Document aBN0eRMyyxobQ5R3GBqDYeeKY

HW BfcUiflumi I FACTSrwouFOrUNiiO*LATMlOrNiNC } Foun0*tron F*ct* I* * monthly n*w*.letter iuueo to Entiuttrlii concern* holding . m*mberhio In Industrial Hygiene Foundation. Tho Foundation it a combined reeeerch and rviee inatitution to protect the health of worker* in industry, Vol. 3. September, 1941 No. 9. Stressing the theme, "Defend 'the Defense Worker!" the sixth annual meeting of Industrial Hygiene Foundation (formerly Air Hygiene Foundation) will be held at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, on Wednesday and Thursday, Nov. 12-13. Latest progress in health protection of workers will "pass in review." The Medical Section includes the first report on findings from the Founda tion's study of Sick Absenteeism in Industry. This study was started on January 1st of this year with the collaboration of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Ameri can Association of Industrial Physicians and. Surgeons. A number of representative companies affiliated with tho Foundation have been keeping records of their sick absences. The experience of those companies is being analyzed by Dr. W.M. Gafafer, Senior Statistician, U.S. Public Health Sorvico. Andrew Fletcher, Vice President and Treasurer, St. Joseph Lead Company, will make an economic analysis of the data. e Other program highlights: The Role of Fhployee Health in Industrial Relations Health Protection for Top Supervisors Experimental Work on the Use of Aluminum to Combat Silicosis r Trends Toward Compensation of Tuberculosis as an Industrial Disease Employability of the Physically Handicapped . Impact of Chemical Priorities on Industry A Safe Substitute for Mercury in Certain Industries Protection of Workers in Wartime, (ventilation of blackout plants, etc.) Aggravation of Old Hazards and Possible New Ones Under Emergency Conditions Large X-Ray Film, Paper, Miniature Films -- Which Should be Used for Chest Surveys in Industry? > Findings from a Major Study of Fatigue Findings from Industrial Hygiene Surveys of 30 Munitions Plants _T1 The Foundation's Medical and Engineering Committees, headed by Dr. A, J. Jy Lanza and Prof. Philip Drinker, will report latest developments and trends in indus trial health, together with findings from the Foundation's medical and engineering -__ -_________ researches. Prof. T. F. Hatch of Penn will report on the Foundation's study of cx - isting exhaust systems. Administration of the Mine Inspection Act will be discussed with questions and answers. The Legal Committee vail analyze occupational disease r- laws, court decisions and ponding state and federal legislation. Further details will be sent to members shortly. Meanwhile, plan to grant this program your best personal priority! --- November 12 and 13. 03118079 IIN0USTR1AU MYGIEV.S FOUNDATION 4*00 *1*TH AVKNUC RrrrsBuRGx. w HHBB-0007fil2 5!\ September, 1941. Industrial Hygiene foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Fa. /TS\ DIGEST OP INDUSTRIAL HTGI5MB Literature--Mews--Developments News Items 696 American Conferen.ce on Industrial Health Meets November 5 and 6. Under the auspices of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons the American Conference on Industrial Health will hold its Second Annual Meeting on November 5 and 6, at Chicago Towers, Chicago. Tho opening session will be a symposium on the technical problems of industrial health on the basis that health supervision in industry involves two great principles* (l) the adjustment of the working environment to tho employee; and (2) tho ad justment of the employee to the working environment, including also the himan environment. The technical problems arc the result of the application of these principles, and run the who^a gamut of public health as applied to industry. The afternoon session will b a symposiixn on the economics of Industrial health, including: (l) organization and cost of a health service, and (2) dis cussion on the valuo of industrial hoalth service to the employer, the employee and the public. The morning of the second day will be given over to a sympoaiua on the social implications of industrial health, discussing how far an indus trial health service should go; are hospital and. medical care plans related to industrial health service in any practical way; does legislation ploy & part in this problem; and the evaluation of labor turnover, spoilage, and lack of train ed men, together with the experiences of management and the interests of Insur ance carriers in the medical and social problems presented. 697 Special Course In Industrial Hygiene Offorod at University of Pennsylvania. In order to provide trained industrial hygienists to meet the needs of expanding health and safety services in the defense industries, the University of Pennsyl vania offers a course of instruction, of twelve weeks duration, in Industrial Hygiene. The course will be given under the auspices of the Engineering. Science and Management Defense Training Program of the U.S. Office of Education and is open to graduates in engineering, chemistry or allied aciences. Subjects covered in the course include: Principles of industrial hygiene, industrial hygiene laboratory methods, industrial ventilation, safety engineer ing, administration of industrial health services, Industrial psychology and statistical methods. Presentation of tho course is contingent upon the en rollment of a satisfactory amber of students, (which will run from October 27, 1341 to January 17, 1942). Applications for admission to the course should be addressed to: Theodore Hatch, Associate Professor of Industrial Hygieno, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 03118060 HHBB-BBB7413 2_r^l 0 0 P'r* -7>- Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2. Legal Develoqaents 698 Inhalation of Vaporized. Le:iQ Paint. Lead Poisoning, Accidental Injury. Respondent worked half a day with petitioner on July 28, 1940, and experienced some discomfort end roqueated e respirator which the petitioner furnished but which by reason of its age and condition, ?/as only partially effective. Respond ent worked the following day and skipped a day on account of lack of paint and then worked three days more with lead paint and two days with aluainum paint which had no load content. The respondent testified that he began to have stomach cramps end muscular pains on the third day but that he thought that his difficulty was duo to the confined space in which he was working and the intenso heat. Respondent returned to his home July 31st end hia condition became such as to require medical attention. An injury to an employee engaged in a hazardous employment in consequence of exposure to and inhalation of vaporized lead paint discharged by pressure spray gun over a short period of time which results in acute lead poisoning is sufficiently certain and definita in point of time to constitute an accidental injury. Award of compensation for tem porary disability sustained. C.&. Howard & Co. ot al. v. McKay et al. Okla. Supreme Ct. Decided Septembers, 1941. (CCH), 699 Eye Burn Resulting From Exposure to Arc-Light Flashes. "Accident" Within the Meaning of the Act. Time of Occurrence of the Accident. - This controversy involves a claim for compensation for an eye burn, "conjuncti vitis,'1 resulting from exposure to arc-light flashes while the employee was I working near some welders. The Industrial Cemission found In favor of thm ' claimant and awarded compensation. Ho permanent disability is involved, the matters presented boing the happening of an accident, and the question as to which of two insurance carriers is liable should it be Judicially determined that the employee sustained a compensable accidental injury within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act. It is undisputed that the Great American Indemnity Company, plaintiff in error, was the Insurer of the employer for this hazard until noon. May 11, 1940. The company denies liability after this date, and asserts that the State Compensation Insurance Fund became the carrier of the risk. The Industrial Commission found that the accident occurred May 10, 1940. The points urged as requiring reversal ore that there was no accident within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act; if there was an accident the dis ability did not extend over ten days; the accident occurred some time after noon May 11, 1940, at which time plaintiff in error was not tho carrier of the risk. Counsel for tho indemnity company first contend for nonliability, in that claimant suffered from an occupational disoasa rather than an accident. If claimant had been working as a welder there perhaps would be some basis for tho contention advanced. He was engaged in doing general work; nor was this injury, under the circumstances, to be expected in the usual course of events. There is ample testimony to support the finding that the disability was compessablo from June 5 to July 5, 1940. Thoro is no dispute that tho injury for which the em ployees sought compensation was present May 10. The commission was warranted, as a reasonable inference therefrom, in finding that claimant's eye condition resulted from sin. exposure to flashes incident to welding operations on that date, or within a reasonable time prior thereto. Tho jud&ient is affirmed. Great American Indemnity Co. v. State Compensation Insurance Fund et al. Colo. Supraae Ct~. BecidcdT'Scptcmbcr 2, 1941. (CCHj" _ --Annual Meeting -- Nov. 12 end 13-- 03118081 r HUBB-00B7M* Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. 700 Death of State Department Bnployee from Lobar Pneumonia._Question Whether Death ms Approximately Caused by the Employment, McKinnon, while an employee of tho North Dakota state highway department ao an engineer, died from lobar pneumonia. The plaintiff, his wife, applied to the bureau for compensation. From judgaent for the plaintiff, defendant appeals. Tho deceased worked in snow prevention work. The deceased had a cold for sometime. He drove in an automobile to his home, a distance of approximately one hundred miles. The following day, the doctor diagnosed his case as pneumon ia. The solo question lre is whether the plaintiff has shown the lobex pneumonia was "approximately caused by the employment." In the case at bar, there was nothing unusual in the work of tho deceased. Just when he was inocu lated by the germ no one could tell. The Workmen*s Compensation Act does not cover diseases contracted hy an employee outside of his employment; and where compensation is sought on the theory that the death of tho employee was caused by disease, it must be shown that the disease was approximately caused hy the employment. 7/here the alleged origin of such disease is purely speculative and tho disease may equally well have been caused by factors unconnected with the employment, the burden of proof has not been sustained, and no compensation can e be allowed. The plaintiff has failed to 3how that the disease from which the worker died was approximately caused by his employment. Judgment reversed. McKinnon v. I.'.D. Workmen* s Compensation Bureau. N.D. Supreme Ct. Decided i , August 28, 1941. {CCH). | 7C1 Silicosis. Poor Ventilation In Mine. Insufficient Eouinaont. Occupatipj^l Disease. Those are appeals by Howard, Connell, Johnson, Stevens, Vcight and Wiliiemmom from orders, respectively, of tho Industrial Accident Board denying compensation. All six worked in the defondant company* s Mayflower Mine and subsequently sought workmen* s compensation, for silicosis suffered by reason of their employment prior to June 1933. The six cases wore consolidated for tried. The rocord presents one question, is the disease suffered, silicosis, an occupational dis ease, that is to say, one which inheres in the particular employment, which can not be prevonted by reasonable means? Tho evidence is undisputed, end the board found that blasting operations in defendant's quartz mine wore generally carried on just before the close of each work shift; that blasting operations erected much dust and smoke and fumes; that there was always more or less silica laden dust in the air in tho vicinity where drilling operations and blasting were carried on; that after the spring of 1936 the underground employees of the com pany ate thoir lunch at the various station levels by the shaft. Here it Is un disputed the Mayflower Mine wa3 not provided with any mechanical ventilation v.'hatever sifter May, 1936; that the company did not Install exhaust pvmps or fil ters of any type; that in the absence of mechanical ventilation it did not pro vide masks for its underground workers, notwithstanding the fact that the air way was partially bio`iked and the natural circulation theroby impaired. The company provided wet drilling equipment, but that, as the record indisputably shows, was, in and of itsolf vrtiolly insufficient to protect the workers from silicosis. . As to tho law in effect when the disease was contracted, whether the contraction of silicosis shall, or shall not, be deoaod to be accidental depends "on tho particular circunstances of the case and accidental featuroa, or the absence thereof." There was accidental injury hero. Silicosis is in large part preventable by one device or another. Claimant i3 clearly and unquostioiw ably antitied tc recover compensation. The causes are remanded, with directions to tho Board to award compensation in accordance with the grade of disability it found c1aimants suffered. Howard v. Texas Owyheo Mining k Develomoat Co. Idaho Supreme Ct, Decided July 17, 19417 (CCH). r HHBB-0007*! 1`j ~ / .t S' <: Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4, 702 Silicosis. Recovery of nnmmn-Law Liability for Negligence. Attempt to Recover from Insurance Carrier. Wo Accidont. It appears that the plaintiff, before the institution of the suit at bar, had secured a Jud^iont against his former employer, the National Iron Company, for damages on aocount of having contracted silicosis by roason of the negligence of the employer in its failure to obey and comply with certain statutes of the State of Minnesota designed for the safety and well-being of employees in cer tain types of industry. The plaintiff alleges hie inability to collect his said judgment fren his former employer, and brings this suit against the insurer. The defendant, on the other hand, contends that said policies only cover liability for injuries sustained by accident, and that plaintiff's condition was caused by disease. There are raised by the pleadings but two questions for the Court to determine on this motion: first, whether the policies cover liability for all injuries or only those sustained by accident, and, second, was plaintiffs injury sustained by accident. In the case of Golden V. Lerch Bros. Inc., the facts are almost identical with those of thi3 case. The Court in the Golden case said: "The recovery of Golden against bis employers was not under the compensation law. It was exclusively on their ccnmon-law liability for negligence. That tort functioned harmfully, not through or because of accident, but rather and exclusively by insidious and chronic disease, in the causation of which there was no accident." The Minnesota Supreme Court has determined the precise questions raised here, contrary to the contentions of the plaintiff^ The motion of the defendant is granted. Schramm v. Liberty Mutual Ins. Cm. U. S. Diet. Ct., Dist. of Minn. Decided August 25, 1941. (CCH). X 703 Occupational Diseases. Workmen's Compensation Law Supplement, New York State Department of Labor, p. 14, 1940 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. A mechanic who tested a large number of automobile motors each day in an ill-ventilated room become blind as a result of optic neuritis. The Industrial Board found that the blindness resulted from exposure to toxic amounts of CO from running motors and that the claimant's condition was an occupational disease covered by this paragraph. The finding was affirmed. "Any and All Occupational Diseases." The following diseases were hold compens able under this paragraph: Arthritis, traumatic, of the wrist, suffered by a presser who used a 12 lb. iron, traumatization being caused by the repeated pressure involved. Award was based on the proportionate loss of the use of the hand. Bronchial asthma, suffered by an automobile spray painter. Bronchitis complicated with 83ttma contracted by a tunnel worker. Bell's palsy suffered by the drlvor of an open truck and attributed to exposure to drafts, cold and v/ind, necessitated by his employment, Dupuytren's contrac tion sustained by a marble polisher required to tighten and loosen clsmpa. 704 Slight Deviation from Duty. Annotations, p. 29, Workmen's Compensation Law, South Dakota, 1941. Not every slight deviation from an employe's duty will deprivo him or Me depend ents of their right tc compensation under the Workmen* s Compensation Law. There is a distinction between negligently doing an authorized act and doing an un authorised act cr one beyond the employe* s job. The first doos not deprive the employe of his right to compensation whereas the latter does. If the injury or risk of injury is Incidental to employment, the right to compensation follows. (Stratton v. Interstate Fruit Co., 47 S. D. 452, 199 N.W. 117). ---Remember the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-rX 03118083 r /'--O '.S')! V*?", Digest cf Industrial Hygiene - 5. 705 TMaease: "Injury by Accident." Annotations, p. 26, Workmen's Compensation Law, South Dakota, 1941. Encephalitis, causing sudden collapse of a district manager after unusual exer tion, exposure and exhaustion, was hold to constitute "injury by accident." (Hsnzlik v. Interstate Power Co. 67 S.D. 289 N.W. 589). NOTE:It has been called to our attention by one of our mombeT companies that in itn #427, June, 1941 issue of the Digest, relating to the recent enactment in the State of Washington of Chapter 235, 1941, the wording is so framed as to be apt to give the erroneous impression that such act did not repeal the schedule of occupational diseases previously contained in the law (Sec. 7679-1 of Remington's Revised Statutes) and consequently that such schedule is still part of the law, whereas such act of 1941 expressly amended said Sec. 7679-1 of Remington's Re vised Statutes to read as correctly quoted in the first paragraph of item #427 in the Digest, with the consequence, according to all rules of construction, that the said schedule is no longor law. Compensation is now payable in Washington for any "such disaaso or infection as arises naturally and proximately out of extra-hazardous employment" this tens being elsewhere defined in the statute. Papors on Dust. Cases and General Industrial Hygiene 706 Prevention of Silicosis. Jcotton, Alumimiw. 22, 575-578 , 579, (November, 1940). Discussion of the use of metallic alvsainum in the prevention of silicosis, txcerpts are given from the report in the Roichsarbeitblatt (vol. 20, No. 26,1940). An extensive bibliography is given. 70 7 Mlneralogical Examination of the Silicosis Question. H.J, Helmers and H.Udluft. Jahrbuch d. Prcuss. Gcol. Landosanstalt, Berlin, 59, 727-754, (1939). (Oexman). Scricite, kaolin and feldspar were the most important substances found in tbs lung cf a silicotic miner. There was no quartz. However, the wash liquor con tained an important quantity of colloidal silicic acid. The authors think that the pH is most important in dissolving the silica in the tissues and so, corres pondingly, it plays an important part in determining the course of the disease. The dissolved substances correspond to the physico-chemical reaction of the dust particles and the fluids of the body, either eliminated without ban or produc ing callosities by precipitating out from silicic acid. 708 Structural Examination by Roontgen Hay3 of Pneumocoalotlc Lungs of Porcelain Workers. Part 4. H. Gartner. Arch, f. Gewerbcpath., 10. 151-163 (1940). (Gcimnn). Roentgen and chemical findings are presented of the dust seen in tbs lungs of 10 porcelain workers and 1 fluorite worker. Kaolin and quartz lines were seen, aid in every case in which dust was found, quartz was also shown by chemical analysis. The author states "....in the diagram, interference rings of kaolin wore to be found preponderantly or oven alone," and further that "therefore it is obvious to say that the silllmanita and kaolin may give silicosis without essential admixture of quartz." 709 The Question of Serial Examinations of Workers Exposed to Dust, by Means of Min iature Roentgenograms. E. Saupe. Arch. f. Gcwcrbcpath.. 10. 93-96 (1940). (Gcir.an). It is possible tc examine many men in a short time with miniature film -- the size most frequently used is 24 sq.mm. (0.95 sq.in.). Second stage silicosis is easily seen with certainty and first stage can usually bo recognized if the technic is perfect. The method must be improved 'and should bo follwed by large films in suspicious cases. 03118084 rftfiiii-M iu/'i i6 BBBB-0007M/ Digest of Industrial hygiene - 6. 710 Slllciua, Silicates, Silicosis, I. Giese. Klin. Wchnschr. 19^ 558-560 (1940). (deman). Rabbits ware injected intravenously with finely ground silicate dusts: clay, feldspar, serlcite. Deposits of the dust were found in the spleen, livor and lymph glands but no increase in fibrous tissue. Opal (amorphous silicic acid) was also injected and the results were large deposits of dust with many giant cells, but no fibrous tissue. Opal Is more soluble than quartz; therefore, the conclusion is made that the dissolved silicic acid is not the fibrous-producing . substance alone. Quartz is the only substance producing silicosis. Dust taken, from markedly silicotic lungs was also injected, and this again produced silico sis. A decrease in the amount of the injected dust could not be found. The author was ablo to show the formation of a covoring, characteristic of asbostosis bodies, by feldspar, scriclte and also opal, but in the smallest particles only, in the cellules. He concludes that dissolved silicic acid but not tho quartz may produce this covering. Quartz shows no morphologically demonstrable appearance of dissolution; in tho tissue the dust deposited in callosities re tains its fibrous producing effect. 711 Pulmonary Cancer Produced by Asbestos Dust in Experimental Animals. M. Nordmann e and A. Sorge. Zeltschr. f. Krobsforsch.. 51. 168-132 (1941). (German). Experimental work,with mice inhaling asbestos dust over a period of from 4? to 90 days for 3-1/2 to 5 hours a day produced asbc3tosis bodies and pmouncod'ftegroos of diffuse fibrosis after the 20th week. Proliferation of the bronchAl epitheliun was found, such hyperplasia encroaching on neighboring alveoli. This was followed by a metaplasia to pavement epithelium with cornification, which later seemed to be a transition to malignant neoplasm. The first wll--developed carcinoma was found after 240 days. By this time only 10 of the mica had sur vived and 2 carcinomas were found among then. In the first series, 33 of SO mice lived longer than 6 weeks; 14 showed abnormal growth of the epithelium, 5 metaplasia and cancer. In the second series, 28 (of SO) lived more then 6 weeks; 16 showed abnormal growth, S metaplasia and comifylng cancer. 712 A Case of Pulmonary Asbcstosls Accompanied by Tuberculosis. H. Hanneseotu Tubercle. 22. 40-44 (Pobruary. 1941). During the period 1933-1939 inclusive), there were 90 known deaths from astestosis in Great Britain, of which 32 were associated with tuberculosis. This reports the case of 44 year old man who had been an asbestos blower, supplying the mater ial to a cleaning machine. Although supplied with a respirator, he had never worn it. He was thin, had a high temperature, emphysema, and bilateral crepita tions over wide areas. Clubbing of the fingers was markod and the 8putt* con tained both asbestosis bodies and tubercle bacilli. The roentgenogram showed "widespread progressive nodular tuberculous infiltration with cavitation in all zones of the right lung fields and in the upper and mid-zonos of the left lung fields.... 1 The right dome of the diaphragm was elovated. There was no radio graphic evidence of pneumoconiosis." A diagnosis of asbestosis and tuberculosis was made. The patient died within a month of spontaneous pneimothorax. Pulmon ary findings showed both to have extensive fibro-caseous tuberculosis with cavi tation; nacroscopically they wore like those of pure tuberculosis. Microscopic ally there was revealed aeneous tuberculosis with many tubercle bacilli and typical reticular fibrosis of asbestosis with thickened pleura. Them la a dis cussion of the diagnosis of the pure and complicated disease. ---Foundation*s Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Nov. 12-13-- 03118085 HMSa-0607U8 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 7. 713 The Lunas of Coal Miners in New South Wales1 ChwnHnal Analyses and Fatbclogy. C. Badhaa sad H.B. Taylor. Studies in Ind. Hyg., No. 0. Report for year ended December 31st, 1939. Health Dept., New South Hales. A report of findings in a study of the lungs of 30 minors and other workers in the mines of New South Wales. A briof case report is given for each individual, including occupational history, gross and microscopic pathology in the lung, .1 cardiovascular and other complications, and chemical analysis of the lung. The findings are tabulated but analysis of the data is postponed for a later mono graph. The authors state their views as to the formation of coal dust nodules, which they regard as "taking origin at the same site as the early silicotic nodule, but owing to their sore diffuse nature, they early surround and include the terminations of respiratory bronchioles." They raise the question as to bow far this reaction is due to the inert dust and bow far to the. small amount of free silica which accompanies it. They also believe "that very little of the dust breathed finds its way into the interstitial tissue of the lungs, and that very little of the relatively insoluble duat is eliminated by solution or by the lymphatics." 714 "Miners Lumt,T (Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Antfcracosis). An Analysis of 227 Casoa. C.C.aill7 Military Surgeon, 86, 264-888(1941). Cases of pneumoconiosis have been collected from the records and x-rays of a large Veterans* hospital for tuberculosis. Of the total 227 cases, 142 aro con sidered as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis, 54 as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis with tuberculosis and a final group of 31 cases on which autogay was performed. These seven categories are divided according to age group and to years spent in mining. In all cases of simple pneumoconiosis, sputva samples were consistently negative. X-rays of one patient with 3rd stage pneumoconiosis were taken over a period of 9 years with no progression visible on the plate, although the symptoms increased in severity. A large niaber of the men had bed comparatively short exposures, although one was as long as 46 years. Of the 31 autopsies, 21 showed no tuberculosis and the cause of death in nost or all of these was a disease other than pneumoconiosis. Three cases diagnosed as pneumo coniosis showed no silicosis at autopsy. There is a discussion of diagnosis. 715 Study of Dust Conditions in the Tri-State Mining District of Oklahoma, Hannas and Missouri. C.C. Dills. Am. J. Pub. Health, 31, pp, 619-629 (June, 1941^ A study of surface and underground dust conditions in the Plcher District has been in progress for 3 months. 1366 surface dust sanples wars taken st 11 sta tions. The worst average dust concentration in the area was found to be 3.3 million particles, and the average for all counts was 1 million per cu, ft. Con trol stations outside the field gave an average count of 0.35 million particles. Medical studies *ro still being conducted so that safe limits can he set. Dust conditions in mines that had a routine sampling service were found to be better than in mines without this service. The average dust oount for drillers in the latter was 6.6 million particles, compared with 1.6 million for the former mines. The average dust counts for shovelers were 4.3 end 2,7 for mines without and with sampling services. Collaring holes dry was found to be the worst source of dust. Dust control measures include wetting muck piles, work ing faces and haulage ways, spraying headings and drifts and mechanical loaders, shooting off shift, collaring halos wet, and ventilation. Dust sampling in con fined places has indicated that whore these dust control devices are applied pro perly, dust concentrations can he maintained below 5 million particles. Discussion: Similar results were found in 10 mines in Oklahoma. Lower counts wero soon in mines with routine dust sampling than in mines without. Double shift operations increase the dust problem by keeping the dust from settling. 03118086 T HBBB-000M19 sCs " / ,<r?\ 0 V9^. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. 716 Control of Tuberculosis and the Bapioyment of a Tuberculous Individual in Indus try. W. A. Sawyer. Ind, Med.. 10. 221-226 (June. 1941). '~ 1. Industrial medicine is primarily directed toward the discovery of incipient disease* 2. An example of this is the detection and control of tuberculosis amongst the employes of the Eastman Kodak Company where the incidence has been reduced since 1921 from 2.3 per 1,000 to 0.2 per 1,000 in 1940. 3. A program of routine serial or annual stereoroentgenograms was made an estab lished procedure in 1928. 4. An accurate and active follow-up technic is a basic requirement for the success of any effort to curb tuberculosis. 5. In a study of the cost of tuberculosis among 100 of those employes, average age 31 years, the average time lost from work per case was 595 working days or 2 years and 15 weeks. The total cost for these 100 cases was $406,163 or an average per case of 4,062. Private agencies here approximately 80$ of the cost, while public agencies (tax-supported} bore approximately 20$, 6. Rehabilitation of the worker after convalescence must be considered if the gains of treatment are to be maintained. 7. A survey of 219 industrial organizations by E. A. Hoehhauser revealed the fact that 203 employers re-employed workers with arrested tuberculosis. 6. The following factors must be taken into account in any consideration of the employment of an arrested case of tuberculosis: (a) The extent of the lesion; f (b) The completeness of the cure; I (c) The character of the job; 9 (d) The neccasity for adequate medical supervision after return to 9. It would seem safe to say that the employing of an arrested casa of tuberculosis on the proper job is not toe great a risk, provided auch individuals are under adequate medical supervision. 10. Discovering and arresting tuberculosis is only successful if we make it possible for the individual to once again become a wage earner. 717 Infection by Tuberculosis in Working Places. Obligation of the Manager to Pre vent the Danger of Infection of Workers. Ztschr. f. artz. Fortbild., 2/ 707 708 (1940}. (German). _ The courts recognize the claim for compensation In cases whore one works? con tracts tuberculosis from another worker in the factory. The supreme court stressed that the plaintiff need not prove the facts very strictly if thsre is a question of the managers having violated his duty of protecting the workmans* health. It Is sufficient to prove that there were irregular and dangerous con ditions. 718 Report of a Study of the Granite. Mica, Feldspar and Foundry Industries lfl Mew Hampshire. F.J. Vintinner and others, N.H. State Board of Health, Concord, N.H. pp. 72 (Fobruory, 1941). More of a treatise on general subject of dust control than a statement of the findings in a detailed study. Illustrates the difficulty of prosonting a repre sentative picture of working conditions in an industry, when conditions Vary considerably from plant to plant, 719 Expert Opinion About Pneumoconiosis (Silicosis). E. Gaubatz. Beitr. z. Slip, d. Tuberc.. 95. 286-311 (1940). (German) ~ ' Only "serious" silicosis is compensated in Germany. New connective tissue foima- tion in the lungs must diminish respiratory capacity and affect the circulation so that there is a considerable decrease in bodily efficiency. The author has examined respiratory and cardiovascular function in 300 slllcotlca in the past five years. Thirteen cases and their conclusions are referred to in detail* 03118087 w rE? HBB-0007*?0 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9. 720 Silicosis and Slllco-Tuberculosis. II. Critical Examination of Roentgenograms. f / Differential Diagnosis Betwoen Silicosis and Other Pulmonary Diseases. E.Gaubetz. Dtsch. Tuberk.-Bl., 15_, 32-40 (1941). (German). A presentation of good description and reproductions of x-ray films of silicosis at different stages. Discussions of differential diagnosis are given,' illustrat ing the differences in films of silicosis, tuberculosis, miliary tuberculosis, cardiac lung, and carcinoma. 721 Subcutaneous Injections of Oxygen in Thorapy of Lesions of Respiratory Orsons Caused by Irritating GaseH l7Y. Sosnovik. Sovetsk. Mod. No. 19 p. 22. (l940). (Russian). ..... A report of 51 eases of toxic bronchitis, bronchiolitis and broncho pneumonia caused by irritant gases and treated with subcutaneous injections of oxygen. Among the irritants were nitric acid, phosgene, chlorine and chlorpicrin. Sub cutaneous oxygon was introduced in amounts varying from the initial dose of 200 cc. to 1000 cc. every other day; in cases of pneu&onia and broncho pneumonia 1000 cc. was injected daily. There was an imediate improvement subjectively, followed by diminution of cough, the sensation of tightness in the chest, dysp nea and the amount of sputua. It is also of value as a supplementary measure in a the treatment of acute and subacute bronchitis caused by irritating gases. 722 Disabling Sickness Among 2,000 White Male Glass Workers. W.M. Gafafer. Public Health Reports, 56, 1791-1799 (September 5, 1941.} t- This report deals with sickness and non-industrial injuries causing disability lasting 8 calendar days or longer among approximately 2,000 white mala workers in the glass industry during the S years, 1930-34. The frequency of diahlllty by broad diagnosis groups compares favorably with that experienced by 1W000 male industrial workers. The ntmber of days of disability because of rheumatic diseases ms over 50$ greater than the nrnber accounted for by influenza and grippe. Grinders, outside workers, and finishers experienced frequency, dis ability, and severity rates w*U above the average for the entirw groups of workers. It is of interest to obsorve that the outside workers show all three indexes to be relatively high for either the respiratory or the noB-respiretory diseases. Finishers, on the other hand, show indexes bolow the average for the entire group of workers with respect to respiratory diseases but shows the aver age for the noil-respiratory diseases. Grinders yield Indexes above the average with respect to son-respiratory diseases, and while this occupational group ex perienced a low frequency of respiratory diseases the disability and severity rates were above the average for the entire group of workers. Batch mixers, furnace and casting workers, show a relatively low frequency of respiratory dis eases but a long average duration of casos. 723 Catching the Dust from a Banner Mill. O.C. Ralston and J.E. Conley, U.S. Bureau of Hinas, Report of Investigations 3536 (1941). A dust catcher designed for use with a homer mill is described and illustrated. This type of mill probably exceods oil other types of arushere in the quantity of dust released into the surrounding air. This arises from the fact that the action of a hammer mill is closely analogous to that of a fan or blowwr. This emission of dust around a hammer mill is checked by means of a bag enclosed wittv- in a closed supporting frame that is provided with a flap door to permit the placing of a container to catch the crushed material. A pipe directs the air current from the top of the frame to a large can that contains the bag. This bag, in turn, rests in a wire net. The wire net is enough aoeller then the can so that a 2-in. annular ring remains around the net. This detail prevanta the suction of the blower from sealing the bag against tbo wall of the can. About 99 per cent of the dust is caught by this bag, and another bag - on the blow er - finishes the Job. _ 03118088 er  / ,i =y/` -~7/ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 10* 724 Public Opinion Demands Removal of Dust from Cement Plants. Anonymous, Concrete (Cement Mill Ed.) 49,214-216 (August. 1941). A discussion of the various modern types of dust control equipment availabe for cement mill installation. According to the author, a "well-known cement plant superintendent," ...."The public demands the discontinuance of dusty conditions within a canent plant, and in the atmosphere around a cement plant if it happens to bo located in or near a city or town, or in a rich farming community." Ho has seen this public attitude developing and growing all through his 25 years of experience In cement manufacturing operations. 725 Ignoranco is no Excuse. L.R. Bloomcnthal. Heating, Piping and Air Cond., 13. 564-566 (September, 1941). With prolonged hours of operation and a constant influx of new workers, due to the demands of the defense program and the general rise in business activity, industrial health hazards are likely to increase, particularly in those plants where gases, dusts and fumes result from manufacturing processes. The author, an attorney, cites a number of specific cases which have come up in various states in this brief review of the subject. His selection of the material brings out a umber of the legal principles involved, 726 Resolutions of the German Commission on Protective Devices Against Duet. Arbeitsschutz. p. 407 (1941). (German). ' Protective devices were tested by the committee for the dust protection of tbe insurance associations. The results on 13 devices, together with descriptl&w and illustrations, are given. 727 Roentgen Findings of the Lungs in Mycosis Pungoides. J. Werth. Arch. f. Da. u. Syph.. 131, 299-314 (1940). (German). The appearance of the x-rays in these cases sea like silicotic lungs with "more fibrosis than usual" and "coarsely mottled." The disease begins in the lungs with a characteristic enlargement of th hilus, spreading out along the vessels to give a picture of increased fibrosis. 718 Hydrogen Phosphide Poisoning, I. Aniami Experiments on Acute and Subaoute Poison ing. Vi. Muller. Arch, exptl. Path. Phannakol.. 195. 164-193 {1940).(0eTaan). In atmospheres containing 1:400,000 or more of hydrogen phosphido rabbits wore injured or killed by pbLonged exposure. The intoxication is emulative and the progiosis is unfavorable. All important organs arc congested. The worst deaage is suffered by the respiratory tract, liver and kidneys. 729 Occupational Dangers from Hydrogen Sulfide. G. Rodenacker. Med. din., 37. 215-217^ (1941). (GermanT A discussion of the different health hazards of hydrogen sulfide -- acute poison ing, conjunctivitis, etc. There are reports of interesting cases, the historical background of this industrial disease, and a discussion of theory. 730 Order of the (German) Minister of Labor Regarding the Protection of Spray Paint ers, March 6, 1940. Reichsgesundhcitsbl.. 15. 383-384 Tl940). The terns of reference of the insurance association for fino mechanical and electric technics for producing fresh air apparatus for spray painting aro pub lished. Spraying largo pieces and standing inside the spray booth, the painter cqe be protected only by 3upplied-air apparatus. This must fulfil the following requirements, among others: Compressed air supplied to tho workers from the main factory source must be cleaned of oil vapors by activated charcoal filters; tho compressed air must be delivered in a single line to the worker's bench and here it must bo separated into spraying and breathing tubes. A half-mask or cap may be used but the stream of air must not go directly to the workers* faco. Automatic regulation and heating of the air are not always necessary. 0311__8_0_8_9 r iU tba-am /iw ? Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 11. 731 Toxicology- of Explosion Gases. Bans. Z. ges. Schiess-u. Sprengstoffw., 35, 181-132 (1940). (Gemini. . Explosion gases can tie divided into 3 groups with respect to their toxicological action: l) very poisonous: CO, nitrous gases, cyanogen compounds, H2S; (2) fairly poisonous: nitriles, CO2; (3) non-poisonous: Hydrocarbons, N, HgC. The amounts of CO found in the explosion gases from several explosives are: picric acid 61.05, TUT 57.01, nitrocellulose powder 46.37, carbonite 36.0, explosive gelatin 34.0 and ammonal 23.7456, Toxicological action is described for CO, nitrous gasos and HCN. The physiological action of explosion gases cannot be calculated from the toxicity of their components since these are not additive but synergistic. 732 Relation Between Carbon Monoxide Concentration In Air and Carbon Monoxide Hemoglobin Content. J, May. Arch. f. Oewerbenath.. 10 , 97-105 (1940).(German). Three charts arc shown: one depicting the formation of CO-henoglobln in man over various periods of time if the inhaled CO concentration is between 0.01# and 1#, and if the person is sitting, walking, or working; the second one illus trates the CO-hemoelobin curves in nan (sitting, walking, working) for CO concen trations from Q.C1-0.07#; the third chart shows the decrease of CO-henoglobin when the person inhalod pure air (these are based upon the author's solf exper e iments). If the time during which an individual was working in CO air, tha time elapsod between his removal and the taking of the blood sample, and the CO-heno globin of the sample are all known, the approximate concentration to which he was exposed can be estimated. . 733 oa to colorimetric Determination of Fluorine in the Air with Zlrconltm-Allxarln. K.U. Raines and S.V. Kazachkova. J. Applied Chen.. iU.S.S.R.), 13,153-136 (Russian with French sanmary.) Treat samples of air containing fluorine with 0.5 cc. each of Zr-allzarin indi cator, 3 N H2SO4 and 3 N HC1 in a volumetric flask. Add water to the mark, heat to boiling under a reflux condenser and cool rapidly. After 10 min., determine fluorine with the photocolorimeter. To propare the Indicator, mix equal volumes of Zr (^03)4 (0.78 ga. per 100 cc of water) and Na alizarinsulfonate (0.17 01 per 100 cc of water). If interfering substances are present, fluorine should be dlstillod as HoSiFg from the solution after addition of the above reagents and the distillate should be treated again as above. For the determination of fluorine a standard curve should be constructed by using various amounts of fluorine solution of known concentration. By this method 0.001-0.002 mg of fluorine can bo determined. 734 An Improved Air Sampling Device for Field Work. F.H. Van Atta and C.H. McClure. Tech. Paper No. 2, Illinois Dept, of Labor, April, 1941. A unit for sampling air for large impingers is described. It consists of a case containing ptnp, flometer, and impinger rack. 735 Preservation of Health in the Rubber Industry. F. iffarnecke, Zbl, f. Gewerbehyg., 28, 1-19 (1941). (German). ... An interesting description of the health hazards In the rubber industry and their prevention. Benzene and other solvents especially are discussod and some interesting facts about the dangers of "Buna" (artificial rubber) production arc brought to light. The escaping vapors, especially of styrol, irritate the skin. Individual processes and methods of decreasing their dangers are re ported, and there are a large number of illustrations. --Annual Meeting - Nov, 12 and 13-- 03118090 f sr HiifiB-B007<i?3 *1 a .< t Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 12. 735 Mine Safety and Accident Prevention. R. Boone. Mines Mag., 31, 61-5 (February, 1941). This paper is one of a series covering the subject of mine safety. In previous installments (November and Docasber, 1940 and January, 1941), most of the con sideration is given to accidents, with statistics, cost figures, safety rules, explosive and electrical hazards and gas and dust explosions. This paper deals with gas end dust hazards. The various gases found in mines, known to miners as blackdamp, firedemp, whitedamp, afterdamp, and stinkdamp, are described, and their effects and preventive measures are discussed. Blackdamp is the gas mo3t usually present, and consists of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen in various quantities, and its effects are those of oxygen deficiency, Whitedamp is carbon monoxide, and afterdamp consists of carbon monoxide added to the constituents of blackdamp. Firedamp is any inflammable gas, mostly methane, and stinkdamp is hydrogen sulfide. The known facts of the dust hazard are presented rather brief ly but adequately including the principal results of experimentation. The growth of the silicosis "racket" has been due to a concerted effort to hide the facts and to tako as few preventive measures as possible. Health problems in the mining industry should be handled essentially as have safety problems and cooperation between the management, the engineer and the physician is necessary in ardor to solve them. Fre-employment examinations, individual susceptibility, safe dust concentrations and preventive measures are discussed. In the March issue suggestions for reducing accidents are given, and in the concluding in stallment (May, 1941) safety organizations, rules and systems of reports arm considered. j 737 Air Douches as Means of Air Conditioning Wain Workrooms. W. Liese. Glasteohnische Bcr.. 19. 119-125 (April. 1941i. (Genoan). This article presents the results of the author's experiments carried out la glass plant to determine the effect of heat radiation on the akin of the face at different temperatures, and the effectiveness of air douches for alleviating disagreeable effects of heat radiation. (See Abstract So.209, March, 1940)* 738 Fog Formation in Working Chambers of Pneumatic Caissons. 0. K. Froehlich. Ingeniur 55. B93-95 (June 14, 1940). (Oensan). This is an account of an investigation of tho cause of fog formation in the work ing chambers of pneumatic caissons. Preventive measures ere discussed at con siderable length. 739 Local Cooling of Workers in Hot Industry. F.C. Hbughten and others. Heating, Piping & Air Cond.. 13. 462-465 (Julv7 1941). This paper discusses a study of two methods of local cooling applications, the results being limited to atmospheric conditions of approximately S0 relative humidity and either a 2500 fpa blast of cool air from a 4-in. nozzle located close to the worker, or a cool air supply of approximately 20 cfm through a loose-fitting coverall suit. The study shows conclusively that workers may be kept free from body temperature rise, excessive increase in pulee rate, and from perspiration with either a blast of cool air or by ventilating their clothing with cool aj.r. 740 Spirochetosis Icterohemorrhagica as an Occupational Disease. Etienne Martin. Med. du travail 12. 97-133 (1940)7 (French). In recent years this disease has appeared in only four mines with 31 cases, two ;f which were fatal. The disease only appeared in mines harboring infected rats. For prevention the author proposes eradication of rats, acidification of mine mud, prohibition of eating in mines, supplying pure drinking water, hygiene of the mines, and compulsory reporting of spirochetosis. 03118091 P HMBB-0007i?*i Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 13. 741 Industrial Health -- A Medical Opportunity. C.M. Peterson. Virginia Med. 5iontH7^r^TO_iT94lTT~~~~^"^~""^ Industrial medicine should occupy a greater part of medical education. Physi cians should take a greater interest in workers* health -- it would he of advan tage to thee, to the worker and to the community. The widespread adoption of workmen* s compensation legislation makes it imperative for physicians to recog nize and report industrial diseases. Medical societies, both state and local, are organising coramitteos for the improvement and dissaalnntion of such work in their communities. To achieve the best results, all groups public and private, should collaborate. /Tf\ 742 Importance of Constitution and Pace in the Origin of Occupational Diseases. N.V. Jagic and H. Seyfried. Med' Klin., 51, 1411-1413 (1940) TTGoroanT. ~ This is a discussion of the differences between occupational diseases that are entirely independent of the personality and disposition to illness, diseases caused by heredity and constitution, and diseases depending on constitution and special disposition, but finally becoming manifest by environmental influences. The authors stress the importance of constitution and race, citing examples, such as that asthenic persons have a higher susceptibility to poisons and to a joint injury by pneumatic tool3, and that pyknic persons havo a higher suscepti bility to dust diseases. Consideration of race and constitutional type are of value not only in giving expert opinions on occupational diseases, but also la prevention. j 743 Organic Angina Pectoris Slectrica. S. Koeppen. Munch, med. Wchnschr., 7, 1289-1292 {November 22, 1940). {GoimanJ. _, The author concludes that an electric injury to the heart can be accepted oSfy if the accident is immediately followed by cardiac disturbances, but that anatomically demonstrable changes cannot be expected because the current act* for only an extremely short time. He states that 16 of his 93 eases presented the aspects of organic angina pectoris electrlca. This disorder Is due to an iapf.irmont of the stimulus conduction system; that is, of the formation of the stimulus as well as of its course. Bloctrocardiographically, the dlaorder pre sents itself (1) as a coronary insufficiency, (2) as an aurloular fibrillation, and (3) as disturbances In the conduction of the stimulus. Be regards electri cal angina pectoris as a result of direct electrical action on the cardiac con duction system. 744 Prophylaxis of Throat Infection. R.E. King. Brit. Med. J.f ^ 154-155 {fobruary 1, 1941). In an effort to reduce the Incidence of infections of the upper respiratory tract produced in overcrowded air raid shelters, a throat spray of 15-20 sodim hypochlorite was employed. A remarkable reduction in acute and subacute . streptococcic throat infections was noted. There was practically no difference in tho inoidonee, severity and duration of cannon colds in treated and untreated groups. The favorable results have an obvious industrial significance. 745 Peripheral Vascular Disease In Industry. B.T. Horton. Virginia Med. Monthly, jB, 131-137 (March, 1941). Workers with peripheral vascular disease, especially thrombo-angitis obliterans, must be given work which will not aggravate the disease and lead to serious complications and amputation. Dividing peripheral arterial diseases of the ex tremities into functional and organic groups, Raynaud*s disease and arterio sclerosis obliterans arc the coiztonost. There is also a discussion of mechanical devices used in treatment. _ 03118092 F HWBfi-0007425 0 ,c=0 0 ~r^ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. 746 Spirochetal Jaundioe (Wells* Disease). N. Bloom and H. Walker. Virginia Med. Monthly, 6S, 192-200 (April, 1941). Seven instances of Weils' disease are presented, with autopsy findings in the five fatal casos. The authors beliove there wan an occupational factor in only one case that of a junk dealer who may have come in contact with rats during his work. Interstitial nephritis was the most common and by far the most impor tant pathological change -- the authors consider it the cause of death. Many cases are probably mistaken for catarrhal jaundice. The syndrome of acute fever, with generalized aching end tenderness of the body, and jaundice should suggest V/eils* disease -- the differential diagnosis being aided by the presence of mus cular pains and kidney involvement. 747 Military Explosives. G.D. Rogers. Nat. Safety News, 44, 22-23, 77-80 (July, 1941). A discussion of the methods for controlling accident and health hazards in ex plosives manufacturing and ammunition loading plants. The manufacture nnfi use of Totryl, a booster used to insure high order detonations of bosh and shell fillers, has a real health hazard associated with it. The toxic effects of the vapors from the sulphanators, nitrator, and recryetallizcrs, and the effects of the crystalline totryl itself are all dangerous. Its effects are similar to those of TNT. Till, amatol, ether, benzol, assnonia, carbon tetrachloride and many other toxic substances arc used in tho explosives industry. , i. 748 Reduce Noise in Steel foundry Cleaning Room. A.H. Allen, Foundry 80-61^ 143 (September, 194l). ..... It has been estimated fey tho National Noise Abatement Council that daily losses in industry because of excessive noise amount to approximately #2,000,000. The loss is measured in torus of lessened effective effort by workmen subjected to continuous iGud noise. This article recounts a program to rearrange a foundry end erect an entirely new cleaning room which would take advantage of the latost ideas in the technique of foundry noise absorption. Many noise-producing oper ations wore housod in acoustically treated booths, end the Interior of the building, including walls and roof, was treated oompletely with acoustic mater ial, Expressions have already boon received from the workmen indicating their approval of the noise reduction methods which have been Instituted, Management is convinced that the expenditure will certainly be translated into more effi cient and faster operations in the plant. 749 Dust Control Systaa Design, Installation and Operation from the Conaonaonae Standpoint. F.7. Kravath. Heat. &Vent.. 38 . 28-31 (June. 1941). Points to be gained from Installation of oh effective exhaust system, well de signed and maintained, are emphasized. The advice of an expert or consultant should be attployod wherever possible. There is a discussion of the importance of maintaining standards and of giving physical examinations. 750. .Lighting and Efficiency. E. Kanmerer. 2bl. f. Goworbehyg., 28. 33-40 (1941), (Goman). Increasing the intensity of illumination increases visual acuity, but beyond a certain intensity this is very slight. Intensity must corrospond to the fineness of the work, but tho direction from which the light enters the field of work is also important. Blinding by the light and by the reflections from the work is to be avoided. Mercury and sodiim lights may be of use, since color is some times of importance. Examples arc given of the economy of better illimination. ' ---Remember the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-- 03118093 r HilBB-0007426 Digest of Industrial Itygiene - 15. 751 Industrial Health Defense; How Plant Engineers San Mak* field Qf ~ -/ Industrial Ventilation. W.C.L. Heoeon. Keating, Piping & Air Cond,, 13, E2-28 U941K Apparatus for staking field measurements of airflow in industrial exhaust equip ment -is described. Chemical smoke producers for tracing leaks or direction of air movement arc discussed and illustrated as are the u-tube manometer and the pitot tube for measuring velocities.' Also shown is a carrying case for these instruments. 752 The Prevention and Treatment of Affections Occurring in the Magiesitaa Industry. N. aypher. Practitioner. 146, 92-99 (February. 194171 ' Some of the occupational exposures resulting in the production and processing of magnesium aro discussed. Brief references are made to magnesium dust and pneumoconiosis, bichromate baths used in treating magnesii* castings, sulfur dioxide, magnesium fluoride and exposure to x-rays in inspection of castings. The treatment of ailments resulting from the sevaral exposures is given in detail. 753 Injuries and Damage to the Ear by Explosion and Sound. A. Groifonatain. Munch, med. Wchnechr. T345^i35d" (1940). ( German). e> The subjact of Injuries to the ear by acute end chromic occupational influences is reviewed, War injuries are discussed in detail: damage from firing one shot, by the effect repeated firing in a short time, noise in flying and noise frvt motors and propellors. - $ 4 754 Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases by the General Medical Practitioner, 8. O* Straus. 111. Mod. J.. 79. 247-251 (March. 1941). - . This is the first of a series of articles by the Director of Industrial Helena, Illinois Department of Labor, intended to acquaint the general practitioner with the problem of occupational diaoase3. Specific hazards will be dealt with later. Attention l3 directed to the need for getting a complete occupational history. 755 Industry Must Accept Obligation to Protect Eyesight of Workers. M. Davidson. Concrete (Cement Mill BdT) 49. 184-135 (June, 1941). There are two aspects to the obligation of Industry to safeguard its workers' eyes. One is to make the environment safe for the worker by eliminating hazards causing accidents, and the dusts, fines, intoxications and poor illtartnation, responsible for occupational diseases. Much has boen accomplished In this con nection. The other aspect, that of making the worker safe for himself, his co-worker and industry, has not yet received the recognition it deserves. It Involves proper vocational guidance and advice for tho applicant with irremedi able defective eyesight and for the worker who has acquired It In the ooarse of hi3 employment. A survey of tho incidence of true defective eyesight Mag the industrial population in terms of its most Important element, visual acuity, indicates about 14% to 18%, with most probably less than one half various, defectives. 756 New Theories Concerning the Origin of Myopia. K. Lindner. Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenheil. p. 582 (1939). (Goman). The author presents his concept that myopia may be acquired by working at close range, in opposition to the concept of Steiger, prevailing today, that it is always inherited. Tho occupational implications of this proposition are obvious. ' ---Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Not. 12-13-- 03118094 r H W B ii-flijU A ?/ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 16. 757 Aero-Otitis Media in Compressed Air Workers. Treatment with Helium-Oxygen V', y / Mixtures. W.H. Requarth. J.A.M.A. 116. 17 66-1769' (April 19, 1941). This condition was originally described in aviators hut is found quite often in compressed air workers as well. Obstruction of the Eustachian tube is the pri mary cause and i3 most often due to upper respiratory infections. Pathological ly, there is deformity and hyperemia of the tympanic membrane, and serous or sanguineous exudate in the middle ear. Clinically there i3 tinnitus, earache and impairment of hearing. Perforation of the drum with subsequent suppuration is the most frequent complication, with occasional permanent impairment of hear ing. Pre-employment estimates are useful in eliminating those who are predis posed to upper respiratory infections, in correcting defects tbay may contribute to repeated infections and not allowing an individual to work while suffering from a respiratory infection. Treatment with helim. is outlined, 75S Health Conditions in the Glass Industry. Pluhar. Arbeitsschutz, 11-15 (1941). Several months ago a paper appeared on the health hazards of glass workers. The 0 author, an employe of the insurance association of the glass industry, now pub lishes data from the association's material. He charts curves on tho frequency of lead poisoning, CO poisoning and cataract on the reported and compensated 0 cases. As only 3uch cases arc compensated which cause death or a disability for more than 13 weeks, it is to bo understood that the figures are small, especial ly concerning compensated Pb and CO poisoning cases. from 1926-1939, 406 cases of cataract had been compensated, but the compensation law has been t retroactive for several years. 92$ of these eases arose in hollow ware and bottle manufacture, a fact that is easily understood since it Is also true that cataract is found only in certain districts because of the particular type of operation, so that exposure of the eyes to radiation iB different in different districts. It is unfortunate that the author does sot present figures on sili cosis which is the most important occupational disease; he remarks only that 60$ of the cases developed in making pots and tubs, as a result of inhaling clay dust which contains up to 50$ free silica. There ore other less common diseases upon which the author touches briefly. = 759 Xerosis of the Cornea among Glass Blowers. H.M. Kiparisov. Testnik Oftel., 17. 1-2,100 (1940). (Russian). Tho routine examination of 00 glass workers showed that 14.6ft of them had ocular disturbances. Of those, 1.3$ had cataract, but the relation between their work and the lenticular opacities wore not definite, because these workers were all over 40 years of age. Conjunctival hyperemia, found in 11.6$ of the workers, cleared up 2 or 3 hours after work. One man who worked before an open fire without glasses had blepharospasm. The deleterious effoct of light and heat in this industry is indicated by 6 cases of corneal xerosis. Two cases of optic neuritis could be attributed to the effoct of ultra violet rays. The author urges that workers have their eyes examined before entering the industry, and that the administrative department be charged with the responsibility of providing and enforcing all prophylactic ncasures. Papers ca Industrial Poisons, Cancor. Dermatitis, etc. 760 Focal Infection and Occupational Eczema. F. Koch. Arch.f.Deimat. u. Syph., 180, 47-50 (1940). (German). Focal infection is frequent both in parsons with occupational eczema and in healthy persons -- no etiological relationship could be established. The success of the therapy was the same in eczematous patients with and without focal infec tions; the removal of the foci was without effect on the eczema, $3118095 f ST ~/ S' e Y*0 V Digest of Industrial ifygiene - 17. 761 Clinical Aspects and Treatment of Occupational Diseases of the Skin. G. Hopf, ZeltBchr. t. artz. Tortblld,. 58. 33-38 (1941). [German). The importance of the occupational factor may be doubted and individual aspects considered if a shin disease continues mere than six months after ceasing work. Negative skin tests are not always proof that there is no causal relationship between the disease and the occupation. Positive tests are important but not necessarily a proof. In diagnosis and prevention, inspection of work, workroom and worker are important. 762 Pathogenesis of Hypersensitivity to Flour and Persulfate in flour Workers. H.A.E. van Distoeck and D.J. Roux. Arch f. Dermatol, u, Syph., 181. 54-40 {1940). (Goman). A discussion of the significance of flour and persulfate allergy and their im portance in the origin of bakers' and millers' diseases. Nearly every baker and miller with rhinitis vasomotoria, astima and eczema show a positive reaction to flour. Epitholial persulfate allergy is positive only In bakers suffering with florid eczeme in a portion of the cases. But German authors found positive per sulfate reactions in 75-80# of the eczematous bakers. Tho authors stress the point that flour allergy is acquired by inhalation; tho skin irritation from wet flour, water, etc. promotes tho development of persulfate allergy. 763 Value of Skin Tests in Recognizing and Preventing Occupational Dermatosis. F. Koch. Wien, med. Wchnschr. 9lT 6-9 (1941). (Gorman). Skin diseases which are apparently occupational in etiology may be shown to caused by substances not used in the patient's work, Early recognition of. . cause is also useful in preventing a sensitivity from becoming polyvalask. It is imperative to make the skin test with the actual substance used is the plant, not with a substance of the same name. Variability in the reaults of taats and the dermatosos caused by friction (eczema of masons) nust be kept In Kind. 764 A New Industrial Skin Cleanser. L. Schwartz. Pub. Health Septs., 56, 1W6-1790 (Septembers, 1941). " Harsh skin cleansers have frequently beon found to be the cause of dermatitis rather than the materials being handled or manufactured. This ia especially true of materials hard to remove from the skin. A milder and yet effective akin cleanser is composed of a sulfonated oil (cither animal or vegetable), a wetting agent and optionally a small amount of trisodim phosphate or sodiue hexsmeta phosphate. This cleanser has been very useful in cases of eczaa end defatted skins in which olive oil was previously used as a cleanser. It has also been used in cases of atopic eczema in children. 765 Sudden Appearance of an Occupational Eczema Among Moat of the Workers in a New Division of a Chemical Plant. J. Rochstcad. Hordlsk, Nod., 9, 962-986 (1941). (Scandinavian). " Eczema appeared among the workers in an experimental laboratory after using hcer^nltrodiphenylamine. The affected men gave positive results with epieutaneoua tests. During illness sensitivity improved and normal persons were easily sen sitized. Urethan ointment decreased the effect of tho chemical. 766 Mule-Sninnar13 Cancer. E.M. Brockbank. 3rit. Med. J., pp. 622-625 (April 26, 1941). Experience in this subject was gained by the author from seeing 150 sule-spimors with epithelioma of tho scrotum. Over 80# were on the left side. The spindles throw oil onto the men* 3 clothing and being of a mineral carcinogenic type, readily produces skin cancers. Periodic examinations are of the utmost importance. Substitution of harmless oils is suggested. 03118036 p Hl/BB-000?429 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 18. 767 Toxic Effects of Iroko. JJt. Davidson. Lancet, 1^ 36-39 (1941), (Great Britain) Description of severe dermatitis in most of the 50 sen who handled iroko logs or freshly sawed planks. Nine men had. severe symptoms, sobs appearing within 1-2 hours. Including itching of exposed parts as well as of tho genitals, axilla, hack of knee, etc. In scale men edema of the face, ocular irritation and blepharo apasm developed. Chest constriction, cough and other respiratory manifestations were other symptoms. Four to 5 weeks were required to clear up the trouble. Only two of tba sen had developed sensitivity te other wood, Iroko is the canwtn and trade nane for Chlorophoro excelsa, also known technically as mvule, odin and kambela; it comes from East and Nest Africa. 76B Relationship Between Skin Cancer and Occupation In Texas: Review of 1569 Veri fied Lesions Occurring in 1190 Persons. C. Phillips. Texas State J. Hod., 36. 613-616 (1941). This is an analysis of a study by the U.S. Public Health Service as to the inci dence of occupational cutaneous cancer in Texas over a 20 year period. In the order of frequency, the lesions were basal cell epithelioma, squamous call epithallona, transitional cell epithelioma, adenocarcinoma of the sweat or sebaceous glands, fibroxanthosarcoma and epithelioma in sebaceous cysts. Tbs occupations In the order of size are outdoor work (farming and ranching), houaewivos, various business activities requiring moderate outdoor life, profesa^ms, laborers and carpenters, railroad and petroleum workers. All but IC.SJf of 1H lesions were traced to occupation. A study of 123 melanomas showed no ralaSMI to occupation. 769 Asphalt as an Antigen. R. Haache-Klunder. Dtsch. mad. Vchnechr. jj, iMlBfMA (1940). (German). *r" ' Report of a case of bronchial asthma in a Danish street worker while using asphalt oil. This substance is a product of creosote derived from ooal distill ation, and has nothing to do with asphalt. Another case la mentioned showing susceptibility to bitimen. 770 Arsenic and Goitre, G.R. Sharpleos and M. Metzger. J Attrition* } 342*946 (April 10, 1941). Arsenic con act as a positive goiterogenic substance In rats. Iodine oaa rwdnoe this goitorogcnic action as well as the toxicity of iffMl Mounts of anemia* Ingostion of arsenic may double the iodine requirement* Arsenic nay exert its goltorogenic effect indirectly by interfering with soma of the normal oxidation reduction systMS, perhaps by combining with sulphydryl groups or net other way* Cell oxidation is hindered in this way and tho thyroid is stimulated in am attempt to compensate for lost oxidative capacity. 771 Symptoms of Acute Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning with Special Reference to Maoroloaic Disturbances. M. Werner, tftach. Zeitachr. f. Nervenbollk. }31. 1S13? (1941). (German). Exposure to hydrocyanic acid gas produced unconsciousness with dyspnea, Tfcr worker recovered after a day in tbs hospital, but two days latar be relapeed, with hypotonia, ataxia, adiadochocinesi* (symptoms of cerebellar affection), more on the left than on the right side. He had headache and dirturbane* of the circulation in hands and foot; inner ear deafneas developed four days later. After about 14 weeks, these symptoms disappeared. Thor* is a discussion of these symptoms and tho literature on the subject. --Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and 13-- HWHfJ-00(JM30 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 19. 772 The Effect of Sodija Thiosulfate on Excretion of Arsenic. E.T. Cedar, L. Zon and K.I, Klinger. 7aner. Pis. Infom., 22. 123-129 (April, 1941), The pharmacologic action of sodiun thiosulfate in the treatment of arsenic poi soning is still a controversial issue, A disparity exists in the results of pre vious studies in this problem, which might be explained on technical difficulties of arsenic analysis and the selection of subjects. Ten syphilitic patients, each of whom had completed an orthodox course of neoarsphenamlne therapy, were selected for this study. Six of them received sodium thiosulfate, while the re maining four were used as controls. The arsenic content of urine and feces was /C*\ <w i analyzed in the30 subjects over a period ranging from the 1st to the 23rd day following the completion of tho course of neoarsphonamin therapy. The urinary, focal or total arsenic excretion was not significantly affected by ad ministration of sodiia thiosulfate in popularly used therapeutic dosage. The question as to clinical efficacy of this compound in tho treatment of arsenic poisoning might be raised, as the strongest case for its clinical use has been based on the supposition that it mobilized the excessive arsenic stored in the body dopots. a 773 Experimental Studies on Aniline Bladdor Tumors. S, Morigami and I* Nisimura. Gann, 34, 146-147 (1940). In view of the occurrence of bladder cancer among aniline workers, the author* attempted to produce the disease experimentally by o-toluidin end ben2idine4 Rabbits, guinea-pigs, and rats wore used. A 1^ solution of o-toluidis in oiv* oil was injected subcutaneously 6 times a week in 0.1 cc doses. In other perinents o-toluidin and benzidine were dissolved In chlorofoifc, la the Mtjfc of 5%, and the solutions wore applied to the 3kin of the back every other d*#l Bladdor papilloma was produced in animals receiving Injection* of o-toluidin that survived over 100 days. Rabbits were especially resistant to the toxie action of the chemical and showed a high incidence of papilloma. Benzidine proved more toxic, but when animals withstood the treatment long enough thl* sub stance also produced atypical proliferation of bladder opltheliuu Unfortunate ly, for the proper evaluation of the experimental results nvmbers of animals used and cf those developing papilloma ore not given. Suoper produced neoplastic lesions of the bladder in 9 of 16 dogs treated with bota-naphthylamine. Tho Effect of Caiciw and Phosphorus on the Metaboliaa of Lead. J.B. Shields and H.H. Mitchell. J. Nutrition. 21, 541-552 (June 10, 1941?"." . 1. A low content of calciiai or of phosphorus or of both In tho diet induced a high retention of lead in comparison with diets containing higher mineral levels. In fact, the only method of securing lead storage in adult rate on the moderate concentration of dietary lead used (32 p.p.m.) Is to lower the calolm content of tho diet to inadequate or borderline lovels. 2. Excossivo dietary levels of calciua and phosphorus are not appreciably more protective against the assimilation of lead by tho body than are levels approxi mating tho requirementa. This statement applies only to the moderate levels of dietary lead employed. 3. Under the imposed conditions of variablo dietary concentrations of calcitst and phosphorus, the retention of calci* runs in a diametrically opposite direc tion to the retention of lead. 4. Under conditions of practical nutrition, an adequate intake of calciw and of phosptorus presumably protects the body against appreciabl* assimilation of the low levels of diotary lead involved in the usual lead hazard of modem life. This protection is more effective in the adult than in the adolescent for any given concentration of calci and phosphorus, possibly because the mineral note- holla of the bone trabeculae is considerably less Intense in the adult than in tho growing organisms. V HU8B-H0B7431 Digest of Industrial Eyt-,lene - 20. 775 Lead Encephalopathy in Children and Adults: Cllnicopatholcglc Study. A.J. Akelaitis. J. Nerv. and Ment. Die.. 93. 313-352 {March. 1941)i The post-mortem study- suggests that the structural changes in children and adults are a result of edema with exudation and hyperplastic changes In the leptomeninges and endothelial colls of the blood vessels. The symptoms In adult3 ore similar to those of any brain inflmnnatioa, and diagnosis rests on the presence of a lead line, . 776 Behavior of the Alkali Reserve and the of the Urine Before and After Injec tions of Calcium and Mogqesiau R. Massionc and B. Bareggi. Had. del Lavoro 32, 63-70 (1941)7 (Italian). Thirteen cases of lead poisoning were treated by injection of colciim chloride and magnesium sulfate. The authors conclude that some degree of acidosis is pre sent in all cases of load colie. The alkaline reserve increases after the in jection of calciian and decreases after injection of aagnesi* sulfate. No change is shown by the urine pH. 0 777 Lead Storage Battery Manufacture in the State of Illinois. G.W. Daubonspeck and C.H. McCluro. Div, Fact. Inspect. Illinois Dept, of Labor. Chicago, Tech. Paper No. 1, (March, 1941). A report of conditions found in industry and recommendations of needed changes in equipment and in processes. Importance of air cleanlinese is stressed and data from sampling with the impinger in various operations is given* * 778 Nicotine and Internal Socrotion. II. Dangers to Women Working in Tobacco Faofcr- los7 P, Gumbrecht and A. Looser. Arch.'f. am. Path, u. Pherm.. laj). 14&.I5I (1940). (German). - L' > The authors showed in a previous publication lsame issue, pp. 121-142), that the reproduction organs and the thyroid arc the most sensitive of the endocrine glands to nicotine. Two hundred eighty tobacco workers and 471 textile workers were investigated; no difference was found, although the tobacco workers ocm- plained more frequently of dysmenorrhea. Overstraining (combined work In fac tory and home, a long walk to work, etc.) probably cause symptoms referable to the thyroid which wore frequently encountered. 779 Experimental Poisoning by Selonlaa with Special Regard to its Efforts on the Bone3. F.K. Bauer. Arch.f.Gororbepath.. 10, 117-138 (1940). (OegHmS* Chronic poisoning of animals with solenlist is reportod. Bone changes ere des cribed and illustrated with microscopic sections. Metabolic changes are show* The amounts of selenitm found in tho organs was very tiny* 780 Phosphine Poisoning (a***i gypowimawta), I, Acute and Subacute Poisoning. v;. Muller. Arch, f. oxd* PathT u. Pham*. 195. 184-193 (1940)* (German). The widespread use of insecticides which give rise to phosphine suggested these experiments. It was shown that in concentrations of 1:40,000 doath occurred after 4 hours; with 1:50,000, after two exposures of four hours each; with 1:100,000, after seven exposures of 4 hours each. Concentrations of 1:200,000 could be ondured for two months for four hour3 dally. Omanimal which had been exposed to such a concentration for five days died when the concentration was increased to 1:70,000 at the and of the first four hours. Previous exposure had diuinishod the resistance. 781 T.N.T.__(_T__ri_n_i_tr_o_t_o_l_u_e__n_e_)_ Ind. Data Sheet No. D-Chem. 38. National Safety Council. Nat. Safety News. 44. 38, 40 (September, 1941}* Poisoning from TNT may taka place in three ways: through respiration, by inges tion, cr by absorption through the skin. In. addition to the systemic effects, dermatitis, through contact with the skin, can also occur. Precj^i^qp^forjgre- vention are outlined. w J w x ia l! ))5> :iLgD^o HWB8-0O07432 ' z.A Digest of Industrial Ifygiene - 21. 782 Effects of Yellow Phosphorus and Arsenic Triozlde on Crowing Bones and Growing Teeth. C.Q. Adana and B.O. Sarnat7 Arch. Path., 30. 1192-1208 (1940). A generalized toxic effect of both substances was observed as manifested by a reduction in the rate of weight gained and bone growth. Yellow phosphorus pro duced a band of increased density, the formation of which was attributed to a diminished re&zgtion of cartilage matrix and bone. A disturbed calcification of the dentin occurred in animals receiving the yellow phosphorus and arsenic tri oxide. These studios are of theorotical interest in revealing the effects of yellow phosphorus and arsenic trioxidc on two types of calcified matrix, 7B3 Value of Vitamin C for Benzene Workers. 0. Libowitsky and H. Seyfried. V.'lon. klin. Wchnschr., 53, 543-547 (l94C). (Gorman). The authors claim that, in werkers exposed to benzene and its homologues, they often find symptoms typical of avitaminosis C. This is particularly true in the months in which there is a vitamin C deficiency in the food and by higher concentrations of vapors due to closed windows (November to April) Ri*pel-Lede congestion experiments showed 5.3# positive with the highest percentages in the winter months. Among the 59 cases with positive Rumpel-Lcde tests were five oa3os with "clear bonzene damage;" in four cases the blood showed "exceptional ly low leucocyte counts"; in the fifth case there was a "moderate leucopenia and anemia of high degree." The eases were treated with cewitsmic acid and 19 be came negative to the Rmpel-Lode teat. Vitamin C may be used as a prophylactic in exposures to benzene. f ?B4 Masks for Protection Against Formaldehyde. Queries and Minor Mote*. J U6, 2539 (June 7. 1941), - The activated charcoal used in many mask canisters will absorb formaldahyde "to a large degree." Although heavy concentrations of formaldehyde ere rare, it might be bettor to have workers wear supplied-air or oxygen masks. Tha toxic limits for formaldehyde have not been fixed although 20 p.p.a. has been suggested. Vibat is the role of employee health in industrial relations? Are any new health hazards arising in this period of emergency production? What's now in-the study of alminum powder? What are the latest legal trends? What in. the audit of sick absenteeism showing? For the answer to those and scores of other pertinent questions in the field of omployeo health, plan to attend the Foundation's annual meeting Nov. 12-13. 03118100 k.~ u 2 ) W c jjjiiijl'l! i) ( ij ;iip 'jl,J HWBB-0007<i33 INDEX (September, 1941) f ' / Air sampling 734 Fluorine determination 733 Respirators approved 726 Arsenic , Gases, explosion for formaldehyde 784 and goitre 770 therapy 772 trioxlde 782 731 Heat, excessive Rubber industry 735 Asbestosls lung cencer 711 737-739 Hydrocyanic acid Selenium 779 with tuberculosis 712 771 Silicosis Benzene and vitamin C 783 Hydrogen phosphide 728 mineralogy 707-708-710 prevention 706 report 714-719 Cancer, skin 768 Hydrogen sulfide 729 x-rays 720 Spray-painting Carbon monoride 732 Illumination 750 protection 730 Statistics, morbidity and Coal miners lungs 713 Industrial disease legal aspects 725 mortality glass workers feefee Constitution 742 Creosote 769 Dermatitis flour 762 hexe-nitrediphenyi- emine 765 Iroko 767 role of infection 760 skin cleanser 764 skin tests 763 treatment 761 Dust control cement general hammer sill 7564 749 723 Electric angina pectoris 743 Explosives, military poisoning 747 Eyesight glass blowers 759 myopia 756 protection 755 Industrial medicine general 741-754 Load battery industry 777 encephalopathy 775 treatment 774-776 Magnesian health hazards 752 Mining 736 Molse. excessive ear effects . 753 prevention 748 Phosphine 780 Phosphorus 782 Pressure, excessive 736-757 Reports duet survey 715-718 Therapy oxygen iajoetlon 721 threat infection 744 T.K.T. 781 Tobacco workers 778 Tuberculosis control 716-717 Tunor*. bladder 773 Vascular disease 745 Ventilation Instruments 751 Weils' disease 740-746 X-Ray miniature 709 mycosis fungoides 727 03118101 f HU6B-0007409 o_. .<rf\ a 3S. o\ 4 fc r