew York, these study designs were insensitive for detection of carcinogenic risks. However, two retrospective proportional mortality studies have demonstrated an increased risk of cancer of the lung . ,, d pleura * o a , there uorkere.I2 '3) The initial study by Kleieield . 1 . `3> included 220 talc miners and millers employed in 1940 who had IS or more years o exposure to talc dust in addition to those who achieved a minimum of lo years of exposure between 1940 and 1965. Among this cohort there were 91
d e a t h s , of. which 10 (11%) were due to maiignacies of the lung or .pleura
whereas only 2.9 (3.2%) were expected. In addition, 23 deaths were due to pneumoconiosis or its complications. C n e o : the respiratory cancers was a fibrosarcoma of the pleura.
In
a
subs^qusnt
follow-up
stucy,
.
. -^
lain i-a 7egg
the previous cono.rt from 1-oJ -o rvcs.
a- 3i
e- xte-nded the observation
t M j cohort consisted of -*-
verxers.
CRMC-HT-TALC-0003 38
among which there were 108 deaths. Thirteen of these deaths (12i) wore
,
due to respiratory cancer whereas only 4 (3.7^) were expected. Twenty
nine deaths were due to pneumoconiosis or its complications. These authors
analyzed mortality patterns by 5 year intervals between 1940 and 1969 and concluded that the respiratory cancer risk approached expected values after the period 1960-64, The validity of this conclusion must, be questioned as an analysis of mortality in relation to cancer latency was not undertaker.. In addition, the limitations of proportional mortality studies in the presence of an elevated pneumoconiosis risk are now wall
know.
An excess cancer risk has been demonstrated among workers exposed to anthophyllite asbestos. ^3 0 , 3 2 ^ Kiviluoto and Meurman^30^ studied 1,092 anthophyllite asbestos workers who had worked for more than 3 months between 1936 and 1567 rand compared cause specific mortality with rates for Finland. Xn addition, chest x-rays where read for 252 living workers. Twenty one lung cancers were observed whereas only 12 were expected which was statistically significant. Thirteen of these lung cancer victims had been exposed less than 10 years and only one of these cases was known to have asbestosis. No pleural or peritoneal mesotheliomas were observed..
Nuxminen (31)
also reror d on the mortality experience of anthophyllita
asbestos workers in Finland. .This study included 1320 workers who had been
employed for three months or more from 1936 to. 1365 and followed until 1963.
Expected cause specific deaths wera calculated using Finland national rates
for 1951-1964, There were 224 deaths in this cohort whereas 204 were ex-
pected with a mean age at death of 53.4 years. TVen cy five deaths (12\)
57
C R M C - HT-TALC-0003 39
had asbestosis as an underlying cause and, in addition, there was a highly significant excess risk of respiratory cancer {13 obs. versus 6 exp., p<0.01}. Mo. mesotheliomas were detected. The mean latency between first exposure and death due to asfcestosis was 19 years.
One of the most comprehensive studies of mortality and morbidity .among anthophyllite asbestos workers was reported by Meurman et.al.<32! A cohort of 1092 workers who had worked at least 3 months between January 1936 and June 1967 was obtained from two mining operations; one of which produced anthophyllite asbestos and the other produced mainly trsmolite talc. For calculation of expected age, cause specific deaths, proportional rates for Finland were used for 1958 which was the median year of death for these workers. In addition, a control group matched for date of birth and sex was chosen from a local population registry.
Of the 1092 employees, 248 deaths were observed. Thirteen deaths due to asbestosis were observed for the cohort and none in the controls. Twenty one lung cancers were observed in the worker cohort versus 13 in the control group. The most significant cancer risk was observed in those with ten or more years of exposure. These authors adjusted lung cancer rates for smokinghabits and concluded that a r.cn-smoking asbestos worker nad a re lative risk of 1.4 whereas the smoking asbestos worker had a relative risk or 17,0. Mo cases of mesothelioma were reported.
Ail of the above epidemiological studies of workers exposed to fibrous -tremoi or anthophyllita have demonstrated an excess risk or bot.i pneumoconiosis and lung and pleural cancer. Mo evidence of an excessive risk of mesothelioma
CRMC-HT.TALC-000340 58
arcon<7 such exposed workers has yet been demonstrated; however, an excessive incidence of pleural changes including pleural calcifications have been ob served in chest films.
59
CRMC-HT-TALC-000341
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Results of the present industrial hygiene study show numerous operations in both the number one mine ar.d mill to have excessive exposures to air borne fibers. Analyses of both bulk talcs samp"les and airborne dust sam"o*les by analytical electron microscopy have shown that a majority of .these fibers are asbestiform tremolite and ar.thcphyllite. Based on these studies and on exhaustive review of the epidemiological literature concerning health effects of such exposures/ it is concluded that immediate corrective actions to re duce exposures must be taken as recommended in the Progress Report issued on May 25, 1976. Specific actions include the following:
1. Mine ventilation should be-evaluated with considerations for increasing air volume and distribution. Water sprays should be installed at the ore pockets.
2. During the present study, numerous leaks were observed at material . transfer points within the mill. More emphasis should be placed on maintaining equipment in proper working order.
3. At the packing stations, ventilation improvements are needed. Local exhaust hoods at these machines are located too far from the filling spout to be effective. Hood designs at these machines should be further evaluated. In addition, bursting bags at these
. . ..... stations are a significant source of exposure? therefore, use of bags with a .greater bursting strength should be considered.
4. Until ventilation and work practice improvements are made arc asbestos fiber exposures reduced to acceptable levels, employees should be provided with respiratory protection as spec...died in the OSHA asbestos standard.
5 All provisions for medical examinations specified in tha
OSHA asbestos s t a n d a r d ^ should be followed.
.
Tha asbastiform mineral content of products from tha number one mine and mill make it imperative that these talcs be labeled with the OSKA warning label.^
61
CRMC-HT-TALC-000343
REFERENCES
Ross, M. Geology, Asbestos, and Health. 9: 123-124, 1974
Environment Health Perspect.
Kleinfeld,, M . , Messite, J. .and Zaki, H.
Among Talc Workers: A Follow-up study.
16, Mo. 5: 345-349, 1974.
'
Mortality Experiences Journal of Occupational Med.
'
Kleinfeld, M . , Mesaite, J. and Kooytnan, 0, Mortality Among Talc Miners
and Millers in Mew York State. Industrial Hygiene Review, Mew York
Department of Labor. 9: 3-12, 1967.
-
Peter J, Bernnan versus Borg Warner Corporation, Plumbing Products Division. OSAJiR.C Docket Mo. 10757, P.ichlar.d 'County Administration Building, Mansfield, Ohio. Complaints Exhibit Mo. 19, April 2, 1975.
Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Chrystallir.e silica. U.s. DREW, CDC, tional Safety and Health, 1974,
Occupational Exposure to Maticnal Institute for Occupa
Criteria cor a Recommended Standard: Cccupational Exposure to Asbestos.
U,3-, DH2W, CDC, Mational Instituts cor Cccupational Safsty and Health,
1972.
'
Gillam, J.D., Dement, J . M . L e m a n , R.A., Wagoner, J.K. and Archer, V.Z. Mortality Patterns Among Hard Rock Miners Exposed to an Asbestiform Mineral. Aim. M .If. Acad. Sc. 271: 336-344, 1976.
U.S. Department of Labor, Cccupational Safety and Health Administration. Occupational s'afety and Health Standards. Federal Register 39: Humber 125, June 27, 1974 as recoded, May 2S, 197S.
Ortiz, L.W. and Isom, 3.L. of Membrane Fiiter Samples
Transfer Technique for Electron Microscopy Aimer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. : 423-425, 1974.
Fohl, A.H., Longer, A.M., Selikoff, I.J., Tordini, A., Klinentidis, , Bowes, D.R. and Skinner, D.L. Consumer Talcums ar.d Powders: Mineral and Chemical-Characterization. Jour. Tox and Er.v. Kith. 2: 225-224, 1976,
Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G.; University Press, 6th Ed., 1967.
Statistical Methods.
The Iowa State
U.S. Department of Labor, Cccupational Safety ar.d Health A.cmi; isstation, Notice of Proposed P.ulemaking, Occupational Exposure to Asbas os. Federal Register, October, 1975. Docket Mo. 11-033.
62
CRMC-HT-TALC-000344
REFERENCES
13 Pask, J.A. and Warner, M.F.: Fundamental Studies of Talc I.^Con- . stitution of Talcs. Journ. of the Amer, Ceramic Society 37 No. 3s 118-123, March 1954.
14. FOSS, M. , Smith, W..L, and Ashton, W.H,: Triclinic Talc and Associated Amphiboles from the Gouverneur Mining District, Mew York Acer. Mineralogist- 53: 751-769, May-Juna, 1968.
15. Stemple, I.S. and Brindley, C.W.: A Structural Study of Talc and
Talc-Treniolita Relations. Journ. of the Amer. Ceramic Society 43 Mo. 1: 34-42, January, 1960.
IS. Kleinfeld, M , Messite, J. ar.d, Langer, A.M. : A Study o: Workers r.xposad to Asbestiform Minerals in Ccmmerical Tale Manufacture, Env. Research
6 : 132-143, 1973.
17. Lynch, J.R., Ayer, K.E. and Johnson, D.L.: The Interrelationships of Selected Asbestos Exposure Indices. Amer. Irid. Hyg. Asscc. Journal
31: Sept,-Cot., 1970.
18. Dreessen, W.C.: Effects of Certain Silicate Dusts or. the Lungs. Jour.
Ind. Kyg. 13 Me. 2: 65-78, March, 1933.
.
19, Draessen, W.C. ar.d Dalla Val.Le, J.M. : The Effects of Exposure to Dust in Two Georgia Talc Mills and Mines. Public Health Reports 50 Mo. 5: 13-1-141, 193 5.
20. Porro, F.W., Patton, J.R. and Hobbs, A.A.: Pneumoconiosis i.n the Talc Industry. Amer. Journ. of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy 47 Mo. 4: 507-524, 1942.
21.
Siegal, W., Smith, A.P.. and Greenburg, L. : The Dust ^Hazard Mining, Including Roentgenological Findings in Talc Workers of Roentgenology.and Radium Therapy XLiX: 11-29, 1943.
n Trenolite Amer. Journ.
52 Siegal, W., Smith, A.?., and Greenburg, L. : Study of Talc Miners and Millers. Industrial Bull. 22: 3-12, 1943.
2 3 . Kleinfeld, M. , Messita, J.'* and Tabershaw, I.: Talc Pneumoconiosis.
A.M,A. Amchives of Ind. HLTH 12: 66-- 72, 1955.
.
24.. Messite, J., Rsddin, G. and Klein and Environmental Study A.M.A. Ar
: Pulmonary TaJ.ccs s, A Clinical Xr.cl* jif-s.i'Xn 20: 4
25. Kleinfeld, M. , Giel
Talc Pneumoconiosis
C.P., Majeraoncwski, J..F. and Messita, J. : A report of Six 'Patients with Peat Mortem
.ndin.gs.
Ind. Kyg.' Review 6 : 5-29, 1964,
63
CRMC-HTTALC-000345
REFERENCES
26 Kleinfeld, M. , Mes'site, J . , Kooyman, 0. and Shapiro, J . ;^ Pulsionary
Ventilatory Function in Talcosis of Lung. Ir,d* Hyg,
. -
'
1965.
27. Kleinfeld, M. , Messite,J . , Shapiro, J. and Swencicki, : Effect of Talc Oust Inhalation on Lung Function. Ind. Hyg, Review 7; 25 36,
1965.
.
29. Kleinfeld, M.J., Messite, J. Shapiro, J., Kcoyman, 0- and Swencicki^ R . : Lung Function in Talc Workers: A Ccoparitiva Physiologic Study cr Worker
Exposed, to Fibrous and Granular Talc Ousts, m d . Hyg. .-.ev^evi / ..o . .
3-13; 1965.
,
`
. '
29. Kleinfeld, M. , Messite, J. , Shapiro, J. , Swencicki, ?.. and Sarfaly, g *: Lung Function Changes in Talc Pneumoconiosis. Journ. or Occup. ..ed.
7 Mo. 1; 12-17, 1965.
... 1
n and Meu-ran, L. : Results of Asbestos Exposure in Finland.
30. .%i.vnuooo/
. **--*
t m ioh
In: international Ccmferer.ce on Pneumoconiosis. Johannesbi-- ^ . -U/ iuu,
1969.
.jX i Hurmincn, M, : A Study of the Mortality of Workers in anyaithophyllite Asbestos Factory in Finland. Work Env. health 9: 1^-lxo, 1-u-.
32. Meurnan, L.O., Kiviluoto, R.. and Hakama, M. : Mortality and Morbidity raoP.g the Working Population of Anthophyllite Asoestcs .-.ir.es in .--..land. Brit. Journ. of Ind. Med. 31: 105-112, 1974.
.33, Mew York Department of Labor and Industry, Division of Ind. Hyg-:^ ^ Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., Balmat Mine, uuxy 23, 1972.
Mew York Department of Labor and Industry, Division of Xnd. hyg.: Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., Salma- .-L.--_, Aug-Sw
10,' 1972.
'
35. Mew York Department of Labor and Industry., Division of Ir.d. Hyg.- Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., 3almat .-.me Sec. Crusher, July 11, 1972.
Mew York Department of Labor and Industry, Division or xr.d.^ hyg. : 36.
Resort cr ?rela ir.vestr.cat-.cn/ CiOL/--
'
June 20, 1973 .
11, !tew York Depart=eM or Lokor or.d I .- .& s t r ,. Oivision * * . * % . '
/
Report of Field e s tip e tio n , c-ouverr.eur - e l - C,,. , =a-- * c -------
November 20, 1973.
64 CRMC-HT-TALC-000346
REFERENCES
38. U.S. Department' on Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration
Dust Survey of the American Talc Mill, Gouverneur Talc Co., Balmat,
M.Y., Sept. 19-20, 1973. .
.
39. New York Department 'of Labor and Industry, Division of Ind. Hyg.: Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., 3almat Mill, July 18, 1974.
40. U.S. Department of Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration Memorandum to Lewis Roberts, Evaluation of Airborne Dust Samples, Gouverneur Talc Co., St. Lawrence County, M.Y. , Cct. 22, 1974.
41. New York Department of Labor and Industry, Division of Ind. Hyc.:
Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., Bainat Mine,
July 18, 1974.
,
.
42. U.S. Department of Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety
Administration: Memorandum dated September 23, 1975, Gouverneur Talc Co.
Inc, Samples, Denver Technical Support Center File ELS 3-1-Sh.
43. U.S. Department on Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration Memorandum dated February 10, 1977, Fiber Counts for Gouverneur Talc, Ho. 1 Mine/tlo. 1 Mill, 3aLmat, Hew York, Denver Technical Support ' Center File HIS 3-1-6, HISS.
44. U.S. Denar inter:r of Interior, Bureau of Mines Health ano Safety A c t i v i t y : Health and Saf aty Report, Health and Safety Spot Inspection (Radiation), American Mine, Gouverneur Talc Co., Ir.c. , 3almat, St. Lawrence County, H.Y., February 28, 1973.
45. U.S. Department of Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration Health and Radiation Inspection Report, Gouverneur Talc Co., Mine Mo. 1 and Mill, Baimat, M.Y., March 24, 1975.
6-5
C R M C - H T - T ALC-000347
a p p en d ix I Mineral Produce Safety Data Sheets
For R.T. Vanderbilt Produces (Supplied by R . T . V a n d e r b ilt)
CRMC-HT-TALC-000348
NOTS: ixcosufe laailaircame mineraldustsissuoieclto0$HA regulationsinaccordancewun Section 1910.93olrftaOccupational Heattn ana Safety Administration Stancr/c as puausnea in ;no racerat flacister at Octccer IQ. 1372.starting on sags 22139.
TRACE NAME ANO SYNCNVM3 MINERAL FAMILY CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
SECTION I
(I F I B E R N o . 1 , IT Fiber o N
Industrial Fibrous Talc
H y d r o u s si! cafes
C o m p l e x hydrous calcium m c a n e s i u m silicates
o
l
.O
U/>. i e.MJAL
SECTION II INGREDIENTS
AdkLSLCcm..fcd. c r .d / c r cshestifcrm anfhnrhvl ito Talc - non-asbesr.iform
_
Ncn-csbesfirorm tremolife cnd/or anthoohyllife
Quartz
Serpentine
` '
COLOR
.
APPEARA*j c s other proper ns
- - .......... .... . , ,, , .... ...
*
.
S E C T I O N III P H Y S I C A L D A T A
'W h i t e F ib ro u s
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (HtO - I J
.
*,4 PANOF ?0 - dCi
5-15
] - 5 10 - 20
2 .7
material
'
S E C T I O N IV H E A L T H H A Z A R D D A T A
, *TLV
_ A sb .c ;H fo rm N lc c . r d a sb sti Form c n th o o h v ll ife T a lc - non-csb esfiform
N o n - e s b e s t ! f o r m frarrto! if 2 - n d c n f h e o h y l ! Ite
.
1 Sero en fin e ; Q u artz
3 0 m g . / c u . m . " 7* %
. Q u c r f z -r'2
|5 f i b e r s / c c > 5 " m . in le n c t h
1 20 M c c c f
'.! 20 M c a c f
i SO M o c a r j
SECTIO N V S P EC IA L PRECAUTION'S
PPECAUTiCNS TO 5S Taken inhanoliNG and storing
Avoid h recfh in c dust. Use resnirctor ir TLVs e x cee d e d ,
.
CRMC-HT-TALC-000349
) *"* *" V isU
- .f... .. ,, ~u '< g ,
\ 1i 5 j SI ( O
1 j
5.1 n ri|m .^.1r.
lu-,
I *' \!i ur,,-\u r r - u u U u
j SAFETY D A T A SHEET.
MOTS. Etoosue toailaxeorns mineral Gun;;tssudine!lo03HA reuiaiiansinaccordance win Section lOlO 93o!theOccupational Mentitir.nd Saltri/Acminiitranan Standard as puot>snad inhe Sederai RegisterotOcloner 13.1972.starlingon nage 22133.
TRACEmams JVOSYNONYMS M O U L D E N E . IT
MINERALrA.'.tiLY '
H y d r o u s siiicates
CHEMICALCCM-OSITICM C o m p l e x hyd rous
SECTION 1
FIBER No. 2
calcium magnesium
silicates
Industrial Fibrous Talc
U A T_ s_T_sI^L
S EC TIO N
1!
IN
G
R
ED
'
IEN
TS
. --. .iRA NGS
i
*-*ro<f T/nrir !*/-1r r n A / O f
fnHTl Onfhonh'-M M F
.
AO - 60
$
Talc - non-asbestiform
! Kin n ~ - r b e s t ! f o r m trame! H-i a n d / o r cnt ho a h v l l i t e
Quartz
*
.
Serpentine
.. '
... 5 - 1 5 30 - 60
1 - 5 _ _ _5_-_1_ _0_ _
SECTION 111 PHYSICAL DATA
COLOR
W h tfe
SPECIFIC GRAVITY !H.On
2.7
\
APPSAR^.NCc
i
i
OTHER ?RC?S=T!S3
Fibrous
mathrul
S E C T I O N IV H E A L T H H A Z A R D D A T A
'
. ...
A shestiform ta lc and csbesriform a n fh o a n v llite
'
5 f i b e r s / c c > 5 u rn .
*TLV !n le n g th
T n lc - n o n -a sb e sti form
<. . N o n - a s b e s i ' i f o r m
oefoenrme
Qucrtx
__ _
'
__________
20 M oocf
.
------- -------------------- --- -----------
' . ' l5 0 M oocf 2 0 M c p c f
.
'.......
_________________________________________.......................................... ..........-------
3 0 m o . / c u . m . -f- c'r Q'-'cHz x 2
SECTION V SPEC IA L PRECAUTIONS
PfiCAljTiCr'f'a TO 6c 'A*''i i*J
A*iO
`
Avoid hreofhino dust. Use respirerei- if T iV 's exceeded.
CRMC-HT-TALC-000350
& -
-X
:& i jftJsJ k V /
:lt!_ f H M I ' :
SAFEtY DATA SHEET
NOTE: Exposure loallaireme mineral cuss issuOiecl10OSHA requlalionsinaccordance wan Section 1910.93olineOccupational Hc.ilihard Salely Acmimslranon Standard-as gunusheci inme Federal RegisterotOciooer 13.1972.startingon oage 22129
SECTION i
i
tracs NA.MS Ano sng.uyms - n y T A L 99, N Y T A L 1 C 0 , N Y T A L 1 0 0 H R . Industrial Talc
mineral family
Hvdrous silicates
chemical composition
Corroie* hvdrous calcium mccnesium silicates
'
.
............- ..... --
MAERJAI
SECTION II INGREDIENTS .
i Talc
' '
.
.
1 Non--asbesfircrm trsmoh'te and/or anrhopihylUte
Steroentine
Quartz
'
.
'
___
' .
'
. --
-
' ,, Q.M.* MANGE
. -
20 - 30 50 - 70
20 - 30 i - 5
CCLC3 APPEARance ! OTHER PRCPE.ATIc
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
1 \//h te I Pov/der .
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (HjO-l)
4-7.3
MATERIAL
SECTION IV HEALTH H A Z A R D DATA
Taie Non-asbesfirorrn fremei ita end anfhoshyl 1ite
Seroentine
Quartz -....... . ` "
' 30 m a./cu.m. ~
% Guar+2 -* 2
SECTION V SPEC IA L PRECAUTIONS
PRSCAUTC.-iS TC= TAKEN'.*1.^ANCLCNGA.'iQsTCRivG
Avoid brcrhlng cus-. Use rasoircror if T L V s exceeded.
* TXV .
20 Mpocf
'
20 Mppcf
50 Moacf
J
CRMC-HT-TALC-000351
\
HOTE. ESalPo0iyuAf0fuInOm.iililiCafilbimoamitanc"-.niorra.-iinOsursuistjiisrsi.cb|<..n:tmioi OFS*Hji}arlcqRuoi/aHsitpenrsoifnOc'o.arda,rin1t8o. w!9il7d2S. osctofirotinng13o1n0p3a3neo( 2m2e10O9ccuo.Kion.ii HMim,itm
Tmoe name ano SMONV-IS MINERAL ?A.V.Itv
Chemical wvpusmc,-i
SECTION
N Y T A L 200, N Y T A L 300, N Y T A L 400
Industria! Tale
H y d rous silicates
C o m p ex hydrous calcium m a g n e s i u m silicates
MAT-^c -I~A1i..................
SECTION II INGREDIENTS
__ .Tele . Non-asbestiform tremofite end/or anlhooriyllite
S em en tin e
Quartz
'
% HANGS
90 - dO
40-60
20-30 1 -5
.
COLOR
APPSARAttC-
'
OTHER PROPERTIES
1
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA . .
Wfi 1te
SPECIFICGRAVITY(H,0* 1)
_P.o'-Mder
'
1
2 .8
material
SECTION IV HEALTH HAZARD DATA
Talc
'
N cn-asbest form tramo!ire end cn fn cp cyliite
SeroenTloe.. . Quartz
'
'
' 30 m g ./c u .m , -r- % Q uartz + 2
*TLV
20 Moccf 20 Mocci
50 Mnocf
SECTION V SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS 3QSCWur:c.'iS "O;En-'Z'i `-'i ha.-vclinGai-iOjTCEi.-iC
-^'Q.idj7XtL3IjlLQC.-:! " L l- JM . .JO.'Z:.!X:.iir_iF
-- ..... .-- CRMC-HT-TALC-000352
QVfc'.{* v>1
* * ' 1* 1'* ; 1 / o ] J O( Z4'* <-' j j $r\x *)i fl j 4* j t&j n I; t I *>I
j SAFETY DATA SHEf
NOTS, .
S te su re !C an a-roome minerai cusrs MsuCjeol Io OSHA reaul.itions ,n accordance Solely Adirsimsirarion Siandard as pt.ai.snea .n me Fodero, R e s t e r ci Qcocf la!
1,3,m7c7
-ctffln i :S.i,i,ng
mo on
qn pco
-v. 'j i m
, ' M'
r-- --
-------------- --
------- ---------------------- -- ----------------- -- -------- -----------------------------------SECTION 1
TT?aC na;.: and synonyms MINRAL FAMILY CHEMICAL CCMPOSiTICM
C E R A M ITALC 10AC, C E R A M ITALC HDT H y d r o u s sii ica feA C o r n o l e x h v d r o u s c a l c i u m m c c n e s 'u m silicates
Industriel Taie
- - -- -m-a t-e-r-i a-..- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Talc
_ SECTION II INGRED_I_ENTS .
-- JHarZlhsiiisrrn freme,lit? e n d / n r antho-ihvllif*
'
Serpentine
Quartz
`
.
puunr
20 - 30
i-- v5.0v - y70J
20 - 30 1 - 5
CGLGR
APP=JfU.NCS
r
'
Qfr'S.R
-m 7l5
SECTION m PHYSICAL DATA .
.
j W h i t e 1 SPECIFICGRAVITY
*
Powder
<`2. H
,,
watcriac
'
.. -- .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
SECTION IV HEALTH HAZARD DATA
. . . . . . -- - -- - - - - - - - - :_ _ _ ....
-
Talc
Non-csbesfirorm rrerr.oi ite end cnrhoor.yllite
Serpentine -
.
'
-- Q LLcr.h:
.30 m . / c u . n . f % Q ijcrFz - 2
TtV
20 Mapet
.
cO M pccf
SECTION V SPEC IA L PRECAUTIONS
PCCaUTlCNS 7-3 == :k?I :H ~JNCL:nGA-,0 STORINO Avo a qrs c ir; in c a f ,, Us*? rcoircfor ir i LV 'g r?xc ? c d r ? c .
i
1--A--r5--:--M---a--y----i,----:-v--/-.-:------- ------- - -- i i "--_ .
.
K &*> r - l!* i - Z**> * * > -
CRMC-HT T'Ar r nnm o ' OVR FORpL/Htr-PA <-'<`;QP'*VA
"` 1 ; `'/'r>}*(.0 (cJ *{ ~ }J'tO'* nj '''*o To I* \ ' 'I'[>
.L.'<*' * ** -*****'tL,*' '!* -' '"r-' ' ' tv *!*
\> p"^.
MINERAL PRODUCT SAFETY DATA SHEET
NOTE. E^osui l I aireme minera; cuss s su&ieci (o OSHA reglanos m accordance wiin Section ig io 33 ol me Occupational Heaiin ano Safety nmmir,trillion Stangarci as guntisnea in ine sceral Register o Cccnur 13. 1973. starting on oage 33139
SECTION
MINERAL FAMILY , ../CHEMICAL CCMACSlTtCN
,, ..1 _______________
/
Hydrous .Silicates
.
-- Caaiiii^rjauij^iiura. E2.trum silicate;
i. UATSRfAl
/
Taic
. SECTION II INGREDIENTS
j N o n - a s b e s h ' o r m Frs m o t e cnci/cr cnh'iocr.yiltte
! Serper, Fine
`
. '
Quartz
!
.
; CCLOfl
. OTHER pnCP^TiES
'
S E C T I O N ill P H Y S I C A L D A T A . W h i t e j SPECIFIC GRAVITY (HiO-n I- P o w d e r
fI -
S RANGE 20 - 40 40 - 0 , 20 - 30
- 5
'
a -2.8
MAi^511AL
SECTION IV HEALTH HAZARD DATA
Talc
'
Non-csbesrtforrrs iremo lire and cnrnao.ny!lire
Serpentine
.
1 Quartz
30 me ./ e u , ;tj . - - %. Q u artz x 2
_________ :....;.....................
;
'
. SECTION V SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
PeCCAtjnCNS. *C 5E '-Vt m ---'CL **v) *,>v.^>`ifj
Avoid breafhir.c du-:!1. Use r 3c-re ice r i LV'r *5xc9^di?d^
* tlv
20 M ooCT
20 M o ccf
50 Mpec?
j .
CRMC-HT-TALC-000354 t
! liim u in i- i M vw uv
SAFETY DATA SHEE
NOTE, SEaxfpeotysuAredmtoinainstr.naitriaoonmSetamnidnaerrdalapsucsiosaiisisnsuebdiemctt1.n0eOFSeHdeArarluRgueigainstaenrsomlCaccctooorderan1c8e. w19in33S.esctatirotning19o1n0p9a3coel3;n3e13O9ccuoa!'0n,Khmiim.hi
SECTION i
trade name amo syngnyms. fj X , iT 3 X , IT 5 X , IT FT, ff 3 2 5 , IT 6 2 5
Industrial Talc
mineral family
chemical composition
Hydrous Sil icahss
_____ __________________________________
Complex hydrous calcium magnesium silicates
MA*TERIAL
.Talc ' Ncn-asbestifcrm Sem en tin o Quarte
tremalits
SECTION II INGREDIENTS
......... - - - ......... - .........
and/or cnthochvl[ite
....
...
'
...........
...
. ___-- ----------------------------------------------
, r a n g e
20 - 40 40 - 60 20 - 30 1- 5
.
COLOR
APPEARANCE
OTHER PROPERTIES
.
' .
' SECTION III PHYSICAL D A T A
W h ite Powder
SPECIFIC GRAVlTY ;h>0 11
,
2.8
MATERIAL
SECTION IV.HEALTH HAZARD DATA
'
Talc
-
N o n -asbesti f o r m fremei ire e n d c n t h o c h y l l i t e
Sementina Quartz '
2 0 m a . / c u . m , -r* % Q u a r t z -r 2
-
'
............ . _ ._
'
SECTION V SPEC IA L PRECAUTIONS
ARECAUT'C.NS re
" A - r = * i ' M ~ a .iC ! W O A f . O S T O R I N G
A v o i d breadline: dust. U s e resoirarcr if T L V s e x c e e d e d .
-
.....
* TLV
20 M o oct
20 Mppcf
50 Mppcf
4
______________ .
,
APPENDIX II Results of Individuel Air Samples
And Summary Statistics for NIOSH Industrial Hygiene Study
CRMC-HT-TALC-000356
T
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AS DIRECTED.
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CRMC-HT-T A L0000387
.ft I V! fiut u.
GtSottS
`I -'>*(-U S<r-,/*lS`-L *T1C*L 1LC"'11,J`. .1 r i b i H **il *. Sj *~.[f. *T' a S i - ' U 'J1 '*- rn". E l I? G" 7 11/ J i / J 5 o V 2 .6 1i Gl ,5 11/ 0<4/ ?5 t o n
CUu-97 tl1lfEf 1 0 3 1 ---1233
Ail'l IC*U UVI iUM7 nS
117* 3uo 207,0000
H J CHU, OINC,
5,000 9,260
7 ,,
7 , = u , 7 7
a? 7 Gr 7 11/09/75 0793 0909 1o 2000 9,118
!1<> ir Gi oy 11/ U / 75 1?J5 1(120 170,5000 5 ,1 95 1)9 1* Glu 9 11/u u / 7b ... - t 0?9 -- 12 35 - 219.2000 - 2 0 , m
09 1f \1 Gt 11 1 1 /0 9 /7 5
0> 9
.
U
L
i "
f t
r
rv,t?,7:
. 9.., 1Ib1a/0K/75
;)9 ir, '.U i I/U9/7S
09 >g G11u .11/09/75 f-9 K G1i 2 t 1/0 9 /7 5
; 9 ir, GtiO H / uo/ 7S
0 IG G p l 11/iju/75
t ^CIG- f r, Aof , = S . 9:1 . 09 17 (.59 11/1/9/75
09(79 1-029 13o,O'J00 5,093 1213 - t o l 7 -- ! 76,8000 . ----7,|A
. 1)7(4$ . tl9 19 ... 1S1.SUO0 . . 6,200 1m o ll5 127,5000 7,019 U9 j 4 1030 129,2000 ~ 5. 5 3
. 1212 .... l **21 . 1 6 5 , 3oo0 . . .1,579 1Wi5 1232 79,9000 0,968
. 117 i 1 ._. Obli ... . 02,0000 ... b . 087
;,9 1? r.rtii ! 1 /0 9 /7 5 . il 9 j t -- 1011 ... lu 2 o a o .. 9,681 .9 17 'Ai 11/UU/75 . l o i ! Il 11 102,0000 13.072 09 17 91 . 13/09/75 OAi 1 0911 102,0000 7,731 09 t 7 . f-i 11 /0 9 /7 5 .. H H - 1230 1 3 , 3UO - . . . 5 , 0 6 6 C9 17 G151 11/0 9 /7 5 1230 1330 102, UGO 7,202 , 1 f. iG"1T7-jr; i GV f1O --5 7, n11t/?uO/75 1330 192 7 96,9000 9 ,9 Su
PMt I
units
FB/CC
FB/CC CHANGED FROM NY1At IO TO CERAHATA
K JO HIN LUNCH BREAK,
,v
FB7CC HEARING respirator
FfJ/CC
' l
Fb/ cc CHA--N--G--E--D----F-R-O--H----N--Y---T-A--l----1--0-0----T--Or---C--E-R--A--H--A--T--A--L--C----H--D:-T-&--T----i--i-l-t-S--iT--O---O--K-- . 30 HIM LUNCH BNEAK,
FB/CC
-
.. FB/CC..................................................... :------------------------------------------ :--------------
FB/CC ------------------------------------------ ---------------- _----------------------------------------
FB/CC
FB/CC
FB/CC-----TOOK -30-HIN-LUNCH-BREAK,---------------- ------------ ------
is HIN BREAK AT 8115,45 HIN LUNCH AT U?R5.
FB/CC
. FB/CC -- --------
FB/CC
'
FB/CC
CRMC-HT-TALC-000388
tl,.'. is'UvIfvjiL
lifcSULlS
":.'rHi*5t*'' i*.S'JA/4s ,s.w.aV*LiiCil.'`n Ut iCc^Mlli'C Ul(H`,T. * t M f, 'ft ; i / tJ / 7S l u? 7 - I -1 -s 1I / )- / ?5 ,o^ft
CUuNr /UPflCAt MfCHU,
11FF
VOLUME LlTtHS
CUMC, ..
Ilio -117,3000- - - 9,291.
1027 ft, oOgO 9.0371
-, 1l-
11/! ->/ 7S 0S?7 1027 20,UU l 1Bt
> i ft 0 1 1.7 J 1ftt;a / J S -- l?u - l 30 - I2.0UO- - 7.792
1S Gt i 11/ u a / 7 5 I l J6 120 1,71,71000 6 , oB8
7
'1 ftff 0
Gi 57
iJf
(., 2Il2oft0o /7 S
13"0 . 1u2t>
7B, 2000 9,39a
1 1ft ,iiiJ 1i / oft/ ?S 07)0 OBI 1 96,9000 6,609
UH ITS -
FB/CC -- f (J/CC FH/CC - Fu/CC --
Ffi/CC FU/CC .
F8/CC
$ 19 V 1
1t1/110/75 r.fto t ! / / 7 5
? 19 .r.ft? 11/0 0 /75
5 19 Gi 2 S 11/0 0 /7 5
IO ... Gi2<) . 11/ O " /75
- U a 1*>)tf 0
r. i 'j 1 IVf .
aie
2 -V " if ft
r ok * Vi
! j / uft / 75 L,11u 0.21o12/O 1/75
'/ 7 r. 1 Il / u J / 75
Oftia - 1 0 1Ai
0ft|2 111 12 J7 -- 1337
1S?0.
tb7
1010 102,0000 n i o .. .. 102,0000 . 1)910 105,0000 1237 l u t , 1000 1l i 7 .(02,0000 102*7 ae,uou
1DU7 lft 3,9000
1906 23b,OO
3 .OU ,ala
F n/cc Ffjycc .
3.eoe f H / C C
5,339 f h/CC 5,903 . Ffl/CC 12.991 FH/ C C
0,202 FB/CC
U,30b FB/CC
T 7 3 7
r. is 1 I/o 3/75 1911t 2ot ti 119,0000 6,780 FH/CC f, uU 11/0 3 / 7 S 2lft! 22< 111,9000 3,20 FB/CC
7 ' r.ft 7 l 1 /0 3 /7 5 201 h l o i . Iftft.SOOO 3.237 FB/CC
: H "Tf-O AVf ,3 o* 17u
|V 2ft
11 /0 3 / 7 5 1526 I6a 139,UOO 2i%QQ Fa/CC
ft ft
r.I? t I / 0 1 / 7 5 ! '|B 1t>56 217.6UU0 7 , 0 9 9 F H/CC
I. (i.
Hi SUL IS
L ;i i
1 L
i >*; t ,5 / ' ^ j j n : ;,
i t e " 11'<E t r t * f R CUUM
AlfM 1CAL K lC ,
S - l r i S i <3l f i '. *; . *
M ilt
t i-e ' r-s
11" - VtiLUH
LFf
LITEOS
CUItC, U N IT S
?*
r. 15
11/u i / 75
2 n o 229 . - 100.100 0 - I S , 908 fti/CC *
8AG BU R ST AT 2225
.'
.
.'"'i "f V'r.
;
1
i *
r, it;
l 1/o 1/75
i!*
P-
i i i. io-If-D
1
o^
o
1 Ju 9
'i
f. 17 i Vf , s
r, -, 7
r.l
11/O 1/7S 9.lio
11/ g i / 7 b
t l/ui/75
2no5 110 _ . 1 oo , 500 0 10,061
22?9
2251
o u . O O 2 0,9 56
1520
1007
1J ,7000
|605 1709 . ... 236,1000
1.916 - 6.011
fa/cc in n K \ S B l COFFEE B R E A K ,C U A N E O H l M3t-F** 17H e O n F E S S / ED A I M , 8*0 BURST 2125
FP/CC
__ . .. -------- ---- --------- T--* * ------------ --- .
'
Ffl/CC
FP/CC -
TOnK D IN N ER BREAK 30 HJH
,
! a :** . |>tj >i n ^
;/
'i
. f. 1 s
1I/O 5/?S
i
' l 1/0 i /7 S
0
r.Jh
! 1/ u 1/75
|9ft 2012---... 115.6000
2 1ti 71 ' 250
J12.200O
2o|2
21
156,0000
.- 6 .5 5 6,017 J.O&O
Fn/CC .................................. ... ............ .................................. ....... " "
Fa/cc
' .
Fli/CC
took I S h im , c o f fe e b r e a k ,
* A , S 9 , h<tu
-
-
- -
K
r^;t*
1I / 0 9 / 7 S
07 Jft
U32
luS.uOOO
5.713
FH/CC -- I S H J H BR EA K ,-------------- -- --- --------- ----
...
2
I
i
r,A5
n i> ; 1
L ,,
IH
r *i t>
1R . r.iu
1 H
r. i j
L ,
1 )
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I I j , ,
IH
.-. 11
1 4i - I j - r O - !,=
1 ^* 1 1
r.i o
1 ?n 2.
r.i
it
r-?o
i ?11
'211
it
r,ii
U /0u/1 5 11/ o / 7 S t 1/0O/7S 1i /u*l/ 71 11/00/75 j 1/0U//1 u. i n 1l/U i/75 11/ O i / 7 5 t 1/ U l / 75
0 il to 31 . g(l;i2 i ruj 17 12 1 112
t5?5 IR50 16S
to il
612,0000
11 Id
n o , 5000
-. 0712 - .102,0000
1210
HS ,O000
1 112
102,0000
t <it ... 7 5 .2 0 0 0
; 105 O il 1 B5
151,1000 1S B ,1000 210.H000
11/U 1/75
2 11
2252
2 J 7 , 7000
1,60 6 t 10 7.U3B 8,260 7,585 5,515
,? ! 2.176 3,1 2
1.01 2
Fli/CC
f ll/CC
f l i / C C ............. ' FU/CC
m /cc
.
_
F R/CC - ------------
F li/CC F/CC FB/CC
FB/CC
........................ ....................
TOOK
_ __________ -___ . ,
DINNER BREAK,lHIM
' TOOK 15 HIM COFFEE BREAK*
_ -----:--
. . -- -- --------
. -
--- - -- ----------
....
CR M C -H T- T A LC- 0 0 0 3 90
l. lNniwtr>;,4L S A ^ U HE5UL1S
.*. t: 4iafcijr>li
P i i " I l-'M/f-'.M. i l 1C *L I t C - M U O t l f i n i
L y-ici SV'i'lE a rt * 1fr
nf>"i E
;\ -I Ei.''-1f (1 * ; L, 2 . 7 1o
1? M r.7J* I l / u / 7 5 0 |0 l i H n u l 11/00275 . i Oo7 ...
t ,,IG-'MO IVe , - 1. 0*0
12 25 r..)S 1l/o 3/75 1521
CUUN1 uunn . 1007 1020
1o 1o
/UI'TlCAL UVUTLfU. oflst
lod.oooo .001,7000
297,5U0
MlCHtl; CUUC
i . ` n 1,580
1,079
uuirs
F/ce FR/CC
7 n/cc
li 5 12 i 5
il 11
r, i b 11/01/75 l'l|b r.d i 11/01/75 2dlo
k t ! 1, 2ilo r.oS 11/00 /7 5 . 07 15
2uiu 227,8000 - 2 .luu - -- 255,0000
otilo 127,5000
1.59 Ffl/CC 1.015 FH/CC
5,070* fil/CC
n i4 r.u tl/ O u /7 5 Qq |0 010 102,0000 71.722 fu / cc l 14 - r. 11/ u u / S UH"50 0010 . . 02,0000 5, 2o fo/cc
13 H M i 11/Ou/75 1010 11JT 11 1 ,<7000 0,200 fu/ec
Il 14 f. i / f* i i / uu/ 75 12 15 1115 102,0000 7,26 Fh/CC
11 11 f, i 1? 1 1 /0 0 / /5 H }7 1215 Vti.bUO U,M f n /c c
fIl -fjLnIlIfO
r. i '.7 1 VE , E
5 , 71S1u/ u / 7 5
1115 1020
01.300 0 6 .5 92 f II/CC
I l 11' r. t>/ t 1/UO/75 07 }7 oo n 1 5 9,fluoo 5.115 Fli/CC
' I l K' r. \ 1l / u o / 7 5 0 1 1 I l o t 1H7, oogo 1.196 Ffl/CC
i l lr> r. i i h 11/ O u / 75 U n i 1217 . U i . 2 0 0 0 1,651 FH/CC
l in Gr.9 ) 1/0*4/75 1?-j7 u / t 17b,aoou 2 ,5 90 FB/CC
E -.I<J-1(Tn lyt.s i.tUi
7CU 1i>a, jo 2,501 f/CC
?1 2,, r,|4 11/01/75 17n0 1051 29H,|gO 1,300 ffl/cc
TOOK 50 H|l LUNCH BKEAK WEHT TO S3 HILL DURING 5aKPl FOR to KIN, TOOK 15 HIN BREAK, 15 HIN BREAK,
CRMC-HT-TALC-000391
CHANGED FROH NYTAL 100 10 CERHATAl C HOT AT 1315 TO in IN LUNCH BREAK
PACKING NVTAL 200 UNTIL 6100FH,THEN NVTAL SOO
Vrai
t>ABl I i & ii
g u i . IsM
UuLtS.
C`JU>it ' / l "M ICAL HIC.
"
IjAtt
I t**t hUufei- LV1UILEUWMSE
CUNC. UMTS
TCO D IHEft RHE*K.
l l / i U / H l s3 215U 195,9000 3.819 fH/CC TOOK 15 HH COFFEE BREAK,
11/01/75 1 9 25
n /ou/?5
11/ yu/ 75
2 150 22 7 96,9000 071 <j9l 7 5 , 000 091ft - . 1 0 - 1<i, 20 00
6,26
1,136 5.35
fH/CC -Fe / c c---FR/CC -- "j u m o 's h e p i m 6*ou t "froh
WOKH
BAGS ou , g a u a l i c
1J / u / 7 S
10 . 1 1 3 7 .......2 9 ,1 0 0 0 -- 2,936
FR/CC -- TOOK 30 MIN I.UNCH BREAK,
1 1/ 1)u / 75 1317 . I29 68,00 0 0 - 5.550
3. 15 il / u / 75
. . o<*;5 - . u92o -- 15,700 -
1,573
1 i / ,j / 7 5
12 "5 J S , 30 UQ 2,367
11/')0/7S 125 l 13 19,60 0 1,750
2.032 . ' 11/ U5 / 75
12t ~ 155
227,0000
9. 19
11 / d5V 75 11oH . 121 - 1 5 8 ,1 U00 3.735
FR/CC -
FH/CC fR/CC FR/CC .FR/CC FB/CC... ioBKlrt Vl'VKiF s T M n l M M U K M M
0 M >"
m n?ii .. t I / U 5 / 7 5 - ..... OTnt - 110 6 _ 1 9 , 9 0 0 0 - . 1,1 95 . fb/C C - HATHTEIUnCE AT s haft STATION,
" TfO A <f ,a
, 3d I A G / l
- .1 IC-TfO W f .
H o " 1C r*?uS
2. o)u t i / G5 / 7$ 0655 vj9y
N, 7n 1 -. . . --- * 1t/u 5 /7 5 H t i 57
219,3000 0,751
---- -
......
JK5.9U0O 1,M97
FB/CC REPAIRING 3LU5HH,FH RAHP, f B/CC
--TOOK -30 HJH-LUNCH 8HEAK,--
I |f ic 0? il 1 / 0 5 / 7 5 702 1112 25,0000 1,259 f S/CC -MAINTENANCE AT SHAFT gTATION^-
" ElC-iffO i.vf. l , W I r r, I hi 11 / S / 75
. ll 0
. 55
76,5000 3,678 fb/CC
q JvC
jjtfjl, J.'OIV jn'UL
Ht SUL *a
/**tl.VI ICl *l CM'*t UH(. i tJUIN CUUNt /uPl le Al. H l c u ,
-i'i i.O,
.:1
1I1loE UUFl,tF VL1OUUUIHSt Cune,
If r. i ^ 7 1t / 0 5 / 7 5 132 19 10... - 7B, 2 0 il 0 t.063
If G?)o 1/ u5 176 1021 n 37 129,2000 2,716
If r.?io l l / o S / 7 5 1 117 132`t 1t t l ,9000 2,786
. 1GmT, 0
2.b57
l G 7* 1I / o5/ 75 1 12b i u55 15 3*u l'U0 2 116!
13 Gi 9} 1 / y5/ J5 uopo 0959 9 3 ,5000 2 i J21
I1 G? Gl i l / o b / 7 5 . 0059 - . 1197 . 181,60(10 2,o59
U 13 G? 12 1l / b / 7 5 1 1(l7 1325 16 6 , bOO 0,219
13 - G?19 11/05/7 5 . OG5U ..... U9 0 9 . . 221.0 000 ..... 1.112
'"!F0 A1/ , 5 1,oi>0
in G|6H 1 1/u 7/75 1112 1129 190,9000 2,56o
IS G, " 1-lf0 i vi . t
1,o019/07 /7 5 ...... 0 i 5 ... 0952 .......266,9000. -- 0,916-
C1 10 Gl ?1 11/07/75 1113 1329 . 2 6 6,9 0 0 0 0,000
31 In C) 1 I 1/u 7/75 . l)95 - . 1 ! 33 .... _ 266,9000. . .. 0,000
01 ! P
.
0? IG
(2 ' IG
, i r,
12 ir,
u2 1^ 02 I
GVi 5,3a r. m i
C \t>?
Gt o *Gvf17, (:, GI S J Gt ^^
2, l1o1o/U//75 11/07/75 1 1/ 0 7 / 7 5 11/07/75
2,1!6t5/u 7 / 7 5 11/07/75 11/07/75
(J72l --- 0 956 . ... 25B, 900 . 2,196
. 0900 -- 07^9 09 1 7
till
0937 . 6 2 ,9000 ... 1)9O 159,7000 11 il) 1 9 2 , IOQO 1325 . . |93,euoi)
3,025 2,912 2,299 l 21B
Il u5 , 1 iuU . 127 ,5iO0 1U9 09i)5 1 ! 95 2 72 , 0 00 0' 9,029
f/CC
t !) IvOtvtOJH. S*1"**^ ** iOL I a
',11 :-uL i
u.;).-' / i `. : u T t C U ltC f-lfjO E| flH tM CUa'<T
t"V b^I 5 * " l' U
fiilf
1 " f .
''ll
no-if o tv .:
3. /
7 7
1 JHf
O
uff
(V 11
w i
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<")S t
( 1 6 S (, 1 7
G 1 *i U t Vf . 8
r, i r j
1 l /u7/75
11/07/75 -
1 1/,07/75 ,7?3
1 1/07/75
n U 0951 o7 1a
t 1 i
l i/o unoOSt
1320
A '^i i c a l . m i c k u .
VIILUHE U 0S
CI!C,
tau.7000 173,0000 270,3000
0,502 0,285 3.56
27U, lu 0O 0,000
i>5
If
Gi n
U'.s
l.
b ' uo-rfD
1 *1 u t
1C
Cl-* iV
ni >i
i u .,6 ! c Gl <11
!
C6 1 c
r .i 2
; - f lC.*-.rpn AVf *
3 10 u
r.u
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r 13
if,
h-\c,
t&
3<''i ~e i o- r f
r. i i 7
f. 1 -.7 AVf a3
| 0*-1 1
1/
Gl su
1 1/Il7/ 75
! 1/07/75 3.9<>t
1 1/07/75
11/07/75 11/0 7/75 1.U 1 l/OU/75 1 1/ U/ 75
t 1/u/75
1t /O/75 a u i i
11/07/75
0 7 ?5 0050
U95U 1 13
2 5 3 . 30OO 170,0000
0,677 8,355
C0
1J lo
17o,tuoo
2,197
07)6 .. u95i) . . . asu,ooo . - 1,235
U15
1 32
185,3000
1.913
0 7o T 05<1 110 a 1 3d2
o9ba 1 i 2
290,7000 176,0000
,53 ,019
. 1302 ... . 20 , OlioQ . - , 3 39
1 27
70,50 01)
1,656
07/7
0957
255,0000
1,570
0- n
i f
O'- 1 1 If
Gl 7Ci G ! 5
t 1/ 07/ 75 11/07/75
095? usa
usa 132
195,5000 156,14000
3,1 1 0.75}
f b / cc -------------------------------------Ffl/CC
Fli/CC - TOO HIGH-TO COUNT, FB/CC FB/CC
FH/CC FB/CC --------------------- ;----------------------- :---------------------------------------FB/CC
FB/CC Fft/CC f H/CC ----------------------- ------- ,------------ - ----------------- ------------- -------Fft/CC
FB/Ct FB/CC FB/CC
HJCH CONC. e.STIATE;D-COC, -ONLY----------------------OBRE TUNNED fF PUMP DUHlWG 30 HlH FOB tUKCH,
C-RMC-HT-TALC-000394
Eil
V IIHJL SA^L HtSUCiS
r-.piljc: 'iS. Kit-'sj*tii/s'-^tii JC^t ftC>''lu'Jf t flMEM
psS'-iir1T.3, Si***'.Lf in Ci
T1!1>1<,E . 11/05/75 . ,110 ....
FJO-ilpO iV/ , : 20,152
EIC1-1l {0
AGVfi 56:
1i / n 5 / 75 22,5 b3
I 2u 0
19 0| u I l /u S /7 5 M?5
CUUft'T TOIKfEE . i 3*u. --
1o55
1u 15
/ELECT" UVOtLEUkMSE 197,2000
229.500U s.uuoo
HiCMO, CNC, 20,152.
22,563
13.223
19 r? si 11/05/7 5- 07Q0' 0.B32 156,0000
e i c - i f o AVf , 10.395
--
.J 18 r,2'Ji) 11 /0 5 / 7 5 ts9 1)900 273,7000
16-.If 0 iVf , s *9 uo U
!JS . IGI-SttO
i fv.;f>2. -3
11/05 /7 5 17.523
.
I2u0 -- 115 ....... 161,5000
in r,<)U 11/0 3 /75 1511 . . 1755 ......275.MOOO
-E ICi-nIf 0
r,n
AV ,s
25,o!l1t./0 3 /7 5
155
1959 210,8000
53 5 IS r.Srt 11/0*1/75 *d5 1007- 105,0000
8,855
9,b0
-17,523. 18,365
33.705 36,561
iS r, i t 11/0*1/75 13 35 1 30 9 3 ,50 0 0 9,0U
, I C 7F0 Auf .= 23.012
. t ! C-1i 1J f 0
r. 7
U f ,3
ft . 0117/0 0 /7 5 . . 0&>6 ___ 0905. -----130,3000
...
8,967
2 1 r. i? 11 /0 3 /7 5 . - 1852 ___ 185 ------1 12,2000 * - 15,563 -
-f 1n" i f /> i.V( 1 5 ,Sol
. IC-l iifO *i*Ai *,U=i n ? . s1o1?/u< / 75 09u6 1055 1 1 7 , 3UU 102,662
i1 r.li ! I/U 3/75 1ftif# 170 102,0000 33,667
r l n t f O Vit , J 1, 0 |7
'i'rt.
UMTS
Flt/CC ----T-lU-H-M--IM-G---2-J--S-L-O-P-E---U-O-K- ^-L-I-W-C-H--B-R-E-A-K---U-5-0---l-2-l-5-*
f H/CC
fti/CC FH/CC
SPENT 20 IN I BREAK ROOM,
DRAGGING ORE, 3KALL CAVERN 7 0 O fT LEVEL.
FB/CC TOO HIGH TO COUNT,-----------F H / C C --------------------------------------------------
FII/CC - ------------------------------------------ -- FH/CC
FB/CC - TOO. HIGH TO COUNT -- Ftl/CC-- outside nnflxiHG-r--
FB/CC -- - - -----------------------
FB/CC-------S---R--U--N---S-,^----1-0----H--I-M--,------- fU/CC
FH/CC 3 s a m p l e r u n , s i n ,
CRMC-HT-TALC-000395
3, I >;01v1r>'J*U JA^p e E HESUtlS
l
...... - L F L-.t
- i c u ,,m
U .L >>
/lut. K.
c(<c,
uwns - -
P15E i'V
i8S. S
ai# Si
.E U-'1M1i 0
r, | mi ^ r *-
1j / u "/75 IH.S
2? r,no? 1) /o 5/7S
^ElC-'ir tVf . * 25,501
:i,EiC,-iL"|f;D
r,`<b Vf . S
1 1/ 0 . ' 5 11. '1 I
S 21 r. 7 11/O 3/7 S
U i o n (b & . = l ,
\
U\
l
G
'i
lHf
0
A**r).*. 5
111u/ 7S 7.? AO -
{ : '
r. i o 1l / 3/75
|>i lG" tfO iUf ,9 2f..tL5
I 11 G1 S ; |/ o u / 7 5
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