Document aB8nyMxerrRp0Mzmvoe44VjmY

,,, . : LIA15 58 3 3-29-62 "MAIKTEKANCB-FRB LKAD STORAOB BATTERIBS" i Recently, Bxlde Industrial Division of Tbs Bleetrie Storage Bsttsry Company announced tbs development of completely maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, s revolutionary oonospt in paoksged-pewer technology. Tbs now batteries combine the advantages of power end reobargablllty^ obaraotorlatle of wet call better lea, with tbs handling ease of dry oell batteries* ' Ve expect tbe maintenance-free batteries will have many advantages for each diverse uses as in cordless tools, appliances and lights; portable television sets; thermoelectric heating and cooling devices; stationary Industrial applications; and a multitude of consumer products. As you undoubtedly know, the lead-acid battery since it was devised by Plante' in i860, has found a multitude of uses. It cranks our auto mobiles and serves as a current reserve and regulator for accessory systems. It supplies power for industrial material handling trunks, for submarines, for control functions in electric power generation and distribution, for emergency lighting, for telephone offices, for starting marine and railway Diesel engines, for railway car lighting and air conditioning, for railway signaling, for fire alarm systems and for literally hundreds of other uses. Tbe list gets longer all the time. It shows how dependent most of us are on this chemloal means of storing eleotrlcity. Klckel-oadnltas, silver-sino and other reohargeable systems, far from Q1 supplanting the lead-acid system, actually have helped to open new - See Page 2 -at " , -r'c-sr B is is n ine i iiwemmimswwpmmwwmawwwesswwspwmeirwawT i MRSPR f nranrifti# LI A 15 5 84 and sometimes exotlo - fields for various electroobemloal energy systems. Including the lead-sold system. Tba lead-acid system remain* the battery of widest application. Until now, Its extension Into many more fields, particularly in consumer produots, has been United by the nalntenanoe It has required - such as obeoklng of eleotrolyte levels, additions of water, voltage or specIflo gravity checking, end oleanlng of corrosion from tha terminals. It also baa been limited because It has evolved gases and because it i usually has not been designed to be spill-proof. i These limitations have not handicapped the lead-acid system in many i industrial, automotive and military applications where the system Is strongly entrenched because of Its economy, long life and ever-increasing electrical capacity. But, these limitations have caused Innovators to experiment with recharge able nickel-cadmium, sllver-tlne and other sealable cells ea well aa with dry calls. What has been needed are economical, hlgh-current-denalty, maintenancefree systems - and now we have then in the lead-mold rechargeable couple. These are the results of major efforts and technological break-throughs by fields'a engineers. Tha resulting new produets are for us# both In portable power systems that require deep discharges and recharge* snd In heavier stationary and 9 standby systems where the battery charge Is maintained constantly to See Page 3 PiliPPIPWPPW ,^^ LIA15585 ___________ ,,_____.-3--------------handle peak loada and emergency outagea. The new malntenanoa-free batterlea -- In both the portable and the stationary types -- require no additions of water throughout their sarvloa life. Unlike conventional lead-acid batteries, the electrolyte can't spill out, and no fumes are emitted. Vcw entering production, the flrat of the new battary types Is expected to be on the market this year. Designed to be used os complete power-package systems, both lines of the new batteries are coupled with automatic charging devices, believed to be unique, that enable maintenance-free batteries to achieve their high performance potential. The new maintenance-free Exlde lead-c-id batteries for standby service are tightly sealed. They are Intended for operation In the usual upright posltirn, but they are spill-proof If upset accidentally. Base'' on engineering work accomplished during the past year, it la pre dicted that the new stationary types of lead-acid batteries will give maintenance-free service for at least seven years. There are many areas where reduction of maintenance can count heavily In term: of costs and reliable performance. Reliable, eeonomloal, malntenanoe-free battery power has not baen available before. Vow, I have soma alldes to show you how the batteries look and parform. 9 SLID! 1 Sea Paga 4 9Tm P* hi m w i y iw i .'i i ' w Ti ain'inii' wtiTiiniiiO 4-- This eteticnary type of wulntennnco-free battery for standby power aervioa la completely anclosad In a clean, smooth, high-lmpaot container. It baa no exposed parts other than the terminals. Prototypes of this battery have been on test more than a year. Share has been no measurable loss of water and no gas evolved. There baa been no evidence of any deterioration. SLIDE i This chart chews the characteristics of the battery on discharge, at discharge times ranging from eight hours to 15 minutes. This battery la capable of relatively high rate discharges, matching the performance per pound or per cube of conventional stationary batteries. However, we don't yet know whether this specific battery design will be adaptable to all present day atatlonary applications, because our develop mental work has been limited to a 30 ampere hour, 6 volt prototype. This will be determined in studies of higher voltage and higher eepaelty models. SLIDE OPT How, let's turn to Exlde'a new cycle type of maintenance-free portable batteries. They give promise of being extremely economical substitutes for battery power units now being used experimentally In tools and appliances with moderate power requirements. The electrolyte of cycle batteries is wholly eontalned within the unit. The batteries een be discharged Inverted or In any other poaltlon without risk of electrolyte lose or loas of efficiency. They never require the addition of water. See Page $ nu"j m ifiypjuiiijiit -P' mp .... . j**#*i^> LIA15587 # * Completely enclosed in nett, rugged caetal containers, the batteries are caoable of withstanding severe shock and vibration. Their charge retention Is high when standing Idle. The only maintenance ever required on this battery is recharging. It Is designed to be used with charging equipment that la compatible with the speolflo use of the battery. SLIP! 3 This slide shows two batteries that have been built for small power applications. Both have electrical cr>naclty of 5 ampere hours. The one on the left la a 12 volt battery, and on the right la a 6 volt battery. Bote the outlet plugs that are designed for a specific appli cation. Also, note the polarized charging plugs for automatic recharging. These maintenance-free portable batteries can be built to meet varying weight specifications end can be produced in a variety of sites. Generally, our development work has been confined to portable batteries having capacities of 5 to 20 empere hours at 6 to 2l( volts. But, some larger batteries rated up to 100 ampere hours are oo teat. SLIPS It Here is a performance curve for a typical 10 ampere hc-ur cycle battery. Rates up to h$ amperes are shown - a 6 minute discharge* Bow, let's look at the efficiency of this battery compared to convent ional lead-acid batteries thet require maintenance. SLIPS $ See Page 6 mm b p ." ^ B.aaar. mSBA S, ....... - J - . - -------- -- ^ -- ....... * - ' *- - The ampere hour per pound efflcleney of the sealed battery for eyole service ia below that of tha highest quality aircraft or metlva power battarlaa. But, tba output par pound approximates tbat of good motive power battarlaa and high quality truck and bua battarlaa. Tba output afflolanolaa vary frou 8 to 10 watt boura par pound at 6 to 20 hour discharge rates, down to $ watt hours par pound at the i hour rate. Storage battarlaa are tailored to tba application. Tba present motive power design has a top efficiency for tba dollar InTeatad. Likewise, high performance aircraft batteries cannot, with present technology, be watched by tba maintenance-free product. As batteries today are tailored to tha application, the sealed mainten ance-free battery expands the usage of batteries Into new products and apollcatlona of existing products. SLIDE 6 On a volume baala, you can see that efficiencies compare sore favorably to good active power and aircraft batteries. SLIDE 7 This slide shows the effect of Intermittent discharging on this type of battery. The 5 ampere hour, 12 volt battery, that was shown oo Slide 3, when discharged at 5 amperes continuous drain, shows a total running tine of 1*7 minutes. When the discharge schedule Is modified ao tbat the battery Is drained one minute out of every 1* elapsed minutes, tba total time that the battery la on discharge at 5 amperes la 58 minutes. Of ecurae, tbeaa ourvea represent the efficiencies of the maintenance- See Page 7 j wwtjia' --wpia Hjf,tMm.wwpapwww i,u aruii jss ja ' immii.ii.wmi iw i. "t ***-***+,.i r it iriami'fti *T' !---^aaa^j|^^|itfifgiiniM^tn^'i - -rjkrirTini-1- --1 free battery at a comparatively early atage of Ita development, The really aignlfioant achievement ao far, w# believe, la that the feaaibillty of oloaed ayatema haa been demonatrated. Our engineering aotlvity now la devoted to atmdlea of watt hour performance that will lead to aignlfioant improvement# in the future. SLIPS 6 Vhat about the oyele life of thla battery? It la dlffloult to make an aocurate prediction at thla time. But, this elide does ahow result# that we have Obtained to date. Sealed cell# that are oycllng to a depth of 6o discharge at a frequency of once per day already have exceeded 300 cycle*. Ko failure* have occurred, but there haa not been enough time to complete the many teats that are under way. Frankly, we don't anticipate cycle life of these cells to be aa long as motive power batteries. But, already, we know that they will exceed the cycle life of aircraft batteries. SLIPS CTTT That 1# the lest of the slides, but there l something else you might like to see. Ve have models of two of the oyele maintenance-free batteries in your exhibit here at the hotel. The 6 volt battery is mounted on e lantern. It will light the .5 ampere bulb for approximately 15 hours. Then, the battery ean be reoherged in 16 hours with the smell charger, also shown in the exhibit. The 1? volt battery in the exhibit is cne that is adaptable to certain See Page 8 LIA1559C 1 iaiiaiiaifti mm power applications. The charger with It la spsolfioslly designed for aerrloe Where oharglng should be terminated automatically when the battery is fully oharged. As the battery bee virtually no stand loss. It le net necessary to reeharge It frequently as Is customary with conventional lead-acid batteries. The automatic oharglng device keeps the battery la a fully charged condition. Ve have other types of oharglng devices tailored for other applications. As a matter of fact, we will design the whole power system -- that la, the battery-charger eoefcinatlen -- to meet the speclfle needs of each application. Row, let me summarise the characteristics of the maintenance-free batteries: First, the stationary battery .... .... It la sealed and spill-proof, but it la designed to operate In an upright position .... It has no exterior "live* parts ether than the terminal leada .... It requires no watering or other maintenance during a predicted service life of 7 years .... It evolves no fumes on charge or discharge when operating in the SSB system Seoond, the battery for cycle applications .... .... It is sealed and completely enclosed In a permanent metal container with polarised outlets, thus assuring proper oharglng and discharging .... It requires no addition of water or maintenance during Its servloe Ufa See Page 9 m mm ni>rit.>>tiMwnxaw UttoSsmirfia ..... miiami .... Vo fuwei or corroalva spray are emitted on charge or dlsohargs .... It operataa In any poaltlon .... It la of extremely rugged construction, capable of withstanding a great amount of ahock .... It baa no measurable atand loaa, tbua eliminating any need for apeelal servicing precautions .... It oan be left In a partially charged oondltlon without danger of reduced service life. Ita service life, which can be aa wuob me aeveral years, will depend upon the application .... Charging of the battery la ao staple that this brief Instruction on the charger is adequate -- quotes "Plug line cord Into 110 V. AC cutlet. Insert polarised plug Into battery receptaole. recharge overnight when battery la nearly discharged, aa Indicated by the appliance. If not In use for one year, charge for two to four hours. Do not charge otherwise." .... It la operated as part of the complete ES3 power aysteas. These are the chief characteristics of the two basic new bettery aystens. The Electric Storage Battery Company has patents on phases of sealed batteries and a patent application on tbe procedures used In the building of these batteries. You might ask If It la our Intention to make and sell these batteries for uae In automobiles and In the bulk of Industrial applications. This might become practical In the future. But, for now, we plan to market the new batteries In Industries where they oan help out maintenance costa and lnorease reliability of operations. Sea Pag# 10 W.j .iiiiiji.a. 1'" 7.U!' ,, UlilirilBmiil Irfifirirniii "'rfh ... :: -*-- LlM-55 92 --^aaaaisfe^-^- * V alio arpaot to aarkat th* saw battarlaa for powar darloaa that taara bad only Halted uaafulnaaa or new darloaa that baraa't arts baan daralcpad aa yat, principally beoauee thara vara no malntananoafraa load battarlaa arallable, ftma, we antlolpata that tbla naw oonoapt In battary teohnolegy will balp apava a groat aany netful naw produota of banaflt both to laduatry and tna oonawar* t r Speech by John H. Swytb Assistant Director cf Engineering Exlde Industrial 7.1r 1:Ion Tht Electric Storage Eattory Coapany Philadelphia 2C, Penn^ylranla For Dellrary at Annual Meeting of the Lead Industries Association at boon, Wednesday, April 11, 1962, at Chase Park Fiaxa Hotel, St. Louis, \ X * r?> lyx.pan faiir- ii - .. 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