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iHM National Safety News Published by the Ppational Safety Council THE AULD GUARD For SHAPERS AND UNIVERSAL . WOOD WORKING MACHINES 'PILE Auld Guard is primarily a hold-down * device to prevent the dangerous kick back which is the cause of the majority of injuries on shapers and Universal wood working ma chines. In addition to the hold-down features, the spring tension block and hoop shown in the illustration encircle the shaper head and offer a considerable degree of protection. When used on a Universal machine, the hoop is re moved. The guard is built to stand rough usage and is easily adjustable in all directions. The Auld Guard has been thoroughly tested in service for the past two years in one of the largest industrial organizations in the United States. It was invented by William Auld, a practical shaper hand, and may be used on 90% of the operations on which a shaper is used. TO SERVE YOU BETTER U FFECTIYE February 1,5, 1930, the Chicago office of this com*-J pany was moved to the Mather Tower 75 EAST WACKER DRIVE This move will more than double both our office and stock room facilities. We will he pleased to have you call at any time. Standard Safety Equipment Co. 75 East Wacker Drive, Chicago 1060 Broad St., Newark, N. J. March, 1^30 1 The NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS >* published monthly hv the National Safety Council, -0 North VVacker Drive, Chicago, III. Yearly subscription Price, $4,01), Volume XXI, Number L Entered a* second class matter June 1, ist/I, ,*t die p^stoffice at Chicago, liiunder the Act of March J, 1879, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS SAFETY VISUALIZED IS SAFETY SOLD A simple, interesting method is the best means of conveying safety to your employees. Let them see how their work may be done more safely . . . more efficiently. Perhaps your safety campaign is not as effective as you think it should be. Your safety director may report: "The men don't seem to grasp the idea. They can't visualize it. That's where the weakness lies in most endeavors tion. lack of visualiza- Pictures have been found to be one of the outstanding factors in safety education. Large plants have made the S.V.E. still film projector, or stereopticon, a part of their safety program. They find it effective. A library of 1500 film subjects, part of the National Safety Council's service to its members, may be obtained for use with the S.V.E. film stereopticon. Send the coupon for detailt of our service. f7SOCIETY FORW VISUAL EDUCATIONS MANUFACTURERS, PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF VISUAL AIDS 3X7 South La Salle St., Dept. F. Chicago, 11L SOCIETY FOR VISUAL EDUCATION, INC. Dept. F. m 3. LaSeile SL, Ckfc*o. I'm interested in knowing whether your S. V. E. Stereopticon and Film Service can really help me m my saicty work. Send all details. Address ................................................ ......-...................... .............. ........ Company ... ..................... -..........................................-............... .......................... ...... ............. ., When uriting advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1930 Don't Expect "Safety Education" to Do the Whole Job! PULMOSAN CANISTER TYPE RESPIRATOR One of the many types of safety devices carried by the PULMdsAS Corporation, Ask us for details on this, or any of the following articles: DovT depend entirely upon warnings. Depend upon safeguards. Men forget warnings, but safeguards never forget. The only "fool-proof" safety policy is one that recognizes and adopts safety equipment as the surest antidote for accident prevention. Respirators (All Types) Safety (joggles (All Types) Sand Blast Helmets Non-Stnirking Tools Fire Extinguishers Asbestos Outfits Safety Ladders Etc., Etc., Etc. PULMOSAN engineers have studied and specialized in industrial safety for nearly a score of years. This broad experience is at your disposal, without cost or obligation. Write us your safety problems. We shall feel privileged to advise you. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. "If It's for SAFETY, We Have It" Industrial Bldg., Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Michigan Distributor The Boyer-Campbell Co. Detroit \fail the coupon for Illustrated Liter ature and Prices on Anything Re quired for Safety. i i i PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CORP., , j ^ Industrial Bid;., Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. V. 00 J Send us lull information on the following safety equipment: *0000 -- ............... ................... ............. -.. , 000 Name ......... . ....... -...... . -............... ........ .... .... ........... * Address .................... . ............. ....... * 000s uniting tuhrrtisers, please mention RATIONAL SAFRTV NEll'S i NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS QheqQ WITH GREAT We Make These Two Number One -- Concerning Safety Clothing N order to complete its line of personal I protection, Bullard-Davis sought out the best manufacturer of Safety Clothing. The course of this investigation seemed to point to one company as leader in its under standing and solution of the problem of such protection. Bullard-Davis has entered into a contract with The Safety Clothing Company of Cleve land, Ohio, to act as distributors of their asbestos, chrome leather, and fireproof duck safety clothing. Catalog covering this Safety Clothing will be sent on receipt of your name on coupon below. MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY! l!IJllliiUllllUlTlllillillil]IIUIIllill!il{|||lli!!!llllill!iiltlUm[l!lli!llilUIUUiU!l!l!!lill!ll!iltllillt!llllll!(llllltililUliillllltllllIIIltilillllll)S SS K w* S3 | BULLARD-DAVIS. Inc. I | 67 Wall St., NewYorkCity 1 we | Please send Catalog describing | S Personal Protection Equipment. 1 II sa 1 NAME..........................................................................................1 Im Ias I COMPANY ...................................... it 3 | S sa | ADDRESS ............ ...... ........................ ............ .............. ms-3 | SiummmmimnimiimsummmiminmmmmnHmmmimiimmiumnumimmuimmmiimmmimiusiuuimmmiimnmS List of Safety Clothing YY APRONS COATS GLOVES HATS HOODS HELMETS MITTENS SPATS BLANKETS FINGER COTS ASBESTOS SUITS HAND PADS JUMPER SUITS LEGGINGS PANTS SLEEVES When writing advertisers, please iiicnium NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1930 5 PLEASURE Announcements/ Number Two -- Concerning Safety Shoes... N similar manner we searched (or the type I of shoes that can be trusted under danger ous conditions of labor, to protect the feet from the hazards of falling objects. It is our opinion that the J. E. Dayton Com pany ofWilliamsport, Pennsylvania, offer the same high ideals of protective shoe manu facture which fits in with the policy of the Bullard-Davis Company. Beginning March 1, 1930, Bullard-Davis, Incorporated, becomes exclusive distributors for all Safety Shoes manufactured by the J. E. Dayton Company. Catalog covering these Safety Shoes will be sent on receipt of coupon on opposite page. st. ax Bullard-Davis INCORPORATED 67 Wall St., New York, N.Y. ATLANTA BOSTON BRANCH OFFICES BUFFALO CHICAGO HOUSTON s ~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmmiiiii!iiiiiiimi!iiiiiiin When writing advertisers, Mease mention ,YAT10.V.1L SAFETY XEIVS National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers Carman T. Fish, Editor G, M. Bruws. Associate Editor Stanley H. Kershaw, Poster Editor C. H. Miller, Advertising Manager Volume XXI " March, 1930 Xumber 3 In This Issue Why Do -Men Get Hurt?--Gordon U'ilson.................... ................................ 10 Reducing Xoise and Vibration in Buildings--F. R, Watson..................... . 11 The Four Essentials of Fire Protection--George P. Hodges......................... II State Safety Requirements in industry---Safe Practices Pamphlet Xo, !H ... 19 Wider Duties for the City Fireman--/). /. Houston................ ....................... "tt Stop Accidents or Close the Shop--Alfred B. Linncy...................................... External Conditions Cause Most Falls--H, U'eavcr Moxecry.......................... 24 Safety First or Safety Always ?--T, B. Farrinaton.......................................... 3d Engineering Must Precede Traffic Regulation--C. V, Cottrell...................... 38 California Sets Standards for Labor Camps--R. ill Kearney...................... So Councils Improve Rates in Industrial Contest.................................................. 18 Improving First Aid in the Small Plant--Joanna M. Johnson, R. X.............. 52 Scouts Use Calendar as Safety Text--/. .S'. Baker.......................................... 58 Hotel Operation Need Not Be Hazardous--Will Cooper................................ TO Safety Developments in -Metal Stamping Plants--R. A. Shaw............. -...... 74 Save '$11,000 in One Year................................................................................... TO The Slipping Frog--L. C, lisley..................................................................... . 78 Departments Editorial .......................... 9 The SafetyExchange .................. 23 Industrial Health ......... -................... 50 New Publications ............. 60 New Members, N. S. C........................ 94 Accidental Deaths in the U. S, A___ 96 The Safety Poster Service.................... 101 Coming Events ..................................... 110 Personals ........................... 63 With the Manufacturer........................ Ill The Honor Roll ............. -.................... 88 The Buyers' Service .............................. 114 Contents of previous issues of the National Safety News may he found by consulting the Industrial Arts Index in your library. Copyright 1950 by National Safety Council. Printed in V. S. A. Published monthly. Entered as second class matter June 1, 1921, at the Post Office at Chicago, ill., under the act ot March j, 1879. The subscription price to members for extra copies of the National Safety Nrws is S4.00 per year. .Single copies, 40 cents. Reduced quantity prices for yearly subscriptions and single copies on request. Subscriptions are available only to members of the National Safety Council. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. 18.550 copies of this issue were printed. National Safety Council Cooperative--STon-Commercial--Non-Polithat-- S'on-Sectarian 20 North Wacker Drive. Chicago, U. S. A. Office of the Education Division, 1 Park Ave,, Mew York City 6 Officer* of the National Safety Council 1929-30 1 C, Eugene Pettibone, President. C, W, Bergquist, Vice-President for Finance. Earl F, Blank, Vice-President for Engi neering. Charles L. Close, Vice-President for Indus trial Safety. G. T. Hellmuth, Vice-President for Mem bership. Charles E. Hill, Vice-President for Public Relations. Miller McCIintock, Vice-President for Pub lic Safety. George Opp, Vice-President for Territorial Councils. Albert W. Whitney, Vice-President for Education. Or. C.-E. A. Winslow, Vice-President for Health. J. I. Banasb, Treasurer. W. H. Cameron, Managing Director. , ; I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Members at Large I. I. Banasb, Consulting Engineer. C. W. Bergquist, Western Electric Co. Earl F. Blank, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. W. H. Cameron, Managing Director, Na tional Safety Council. Charles L, Close, IT. S. Steel Corp. F. A. Davidson, Chesebro Whitman Co. William C. Dickerman, American Locomo tive Co. N. F. Dougherty, General Motors Corp. H. B. Flowers, New Orleans Public Serv ice, Inc. Daniel Harrington, U. S. Bureau of Mines. G. T. Hellmuth, Chicago, North Shore A Milwaukee Railroad Co. Charles B. Hill, New York Central Lines. J. E. Long, The Delaware & Hudson Co. Miller McCIintock, Erskine Bureau, Harv ard University. R. B. Morley, Industrial Accident Prevention Associations. George Opp, The Detroit Edison Co. C. E. Pettibone, American Mutual Liabil ity Insurance Co. Robbins B. Stoeckel, Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, State of Connecticut. J. P, Sutton, Ohio Oil Co. Albert W. Whitney, Acting General Man age, National Bureau ot Casualty and Surety Underwriters. Dr. C.-E. A. Winslow, Yale Medical School. Representing Territorial Safety Councils H. O, Allison, Western Pennsylvania. Norman Anderson, Cleveland. T. G. Brabston, Birmingham. Ancil D. Brown, Syracuse. Charles E. Redfern, Providence. T, J. Strickier. Kansas City. Harry M. Webber, Chicago. Representing Sections Melvin W. Bridges, Electric Railway. Will Cooper, Food, Charles F. Larson, Steam Railroad. , Edward H. Sykes, Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers. Arthur M. Tode, Marine. John L. Vandegrift, Public Utilities. Edward P. Warner, Aeronautical. Past Presidents Robert W. Campbell Arthur T. Morey Lew R. Palmer Charles P. Tolman Arthur H, Young Marcus A. Dow Lewis A. DeBlois Carl B. Auei Charles B. Scott Walter G. King Homer E. Niess Henry A, Reninger March. 1930 7 "Sfe'y W^lterePeopleX\fiil\. FBRALUN is iron with abrasive grain embedded in the wearing surface at the time of casting. The grain projects slightly above the metal and provides the non-slip quality that has made this type of tread the standard for use under almost any condition of service. Stair Treads, Door Saddles, Floor Plates, etc., are made in ac cordance with detail requirements. Arc Your Elevator Floor Landings Safe? AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. 50 CHURCH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. ll'hen writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 8 XATtOXAL SAFETY NEWS PREVENT COLDS WITH METAPHEN 2500 ^AETAPHEN is a new * * preparation for the prevention and alleviation of colds and similar diseases. Undiluted, it has 500 times the germicidal strength of carbolic acid. Metaphen 2500 is the solu tion of this powerful germicide prepared for use in preventing and checking respiratory disease among your employees. Although it possesses unusal germ-killing strength, Metaphen 2500 is SAFE. There is no odor--no irri tation. An excellent germi cide for mouth wash, gargle or spray. Every industrial plant should keep a supply of Metaphen 2500. r...................... ............. ..............* i ABBOTT LABORATORIES i North Chicago, III. \ Gentlemens \ Please send me a sample and li< Metaphen 2500. * Name ................... ............................ * Address ............... . ........ * Company ..... ........... ................. i Position ........... ....................... ........... .......... Send the coupon for sample. LABORATORIES NORTH CHICAGO, ILL. New York St. Louis San Francisco Seattle Los Angeles Toronto Bombay H'hcn writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Volume XXI National Safety News Published by the Rational Safety Council CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, MARCH 1930 Number 3 Our New Home S( KjN after this issue reaches our readers the head quarters of the National Safety Council will he in the Civic Opera Building-, 20 North W'acker Drive, get some of the harder-boiled workers to wear them. Trying to evaluate the respective merits of safe guarding and education is like trying to determine the relative importance of hydrogen and oxygen in water. Neither alone will quench thirst. Chicago. For the sixth time in seventeen years the Council has found it necessary to enlarge its office space to accommodate an increasing staff made neces The Public Has a Conscience sary by the expansion of its activities. The new quarters are on the western edge of Chi cago's loop district, easily accessible from the business district and from most of the city's railroad terminals. In the new home, as in the old, a cordial welcome awaits all members who call at headquarters. NE of the indictments of this so-called machine O age is that little consideration is given to human life. Like all blanket indictments, it is far from ac curate. There are some unpleasant aspects of our progress. One of them is the mounting automobile death toll which is a problem peculiar to the present age. An The Other 25 Per Cent other is the much discussed and little understood unemployment problem, particularly as it affects the O SLOGAN of the safety movement has been older workers. Unemployment, however, is by no N misinterpreted more frequently than the familiar means a new economic disease. statement that accident prevention is "7.1 per cent To say that people are becoming callous toward education and 25 per cent safeguarding." loss of human life is to exaggerate. They are appalled The importance of correcting physical hazards and by fatalities on the streets and highways but they furnishing protective devices can not be measured have a feeling of helplessness, coupled with a tolerant by any arbitrary percentage. Certainly, 21 per cent attitude toward violations of safety laws. is an inadequate figure. In most respects, however, this age compares favor Admitting that 75 per cent of all accidents cannot be prevented by any physical or mechanical means does not weaken the argument for safeguarding. Until physical hazards are corrected, attempts at education are likely to be received with considerable skepticism by employees. The value of a safeguard cannot be measured by the immediate hazard it removes. ably with any previous period. It is not necessary to go back a century or more when property was valued above human life and penal codes prescribed death for petty thefts. Within the memory of most of us. killing and maiming were regarded as inevitable in industry. That attitude is gone, and while we may seem to be groping blindly toward the solution of many problems, the past two decades have witnessed Insurance companies, whose rates are computed on an awakening of the public conscience and a growing experience rather than sentiment, recognize the impor desire to end the conditions which menace human tance of safeguarding. They realize the importance life, health and happiness. of organization and education but they also know that an educational program in a plant full of unguarded hazards is built on a shaky foundation. What Is a Good Frequency Rate? Many companies started accident prevention work several years ago with a program of safeguarding. Invariably they tell the same experience. Accidents showed little or no reduction. In the light of present knowledge the reason was obvious. Guards were installed but an explanation of their purpose was sel dom given. As a result the workmen considered the guards as a nuisance and it required constant super vision to keep them in place. Improved guard design, constant education, and the influx of new workers with more receptive minds into industry have lessened one of the safety man's greatest difficulties. If we apply the 25-7.5 ratio to the difficulties in volved in the two phases of accident prevention we are. on firmer ground. It is easy enough to get the management to O. K, the purchase of a gross of gog gles ; the trouble starts when the safety man tries to ANY a safety engineer finds considerable satisfac M tion in knowing that the frequency rate of his com pany is below the average of the industry. Such a state of mind is not conducive to progress. The higher rates in the group boost the average too high to make a safe standard by which to measure experience. Standards are never good enough. The company which is satisfied tb follow literally the minimum standards of safeguarding and organization established by state depart ments and insurance carriers is not likely to establish a new low rate. An average has come to be accepted as a standard, but a standard :s something to pass, not merely equal. After all, comments the News-Letter of the Petro leum Section, a frequency rate is never really good because a perfect frequency rate means no frequency at all. 10 NATIONAL SAFETY XEIYS Records Should Answer the Question 1By GORDON WILSON Director of Safety, The Management and Engineering Corporation "Why Do Men Get Hurt?" Detailed information that gets down to real causes and avoids generalities is a real help in stimu lating and guiding interest in safety. NYONE interested in accident A prevention work is firmly and painfully impressed with the fact that accidents will happen, but effective measures cannot be taken for the reduction of deaths and in juries until it is known how and why they happen, A safety man cannot get very far by talking generalities, but when he is able to support his messages by facts and figures, he stands a reasonable chance of at tracting the kind of attention that is going to serve as a basis for con structive action. In every safety organization, large or small, there must be some central point where a study can be made of the causes and conditions which re sult in personal injuries. The mate rials for such study must be as sembled in a standardized uniform way, so that consistent and compa rable figures may be obtained. The study of the personal injury causes in a large group of public utility companies, with its associated coal mining and industrial activities, has given us an opportunity of working out this problem, and of testing the solution. It is the object of this article to explain as briefly as pos sible, how we find out about our fatal and lost-time injuries, and what we do with the information, A "preliminary report" is received on every fatal or lost-time personal injury case occurring among any of our associated companies. This is simply a carbon copy of the report that is sent to the insurance com pany or the state commission, and serves principally as a basis for the assignment of a case number and the opening of a record on that particu lar accident. Having received the preliminary report, we expect to re ceive within a reasonable time the "investigation report," which is il lustrated herein. The investigation report is printed on two sides of a letter-sized sheet, and asks all the questions which we have found should be answered be fore an adequate study can be made, either of individual personal injuries, or of injuries in groups. In design ing this report, particular efforts were made to create a form that would be helpful to any operating executive who is sincerely interested in reducing his accident rate, so that we feel justified in asking for this information from the operating de partments of the companies with which we are associated. The quest- tions on this report are numbered, and reference to them will be made by number. THE MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING CORPORATION INVESTIGATION REPORT ON FATAL OR LOST TIME PERSONAL INJURY kOtTtMsrowr WMM.tibttf t*i TtU dvmut *i tk Cwh*> umhk, KulHmsit sk ttliMMM Carp . OT * t* tk t**Uk INJURY OATC U Putt *t body iJlKtad,, 2. Dtacripdon IrijiHy__ ......____ _ . ___ ____...... ... 5. Pr**ent candidon of padoot and revised ettlmato of dIttbWty period .. ____ REFERENCE.... ______ TIME.. Fit! tut to** MCNUty to describe CHARACTER OF INJURY, tri numtoor in aopuene* at rotative Important*. . A*hyxJitJofl fey______ . i: :. ........ .... ...... . ~8a* broken fey____ __ _____ . ; __ ______ __ ____________________ ______ .. ..^....Bruised by________ ___ .. . ............ ,, .... ___ Bum** by,______________ ___ . . ............ . ............ ... Crushed fey..__....... _...........................,,,, . ......... ............ ...................................... ...... Colorpierced fey.... _ ,, , ... DWecation dee * . .... ....... _ Ey* falurod by__ ... ______ _ Rttpjwo rained fey,, . FrownwMt*... __ Ho*} prostration while .... .. _ Infection of. ... --. Etoetrle shock from contact wtth - Votta#* 0f circuit.. _.Spr*ie or (trail) duo M________,, ,, ..Poisoned fey______ ______ . & Who* wm tojursd party tut examtaad physically btfora feainf Injured f__ *. WWorfiftktrouWwdMoxtmlfttMohowf^-.,.^.^,,.TM...^.., . 7. Numbor. in sotuinee ot rotative Import***, at! word* or phraoee below which dooerffeo CAUSE OF ACCIDENT. rEmpfoyeeM rotor* to taiwod party, unioM the totttf "X" lo shown aftor the assign** eauoo.) - -At Employee not Inativriad at aM. , ..A* InitriKtion* net enforced. - A* Instruction* tnemoptot*. A4 Instruction* orronoow. 81 Employe* NwxpertMMd. - 82 Employee not akfflfet. 83 Employee 84 Employ** uud poor judgment = . Cl Disobedience of rule*. C2 Interferon** by others. Footing. Dl Attention dhtroetod. 02 Inattention. _ El Taking chances. E2 Shartetfa, E3 Hut*. -H Employe* ifefguh or laUguid iroafilfy. ,F2 Employee excited *r anpry. Gl Employ*# pt?y*la% dofoetfc*. G* Employs# fadguad pfeyaka^, .,,. 03 Kmoloyoo not itroni oooufti pliyoloaRy. _ .H1 Danger points (nedepuataty guard**. ,H2 Danger points net guarded. 11 Matoriaitmproperiy ptiod, loaded or stored. . .12 Untidy #r otherwise dangerous passaga* or work spec*#. ... 13 Cfearanc** iosttfSeleftt for lift work. Jt Defective wwtsriai*. ,, ,, J2 Oaftctive tooia, ecatToWng or tackle. ,._J3 Oifectiv* machines. , ,K1 Defective taeulatloa. ,,,,,.K2 Uns*f* condition of bufMtng. KJ Uneof* condition of linos. _.,U Improper vontlatiefi. L2 Improper tight U (nadopuat* supports, guya or braces. - Ml Matftodatdoingwarktmproperiyplanned. _,,M2 Unsafe layout of plant . ,, N1 Proper puwitat utoty epuipmartt notavofebt*. ,,__Nt Dofacdv* porooR*! aafoty oulomo.Tt OatMni to*** or etimewts* dMiforoua. r ,^Tl No parson and no maooafela aatofiiard or procatrUon oould hav* prevented thl* aeddont TK ob/ect of this refxsrt i* to help us find out fiotv and tuhy men are injured, so that sup* may ba taken, whenever possible, to prevent simtfar injuries. HELP US TO HELP YOU. March, 1930 11 The blanks in the upper righthand corner on the front of the form are principally for identification pur poses. Question 1, "Parts of Body Affected," and Question 2, "Descrip tion of Injury," are partly for classi fication purposes, though 1 hope to be able to show later in this article how these elementary questions have contributed to the effective di rection of our accident prevention work. The object of Question 3 is primarily to enable us to judge the seriousness of the injury, and to let us know when we should receive a "settlement report," which comes through when the patient has re covered, and is able to return to work. The object of Question 4 is quite plain, and the usefulness of this in formation as a guide toward reduc ing accidents is apparent. Questions 5 and 6 are providing some very in teresting information regarding the extent to which we should go in the physical examination of employees, both before and during employment. Question 7 represents one of the most important features of this in vestigation report. This represents our effort to find out why the acci dents occur, and a great deal of the effectiveness of our accident preven tion work has been found to depend on the procuring of intelligent, honest, and carefully considered an swers to this question. Too much stress cannot be laid on the quality of answers to Question 7, because it happens very often that supplying the correct answer re quires a correct point of view, analyt ical ability, and a certain determina tion to face the facts, which are a little bit more than can be expected of the average human being. There is a universal disinclination to be a I. What sfpttitus, twit * RttUfuli c*nncUd with Kddint?-. 1 What uftty HutpNWflt houW Hava baan maehtoacy, apparatus, ie.?.......... tl. What was condition f this ufity aquipmsnt and was it In pUca ?,____ _______ ........................... 11. Waa lnlur*4 party PROVIDED WITH alt fttcsuary pKsaoai satsty squipmsfltf 'If f*t,|<varfatafft4=:, It What wm eawStioflof ttosparsonalsafatyapulpmantf.,__ -- , . .....____ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 Waa tftfurad party USING all paraMUl saftty apulpmant which hla warfc rapuktff (If nat, pit* batatfs.) 14. What petto* wtlMsa tekwi ta pravant futurt aocMwtta af Unit (Chack das*.? CLASS: _ .AddhJooM aafapuanfc. ..... Chanptd ar naw teals ar a*jipmant .....Chanpa in pUflt layout Impravad Intpactfoo mathodc. .,,,^NEW pamnai oa/sty aptrtpmaRt. -ADDITIONAL pamaai M/sty apuipntenL .... Dtetejftn*. ,,,,,,SpacH as par tfatatla DETAILS af any eiu* a# actfaft te ha takaw,................. I It. Kama an* titfa at pMltian M ImmadUta tupadar af to]urt4 party?____-_____ 11 Oate, Caaa Na. anS Character of tut prtviaua acddartt acaurrtaf utrfar Ms auparvisien IT. Haw far waa Marast Brat aid kit fraot scana at *&}* ... v...... 11 Waa It uaadT.......... ,,.............. . _ ....... .,................................... ...__________ II What Iraatmant wu (Ivan by fallow workmanf,______ ___ 8L By Irat aid warkart from autalda arpantzatten ?..... .................... ....... : St. WhawatthamauteMawarkat?,,,..~,,,..,,., _____ _ .... it NMwifldaddroaaafdaeterwhatraatedeaMf____ _______ ___________ ____ 21 Hama ad addraaa af haapltal whara caoa waa troatadf.... M. Whan and whara waa last ufaty maadflf attendad by Infurod party?_____ .. 21 What printed aafaty InahwSana hat ha raealvad?____________ ,,. . ,. __ Date-. ....Otirocterat Safaty. Sl|ftad__ Tltla ar Pasfdai.. squealer, and a desire to avoid mak ing trouble for anyone, which are commendable enough as a general proposition, but which must be sub dued if the answers to Question 7 are going to be of their fullest pos sible value. In our early experience with this report, we sometimes found a strong inclination to report the accident as unavoidable (Z. T), and let it go at that. Sometimes the makers of these reports reported an accident as un avoidable. but nevertheless went into details when answering Question 14. regarding the action that would be taken to prevent future accidents of the same kind. A disposition was noted in some quarters to answer Question 7 by stating that the in jured employee used poor judgment i B. 4), but this inclination has been corrected to a considerable degree by bringing out the fact that certain operating foremen or other heads were apparently not exercising good judgment in the selection of the men that they hired, because, apparently, a large percentage of their force con sisted of blockheads. Stress has also been laid on the fact that when an employee is of the type likely to use poor judgment, additional responsibility is thrown upon his immediate superior to guard him against the accidental in juries to which poor judgment may contribute. In other words, the use of poor judgment by the injured em ployee may be an acceptable ex planation of an accident, but it can not be accepted as an excuse. To facilitate the proper assignment of the accident causes enumerated un der Question 7, a detailed definition of each cause has been prepared, which will be found as an appendix to this article. The purpose of Questions 8 to 13 inclusive is dear enough. We want to know what apparatus, tools, or materials were connected with the accident, and whether proper phys ical safeguards were supplied and used. When an employee is injured as a result of lack of personal safety equipment, such as goggles, this should be known. We want to know if the equipment was avail able, whether it was in good condi tion, and if it was being used. The records of accident prevention work are full of cases where men have sus tained serious eye injuries because their goggles were in their pockets instead of on their eyes, or of elec trical workers who have been the victims of electric shocks that would have been prevented if the rubber gioves had been on the hands of the I'? NATIONAL SAFETY .VEITS injured men instead of in their pockets or beits. Coupled with Question 7, and ranking with it in importance, is Question 14--"What action will he taken to prevent future accidents of this kind?" This question is pred icated on the assumption that, while the first accident of any type may reasonably be regarded as an accident, subsequent accidents of the same type become more and more somebody's fault. Xo indus try has arrived, as yet, at the point where it is entirely free from per sonal injuries, but it will arrive more speedily and more certainly if there is a general determination never to waste an accident. If an accident is allowed to occur without steps being taken to prevent a recurrence of an accident of the same kind, that ac cident is wasted. If, on the other hand, an accident inspires the deter mination that no man in the organ ization shall ever be injured again from the same cause, and leads to the taking of steps to carry out this determination, such an accident, un fortunate as it may be. represents one of those cases where good may come from evil. Preventive Action Suggested Certain classes of preventive action are suggested under Question 14, not only to assist in answering the question properly, but to suggest the various kinds of action that mav be taken to prevent the recurrence of accidents of any type. One of the objects of going into this detail has been again to assist in overcom ing certain inherent weaknesses of human nature. In our earlier experi ence with this form we found that many people were satisfied to an swer Question 14 bv the statement that "the employee would be warned to be more careful in the future." There was an inclination to give this answer even when the record of. the case evidently called for more effective action along other lines. Questions 15 and 16 are designed to build up a record of local accident frequencies. If there are epidemics of accidents in any one particular part of the organization, this should be known, so that special assistance may be given to the head of that organization unit. Question 1.7 has been found to serve a constructive purpose, and the replies to it have been instru mental in procuring a more general and more effective distribution of first-aid kits. The answers to Ques tions 18 to 23, inclusive, are neces sary to a complete record and a care ful study of the case, and the an swers to Questions 24 and 25 have also been found to be of constructive value. Having told wiiat we want to know about a personal injury case, the next question that will naturally occur to any intelligent person is, "What do they do with all that in formation?" The first and obvious answer is that we study each acci dent individually, and also tabulate the information on these reports, so that we are able to judge trends and tendencies, both in different parts of the organization, and in the organ ization as a whole. A study of the answers to Ques tion 1, for instance, has developed some very helpful and constructive information. In summarizing the record of .370 lost-time injuries, it developed that 74 of these injuries were to the foot and ankle. In cer tain parts of the organization most of these foot and ankle injuries oc curred when some heavy weight was dropped, and that suggested the im mediate need of a campaign for the use of safety shoes and foot guards, and of instruction regarding the best methods of lifting and carrying such articles. Sixtv-seven accidents involved the fingers, and 49 other accidents the hands. Hands and fingers are hard to protect, but these figures will show what can be done in the way of lowering accident frequency rates bv a campaign for the better protec tion of this exposed part of the body. Fifty-five accidents, or nearly 10 per cent, represented eye injuries. Some of these injuries occurred where it was not at all reasonable to require the use of goggles but enough of them took place under conditions which indicated that goggles and eye-shields are not yet being gen erally used. Broadening First-Aid In some parts of our organization it has been found that the men were letter perfect on prone pressure treatment, but had not been giving the necessary study to bandaging, bleeding control, and the care of broken bones. Studies of this kind have indicated how. where, and to what extent the first-aid training of the men should be broadened out. Less than one per cent of the per sonal injuries involved in this study were due to electric shock. This does not mean that prone pressure treatment should be neglected, be cause the ability to administer prone pressure, when required, means the difference between life and death. It does mean, however, that training in prone pressure should be supple mented by the necessary training to enable proper care to be taken of manv of the injuries that constitute over 99 per cent of the cases studied. The two classes of personal in juries that always lead a safety man to think about fraud are sprained backs and hernia. It is becoming evident from this study that a proper plan of physical examination is an effective safeguard against fraudu lent hernia cases, but the lame back problem is still far from being solved. Fifty-three cases out of those included in this btudv were sprained backs. It appeared that a number of them were due to improper methods of lifting, but a certain interesting group of these injuries look as though they require investigation by a detective, instead of a safety man. Preventing Infection One of the most interesting prod ucts of a study of the answers to Question 4 is the location of cases where infection follows bruises, burns, crushing, cuts, or eye injuries. These cases are most frequently found to be curable by proper disci plinary action, as they are generally the result of a violation of a rule re quiring the immediate treatment of any wound, no matter how slight. The information gained from a study of Question 4 has been found exceed ingly valuable as a guide in plan ning first-aid work, and the charac ter of first-aid equipment to be dis tributed. The information derived from the answers to Question 7 is likely to be more useful locally than generally, as it usually serves as a basis for immediate action for the prevention of similar accidents in the future. The tabulation of this information shows certain interesting trends. One of them is that, as time goes on, a larger proportion of accidents is due to the human element, and a smaller proportion to physical condi tions. This means that we are suc ceeding in eliminating from our plants and equipment defects which might make for unsafe working conditions, and that the problem of avoiding accidents is being, to a cor responding degree, put up to the men who are likely to be hurt. I am saying what every safety man knows when I say that our big problem in accident prevention work is educa tion-more education, and better education--but a study of the an swers to Question 7 enables us to measure the results of our work for the betterment of working condi tions along educational lines, so that we will know where and how prog ress is being made. March, mO 13 The answers to Questions 8, 9 and 10 have been of substantial value in directing the improvement of phys ical conditions from an accident prevention point of view. Some time ago we found that, in one part of our organization, there were relatively more accidents in which ladders were involved than there were else where. A special study of the situa tion indicated the desirability of scrapping a great many unreliable ladders, and of enforcing, through training and discipline, the proper use of good ladders. Neglect Is Revealed We have already discussed the value of the information regarding personal safety equipment that is called for under Questions 11, 1`2, and 13, but I believe it can safely be said that the general use of such equipment as goggles and rubber gloves is encouraged bv the knowl edge that this information will have to be supplied whenever an accident does occur as a result of failure to use them. This same mental reaction has been observed in the case of Ques tions 15 and 16. There are vary ing degrees of interest in accident prevention work, and many a man sincerely believes that he is doing everything he can to prevent acci dents among his subordinates, when his interest in the matter cannot really he classified as much more than passive. There is a disposition to biarne accidents on Providence, just as there is a disposition to blame misgovernment on politicians, overlooking the fact that both Prov idence and politicians can be assist ed to give more satisfactory results if we all take an active interest. Regardless of the accidents in which Providence may be involved, no man likes to know that there is a report to the effect that, in addition to this accident, another accident occurred under his jurisdiction a short time previously. It may safely he stated, therefore, that Questions 15 and 16 have proved to be an ac tive factor in inducing certain minor executives to take an active and per sonal interest in the protection of the^men under their jurisdiction. No report is more reliable than the man who makes it out, and its value depends entirely on the man who receives it. An analytical study of personal injuries, such as we have described, is worthless unless everyone who contributes to it is enthusiastically interested in the prevention of accidents. It is best that such reports as we have been considering should be made out by a local committee, so that they will represent a broad, unbiased, and competent point of view. However, they should be signed by some executive under whose supervision the accident occurred, if oniv be cause he has the authority to take the steps that will prevent future accidents of the same kind, and in signing the report should feel that he is pledging himself to take such action. Any man so signing a re port should he man enough to sign it, even though he may consider that it is, in part, a reflection on his man agement. We try to encourage this point of view by beginning to appiv pressure only when accidents of a certain type show a tendency to re peat. The major executives who get these reports should study them, both individually and collectively, with a full realization that accident prevention is one of their greatest responsibilities, and that it is their duty to take the action called for by the reports, or to see that such action is taken. We have been very fortunate in receiving the sincere and effective cooperation of opera ting executives in our accident pre vention work among the companies associated with Utilities Power & Light Corporation. They have done much to spread the safety spirit among the men, and this teamwork has been a most effective means in the reduction of accident frequency rates. We believe, however, that an important factor, both in stimulating and guiding this interest, has been the availability of full and detailed information as to why men get hurt. APPENDIX Analysis of Causes of Personal Injuries Listed below are the causes of acci dental injuries as set forth under Question 7, Form 5800, "Investigation Report on Fatal or Lost Time Personal Injury." Following each is a brief explanation "of the wording used, which we hope will be helpful in obtaining accurate, consistent analyses of accident causes. N'o cause should be assigned to an acci dent until all the possible causes have been carefully studied and considered, and it is certain that the case is going to be accu rately described. Don't try to put all the blame on the injured man, but size up the situation in a fair, square way and tell the complete truth as you see it. Often an accident results from a com bination of causes, in which case several phases may have to be checked. In such cases, the primary cause should be checked by using the figure "I," The other causes should be numbered in the order of their relative importance as contributors to the accident. If there should be any doubt as to which cause ranks first, select, for the first, the cause which good management would be the first to correct. Al. Employee Not Instructed at AIL The em ployee had never been warned against the hazards incidental to the work he was doing, nor had he been told how to protect himself and fellow workers against those hazards. A2. Instructions Not Enforced. The accident was due to the failure of the employee to follow some satety instruction which he had received, but which had not been rigidly enforced, either in his own case or in the i.ase ot his fellow employees. This cause will be assigned in ail such cases, regardless b whether or not the employee's immediate ,-uperior uas aware of the disobedience of saiety rules at the time of the accident. A3. Instructions Incomplete. The employee had not been given all the instructions necessary to prevent the accident. He might have been warned, for instance, about the max imum allowable inclination ot ladders; but this cause would apply, m the case of a ladder slip, if he had not also been warned to have the toot of the ladder properly secured, by lashing or otherwise, A4. Instructions Erroneous. The safety instruc tions given the employee did not apply to the hazards to which he was exposed, if an employee had been educated to use rubber gloves in handling the tower voltages, but had not been cautioned about their limita tions in the case of the higher voltages, this cause would apply to shock by high tension lines. BI, Employee Inexperienced. How many men get hurt fust because they are plain green horns, and therefore incapable of understand ing or applying the instructions which they have received? This cause will be used to describe cases where men are injured because, while they may be skillful, alert workmen along some lines, they have been assigned to work that is new and strange to them. B2. Employee Not Skillful. Some men are nat urally clumsy and unable to handle them selves or their work with the skill that is necessary to avoid accidents. A punch pres# operator of several years* experience may, nevertheless, be unable to keep his hands out of danger. If he should get hurt, as a result of his clumsiness, this cause would apply. B3, Employee Ignorant. To understand and apply safety rules a man must have a cer tain foundation of education and knowledge of the English language. Some men get hurt because they just can not understand the conditions under which they are working. B4. Employee Used Poor Judgment. A man may be experienced, skillful, intelligent and fully instructed regarding the precautions that he should take; but nevertheless, when a con dition arises which forces him to choose be tween the right way and the wrong way, he may deliberately select the wrong way. Please note the distinction between cases of this kind and cases where a man's judgment is warped by haste, mental fatigue, anger or excitement. Ci. Disobedience of Rules. Sometimes, in spite of warnings and reprimands, and for no ap parent reason, a man will disobey a safety rule, and an accident will result. Many cases of infection, due to neglect of small cuts and scratches, will come under this classifica tion. Often rules thus broken are general rules, rather than those which apply specifi cally to a man's own work, and his disobe dience is the effect of indifference or a gen erally lawless attitude of mind. This cause will be assigned to such cases. 02. Interference by Others. This cause is as signed to cover the cases where a man may be injured through no fault or shortcoming of his own, but a* a result of an action taken by some other person. It may cover a wide range of cases, involving physical interference, ^uch as that of the man who is shocked when a dead wire on which he is working is charged by someone else, without warning to him; or the man who is pushed or crowded into a dangerous position. This cause will apply in cases where the foolish action of some bystander results m an accident to one of our men. C3. Fooling (Horseplay). An unfortunately Urge number of avoidable accidents may result from this cause. It is important that they should be identified and controlled. Dl. Attention Distracted. A man should be allowed to keep his mind on his work. When he is prevented from doing this by some cause beyond his control, without being physically interfered with, and an accident results, this cause will apply. D2. Inattention. There are times when a man is less interested in his work than in what is going on around him, though nothing is hap pening which should really distract his atten tion, (Continued on page 108) 14 NATIONAL SAFETY NEll'S Reducing Noise and Vibration in Buildings By F. R. WATSON Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Illinois OISE is one of the modern evils. A busy street in a large jf Buildings ofmassive and rig city is so noisy that thunder id construction and rooms cannot be heard. Automobile horns, street cars, elevated trains, riveting machines and other devices all con lined with sound-absorbing materials help to reduce tribute to the pandemonium of noise that must be suffered. Inside of `A harmful noise. j buildings the situation is not much bet ter. Typewriters are found in almost every room, while adding machines and other computing instruments, ele vators, motors and ventilation systems add to the general disturbance. In factories, a serious annoyance arises when heavy machinery sets up vibra tions in the floors and walls. In all of these cases, the physical welfare of employees is affected. Clerks become nervous and irritable; their efficiency is less and they make mistakes, which means a financial loss. Factory employees do poorer work, and are more liable to have accidents. Generally speaking, the smooth, effi cient operation of business is seriously disturbed. Systematic studies have been made to reduce these defects, with some beneficial results. The acoustic prob lems in buildings may be grouped in two classes--the control of sound in rooms and the reduction of transfer of sound and vibrations from one part of a building to other parts. The two problems may thus be called the Acoustics of Rooms and the Insula tion of Sound. Acoustics of Rooms ted, as shown in Fig. 1. At plaster walls, for example, 05 per cent or more is reflected, and this progresses to other surfaces where the reflection is repeated. In a bare room with such surfaces a sound may suffer 200-300 reflections or more before it dies out. Furthermore, since sound travels very rapidly--as fast as a rifle bullet-- these reflected sounds cross and re cross so as to fill up every part of the room in a small fraction of a second; but it may take several seconds for it to become inaudible. To correct this trouble, it is neces sary to install sound absorbing ma terials so that the sound dies out more rapidly. Any such material should absorb at least 20 per cent of the in cident sound, and many products are now available that will absorb more than this. With the introduction of material, or any articles, such as fur niture, rugs, etc.; the acoustics show a marked improvement so that occu pants of the room are relieved and show immediate improvement in their work. Loudness of Sound-..To understand fully the action of sound on people, it is necessary to consider the loudness When a sound operates in a room, it spreads out in spheres from the source until it strikes the walls, ceiling and floor, where it is partly reflected, partly absorbed and partly transmit- of sound. The ear is extremely sen sitive to faint sounds, but has a mech anism that protects it against very loud sounds. In mathematical lan guage, the ear responds logarithmically to the intensity. This means that while 100 violins are ten times as in tense as 10 violins, they are only twice as loud (log,0100 -- 3, log,,, 10 -- 1). On this basis of loudness, a new scale of hearing units (decibels) has been made, as shown in Fig. 2. It is seen that there are 108 units on this scale, extending from 0, a sound that Fig. i. How sound is reflected, ab sorbed and transmitted. is barely heard, to 108, for which the sound is so loud as to be painful. For acoustic comfort in a room, the loudness may vary from about 30 to 40. If it rises to '70 decibels, as in a stenographic room, the occupants are decidedly disturbed by the noise. The introduction of absorbing ma terial in a room will not reduce the loudness very much, from 5 to pos sibly 10 units, depending on the amount of material, but the relief for occupants in rooms is quite marked, not only because the loudness is re duced, but also because the sound dies out more quickly. In large offices, it is desirable to house the typewriters, adding machines, etc., in a separate room with glass partitions, although substantial walls are more effective. The sound is thus confined in a small space which can be quieted effectively, thus leaving the larger room compar atively free from disturbing noise. It is usually sufficient to cover the ceiling of a room with an efficient sound absorber. Absorbing values of various materials are given in Table I, on page 15. n< r fire/, ryy State ~ AivStf 0 SC csxaa .;*?,\$# ' ai-fa . SC.Yctse avera.pt? nvr SfCe+c.b as i*saa//y sf're&f n cafferja/'.a.'? 30ScfS rar?aiaa-t'-arff-cr,er/ 2CAstraje -way C rf/eases. fr-esrc::. Fig. 2. A scale of loudness. (Water fall). The hearing unit is the decibel. Zero represents a sound that can bare ly be heard, and at 108 the sound be comes so loud as to be painful. March, 1930 15 Fig. 3. How sound in one room is partly absorbed by the walls, with some transmission into an adjoining room. Insulation of Sound It is a difficult matter to stop sound from passing through the walls of a room. Fig. 3 pictures the case where sound generated in one room is partly absorbed by the walls, while some is transmitted through a partition into an adjoining room. What is desired is to reduce the transmitted sound to a loud ness which is not objectionable. For example, if the second room is a bed room in which a person is trying to sleep, the transmitted sound should be reduced to about 35 decibels (Fig. 2). Absolute quiet (zero loudness) is practically impossible to obtain, nor is it desirable, since people prefer a cer tain amount of loudness. If the loudness of the transmitted sound reaches a value of 30 decibels or more, people in the second room begin to notice it. However, if the second room has a competing sound such as typewriter noises, conversa tion, radio, etc., the transmitted sound is not so noticeable and may rise to a considerable value before becoming ob jectionable. Numerical Example.--Suppose radio music in one room has a loudness of (50 decibels (Fig. 2). The furnishings of the room absorb enough sound to reduce this approximately 5 units to 55 decibels. On passing through the par tition, the sound is further reduced say 30 decibels to 25 units, where the furnishings of the second room reduce it to 5 units more to a final value of 20 decibels. This sound would not be objectionable; but if the original loudness were 80 instead of 60, the re duction would be only to 40 decibels and this would be loud enough to be disturbing. If a radio were operating in the second room, the transmitted sound would not be so objectionable. Transmission of Sound Through Partitions Sound waves may get through a par tition in three ways: first, through ventilation ducts or other air passages; second, by setting the partition in vibration so as to create sound waves on the further side; and, third, as an elastic wave motion in which the pres sures and rarefactions of the sound waves are transmitted from particle to particle in the partition and are com municated to the air on the further side. Experience shows that the escape of sound is greatest through the ventila tion ducts, so that, unless these vents are arranged in some manner to hinder the transmission, it is a waste of effort to install sound proof constructions. Next in importance is the vibration of the partition. Sound pressures and rarefactions set the partition in me chanical vibration, which, in turn, sets up sound waves on the further side. TABLE I--SOUND-ABSORBING COEFFL CIENTS FOR PITCH 512 '.Copied largely from Title VI, Watson's "Acoustics of Buildings") Coefficient Material Per Sq. Ft. Open window ..... ----*................. 1.00 Acoustex -................................... 0.37 AkoustoUth (artidcul stone] .... O.io Ambler sound-absorbing plaster,...,-..--.--., 0.14 Balsam wool, bare, l in. thick, 0.36 lb. per sq, ft..--.--..--......................... - 0.44 Brick wall_____ ___ _____ -- .... 0.032 Brick wall, painted...,__. .... 0.017 Brick, set in cement--.... 0.025 Cabot'* quilt, two layer* of triple ply, with decorative membrane --..-- 0.51 Calacoustic Plaster ....-- 0.19 Carpet, unlined 0,15 Carpet, lined -- .............------ ..... 0.20 Carpet, with K in. Daite hairfelt...... ......... 0.25 Carpet rug* 0.20 Celotex, unpeTforated, 7i-l6 in. thick....... 0,20 Acousti-Celotex, type A, unpainted..... . 0,25 Acousti-Celotex, type B, painted or un* painted ............... ................ ................. 0.47 Acousti-Celotex, typo BB, painted or un painted 0.70 Acousti-Celotex, type C, painted or un painted ..... --.... ............... --................... 0.30 Corkoustic, 1 in. thick, 0.875 lb. per sq. ft. 0.30 Corkoustic, sprayed with cold water paint 0,30 Corkoustic, 2 tn. thick, 1.6 lb. per sq. ft. 0.35 Cork tile _______ ___....................... 0.03 Curtain* in heavy folds,,..--____________ 0,40*0.75 Fibroblock, unpainted, 156 in. thick.....__ 0.42 Flaxlinum, bare, 1 in. thick....... ,............... . 0,61 Flaxlinum, l in. thick, withunpainted membrane ----....... 0.61 Flaxlinum, Acoustic Tile, 14 in. thick, with wooden casing and metal screen...... 0.42 Flaxlinum Acouitic Tile, l in. thick, with wooden casing and metal screen............. 0.S4 Gimco Rock Wool, bare, 1V1 in- thick, 1.44 lb. per sq. ft,....--.............. . 0.57 Glass (single thickness)..--........... ........ 00,27 Hairfelt, bare, 1 in. thick, 0.75 lb. per sq. ft....... ....... ........ 0,58 Linoleum ................................... 0.03 Marble -- 0,01 Nashkote A, 14 in. thick--......--............ 0.31 Nashkote A, \i in. thick............................... 0,41 Nashkote B, in. thick--......--.......... 9.37 Plaster on wood lath--_____ --... ___ _ 0,034 Plaster on metal lath...--.--- ..........-- 0.033 Plaster on tile....,........................... ....... - 0.025 Sabinite Acoustical Plaster.... ........... .. 0,21 Stage opening, depending on stage fur nishings ................. ............... ....... . 0,25-0,40 Ventilators ...... .................... .............. .......... 9,75 Wood, plain --.......... ..... ...................... ....... . 0,06 Wood, varnished .................... eG3 Acoustic 2entherm icork granules ce mented with plaster i.U in, thick, 2.07 lb. per sq. ft.)......... .......... 0.33 tj. S. G, Acoustical Tile, # in. thick...-- 0.56 Individual Objects Coefficient Per Sq. Ft. Adult person ........................................... 4.7 Plain wood seats......... ............ ........--.,--s, 0.15 Church pews, per seat,,,--.--........... 0.2-0.5 Seat Cushions, per seat...-- ...... . 1.00*2.00 Opera chairs (see details in separate report) (a) Plywood seat and back, no up* holstery --.... ............. . 0,24 i.b) Padded seat and back, covered with Pantasote (imitation)leather...-- 1,6 (i i Various paddings, covered with velour or mohair-------- 2.3*3.5 Fig. 4. Relative amounts of sound re flected, absorbed and transmitted by hair felt. The transmission as an elastic wave is usually very small and can be disre garded practically. Musical sounds are usually more difficult to stop than speech. The radio in apartment houses has intro duced a new problem, for it is prac tically impossible to stop loud radio sounds. Experimental Measurements on Transmission of Sound As shown in Fig. 1, sound incident on a partition is reflected, absorbed and transmitted. In one set of experi ments,* measurements were made on the relative amounts of sound that were reflected and transmitted by one, two and three layers of material. Fig. 4 shows the results for hair felt. For any particular thickness, the sum of the reflected, absorbed and transmit ted sound equals 100 per cent. For instance, for t layer, the reflection is 19 per cent, the absorption 23 per cent and the transmission 58 pier cent. For greater thickness, the transmission de creases, the absorption increases, and the reflection approaches a maximum value. Interesting results were obtained for partitions made of paper lined hair felt. In this experiment, two layers transmitted more sound than one layer --an unexpected and surprising result. Further investigation showed that a resonant vibration was set up by the two layers, so that the increased mo tion of the double layer created larger sound waves on the further side of the partition. Fig. 5 pictures the results. It is to be noted that for any thick ness, the sum of the transmitted, ab sorbed and reflected sound equals 100 per cent. For example, for two lay ers, the transmission is large, 55 per cent, but the reflection is correspond ingly small, 22 per cent. The absorp tion increases for each added layer. To reduce the transmission of sound, it is desirable to use partitions that are as massive and stiff as pos- "Soundproof Partitions," by F. R, Watson. Bulletin 127, I'niv. of Illinois Engineering Experi* ment Station. 1(1 XATIOXAL SAFETY XFJVS sible. A brick wall plastered on both sides will greatly reduce any sound, but such a wall is not practicable, in buildings. The question then arises as to the construction features of usual partitions that will give reasonably satisfactory results. A large number of tests have been made on different types of partitions. What is done is to measure the intens ity of the incident sound I' and also the intensity I" after transmission. ( Fig. 3). The ratio I' I" gives the "reduction factor" of the partition; but the results are usually expressed as 10 X logarithm T !", which gives the loudness units of Fig. 2, For example, an incident sound with I' = 1,000,000 units of intensity may be re duced bv transmission to l" f.ono units. The intensity is thus reduced 1,000 fold, but the loudness reduction is 10 X log < ............. . 1,1100) -- 30 decibels. This result was also obtained at the Bureau of Standards (Research Paper .\o, {.s) for a large number of parti tions, Regarding partitions. Waterfall writes: With an au-rage reduction factor of 23 db,, 'roial .perch can lie understood quite easily and distinctly through the partition. With an average reduction factor of 30 db., loud rpeech can he understood fairly well if conditions are quiet. ' With an average reduction factor of :f,3 db,, loud speech is audible, hut not easily intel ligible under quiet conditions. With an average reduction factor of 10 db.( normal speech is not audible, loud speech can ive faintly heard, hut not easily understood, and for all practical purpose* the partition can he considered as "sound proof." Separat ing partitions between apartments should have a factor r.f about 40, For piano rooms, organ rooms, etc., a better partition is sometimes needed. Higher factors thin 40 are desirable for such cases. Reduction of Sound by Wood Stud Partitions. (P. E. Sabine.) Lath Plaster Coats Lbs., sq. ft. loxiog v/v Metal Gypsum S&B 17.4 27.0 Wood G.vpsum S&B 18.0 27.3 Wood Gypsum S. B, F 18.6 280 Wood Lime S. B 17.4 35,4 Wood Lime S, B, F 18.0 35.2 The data in the last column are averages for 17 tones from 128 to 1,006 vibrations per second. Sabine comments: t. There is no important difference in the sound insulation afforded by gypsum plaster laid on metal lath and the same material laid on wood lath. < 2. Compared with similar tests on masonry partitions, the wood stud construc tion gave the same sound reduction as an all-masonry wall oi equal weight. 3. Oral tests showed that speech of con versational loudness could he heard and un derstood easily through all these partitions. Vibration of Floors A serious defect, particularly in factories, is the vibration of floors set up by motors and other machinery. Employees who are shaken up and down all day by these floors are un able to do satisfactory work. \Janu- Sound Reduction for Plaster Partitions. (P. E. Sabine.) Partition Lbs./sq. ft. 2" Gypsum Tile, unplastered................ 3" Hollow Tile, unplastered.................. 154" Plaster on Metal Lath................. . 3" Solid Gypsum Tile, unplastered---2" Solid Gypsum and iy{" Plaster..... 4" Hollow Clay Tile, unplastered....... 2" Gypsum and t" Plaster .................. 2" Gypsum and 1 >4* Plaster --......... 4" Clay Tile and (4" Plaster................ 254" Plaster on Metal Lath...................... 3" Solid Gypsum and 154" Plaster.... . 4" Hollow Clay Tile and t" Plaster , 4" Hollow Ctav Tile and 1(4" PUsler 3(4" Plaster on Meta! Lath...................... 454" Plaster on Metal Lath...................... .... 10.4 .... 11.1 .... 13.0 .... 14,2 .. 13.0 .... 17.0 .... 19,6 .... 21.4 .... 32.0 .... 23.2 23.4 .... 27.0 .... 28.8 ... 32.3 .... 41.8 10 log 171 23.6 24.2 25.3 26.7 27 " 28.3 29.5 30.5 30.7 32.4 32.8 33 34.0 36.0 38.2 These partitions were 8'2" x T2" in area, built in between two entirely sep arate rooms. It is to lie noted that the reduction of sound is proportional to the weight of the partition, the heavier partition thus stopping more sound. t'actured products are likely to show imperfections, and accidents occur more frequently. Investigations have been to deter mine what features of the vibrations have the most serious effect on people. Fig. 3. Results for a vibrating frarotiou in which two layers transmitted more sauna than one layer. Results indicate that the acceleration of the floor has the greatest effect, the velocity of the floor comes next and the actual displacement is least no ticed. The case is somewhat similar to riding an elevator in a building, where people experience discomfort when the elevator is suddenly started up or down (accelerated), but not af fected much when the elevator is in steady motion. For example, Eason i The Preven tion of Vibration and Xoise, Chap. 11) states that an acceleration equal to 1 per cent of gravity is noticeable, and if it reaches 4 to "> per cent, the result is distinctly unpleasant. This would be the case if the floor vibrated 10 times a second with a total up and down displacement of .01 inch; or 5 times a second with a displacement of ,04 inches, etc. That is, the displace ments do not have to be large to pro duce trouble. In many factories, the displacements are much greater than the values quoted, so that the nuisance is greater. The reduction of this defect is found in two ways. First, the struc ture of the building should be as mas sive and rigid as possible, so that it cannot easily be vibrated. Second, it is desirable to adjust the machinery so as to reduce the vibrations. Motors can be balanced so that they run smoothly. It is also of benefit to mount the machine in special manner to minimize anv vibrations that may f'et into the building structure. Some times it is sufficient to use a padding of cork, nr flax, etc., under the ma chine : otherwise special devices may be used. Conclusion The constructive features of build ings shat minimize noise and vibra tions are heavy and rigid walls and floors, with sound-absorbing materials lining the rooms. Heavy machinery should run with as little vibration as possible, and perhaps he mounted on special materials. Buildings which have these features throughout will show a marked improvement over the usual type of structure March, 1930 The Four Essentials of Fire Protection By GEORGE P. HODGES American LaFrance & Foamite Corporation 17 Fire Protection can't be ob tained by merely buying an extinguisher. The equip ment must be selected for the hazard, placed correctly> charged properly, and oper ated with confidence. T TSE of an open flame to disI j cover how much gasoline remained in the tank of his automobile, nearly cost John Jones of 83 Blank Street, his life last night." Hardly a day goes by hut what, in some section of the country, newspaper readers read something which has the same theme as the a b o v e. Unfortunately, however, these news items are often of an even more serious nature. Despite their seriousness, such items invari ably bring an incredulous smile to the faces of their readers. It is like the old jingle. "John Jones looked The first step in fire protection--a de tailed study by a trained firc-protcctimi engineer to determine hazards and the best methods of protection. On this property a thorough housecleaning would be the first remedy suggested, into his old shot-gun to see if it was loaded. It was!" The same persons, who pride themselves on having "too much sense to do such foolhardy things," are often guilty of foolish acts that may have serious and even tragic consequences. They are the men who are in clined to overlook the need of tire protection because they have never had a tire, or who install fire-fighting equipment as a necessary evil which must he had, promptly forgetting that it exists and allowing the men under them to do likewise. They are the men who argue that their buildings are adequately covered by fire insurance. They lose sight of the fact, however, that fire insurance will not pay for lives lost, nor will it compensate for lost business while the plant is shut down. In this con nection it is also significant to note that, according to carefully compiled statistics. 30 per cent of all indus trial fires result in business failure. They are the men who rely en tirely on their city fire department for protection. But, efficient as they may be, fire departments are not in fallible. Accidents may happen-- congested traffic conditions, open bridges, train blockades are only a few of the handicaps that may delay them. Or, they may be at another fire. The man who relies wholly on the fire department for protection is taking great chances. It will be only when someone discovers a way to tell when and where and to whom fire will come that property owners can ignore adequate first-aid fire protection equipment. P'ire protection is a complex sub ject and men who have devoted their lives to the study of fire con trol are almost daily learning some thing new. They have learned that fires are not all the same, that fire hazards differ, that different types of lire extinguishing methods apply to. or do not apply to, the different kinds of hazards that are to be safe guarded. They know thgt correct fire protection cannot be obtained bv simply buying a "fire" extin After the right type and sice of exiinouisher has been determined, the next step is to supervise the installa tion to make sure that the devices are correctly placed. guisher. The problem isn't as simple as that. A fire protection engineer bases his recommendations for fire protec tion on four basic essentials, namely, The right extinguisher, correctly placed, properly charged, and confi dently operated. If these four essentials are put into actual prac tice, our annual fire loss would not amount to one-half billion dollars a year. The theory upon which the first essential of correct fire protection is based is "Fires are not all alike-- nor are all fire extinguishers." To the average person one fire is just like another, but there are many dif ferent kinds of fires. For instance, there are fires in ordinary materials, there are electrical fires, there are oil fires, and there are the extra-hazar dous fires in flammable materials. There isn't any one type of fire ex tinguisher that is a "cure all" for all kinds of fires. One type of fire ex tinguisher may put out one kind of fire and yet prove almost useless on another kind. This explains why so many fires gain destructive head way, interrupting business and caus ing losses that fire insurance can never repay. The owner of a printing plant had been persuaded to install some car bon tetrachloride extinguishers in his press room. He was given to understand that he could depend on these devices for protection. But when fire broke out in the web of a press, the extinguisher failed to put oul the flames and a serious loss was 58 NATIONAL SAFETY SEWS Instruction of employees in the proper operation of the extinguishers gives them con fidence tit themselves and their equipment should an emergency arise, only narrowly averted by other means. Naturally this man, who had believed that any "fire extinguisher" was a fire extinguisher, came to question the value of all extinguish ers. He did not realize until it was explained to him, that a carbon tet rachloride extinguisher depends for its efficiency on the smothering action of a gas heavier than air, which gas, being free, would prob ably fall away from the burning web before it could have any effect. Hundreds of other unfortunate instances could be cited where people placed faith in extinguishers that were not adequate for the risks they supposedly safeguarded. Mis application can be made with almost any type of fire extinguishing equip ment. Fortunately, there is a type of fire extinguisher which will control each kind of fire. However, the kind of fire protection best suited to han dle the particular fire risks present in a property cannot be determined bv guesswork. Facts determined from a detailed study made by an experienced engineer, who has stud ied fire in all its various forms and who knows the advantages and limi tations of each type of fire extin guisher, of the particular hazards existing is the right way to find out what protection is necessary to safeguard the business against "these hazards. Correct protection means the right extinguisher for each kind of fire risk. And that brings us to the second essential of correct fire protection-- "Correctly Placed." Fire comes when least expected, it is always a surprise and therefore always brings with it a certain amount of confu sion. When a fire extinguisher is needed it is needed quickly and that means that it must be readily accessible--so that a man can get his hands on it immediately. Fire extinguishers are generally located in proportion of one unit for every 2000 or 2500 square feet of floor area. The real measure ment. however, of fire protection, so far as correct placing of extinguish ers is concerned, is the distance to be traveled from any point to reach the nearest extinguisher. This varies with the kind of hazard to be encountered and the size of the ex tinguisher used. The extinguishers should be conspicuously located and in buildings where they are likely to he obscured by piles of stock, it is desirable to paint some sort of sign of sharply contrasting colors on the walls above the devices. These signs become familiar to the occupants of the building, bringing the extinguishers into distinct prominence, and thus tend to save valuable time in case of emergency. It can be seen from the above that the correct placing of fire ex tinguishers is an exacting job and should only be entrusted to men ex perienced in the class of work. For, a fire extinguisher which cannot be quickly reached in time of excite ment is of no more value than the extinguisher which is not suitable for the risk to be protected. The third essential, "Properly Charged," is also important, for, even if an extinguisher is of the correct type and is properly in stalled, what good is it if it "won't work ? And it won't work properly unless it is properly charged. As a concrete example, let us re late an actual happening. A fire inspector with a local industrial fire chief was making an inspection of the fire-fighting equipment of a large factory. The various devices showed evidences of having been well cared for as outward appear ances were concerned. The record tags showed that the extinguishers and engines had been techarged about six months before. Just as an extra precaution a 40gallon soda-acid engine was taken out in the yard and operated. Imagine the surprise of the factory's fire chief when this engine dis charged a stream for a distance of only five or six feet. Investigation proved that the man who charged the engines had used some other kind of acid in place of sulphuric acid which should have been used. Fortunately, this was discovered be fore the devices were called upon to put out a fire. When fire breaks out an extinguisher is needed and needed badly--and there isn't time to stop and see if it is properly charged. ' It is part of the Underwriters' re quirements that certain types of fire (Continued on page 98) Regular inspections of equipment to make sure that it is always ready for operation is another requisite in the complete plan of protection against fire. Morc/i. 1930 State Safety Requirements in Industry This is No. 94 of the Series of Safe Practices Pamphlets. Reprints of these Pamphlets are obtainable from the headquarters of the National Safety Council in Chicago. 10 1. Practically every state in the United States has in force certain safety requirements for industry which employers in that state must follow. Every employer should famil iarize himself with the requirements for his operations. He can do this by studying the state publications which may be secured by writing the proper authorities of his state. 2. The National Safety Council receives so many inquiries from its members on this subject that this pamphlet has been prepared, not to quote these requirements in detail, but to help the. employer secure state pub lications and to study the require ments. 3. For this purpose the pamphlet is divided into two sections: (a) A subject chart (See pages 20 and 21). (b) A publication list (See pages 22 to 26 inclusive). Subject Chart 4. In the vertical column at the left of the chart is an alphabetical list of 84 common subjects on which various states have industrial safety require ments. 5. In the horizontal line at the top of the chart is an alphabetical list of the 48 states. 6. This chart can be used in sev eral ways: (a) To determine what states have safety requirements on given sub jects. (b) To determine the subjects on which a given state has safety require ments. (c) To determine whether a given state has safety requirements on a given subject. The code letters on this chart indicate the nature of each state re quirement. "S" indicates "Statute." "R" indicates "Rule or Regulation." "A" indicates "Advisory." 8. The code numbers on this chart refer to the corresponding numbers on the publication list, thus enabling the reader to determine the title of the state publication in which requirements on a given subject may be found. Publication List fi. The publication list is arranged alphabetically by states. The publica tions listed under each state are also arranged alphabetically. 10. The, subjects in quotation marks are the exact titles of specific publications. 11. The subjects not in quotation marks are those on which require ments are specified in two or more publications of a given state. 12. The publication list of each state gives the names and addresses of the state departments from which these publications can be secured. Examples 13. To determine what states have requirements on a given subjeci. Sup pose you want to determine what states have safety requirements on anthrax. First turn to the subject list on page 20; run down the left hand column to anthrax. Then check across the page. You find that Massachu setts and New York are the only states that have requirements on this subject. 14. To determine the titles of state publications containing safety require ments on a given subject. Continuing the above example; R2 is the refer ence symbol for anthrax in Massa chusetts. Turn to the Massachusetts publication list on page 23; R2 is found to refer to a pamphlet entitled "Rules and Regulations Suggested for the Prevention of Anthrax." Copies may be secured bv writing to the Department of Labor and Industries, Division of Industrial Safety, Boston, Mass. 15. Here is another example: Suppose you want to secure the Arkansas publication containing safety requirements for boilers. Turn to the subject chart on page 20: run down the left-hand column to "Boilers check across the page to "Arkansas the reference symbol is Si. Now turn to the Arkansas publication list on page 22; SI is found to refer to two publications, S3 and S3, entitled "Boiler Inspection Rules and Laws" and "labor Laws of the State of Arkansas." Copies of both publica tions can be secured by writing to the Arkansas Bureau of Labor and Statis tics, Little Rock, Ark. 16. To determine on what subjects a given state has industrial safety re quirements, Suppose you have a plant in Georgia and want to determine on what subjects this state has industrial safety requirements. Turn to the sub ject chart on page 20, check across the top line to Georgia, then on down that column. You find statutes on "Build ing Exits," "Labor Laws," and "Workmen's Compensation Act." 1?. To secure copies of all pub lications of a given state containing safety requirements for industry. Suppose you have a plant in Rhode Island. Turn to the Rhode Island publication list on page 25. This state has two publications entitled "Work- 20 XATfOXAL SAFETY XEIYS SUBJECT CHART--ALABAMA TO MONTANA *------------- --- ------------------------------- ---- i t r~--7"""""' { ' 1 ,..... f 1 i ti 1 1 1? ; 4j f i -i 4 | ,i -t i 1 1 a **? i1 i3 Li 1 ; *i a ... _c_ t s : ri it 1U ( ill M ij J ,Mj| .... 81 Si Vnthrax r ; ,l M 1 >3 si ' . i i... - [..... L . .. i.. 1..... 1 mo ..... 112 Boiler* . Brewing A Bottling 8ij si ! 1(2 \ H21! .... S3 i *'1 ! L i - | M 1 831...... ) i'4 t ' .. l [ - lit si St S2 sl 82 82 86 Building Exits....... ...................... - [ Itli ( ,<! j Sji sal Cannery Labor Camps c.eramic* ............... .............. . ...... ....i . 1 112] [1 f R-l 1 J [ Chemical* ...................... ................. --......... .... 1121 ... - i...... i *|.... ; Sl 1 ! - R4 si i .... ... ii i i - .... .......!....... s3 .... 81 .... 1 84 86 8X1 ........ ....... ....... ....... SI S3 82 - Cranes, Derricks & Hoists ...................... ........ Dredges. ............ ................... ....... .......... R2 IU H2 112 . i 11.5 SI 4 ......| R29 SI9 si St *4 S3 .. .... j R7 i { i 1 81 i SI S3 S3 54 S3 82...... ...... ...... R8 si'i -'i S6 83 86 86 Dry Cleaning A Dyeing.........................--......... Dust Explosions, Prevention........................ ..... Electrical Installation.......-...................---......... Elevators and Escalators................... ........... . Engines................................................................ ..... S3 si ...... R24 sfl Si iu , ns S7 SS Si Rlt 112 ... ...... .... S3 Rl R4 S3 84 S3 S3 >6 St St 84 54 84 82 r*-2 R13 84 84 SO SR SI s5 A! 81 81 83 R14 86 83 S3 84 ....... At At 84 86 84 86 Exhaust Systems............................................... Explosives............... .............................. ............. Fire Drills.................................... .... ...... First Aid..... ......................... .................... --..... n? m SI i>2 ris R3 1U3 sy SI S3 S3 RI3 Sil $4 S2 S3 St S3 87 84 86 86 R4 .... . S3 S12 84 sy S7 S3 S3 86 113 86 85 s7 s2 85 SO si" SB Flammable Liquids............. . ... floor A SV all Openings, Bailings A i oe Boards Forging and stamping..............................-....... Foundries .............. ............. ............. R7 . - i ...... 512 S3 ttlG M3 87 R2 S2 86 SU 8H At K4 S3 AI U19 R3 At H2U 8# S3 R21 86 8S R22 S3 R2 Head A Eye Protection...... ........ ....................... R30 R3 R2 R17 S3 R30 R17 SO ---- S3 S* S14 S3 << --- 82 St -- S'2 SIO S7 -- Bl "si S3 SIO S6 SIO SI S3 R18 S15 82 R25 HI R19 Slfl 8*2 SIO R3 sio R2 Lead--,...... ........................................................... Lighting: industrial.-........................................... si> sii m si"? >!...... S2 sii 84 K4 sib S3 si i S12 86 Lithophone Manufacture ........................ --... R9 R22 j S3 82 sio R2 At SI 1137 SI7 Si 813 Mining...... v.............. ................................... -..... Painting................. ............................................... Paper A Pulp Mills.............. -.................... ........ Petroleum Safety Standards.......... .................... Plant Railway*.--............................................-- Potteries............................................................... Printing..................... ........................................ - Safety Organization.......... ........... ............ Salt Refining...................................... . ......... Sanitation: Industrial.... ..................... . Scaffold* A staging........... ..... Shipbuilding........................... ............... S3 R25 R21 R25 R26 R2 R21 RIO Rfl S23 Hi 1 R27 S24 R21 ---- -- -- A4 ---- ---- -- -- ...... ......... -- -- ---- SJ7 812 S8 Si '"*84 "" 82 83 S2 S2 SI 2 -..... A1 *9 S3 S2 SIO sio .. 81 -- S1 81 813 .... - R31 S15 R28 S16 R32 A1 R28 R2 SIS R3 SIO 813 S3 R4 RIO R3 U ---- ---- ---- ---- A1 ------ -- -- ---- - -- S6 S3 S3 R2 SV.I SH 85 ..... R3C SlO SO R2 81 S3 R33 821 s Stairways............................... .. Steel Mill* .... ............. ..... sa....... K3 R13 R3I 826 R32 82 R2 82 S15 87 812 113 SI R3 S13 R34 87 SI 87 - Tanneries..... ..... ................................................. Ventilation........................... ..... ........................ SI R21 ........ R34 MO S27 Rl S2 ......| 82 SIO S3 S16 88 S13 S13 RC SH 81 S3 SU S8 S23 SI 86 86 Walkway Surfaces............... ............................... Window Washing,............................................. . Woodworking Plant*................... .................... Workmen's Compensation Law , 82 R3f S3 R38..... S14 I S28 S2" S3 .... -j S3 82 SB si? S9 S14 S14 82 S3 S3 SIS S9 S25 sic SU S8 Wnrcft, WA) SUBJECT CHART--NEB RASKA TO WYOMING 7. 7 - 7, ,1 Z* Abrasive Wheels. ...... Anthrax.................... Bakeries -............. Boilers................... Brewing; k Bottling -lj Uli Ill 2f $M13 ; Ri 112 '*i ( U21 Building Exits ......... Canneries... Cannery Labor Camps Ceramics.......... Chemicals...... Compressed Air Equipment. Construction Work .............. Conveyors............................... Cranes, Derricks & Hoist* .. Dredges ..................... .. Dry Cleaning & Dyeing......... Dust Explosions, Prevention.. Electrical Installation............ Elevators and Escalators Engines................................. U1 1*1'39[ RIO >9| HI K4i K21 sisS $4 $9 $iq si R13 ^5 R14 U15 U17| $6 R49 Excavations. ......................... Exhaust Systems.................... Explosive*......................... ..... Fire Drills... First Aid................................... Sll Flammable Gases......................................... Flammable Liquids ..................... ........ Floor k Wall Openings, Railings k Toe Boards! Forging and stamping.................... ........... . Foundries................................................. ....... -l R18| SI $7, K24 Si R28 sioi HU RRii'l2l I R29 U30 Sill 8 Garages..,............................... Gas Installations................... . Gas Masks k Hespirators___ Head k Eye Protection........ Labor Camps......................... Labor Laws..... ............................. Ladders.......................................... Laundries....................................... Lead.......................... .................... Lighting: Industrial...................... S6l I "S7| Sid) $14; $19 RI4 $16 $17 me R16 R32 R3 $9 SI S10 $11 R34 $12 Lightning: Protection.................. Lithophone Manufacture Logging <fc Saw Mill Machinery.. Metal Working _............... ........... Metallurgical Works..................... Milling Industry__ Mining..................... Needle Trade.... ...... Oil Drilling........... Painting.--.............. Paper k Pulp Mills............... Petroleum Safety Standards.. Plant Railways............... Plate k Sheet Metal...... Potteries......................... . Power Control: Electrical..... ..... Power Control; Mechanical........ Power Presses............................. Power Transmission ApparatusPressure Piping............ ............... Printing......................................... Quarries ........ .............................. Refrigeration: Mechanical...... . Rubber Machinery...................... Safety Organisation .................. R18| R26| S12| Sial S2j K49 R3SI S13 R41 Sill if! R6 R20 R21 R22 R26 $13 $13; R23 R25 R40 R49 S9 R43 R2I 3141 R21 R21 Salt Refining................ Sanitation: industrial... Scaffolds k Staging....... Shipbuilding......... Silicosis...... ................... Smelting Ore.--...... Spray Coating....... Stairways.--............ Steam Shovels........ Steel Mills.......... . Tanneries___ Textiles......... Tunnels......... Vats............. Ventilation ... Walkway ouriaves,....................... Window Washing--.................... Woodworking Plants................... Workmen's Compensation Law. R49l S15| $21 $15| $131 $16' siej $1 R13 "Hi 1U7 $11 . S17 R11 Rl $18 R26] R27| $24 R2I R21 $17) R49 S18 R19) R50 $19 HI R3i HS 1 K8 $1 url UHI $41 HK! I Rial H8) R8j r; U18| H3) ~R2| $4 It3 R8j R9| ULI $5j R6 R4| R54 $6j '"$3 R7 $31 $81 $t A1 R2| R9 R16 R3| R2 $41 $9 S4l R4J $10) RIO AI $$1162) $13 R20| 61 $14 R12; R18| AI R0 Rl3j $81 R48I R2 R23j R25 $16 R26 R28 $17 $18 sll Alj $9 R14 R8I R34j..... $19; 821 K3lj $22 R31 RI6 R8 R3 $14 R3 R$1107 RIO R18 , R39 $41 823 R40 R9j R42 1 Rl8j... RSI R43I ; R45j -Ul $31 $ltl $13: HU $241 SI RI9 314 R5Q j $12) sis; R$5225| | R21 H8I R31 R31 R53 SI R55 891 R54 S16 S26| [ R22| R4 $5l Sl5j S17 R47 R57' R31 S27| $21 R9j J U121 R2| l t Rial.. R12 $1 R4| R12I R4I R4 $K112 R3i . $1' Rl R12 Sll R2: R12 S3) $ll| $11 $i| v$a! $4 $41 $a| , R3 $lj R4 |R12i R4 R12 R5 $7 $12 R6 $6 $8 R3; "$| r $41 R6j K7 R8I li-2'2\ R9i Rl RIO m Rii $3j R23 $| Rl! .... R12I $$221| RR2222I| ...J Riai R--I $4 S3 $4 $4 Rl R22i R12 fill R22I R12 R7 R7 RIO 3 R7I RR222:< Ril SI Sll Rl| R22 RT2| Sll, R12 R20| R21 R24j R6 R12 R13 R12 R12 R121 R12 Rl2l $13 R12 R12 ..j RU 11 S14 $8j su R4| R25| R26 Rl SUj Rl Rl , Rl I $15. R2! R$2:31 oo NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS men's Compensation Law" and "Fac tory Inspection Law." Copies ot the latter publication may he secured by writing to the Office of Factory In spectors, State House, Providence, R. I,, while the former may be secured from the Commissioner of Labor, Providence, E. I. The Publication ist 18. The following publication list is referred to in paragraphs 9 to 12: ALABAMA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, copies can be se cured by writing the office of the State Mine Inspector, Birmingham, Ala. St "Mining Law or the State of Alabama.*' "Workmen's Compensation Law." -Copies may ire secured from the Workmen's Compensation Bureau, Birmingham, Alabama, ARIZONA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and. except where otherwise noted, copies can be se cured by writing the Industrial Commis sion of Arizona. Phoenix, Ariz. *R 1 '^Abrasive Wheels, Safety Code for the Use, Care and Protection of," No, 4.%, R 2 "Construction Industry, A Safety Code for the Workers in the," *R 3 '`Electrical Equipment and Lines, Safety Rules for Operation and Use of," No. 8. R 4 Electrical Installations; see R3, 5, R6 and R7, *R 5 "Electrical Supply and Communication Lines, Safety Rules for the Installation and Main tenance of," No, 10. *R 6 "Electrical Supply Station, Safety Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of," No, o, *R 7 "Electric Utilization Equipment, Safety Rules tor the installation and Maintenance of," No, 7. R 8 Floor and Wall Openings, Railings and Toe Boards; see R2 and R6. R 9 Lightning Protection; see Rd and R7. RIO Power Control, Electrical; see R6 and R7. RU Power Transmission Apparatus; see 6 and 12. R12 "Power Transmission Apparatus, Safety Code for Mechanical," No. 463, R13 Stairways;*see R2 and R6,, S i Cranes; see $6. R2 and 7. S 2 Explosives; see 56 and R2, S 3 First Aid; see S6 and R2, S 4 Ladders; see So, R2 and R12. S 5 Lighting; see S6, 2, R6 and R7. **S 6 "Mining Code." S 7 Sanitation; see S.6 and R2. 5 8 "Workmen's Compensation Law." *This publication has been adopted by the In dustrial Commission of Arizona, and copies may be secured from the United State* Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. `Copies may be secured from the State Mine Inspector, Phoenix, Arizona. ARKANSAS The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the office of the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, Little Rock, Ark. 51 Boilers; see SJ and S3. 52 "Boiler Inspection Law and Rules." 53 "Labor Laws of the State of Arkansas." CALIFORNIA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the State of California Department of Industrial Relations, In dustrial Accident Commission, San Fran cisco, Calif. S I Bakeries; see $8 and R2L S 2 Boilers; see S3, SS, R3, R20, R21, R22. R24, R30 __ and R32. S 3 "Clothes, Cleaning and Spotting St Sponging Establishments," S 4 Cranes; see SS, R6, R2S. R29, RJ2 and RJ5. 8 5 Dry Cleaning; see S3, R21 and A3. S 6 Elevators; see S8, R&, RIO and R3L 5 7 Foundries; vee 55 and R21. S S "Labor Law*, State of California." 8 9 Lighting; see S3, R7, R2I. R24. R30 and RJ7. 8l*) Mining; see 53, R2I, R33 and 24, 811 Sanitation; see S3, 7, R24 and R35. SU 5ea {folding; see >8, R6. 30 and R35. 813 Ventilation; >}-, R2J, R24, R30 and R35. S14 "Workmen's Compensation Law." R 1 Abrasive Wheel*; sec R7{ R2I, R28, R29 and A2. R 2 "Air Pressure Safety Orders." R 3 "Boiler Safety Order*." R 4 Compressed Air Machinery; see R2 and 24. R 5 Construction; see 6 and 21. U 6 "Construction, General Safety Orders." R ? "Dredges, Gold, Safety Rules for," K 8 Electrical Installations; see R7, R9, R21, R24 and A2, R 9 "Electrical Saiety Orders." K10 "Elevator Safety Orders," Rll "Engine Safety Orders." 12 Excavations; see R6 and 33. RU Explosives; see RH, R24, R28 and 35. R14 "Explosives, Storage and Use Relating to Gen eral Construction Safety Orders," 15 First Aid; see R7, R24, R25, 28 and AL 16 Floors; see K6, R7 and R29. 17 Head and Eve; see R7 and R30. R18 Ladders; see R6. R7, R25, R29, 35 and A2. R19 Laundries; see 20 and R2L 30 "Laundry Safety Orders." R21 "Lighting Safety Orders, General," 22 "Logging and Saw Mill Safety Orders." 23 "Mine Eire Control Safety Orders." 24 "Mine Safety Orders." 25 "Petroleum, General Industrial Safety Orders." R36 Plant Railways; see R22 and 30. R.27 Power Transmission Apparatus; see R7, 20, R29, R32 and 37. 38 "Quarry Safety Rules." R29 "Safety Orders, General." 830 "Shipbuilding Saiety Orders," R31 Stairway*; *ee R6, R37, R2t, 29 and 30. R32 "Steam Shovels and Locomotive Cranes, Saiety Orders." 33 "Trench Construction Safety Orders." 34 Tunnels; see 28 and 35. R35 "Tunnel Safety Rules." R36 "Window Cleaning Safety Orders." R37 "Woodworking Safety Orders." R38 Woodworking; see R21 and R37. A l "First Aid, Instruction* for Employees in In dustry." A 2 "Garages and Automobile Service Shops." A 3 "Hazard* in the Dry Cleaning Industry." A 4 "Safety Committees, Organization of." COLORADO The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writing the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Denver, Colo. * i "Loading Machines, Rules Governing the Use ot Electrically Driven, in Mines Using the Cardox Cartridge." >#R 2 "Mine Safety Standards." R 3 "Spray Painting." $ 1 Abrasive Wheel*; *ee S19 and 2, S 2 Bakery; see S10 and $14, S 3 Building Exits; see 514, $10 and 2. *S 4 "Coal Mining Laws," 1929 S 5 Cranes: see $14, S19. S4 and R2, S 6 Dust Explosions; see S4 and Rl. Electrical Installations; see S4, Rl and R2, S 8 Elevators; see SlQ and 514. 8 9 Explosives; see S19, S4, $21, 1 and 2, 510 "Factory Inspection Law, (Amended 1911 and 19191," 511 First Aid; see S4 and 2. 512 Flammable Gases; see 54 and 2. 513 Floor and Wall Openings, Railings & Toe Boards; see 514, SI9 and R2, "Labor Laws, The, Compiled for the State of Colorado," 1929. 515 Ladders; see 519 and R2. 516 Laundries; see 510 and $14, Si? Lighting; see S4 and 2. S18 Mining; see 54, Sl9, 530, S2i $22 and Rl. '*$19 "Mining Laws, Bulletin No. ", Federal and State." S30 "Mining Laws, Supplement No, to Bulletin No, 7." S21 "Mining Laws, Supplement No. 3 to Bulle tin No. ^22 "Mining Laws and Amendments to Laws, Supplement No, 4 to Bulletin No. 7," . $23 Power Control, Mechanical; see SlQ, S14 and 519. ' $24 Power Transmission Apparatus; see $10, $14 and R2. Sanitation; see $10, S14, $19 and 2. Stairways; see S10, SM and 19. Ventilation; see $4, 310, $14 and Rl. "Workmen's Compensation Law." Copies may be secured from the State Coal Mine Inspector, Denver, Colo. Copies may be secured from the Bureau of Mines, Metal), Denver, Colo. CONNECTICUT The quoted subjects listed below are the titles ot publications and can be se cured by writing the Department of Labor and Factory Inspection, Hartford, Con necticut. HI "Sanitary Code." 51 Bakeries; see $3 and SS, 52 Elevators and Escalators; see S3 and SS. 53 "Factory Inspection, Labor Laws and Regula tions Relating to the Department ot," i)ulv, 1928, issue), $4 First Aid; see S3 and $5. 55 "Labor Laws," (Revision of 1920). 56 Sanitation; see Rl, S3 and $5, S? Textile; see S3 and 55. 38 "Workmen's Compensation Law." DELAWARE The quoted subjects listed below are the titles ot publications and, except where otherwise noted, copies can be se cured by writing the Labor Commission of Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware. $L "Boiler Rules, Board of," 52 "Sanitary Law for Female Employees," 53 "Workmen's Compensation Law." Copies may be secured from the Board of Boiler Rules, Wilmington, Del. FLORIDA No regulations. GEORGIA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and may be se cured by writing the State of Georgia De partment of Commerce and Labor, At lanta, Georgia. 51 "Building Exits Laws." 52 "Laws ot the State Applying to Child Labor and Factory Inspection." 53 "Workmen's Compensation Law." IDAHO The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured bv writing the State Mine Inspector of Idaho, Boise, Idaho, SI "Mining Laws of the State of Idaho." *S2 "Workmen** Compensation Act." Copies may be secured from the Industrial Ac cident Board, Boise, Idaho. ILLINOIS The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writing the Division of Factory Inspec tion. 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. ' 51 Electrical Installations; see S2 and S3. $2 "Laws of the State of Illinois Enforced by the Department of Labor." *S3 "Mining Laws, General." 54 Sanitation; see 32 and S3. 85 Ventilation; see 52 and S3. So "Workmen's Compensation Law." Copies may be secured from the Department of Mines and Minerals, Springfield, Illinois. INDIANA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writing to the Administrative Building Council of Indiana, Indianapolis, Ind. R 1 "Explosives, Rules and Regulation* of." #E 2 "Inflammable Liquids and Gases, Rules and Regulations of." S 1 Building Exits; tee S2, $3, S10 and R2. $ 2 "Building Rules and Regulations." *S 3 "Dry Cleaning Law." S 4 Electrical Installations; see S2, S3 and S5. 8 5 "Electrical Rules and Regulations." 5 6 Elevators; see S2, S5 and $10. S " Explosives; see SU and Rl, March, 1930 23 S 8 Floor and Wall Openings; see $2 and StO. S 9 Garages; see So and K2. *$10 "Laws, Industrial Board of Indiana." SI I Lighting; see S5, SI2 and R2. ***S12 "Mining Laws of Indiana," SU "Plumbing Rules and Regulations." S14 Sanitation; see S3, SIO, $13 and SU. $15 Stairways; S3, S10 and SI', $16 Ventilation; see $2, $3, Si 2, $13 and R3, 517 "Workmen's Compensation Law/1 `Copies may be secured from the Fire Marshall Department, Indianapolis, Ind. `Copies may be secured trom the Industrial Board of Indiana, Indianapolis, Ind. $ `Copies may be secured trom the Inspector of Mines and Mining, care industrial Board of In diana, Indianapolis, Ind, IOWA The quoted subjects listed below arc the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, copies can be se cured by writing the State of Iowa Bu reau of Labor, Des Moines, Iowa. $1 "Elevator Law, Passenger and Freight." $2 "Fire Escape Law." S3 "Health and Safety Appliances Laws." *S4 "Mining Law." 55 "Plumbing Code." 56 Sanitation; see S3 and SS. 57 Stairways; see S2, S4 and S5. 58 Ventilation; see S4 and 55. 59 "Workmen's Compensation Law." Copies may be secured from the Office of In spector of Mines, Des Moines, iowa. KANSAS The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writing to the Commission of Labor and Industry, Topeka, Kans. S 1 Boilers; see R2 and S9. S 2 Building Exits; see S? and R2. S 3 Cranes; see $9 and R2, SS$' 4S6 Dust Explosions; see S9 and R2. Elevators; see S? and Ri, Explosives; see $7, S9 and R2. $S 87 "Labor Laws oi Kansas." Mining; see $7 and $9. *$S190 su "Mining Laws of Kansas." Power Control, Mechanical; see S7 and R2. Sanitation; see S9, R2 and R5, 512 Stairways; see S7 and R2. $13 Ventilation; see S9, R2, and RS. S14 "Workmen's Compensation Law." **R 1 "Dry Cleaning Establishments, Rules and Regulations for." R 2 "Kansas Statute* Governing Inspectors." R 3 Laundry; see R2 and R5, R 4 Lighting; see R2 and R5. ***R 5 "Women Workers in Kansas." 'Copies may be secured from the Mine Inspection Department, Commission of Labor and Industry, Pittsburg, Kansas. Copies may be secured from the Department of State Fire Marshal, Topeka, Kansas. ^Copies may be secured from the Public Service Commission of Kansas, Topeka, Kansas. KENTUCKY The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, copies can be se cured by writing the Department of Labor, Louisville, Ky. A 1 "Industrial Housekeeping." R 1 Boilers; see R4 and AL R 2 Spray Coating; see R4 and Al. R 3 Stairways; see R4 and Al. *R 4 "Standards of Safety." **S 1 "Board of Health, State of Ky., Bulletin of." S 2 Cranes; see $11 and Al. $ 3 Dust Explosions; see SI and _R4. S 4 Electrical Installations; see 511, R4 and Al. 5 5 Exhaust Systems; see S9 and Al. S 6 Explosives; see Sll, R4 and Al. S 7 First Aid; see S9, Sll and Al, S 8 Flammable Liquids; see Sll, R4 and Al. .$ 9 "Laws and Rules of Interest and Pertaining to Children- Labor -Safety Industry," S10 Lighting; see S9, R4 and AL ***Sll "Mining Laws." 512 Sanitation; see 51, S9 and Al. 513 Ventilation; see 59. Sll, R4 and Al, 514 "Workmen's Compensation Law." *Copies may be secured from the Auditor's Office, Department of Fire Prevention and Rates, Frank fort, Ky. Copies may be secured from the Board of Health of Kentucky, Louisville, Ky. Copies may be secured from the Chief Inspector oi Mines, Lexington, Ky. LOUISIANA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Commissioner of Labor and Industrial Statistics, New Orleans, La. Si "Labor Laws of the State of Louisiana." Si "Workmen's Compensation Law." MAINE The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Commissioner of Labor and Industry, Augusta, Me. 51 "Labor Laws of Maine.'' 4 52 "Safety Code and Rules for Inductive Coordina tion ot Communication and Supply Lines." 53 "Workmen's Compensation Law." MARYLAND The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, copies can be se cured by writing the Commissioner of Labor and Satisfies, Baltimore, Md. SI Boiler,; see S3 and S3. $2 Electrical Installations; see S3 and S5. 53 "Labor Laws." 54 Mining; see S3 and S5. *S5 "Mining Laws." So Sanitation; see S3 and 55. Copies may be secured from the Maryland Bureau of Mines, Baltimore, Md. MASSACHUSETTS The quoted subjects listed below are the tiles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writ ing the Department of Labor and Indus tries, Division of Industrial Safety, Bos ton, Mass. S I Abrasive Wheels; see SIO and R17. S 2 Boilers; see S3, SS and R3. *S 3 "Boilers, Law Relative to Inspection of Steam," S 4 "Buildings Which Are Subject to the Provi sions of Chapter 143, General Laws, The In spection of." SS 65 "Engineers and Firemen, Licenses of," Exhaust Systems; see S9 and R21. 5 7 Explosives; see S9 R9, R16 and R18. S 8 First Aid; see S9, R6 and R15. S 9 "Health and Safety to Employees." SiO "Laws Relating to the Work of the Division of Industrial Safety." Stl Lighting; see S4, S9, SIO, R4, RI4, R17, R21, $12 R23, R24, R27, R29 and R36. Painting; see SIO and R32. 513 Sanitation; see S9, S4, SIO, R2, R7, R15, R2I and R36. 514 Ventilation; see S4, S9, $10, R6, R15, R21 and R.36. SI5 "Workmen's Compensation Law." *RR 21 "Air-Tank Regulations." "Anthrax, Rules and Regulations Suggested for the Prevention of." `R 3 "Boilers and Tanks, Massachusetts Stand ard." R 4 "Building Operations, Rules and Regulations for the Prevention of Accidents in." R 5 "Buildings, Erection, Alteration, Inspection and Use ot." R 6 "Care of Employees Injured or Taken IU in Industrial Establishments, Requirements tor the." ^ R 7 "Common Drinking Cup and Common Towel in Factories, Etc., Rules and Regulations for." R 8 Compressed Air Machinery; see Rl, RJ and R9. K 9 "Compressed Air Work, Rules and Regula tions Governing." *R10 "Compressor Safety Valve Rules, Ammonia." RU "Conserving Children in the Industries of Massachusetts. R!2 Cranes; see R4 and R14. R13 Electrical Installations; see R4 and R27. `R14 "Elevator and Escalator Regulations." R15 "Explosives, Rules and Regulations Suggested for Safety in the Manufacture of Benzene Derivitives, and." *RI6 "Explosives, Rules and Regulations Govern ing the Keeping, Storage, Etc." R17 "Eyes, Protection of, and the Prevention of Accidents." R18 "Fireworks. Keeping, Storage, Transporta tion, Manufacture, Sale and Use of." R19 Flammable Liquids; see R15, R23, R24, R26 and R29, R20 Floors; see R4, R14, R21 and R2t. R21 "toundries, Safe and Sanitary Working Con ditions in, and the Employment of Women in Core Rooms." R22 Garages; see R23 and R24. R23 "Garages, Rules and Regulations Governing the Construction of, Etc." (These regula tions apply only outside of the Metropolitan Fire Prevention District.) `R34 `Garages, Rules and Regulations Governing the Construction of. Etc." (These regula tions apply only in the Metropolitan District.) K25 Ladders; see R4, R9, R28 and R30. *R26 "Light Fuel Oil Burners, Rules and Regula tions Governing." R27 "Lighting Code for Factories, Workshops, Manufacturing, Mechanical and Mercantile Establishments." R2S "Machinery Standards, Safety Rules and Regulations and." R29 "Oil. Prohibiting the Discharge ot Into or On the Waters of the Commonwealth, and Gov erning the Transportation or Handling ami Delivery of." R30 "Painting Business, Revised Rules and Regu lations Pertaining to the." R31 Power Control, Electrical; see R14 and R28 . R32 "Power Press Tools, Rules and Regulations for Safeguarding." R,33 Scaffolds; see R4 and R30. R34 Stairways; see R4, R21 and R28. R35 "Tank or Containers, Construction, Use and Maintenance of." R36 "Toilets, Rules and Regulations for, in Indus trial Establishments." RJ7 "Woodworking, Rules and Regulations for Safeguarding Machinery." Copies may be secured from the Department of Public Safety, Boston, Mass. MICHIGAN The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Department of Labor and Industry, Lansing, Mich, SI "Boiler Rules, Board of." $2 "Coal Mines, Regulation Operations of." 53 Dry Cleaning; see S8 and R3, 54 Electrical Installations; see S2 and R3. 55 Garages; see S8 and RJ. So "Labor Laws." S? Stairways; see S4 and Rl. 58 "Ventilation." (Act 46 and Act Xo. 183); see $2 and R3. 59 "Workmen's Compensation Act." Rl "Fire Escapes, Uniform Specifications and Regulations for." R2 "Laundries, Machinery and Operations. Rules and Standards for." R3 "Spray Coating, Etc., Rules and Standards on." MINNESOTA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles o{ publications and can be se cured by writing the Industrial Com mission of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. R 1 "Exhaust System* for Buffing or Emery Wheels, Minimum Requirements Governing the Installation." R 2 "Garages, Carbon Monoxide Gas In." R 3 "Refrigerating Plants, Safety Regulations for." S 1 Abrasive Wheels; see Sll and RL S 2 Boilers; see Sll and Al. S 3 Cranes; see $11 and S17. 5 4 Electrical Installations; see Sll and Al. 5 S Elevators; see Sll, S19 and Al. S 6 Exhaust Systems; see Sll and RL 5 7 Floor and Wail Openings, Railing and Toe Boards; see Sll and AL S 8 Foundries; see Sll and S19. S 9 Head and Eye Protection; see Sll and $19. $10 Labor Laws; see Sll, 519 and Al. 511 "Labor Laws, Revised, 1929." 512 Lighting; see Sll, S19 and Al. 513 "Metal Polishing Plants, Safety Code Apply ing to Operations of Electroplating, Tinning, and." $14 Mining; see Sll and AL S15 Power Control, Electrical; see Sll, S13, S17, S19 and Al. $16 Power Control, Mechanical; see SU and S19. 517 "Power Driven Machinery, Standard Require ments for Guarding (Sold and Offered for Sale in Minnesota)." $18 Power Transmission Apparatus; see SI3, S17 and AL S19 "Safeguarding of Machinery and Dangerous Conditions ot Employment and Protection in Case of Fire." $20 Sanitation; see Sll, S13, S19 and AL $21 Scaffolding and Staging; see Sll and S19. S22 Stairways; see Sll and AL $23 Ventilation; see Sll, S19, R2 and A1, $34 Woodworking; see S17 and Al. $25 "Workmen's Compensation Law." 24 XATIOXAL SAFETV XEll'S MISSISSIPPI The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing to the Department of Factory inspection. Jackson, Miss. Si "Factory Inspection: I ei/.ii 'L-tu,*e yi." MISSOURI The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, copies can be secured by writing the Missouri Workmen's Com pensation, Jefferson, City, Mo. S l Abrasive Wheels; see 36 and 37:--3ec, 6786, page 2138, Stat. 1929. ^ S 2 Boilers; see So and 57*.--Sec. 6851, page 2152. S i Building Exits; see So and S";--Sec, 6/91, Page 2140; Sec. 6790, Page 2140. S 4 Dust Explosions, Prevention oi; see So and S?;~-Sec 6826. Page 2146; Sec. 6798, Page 2141; See. 6840, Page 2150. S 5 Explosives, Common Use oi; see S6 and 57:-" Sec. 6/93, Page 2141, *S 6 "Mining Laws, General (1927b" S 7 "Missouri Statutes." S 8 Sanitation, Industrial; see 3-6 and 37;---See. 6823, Page 2146; Sec, 6801, Page 1142; Sec. . 6800. Page 2141; Sec. 6794, Page 2141,, 5 9 Scaffolds and Staging; see So and 87;--Sec. 6802, Page 2142. S1G Woodworking Plants; see 56 and 37;--1919 Stat., Sec. 6787, Page 2139, **Sll "Workmen's Compensation Law.** `Copies may be secured from the Bureau oi Mines, Joplin. Mo. `Copies may be secured from the Department ot Labor and Industrial Inspection, Jefferson City, Mo, MONTANA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, copies can be secured by writing: the Industrial Accident Board, Helena, Mont. SI Explosives; see 32 and S6. *S2 "Fire Marshal and Matters Pertaining to Fire Regulations for Public Safety, Duties and Powers of," (1927), S3 "Laws Affecting Women in Industry Admin istered by the State Department of Agricul ture, Division of Labor, Helena, Montana." *S4 "Laws of the State of Montana;" Supplement to the State Fire Marshal Laws ot 1927. *S5 "Oil and Gas on State and Private Lands in Montana, Operating Regulations to Govern 56 "Safety Provisi.ons of Workmen** Compensa tion Act Operations and Inspection of Quart* Mines, Coal Mines, Stationary Boilers, Ex* amining and Licensing Engineers," 57 Stairways; see Sl and S6. 58 "Workmen's Compensation Act of the State of Montana." Copies may be secured from the State Auditor and Fire Marshal, Helena, Montana. `Copies may be secured from the Board of Rail road Commissioners, Helena, Montana. NEBRASKA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles ot publications and can be se cured by writing the Bureau of Compen sation, Lincoln, Xeb. 51 "Labor Laws." 52 "Workmen's Compensation Law." NEVADA The quoted subjects listed below ,jre titles of publications, and except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writing the Commissioner of Labor, Carson City, Nev. ' S 1 Boilers; see S8 and SIL S 2 Cranes; see S8, Si3 and Rl, S 3 Dust Explosions, Prevention of; see S8 and SU. , ' S 4 Electrical Installation; see SS and Rl. S 5 Explosives; see Sll and SR, S 6 Gas Masks; see 38 and Sll. S 7 Labor Camps; see S8 and R2. S 8 "Labor Laws, 1925." S 9 "Labor Laws, Supplement, 1925." S10 Tedders; see S8 and Rl, *Sll "Mines, Laws Relating to the Inspector of." SU Mining; see 58, S9, SU and SU. **3U "Mining la*, Mate and t euerai," **S14 "Nevada Industrial Insurance Act-" SlS Sanitation; see 38, SU and R2. M6 Smelting Ure; *ee ,38 and 39. S|? Ventilation; *ee 58 anu Sll. SIR "Workmen's Compensation Law." ***R 1 "General Safety Orders.1' R 2 "Labor Camps. Rules tor " Copies may be secured from the Inspector of Mines. Carson City, Nevada. . _ ##Copies mat be secured from the Secretary of the State. Carson City, Nevada, Copies may be secured from the Nevada In dustrial Commission, Carson City, Nevada. Copies may be secured from the State Board of Health, Carson City, Nevada, NEW HAMPSHIRE The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Bureau of Labor, Concord, X H. SI Building Exits; see 32 and 34. 32 "Factory Inspection Standards, Bureau of Labor," Nos, t-18, Inc. Si Labor Laws; see 54 and 36. 54 "Labor Laws.T 55 Lighting; see 52, S4 and 36. So "Safety and Health of Employees, Chapter 177, Public Health Law* of New Hampshire, 1926," $7 Sanitation; see 52 ami 36. SIS "Workmen** Compensation Law." NEW JERSEY The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Department of Labor, Trenton, N, j, 5. 1 Boiler*; see S2 and 313. 3 2 "Boiler Code," 5 2 Building Exits; see SU, Rl I, R19 and RU, 3 4 Dust Explosions; see SU, SI9 and R19. S 5 Elevators; see SU, R6, R7 and R8, S 6 Exhaust Systems; see SU, R2, R9, R13, R15 and R26. S 7 Explosive*; see 53, S13 and S19, 8 8 "Explosive*, an Act Relating to the Manu facturing, Keeping, Storage, Transportation and Sale of." 5 9 First Aid; see 312, S13, S19 and R25. 510 Flammable Gases; see 519, R3 and RU. 511 Foundries; see SU, S23 and SU. SU "Foundry Law." SU Labor Liws; see SU and S23. 314 "Labor Laws," .315 Lead Poisoning and Other Occupational Diseases, Etc." 316 Lead; see Si3, SIS and R16. 317 Lighting; see SU. 513, S19 RU and R17. 518 Mine*; *ee Si3, 319 and S23. 319 Mine*, Bureau of, Law*,'* 520 Potteries; see SIS and R26. 321 Sanitation; see S12, SU, SIS, $19, 323, R3, R9, RU, RI6, R19 and R26. $22 Ventilation; see S12, S19, R15 and R26. 523 "Women and Children, Labor Laws Govern- 524 ``Workmen'* Compensation Law." R l Abrasive Wheel*; see R2 and R36. R 2 "Abrasive Wheel*, Safety Standard*." R 3 "Aniline, Instruction* tor the Inspection of Plants." R 4 Chemicals; see R3, R6 and R19. E 5 Electrical installations; see R6 and RU. R 6 "Electrical Safety Rules," R 7 "Elevators, Passenger. Etc." R 8 "Elevator*, Standard Specifications for," R 9 "Felt Hatting industry, Sanitary Standards for." _ RID "Fire Alarm bigrtal Systems." RU "Fire Towers, FireEscapes, Etc. RU Flammable Liquids; see RU and R19. R13 "Lacquers, Shellacs, Enamels, and Japans, the Cse of." RI4 Laundries; see RIS and R26. RI5 "Laundry Machinery and Operations, Safety Code for." R16 "Lead Corroder* and Lead Oxidizers, Safety Standards for, Etc." * R17 Lighting Factories. Mills andOther Places, Code of." R18 "Lithophone, Sanitary and Industrial Stand ard*, Etc." , R19 "Nitro and Amido Compounds, Safety Stand-' ard* for." R20 Power Control, Mechanical; see R22 and R24. R21 "Power Presses and Foot and Hand Presses. Safety Code ior," R22 "Power Transmission Apparatus, Safeguard ing of Mechanical," R23 Rubber Machinery; see R24 and R26 R24 "Rubber Mills and Calenders." R2S "Safety Education, Standards for the Promo tion of." R2t "Sanitary and Engineering Industrial Stand ards." R27 Woodworking; see RJ6 and R28. R2$ "Woodworking Plants, Safety Code for," NEW MEXICO The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the State Inspector of Mines, Gallup, X, M. 51 "Mining Laws of New Mexico," S3 "Workmen's Compensation Law," NEW YORK The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Department of Labor, 124 East 28th Street, New York, N. Y. $ l Bakeries; see 39, R5 and R21. 5 2 Boilers; see 59, R7, R8, R14 and R215 3 Building Exits; see 59, R!4. K19, R24, R26 and R36. ` 5 4 CQmPress*d Air; see 59 and RU. 5 i Cranes; see 59. R8, K20, R4U and R48, S 6 Elevators; see 39, R8, R20, R24 and R39. 5 7 Explosive*; see S9, RU, R4Q and R48. $ 8 Foundries; see 59, R21 and R3I. 5 9 "Labor Laws." StO Ladders; see 59, R8, R40 and R48, 511 Laundries; see 59, R21 and R33. SU Lighting; see S9, R8, RU, R14, R21, R2>, R31, RU, R39, R40, R41 and R48. 513 Mines; see 39 and R40. 514 Quarries; see S9 ami R40315 Sanitation; see 39, R3, R5. R6. RS. RIO, R12. R14, R22, Ril, R33, R35, R37, R40, R42, R44, R45 and R48, 316 Scaffolding; see 39 and R8, 517 Tunnels; see 39, RU and R48. 518 Ventilation; see 59, R5, R12. R14, R16, R22. R33, R40, R44 and R48. 519 "Workmen's Compensation Act.** R 1 Abrasive Wheels; see R16 and R49. R 2 "Anthrax, How to Avoid It," R 3 "Arsenic, For Workers in." R 4 "Automatic Sprinkler Systems." R 5 "Bakeries and Confectioneries." R 6 "Benzol, For Workers in." R 7 "Boilers, Installation of." R 8 "Buildings, the Erection, Repair, or Demoli tion of.*' R 9 "Canneries, Rule* Relating to Employment of Women." R10 "Cannery Labor Camps." Rll "Chromic Acid and Its Salts for Workers in." R12 "Compressed Air, Work in and Tunnel Con struction Work." RU Conveyors; see R14 and R39, R14 "Dry Dyemg Plants and Dry Cleaning Plants," R15 Du*t Explosions, Prevention ot; see R16 and R39, R16 "Dust Gases and Fumes, Removal of." R17 Electrical Installations; see R14, R20. R23, R33, R39, R40, R4i and R48. R18 Exhaust Systems; see R6, Rll, R14, R16, KJ1. R37, R39 and R44. R19 "Exits, the Enclosure of Interior Stairways." R2G "Factories and Mercantile Establishments, Construction, Guarding, Equipment, Etc." R2t "Factories and Mercantile Establishments, Lighting of." R22 `'Factories and Mercantile Establishments, Sanitation of." R2J "Fire Alarm Signal Systems." R34 "Fire Drills." R25 "Fire Escapes, Existing." R26 "Fire Escapes. Etc.. Specifications of." R27 "Fireproof and Fire Resisting Materials," R28 First Aid; see R14, R22, R31, R33, R41, R45 and R48. R29 Flammable Liquids; see RI4, R40 and R48. R.30 Floor and Wall Openings, Railings and Toe Boards; see R8 and R49. R31 "Foundries, Equipment, Maintenance, Sanita tion, Etc." R32 Gas Masks; see R2, R3, Rll, R35, RJ7 and R42. R33 "Laundries, Construction, Equipment, Etc." R34 f.^ad; see RI6 and R35. R35 "Lead and Antomony, For Workers in," R36 "Mercantile Establishments. Construction, Equipment, Arrangement, Etc." R37 "Mercury, For Workers in." R38 Milling; see R21 and R39. R39 "Milling Industry and Malt House Elevators," R40 "Mines and Quarries." R41 "Needle Trade, Arrangements and Guarding of Sewing Machines, Etc." R42 "Painters, How to Avoid Lead Poisoning." R4J Power Transmission Apparatus; see R41 and R49. R44 "Printers, How to Avoid Lead Poisoning." R45 "Sanitary Material, List of Approved." R46 "Smoking in Protected Portion of Factories and Special Classes of Occupances, Rules Per taining to," March. W30 H47 Stairways; cee l\`C R19, K'O ind Rf8, K48 "Tunnel Construction." K49 "Vats, Pans and Elevated Runways, Guarding of Machinery.'' R50 Woodworking; -,ee R21 and R49. R51 "Wood Alcohol and Demme*, For Workers m." t NORTH CAROLINA The 'luoted subjects listed below Ate the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Department or Labor and Printing, Raleigh, X, C. 51 "Labor Laws of North Carolina 52 "Workmen s Compensation Act.'* NORTH DAKOTA The quoted subjects listed below afe the titles of publications and can be secured by writing the Department of Agriculture and Labor, Bismarck, X. D. 51 "Construction Work," Article 2 A, Chapter 42 No. 1, Laws of 1921. 52 "Doorways in Public Buildings," Chapter 54, Laws of 1905, 53 "Labor Laws." Chapter i"4, Laws of 1918, 54 "Mining," Chapter log, Laws ot 1919. 55 "Workmen's Compensation Law." OHIO The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and. except where otherwise specified, can be secured by writing the Industrial Commission ut Ohio, Columbus, Ohio. $ 1 Boilers; see S5, 14, R9 and AL 5 2 Building Exits; see S5, R9 and R1L Electrical Installations; see S5 and AL 5 4 "Explosive Law." 5 S "Factories, Mercantile and Office Buildings, Workshops," (August, 1927). S 6 Floors; see SI4, R3, R9 and AL S 7 Ladders; see S14, R3, R2fl and AL S 8 Lighting; see S5. R9 and AL *S 9 "Plumbing Code." 510 Power Transmission Apparatus; see H14, R9 and AL 511 Sanitation; see S5, S9, R9, R12 and AL 512 Stairways; see S3, S10, R3, R9 and Al. 513 Ventilation; see S3, R9, R20 and Al, 514 "Workshops and Factories, General Safety Standards for," <1924 issuei. 515 "Workmen's Compensation Law." A 1 "Accident Prevention and First Aid Sugges tions." A 2 "Rubber Industry, Recommendations for Ac cident Prevention in the." A 3 "Safety Organization." A 4 Safety Organization; see Al and A3. R 1 Abrasive Wheels; see R2, HIS and AL R 2 "Blowers and Exhausters." K 3 "Building and Construction Work." R 4 Cranes; see R5, R9 and Al, R 5 "Cranes, General Safety Precautions for Traveling." R 6 "Dry Cleaning and Dyeing Establishments." R 7 Elevators; see R8, R9. R20 and Al. R 8 "Elevators." R 9 "Factories, Laws Governing and Building Inspection." RIO Fire Drills; see R9 and RI1. RI1 "Fire Drills in Factories and Lofts, Specific Requirements for Conducting." R12 "Foundries and Core Rooms, Specific Re quirements in." R13 "Laundries." R14 "Metal Working Machinery, Specific Require ments for." R16 "Potteries, Specific Requirements for," R17 Power, Foot and Hand Presses; see R14 and Al. _ R18 "Refrigerating Svstems, Tentative Specific Requirements Covering the Installation, Maintenance and Operation of Pressure Pip ing." RJ9 .Scaffolding; see K3 and R9 R20 "Standard Devices " R2! "Steel Mills Specific Requirements for." R22 "Woodworking Machinery." `Copies may be secured trom the Department ot Health, Columbus, Ohio. OKLAHOMA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, copies can be secured by writing the Department ot Lahor, Oklahoma City, Okla. S 1 Bakeri,,; see S9 and R7, 5 2 Boilers; see S3, 59 and R", S 3 "Boiler Construction Code." 5 4 Building Exits; 4ee Sv, R4 and R9, 5 2 f rancs; ?ee SI2, R4 and R9, Mi Electrical Installations; see 512, RL R4 and R9. 5 r Elevators; see 59. Rl and K7. 5 8 First Ani; see 552, R4 and R9, 5 V "Labor Laws,1' 510 Ladders; see 512, R4 and R9, 511 Lighting; see S9, R7 and R9, *512 "Mining Laws, Oklahoma." >U Sanitation; see 59 ami S12. 514 Scaffolding; see 59 and R4, 515 Stairways; see 59, R4. R7 and R9, 516 Ventilation; see 59, b!2 and K3, 517 "Workmen s Compensation Law." R l "Elevator Safety Code." K 2 Engines; see R3 and R9, R 3 "Factory Inspection, Bureau of, Bulletin No. r a. ' ' R 4 "Factory Inspector, Compliance with Orders of the." R 5 Floor and Wall Opening; see R3 and R4. R 6 Head and Eye Protection; see RJ, R4 and R9. R 7 "Lighting of Factories and Mercantile Estab- Hshfents, Industrial Code Rules Relating to." R 8 Oil Drilling; see R4 and R9, R 9 "Petroleum Safety Standards, Bulletin No. II-A." RIO Power Transmission Apparatus; see R3 and R9, `Copies may be secured from the Department of Mines, Oklahoma City, Okla. OREGON The quoted subjects listed below arc the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writ ing the Oregon Bureau of Labor, Salem, Ore-. 5 l Boilers; see S5, Rl and R8, S -2 Electrical Installations; see S4, $S, R3, R4 and R8. S i Elevators; see 54, R3 and R8. S 4 "Factory Inspection Law," S S "Labor Laws, Handy References to Ore- gon. 1929. S 6 Lighting; see SS and R8. S 7 Logging; see SS and R12. *SR 81 "Workmen's Compensation Law." "Boiler Safety Orders," R 2 Compressed Air Machinery; see R9 and RIO. R 3 "Electrical Code." *R 4 "Fire Marshal, State Department ot, (An- nuai Report, 1929)." RR 6$ Flammable Liquids; see R3 and R4. Garages; see R3 and R4. R 7 "Health, State Board of Regulations." R 8 "Industrial Lighting in Places of Employ, ment. Code Governing." "Power Transmission Apparatus, Mechani cal, Safety Standards for. * *R10 "Pressure Vessels, Rules for the Construc tion of Unfired." Rll Sanitation; see R7 and R8. R12 "Wood Saws, Portable Circular Power Driven," Copies may be secured from the State Industrial Accident Commission, Salem, Oregon. Copies may be secured from the State Depart ment of Fire Marshal, Salem, Oregon. Copies may be secured from the State Board of Health, Salem, Oregon, PENNSYLVANIA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writ ing the Department of Labor and Indus try, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pa. & ! Bakeries; sec SI6 and ILL S 2 Boilers; see Sll; S16: S2G: S21; R3; and R12, S 3 Budding Exits; see SU; R19; and R2I. S 4 Compressed Air Machinery; see S16; R8; R35; R48; and R56. S 5 Cranes; see SJ9; S2I; RIO; R12; R15; R3S; R46; R51; and R56. S 6 Dust Explosions; see S21; R6; R31; R36. S 7 Electrical Installations; see S16; S21; R12; R14; R48; R52; and R56. S 8 Elevators; see Sll; S16; R6: R15: R31. S 9 Exhaust Systems see Sll; S16; Rl; R6; R21; . RJO; R32; R44; R52; R54. 510 Explosives; see S2I; R13; R18; R19; R35; . S20; R46; and R56. 511 "Factory Laws. General." 512 First Aid; see S20; S21; RIO; R19; R35; R36; R46; RSI; and R56. 5..13 BF4la8,mmable Gases; see S20; S21; R19; R35; 514 Floor and Wall Openings; Railings and Toe Boards; see 520; RIO; R19; R36; R47; and R5I. 515 Foundries; see Sio; R21; and R31. 5 in Administered by the Dept, of l.abor and Industry," 517 Lead; see $16; RJO; and R52. 518 Lighting; see S16; S21; R2; R6; R12; R19; R21; R31; R40; R44; R48; R49; and Rj6. 519 Mining; see S20; Sil; R18; and R35. `530 "Mining, Anthracite." s.Jl "Mining, Bituminous." Plant Railways; see 5 Ar; 521; and R3S. Power Control, Mechanical; see Sll; 516; and R40; R41. 524 Sanitation; see S16; S20; S21; R2; R5; RIO;; R1.3; R19; R2L; RJO; R35; R36; R44; R49; R51; R52; R56; R58; R2S. Stairwavs; see S3); S21; RIO; R3I; R51; and S26 R56, Ventilation; see 520, S21, R2, R4. RS, Rl9, R21, R25. R29, R35. R37, R49. R54 and R56. "Workmen's Compensation Law." R 1 "Abrasive and Polishing Wheels, Regulations for." R 2 "Bakeries, Regulations tor." R 3 "Boilers, Regulations for." R 4 "Brewing and Bottling, Regulations for." R S "Canneries. Regulations for," R 6 "Cereal Mills, Malthouses and Grain Elevat ors, Regulations for." R 1 Chemicals; see R19, R36 and R54, . R 8 "Compressed Air Apparatus. Regulations tor." R V Construction; see RIO, R31 and R56. RIO "Construction and Repairs. Regulations for." RR1l2l Conveyors; see RJO, K32 and l<48. "Cranes and Hoists, Regulations for," RJ3 "Dry Color Industry, Regulations for." RR1IS4 "Electrical Safety Regulations." "Elevators, Escalators, Dumbwaiters and Hoists, Regulations tor." R16 Engines; see R17 and R46. R17 "Engines, Stationary, Regulations for," R18 "Explosives, Handling. Storing and L"e nr tn Pits, Quarries and Mines other than OaI Mines." RI9 "Explosives, Regulations for Plants Manufac turing or Using." R20 Flammable Liquids; see R35, K36, R48 and R21 R52. "Foundries, Regulations for " R22 Gas Masks; see R24 and R52. R23 Head and Eye Protection; see R24, R46 and R48. R24 "Head and Eye Protection, Regulations." R2 "Labor Camps, Regulations for." R26 Ladders; see R4, RIO, R26, R31, R32, R46, R51, K56 and R57. R27 "Ladders, Regulations for." R28 Laundries; see R29 and R3L R29 "La.undrtes, Regulations for." R30 "Lead Corroding and Lead Oxidizing." R31 "Lighting, Industrial, Regulations for," R32 "Logging, Sawmill, Woodworking, Veneer and Cooperage Operations, Regulations for," R33 "Machine Tools, Regulation* for." R34 Milling; see R6 and K31. RJ5 "Mines Other Than Coal Mines " "Nitro and Amido Compounds, Reeulations and Suggested Practices for the Manufacture of." R37 "Paint Grinding, Regulations for." 838 "Plant Railways, Regulations for." Power Control, Electrical; see R15, R40 and R41. R40 "Power, Foot and Hand Cold Metal Presses," R41 "Power Transmission Apparatus, Mechanical." R42 Power Transmission Apparatus; see RJl, R33, R41 and R54. R43 Printing; see RJl and R44. R44 "Printing, Allied Industries, Regulations for." R4S Quarries; see R18 and R46. R46 "Quarries, for Pits and." R47 "Railings, Toe Boards, Opensided Floors. E^at/orms and Runways, Regulations for." R48 "Safe Practices Recommendations." R49 "Sanitation, Industrial Regulations far." R50 Scaffolds; see RIO, R51 and R57. R51 "Scaffolds, Regulations for." R52 "Spray Coating." R53 Textile; sec RJl and R54. R54 "Textile Industry, Rules Affecting." R5S Tunnels; see R46 and R56. RS6 "Tunnel Construction and Work in Com pressed Air." RS7 "Window Cleaning." RS8 "Women, Regulations Affecting Employment of." `Copies may he secured from the Department of Mines, Harrisburg, Pa. RHODE ISLAND The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise indicated, can be secured by writing the Office of Factory Inspectors, State House, Providence, R. I. SI "Factory Inspection Law." *S2 "Workmen's Compensation Law." `Copies may be secured from the Commissioner of Labor, Providence, Rhode Island. 26 XATtOXAL SAFETY XEIVS SOUTH CAROLINA VERMONT ing- the Commissioner of Labor and Sta The quoted subjects listed below .ire The quoted subjects listed below are tistics, Cheyenne, Wvo. the titles of publications and can be se the titles of publications and can be se St Building Exits; see Si and $5. cured by writing the Department of Agri culture, Commerce, and Industries, Co lumbia, S. C. St "Labor Laws ( March I *, I9JS)." cured by writing the Office of the Com missioner of Industries, Montpelier, Vt. St "Labor Laws." VIRGINIA "Fire Escape Law," $3 "Labor and Statistics, Creating Office of, (Act - if 1917)," *54 "Mining Laws." Stairways; see Si and S3. . cb "Workmen's Compensation Law." SOUTH DAKOTA The quoted subjects listed below are *Cjpies may be secured from the Office oi the State Geologist, Cheyenne, Wyo. The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se the titles of publications and can- be se cured by writing the Commonwealth of A CKXOli'L EDGMEX T cured by writing the Industrial Commis Virginia Department of Labor and Indus sioner, Pierre, S. D, try, Richmond, Va. This publication was prepared by R. 51 "Workmen's Compensation Law." t "Labor Laws oi the Commonwealth of Virginia." If, Ferguson, safety engineer on the $2 "Workmen's Compensation Law." staff of the Xational Safety Council. TENNESSEE The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writ ing the Department of Labor, Nashville, Tenn. S 1 Bakeries; see S? and R12, S 2 Cranes; see $11 and RI2. S .3 Exhaust; see $7 and R9, S 4 First Aid; see Sll and R12. S S Flammable Gases; see Sll and R12. 5 6 Flammable Liquids; see Sll and R12. S 7 "Labor Laws." S 8 Laundries; see S? and R12, S 9 Lighting see $7, Sll, R4 and R12. SIQ Mining; see $7 and Sll. *SH "Mining in Tennessee, Laws Governing the Regulations of." 512 .Sanitation; see $?, Sll, R4 and R12. 513 Ventilation; see S7, $11, R2 and R4. $14 "Workmen's Compensation Law." R 1 Electrical Installations; see R2 and R12. WASHINGTON The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia, Wash. I Boilers; see Stl and RL S 2 Cranes; see S4 and Rl. s 3 Dust Explosions; see Sll and RL S 4 "Electric Construction, Rules inr" S s Electrical Installations; see S4, Sll and Rl. S 6 Elevators; see S4, $9 and Rl. $ 7 Explosives; see $U and Rl. 5. 8 First Aid; see $11 and RL $ 9 "Labor Laws." $10 Lighting; see Sll and RL 511 "Mining Laws, Coal" 512 Mining; see $11 and RL $U Saietv Organisation: see $11 and RL $14 Ventilation; see $9, $11 and Rl. $15 "Workmen's Compensation Law." R t "Safety Standards." Officials of each state reviewed the material for their particular jurisdic tions. The pamphlet was reviewed by the Safe Practices Conference Com mittee and approved by the Executive Committee. Bureau Offers Fellowship in Home Safety A GRADUATE fellowship at /TL $1000 is offered for the academic year 1930-31 by the Xa tional Bureau of Casualty and *R 2 "Fire Prevention Rules and Regulations, Department oL" R 3 Floors; see R7, R8, R12 and R15. R 4 "Foundry Bath, Regulation! for Toilets, Washrooms, and." R S Head and Eye Protection; see R8, R9 and WEST VIRGINIA The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by -writ ing the Bureau of Labor, Charleston, W. Surety Underwriters for a study of home safety as an index of good home management. Although the home is responsible for one quarter R 6 Ladders; see R7 and R8, R 7 "Machinery Standards, Safety Rule* and Regulations." R 8 "Metal Machinery, Specific Requirements Covering the Operation of." Va, SJ Cranes; see S4 and S. $.2 "Factory Inspection and (.mid Labor Law." S3 First Aid; see $4 and $6, of the annual toll of 100,000 acciden tal deaths in the United States, no work has been done so far in this R 9 "Polishing and Grinding Machines. Specific Requirements Covering." RIO Power, Foot and Hand Presses; see R8 and R12. Rll Power Transmission Apparatus; see R7, R8 and R12.. R12 "Safety Standards, Handbook of Industrial." RU Stairways; see R7 and R12. R14 Woodworking; see 1112 and R15. R1S "Woodworking Machinery, Specific Require* ments Covering the Operation of." Copies may be secured from the Mining Depart* ment, Nashville, Tenn. $4 "Labor Laws, Amendment 1929." S3 Labor Laws; see $2 and S4. Sd "Mining Law." S? "Workmen's Compensation Law." Copies may be secured from the Department of Mines, Charleston, W,, Va, WISCONSIN The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Industrial Commis field that is comparable with that done in the industrial and traffic fields. Studies of industry and traf fic indicate that safety is immedi ately correlated with efficiency of production and of traffic movement. Safety will undoubtedly turn out to be similarly only one aspect of a `Copies may, be secured from the Department sion of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. well-managed home. To study this of Fire Prevention, Nashville, Tenn. R 1 "Acetylene Charging Plants, General Orders situation in detail is the objective TEXAS The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Department of Labor of the State of Texas, Austin, on. R 2 "Boiler Code." R 3 "Building Code;" see also "General Orders on Existing Buildings." _ R 4 "Buildings, General Orders on Existing." R 5 Building Exits; see R3 and R4, R 6 "Construction, General Orders on Safety in." of the fellowship. The work will be under the gen eral direction of an advisory com mittee containing representatives of Texas, R 7 "Electrical Safety Code." R 8 "Elevator Code." the American Home Economics As SI "Laws of Texas Relating to Labor." UTAH The quoted subjects listed below are R 9 Excavations; see R22 and R27. RIO Exhaust Systems; see R14 and R23. Rll Explosives (Use); see R3, R18, R20 and R27, R12 "Fire Prevention, General Orders on." RI3 Garages; see R3 and R14, sociation, the National Safety Coun cil and the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. The the titles of publications and can be se cured by writing the Industrial Commis sion of Utah, Sait Lake City, Utah, R 1 "Boiler Code." R 2 "Elevator Code." R 3 "Laundries, General Safety Orders." R 4 "Safety Orders, General." R5 Steel Mills; see R1 and R4. S 1 "Coal Mines, General Safety Orders," S 2 Electrical Installations; see $1 and R3, S 3 Explosives; see Si, S7 and Al, S 4 First Aid; see SI, 37 and AL S 5 Gas Masks and Respirators; see SI and $7, $ 6 ladders; see R5 ana S7, S 7 "Metal Mining Operations." S 8 Mining; see St, S7 and AL S 9 Sanitation; see Si and S7. 10 Smelting Ore; see Rl, R4, $2 and Sll. 511 Ventilation; see R3, Si and SL 512 "Women and Children, Employment of." bl3 "Workmen's Compensation," A 1 "Safety, How to Organise." A 2 'Safety Rules for Metal Miners." R14 "Heating and Ventilating Code." R15 Ladders; see R6 and Ft22. RIfi Laundries; see RI2 and R22. R17 "Lighting Code, Industrial," RJ8 "Mines, General Orders on." R!9 "Plumbing Code, Wisconsin State." R2Q "Quarries, General Orders on." R21 "Refrigerating Plant Code." R22 "Safety, General Orders on." R23 "Sanitation, General Orders on," K24 Sanitation, Industrial; see R19 and R23, R25 "Spray Coating, General Orders on." R26 Stairways; see' R3 and R4. R27 "Tunnels, Caissons and Trenches, General Or ders on." S I "Cleaning and Dyeing Law of Wisconsin." S 2 Dry Cleaning and Dyeing; see SI, R12. $ 3 "Workmen's Compensation Act." WYOMING The quoted subjects listed below are the titles of publications and, except where otherwise noted, can be secured by writ work may be carried on at any uni versity having a properly qualified home economic department, A can didate should be able to complete the work for the doctor's degree within the year and the study should furnish the subject matter for the thesis. Applications may be made to Albert \V. Whitney, National Bu reau of Casualty and Surety Under writers, One Park Avenue, New York City, This is the seventh of a series of graduate fellowships in the field of safety education that is being maintained bv the Bureau. March, 1930 Wider Duties for the City Fireman By B. J. HOUSTON Chief. Cincinnati Fire Department Cincinnati Firemen are be training as outlined by the American Red Cross. ing trained in the practice Early in 1929 it was decided by of first aid as well as in the methods of extinguishing Hon. C. O. Sherrill, City Manager, and the officials of the Cincinnati Fire Department that all firemen should fires. i have this training and that all depart -v ments should be equipped with first- aid material for emergency use. Every man, from the chief down, took the HEN the fire department pro course. This includes the sterile dress Wtects life and property from ing of both minor and major wounds, direct loss by fire, it is usually controlling arterial bleeding, trans credited with having performedpoirttsation of the injured in cases of duty. Fireman training, therefore, has bone fracture and dislocation, the dif emphasized the extinguishment of ferent types of lifts and carries, and fires and their prevention. Although approved methods of artificial respira clearly understood that the first duty tion in cases of gas poisoning, suffo of the fireman is to save life, the train cation, electric shock, and drowning. ing he has received in this phase of Most of the men have qualified for his work has covered only the rescue Red Cross certificates of proficiency of persons from burning buildings. in this first aid work. But it is our belief in Cincinnati A first aid kit of substantial char that municipal fire departments should acter, both water and dust proof, was also be trained to render that invalua selected, and all fire apparatus was ble service made famous as far back equipped with it, including the auto as Biblical days bv the story of the mobiles of the fire chief, the assistant Good Samaritan. To the best of mv chief and the fire marshals. These knowledge, our department is the first kits contain compress bandages for among ail large city fire departments the quick application of sterile dress to train its men completely in first aid ings to wounds of all sizes, picric acid and rescue work, to provide first-aid gauze for the temporary dressing of facilities on all apparatus, and to burns, wire spiints for the support of standardize on methods of first-aid bone fractures, triangular bandages. Edward Franks, marshal of the First District of the Cincinnati Fire Department, always carries a gas mask and first-aid kit in his car. Col, C, O. Sherrill, city manager of Cmn'miafi, trying on an all-service gas mask. slings, tourniquet for the stopping of arterial bleeding, and eye dressing ma terials. The kits also contain liquid ammonia and liquid mercurochrome. carried in ampoule form and packed against spillage or breakage through rough handling or jolting. The Service rendered by Life Sav ing Squad No. 52 of the Cincinnati Fire Department is well known. This squad has responded to approximately 1,400 calls per year and it is thor oughly equipped for rescue and first aid work in practically any emer gency. It is understood by all hire Department men that the Life Saving Squad is to be called in all serious ac cidents or emergency cases. But it is also understood that ail possible as sistance and service are to be rendered by any and all members of the depart ment before the Life Saving Squad arrives. All first aid or emergency work, however, shall in no way super sede or interfere with the duties and responsibilities of a registered physi cian, and we have been particularly careful to emphasize in our training of firemen that this service is, as the name connotes, first aid or temporary relief only, until a physician arrives or the patient is taken to a hospital. In the near future the Cincinnati Fire Department will be completely equipped with all-service gas masks. Our Life Saving Squad No. 52 has been equipped with this mask for sev eral years and also with self-contained breathing apparatus which permits men to enter any kind of atmosphere. We have realized that with the wide use of automobiles, electric refriger ators, and the more general manufac ture and use of poisonous chemicals (Continued on page 112) XATlOXAl SAFETY XEU'S THe Safety*! Exchange Eve rybody's Page ,, The 'safety in is a rMnd table in print. It is a medium for the exchange of ideas that have proved helpful (j yQU pave developed some useful device or method, send in a description, with sketch, ;j possible. Comments and criticisms regarding devices described on these pages are invited. PAINTERS' SWINGING SCAFFOLD MADE OF ALUMINUM Of special interest to construction men and painters is this swinging scaffold used on the plant of the United States Alumi num Company, It is made entirely of aluminum except for the iron rings into which the pulleys are hooked. We do not possess facts as to the weight of this plat form, but knowing how light aluminum is, it is quite reasonable to suppose that two men can lift the platform about with little trouble. Safety advantages are obvious. PROTECTION AT THE SHOP ENTRANCE Wherever trucks and tractors are re quired to run in and out of shops there is always danger of collisions with pedes trians who have occasion to walk past the entrances, A simple way of overcoming this danger is to construct iron pipe rail ings on either side of each entrance pro jecting out sufficiently far to make it necessary for the pedestrian to walk away from the entrance a short distance and thus get a better view of approaching trucks. In the accompanying illustration not only have-railings been provided but also warning signs. AN EASILY MADE HAND PROTECTOR It would seem that one need never be without protection for the hands when handling materials. It is such an easy matter to take a rectangular piece of leather, canvas or even an inner tube from a tire and cut a slit in it to get over the wrist, as shown in the accompanying il lustration. ers, each armed with a megaphone, boarded the cars of the 'British Columbia Electric Railway during the rush hours and proceeded to "spellbind" their audi ences. While the results are difficult to determine, it is certain that speakers and passengers alike enjoyed their unusual experience, according to genera! expres sions of opinion after the campaign. It would have been extraordinary had not a number of amusing incidents arisen during the drive. One speaker stated that he noticed an elderly lady listening with close attention to his impassioned address, part of which included instruc tions as to the right and wrong ways of boarding and alighting from street cars, As he finished the old lady arose to leave the car. "Now madam," he ad monished, "don't forget what I've told you. Get out the safe way." Thus ad vised, the iady proceeded to get off the ear. doing everything that she had been told not to do,---dera. CANVAS CHIPPING SCREEN IS MOUNTED ON SHADE ROLLER The Walworth Company of Kewanee, Illinois, has furnished the accompanying photograph showing a canvas chipping screen mounted on a shade roller, which is in turn supported by a swivel bracket fastened to the rear end of the vise in which the work is held while the chipping is done. The bracket which supports the screen is made of pipe, and the screwed fittings make it possible to swing it into any desired position to afford proper pro tection, When not in use the screen is easily rolled up out of the way. SPELLBINDERS FOR SAFETY TALK TO CAR PATRONS During a safety drive staged in Van couver, B. C, 50 men, among tiiem a number of public officials, volunteered their services to take the message di rectly to the street car patrons of the city. Coached in a speech which had been prepared in the offices of the B, C, Safety League and revised to include special street railway features, the speak March, lv.ffl NOVEL BULLETIN BOARD HELPS SAFETY CAMPAIGN Those aeroplane (lights for the endur ance record have had an interesting re action in the safety world, as instance the accompanying picture. A "Safety Board" is shown as photographed in the plant of the American Carbolite Company, Inc., Duluth, Minn. Two aeroplanes, ``No Accidents'' and ''Enthusiasm" are riving as a safety team. They are connected by a long re-fueling line which is a glass tube in which a dark fluid rises day by day to indicate the mounting no-accident record. 29 in position when loaded. The loading oper ation consists ot running the cable through a snatch block, then around the pole to he loaded and up to the truck or trailer b.idy, where it is attached with a hook. A tug on the cable with the winch causes the pole to roll up the detachable skid and onto the truck or trailer bed, one end at a time. ROLLER PLATFORM WITH RAMP FACILITIES OILING PLATFORM ALSO GUARDS SKELP MILL Two unusual photographs from the Na tional Tube Company illustrate a great contrast between a set of unguarded skelp mill gears and the same gears completely protected with heavy guards built in the form of an oiling platform. Heavy angle iron and steel plate are the materials of which the guards are built, and suitable openings equipped with covers have been provided to give access to the various bearings for oiling. The tube is graduated alongside into 363 periods, and the dark fluid rises each day as additional fluid is added. In this case the fluid is potassium permanganate solu tion. The board is placed alongside the time clock and attracts wide attention, POLE TRUCK LOADER HANDLED BY TWO MEN Is it advantageous for two men to be able to load long and heavy electric trans mission poles onto a pole truck and trailer; This can be done with simple equipment, as shown in the accompanying illustrations from the plant of the San Diego Consoli dated Gas and Electric Company, San Diego, Calif. The truck is equipped with a winch and wire cable, and both the truck and trailer body are fitted with special skids having adjustable chocks to prevent the poles from rolling too far and to hold them This simply constructed steel roller platform with ramp facilities leading up to it is used by the Universal Portland Cement Company at Buffington, Ind,, tor running steel cable off the reels on which it has been received. Such a platform is easily constructed and may be made from spare parts without great expense. EACH BLUEPRINT CARRIES SAFETY MESSAGES The engineering department of the Em pire Construction Company, affiliated with the Georgia Power Company, Atlanta, Ga,, is wide awake to the importance of safety as applied to engineering and construction work. All blueprints given out to the men on the job have stamped an them strong safety messages--such as the two shown with this item. The messages are stamped on with rubber stamps. 30 NATIONAL SAFETY XEll'S metal, concrete, and the like. To protect the crane operators against these flying particles, the Carnegie Steel Company, at its Edgar Thompson works, Braddock, Pa., has installed wire glass screens in heavy metal frames. Note in the accompanying picture that they are placed sufficiently far from the cab window openings to permit of ample circulation of air in hot weather. "CHARIOT" IS SUBSTITUTE FOR RUBBER BOOTS Fn the plant of the Fisk Rubber Com pany, Fisk Division, Chicopee Falls, Mass., the men who remove wet tubes from. the spindles of the tube test tanks are furnished with small movable plat- TELLTALE ROPES WARN OF LOW DOORWAYS There are numerous places in many plants where the truck opetator may be injured if he is not properly warned against a low doorway or some other obstruction interfer ing with adequate head room. Therefore the universal practice of tailroads in install ing telltale ropes at low budges can be used to good advantage. Here is an outstanding example, as seen in the Hartford Rubber Works Company plant of the United States Rubber Company. It is obvious that these ropes give effective warning of danger. THIS CLUTCH LEVER KEEPS THE PUMPER OUT OF DANGER by O. F. "Crook, employed by the Ohio Oil Company in the Gibsonburg, Ohio, field. The various parts of the device can be easily and inexpensively made in any blacksmith shop. SCREEN PROTECTS LOCOMOTIVE CRANE OPERATOR "5 4^5 I ** Sometimes locomotive cranes are used to perform operations which expose the opera tors to the dangers of flying pieces of forms to stand on. These platforms, which resemble chariots, afford adequate protec tion against splashing of water. It is said that the men find these chariots far more comfortable to work on than if they had to wear rubber boots all day long. THIS MAN CAR FOR MINES IS PROTECTED Much of the danger involved in trans porting men into the mines has been over come on the properties of the Miami Copper Company, Miami, Arizona, by special equipment for the man cars. The picture, furnished through courtesy of the IF. S. Bureau of Mines, shows a man car equipped with overhead and side guards made of steel frame and covered with chicken wire. Details of the construction are apparent in the photograph. This photograph shows the details of a dutch lever which makes it unneces sary for the pumper to be near the clutch arm or the shaft when handling the clutch. This lever was developed March. 1930 ANOTHER GOOD USE FOR OLD AUTO TIRES A protective apron, tor use while han dling material having sharp edges, can he made out of the treads of old auto mobile tires, Cut out sections of the treads and rivet them onto a heavy can vas or leather backing material, as shown in the accompanying illustration. 31 shown in the second picture, is of sheet metal and is pivoted to swing out of the way when not actually in use. A STORAGE RACK FOR CONTROL LER PARTS COUPLING FOR ELECTRIC TRUCK AND ANNEALING BUGGY A convenient and unusual method of coupling onto annealing buggies has been developed by the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, as illustrated in the ac companying photograph. Note the device at the rear of the electric truck used to transfer the annealing buggy from place to place. The special coupling hooks up under the frame of the buggy. It is raised and lowered by the lever which is shown at the right of the operator. It will be noticed that his foot is on the lever, hold ing the coupling in the engaged position. Such an apron will withstand a great deal of abuse, not to mention the pro tection it is capable of affording the wearer. CINDER NOTCH SHIELDS FOR GLASS FURNACES Here are two interesting ways of af fording protection against flying sparks and hot metal at the blast furnace cinder notch. The chain shield is suspended from a wire rope and may be raised or lowered to give the proper protection un der all conditions. The other shield, This picture illustrates an unusually substantial storage rack which is used by an eastern railway company for the stor age of controller parts in their repair shop. It is constructed of angle iron, and the triangular end-frame construction gives it unusual rigidity. A SAFETY LADDER FOR THE HOPPER CAR To discourage men from entering hop per ears to push down coal, ore, etc., the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad Com pany has developed a safety ladder shown in the accompanying illustration. This is a short steel ladder with hooks at the top to hook over the side of the car, and a platform about three feet from the top on which a man can stand. In this position he can remain comfortably and use both hands in working down the material with a long rod. SATtOxAL SAFETY XEH'S "Stop Accidents or Close the Shop" These alternatives confronted the management of the Baxter Corporation hut the shop is still operating--without accidents By ALFRED B. LINNEY Safety Engineer, The Aetia insurance Companies, Duluth. Minn. SASH and door plant has with A in its walls some ot the most hazardous machinery in indus try. Many plants ot this type are small and give comparatively little at tention to the prevention of accidents. For the benefit of those who think that small plants seldom have accidents, Members of the safety committee of the Baxter Carp. Left to right: Joe Mankmeski, (just Wesselin, Henry Blanchard, John Germeroth, superintendent, Donald G. Baxter, president, John Sands, and S, K, Duff, manager of the Safety Bureau, Duluth Cham ber of Commerce. In the background is the plant bulletin, board on which is mounted and tor those who think that safety a safety plague awarded by the Chamber of Commerce. work cannot be conducted in these plants I. should like to relate the expe machinery. Realizing that the prob ommendations had been made and car rience of one company in this indus lem could not be tackled alone, he ried out by the committee, but the re try employing an average of 11> men. called a group of ten of the older em duction in accidents had been consid For many years this comptanv had ployees, the superintendent and the erably less than had been hoped for. considered accidents a regrettable but foremen into a meeting. At this meet It was then decided to hold semi inevitable part of woodworking oper ing it was ap|>arent that some were an monthly meetings of ail employees on ations and accidents continued to oc tagonistic to safety work. They ad the company's time. At each meeting cur with alarming frequency. Here mitted that accidents were bad but some part of the safety program was was an apparently hopeless situation they were among the evils that existed to ire discussed, a speaker would ex but a change of attitude and the intro in all industries and that there was no plain the program from the standpoint duction of energetic safety measures remedy. of both the employer and the em brought a steady improvement in the Notwithstanding this apparent set- ployee, and the benefits to be derived situation, and at the time of writing Itack Mr. Baxter was determined to through the cooperation of both. Vari the plant has operated M) months with go ahead with the program. To assist ous hazards, the guarding of machin out a lost-time accident. him he appointed a committee of six ery, the use of goggles, and other sub The company in question is The workers. The education of this com jects were discussed. These meetings Baxter Corporation of Duluth, Minn. mittee was the first problem and it produced a further reduction in acci When Donald Baxter became active took some time itefore it could func dents but still the results were not sat head of the company some four years tion properly, in the meantime Mr. isfactory. ago, he was startled by the accident Baxter installed guards for machines, At one of the committee meetings experience. "'Why ail this unneces improved the plant layout, light and the topic for discussion was, "What, if sary suffering, loss ,md wastehe ventilation, and corrected numerous any, is the difference between acci asked himself. He. was sure there must hazards in and around the plant. dents and injuries?" The result of lie some solution for the problem, and Many ot the workers resented being this discussion proved that !)0 per cent he felt that it was a question of either compelled to use the guards but as of the su-cailed accidents in the plant preventing accidents or dosing up the they became used to them there was a were in fact self-inflicted injuries. shop. noticeable reduction in accidents. By This basic cause of the had experience Mr. Baxter readily became con this time the members of the commit was immediately taken up, and each vinced that modern methods of acci tee had become soid on the safety pro employee learned to realize that an un dent prevention were fundamentally gram and one of the important reso intelligent machine was not capable of sound and practicable. His first move lutions was that the chairman of the doing anything, least of all inflicting an was to take out a membership in the committee should retire after three injury, without human intelligence National Safety Council, and after months and a new member be appoint behind it. That intelligence was sup studying the data received he decided ed to give all employees an opportunity plied by each worker to his machine, that a practical program for his own to itecome familiar with the work of and the more intelligence in operating plant could be worked out. the committee. A plant safety inspec the machine the more likely it would In a visit with .Mr. Baxter it was tor was appointed to make weekly in be to do what was expected of it. In decided that there are two prime fac spection ; suggestions began to come in plain terms, it was agreed that the tors to be considered--the men and the from the employees, and several rec (Continued on page Ob) March, 1930 33 Public Utility Company Employee Testing Manhole with M-S-A Carbon Monoxide Detector Ampoule. Inset--Crushing Ampoule Containing Palladium Chloride Solution and Wrapped with Absorbent Cotton. M-S-A CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR AMPOULE Developed (or Practical Field Use in Testing Manholes and other Atmospheres for Deadly Carbon Monoxide Gas MANUFACTURED UNDER LICENSE ARRANGEMENTS WITH ELECTRICAL RESEARCH PRODUCTS, INC., A SUBSIDIARY OF WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC. Many of these Carbon Monoxide Detectors are used by the Bell Telephone Companies and other Public Utility Organizations; also around Blast Furnaces and by Chemical and Artificial Gas Plants, Garages, etc. CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR COMPARE AMPOULES WITH COLOR SCALE BELOW SAFEGUARD YOUR EMPLOYEES BY THIS SIMPLE, INEXPENSIVE TEST Crush Ampoule which is wrapped with Absorbent Cotton and filled with Palladium Chloride Solution. Suspend Crushed Ampoule in Manhole or other Atmosphere for a minimum time of ten minutes. In the presence of Carbon Monoxide, the Cotton turns gray to grayish-black in eolor depending upon concentration of Carbon Monoxide in Atmosphere under test. Place discolored Ampoule under holes in Standard Color Chart comparing Color of Ampoule with Graduated Color Scale on Chart. Concentrations as low as .03 percent and upwards arc readily indicated. MAKE A TEST FOR YOURSELF SEND FOR A SAMPLE PACKAGE CARS rOR VENTILATING MANHOLE IN ALL CASES WHERE TEST SHOWS PRESENCE OF CARBON MONOXIDE OAS When reaction on ampoules is Heavy. upproaeHlor the limit set as dangerous in the above color scale, DO NOT enter manhole uadi repetition ot the teat shows that conditions are sufficiently im proved. OBSERVE THE ABOVE RESTRICTIONS IN ALL CASES (t'O it tie rnnM fee CariaN tfenestd* *} STANDARD COLOR CHART One Color Chart is enclosed with each carton containing Ten Ampoules. Prices and Descriptive Literature on Request ^Afme Safety %^$^?pp//ances Co. Bradefock, Thomas and Meade Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa. MINE SAFETV APPLIANCES CO. PITTSBURGH, PENNA. Enclosed please find 25 cents in postage for which kindly send me two M-S-A Carbon Monoxide Detector Ampoules and a Standard Color Chart- My NAME............... ..................... POSITION_____ _ .... fOMPANy .... ................ .... ADDRESS_______ ___ ______________ ____ "Everything for Mine and Industrial Safety" When writing advertisers, please mention XATfO.YAL SAFETY SEWS ATIOXAL SAFETY XEff'S External Conditions Cause Most Falls By H. WEAVER MOWERY HE subject of falls is not new, Tbut until recently there has been little appreciation of their rela i Physical and mental disa! bilities figure frequently f tive standing in the field of accident in falls but the direct f causation and cost in lost time and compensation. According to the New York State cause is usually an exter- nal hazard. Industrial Commission: Not only are falls causing the most se rious accidents and the ones that result in the greatest total cost to industry, but they are also increasing more rapidly than any other kind of accident. It is indeed cause for alarm when the most serious aim most costly accidents are increasing at the greatest rate. The situation is surely serious enough to justify the spending of time, effort and money in the prevention of Falls. Think of 100,000 workers in New York State suddenly and forcibly re moved from employment for five and one-half weeks. Add to that a levy of $6,515,137 to be paid by its indus tries. That's just what falls cost an nually in the industries alone of the State of New York. The situation surely is alarming. The U. S. Bureau of the Census records show' that, of the 83,000 acci dental fatalities per year from all sources in the United States, over 17,000, or approximately one-fifth are from falls. Careful analysis of source records in many different fields indi cates that not less than one-half of the falls occur in connection with walkway surfaces. It has become increasingly evident that, if there is to be further im portant progress in accident reduction and prevention, the problem of falls must be answered correctly. Are falls the result of pathological and other human physical deficiencies or are they almost wholly caused by external hazards? .Among the pathological or other human deficiencies, we must include vertigo, poor eyesight, fatigue, im paired reflexes, relaxed tissues, and last, but not least, carelessness, and even the wearing of high-heeled shoes, as possible causes of falls. A physician with over 45 years of extensive practice is authority for the statement that our modern life is rap idly reducing the physical quality of our bodies. Our muscular and nerv ous reflexes are no longer as quick and accurate as they were when our very existence w'as dependent on them. The vast increase in the num ber of cases of enlarged tonsils and adenoids is evidence of our physical deterioration. Unquestionably, these and other human deficiencies are re sponsible in some measure for falls, but are they sufficiently serious to warrant further consideration in this problem ? The external causes of falls may be considered as slippery ramps, floors, step treads, door saddles, etc., and other unsafe walkway surfaces, trip Human Deficiencies ping hazards of various kinds, lack There has been a feeling that falls are the result of human deficiencies and that the condition of the walk way surface has little to do with the actual causation, of the fall. This idea is evidenced by the fact that at many places we see signs such as "Watch Your Step," "Be Careful," etc., while the hazard is permitted to remain. of hand rails and guards, etc. With out doubt, these and other unsafe ex ternal conditions also are involved in any honest effort to learn the truth about the causes of falls. Which of these two general causes, human physical deficiencies, or ex ternal conditions, is the one to which we should direct attention because it is largely or almost wholly the cause of the greatest number of casualties Before the Fifth Annual Safety Lecture Course of the Newark. N, J,, Safety Council for Executives, engineers and Supervisors and economic waste? Unfortunately, in this, as in many other phases of accident prevention activities, there is little accurate data available. We can only determine the truth through definite information as to exposure, frequency, and severity. However, some facts have been un earthed which can be interpreted in only one way, which is, that the ex ternal hazards, for which the person injured has no responsibility what ever, are almost entirely responsible for the tremendous number of casual ties resulting from falls. The Transit Board of New York City reports that 55,944,891 fares were paid at the Interborough Subway Station at Times Square during the year ending June 30, 1939. It is, therefore, safe to assume that more than double this number used this station, because approximately the same number left the station as en tered it, and furthermore there is a large volume of transfer traffic and a considerable number that do not pay fares but use the station as an under ground passage from one side of Times Square to the other. There fore, the total exposure is in the neigh borhood of 114,000,000 persons per year. A Low Frequency Rate During the period stated there were only 115 reported accidents, and thesewere all due to falls on stairs. That is only one accident per million ex posures, and it is probable that less than one-tenth of these resulted in serious injury, as the figures include all reported falls, even including those where the individual falling thereafter immediately got up and walked away without having received injury. The frequency rate, in spite of the tre mendous traffic, therefore, is the as tonishing low figure of 1.95 deter mined by the same formula used for industrial accident frequency and al lowing only five minutes for indi vidual exposure, as compared to from 19.00 to 64.00 for the various branches of industry. Forty stairways, with some considiContinued nn page 99) March, 1930 DAVIS HOT PAD Generates Own Heat ounce Cold V4ter BANISHES Troublesome Hot Water Bags IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE DAVIS HOT PAD The Davis Hot Pad is made of high grade rubberized flannel, size 7x8'A inches. Rubber on the inside, flannel on the outside which comes in contact with the patient. The Davis Hot Pad is absolutely safe and depend* able. It is harmless,cannot leak, smoke, burn,orcxplodc, and is so simple in operation that a child can use it Maintains its heat long enough to get results. The Davis Hot Pad, including insert, one half-ounce bottle, and extra insert, is packed in a rubber cover size 6x8 inches, making a neat and compact package. Maintains Constant Heat from 1 to 12 Hours as Desired IN THE EVENT OF INJURY KEEP THE PATIENT WARM In all cases that require Heat Treatment such as: SHOCK ASPHYXIATION DEEP SEATED PAINS POOR CIRCULATION SPRAINS, ETC. DAVIS HOT PADS provide Immediate and Constant Heat Indispensable for First Aid in factories, mines, ambulances, etc. Illustration above shows the complete \ Davis Hot Pad outfit. 1 Container 1 Rubberized Flannel Cover J. s 1 Insert i 1 Extra Insert. 1 'k ounce bottle , Send for bulletin which completely describes the , DovfsHot Pad. Use coupon at riyht ,, BULLARD-DAVIS INCORPORATED 67 Wall St., New York City 275 Eighth St, San Francisco, Calif. Please send me bulletin describing the Davis Hot Pad. Name............................................................................................... Company.............................................................. .......... ................. Address............................................ ..... ............................... ....... When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS X.lUOX.iL :>.U-'ETY NEWS Safety First or Safety Always? By T. B. FARRINGTON General Manager, Factory Service Department, B, F, Goodrich Rubber Company HERE are two common phrases Tused in safety work that I don't like and never use when I can avoid them. I understand their mean ing and appreciate their value, but I don't like them. The first one is "safety first.'' To me, that much-used slogan is lacking in punch. Every time I hear it I al ways ask, "What after the first ?" First implies a second, third, fourth, and so on. We intend it to mean safety shall always receive the first consideration, but does it bring out what we are all striving for--"safety always" ? The second expression I don't like is used not only with safety work but also with production, quality, indus trial relations, and, in fact, with al most everything and all too generally. That expression is "50-50 coopera tion." How many of us are satisfied with half-way measures? What good is the organization that works on a 50-50 basis ? What we want is 100 per cent cooperation and functioning, and more men who are striving for the 100 per cent goal. This may seem like a strange open ing to a discussion of the manage ment's side of safety, but that is ex actly what I am talking about. There is too much of the "safety first" and not enough of the "safety always" in management. There is still too much of the 50-50 idea left in management, particularly as it applies to safety. Management's duty is safety always, and no half-way measures. Spasmodic Safety Effort When I say there is too much "safety first" and not enough "safe ty always" in management, I mean that in too many cases safety effort is spasmodic, it goes in cycles. We make a start, we employ a safety en gineer, we start campaigns, we buy posters, we get up slogans, we push out safety efforts until we get a start. After we are started, we die on the vine: and because a job is well start ed, we think it is going to last. We get driving on another line, pushing for more production, for reduced Before the Third All Ohio Safety Canutes*. { "Safety First" too often im plies merely a good start in safety work; "Safety Always" J means constant pressure to \ keep up the work, J. costs, for better quality, or some other thing, and safety goes into the back ground for a while, with a result that accidents creep up in frequency and severity until something happens-- usually a serious accident. Our atten tion is again focused, and we go all over it again to regain the lost ground, just as soon as we get in that condi tion, safety is no longer first, and it's a long way from "safety always." just as soon as we get in the posi tion described, what are we doing in stead of "safety first" ? We are trailing behind, continually trying to catch up. It's the old, oid story of the locked door on the barn; it's the oid story of correcting conditions and correcting practices after they have occurred, in stead of the continual drive, drive, drive, the continual bringing pressure, the continual insisting on a proper safety performance, the continual ask ing, "Can accidents occur from this condition or that condition? Can acci dents occur with this practice in effect ? Are we functioning properly to make it a case not only of "safety first," but "safety always ?" With safety always, the pressure is constantly there, and when we are making a good record or good per formance on safety, it's a case of still striving to better that performance; and when we have departments which are making a perfect record, it's a case of holding that record and avoid ing the occurrence of an accident to break it. You are more familiar with ways and means, and are more conversant than I with many situations; but to my mind, nothing in the way of safety committees, safety posters, safety slo gans, safety drives or any other meth od can accomplish safety always or near it. if management from the top down is not sotd on safety, sold to the point where it thinks safety and demands it as a function of operation, and where this function of operation is as essential as quality production. I don't for one moment belittle safety com mittees, safety slogans, accident pre vention-drives, or any of those things. They are all necessary tools, but with out the proper backing of manage ment. the proper punch behind them, they don't fill the bill. Don't forget that one of the best tools you have to work with is the backing and publicity of your local papers that help to carry your message into the homes of your employees. Why has management been so slow in seeing the advantages of safety? Why can we still go into some plants anywhere in the country, and find them in disorderly condition, or at least not orderly? Why do we find, coupled with plants of this kind, the usual high accident rate and the high turnover? It would seem that safety, orderliness, deanliness and system would sell themselves without argu ment, but there are many, many cases where safety has never been sold, or at least not properly sold, to manage ment, and management is still waiting to reap the benefits of safety and all that safety means. Experience in hun dreds of plants over this country has indicated beyond all question of a doubt that safety and efficiency go hand in hand. The results are there for the taking. Dodging Responsibility There have been many cases where safety has not been properly sold to industry, to management. I can re call instances of a number of plant managers and plant superintendents telling me the safety idea was a lot of bunk, that safety was up to the em ployees, and if the employer did his part and kept his machines and his buildings in a fairly decent state of repair, it was up to the employees to look out for themselves. I can also recall instances of socalled safety committees of employees misusing the time given them by the management, for going around the de partments and through the plant with (.Continued on page 3C>) .March, 19JU FIRE .-- AN INCIDENT OR A DISASTER *? \yhich types of fire protection for your plant? Among the mass of claims for various types offire-lighting equip ment, LaFrance and Foamite En gineers can advise you, impar tially, in determining the nest type or types for your plant. Im partially, because this company makes every recognized type. Every type of extinguisher has a definite place in a well rounded- out fire-protection plan. Perhaps only one type is needed in your plant. Perhaps a combination of types is needed to give you ade quate protection. " A LaFraneeand FoamiteFirePro tection Engineer will, without ob ligation, survey your plant As a result of his report, we will pre pare for you a complete, written plan for protection. Our engineers will work with you in suggesting correct installation, in training your employees to properly use this equipment, and, if you desire, in keeping all equipment proper ly charged and ready for use. Ifyou would like to talk to an en gineer, or have a copy of our book let "Correct Protection Against Fire", write American-Lai ranee and Foamite Corporation. Dept. G-25, Elmira, N. Y. Offices in all Principal Cities. IAFRANCE""FOAMITE PROTECTION AN N G / N R / N 0 $ R V ` C AGAINST FIRE When writing advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETi' XEWS 38 NATIONAL SAFETY XEIVS Engineering Must Precede Traffic Regulation By C. C. COTTRELL M `uager, Highways Bureau!California State . Automobile Association THE whole problem of traffic control is, in my opinion, essen ^ Good Judgment with re- ^i tially an engineering problem. spect to the human element Proper traffic legislation, whether state, city or county bodies, should be byand application of sound en- j the result of engineering determina gineering principles to the i tions and careful surveys of condi balance of the problem are t tions. rather than of snap judgments. Publicity, so far as traffic control is concerned, should be for the purpose needed in solving the traffic puzzle. j of educating the public in what is ex pected and how best to comply with the necessary regulations. Enforce that we shall obtain a satisfactory so ment is for the purpose of demanding lution of our traffic puzzle. a compliance with the regulations from We have had neither opportunity those who either are unwilling to be nor time to solve it properly. We have educated or are not in sympathy with the desire for speed, but we are con the control methods. " fronted literally with hordes of vehi So it would seem that even legisla cles upon the streets and highways that tion, education and enforcement are never were designed for any such sit parts of the big general problem, and uations. The problem of redesigning as such are closely related to engineer these streets and highways is slow, so ing. __ we must do the best we can with what If, at the suggestion of some lay we have. man, you were to recommend a traffic The first principle of sound traffic signal at a certain intersection, that, of control should be the putting into ef course, would not be engineering. fect of no regulation without more Xeither would your hasty inspection than ample justification. I believe that of that point. If, on the other hand, if ample justification cannot be proved, you were to measure the traffic flows, it is better to refrain from regulatory turning movements, and consider all measures. If such a policy were ad the other elements that have a bearing hered to we would secure a quicker on the situation, and from those in and greater respect from the public; vestigations were to reach your con for I think that disrespect for clusion, that would be. good engineer laws can be attributed to the fact that ing. Engineering demands a recom we have too many laws. In short, our mendation only after all the facts have biggest traffic problem today is too been considered. much poor control and the tendency in Not an Exact Science that direction. When we successfully combat this tendency and solve our Now, it would be fine if every traf fic control problem could be reduced to an exact engineering basis; we might then have an exact solution, the same as we have in bridges, buildings and similar structures. But in traffic mat ters we have the so-called human equa tion, and that factor cannot be reduced to an exact science. It is only through the exercise of good judgment with respect to the human element, and the application of good engineering princi ples to the balance of the problem, Abstract of an address before the Municipal League of California. problems on the basis of proper inves tigations and by sound deductions, we will have applied good engineering and will have overcome our biggest hurdle. To comprehend this one must un derstand human psychology. For ex ample, persons residing near a certain intersection become convinced that they have a traffic problem, and the more they think about it the more are they convinced it is worse than at neighboring intersections. They make an appeal to the officials and suggest nothing less than the very latest traffic control device. A few years ago this was left-turn prohibitions; later the tad became boulevard stop signs; just now it seems to be automatic traffic signals; ^tnd tomorrow it may be something else. These devices have their legitimate fields of operation. Each performs a highly specialized function and is justi fied in the proper place. But to say that any one of them is a panacea for all traffic ills is not only foolish but breaks down the whole system of traf fic control. Let me analyze a few of our regu latory measures and devices. Although I have studied the boulevard stop sit uation thoroughly, I still have some conflicting opinions regarding its mer its or demerits. Of one thing, however, I am certain: the minute a boulevard is created, that minute a condition is set up which encourages the motorist to break one law (which police officers knowingly permit him to do), and at the same time another law is brought into effect that is not understood by the public and cannot be enforced. Boulevards were established pri marily to relieve traffic congestion by controlling intersecting travel. Ex cept in a few instances, particularly in the environs of some of our largest cities, there is no such congestion. Most boulevards have been estab lished for an altogether different pur pose. Inconsistent Regulation Suppose a boulevard is established through a residential section, as is generally the case. The speed limit there is 20 miles per hour, with 15 miles at intersections. The minute that boulevard is established, up goes the speed to 30 miles and over, with little or no attention paid to intersections; and police officers condone it. (That may be right--I will not argue it.) The point I want to make is that either our motor vehicle act is wrong as regards its speed limitations, or else the reason for the establishment of the boulevard is wrong. The one should be corrected or the other not be put into effect. You cannot expect to en- March, 1930 :;o Indispensable for Industrial Plants and I Public Utility Companies / THERE is no more effective prepara tion than this soothing, healing, antiseptic ointment. Prevents infection and restores tissues. `TABLOID' FIRST-AID PRODUCTS CARO FAX*Trade Marl Brand Order `Carofax' through your Safety Supply Dealer. (Carron Oil Solidified with 2% Phenol Content) is on guard for burns of every kind in leading factories and public utility companies If you cannot obtain, please get in direct touch with us. Protect your plant personnel with `Carofax' Burroughs Wellcome & Co ( U. S. A.) Inc. 9 a 11 East Forty-first Street, NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan "Keep your `Tabloid' FirstAid complete by maintaining a reserve supply of refills." r--m. N.S.N- * . `Tabloid' First-Aid Booklet Finn I Addrcaa..^,______^___ \ Individual'* Name.. _______ ... Official Capacity... ........................ When writing advertisers, please mention. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS X'ATIOXAL SAFETY XEll'S force oire law completely and encour age the violation of the other. Certainly, one traveling on a street or highway protected by stop signs has a feeling of security, and of less responsibility. Does the state law give him this? It does not. The motorist seeking to cross a boulevard must stop his car and yield the right-of-way to all vehicles within the intersection or approaching closely from his'left. Having so yielded, he has the right to proceed then across the boulevard, and all vehicles approaching the intersec tion from the left or right must yield to him. This obligation upon the driver on the through highway is just as important as the obligation imposed upon the motorist who is crossing such a street. Limited Benefits to Motorists You will thus observe that the bene fits to the motorist traveling along the boulevard are limited. But who of the motoring public know this, and is a police officer always available to pro tect the rights of the one coming in from the side street.?' Can you imagine the chaotic conditions that would re sult and the attending hazards if motorists who enter our boulevards should take advantage of their rights as written in our statutes? The value of boulevards for safety is a debatable question. Certainly a boulevard that becomes known as such in the daytime, but at night is not discernable because the signs are unlighted, is really a more dangerous point in the darkness than if the des ignation had not been made. Motorists who are continually required to stop at boulevards when there is no throughtraffic soon lose their respect for the regulation and eventually ignore it al together. An effective means recently em ployed to increase the capacity and safety of our highways is that of marking off lanes by colored stripes. Where intelligently used, this has in creased the capacity of highways fully `30 per cent, perhaps more. I believe it impractical, however, to divide any thing less than a 30 foot pavement in to three lanes. To do so has a tendency to force traffic in the outside lanes on to a shoulder often none too stable, with its attendant dangers; this has been definitely proved on a 2-1-foot pavement. The use of a stripe to mark the edge of a pavement is a remarkable aid to traffic, particularly in those sec tions of our state having fog and con siderable rain. A distinctive stripe, of a different color, probably broken in character, might be used on sharp curves where no passing at all was permitted. An objection is that such ;i stripe might indicate permission to pass at other points, regardless of vision, nature of pavement, hazard and traffic conditions. An example of the sort of traffic signal not respected by the public is the wig-wag signal at railroad cross ings, Many times we come upon a wig-wag signal going full blast, only to find after stopping that it indicates a box car or a freight train standing still, or perhaps a slow-moving train that would not reach the crossing for considerable time. Respect for such a signal is not increased by this ex perience. A motorist is a restless per son and any unnecessary delay is ob noxious to him. The trouble lies in the fact that en gineers have not yet developed the proper type of signal for this situa tion, although reports indicate it is on its wav. At present the signal is set in operation bv an oncoming train at a fixed distance from the crossing. The solution doubtless lies in using a definite "time" element instead of that of "distance." This brings to mind the problems of lights. Those who are well in formed know that red should have but one meaning---that of stop. You have only to go a short distance on any of our streets and highways to see it employed merely as a caution. Amber is the color which should in dicate caution. It is no wonder that so many red 'signals are ignored be cause of the promiscuous use of that color. What I have said about some of our traffic regulations applies to all others. If we are to get public coop eration in parking, loading zones, leftturn prohibitions, respect for slow signs, and, in fact, everything deal ing with traffic control, we must first justify the necessity for such regula tions and then be prepared to enforce them. Traffic Control Signals And now comes probably the great est of present-day problems, that of the traffic control signal. There is nothing so effective as an automatic traffic signal, provided it be placed where the conditions warrant, prop erly adjusted and operated only when needed. I can do no better than quote from Dr. Miller McClintock, a nation ally known expert: "Notwithstanding the possible ad vantages of traffic signals, they, as other remedial measures, have their limitations. When properly used they can give a very real and important service. When improperly used they may result not only in a waste of the investment made in their installation and operation, but also in a great loss through inconvenience to street users. "In other words, a stop-and-go sig nal is by uo means a panacea tor all traffic ills. It has a highly specialized function. In considering traffic sig nals it should always be remembered that they stop as well as pass traffic. They alternate the opportunity for travel upon the two or more streets which enter the controlled intersec tion. Thus a previous legal freedom tor a drivier to move at any time is reduced by approximately 50 per cent. Unless there exists at any particular intersection where signal installation is contemplated, a condition of traffic congestion which, without control, causes more delay and inconvenience than will result under signal opera tion, there is a presumption against this type of control. On the other hand, where there is a real congestion resulting in inconvenience and delay of traffic, the signal performs a use ful service by passing the average driver with less delay than he would otherwise experience." Lack of Uniformity In California we have an unfortu nate lack of uniformity with respect to signals. We have the semaphore type, the two-light type, the three- light type, and others. We should adopt one type that would be uniform throughout the state, to which all motorists would accustom themselves. The next, and more important thing, is that we should never permit a sig nal to be installed unless there is a real need for it. * just what are the justifications for the installation of a traffic signal ? Generally speaking, there is only one, and that is to facilitate the movement of traffic. _ Efforts are continually made to con vince local officials that a traffic sig nal should be installed from the point of view of safety when volume of traffic does not justify it. That is a hard argument to combat, for who is there who would not go the limit to protect life and property? Mv own opinion is that signal installations are not justified purely on that basis. Dr. McClintock says on this point: "The use of signals for purely safety purposes would have serious consequences. If hazard alone were to be considered, practically every in tersection would be thus controlled, for all are potential producers of acci dents. In fact, many of the more seri ous accidents take place at lightly traveled crossings." It has long been a theory of mine i Continued on f'a<ie 12 I $118 EACH Giving After-Accident Infaction a running start! The man shown above is "dressing" a small cut with a bit of dirty rag. Hiscarelessnessmaycosthim much painful suffering--and shoot your production costs skyward -- That is One Difference Between infected and Non-lnfected Wounds A Department of Commerce Bulletin* gives the average cost of infected small wounds -- wounds caused by handling rough and sharp objects --as $204 per wound in 1927-28. The same bulletin shows the average cost of similar wounds NOT INFECTED was only $86 per wound. That's a big difference, especially when you consider the astoundingly large percentage of small wounds that become infected. Read these figures*: TYPE OF WOUND PERCENTAGE INFECTED Striking against small objects . Handling sharp and rough objects Continued wear of skin . . Hand tool injuries .... . 52.2 per cent . 67.7 per cent . 92.5 per cent . 31.0 per cent The difference between an infected and a non-infected wound is $118. Think of it! There is no need for such losses. Let Bauer & Black showyou why and point the way to what may be a money-saving disclosure. Quality costs less than Infection `Department of Commerce Bulletin* October, 1929 Is there a Weak Link in Your FIRST AID System? There can be no doubting of the statement, "the First Aid Sys tem is only as safe as the materials used in dressing wounds." Even the most extensive plans of Relief, Protection, and Repair fail if the actual gauze, cotton or bandages used are not pure, sterile, clean and "handy to use." Infection is a dreadful enemy of health. Given half a chance infection makes a minor cut a serious, painful and expensive wound ... and does if quickly, too. It's not the wounds alone that keep your men away from their jobs, break down morale and disorganize your crews--it's the infection that follows poorly dressed wounds and wounds dressed with improper materials. Make sure your employes receive proper care in the treat ment of their injuries -- and make sure they receive this treatment at the time of injury. Also MAKE SURE your nurses and doctors use pure, sterile, unquestionable materials for every dress ing they apply. The safe, sure protec tion of Bauer & Black quality is your best guide Bauer & Black Zinc Oxide Ad hesive Plaster, ideal for indus* trial use, Nan-irritating, 300% strongerthan government standard -- or to yard large-core spools in the purchase of First Aid Equipment. Bauer & Black Sterile Absorb ent Cotton is soft, fluffy, highly absorbent. In different sized packages to meet all require* ments Busy industrial nurses and sur geons find Bauer &BlackHandy Fold Gauze a time-saver. Ready-cut sterile squares in germ-proof envelopes Quality costs less than Infection Bauer & Black products are Sterile and Pure Convenient to Use Designed for Every Need Day in and day out for thirty-five years Bauer & Black has been employing only one measure for products bearing the Bauer & Black name --the measure of Quality. Adherence to this policy has been constant, inflexible. You may place full trust in any and all of Bauer & Black products. You can be sure that it is made of the best mate rials, that it has been thoroughly and effectively sterilized, that it is clean-wrapped and protected against germs. You can feel confident that you have the best money can buy when you stock your First Aid room with Bauer & Black products. Bauer & Black products are many--and varied. You will find just what you need for any job of helping employes re cover from their injuries. You'll find everything any First Aid station needs ... plain gauze., .absorbent cotton ... bandages... sutures... tapes . .. tourniquets . . . splints ... everything you want. And you may buy in bulk quantities or handy The industrial doctor finds pro tection and convenience in 8auer & Black Handy Tape Dressing. Pur adhesive plas ter plus antiseptic gauze, repay to use kits and convenient "easy to handle" packets. Bauer & Black Iodine Swabs are ideal for self-ireatment of minor wounds. Handy glass tubes, swab attached. Simply break lip and apply to wound Bauer & Black Sutures come in handy packets that contain a comprehensive assortment. Hermetical sealing m glass in sures sterility Quality costs less than Infection Every Production Executive First Aid Director Safety Engineer Safety Committeeman should know the story of infection --and its high cost The complete and detailed story of after-accident infections is one with which every executive should be familiar. Let a man from the Bauer & Black In dustrial First Aid Laboratories help you in the work of reducing expensive after-accident infections among your employes. Let him sit down with you and explain infection cost in detail. He has facts and figures that will be of unusual interest to you and he'll tell you the whole story without obligation. A letter will bring him to your desk at once. BAUER & BLACK DIVISION OF THE KENDALL COMPANY CHICAGO NEW YORK TORONTO Mail This Coupon--We'll Send You a Sample Bauer & Black Dressing for Minor Wounds I------ BAUER & BUCK, 2500 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois Please send me --free and without obligation --a sample of Bauer &. Black Handy Tape Dressing --the ideal antiseptic dressing for minor wounds. Name...... Titb...... Firm..... Address. March, !930 California Sets Standards for Labor Camps 43 By R. W. KEARNEY Chief, Division of Housing and Sanitation, Department of Industrial Relations, State of California ALIFORNIA i? a pioneer in C legislation tor sanitary living conditions in labor camps. It is one of the few states in the Union which has passed such an act for the health and well being of its workers. Due to its industries and the variety and extent of its agricultural devel opments, there is a large population to be found in these camps. During the last year, in the 2,360 camps in spected. there were 83,928 persons of ::3 different nationalities. The first labor camp sanitation law was passed in 1913 and became effec tive on August 10 of that year. Its enforcement was placed with the State Board of Health, but no special funds were provided for carrying on the work. This same legislature created the Commission of Immigration and Housing. Among other powers given the Commission was the right to in spect labor camps. Shortly after the Commission was organized and before the labor camp act became effective, a riot occurred on a hop ranch at Wheatland. Sena tor Hiram \V. Johnson, then Gov ernor of the State, called upon the Commission as the natural agency to make the investigation, as most of the laborers on the ranch were foreign horn. Housing and sanitary condi Laroe numbers of Mexican agricultural workers were formerly housed in shacks similar to the oiic in the illustration above. These have keen replaced by the cottages of the type shown below. tions on the ranch were unspeakably had. That, however, was found to be the rule rather than the exception in all camps, and the Commission, with the consent of the Board of Health, assumed the responsibility for im proving conditions. The 1913 law set forth, in general terms, that the bunkhouses, tents and other sleeping quarters, and the grounds about the camps should be kept dean. It also provided, in gen eral terms, that there should be suf ficient air space in the sleeping quar ters, and beds or bunks made of A comfortable cottage in picturesque surroundings. sanitary material so constructed as to afford reasonable comfort to the oc cupants. There were no requirements for toilets or bathing facilities, nor for the disposal of garbage, kitchen waste and other refuse which made many of the labor camps unfit for hu man habitation and a menace to health. The Commission, in cooperation with the State Board of Health, drew a set of rules to serve as a minimum standard for living conditions and endeavored to secure compliance with them. In 1U13 the act of 1913 was completely revised and contained in its provisions many of the features which had been established by rule and found to be practicable. The power to enforce this law was placed in the hands of the Commission of Immigration and Housing. This same method has since been used in amending the act, until we now have the present law, which, though not ideal, affords reasonable comfort to the occupants. To aid in the establishment of good camps the Commission published an advisory pamphlet on camp sanitation which gave all necessary information for their construction in a practical wav. This pamphlet has received in ternational recognition. In addition Ih Attractive cottages of poured concrete construction provided for Mexican citrus workers. XATIOXAL SAFETY XEli's <>i sanitary material so constructed as to afford reasonable comfort for the occupants must be provided and a space allowed between each bunk of at least twenty inches extending from the floor to the ceiling. Upon request a mattress or some equally comfortable bedding must be supplied, for which the employer may make a reasonable charge. Ticks or containers must be supplied if straw or other substitute tor a mattress is furnished. ' .Mess houses, dining-rooms, kitchens, or other structures where food is cooked, prepared or served must be kept in a clean and sanitary state and the windows, doors or other openings must be screened. All dishes, cooking utensils, knives, forks, spoons and other implements used in the cooking of food must be kept in a clean, un broken and sanitary condition. Every camp must provide convenient and suitable bathing and toilet facili ties. These must he kept in a dean and sanitary condition, definite provi- to this the Commission has always given operators the benefit of the ad vice of its experts whenever called upon. In the last year 59 camps were built with their aid. At present there is a cannery' camp under construction, which, when completed, will contain one hundred houses with all of the necessary sanitary units in each house. These include kitchen sinks, toilets and showers, all connected to a cen tralized sewer system. The act applies to all camps where in five or more persons are employed and has, in brief, the following re quirements : 1. Bunk houses, tents or other suitable sleeping places must be provided: they must be so constructed as to afford shelter for the occupants against the elements and dampness in inclement weather, and must be kept dean and . free from vermin. 2. The grounds also must be kept clean and free from accumulations of dirt, garbage and other deleterious matter. Living conditions like this are less frequently found than formerly. 3. There must be sufficient air space in the sleeping places to insure an ade quate supply of fresh air for each oc cupant. Suitable bunks or beds built sions being made for the construction and maintenance of privies other than water closets, 6. All garbage, kitchen wastes and other rubbish must be deposited in suitable covered receptacles, which must be emptied at least daily and the contents burned, buried or disposed of in oth er sanitary manner. Drainage from the kitchen sinks must be carried through covered drains to covered cesspools or septic tanks, or disposed of by some other sanitary method. 7. A responsible person must be ap pointed to assist in keeping the camp dean. A law of this kind, when properly enforced, prevents the use of ragged tents, brush shelters and barns, for merly used as stables, for the housing of employees. It insures the worker against the "ground for a floor and skv for a roof" type of sleeping place which had frequently been his lot. It prohibits the use of platform bunks and discourages the double deck bunk. Workers on construction fobs are frequently housed under canvas. (Continued on page 82) March, ivSO 4? 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Meets state compensation requirements. (8) M-S-A Miner's First Aid Cabinet-- Contains materials recommended by U. S. Bureau of Mines. 9 8 a ,, M-S-A Heavy Duty First Aid Kit ** 5 n *- -imJti Id'XIU 8 Sl'M-ilMOt Conan & & 8 8 41 M-S-A Industrial First Aid Cabinet M-S-A Miner's First Aid Cabinet M-S-A First Aid Kits offer a wide selection of Sizes and Fills for every conceivable purpose. If you will tell us about the working conditions for which First Aid Kits are desired, we shall be glad to send you our complete First Aid Catalog together with specific recommendations. USE THE COUPON--IT'S MORE CONVENIENT! Braddock, Thomas and Meade Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa. ^Everything for Mine and Industrial Safety** MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO. Pittsburgh, Pcnna. Send us your Complete First Aid Catalog. We are in terested in First Aid Kits for_................ ............... ................... M-S-A No. 9 First Aid Kit MY NAME. POSITIONCOMPANY. ADDRESSTM When writing advertisers, please mention .VATlOVAL SAFETY XEfl'S XATIQXAL SAPETl XESCS Councils Improve Rates in Industrial Contest Industrial Members of Territorial Councils Reduce Frequency and Severity during Last Half of 1929 WELVE territorial councils of of the six months or the twelve months Tthe National Safety Council en preceding the opening of the contest rolled in the Second Inter-Council InJuly 1. 1929. " dustrial Accident Contest were re In five out of the six months the markably successful in lowering the winning council. Blackstone \ alley, industrial accident rates of their mem had frequency and severity rates far bers during the last six months of below those of the previous period. If 39. In two of the six months their rates The most successful in the group were less than half those in the base was the Blackstone Valley Safety period. Council, carrying on its accident pre Louisville, the second place coun vention activities in Pawtucket, R. I., cil. showed improvement in every one and adjacent territory. of the six months of the contest but The Louisville Safety Council at the reductions were not so great in Louisville, Ky., received second place several instances as were those of the in the contest and the Chattanooga. Blackstone Valley Council. Tenn., Safety Council was a very close In the case of Chattanooga, which third. missed second place by only a hair's All councils were competing against breadth, there were two months in their own past records, either the six which the industrial concerns in the months or the twelve months ending Chattanooga territory failed to equal June 30, 1929, being set up as the the frequency and severity rates which "bogey." The improvement is meas thev had previously made. ured in two ways---by accident fre The Richmond Safety Council re quency rates and accident severity ceived fourth place in the contest by rates. All councils enrolled in the con an excellent finish during the last three test are obtaining sufficient informa months, in which it ranked first or tion for the compilation of both of second in each month. The Chicago these rates and make regular reports Safety Council maintained a consistent to the National Safety Council. record of improvement throughout the The extent of the improvement is contest to capture fifth place. The shown by the fact that in December, Providence Safety Council, which 1929, the last month of the contest, ranked sixth in the contest, had the eight out of the twelve councils had additional honor of tieing wdth Chat rates which were a substantial im tanooga for occupying first place the provement over those before the contest largest number of times in the month started. In the case of four councils, ly standings. their frequency and verity rates in The accompanying table shows the December were less than half those frequency and severity rates for each jarticipating council in each month of the contest and the rates previously established among the council's mem bers which were the goals in the pres ent contest. The cities are arranged in the order of their final standings in the contest. in the first Inter-Council contest, which ran during the first six months of 1929, the winner of the present contest was not entered. That con test was won by the Kansas City Safe ty Council, with the Delaware Council second, and the Richmond and Spring field Councils tied for third place. Plans are being made for the third contest, to run during the first six months of 1930. It is expected that 13 councils will be entered in this con test. The awards to the winner of the first three places in the contest just dosed will be made at the cm re . ence of territorial safety council man agers to be held in Birmingham. Ala bama. March 23, 29 and 30. Why Roofs Fail in Some Coal Mines ERTAIN instances of a lack of C discipline in the matter of promptly setting supports under mine roof material which has an official chalk mark calling for a prop have been noted by the mining en gineers conducting a study of roof control in coal mines for the United States Bureau of Mines. This lack of discipline is not con fined to the workmen at the face, but it extends to some of the fore men who overlook the neglect on the part of the workman, who places his judgment against that of the foreman. In many well organized mines it is the practice for the fore man to remain to see the post put in place or the dangerous roof material pulled down by the use of a bar. Accident Rates of Territorial Councils Enrolled in the Second Inter-Council Industrial Accident Contest Monthly Accident Rates Council Base Rates* July August September October November December Fre- Se- Fre- Se- Fre- Se- Fre- Se- Fre- Se- Fre- Se- Fre- Sequency verity quency verity quency verity quency verity quency verity quency verity quency verity Blackstone Valiev___ Chattanooga............. Chicago................. . 12.59 31.81 15.41 18.73 26.54 18.02 Wheeling................... 17.62 Worcester................. 9.35 Detroit..... . . 20.56 Springfield 17 37 .90 .82 52 1.19 . 85 1.27 1.01 1.83 1,07 50 1.05 79 10.88 27.34 13.55 20.89 17.21 18.05 20.80 15.05 30 29 10 74 23.55 I '18 ,13 9Q ,29 3.61 ,88 26 o oo 34 1.43 1.32 37 9,28 26.82 11.42 20 26 15,54 15.78 24.12 24 35 32.03 9.47 24.79 18 8X 2.98 10.88 *?7 24.00 .79 14,16 3.48 19.67 1.03 12.02 97 13.83 ,29 17.94 4 46 117.87 ,32 30.08 16 11.24 1.19 21.93 i RR 18 OR ,15 .47 2.49 .16 ,62 28 2.09 .18 2,20 2.62 ,65 10 12.92 28.44 11.89 18.15 11.96 21.91 16,91 19.00 30.09 10.97 14.66 is ns ,15 48 ,12 20 91 1.37 19 , 46 89 15 .90 1 Sri 8.95 21 52 13.41 12 68 9,10 14 99 16 52 20.13 21 23 11 65 18.38 n .15 ,15 13 , 57 2 48 28 2 66 17 .60 76 9.19 18 23 9.19 13 20 7.29 13 94 10 52 12.91 18 38 9 86 15.21 14.45 ,23 .30 .08 .11 79 1.41 2.32 2.54 .23 .17 1.74 1.85 Average rates for either six month or twelve month period prior to the contest. March, 1930 49 That time and distance may be subject to your voice An Advertisement of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company The Bell Telephone System shapes the stuff of the earth to your communication needs. It delves into the forces and methods that enable you to project your voice where you wish. It searches the world for the materials needed to put its discoveries at your command, and fashions them into the con nected parts of a nation-wide system. It has dotted the nation with exchanges, and joined them and the connecting companies with the wires and cables which enable you to talk with anyone, anywhere. Each of the 24 operating companies of the Bell System is attuned to the needs of its area. Each is local to the people it serves and backed by national resources in research, methods and manufacture. Each has the services of the staff of the American Telephone and Tele graph Company, which is continually developing improvements in telephone operation. Each has the advantage of the specialized production of the Western Electric Company. This production em bodies the results achieved by the scientific start' of the Bell Telephone Laboratories, one of the great industrial research institutions of the world. Your telephone company is in a position to offer you the service which you have today because the Bell System is organized to meet your growing communication needs with increas ing satisfaction and economy. k When writing advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETY XEIt'S J 50 XATIOXAL SAFETY XEH's INDUSTRIAL HEALTH A Non-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen By C. O. SAPPINGTON, M. D., Dr. P. H. Director, Industrial Health Division, National Safety Council Mutual Benefit Associations HE subject of mutual benefit Tassociations is one to which an increasing amount of attention has been paid bv industrialists. Plans for such associations vary so widely that it is sometimes difficult for a company to decide what regula tions shall be adopted for a particular group of employees. The memorandum recently prepared on the subject "Mutual Benefit Asso ciations," by the Industrial Relations Section of Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, will probably fill a long-felt want in this field. A hasty perusal of the subjects sub mitted in this report will show its ex tent. Subjects Covered 1. Purposes. 2. Membership: fa) Compulsory or optional (b) Age limits (c) Other requirements (d) Waiting period (e) Initiation tee (i) Physical examination ig) Termination of membership 3. Dues and other income: (a) Members' dues (b) Payroll deduction of dues (c) Payment of dues during disability (d) Assessments (e) Company contribution to operat ing funds (f) Other sources of income 4. Sickness and accident benefits: (a) Rates per week (b) Waiting period (c) Length of time for which sickness and accident benefits are paid (d) Accident benefits and workmen's compensation (e) Benefits for employees on salary <0 Medical and hospital care (g) Mutual benefit associations and health preservation 5, Follow-up 6. Death benefits 7. Administration of the association: (a) Company participation in manage ment (b) The executive board ic) Officers (d) Committees Discussion The Industrial Relations group which sponsored this material has very wisely included a discussion of the following questions: 1. Is not the inauguration of a plan an undue extension of employer paternal ism? 2. What are the advantages of mutual benefit plans over company financed relief? 3. Why not allow group insurance to cover all risks, including sickness as well as accident and death? 4. Can a small company safely inaugu rate a mutual benefit association with out reinsurance? 3. Should the reserve or the assessment plan be followed? 8. Is a mutual benefit plan to be man aged by the employees? Other Features A short but very comprehensive bib liography is given especially for those "who have but little time to give to research on the subject." Primarily, the whole report is an analysis of one hundred selected and well-developed plans taken from the files of the Industrial Relations Sec tion. : Not the least of the interesting fea tures of the report is a tabular analy sis of twenty-five selected mutual benefit association plans which are considered under the following head ings : 1. Company. 2. Company contribution to the plan. 3. Employees' dues. 4. Length of time after sickness begins before benefit payments start. 5. Amount of disability benefit in case of sickness or accident. 6. Amount of death benefit. 7. Are benefits paid when employee con cerned is eligible to workmen's com pensation payments? S. Remarks. Summary This report represents an attempt to standardize administrative proced ures in mutual benefit associations. The Industrial Relations Section of Princeton University has reserved all rights to this material. No arrangement has been made to distribute copies through the National Safety Council, but it is possible that the industrial Relations Section at Princeton might accede to request for additional copies of this interesting report. A New Booklet on Health "The. Healthy Worker" is the title of a new booklet on personal health just published by the Na tional Safety Council. It is ad dressed to the worker and it is in tended to guide him in his thought about his own physical welfare, ft is written in simple, non-technical language, presenting the value of health and the methods of conserv ing it. "The Healthy Worker" is THE H EALTHY a companion volume to the two pre vious booklets, "Shop Safety," and "Safety in the Home." The booklet stresses health rather than illness and it deals with the preservation of health rather than the curing of diseases. Chapters are devoted to the care of the eyes, ears, nose, throat, skin, teeth and feet, also to posture, exercise, diet, sleep, recreation, clothing, mental health, and periodic health examina tions. . There are also helpful chapters on avoiding such common ailments as headache, constipation, colds, indi gestion and nerves. The booklet contains 48 pages and is freely illustrated with appropriate sketches. Sample copies and prices for quantities may be obtained from the National Safety Council. INFECTIONS (SUCH AS DERMATITIS) CAUSE GREAT SUFFERING TO WORKERS AND SERIOUS LOSS TO THE MANAGEMENT WESCOL THE SPECIFIC GERMICIDE HAS CONQUERED THIS PROBLEM PLANT PHYSICIANS AND SAFETY ENGINEERS TESTIFY TO THE MERITS OF WESCOL INSURANCE COMPANIES HAVE REDUCED COMPENSATION CLAIMS BY ADVISING THE USE OF WESCOL CAN YOU AFFORD TO IGNORE THESE RESULTS IF YOU HAVE INFECTIONS IN YOUR PLANT Send for booklet " Wescol--A Practical Germicide for use in Industrial Plants/' referring to this publication WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY 16 Barn Street, Long Island City, New York Branch Offices in 42 Principal Cities When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS XJTiOXAL SAFETY XEIYS Improving First Aid in the Small Plant By JOANNA M. JOHNSON, R. N. Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company Lack of proper first-aid facil ities is one reason for the high frequency and severity rates in many small plants. HERE are many reasons (or Texcuses) why adequate first aid is seldom practiced in the small plant. To the industrial nurse making a first visit in many ot these plants the conditions often appear very discouraging. Hut I have found that such conditions and a lack of appreciation of the impor tance of first aid are due usually to lack of knowledge, and that when opportunity to improve conditions and supply reasonably expert first aid is pointed out, the management frequently is ready enough to make a trial. In my long experience of indus trial first aid work I have found it most interesting to go into plants of all kinds and assist them in or ganizing for the proper care of A first-aid room for a small plant need not imitate a hospital in the amount and variety of equipment. This room has been equipped at a moderate cost but the quarters are minor wounds. In no instance have attractive and scrupulous cleanliness prevails. 1 found that the work failed to re duce those serious factors of des perate illness and lost time due to infections. Perhaps no phase of accident prevention work, therefore, is more important today. Would you like to accompany me through several small plants and learn just what can be accom plished through education and re peated efforts ? The following shop employs approximately 225 workers engaged in the manufacture of automobile radiators. We call on the manager and ex plain the purpose of our work. He in turn refers us to the plant super intendent, who after a friendly welcome shows us with profuse apologies a very inadequate and disheveled first-aid cabinet located in the employment office. While we are learning iust how far the employment man's knowledge of first aid extends, several workers come in. help themselves to oint ment, applying this well over the bruise or injury and bandage as well as they can. We ask if we may not be of some assistance, whereby they turn gratefully and thank us for a neat and well applied bandage. Repeated calls are made to this shop. To our dismay we find that the employment manager cannot be taught even the rudiments ot" clean liness or interest in prevention of skin irritations which so frequently occur as a result of handling acid solutions. There is no one else who can be assigned to do this work in this particular shop, and, after vari ous attempts at stimulating interest, we decide there must be a change made if the workers are to receive the proper attention and our sug gestions followed. Why wouldn't a trained nurse who had some employment experi ence be the solution to the problem here? Just such a nurse was found. The management agreed to give her a trial, not without the suspicion that perhaps a nurse would be out of place among the type of workers who might come in seeking employ ment. Since that time, a number of months have passed, and instead of disabilities due to infection, which numbered all the way from five to fifteen a month, they have passed through a period of six months with no surgical aid cases and no lost time. .Veedless to say. the employees as well as the management now are thoroughly sold on the nurse's accomplishments. For our second visit, here is a metal stamping shop with an aver age employment of 125. We meet one of the officials of the company and finally gain admit tance to the shop proper. The plant superintendent shows us a very in adequate first-aid box, which con tains a quart bottle of strong iodine, several bandages and ointment. The March, 1930 20 SECONDS ...and FIRE in the Finishing Shop is OUT Fire in smell dip tanks dies under a blanket of Lux gas. Lux gas kills the flames quickly... and without damaging parts or dirtying equipment. EFORE fire can endanger the rest of the B plant... before it can spread beyond the affected spray booth or dip tank, the Lux Extinguisher will snuff it out. Lux Gas is volumetric--3 dimensional--in its action. It expands like steam, when dis charged, penetrating over and around obstruct tions. Neither parts in process nor draft from the ventilating fans can hinder its fire-killing action. Lux ends both the flames and the fire inter ruption of work in 20 seconds. For after the Lux Extinguisher has been used, there is no mess of chemicals to be cleaned up... no material destroyed by the extinguishing agent. Lux gas, carbon dioxide, is bone dry, clean and absolutely harmless. It is removed by a few minutes ventilation. Over 15,000 Lux Extinguishers are in ser vice today. Experience has proved them very efficient first aid protection for hazards where paint, lacquer, varnish, etc. is applied. Lux protection will remove the danger of fire in your finishing shop--probably the worst hazard in your plant. By extinguishing fires without mess or after effects, it will reduce interruptions in work to the very minimum. Walter Kidde& Company,Inc. 140 Cedar Street KewYorK FT FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT m . ,y______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ When writing advertisers, please mention ArATlOSrAL SAFETY XEWS 34 XATIOS'AL SAFETV .V|['S Plenty of natural light is desirable for a first-aid room but adequate artificial light and liberal use of xvhite paint help to offset disadvantages of location. plant itself is a model of housekeep ing and is well guarded. The superintendent is thoroughly sold on the first-aid room, but has never been able to impress the management sufficiently with the importance of one. It is necessary to make a number of calls here before a location is decid ed upon. No available space could be spared in the shop proper, which would permit of proper light ing and ventilation. It was finally decided to annex a little room and provide it with all the necessary equipment to care for the minor in juries, which take place daily. Now that we have the room all equipped, to whom do we go for service ? Is there anyone who has had first-aid training, either in boy scout work or through previous plant experience? Apparently not. Two bright looking young girls, op erating kick presses, were chosen so that if one were absent, the other would be there to carry on. Instruc tions through practical demonstra tions were given them, also reading material incidental to their work. Simple records of each day's cases are kept. All injuries of a nature requiring medical attention are sent out. These girls have been much in terested, they have attended the first aid sfchool given by the Association of Commerce, and at no time have they been found to over-estimate their ability. Close supervision was given these workers for several months to keep up interest and increase their knowl edge. The results have been most gratifying. Calls are made at vari ous intervals to keep in touch with their work and to help them with problems as they go along. Upon several occasions employees have expressed their appreciation of such a clean looking station for first aid. In plant number three we are met with the following reception: "Nurse, I am so glad you came. You know, I don't know much about this job, but someone has to do it and they can most always find me." Thus spoke a timekeeper in a plant of 200 employees, where skin irri tations were frequent and lost time due to this condition, common. "My first aid room doesn't look so well. You see the girls use it for a lunch room and the janitor keeps his dog there. It really needs to be cleaned, but my work keeps me upstairs and I come only when called. We use an ointment for most of the cuts, bruises and everything. It is about all we have, besides bandages." To be sure, the first aid room did not look well. It really was a lovely, large, light place, but what house keeping! I feel sure that many of the employees waited until they reached home for some type of dressing, as this place gave them no incentive to take precautions or to apply fresh dressings when neces sary. The shop superintendent agreed to have the place thoroughly reno vated, walls washed, fresh covers for the cot, and before long the place took on an entirely new aspect. Tom, the timekeeper, moved hi., work into the first aid room, and up on my calls, cases requiring dressings were brought into the first aid sta tion. thus giving Tom first hand in formation as to treatment and prop er attention. Our best skin special ist was consulted. He gave us valu able information on the prevention and care of these cases, as he was very familiar with this type of der matitis; cases requiring medical at tention were sent to him. The ointment, made up of three parts of vasoline and one part of lan olin. is used as a preventive. It is applied twice daily: mornings before beginning operations, and again after lunch, when hands have been thoroughly cleaned. There is a registered nurse in at tendance here now. Cases are watched closely. The shop has ex cellent ventilating systems. im proved first aid conditions have re sulted in a decrease of loss of time as well as improved service for plant workers. These are but a few of manv plants which have improved firstaid conditions. We know many more will follow. Council Holds Course on Occupational Diseases CCUPATIONAL disease in in O dustry is becoming more and more a problem, and because its members were making continued in quiries about various phases of the subject, the Newark ( N. J.) Safety Council made a special study of it and found that little up-to-date, practical information was readily available. The council thereupon ar ranged to conduct a special lecture course, in cooperation with the Es sex County Medical Society and the Occupational Disease Clinic of the New Jersey Department of Labor. The subjects included in this lec ture course, which began February 11, were chosen because of their im portance in New jersey industries and because they are included in the State Compensation Law. Some of the poisonous materials are neces sary in industrial operations, and de velopment in connection with their use and the protection of workers has been so rapid that much of the information arranged for these lec tures is not yet available in any other way. STASAFE RESPIRATOR Designed for spray coating operators Soft rubber cushion easily removable for cleaning, comfortably fits operator's face. Quick acting valve is supplied for instant removal of entire rig. Respirator proper is easily tilted off face for coughing or expectorating. Entire respirator may be sterilized without injury. Based on the proven duo-pressure principle of the Watters Sandblast Hel met, this new respirator secures a posi tive and adequate circulation of uncontaminated air. Fresh air is supplied to the operator at all times and by the duo-pressure system all exhaled air is expelled by suction from the Stasafe respirator without ef fort on the part of the user. Extremely simple design allows com fortable and convenient use even in cramped quarters and its efficiency permits its use in hazardous air condi tions for an unlimited period of time. For spray painting the hook-up con sists of a T-shaped fitting inserted in the air line to the spray gun. A small valve regulates rate of air flow to the respirator. If desired respirator may be connected direct to air supply. Trial order is suggested. Standard Safety Equipment Co. 75 East Wacker Drive, Chicago 1060 Broad St., Newark, N. J. When writing advertisers, please mention .VATlOSfAL SAFETY S'Eli'S Vi XATlOXAL SAFETV XEfVS Members of Troup Xo. 4, Chicaqo C ouncil, Bov Scouts of .America, stud vina the Safetv lessons i'H the hack of the National Safetv Council Calendar. Scouts Use Calendar as Safety Text The ioss of a "big toe" cripples a man about _25% r (rl When moving a heavy truck one -houid ......Push it ......Pull it 14. It is more important to prevent acci dents than to give "First Aid". True.............. False,... .......... 19. Carbon monoxide gas smells like rot ten eggs. True False.............. 22. It is good fun to play with com pressed air. True........... ... False............. . 25. "Don't swim on a full stomach" means that if you go swimming right after dinner, it is safer to swim cm your back. True.............. False.............. 23. A taxicab company found that the driver who went only 25 miles an hour took a great deal more time to get where he was going than the driver who drove as fast as he could. True.............. False.............. 33. It is better to collect wages than ac cident compenation. True...... False.............. By J. S. BAKER Engineer, Public Safety Division, National Safety Council HE National Safety Calendar, Tfor many years familiar to thou sands of families whose bread of scout equipment. The awards were presented by G. C. Hodgson, of the Great Lakes Forge Company, at the winners are in the employ of Nationreagl ular Court of Honor held for this Safety Council members, has appeared troop. in a new and unusual role, that of a text on safety for a Boy Scout troop. The interest shown by the scouts and the results of examinations covering the subject matter on the back of the calendar proves again that the back of the calendar is as valuable as the front. The examination was of the choiceof-answer type. It consisted primar ily of 33 questions, all of which are fully answered by the informative ma terial on the 1930 calendar. The ques tions were so selected that they in dicated fully the familiarity of the scout with the material he had been The new use for the calendar must studying. In addition, it is interest be credited to the Great Lakes Forge ing to note that they illustrate forcibly Company of Chicago, which included the wide range of safety subjects cov in its annual order for calendars 80 ered bv the articles on the calendar extra copies, one for each member of back---safety at home, in the street, Troop 4, Chicago Council, Boy Scouts at work, and at play. Here are some of America. This troop has headquar of these questions: If you cannot an ters at the Association House of swer them yourself, try the back of Chicago, a neighborhood house and the safety calendar. community center at 2150 West North Avenue. 1. The best time to begin to practice "Safety First" is Under the direction of Scout Mas ..................New Year's Day ter Edwin Eells, the boys studied the articles on the calendar and, so far as practical, put into use the knowledge they thus gained. At the end of Jan ................... Today 3. The best person to teach safety to boys and girls is ............. The father or mother .............. The school-teacher uary an examination was given and the six scouts who had the highest marks were presented with certificates entitling them to select certain amounts 7. The number of persons who die in fires in the United States every year is about ..................... 10,000 .................... 2,000 The examination and awards given to this Boy Scout troop must not be confused with the regular scout work for the Merit Badge in Safety. The latter is open only to first-class scouts: whereas the entire troop could com pete for the calendar awards. How ever, the data on the reverse of the calendar is all extremely valuable for candidates for the Merit Badge in Safety. Several community safety councils have undertaken activities similar to the educational work carried on in this Scout Troop by means of the Na tional Safety Council Calendar. For Instance, the Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, with headquarters at Pittsburgh, has conducted Boy Scout First Aid contests for the last two years. At the last contest 51 teams representing more than a score of troops from Pittsburgh and neighbor ing communities participated. Each team was sponsored by some indus trial tirm, and awards of Scout mer chandise were made. Another council, the New Haven Safety Council, has been conducting examinations for the Scout Merit Badge in Safety, and sev eral other safety councils have from time to time utilized Boy Scouts in safety programs, campaigns, etc. A general test for safety education, developed by Herbert j. Stack, Fellow in Safety Education, has been pub lished by the National Bureau of Casualty & Surety Underwriters and approved by the Education Division WIRE ROPE tor all PURPOSES cA nation wide DISTMBUTING O^GAJNIZATION ....at your service A plant, operating 24 hours daily, build ing quality into Wire Rope and an en gineering staff to give the user expert advice and efficient co-operation. Williamsport Wire Rope Company Main office and works: Williamsport, Pa. AERIAL HAULAGE is the most ECONOMICAL When writing advertisers, piease mention S'ATIOS'AL SAFETY ,YElf'S b'AT.'O.VAL SAFETY SEWS of the National Safety Council. This test is similar but more elaborate than the one given to the Scouts who stud ied the calendars given to Troop 4. It is intended to indicate where stress should be laid in safety educational work and what success is being ob tained through safety educational methods. This examination might very effectively he used either in con nection with the Council Calendar or other safety activities. The New Haven Safety Council has made use of it in examining scouts for Safety Merit Badges. The use of the National Safety Council Calendar as an educational ac tivity among Boy Scouts suggests that adults might profit also by the wealth of information that has been carefully worked out for making the calendar useful for more than ordinary date determining and ornamental purposes. If, when the month is over and a new calendar leaf is brought into view, the back of the old one were carefully studied, by the end of the year one would have a very good conception of the ordinary hazards which surround us in our everyday life and of the most usual methods for avoiding in jury or death from accidental causes. New York City Industries Launch Safety Drive NSURANCE and casualty officials City district. Counting in the loss of I of New York City have announced wages due to preventable accidents their hacking of the city-wide safety the total accident tax on business and campaign which is scheduled to begin labor in the New York City district March 1 under the auspices of the is estimated by statisticians of the Greater New York Industrial Safety Industrial Commission at around $00, Contest Committee organized by The 000,000. Merchants' Association of New York, Among those cooperating in the sponsor of the contest. campaign are Lewis A. DeBlois, di In the riscal year ending June ISO, rector, Safety Engineering Division, 19211, compensation awards by the National Bureau of Casualty and State Industrial Commission amounted Surety Underwriters; W. Graham to $32,122,815. In addition there was Cole, director of Safety Service, Met a bill of over $10,000,000 for medical ropolitan Life Insurance Company, expenses and over $20,000,000 for ad Dr, Leonard W. Hatch of the State ministrative expenses connected with Industrial Board; T. L, Thompson, compensation work. The figures of superintendent, Engineering and In the State Industrial Commission in spection Division. The Travelers In dicate that almost two-thirds of the surance Company; M. H. Christoph- losses were sustained in the New York erson, director of service, State Insurance Fund: Lew R. Palmer, con servation engineer, Kquttahle Lite As surance Society of tlie United States; Harold K, Kramer, district chief en gineer, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company; G. B. McAinsh, district engineer, American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, and julieti H, Harvey, manager. New York itiire National Safety Council. Mr. DeBlois is chairman of a com mittee which has drawn into cooper ation about fifteen commercial and trade organizations and a large num ber of individual representatives of va rious trades in promoting a safety campaign which will cover the entire city. The campaign is to take the form of a safety contest in which approxi mately 5(1,01*0 firms are eligible to participate. Through The -Merchants' Association and its cooperating organi zations invitations will be extended to all of these firms: prizes will be awarded to those firms making the best safety records and certificates will be given to all firms completing the con test without any lost time accidents. In connection with the campaign an educational crusade will be conducted through the medium of shop meetings and other agencies with a view to im pressing upon employees the necessity for care. Along with the efforts to instruct employees there will also be a movement to impress upon employers the desirability of making use of the latest safety methods in their plants. Cooperating insurance companies are asking their clients to join in the con test as a matter of self-interest as well as in the cause of humanity. The following rules have been established by the committee in charge : The contest will be open to all employers in New York City (regardless of the num ber of employees) engaged primarily in manufacturing, installation or operation ac tivities which are included in the industrial groups of the New York State Workmen's Compensation Law, except concerns engaged primarily in the transportation of passen gers or material. Eligible organizations maintaining several plants or major projects may enter each as an individual contestant. Each contestant however, shall enter in one group all of its employees except office employees not ex posed to plant hazard. Contestants will be grouped first on a basis of comparable hazards as determined by industrial classifications or contracting risks and, second, by number of man hours. Only accidents occurring and causing lost time during the period of the campaign shall he considered. A "lost-time" accident shall mean "any injury or occupational dis ease within the meaning of the New York State Workmen's Compensation Law and its interpretation, arising out of and in the course of employment, which results in death, permanent disability or in loss ot time other than the remainder of the day, shift or turn on which the injury or disa bility is incurred." The Invisible Hazard y eeing is 99 per cent of accident prevention. SThe workman who can see the hazards around him has a chance to take safety precautions. But he cannot protect himself against the treach erous hazard which creeps in and surrounds him silently and invisibly---flammable gas. The U.C.C. Combustible Gas Indicator protects this workman. It does not depend on samples. It is carried into the atmosphere to be tested, and gives immediate warning of the presence of flammable gases. Return the coupon below for booklet describ ing the U.C.C. Indicator and its applications. Distributed by UNION CARBIDE SALES COMPANY Unit of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation NEW YORK CHICAGO and BULLARD-DAVIS,inc. SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO Union Carbide Sale* Co., Safety AppliJnce Department, 30 Eaat 42nd St., New York, N. Y. Please pend me vour new booklet about the L\ C- C. Combustible Gat Indicator. The U.C.C. Combustible Gas Indicator Street and Address ll'hcn zvritiny advertisers, /'lease mention .V.I/'/OX.iL SAFETY X Ell'S City. .. ,,, State . . ,. 60 XATIOXA L SAFETY S'F.W; BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS H NEW PUBLICATIONS Ammunition Manufacture: Small arms ammunition. Published by the Retail Credit Co., Atlanta, Ga,, 1930. ljpj fortke SAFETY MAN 5s 'industry Report), (Pamphlet). ' Mines and Mining: Reducing accidents from falls of roof j,, COMPILED BV LIBRARY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL is al mines. Published by U. S. Bureau of .Mines, Washington, D. C.. 1030. Free. * In 1}further information is desired concerning any of the entries on this page, the Librarian will be pleased to assist inquirers. formation Circular No. 622.5 ), Rice. G. 8. and others, Rock dust barriers for coal mines. Published by C, S, Bureau of Alines, Washington, D. C,, 1030. Free, i Serial 2077), SHATTERING HEALTH Front old-fashioned standards this SUPERSTITIONS seemed a little like putting the proverbial cart before the horse but in this gem of a Fjshhem, Morris, M. f). Shattering Health Su- book. Doctor Emerson makes even the Cerstition*!, An Kxpinsjon or False theories and notions in the held of health and popuiar medicine. Published hv Horace Liveright, Inc., New York, 19.M. Price* $}.00. hardboiled reviewer feel that there is a wealth of reason in the health approach to disease. This small book is written in such an WHENEVER Doctor Fishhein, who Is editor of the Journal of the Amer ican Medical Association, writes a enthusiastic fashion that it picks up the bomuopkinwdarodf the reader and grade until he carries really it along an sees health for the laity, physicians do not know on the horizon for everyone. And yet, whether to laugh or weep. Certainly, the Doctor Emerson pictures no Utopia, no American mind, so far as medical and phantasmagoric future. health theories are concerned, is one of the most unusual in the history of civili In dean cut and terse phrases, illus trated with pictures that really illustrate, zation. The American will firmly believe almost anything he is told and the fakirs Doctor Emerson presents a system of di agnosis that is bound to be of major im in health propaganda have found this portance when it is known better. naive and serious person a veritable gold The book is a valuable contribution to mine. medical literature. It is written in such an Taking his cue from "The American elementary and interesting style that lay Credo" of Mencken and Nathan, Doctor men can read it and enjoy it and prosper Fishhein takes several of the most cur by the lessons it teaches. Without being rent superstitions and deliberately- cracks dogmatic or didactic, the book is a clarion them into small bits with sledge hammer call for the rehabilitation of our semi blows of reason and high good sense well well masses. sprinkled with the slv wit for which he is It is a book for the desk of the'execu famed. tive industry. If the book is read, and If you do not care to eat oysters in thought about, there is no likelihood that Police Reporting: International Association of Chiefs of Police, Uniform crime reporting, A com plete manual for police. Published by the in ternational Association of Chiefs of Police, 201 Breadway, New York City, 1929. 4i>4p[ Free. ' Book I. Profit Sharing: Sharing profits with employees. Published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York City, 1929, 29p. Free i Pam phlet ). Textile Industry: Great Britain Home Office, Report on conference between employers, operatives and inspectors concerning fencing of ma chinery, first aid and other safeguards in cotton weaving factories. Published by II, At. Stationery Office. Adastrai House, Kingswav, London, W. C. 2, 1020. 2tp. Price Sc. (Pamphlet). Great Britain Home Office, Report on con ferences between employers, operatives and inspectors concerning fencing machinery, prevention of accidents, first aid and temp erature in cotton spinning mills. Published by H. M. Stationery Office, Adastrai House, Kingswav, London W. C. 2, wall, ggp. Price 8c. s Pamphlet). August just because there is no "r" in the reader will not put one or two of the August, Doctor Fishhein pats you on the ideas expressed into practice because he PERIODICAL ARTICLES back and tells you that the Government cannot help seeing some parallels to him Anthrax: has successfully initiated sanitary proced self in the book. _ Anthrax as an occupational disease. In ures in the production of oysters for It has been the most invigorating medi ,American Journal of Public Health, Feb human consumption and that the old fear cal book that has come to this desk in ruary, 1930, p. 155-160. has been washed away. But, of course, many a dav. We are hoping that Doctor Automobile Driving: if you wish to forego the pleasure of en Emerson will tell us more about his ideas. Hudson, A., Safety campaigns for motor joying the succulent bivalve in August, --,V. D. Marbaker. If. D. truck drivers. In Power ff'aqan, February, that is your hard luck. 1930, p. 20-22. ' The discussion of eating parsley for the ILLUSTRATED MIMEOGRAPHING The skidding season is here. In Travelers prevention of halitosis is a wide spread panacea. We are wondering if it could be possible for Doctor Ftshbetn to have Edmonds. 'Elmer V,, Illustrated Mimeographing. Published by the author, 1627 North Ave,, 54, Los Angeles, Calif. 72 pp., illus., index. Price, $10.00, Standard, January, 1930, p. 5-1,2. Boilers: Low-pressure-steam heating boilers. In associated this long standing truism with certain advertisements that have been Travelers Standard. February, 1930, p, 32 HE duplicating machine has come 36. ` Tseen by a few of the readers of the public prints lately. The discussion of the various fears and beliefs relative to the prospective mother are always amusing and Doctor Fishbein has succeeded in reducing them to such absurdity that a reader can scarcely for give himself for having believed them as being true. All in all. it is a joyous book, with plenty of laughter thrown in and not a few tears for the inanity of our beliefs and customs,--A', D, Marbaker, M, D. THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEALTH Emerson, William R, P., M, D. The Diagnosis of Health, Published hr D, Appleton & Co., New York, mo. Price $i.00. OCTOR Emerson has been known* to D medical circles for a long time as one physician who had something tinctly different to offer in the conduct of treating ill people. Instead of discussing the matter of "Just how sick are you':" distapboawtetaocIamiihwgfrllhiitnanollbcvrnquourfuhuheeoaTdeIncdtuottoissnaitephdsmstschhkiristitiphxaneoueyvikhnrreoaduetamciaaxeetihcrsenhfdstelodseeptltahauigdeieeshineriuutlteaoserulahl,ynotegsasrrnnwsambioiwwptonebtneidtssllfispihrekbetdlfdbanoni,uiuruftereosdupecstbeohcelschpnstieivilrtalidnrshhlsptereanooeada.rlmeiugtiaiapamagrdtnezlinsspmiunmesrrnenetedusaeeeoaerievcctf-tsoiinocaebnghfapmtcattitiindiuilnttonofunanhntivreeeeorousmiciaednreteegt.edtroecr.yihndsixtlsataaegdwtdeywppephimldrothhlatefooheaoooofawfIionbeonescssapfersttbdfciuisusokyehmdmtitvthiilpn.torhepvsievbeldpteuestpw.iedesfrxifilsmnlftsosheoaweiAprehhtcoyttowdiromlecerirsNeoougeiwasfuiabumtrrtesssrfieetiutlootacnoeeidesmpewoitmmntortgnafehncfrican.keiomokacs.taoesithoa,tmdhnecrnhidarIeloTdroiooatttgeuttttieaenhhhcshruinahomoosootsaxiteseeeedoezessff,ffltinesEPBCdtpIFtpi.1BNQunino.o9ryxaouiuoanouJ3rSCTDnBFFnprwsl,et1bn0oayalhh.aoiuoioleE7,olrhe,sormoeeofnneFw-DPttnenntr1spesimdnsrnieIsat,1q8rt.piruro,ynepvleo,b.9.lliiiilyscvnt2l'.3rneivMJraeadJet,Stu5e0ih,.esuialnqaav.so,I.aeiaJ:fntnntoneg.MIfFHhrnreafsnttypeuinAn:eidisin.oir,,.atFt,raI.eu'yiaI,n5noriAnaS2yrnB,FfndeofEr,2.dYaaauei.yfu1l-rnnanmSfrob,21a9eseEPafddcH98unr3aitatc1ruint3r.0dynrfeao9oouPa0eg,yCeasz3rtl,nrtima:prey.a0n'yenyposop,cbrrdo,er.e,tnodit,tronIeafepiEtutsn91orr.esrq.'fyc1ca9n9aiinurcn,-ott3-2coaeS4triFi1tgouo04eo,ti--ifa0lonii,,3nrars_onr0fyen-eneoan2J:p.Aediuti5,an.oylsrara1nEips.sinf1vr'dcuhieonTrvq6heiaaercgaas,-,Searrin1.inpta_nmy.tar8d1uipJtoei9if.aibllaoceii2ne3nerunIan2It0vsrndgyn-.l,,,. Doctor Emerson asked "How well are introduce interest and variety into mimeo 1930, p. 55-56. you today:" graphed literature.--C, T. Fish. (Continued on fage 62i March, 1930 When an Accident Occurs! Everyone Loses The Workman: loses part of his wages; possibly a part of his anatomy; occa sionally, his life. The Employers loses four dollars in lost time, spoiled material, overhead and turnover costs, for every dollar paid by the insurance company. The Insurance Company: loses the sums paid in Compen sation benefits and medical and surgical expenses. 61 When an Accident is Prevented! Everyone Gains The Workman: receives a full day's pay for a full day's work, and is spared much pain and suffering. The Employer: cuts down the overhead and acci dent costs of his plant, leaving a bigger margin for dividends. The Insurance Company: is left with a wider margin to spend on further Safety Engi neering activities. The Public: is forced to pay these accident costs in the costs of the finished article. The Public: frequently benefits from these economies by lower prices for what it buys. THE Safety Engineering and Inspection Service rendered by The Travelers to its Compensation policyholders has achieved remarkable success in preventing indus trial accidents. It has saved the lives and limbs of thousands of workers, and millions of dollars for American employers. If you are interested in reducing the Accident costs of your plant, send for a copy of the booklets describing Travelers Safety Engineering Service. The Travelers The Travelers Insurance Company The Travelers Indemnity Company HARTFORD, The Travelers Fire Insurance Company ^ CONNECTICUT When zvriting advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS .VATfO.VAL SAFETY XFJYs HERE'S AN UNUSUAL PROTECTION More Life Savers Qualify for The President's Medal FOR WELDERS TEX acts ut courage and presence When Walter J. Beeler first attend of mind have been recognized by ed the course in first aid conducted l>v she National Safety Council durintghe Newark, X, j., Safety Council a the past few weeks through awards ui year ago, he was so overcome bv the "The i'resident's Medal," given to lecturer's references to injuries am) those who save life by application of bleeding that he was obliged to leave the prone pressure method of resus the room. His determination over citation. came his aversion to unpleasant details An outstanding feature ot these and he finished the course with a rat eases was the skill and thoroughness ing of 10U per cent. Last July his with which resuscitation was applied. knowledge was put to practical use In several instances physicians who when he restored an unidentified wom appeared at the scene declined to inter an who had been brought to the shore fere, saving that approved methods of apparently drowned. Beeler is em resuscitation were being carried on so ployed by the Standard Oil Company skillfully that they themselves could of Xew jersey as garage mechanic. do no more. Harry H. Hart, colored, a private Following are recent awards : chauffeur in Williamstown, Mass., re Mrs. Myrtle Mae French of North suscitated William P. Burke, who had Plainfield, X. L is the first woman in been rendered apparently lifeless by "AS nearly perfect as ; the state to receive the President's electric shock. ^ 1 anything yet developed in the line of welder's helmets," is what everybody says i Medal. By applying her knowledge of j the prone pressure method of resusci tation learned while attending a safety meeting with her husband, a line fore man employed by the Public Service Richard Ouance, an employee of the American C'yanamid Companv, Niag ara Falls, hit., saved the life of Jo seph Padderatz, a victim of electric shock. about the six different Corporation of New jersey, she was types of Sellstrom Welders' Helmets that afford unusual protec tion for this hazardous job, and Sellstrom's five styles of Hand Shields, able to save the life of Lillian Kline who was apparently dead from drown ing. , _, Among the life savers who qualified for the medal were three employees of the Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago. Joseph Petted saved the life New Publications (Continued jrom page 60) ^1929 tire losses---U. S, and Canada, In National FireProtection Association, Quarterly, January, 1930, p. 215-216. Xukotls, A. H,, Cellulose nitrate and acetate tilm. tn Rational Fire Protection which are another form of protection that weld ers must have, give Super-Service and ad ded comfort. This equipment is com fortable, light-weight and adjustable. Inter changeable lenses, which may be changed without breakage, the general rigid construetion and compactness, are other important features. Sellstrom Goggles are another protection to keep flying objects and spattering liquids out of workmen's eyes. Neti; illustrated catalog gladly sent on request of Roman Wiese who was apparently lifeless from drowning. Petted worked on the stricken man for an hour and a half before he was able to breathe without assistance. Julius Watkin restored to consciousness Walter Prokresz who had been over come by carbon monoxide. Claude C, Poenisch saved his neighbor, Mrs. Bertha B. Day from death by asphyxi ation. Mrs. Day had been overcome when the food she had been preparing boiled over and extinguished the gas , flame. Clarence Middleton, an employee of 1 the Public Service Corporation of Xe%v j'ersev at Yardville Heights, iaved Mrs. Hettie Andrews of Bordentown who was apparently drowned, Arthur H. Wanamaker, Brooklyn, X, Y,, rushed into the store of Harry Rchloedt and revived Echloedt who i ; had ceased breathing because of as phyxiation. Combining a knowledge of life-sav ing methods with personal courage, [ Ephraim W. Decker, West Brighton, Association, Quarterly, January, 1930, p. 236-242. ' The Pathe Studio fire. In National Fire Protection Association, Quarterly, januarv, J 030, p. 220-226. `' Railroad fire hazards. In National Fire Protection Association, Quarterly, January, 1930, p. 227-228. ... Gasoline: The gasoiine-vapor hazard. In Travelers Standard. February, 1930, p. 36-40, Lumbering and Logging: Braun, K. W., Accidents in logging camps. In Journal of American insurance. January, 1930, p. 5-6, 27. Marine Industry: Hobson, F. it., Safety for submarine crews. In Marine Age, Januarv 1 j, 1930, p. 20-22. "` Mines and Mining: Adams, W. \V., War against accidents. In Coal Age, January, 1930, p. 26-28. Safety Campaigns: Haberstick, P. F., Safety and advertising. In Blast furnace and Steel Plant, January, 1930, p. 106-107, 198. Safety Committees: Conway, F. P,, The value of the safety committee. In Marine Age, January 13, 1930, p. 11-13. Tools---Hand: , Accidents and the tooi crib. In i raveters Standard, January, 1930, p. 14-20, SELLSTROM MFG. CO. Staten Island, pulled nine-year old Dominick Maiello from a third rail Manufacturer* of a large assortment of Eye Protective Devices. 344 North. Ogden Ave. Chicago ' ; and revived him. The boy was badly j burned but Decker's prompt work t saved his life. Ventilation and Exhaust Systems: . Hayes, D. F,, Jr,, Ventilating system m the new paint shop of the Pittsburgh Rail ways Co,, improves working conditions and reduces fire hazards. In Electric Traction, November, 1929, p. 589-590. IVlten writing advertisers, please mention S'ATIOS'AL SAFETY" S'Ell'S Monk, WO <;;5 ARE YOUR LAMPS * * BEING STOLEN? Multiple Lamplok Offers A Simple, In expensive Method of Stopping This Loss A MISSING LAMP IS A MAJOR LIABILITY Multiple Lamplok Locks Lamp Securely In Socket* Lamp Is Unlocked By Special Tool Without Breakage Of Glass* Purpose Of Lamplok Is Economy And Accident Prevention* Lamplok shown above is a fixture that will outlast 15 lamps. "From Lamp to Lamp From Year to Year. " MULTIPLE SELLING CORPORATION 354 Madison. Avenue, New York, N. Y. Send this coupon today and secure immediate protection against the lamp thief. f MULTIPLE SELLING CORP, t 354 Madison Ave,, Nrw York City * Gentlemen: 4 Please send 0 Name -- ... - 1i i Address packages (100) Multiple Lamplok* at $15 per hundred, ------- -- ----------------------- - , --- ------- -- __ -_________ iVhen writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS CA XATIOX.IL SAFETY Yj;irs 73 Plants Win Trophies in New York State Drive ICCNCIAD PEER CE INPU/TPI4L GOGGLE/ IRONCLADS are new--cor rectly new--in design, material and appearance. A newness which embodies an array of fea tures seldom found in one indus trial goggle. IRONCLAD cups are moulded of a new material and will comfortably fit the contour of the face. The sidescreens--interchanging of lenses--chain nose-bridge-- and headbands---all combine to make IRONCLAD goggles what they are. Far above the class of "just another goggle," IRON CLADS are worthy of your investigation. We'll be glad to do our best to convince you by submitting sample pairs for in spection and trial in your own plant. Manufactured by cmcAG0 eye /HIELD CCMPANy 23CC HAPPEN AVE. CHICAGO* ILL. WITH new records in reducer! accident frequency and with all records shattered in the number competing firms, the Fifth Annual State-wide Accident Prevention Cam paign of the Associated Industries nf tv York State. Inc,, came to a close on November in. The drive was completed by l,|,s( firms employing a total of 2:ii workers in the manual trades. The accident frequency mark of f.iif per I nit men per year was set up as against, a mark of .".it set the previous year by 1.0211 firms employing 2 1 ers. work In the three months' drive the larger number of employees competing this year experienced 23 fewer accidents than in 1928, the total being 9.lid as against 3,438 the previous year. A slight increase in severity was noticed, however, due to nine fatalities in imp) as against six in 11)23. It is indicative of a very encourag ing spirit among the contestants that the large number of employees were able to hold the severity rate to a low figure and at the same time reduce the accident frequency rate so mate rially. Approximately one-half of the participating firms completed the drive with records of 10U per cent, in short without a lost-time accident. Associated Industries presented 13 mounted trophies to as many winners in the various groups, and upwards of 500 certificates of merit to other firms completing the campaign free from accidents hut lacking the necessary man-hour exposure to qualify as group leaders. In addition 15 certificates of honorable mention were distributed. Most of the awards were presented to the winners at dinner celebrations which were made notable events in the various communities of the state where groups of contesting firms were lo cated. In many cities chambers of commerce, manufacturers' associations and other organizations interested and aiding in the drive have participated in the celebrations which have aroused much interest in the communities. Such affairs have been held or are be ing held in Utica, Rochester. Bingham ton, Jamestown, Troy, Allens Falls, Syracuse, Albany, Newburgh, New York, Brooklvn, Poughkeepsie, Bata via, Auburn, Long Island City, Olean, Dunkirk, Amsterdam, Lockport, Buf falo and Middletown. Interest in the campaign did not end with its formal closing. Many of the companies which came through the pe riod without accident are now staging endurance contests to see how long their records can be maintained. When writing advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETY StFit'? March, 1930 05 Bethlehem Steel Continues Cash Safety Awards THE awarding of rash prizes for accident reduction will be con tinued during 1930 hv the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Careful consider ation of the results of the contests during the past two years has shown the desirability of continuing along the same lines during the present year. To the groups making the greatest reduction in lost time due to accidents during each three-month period of the year, quarterly awards will be made amounting to $1,000, $500 and $250 in gold. A special prize will also be given to the group making the best record for the whole year. The only change in the 1030 con test is the method of establishing the bogie rate for each group. For the past two years the lower of the yearly severity rates of the two previous years has been used. This year it is proposed to use the average severity rate for the last three years. The annual safety trophy awarded to the group making the greatest per centage of reduction in lost time due to accidents for the year 192!) as a whole was won by the Cambria group. The trophy is a handsome dock mount ed on a pedestal and bearing an ap propriate inscription. In the 1928 con test the trophy was won by the Steelton group. Car Icing Plants Make Good Safety Records Smashed toes cost money The special construction of the box-toe in "Star Brand" Safety Shoes goes beyond the ordinary standards of safety. Within the full vamp and the leather cap toe is a metal reinforcement vulcanized between two layers of strong "tarfelt," which makes a toe-guard with unusual resistance against blows or heavy pressure. The soft, pliable, giovey uppers of these shoes are strongly fastened with brass tacks to the fine leather soles. The counters are of sole leather, covered by outside counter pockets triple-stitched to the quarters. As sturdily built as they are, these SIXTEEN car icing stations of the City Ice and Fuel Company of Cleveland operated through 1929 with out a lost-time accident and without a public tiabilitv accident. These 16 sta tions worked a total of 899,161 man hours during the year. During 1928, eight stations came through without an accident, and six of these were able to continue their good records through the second year. In addition to ordinary hazards found in the manufacture and stor age of ice, car icing calls for men to work on platforms 25 feet or more above ground where the nature of the work makes it impossible to use hand rails or toe hoards, and to work on top of refrigerator cars whose steel roofs are frequently wet or frosty. Under such conditions a slip means a fall to the ground ten or twelve feet below. Safety work is handled by the companv's insurance department in Cleve land supported by the active coopera tion of each operating division super intendent. Safety committees are or ganized at each location to correct un safe practices, teach new employees, and look out for physical hazards. shoes are light in weight, which makes them comfortable to wear. They are safety shoes worthy of the name. "Star Brand" Safety Shoes are sold by responsible dealers in practically every industrial community. Names gladly fur nished on request. Roberts,Johnson&RXnd Branch o* International Shoe Co w "STAR BRAND SAFETY ARE BETTER" When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS oc> NATIONAL SAFETY S'EIVs 28 Cement Mills Have No BURN/ IN ANY PO/ITION Other Features ! Self Cleaning Operates in Any Weather In any position, in any degree of weather, under any con dition of service, WALL DREADNAUGHT Blow Torches are positive in operation. In addition, many other vital features make them truly "service-with-safety" torches. Built for Severe Service Eliminates Complaints P. Wall Mfg. Supply Co. 3216 Preble Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. DREADNAUGHT i; MS BLOW TORCHES' lit the N. y. NEWS B'ld'g Raymond Hood, John Mead Howell, Architect* (On Bldg Contr* --Hegcman Him* Co , N Y ) nj fruitum* st lUunrsted) YORK, with its scores at distinguished office struc rures has none that surpass this magnificent new building It is an architectural masterpiece, and we are proud to say that Halsey Taylor fountains were installed throughout The Halsey \V> Taylor Co., Warren, 6. Ne. 631 HALSEY TAYLOR DRINKING FOUNTAINS No. 618 Heavy vitreous chin* receptor: ateel tubinr standard and castiron open base for connections, above floor line. Gray fin ish. Two-stream pro doctor, automatic stream control. One ot many desirable types for industry] 4A Write for Illustrated cata log- showing complete Halsey Taylor Une. Accidents in 1929 TWENTY EIGHT cement mills operated by member companies of the Portland Cement Association completed the year of 1929 without a lost-time accident, according to the report made up from statistics kept by the Association. The record is bv far the best that has ever been made by the industry; in 1928 only 17 plants completed the year without an accident. Since the mills are distributed all over the country--from the Lehigh Valley on the east, to California on the west, and from Irwin, Washington, on the north, to Houston, Texas, on the south--the record completely dis pels the argument that "regional" hazards, due to climatic condition, labor or process, have any notice able influence on the accident rec ord. Three of the above mentioned 28 plants have to their credit three con secutive years without a lost-time mishap. These are the Ironton, Ohio, plant of the Alpha Portland Cement Company; the Cowell, Calif., plant of the Cowell Portland Cement Company; and the Tola, Kansas, plant of the Lehigh Port land Cement Company. Six mills have operated two years without accident. These are the Mannheim, W. Va., and Bellevue. Mich., mills of the Alpha Portland Cement Company; the CapewGirardeau, Mo., mill of the Marquette Ce ment Manufacturing Company; the Dallas, Texas, plant of the trinity Portland Cement Company: and the Ormrod, Pa., No. 3 plant of the Le high Portland Cement Company. The plants of the Lehigh Portland Cement Company have been highly successful in reducing accidents in the last five years. The only plant in 1924 to win a trophy was the mill at Mitchell, Ind. Every year since, except in 1925, one or more of the Lehigh units have been on the honor roll. In 1928, five of its plants won the award, and four had perfect rec ords during 1929, the fifth plant losing out the last week in Decem ber. Offer Prize for Suggestion on Waste Elimination AS a means of stimulating active interest of industrial workers in waste elimination, the Advisory Board of the National Industrial Equipment Exposition has agreed to offer a certificate of merit to be When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS .March, 1930 awarded to the company whose em ployee sends in the best suggestion or idea for use in "Waste Elimina tion." A cash award of $50 will be presented to the employee sending in the best letter not exceeding 300 words, embodying the suggestion and anv other matter pertaining to it. The award committee will consist of J. D, Cunningham, president, Republic Flow Meters Company, Chicago; John Carmody, editor, Factory and Industrial Management and C. B. Auel, Westinghouse Elec tric and Manufacturing Company. The basis of the award is to be on the practical use of the suggestion to American industry, and second, the quality of the suggestion. Any company is eligible to send in three suggestions from their employees for consideration, the company be ing the one to decide which sugges tions to send in for the competition. Entries are to be sent to the Na tional Industrial Equipment Expo sition, 308 West Washington Street, Chicago, and must be received be fore midnight, May 80. Many Defective Cars in Use on Highways OF 1,383,000 Pennsylvania motor vehicles examined in a recent in spection campaign, 1,332,000 were found to be in need of repair, accord ing to the Pennsylvania Motor Vehi cles Commission as reported by The Automobile Club of Illinois. Almost 56 per cent of the machines inspected required lamp adjustments, while an additional 10 per cent needed entire lamp replacement. Inspectors reported that they adjusted brakes on 23 per cent of the cars and trucks examined. Relining was necessary on five per cent of the cars. Js SAFETY MEASURE anywhere or Listed as Standard by Underwriters' Laboratories "GOLD MEDAL" SAFETY PLATFORM LADDER 'THROUGHOUT industry this lad der is chosen for its double ----- safety. The enclosed platform is unique in providing security for the man who climbs. The structuralstrength insuressafetyand long life. A handy tool rack is formed by the slotted and grooved hardwood top. Ask your jobber. Or write us for full details. THE PATENT SCAFFOLDING CO. A Fire Fight ing Unit for Every Hazard pj'ir'i : m lIWulacfumtg (lorapan NEWARK NEW JERSEY When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 08 NATIONAL SAFETY XF.Ws Dimensions Personals Emergency Accident Case No. 50 JOHXSOX & JOHNSON offer Emergency Acci dent Cases for specialized industries where condi tions require exceptionally strong and durable units and simplified contents. The industrial packets contained therein are inter changeable. Where more than one of an item is included in a packet, each is so wrapped that one or more may be used without disturbing the sterility of the others. Write for Descriptive Circular Xo. 4-70 L'Wn/ NEW BRUNSWICK. The Word "Safety" Cannot i>e Compared A thing or a project is either "safe" or "unsafe," there is no neutral ground be tween these extremes. Luther D. Burlingame, industrial , superintendent, Brown & Sharpe ' Manufacturing Company, has been elected president of the Providence . R. L, Safety Council. Other officers ; for the current year are: Executive Vice-President--Charles E. fern, United Electric Railways Com pany; Secretary--Harvey Saul, The U. S. Finishing Company; Treas urer--Paul A. Jacobson. The following officers have been ! elected by the Chicago Safety Coun cil; Chairman--Joseph X.'Galvin, president, Pennoyer Merchants Transfer Company; First Vice Chairman--William Pasche, super intendent of safety, Chicago Surface Lines; Second Vice-Chairman--E. L). Conant, vice-president, Buda Com pany; Treasurer--Harry ,\1, Webber, superintendent of claims, Illinois Bell Telephone Company. John M. Sandel, engineer for the Employers' Liability Assurance Corn., Ltd., at the Chicago office and formerly safety engineer on the head quarters staff of the National Safety Council, has been transferred to the company's New York office where the will supervise educational activities. E. j. Sullivan, formerly with the Union Indemnity Company at New Orleans, La., has been appointed di rector of safety for the Arkansas Natural Gas Corporation and its sub sidiaries, with headquarters at Shreve port, La. Centred "Knobby" Non-Skid Floor Plates are safe, they prevent many foot slips yet do it so unobserved and with such little effort that many aversions of accidents that should be credited to them pass by unnoticed. In fact, 30 exclusively efficient is the design of these real slip-proof plates that a patent has been granted on their con struction---they are also listed by the Underwriters' Laboratories. Let us send you a sample Central Iron & Steel Co. Harrisburg, Penns. Branch offices tn all principal cities f.EMNNMKWTIBTMjHruiOLMTKtMNlt5MOmaB(BSAY4 NON-SKID P* n RC6. 0 S. WT OOffIffICt rLOOBBlHTES Pennsylvania R. R. Offers More Safety Trophies TWENTY-ONE trophies will be awarded by the Pennsylvania Railroad in the Safety Trophy Con test for 1930. The awards will be on the basis of the whole year's per formance, one trophy being provided for each of the geographical units of the system and departments of divisions having the lowest em ployee casualty rates. In previous contests there were five trophies which were awarded quarterly to each of the regional departments making the best safety records, the trophies becoming the permanent property of the units establishing the best record for the whole year. The improvement made in the ac cident record during the past two years has shown the value of con tests. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1930 N. B. C. To Broadcast Third Universal Safety Series 69 THAT safety incs.-atfes by ra<lio reach a res|xuisive and apprecia tive audience is indicated by tile invi tation of die National Broadcasting Company to tile National Safety Council to cooperate in tile pre*entation of a third Universal Safety Se ries. The third series will start Wed nesday evening, April 16. at i :l"> p. m., Eastern Standard Time, and con tinue till July 6. The programs will last to minutes and playlets will alter nate with addresses by prominent speakers. The programs and the sta tions participating in the series will be announced at an early date. Requests for copies of the plays and ' addresses of the Second Universal Safety Series averaged 26,non a j week. These requests included incli- [ vidua! fan mail and orders from in dustrial concerns for quantities of I copies. The speeches have been wide- i To California, from far otf Norway, come orders for Helmet Goggles. The last shipment was Iy quoted in the trade and daily press and the plays have been sought for j reproduction by radio and on the le- j gitimate stage by railroads, territorial safety councils, community organiza- j tions and other groups. to the Electric Furnace Products Company, Limited, of Sauda, | Ryfylke, Norway, 8,000 miles | from Los Angeles. There are perhaps hundreds of other gog gles they might have chosen, many of them much closer to their factory. But they have selected Helmet Goggles. New Jersey Plants Improve And no wonder. No other goggles can even compare with their combined com Records in State Contest fort and safety. Made in both Helmet and Skeleton types they offer unusual SIX hundred and fifty industrial plants completed the second state wide safety contest conducted by the New jersey Department of Labor. In the first contest 563 companies were features. Worn like a cap, they fit like a cap. Swing up and out of the way when not in use, and down over the eyes in an instant, when needed. No elastic head band to irritate. Helmet Goggles to S'orway travel l*jqo mites. Will you send the cou pon a much shorter distance for full particularsf Carter-Loekard Co., 950 S. Flower St., Los Angeles, Calif. enrolled and the number of employees involved increased from 188,701 to 234.987. The campaign began Sep tember 1 and ended November 30, 1929. The number of man-hours' ex posure during the second contest was 141,101,472. ' The number of companies reporting no accidents during the campaign was 249 as compared with 183 in 1928. The percentage rating for all plants was 09,695 against 99,714 in 1U28. #0mer U0000 00 Carter-Loekard Co., 950 S. Flower St. Los Angeles, Calif. Gentlemen: Send me complete details. Name_^___________ _________________________ Address For Grinding Service For Welding Service G This rating is based on the total man hours actually lost to the total man hours worked. The frequency rate I for all plants was 15.92 as compared i with 17.17 for the campaign period of the previous year. The certificates were presented to j the winners of the contest in their re- j speedve groups by Colonel Charles R. j Blunt. Commissioner of labor, at a i dinner meeting held in Newark on j January 22, During the course of the dinner meeting a motion was adopted that the general managing committee prepare for another contest to be held at the convenience of the industries of the state. No Accidents in 1930 is the goal of every industrial executive and employer . . . but how to attain this goal? The correct mental attitude of every worker toward safety is a direct route to a no-accident record. Safety trophies, buttons and other awards, given as recognition for meritorious safety work, make your employees proud to possess a safe record. Let us help with your safety campaign plans. Write for catalogue, original designs and samples. Clarence J. Williams Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co. ff lut VuUaitoa St., Chicago, 111. IThen writing advertisers, (lease mention MATIO.VAL SAFETY 'JEWS 70 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Hotel Operation Need Not be Hazardous But Neglect of Common Precautions Often Results in Unfavorable Experience By WILL COOPER The Stevens Hotel Company; Chairman, Food Section, National Safety Council Kleins for Safety When the spur digs deep into the pole -- when the belt tightens around the waist -- when unusual effort brings unusual strain -- it's well to know that safety belt and strap -- climbers and pliers will stand the gaff no matter what the condition. It is the reliance the Lineman has to put in his equipment that has made Klein Tools the unani mous selection of Linemen the world over. Public Utility Com panies interested in the safety of their men rely on Kleins. A national campaign sot Safety for Lm<*mm is umant.tiMiumrfcg'j hf iMdeaachotuf*sakf'feetymto&t-irSuormn*etno. Distributed through jobbers Four pamphlets of interest to you if you are a lineman or responsible for the safety of linemen. Check the ones you want. Q Safety for the Pole Climber Specification* oa Linemens* Belts and Safety Strap* The Safety Factor on Linemen's Leather Goods Pocket Tool Guide KLEINMathias & Sons MMHiiW.1 3200 BELMONT AVE., CHICAGO HOW does the hotel business rank among hazardous and non-hazardous industries? This is the question the American Society of Safety Engineers, in colla boration with the American Hotel So ciety, has been trying to answer by investigation and research. We of The Stevens have just fin ished our tabulation of accidents for the year 1929, and we offer the results for whatever they may be worth to the investigation committee and the hotel trade in general. While The Stevens was not the first hotel to become actively engaged in ac cident prevention, it was the first large hotel. Employing, as it does, about 2,000 employees, with an operation em bracing more than 5,000,000 man hours per year, it represents a fair cross section of the conditions in the hotel industry as a whole. Its perfor mance has been watched with a great deal of interest by safety engineers. Two insurance companies have sent men to investigate it. When it opened, The Stevens be came a member of the National Safe ty Council, and it has enjoyed the benefits of the Council's experience and used the Council's safe practices pamphlets. During its three years' operation accidents have persistently decreased, with the result that, in 1929, there was a decrease of 50 per cent over the preceding year. Our experience, tor those years, represents 15,000,000 man-hours of safety work. All in all, we feel wfe are justified in stating that accident prevention work is not only helpful, but necessary in the hotel business. We do not mean to say that the hotel business is hazardous as the word "hazardous" is usually interpreted. That is, it is not hazardous per se. It is rather that we wish to criticize the tendency of many hotel managers and employees to overlook safety measures because they do not class the hotel as an industrial plant and adopt safety measures just as industrial plants do. It is this apathy on the subject and not the nature of the business itself that has caused the very bad experi ence of some insurance companies with risks of this class. If the average hotei owner were as alert to accident prevention as the average industrial piant owner, basic- insurance rates for hotels would not be so high as they are. " Comparisons are impossible when it means making public the figures of other industries that are given to us in confidence, but we can say def initely that we have information that shows that The Stevens was consider ably higher in its accident rate two years ago than many of the large in dustrial plants in the Chicago district that were engaged in manufacturing processes requiring extensive mechan ical operations. This year we are lower than they are, and there is no need to think we have reached the irreducible minimum. Aside from the 50 per cent reduc tion in the number of accidents for 1929, the outstanding feature of our report is the no-accident record of the mechanical department. The record ran considerably over a year, the 9:1 employees engaged in this work hav ing gone over 480 days without a lost time accident. In this record are in cluded all the mechanical trades em ployed in the maintenance of the building. In striking contrast to this is the record of the department which may be said to comprise the more charac teristic hotel activities, such as the housekeeping department, the chef's, the steward's, and the service depart ments, which had, with two excep tions, all the accidents during the year. These two accidents occurred in the laundry department, which might also, perhaps, be classed with the strictly characteristic hotei activities. It is one of the most pernicious of fallacies to think that accidents hap pen only near, or around machinery. Nothing could be further from the facts. According to Webster, an acci dent is "some unexpected or untoward event." As such, it can happen with any number of situations in which ma chinery does not figure. In fact, ex perience shows that accidents are more likely to happen with other than me chanical apparatus. li'/ien seriliinj advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEK'S March. 19SO 71 MACHINE GUARD ECONOMY and MORE THAN THAT Safety Guards that will last and stand the bumps that guards get in a factory; that will not scratch the hands; that are easy to clean and will not accumulate lint and dust; that are good to look at and look through; all offered you and described in the booklet which we want to send you. Write tor booklet THEftARRm6TOK8KiMPRroRATmcCo. NEW YORK OFFICE--No. 114 Liberty St. No. 5645 Fillmore St., CHICAGO, ILL., IT. S. TITAN ....The Protective Goggle TITAX Goggles are sturdy, comfort.a..b...le. .a..n..d. safe. The eye cups are of light-weight moisture proof material, which is heat resisting and non-inflammable. A screw cap permits lense changing without aid of tools. . . The chain nose bridge is adjustable and covered with rubber for com fortable wear. . . A turn of the eye cups will adjust the goggle to any position. Fine mesh side screens, elastic headbands, hardened and annealed lenses are other prominent features of Titan Goggles. An inquiry brings complete details DUFF-HALL GOGGLE SERVICE 6 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS When writing advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETY XElf'S NATIONAL SAFETY XEll's Eye Accidents Avoided In Orerlooked'Oangor Spots1' You may have been missed up to now--j but a gauge glass on a steam boiler, pres sure tank or cooking apparatus, can "let go" at any moment, sending flying glass into the faces of workmen, engineer, or bystanders. DON'T RISK THIS--save someone's eyes by our simple, positive gauge glass protector. Visible--Water Line Seen From Front and Sides A unique, new, bent "U" glass protector that SXAPS OX without extra installa tion costs means protection up to 250 lbs. of steam---yet it enables firemen, tender, or inspector to read water line accurately at a glance. Write for Bulletin--Use Coupon We will send you a. bulle tin describing this pro tector in full, giving names of firms who have in stalled it as a safety meas ure. THE WRIGHT-AUSTIN CO. 311 West Woodbridge St. Detroit, Mich. KEEP THAT SAFETY RECORD Do you try to avoid the "unusual*' as well as the "usual" accidents? If so, use the coupon be low -- it may help you keep your safety record in 1930. WRIOHT-AUSTIN CO. glass protector. Name Address '' J ____I 1 fLEERVl llPROlKTORS It is comparatively easy to guard machinery, and that is usually the first preventive measure taken. Against the vagaries of a human being it is not so easy to guard. For that force ful educational work is necessary. Only two of our accidents were with mechanical appliances. The remainder were falls, cuts and burns, listed in order of their importance. To state it in figures, over *>u per cent were falls. Last year not quite 10 per cent were due to this cause, and at that time we stated that we regarded the rubber heel as the greatest source of accidents that we had to contend with. Our investigations of 1929 endorse this statement. Cuts made up 2"s per cent of our accidents. We are sorry to say that most of them, of merely a minor nat ure. became serious through neglect. This condition might have been cor rected through cooperation of depart ment head and employee, and through safety education. Burns accounted for about 11 per cent of the accidents. There were only two burn cases. These occurred to waiters who were handling chafing dishes. As we have previously men tioned. waiters are particularly suscep tible to lost-time accidents because they must always maintain a perfect appearance. In other business, these burns would have caused no lost time. The few remaining causes were strains from lifting, and a few minor in juries due- to falling objects. We had no amputations and no permanent disabilities. In fact, we had no acci dent that could not have been pre vented hv proper instruction and supervision. We gave considerable attention and space last year to minor accidents. This year we are not doing so because we fear to create rivalry between de partments and perhaps encourage thereby the concealment of accidents for the purpose of making a record. The minor accident, if properly an alyzed, is of importance in indicating unsafe conditions and serving as a general warning that a serious accident may befall if the unsafe condition is not repaired. There is one minor accident, how ever, that should be mentioned again; that is the accident due to the dis carded razor blade, in 99 per cent of these accidents the fault can be traced to the guests, who throw the blades in the waste baskets, or leave them on the shelves or in other places where the maids come upon them un expectedly. It is due to the house keeping department that we have had no lost-time accident due to razor blades, but the carelessness of the guests nevertheless causes a great deal of needless pain and discomfort to the employees. I f publications are seek ing a lively subject to exploit, here is one. The reduction of this hazard is entirely a matter of public education. As the public has shown itself educatable in such matters as not throwing lighted matches or cigars from the windows of passenger trains, we <i0 not see why it cannot be similarly schooled in the matter of disposition of cast-off razor blades. Engineering Must Precede Traffic Regulation l Continued from page 10) that where danger is apparent, there is not so much danger of accidents. That is why we have so few accidents on our tortuous mountain roads; it is also why a certain straight stretch of highway south of Bakersfield in Cali fornia has witnessed more fatalities than any other road in the state, vet no highway looks safer. If an inter section looks dangerous the motorist is going to exercise more than or dinary caution. When a signal is installed for safety reasons where the volume of traffic does not justify it. the motorist is subjected to obnoxious delays. I have seen intersections where as many as seven cycles out of ten went bv with out a single vehicle passing through. In such an instance the motorist be comes fretful, and the next time he is going to try to "beat the gate" or else, as is frequently the case, he goes around the signal by traveling an ad jacent side street that may be resi dential and crowded with children. I know of one signal, not justified by traffic volume, where within a twohour period a uniformed traffic officer arrested 26 motorists for going through the intersection when the sig nal was definitely against them. Wiishire and La Brea, in Los Angeles, is a signalized intersection, vet it has the worst accident record of any in the city. In my opinion, safety at intersec tions can better be promoted by warn ing lights, slow signs, cross walks, etc. Pedestrian traffic is controlled by signals only when one of two condi tions exists: first, the presence of a police officer; second, a volume of traffic sufficiently large to prevent crossing a street unless traffic is stop ped. Pedestrian traffic in business dis tricts is effectively controlled in that manner. In residential and outlying dis tricts, unless traffic volume first justi fies it. I fail to see the great necessity for pedestrian control by signal in stallation. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Marr/i, 1930 S3 A PRODUCT FROM THE FYR-FYTER RESEARCH LABORATORIES Fyr-Fyter Research Engineer* discovered a new Chemical which suddenly extinguishes fire. The new liquid i* called "Karbaloy". Tests at Underwriter*' Laboratories show that "Karbaloy" will extinguish a test panel fire in 11 seconds while old type chemicals require 25 to 30 seconds. This feature alone has allowed Fyr-Fyter engineers to build a new device in 1 `.i -gallon size which, while smaller and easier to handle, is still more effective than the usual bulky 2'i-gallon extinguishers. WE OFFER YOU THE NEW INSTANT LINE OF APPROVED EXTINGUISHERS Gal. Instant for your inspection and for your observation. Let its perform ance be your guide. This new "Instant" line will stand alone on merits of performance. If you hare never tried and thoroughly tested this device, you have a surprise awaiting you, because the action of the chemical "Karbaloy" is almost unbelievable. Do not underrate this new "Instant" extinguisher. It has many points of definite superiority. Anti-freeze, non-deteriorating charge and many others backed by a 5-Year Guarantee against defective material or workmanship. ____ We recommend the new "Instant" particularly for all Wood and General fires. Also Gas, Oil and Paint. This combination together with the anti-freeze feature, gives you one of the best fire fighting devices sold today. Exclusively a Fyr-Fyter. Write for additional information and how to get an extinguisher for testing and special observation. THE FYR-FYTER COMPANY 105-27 Fyr-Fyter Bldg., Dayton, Ohio 20 GaL Instant Engine Reducing the Cause of Slips and Stumbles A clean floor, while not wholly immune from accidents, is less likely to be the scene of slips and stumbles. Regular and thorough scrubbing keeps oil, water, grease and other dangerous elements off the floor. Immaculate cleanliness tends to make employees more careful about bits of waste and rubbish, less likely to leave obstructions in the path of travel. It is a clearly related though perhaps indirect cause of the state of mind which prevents accidents. Hand methods of polishing or scrubbing will not prove of much avail in developing such an attitude. They almost never get floors really clean and their antiquated methods compared with the up-to-date machine methods in most business and manufacturing operations are most sugges tive of carelessness. The FINNELL System is the up-to-date and efficient way to get floors clean and keep them clean. It lifts floor maintenance to the level of other factory operations. It applies 25 to 60 pounds pressure on the brush-depending on the size--and applies it continuously. The same pressure is applied to the last square foot as to the first. It whirls the brushes at a speed of 150 to 230 revolutions per minute. In waxing it applies the wax evenly and rubs it in--then polishes it to an enduring lustrous surface. There are eight FINNELL models, a size to exactly fit your needs. It costs nothing to have a FINNELL engineer make a survey and recom mend the size which you should have. For further information write: FINNELL SYSTEM, Inc. 1003 East St., Elkhart, Ind. Factories, Elkhart, Ind., and Hannibal, Mo. P |WAXES |_ L SCRUBS POLISHES electric floor machine SANDS When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS : i V. inOS. IL SAFF.TY ' >:ir< STOP- lost time accidents from flying spawls Safety Developments in Metal Stamping Plants Much Progress Has Been Made but There Are Still Many Obstacles to Progress By R. A. SHAW The Murray Corporation of America -HALCO BRAND" Leather Leg gings are quickly being adopted by quarries and mines throughout the country. Leggings furnish protection where it is most needed. Workmen like to wear them be cause they are comfortable -- sturdy--long wearing and inex pensive. HELP YOl'R MEN TO PRO TECT THEMSELVES. {ill out this coupon ami mail for full particulars. THE metal stamping industry is still listed by insurance compa nies as the most hazardous indus try. You perhaps wonder at this, con sidering the various conventions held at the instigation of the National Safe ty Council, the Metal Trades Confer ences, and the many pamphlets pub lished for the purpose of expounding safety causes. Why cannot the metal stamping industry progress as did the steel industry, which, though it was formerly the most hazardous industry | has now a minimum accident rate? \ There are several reasons why the i metal stamping trades are lingering so far behind other trades. In the first place, although the power press is de signed for safety, the special tools for making the forms and stamped parts are made according to the person in charge of the die manufacturing divi sion. The first thing he considers is economy, that is, finding the simplest and most effective way to make the part, considering the presses owned by the company, and cutting the amount of steel down to a minimum, as steel costs a good deal. These experts know the cost of a die as if by instinct, and also the cost of the steel, as well as the time needed to make the die. What they do not realize is the cost of accidents, thus it is that safety receives so little attention at the hands of the average designer. Too Much Self-Satisfaction Another reason for the industry's high accident rate is its overabundance of individuality, its self-satisfaction, its ready answer that "we are doing well enough compared with last year." We can go a long way in bettering our records if we will only forget last year's record and the record of the vear before that. A record isn't good just because it betters last year's rec ord. What we want to aim at is a 100 per cent record, and consider any thing short of that a failure. Another thing that will help us in the metal stamping industry is a stan dardized metal stamping code. The industry is just about ready for it. j When once we have that as a guide, the matter of a safety measure will |,e considered almost universally, ip course we will still have those ignor ant of the economical advantages .if safety, who will, in their desire for competition, put forth every effort to forestall not only the making of a safety code, but also the adoption of safety measures. Above all, if we are to progress, we must emphasize the cost of accidents, and make the industry realize that metal stamping plants can be operated IPO per cent. Only then will thev he able to operate without accidents. Improved Dies and Presses It is encouraging to think that some manufacturers, in fact, most of them, have made decided advances by adopt ing new designs, and installing many of the simpler safety devices, often at a great cost to themselves, and are now considering other measures, such as the proper piling of material, scrap handling, proper lighting, care of aisles, and so forth. In die design many decided im provements have been made. We have now automatic improved dies, also specially equipped multiple dies; then there are special chutes for putting the work in and out of the press, and lever controls on the press which per mit any kind of die to be used. These improvements have not, however, been adopted universally: in fact, only a limited number of the manufacturers have tried them. Tn the matter of power press de sign, on the other hand, certain im provements have been made and adopt ed universally. Some of these are the moving of the brake away from the friction dutch, thus eliminating con stant repairs and the repeating of the press. On fly wheels of the larger presses brakes have been installed to stop the flv wheel more readily after the power has been shut off. Still another improvement which the industry approves as a whole is better oiling systems. Also important and universal now are the motor drives for raising and lowering the stroke. The attached brackets for sup- Whcn writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1930 porting the motor drives have been ' also universally adopted where needed. Gears and clutches are completely guarded on all presses, and ott the smaller presses the spoke? of the lly wheels are carefully screened. The most recent invention in press design is the vertical method. 'This provides that everything be placed above, the idea being that floor space, so costly in all factories, dioul'd be conserved. With this good work behind them, and minds alert tor new methods, the future for the metals stamping indus try looks promising. The year 1930 should he productive of still greater | progress toward universal safety. i 75 Dierks Company Celebrates at Safety Banquet A YEAR of successful effort in accident reduction was cele brated by the Dierks Lumber & Coal Company at the Sixth Annual Ban quet for foremen and superintend ents held at Texarkana, Ark., on January 25. During 1929 the com pany had a reduction of 46 per cent in accident frequency as compared with 1928, and a reduction of 84 per cent from the rate of 1924, the year in which the company organized for accident prevention. The winning plant, Dierks, Ark., had a frequency rate of 3.56 and a severity rate of .39 for the year. Four hundred men worked a total of 843,024 man-hours with only three lost-time accidents. This mill has won the safety trophy for three consecutive years. The winning logging camp. Har per Springs, Ark., with 426 men, worked 597,455 hours. There were 18 lost-time accidents, making a fre quency rate of 30.13 and a severity rate of 1.57. For all operations, which include six electrically operated sawmills, five logging camps, three railways, one ladder factory, a railway shop, and a planer, there was a total of 8,118,112 man-hours with 212 acci dents, involving 24,859 days' lost time. Three hundred and seventy-five persons, including members of the Dierks organization and their guests attended the banquet. The program ended with the presentation of di plomas and trophies bv O. D. Fred erick. safety supervisor. The diplo mas were presented to the foremen who had graduated from the Wright City foremen's school, and the tro phies were received by the Dierks mil! and the Harper Springs logging camp. "" ' To assure safety and protection. TAYLOR 1 MADE Chains pass through tour distinct iteps. Oni--The raw material U given special attention. Two--Workmanship is by master craftsmen. Three--The finished product Is ] proof tested. Four--Each link is given care ful Inspection. TAYLOR MADE Chains art made of special grade of triple recoiled refined Iron, worked hot to avoid straining the fiber, and welded by expert workmen, All chains are proof | tested to specifications and submitted to i rigid Inspection. Send for your copy of "Cat alog A'1 ^contains a wealth ot practical chain inform* lion. S. G. TAYLOR P. O. Box 1297-F CHAIN COMPANY Hammond, Indiana Easier, Safer Way To Drain Drums . Set drum aa nose ef stand. 3. Reek late draining r\ N18 man raises drum* or bar rels to draining position with the BARL DRAIN STAND,^. Easily moved with Bail Bearing Casters. Strong. All-Steel Welded, construc tion. Model No. 91 handles straight side or bilge drums and wooden barrels. Equipped with Top Roll ers for side bung draining. Price. $19.00. Model JO, no top roller*, for straight side drums only. Price. $8.50. If you handle drums or barrels take advantage of this SPECIAL OF FER. Order 1 to 3 STANDS. Use them 30 days. No obligation to keep them unless you want to. They must make good or you send them back. Write for them today. Just mention on "30 Days Free Trial/* Thousand* now in use. Das Moines Fonndry 8 Machine Company t7JO Wabash Dee Moines, Iow When U'rifinn advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 7fJ MAKE FLOORS SATIOXAL SAFETY _v/*If'S' Save $41,000 in One Year Wheeling Mold & Foundry Company Reduces Medical and Compensation Costs 71-8 Per Cent SAFE Install Acme Non-Slip Safety M a 11 in g as a precaution against accidents where floors are wet, oily or worn. Workers are safe from slip ping when they stand on this sturdy matting with its posi tive gripping surface. Acme Non-Slip Matting is of the right flexibility to yield gently under the worker's weight, thus reducing the fa tigue of standing and permit ting more and better work. Made in nine standard widths and in lengths up to 100 feet. Request a free sample section today on the coupon below. ACME STEEL COMPANY 2840 ARCHER AVENUE CHICAGO A SAVING of 'HI.non in hospital i lx. charges and compensation in one 1 year is conclusive evidence that organ ized safety work pays. This notable I reduction in accident costs was made by the Wheeling Mold & Foundry Company. Wheeling, \V. '. a., during the fiscal year ending June 30, IT'!!, The reduction from the accident costs of the previous year was il.S per cent. [ The Wheeling .Mold & Foundry ; Company employs approximately !H)U persons. It makes some of the largest steel eastings produced in the world and also works in gray iron, last year, when the safety record was made production increased to new high lev els. The figures from July 1, 1U38, to fitly i, UkiO, show 31 lost-time acci dents, a frequency rate of 11.Oo for the year. This can be compared with *.tl injuries and four fatalities--a fre.(uency rate of 53.3--for the previous twelve months. Lost time has been reduced from '33,000 days to 600 days, and the severity rate declined from 15.3 to .303. Records are compiled from July 1 to correspond with the fiscal year of the West Virginia Com pensation Insurance Department. Since last July there has been a still further decrease in the company's ac cident rates. The first step in reducing accidents from the previous high level was to enlist the foremen. Each supervisor was won over to the work and made to realize his responsibility. John Beckett was appointed safety super visor to direct the work of accident prevention and first aid. E. A. Balslev, vice-president in charge of operations, makes the fol lowing comments on the improvement in the company's experience: | ``As in most changes within a plant, no one cun infallibly define the reasons for accident reduction. The result is a composite picture of carefully laid plans, unflinching support of super visory forces, and appreciation of the object in view by the whole force, if I were to place emphasis uu the impor tance of any features of our accident prevention program it would be direct ed upon the work of our `safety pro moters' throughout the shops, our continual insistence upon goggles, safe guards and protective clothing, ami the tireless checks upon plant condi tions made early and often on all plant conditions by our safety director, Mr. Beckett. "Our safety and welfare depart ment, which also cares for first aid and health service, has been a nio-t important factor. Another factor which has been of inestimable value has been the hearty cooperation of the Wheeling Clinic, a local institution op erated under the direction of a group of physicians and surgeons second to none in the country. This institution, at our service day and night, gives our employees prompt and efficient atten tion at a very reasonable cost to us. "Actual financial saving to the com pany, after all, is a by-product of the accident reduction. The company is thoroughly aware of the larger factors --the saving of wages, suffering and worry to the whole organization. Bv continuing this process of making an accident a novelty in the plant, we can remove that dread of injury which makes work miserable for the worker. "The active assistance of the Wheel ing Safety Council and the invaluable service of the National Safety Council cannot be overestimated. .Much of our inspiration in this work has come from personal contacts and literature ob tained through these two agencies." Close-up ttturns the sturdy construction and positive gripping surface of .Acme Matting. ACME STEEL COMPANY 2&46 Archer Ave,, Chicago Please send me a sample of your Acme Non'Slip Steel Safety Mats, Name ................................................-.......................... -..... Address ................................................................ --.......... - Company ................................................................ Position ......................................... ............. -....................... safety director, is at the right of the group. ll'hen writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1930 A simple, inexpensive way to control infections from cutting oils, coolants, etc. of this powerful, but harmless (jermicide prevents infection Infections from cutting and coolant oil such as follicle rash, boils, pus-forming Mires, >kin eruptions--all these come from bacteria and microbes present in the cutting oil. These infec tions are responsible for lay-offs and absences which in turn curtail production. Mutual aid and corporation insurance rates are needlessly raised. Merely add lfr of Sylpho-Xathol, the one disinfectant that is active in oil, and these infections are banished. Sylpho-N'athol is inexpensive. While uot so well known in the industrial field, it is a tested product and has been used in the New England home and hospital for more than thirty-five years. Sylpho-Xathol is obtainable in 1, 5 and 10 gallons cans, 30 and 50 gallon barrels. Write for a bulletin deserthino practical tests and ask for free narking sample. Sylpho-s DISINFECTANT GERMICIDE The Sulpho-Napthol Company 6 Sudbury St., Boston DAYTON Safety Ladder (Patented) No Fear of Falling! Painters, cleaners, and repairmen work from a Dayton Safety Ladder with their minds at ease! The Dayton is perfectly balanced; it can't slip, topple, or slide. Strong, sturdy--and easy to carry because it's made of airplane spruce. Auxiliary step gives added height. Straight-backed, for close work against walls. Sizes 3 to 16 feet. Moderately priced. Type "B" Dayton Ladder The "small broth, er" of Type "A", pictured at left. A general purpose safety ladder, pop ular priced, in 7 sizes. Write Dept. NSN-3 for complete information. THE DAYTON SAFETY LADDER CO. iti-ns Wut Third Strwt, Cincinnati, Ohio. Stock carried by Pacific Coast Representative, Bullard-Davis, Inc., Los Angeles and San Francisco, and by 160 other distributors from coast to coast. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS x.max.if. ;-..ir/iTi ' VCiCS The Slipping Frog A Modern Application of an Ancient Conundrum By L. C. ILSLEY applicat AF-T-TOP filled with Mercurochrome or Iodine feeds like a fountain pen, direct from a sanitary glass tip on the bottle. PPLY direct to the injured part without fuss or smear. One hand is sufficient to open S and use the bottle. IRST Aid men everywhere are recommending it for use, in A and away from the plant. It is packed in a wooden case. CONOMICAL--one bottle will draw a line quarter of an inch wide and ten feet long. FNo evaporation or waste. EWrite for a Sample ROBERTA. Bernhard MFG. CHEMIST 153 ANDERSONAVE. Rochester N.Y THERE is an old conundrum about a frog who tries to get out ; of a well. It goes something like . this: If the frog is at the bottom of a ` i'O-foot well, and each day climbs up a certain distance, and each night slips back a goodly part of the distance he has gained during the day, how long will it take him to get out of the well? From a safety standpoint, coal-mine operators in America, taken as a whole, seem to be making progress S very slowly. They are the frog in the i well of unsafe practices. I There can be no disputing the fact that the coal industry has been doing, and is still doing, certain things to im prove safety, and in that respect up ward progress is being made. On the other hand, there can be no denial that many very unsafe conditions re main, and there is where the industry is slipping. It is well known that rock-dusting will prevent major coal-dust explo sions, but in many mines this is not done, in others it is done only half heartedly, and in many others when once applied it is not maintained. Ventilation is,-a prime safety factor, yet there are dozens of mines where this safety necessity is almost crim inally neglected. Inadequate ventila tion is also a type of back-sliding that should not be tolerated. A third safety feature is the pro vision for reasonably safe electrical equipment. In the present age of rapid change to mechanized mines, which nearly always means electrically operated equipment, this factor has to be considered from many angles, and can not be set aside as being of secondary importance. Many operators are willing to pur chase permissible type equipment and by that act gain considerable merit, but when they fail to see the necessity of keeping this equipment in a safe condition, they are slipping down the well and their good money has been wasted. The operator who buys per missible equipment to safeguard his gassy mine, and does not provide a workable voltage to operate this equipment, is still groping in the dark as far as safety is concerned. How about those who never have seen the need of safe equipment? They are like the legendary man with the suspended sword above him, only they apparently have blindfolded themselves to their real danger. Such men have not even begun to climb out of the well" Then there are those who are sat isfied with substitutes. They believe that any machine with a cover over the spark-producing parts is just as good as one that has been proved safe In fests; good wiring is not necessary; through holes don't count. The man who thus deceives himself is slipping so fast he can't even get a toehold. Electric shot-firing is an advance in safety, but the use of safe shot-firing devices and the adoption of safe prac tices for all blasting work are what make for real safety progress. At the bottom, down in the mud, we find the man who still believes in open lights, who never admits he has gas in his mine till the mine disaster has taken place. Electric lamps for illumination represent progress as well as safety. No operator can lay claim to be out of the well unless he believes in order and discipline, enforces them, and sees to it that they are strictly enforced by all having authority under him. just as long as the unsafe practice out weighs the safe one, so long will the coal-mine accident rate refuse to de crease, and just so long will the American rate exceed that of other countries with more adverse condi tions. Post Pullers Prevent Many Mine Fatalities IT has come to the attention of en gineers of the United States Bu reau of Mines engaged in the study of falls of mine roofs that in several in stances men especially employed for pulling timber, and equipped with me chanical safety devices, have neglected to use the devices, resorting to an axe for knocking out the props. Subse quent falling roof material caused death to a number of men. For some time the drawing of timber in the pro cess of extracting pillars has been ren dered safe by the use of these special men. and a mechanical device which permits the men to work at a distance while operating it. Mechanical post pullers should be used in all cases, un less the post is withdrawn by a cable attached to a locomotive. When writing advertisers, please mention S'ATlOXAL SAFETY NEWS I lurch, l'\?0 PIONEER GOGGLES No. 3088 A comfortable, oimr rifting goggle. Note wide All in-table Bridge 1'AD, reducing pre^-ure on uu-e Hyewire:-- Extra Heavy, Temple.:--Regular I iuhi-tri.il; Heavy Proterto Vel vets or Fibre covered. Set with Mi-Coqtiille Clear or Colored: ;j tii/in Safety and Laminated. Featuring, Extra Wide Vision. 79 Dustproof Model "N" Made of aluminum, very light and comfortable. Rub ber padded adjustable chain bridge and ventilated eyeshields ; elastic headbands. For chippers and all exposed to hazards from flying ob jects. Fitted with XL, In dustrie or Laminated lenses. For further particulars write your own jobber. DUPAUL-CENTRAL OPTICAL COMPANY, INC. Designers and Manufacturer* of Protection. Goggles (or a Quarter of a Century. SOUTHBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS NISSLY FLOOR LINER Simplifies the "Plant Keeping" Problem Disorderly plants are a thing of the past. No organization can afford to contend with lost time merely because stocks are not kept in order, or because it takes needless time to walk through a building. A glance at the above photograph is sufficient to assure you that this plant is effi cient . . . that falling accidents are reduced to a minimum . . . that stocks are easily found when needed. The Nissly Floor Liner has made this example of good "plant-keeping" possible. Let it paint well-defined traffic lanes in your plant quickly and economically. Write for detailed information WALTER S. NISSLY 43 Clinton St., N. York, Pa. ~ When writing advertisers, fiease mention XATIOSAL SAFETY SEWS NATIONAL SAFETT XEiVS Winners of Brady Safety Medals Eyes of Announced by A. E. R. A. Industry What Are They Worth? * Knowing eye conditions in your plant is just good bus iness. An eyesight survey gives you the FACTS. Correcting Defective Vision Means Speed and Safety Increased Production Improved Workmanship Fewer Accidents Less Material Spoilage No Eyestrain Headaches Reduced Fatigue Minimized Compensation Claims * Our Surveys discover unsafe eyes and improve the defec tive ones. We give you de tailed information on each employe enabling you to prop erly assign him. NO INTERFERENCE IN PLANT ROUTINE. Hundreds of Satisfied Clients. Every One A Reference. SEND FOR OUR BOOKLET, "EYES OF INDUSTRY." Eyesight Survey Corporation A NATIONAL SERVICE General Offices 4196 Manchester Avenue ST. LOUIS T! I E accomplishments ot three greatly improved and the total num electric railway companies in ac ber of accidents was substantially cident prevention during 1928 have reduced. " been recognized by the American The Tampa Electric Company Electric Railway Association in the which also won the Bradv Award recent award ui the Brady Safety for 1927, had an even better record Medals, There are three divisions for 1928. In the latter year there in the contest based on the number were 820 car and bus accidents as of vehicle miles operated during the compared with 1,175 in 1927, 2,84,'! year. in 1926 and 0,070 in 1925. The gold medal for Class A, in The Tide Water Power Company, cluding electric railways operating the winner in Class C, for three con more than 5,000,000 vehicle miles, secutive years, had 45 accidents in was awarded to the Boston Elevated 1928 as compared with 46 in 1927, Railway, with honorable mention to There have been no fatalities on the the Louisville Railway Company. The silver medal for Class B, for companies operating between 1,000, 000 and 5,000,000 vehicle miles, went to the Tampa Electric Railway Com pany, Tampa, B'la., with honorable properties during the past four years. The Louisville Railway Company operated 17,440 miles per chargeable accident in 1928 as compared with 13,326 in 1927. mention to the El Paso Electric Company. The bronze medal for Class C, comprising smaller properties, was awarded to the Tide Water Power Co., Wilmington, N. C. The awards are a memorial to the late Anthony N. Brady and are presented each year for the best The El Paso Electric Railway Company had a much better record during 1928 than in any previous year. The total number of accidents was 435 as compared to 445 in 1927 and 452 in 1926. In 1921, the earli est year for which statistics were presented, the number of accidents was 1,767. records of safety in operation and health promotion made by electric railways. TRe winners were selected Keeping Down Coal Dust by a joint committee of the Ameri in the Mine can Museum of Safety and the American Electric Railway Ass: Ra THE total amount of coal dust tion. Lewis Gawtrv, president, The made unavoidably each working Bank for Savings, was chairman of day throughout a mine is very large, the committee, and the other mem but is difficult to estimate precisely bers were Col. A. B. Barber, man and varies with every mine, says ager, Transportation and Communi George B. Rice, chief engineer, United cation Department, U. S. Chamber States Bureau of Mines, in a recent of Commerce; James H. McGraw, report. The approximate amount may chairman of the board, McGraw-Hill vary from one-fifth of one per cent of Publishing Company, Inc., and the run of mine produced to one per Charles Gordon, managing director, cent or more in mining a very soft, American Electric Railway Associa friable coal. tion. Not all of this is necessarily at the The Boston Elevated Railway has start dry dust which will rise on strong made an outstanding contribution to air currents in a cloud. Considerable safety through its study of the hu coal dust becomes covered with gob, man factor in accidents. Realizing and in some of the more progressive that human failings were respon mines water on the cutter bars of ma sible for a large proportion of the chines wets the ``bug dust" (machine total number of accidents, the rail dust), and the face is wet down by the way engaged the Personnel Re hose. Tight cars are used and the tops search Federation of New York to of the loads sprinkled by automatic survey the situation. The survey re sprinklers. Such mines have less dry vealed that half of the accidents coal dust to neutralize by rock dusting. happened to less than one-third of There is practically no coal mine, how the operators and efforts were di ever, which does not produce a dust rected toward these high accident cloud of sufficient density to ignite men. These individuals were stud and to propagate an explosion if the ied with the result that in a large coal dust is not neutralized by rock number of cases their operation was dusting. When terilinq adz-ertisers, please mention .NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1930 81 PRESENTING SHARPY-SMITH'S "Postage Paid" ORDER. BOOK Sent FREE flakes ordering very simple~ * -* Write for one today Since 1844^ BECAUSE Sharp & Smith have ^ been a reliable source of supply for 86 years, you naturally direct your orders for First-Aid Supplies and Equipment to SandS with con fidence. PRESTO BANDAGE Sharp & Smith offer you the economical and efficient PRESTO BANDAGE---a com plete dressing for minor injuries. PRESTO BANDAGES are premedicated with a strong, non-toxic antiseptic and afford per fect Air-ation, Flexibility and Protection from im purities. Write for samples. First-Aid Supplies and Equipment 65 E. Lake St. Chicago, 111. THE MAXIM SILENCER is a valuable Safety Device . . . because . . . it makes it possible to hear impending danger. ELIMINATE THE NOISE ........ . . . .^WARNINGS CAN .BE HEARD .... . . . .:. MANY ACCIDENTS WILLiNOT PCCUR MAXIM SILENCERS are made in every size from l1/-*" to 40", for every kind of an EXHAUST, DISCHARGE and SUCTION. Thousands of installations on Diesel, gas, gasoline, steam and air engines, steam and air blow offs, boiler blow downs, gas pulsations, air reliefs, blowers, fans, air compressors, vacuum pumps and every sort of power noise that comes out of a pipe. THE MAXIM SILENCER CO., Drawer 2102, Hartford, Conn. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS $2 for NATIONAL SAFETY Rews California Sets Standards for Labor Camps t Continued from page 4.0 ) Real Service i ft lias eliminated the wooden bunks idled with loose straw, which general ly became vermin infested. By screen ing the windows and their openings in the kitchen and dining quarters, kitchen and dining service has been improved. This and the proper care of the garbage have relieved camps of many flies. RAPID filling and emptying is an outstanding feature of the Protectoscal Service Can. The fill opening has a hinged cap, which serves as an automatic seal and pressure relief--it permits filling from any full size nozzle or faucet. The pouring spout is so constructed that it permits a rapid flow of liquid to other containers. The Protectoseal fire baffle screen, attached to the discharge spout and fill openings, prevents ignition. A safe feature is pro vided whether cap is open or closed. Consistent with Protectoseal standards of manufacture, the Service Can has a shock rim for seam protection at its base. It comes to you in 3 or 5 gallon sizes. A flexible metal hose, elimi nating the use of a funnel, may be obtained with the service can if desired. Inquiries Receive Prompt Attention The Protectoseal Company Ui No. Sheldon Street CHICAGO Labor camps in California may be placed under six general headings: Construction, lumber, mine and quarry, railroad, agricultural, and miscellaneous. The agricultural camps include cannery and dry yard, de ciduous fruit, citrus, melon, aspar agus, cotton, hops, grape, rice, walnut, beet, lettuce, celery, other vegetables, onion and garlic, seed, dairy camps and general ranch camps. Many construction camp operators make every effort to house their em ployees in dean, comfortable camps, and if some insanitary condition is found will immediately order a correetion of the offending cause. There are others, however, who have no in terest in the health and comfort of their men. Frequently we find them housed in barns, stables, abandoned and dilapidated houses, or in im provised shelters. The operator in these cases usually uses the plea that he has taken the job at a low figure, that,- as the job will run for a short time, he cannot afford to furnish the proper equipment. Prosecutions are necessary in aggravated cases. One hundred fifty-seven construction camps were inspected during the past year. Lumber Camps. The major lumber companies, with few exceptions, co operate fully. Some of them have gone far beyond the requirements and furnish hotel service (this includes the making of beds with sheets), for which a reasonable charge is made. The operators of small mills are usually hard to get in line. They hire neighbors for some of the operations, then contract other parts of the work. The wife of a worker operates the cookhouse, such as it is, and the hous ing is anything from a few cull boards thrown together or tents to auto mobiles converted into sleeping quar ters. The mill operator disclaims re sponsibility for the condition of the grounds, unscreened cookhouse, in sanitary toilets, etc. The inspectors must he very firm in order to correct such conditions. Sixty-eight lumber camps were inspected during 1929. Mine, Quarry and Oil Camps. In vestigation showed a number of com plaints regarding housing and sanitarv conditions in some of the small mines and quarries to be well founded. The excuse generally given was that, as the work was of a development nature, the operator could not afford to spend money for camp equipment. The few large mines where camps were op erated were in good sanitary condi tion. In the oil fields labor camps are gradually being eliminated. The clos ing down of production and the fact that employees travel to work in auto mobiles from nearby cities have been the main causes therefor. There are no large oil camps except in remote locations. There are, however, a num ber of small camps where develop ment work is carried on. There were 128 camps of this group inspected during the last year. Railroad Camps. Included in the 412 railroad camps inspected during the year are signal crew quarters, bridge and building outfits, section crew quarters, maintenance of way cars in which the men were housed, and construction camps on new work. Better housing and sanitary facilities are being furnished the employees. This is shown by the new construction being carried on in a systematic man ner by the companies--new cars for extra and signal crews, new section houses with modern plumbing, im proved quarters for foremen, signal maintainers and others who are. en gaged in the operating and main tenance of the various units which go to make up a steam or electric rail road. One railroad in particular is reconstructing or rebuilding practically all of its housing, which is requiring a large expenditure. The Commis sion's contact with the officials is ex cellent. If a particularly bad condi tion is noted, temporary improvements are immediately effected until perma nent quarters can be established. Agricultural Camps. In this group are included all labor camps dealing with soil products. On some farms we find camps for Japanese, Hindus, Mexicans, Filipinos and Americans, each with a different standard and method of living. The .Mexicans far outnumber the other nationals of the alien group in some agricultural pur- IVhen writing advertisers, please mention RATIOS'AL SAFETY REWS ,March 1930 83 GKO- Keep Him on His Feet! Liability insurance companies and safety engineers recommend GRO-CORD Soles. kJ trial accidents are caused by falls due to insecure footing on slippery surfaces. Severe injuries and long, costly absences from work often result. Produc tion is lowered. GRO-CORD NON-SKID safety soles reduce these accidents. The tough tire cords fused on end in real live rubber give a good grip anywhere.The cords-on-end construction of GRO-CORD Soles protects the worker. No other sole is built like the GRO-CORD NON-SKID safety sole. They far outwear leather. Look for the name GRO-CORD stamped on the bottom of each shoe. Ask your dealer for GRO-CORDS. wrvso.v SERVICE SOLE Cord tires extend all the <way to edge of sole. SOLES and HEELS w?orf Tire Wear in Erery Fair'' LIMA CORD SOLE & REEL COMPANY Dept. It-F. * Lima, Ohio For Safety and Savings in Handling ACIDS One Man Carboy Truck Takes carboys of all usual standard sizes. MOST accidents are due to loose bottom boards and acid left in "empty" carboys. These tools are particularly devised to safe guard. against such accidents and are approved and recommended by Chemical Manufacturers, Safety Engineers and Insurance Companies. Writ* for illustrated sheet .Vo. i-G with partial list of satisfied users. Folding Safety Carboy Dumper. Carboy can be turned up side down to empty. SHOLES INCORPORATED, 182 Lafayette St. NEW YORK Also Costings, Constructions, Maehinings of Monel Metai, Pure Nickel, Chrome Iron. etc., including kettles, tanks, pipe, fittings, etc,, etc. When writing advertisers, please mention A'AT10X.1L SAFETY NEWS 84 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS "Better Be Safe Than Sorry" Ever Hear of the i(4 S's"? S AFETY TRENGTH . ERVICE ATISFACTION Old-time school days are re sponsible for the "3 R's." THE SWACO SAFETY HOPPER CAR WRENCH introduces to you the "4 S's"-- SAFETY for the workman. A ball-bearing ratchet head that re volves with the car spindle, while the handle remains stationary in the hands of the operator. Therefore, not the slightest chance of an acci dent on a job that is considered dangerous when the ordinary type of wrench is used. STRENGTH in the tool. Made entirely of electric steel cast ings with a tensile strength of 30,000 lbs. Built to stand up under the rough usage to which it must necessarily be subjected. SERVICE-- Efficient per formance. Dependable under all conditions. SATISFACTION to your company in the economy re sulting from the use of the S W A C O Wrench. Not only does it safeguard the user but it will serve you for A r years. Circular SAFETY WRENCH & APPLIANCE CO. Springfield, Mass. suits, with the Filipino taking second place. .Mexicans seem to be preferred in the cultivation and harvest of cot ton and sugar beets. Filipinos are in control of the cutting and washing in the Delta Asparagus district. Both i the Mexican and Filipino are in de mand as laborers in lettuce and melon growing. Of all agricultural camps those in the citrus district are the best struc turally in sanitary arrangement and maintenance. These camps operate for a large portion of the year. .Most of the cannery camps are in good sanitary condition. Care, however, must be taken to prevent overcrowd ing at the peak of the season. The cotton growers of the San Joaquin Valley as a whole have shown more inclination to co-operate with the Commission than any of the other leading crop growers. Progress is being made in housing in the Imperial Valley, where the field labor is principally Mexican. Here is presented the problem of the absentee landlord and the tenant farmer. The landlord, whose main office is often in another part of the United States, usually is represented by a manager. A number of these managers have just held a conference which will lead to good results. There were 1,564 ramps of this group inspected during the last year. Miscellaneous Camps. These are the camps which do not come within the classifications listed. There were 37 inspected last year. They are usually of a permanent nature and generally comply with the law. The general opinion of those w'ho furnish good camps is that good camps aid efficiency; a man with comfortable quarters gets better rest and therefore can do more work; good camps cut down turnover, thus reducing waste of labor; and finally, good camps keep the crew more contented. In 1925 the California Legislature created the Department of Industrial Relations. It placed the work which was formerly carried on by the Com mission of immigration and Housing in the hands of the Division of Hous ing and Sanitation and retained the Commission of Immigration and Hous ing, whose members serve without pay, to control the policies of the Division. Bulletin Presents Case J of Older Workers THE California State Department of Industrial Relations has pubI lished a 3.1-page bulletin entitled. "Middle-Aged and Older Workers." According to Will J. French, director I of the department, the object of the bulletin is "to enlist the cooperation of California employers of labor against adopting employment policies based solely upon the employee's age.' "Middle-Aged and Older Workers" presents views, ideas and opinions of leaders in business and industry and of thinkers in the field of economics and sociology on the folly of eliminating mature and experienced persons from gainful employment. This bulletin, which marks the beginning of an edu cational campaign begun hv the De partment of Industrial Relations against personnel policies barring mid dle-aged and older workers from use ful employments, is summarized as follows: 1. The arbitrary discharge of workers because of age. and regardless of their fitness, is becoming a general policy. 2. Because of the development of auto matic and labor-saving machinery, the physical stresses and burdens of life are growing less, but our productive period is growing longer. 3. The employment of middle-aged and older workers reduces tabor turnover in industrial and commercial establishments. 4. Not age, but experience and capac ity and willingness to learn, are important in selecting and retaining employees. 3. Success comes to people after they are 40, for seldom does mature judgment arrive before then. 6. There are jobs in industry which can be graded according to the grades of age, ability, and experience within a com munity. 7. There is needed a careful, nation wide study of jobs, conducted primarily to determine what positions the otder man is capable of filling as well, or better, than the younger man. 8. Workers who have reached the age of 40 or 50 are surrounded by certain con ditions in life that make them all the more careful in the performance of their duties. ft. Men over 40 are doing the most important work of the world. _ 10. Older employees exercise a steady ing and helpful influence upon younger employees of an organization. 11. If employees know that they will not he fired because of their age, they will give more of their efforts in their younger years. 12. Monotonous clerical work is suited to the placidity of middle-aged women. 13. Older women workers are not more troubled by illness than their younger sisters. 14. Special attention to the problem of older workers by employers is urgently needed. It is the duty of American in dustry to keep older workers employed, rather than turn them adrift upon a labor market which reiuses to absorb them. !5. Group insurance and pension plans need not exclude older workers from em ployment. The sum of the pension may be fixed as a percentage for each year of service,_ multiplied by the number of years of service. This would answer the ques tion of taking care of employees entering employment at an older age. Middle-aged and older employees would rather pay the extra group insurance rates due to their ages, or forego the benefits of such insur ance, than be refused employment. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, mO 85 THE "DIGGER"-- ANOTHER GARDTOE CREATION THE "Digger," another Chippewa GARDTOE Safety Shoe, is all that its name signifies. It is built for severe abuse and unusual foot protec tion--not only from falling objects, but against dampness and cold. Equipped with reinforced patented box toe, drill lined vamp, steel rein forced shank, double stitched sole and leather heel, the GARDTOE "Digger" is a sturdy shoe for workers in iron mines, stone quarries, zinc and lead mines, or any job requiring weather proof shoes. The complete line of Chippewa GARDTOE Safety Shoes provides for every phase of industrial foot protec tion. Send the Coupon CHIPPEWA SHOE MF6, CO. Chlp#ew Falli, Wit. Gentlemen: '! Please tend ur .pairs of "The Digger.** No, 250D, GARDTOE shoe*, size.......,for ten days1 free examination. Please send ut complete detail* regarding a GARDTOE department. company $ Address f* Name : , Position li-'hen writing advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETY XEIVS n5 XATIOXAL SAFETY XBH'S The Clark Safety First or Safety Always? Oxygen \ Continued from page 30) Carbon Dioxide the idea of accumulating safety sug- the accident rate in his trade is lower Inhalator , yestions and correcting unsafe prac- than in some less hazardous industries. ; tires and unsafe conditions, in killing Why is it that men can undertake j time and "soldiering" on the job, and work of this kind, and yet come .coming into safety meetings with lists through working safely? Why is it j of conditions made up at the last mo that we can have men in the electrical ment that they thought would get by industry handling high tension equip with the management. Many of these ment, oftentimes under conditions that were measures which would cost thou are extremely hazardous, where a false sands of dollars and place a burden on move might mean death, and yet see management beyond all reason. These them come through safely? Think of same committees, day in and day out. the wonderful strides made by the were spending their time seeing, and steel industry in safety, an example all engaging themselves in, practices that industry could well follow. The safety were unsafe, but which they could not progress of the railroads has been or would not correct. These jobs are wonderful these last few years. the 00-30 jobs I talked about. There are hundreds of working con I know places where safety engi ditions that from a relative standpoint neers have had a staff of men work could be called unsafe, and yet we ing for them all trying to sell safety know from experience that men and to the employees, all trying to sell women can be taught to work under safety to the management from the top those conditions in a manner that is WITH Prone Pressure, as an aid in restoring spon taneous breathing and for build ing up a weak or irregular res piration you will find:-- 7(:" Carbon Dioxide in Oxygen "Correctly A dm inistcred" vastly superior to the 5L,o mix down through the foremen, and in many cases succeeding, but in many cases, too, still fighting an uphill fight against odds practically unsurmount- able. because again it was only a "safe ty first" job. A safety idea had been sold to the management, and manage ment had taken the first step by obtain ing a safety engineer and had then stopped. leaving it up to the safety erf- gineer to carry out the entire safety program. ` We find, too, this condition: safety engineers who are burdened with a safe to themselves and safe to others. It is simply a case of getting the indi vidual so impressed with the need for caution in his occupation that every move he makes is regulated by the ne cessity of protecting himself and his fellow workers. There are occasional lapses, usually from outside causes, but on a basis of risk many of the most dangerous jobs are the safest. I cannot help feeling that in many cases management has had the idea that safety work involves continual correcting of conditions, replacement ture. To "Correctly Administer" this mixture you require an In halator that delivers all the task of this kind without the sound backing of management, attempting to sell themselves to the personnel, to the foreman, general foreman, shop superintendent, etc., trying to get their of obsolete equipment, rearrangement of machinery', modern buildings, better lighting, modern sanitation -- things which cannot always be achieved im mediately. Consequently safety has mixed gas the victim's respira tion demands, frequently up to (10 litres a minute. The Clark Inhalator is built to "correctly administer" this improved treatment. It delivers the necessary volume without waste. Two victims if necessary can be treated simultaneously with the "Clark." ` The more progressive are rap idly converting their Inhalator Equipment to "Clark's so they can give this improved treat cooperation on safety, using any means they can to obtain at least half-hearted cooperation to get the safety idea across, to get a 50-50 break. Gentle men, the 50-50 jobs won't work. We all know that it is possible to carry on the safety job in the manner described and accomplish something --and cer tainly a fittle good is better than none; but that isn't what we are striving for; that isn't the picture that is before us. I cannot help thinking of the things that have been accomplished in many lines of endeavor, where work is re quired under the most dangerous and hazardous conditions, and when I hear the remark made that we cannot get gone by the board. ' All those, things are desirable and pay dividends, we know, but the im possibility of their immediate attain ment should not discourage efforts to improve conditions and to promote safer practices. The principal duties and functions of management in connection with safety work, as I see them, are: 1. Let the applicant for a job know be fore he is employed that you have a safe plant: that you expect him to work safely, to be neat and orderly, to obey safety rules as well as operating rules. 2. Mean what you tell him. 3. See that each employee's foreman in ment. Let us quote you on converting YOUR equipment. McDonald engineering Corporation men to follow the safety practices pre scribed. T wonder what these same men would do if they were engaged in another line of endeavor. Think, for instance, of the struc tural iron worker, the hazards that he encounters day in and day out, the nat- structs him in the hazards, if any, in connection with the plant as a whole and, with his own work in particular. Know the hazards and see that every body else in the plant does too. 4. Instill in the minds of all supervisors the necessity of proper and continuous functioning with regard to safety, just 111 Varct Street, Brooklyn, H. Y. I ural hazards of his occupation, and yet as you do for production. When writing advertisers, flease mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1S0 Take good care of your employees when they arc hurt. They are human and need to he cared for. and the natural human interest and thought tor their welfare brings a prompt reward. fi. See that each accident is pruperly in vestigated, the cause determined, and the responsibility placed where it be longs. Use the tacts from specific ac cidents to warn employees. Discipline when necessary. 7. Be prompt to correct the small, needless hazards. Take care of the larger- items as rapidly as you can, but while they exist, point them out and protect them as best you can until they can be prop erly protected. S. Keep hammering. What can management expect from its investment in safety? The answer is, you get back in proportion to what you put in. If made wisely, it is an investment; if not, it is a speculation, and you may or may not get a profit. (f the investment is wisely made and followed up, the results should he: 1. A cleaner, more orderly, more syste matic plant. ' 2, Reduced cleaning and handling costs. 3, Fewer accidents with a corresponding reduction in lost time and compensation. A more efficient, satisfied and loyal per sonnel. ' Lower labor turnover. Better quality of work. Lower costs. The knowledge that you have contrib uted a sizable chunk of human interest, a share of the happiness of this world, that you have done and are doing your bit. ft. Get ALL the LIGHT you pay for Regardless of what illumination costs, how much is it really worth to you? That is to say, what is the value of its use? Clean Reflectors save light -- dirty reflectors waste it. --Makes overhead lamps easily acces sible for cleaning reflectors and changing bulbs. No climbing or electrical hazards. Gel new 'i'i-page Catalog free upon request. Handled by l e a d in g electrical jobbers. THOMPSON Safety oCowerin H Aisr G E R The Thompson Electric Co. 1438 W. 9th St. Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A. HOLCOMB LEGGINGS HAVE SIXTEEN SAFETY ESSENTIALS PERFECTED SPRING FRAME LEGGING PERFECTED SPRINGLESS LEGGING Every Holcomb legging includes the following safety essentials: Comfort Foot and Leg Protection Fit any Leg close Fit at Top Cover Entire Heel Bottoms Cannot Curl Up Simple* Operation Surfl106 ^xtra. Large Flares Adjusted Quickly and Positively Removed Instantly Wide * lap Opening Toward Back Selected Materials Careful Workmanship MADE OF ASBESTOS--FIRE PROOF DUCK --CHROME LEATHER The patented features of Holcomb Leggings are not found in any other. Write for samples HOLCOMB SAFETY GARMENT COMPANY, Manufacturers 118 North Jefferson Street > Chicago, Illinois When writing adivrtisers, please mention XATIOXAI. SAFETY XEll'S ss XATIOXAL SAFETY SEWS The Honor Roll Details of No-Accident records in excess of 50,000 man-days, or 200 working days, are incitedforpublication in this department. Records may be for an en tire plant or for a department. Special reportingformsfurnished on request. j American Car and Foundry Co. The blacksmith and forge departments ` of the American Car and Foundry Com1 pany, Chicago, 111,, have operated since , January 3, 1928, without a lost-time acci- dent. The plant has had an acident ex posure of 26,480 days. It employs an average of 38 men. The record was un I broken at the date of reporting. The paint department, employing an average of 20 men, has a record of 24,764 man days without a reportable accident. | The record, unbroken at the date of re porting, was begun March 23, 1926. Continental Steel Corp. On January 17, 1930, the wire drawing department of the Continental Steel Cor poration, Kokomo, Ind., completed a period of 308 calendar days without a lost time accident. This period represents 261 j working days, or about 52,000 man-days for a department that averages 200 em ployees. This record was accomplished by conscientious supervision and the keenest of interest on the part of the employees and safety committees. Crystal River Rock Co. The Crystal River Rock Company, lo cated at Crystal River, t'la., and engaged in quarrying lime rock, has completed a period of 361 working days without a lost time accident. This dates from July 9, 1928, to October 10, 1929, and represents 18,000 man-days. A previous unfavorable accident experience forced the plant to organize for safety. Active interest in Ithe prevention of accidents on the part of a competent safety engineer and the 50 employees of the plant has been responsi ble for this record. The accident termi nating the record occurred to a steam shovel operator who had been employed by the company for several years. 'tuod at 1,149 calendar days, or 93.", days when the plant was in actual operation. I he average number of employees for the period was 45 and the total exposure ex ceeded 320,000 man-hours. Pullman Co. Several shops of the Pullman Company have added to their previous honors in accident prevention by piling up large totals of sate man-hours. Following are records reported as of February 1. Shop Ave. No. Last L.T. Emp. Acc. Richmond .......... ,,... .... 447 St. Louis .................... 410 Buffalo ....................... 1,057 * alumct ((..`hicago).. 1.J29 Atlanta ................. .. , .... JuS 12-17-27 4-7.2H ?.Q.>Q 10 .41-29 K'6-29 Xu. ManHours -,,S44.3fi4 -\256.?t0 1,308,407 840.173 ,'11.514 Union Carbide Co. and Affiliated Compan ies. The Jersey City Warehouse of the Na tional Carbon Company, located at jersey City, >,'. J., has participated in making a no accident record of 170,438 labor-hours, dating from December 5, 1928, to Decem ber 31, 1929. The plant employs an aver age of 64 men, engaged in the manufac ture of flashlights, batteries, and other chemical products. This record entitles the Jersey City plant to the bronze tablet awarded any division completing 1,900,000 work-hours without a lost-time accident. The record was unbroxen at the date of reporting. The hydro-electric power plant of the Michigan Northern Power Company at Sault-Ste. Marie, Mich., with an average force of 62 employees, has operated since December 22, 1926, without a lost-time accident. On December 21, 1929, when the company completed the third consecu tive year without a lost-time accident the plant was awarded the second bar to the plaque given by the Union Carbide Com pany to the affiliated plant which com pletes a no-accident year. The exposure at that date stood at 458,321 man-hours. East Ohio Gas Co. United States Asbestos Division, Raybes- The Youngstown District of the East tos, Manhattan, Inc. Ohio Gas Company reports that it has f operated from April 82, 1929, without a A general campaign throughout the en tire plant has been responsible for the 89- | lost time accident. The period of accident dav no-accident record of the United exposure was 489,000 work hours. The States Asbestos Division, situated at Man- last no-accident record of the Youngs heim, Pa. This is equal to 42,364 man- town plant dated from July 23, 1928, to days. The plant employs 476 men and is April 22, 1929, a period of over 17 months. engaged in the manufacture of asbestos GEO.W.DIENER MAMUFACTURIMG CSX EES/lmomticello an. CHICAGO a Florida Portland Cement Co. The plant of the Florida Portland Ce, ment Company at Hooker's Point, Fla., , had, on January 31, operated 399 days j without a lost-time accident. The total exposure was 320,839 man-hours. Fre quent safety campaigns and first-aid training have aided in establishing the record, and the company makes liberal use of the National Safety Council post ers. calendars, pay envelope inserts and The Safe Worker. textile. The record was unbroken at the time of reporting. Van Cleef Bros: Van Cleef Bros., Chicago, manufactur ers of rubber goods and chemical prepara tions, report that 99 employees have worked 401 working days, or 45.243 work ing days, without a lost-time accident. Safety activities irt the plant are carried on through a "safety and social dub," with committees on safety, fire prevention, health and welfare. Contests within the Louisville Car Wheel & Ry. Supply Co. t For more than three years the Louis plant and with other plants have helped to maintain interest. ll'hen writing avdivlleertiCsearrs, Wplheaeseel m&enRtiaoinlwNayATSIuOppNlyALCoSmA- FETY NEWS [ pany has operated without a lost-time ` accident. On February t the record March, im Warning Is Too Late When the feet are injured--Wear Toe Saver Shoes and have no regrets. Made and recommended By Endicott Johnson Workers Dealers Everywhere Tune in on our radio program. Every Sunday Evening at 8 o'clock over stations W.O.R--W.L.W.--W.M.A.Q. ,sy IPCO PORTABLE DANGER SIGNS ATTRACTIVE--COLLAPSIBLE--SERVICEABLE MAY BE READ FROM ALL DIRECTIONS Recommended for Power, Telephone, Gas and Water Com panies, as well as Industrial plants. An efficient sign for streets, highways and general use to warn of overhead or underground danger. Constructed entirely of metal in two separate units, so that they may be used singly or as one unit as illustrated. The signs are attractively done in colors, reading the same on all sides. These portables also furnished with stock sign- plates reading DANGER--MEN WORKING ABOVE with arrow pointing up; DANGER--MEN WORKING BELOW with arrow pointing down, and DANGER--MEN WORK ING AHEAD. * Stays in position on any surface. Both units collapsible in design, taking up the minimum of space in trucks or store rooms. Send for Sign Bulletin "C" describing these portable signs in detail. a Pat. Nov. 3, 1925 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Manufacturers 3729 OLD YORK ROAD PHILADELPHIA, PA. When writing advertisers, please mention XATl OS'A L SAFETY XEWS 90 XATiOXAL .SAFETY XFAVS [ * * An Armor of Safety * * for all Footways Safety in the Plant Means Sidewalks for the Town --Safety drills and rigorous disci- ! pline in safety rules cannot take ! the place of elimination of danger j points in industry. [ Slippage surfaces must be MADE safe--sheathed in a protective "ar mor of safety"--NEVERSLIP floor plates. NEVERSLIP floor plates are truly an armor of safety; their pattern ("The Perfect Diamond") is assur ance against slippage, and they are made from fine open hearth rolled steel, giving great strength and Floor Plates long service life. We are Pioneers in this field. For 30 years we've made nothing but Floor Plates: We've learned a lot and applied it, during that time. NEVERSLIP Plates come m two patterns: "The Perfect Dia* mond," and "The Ribbed." SEND FOR SAM PLES AND LITERATURE. For Flooring, Walkways, Traffic Plates, Stair Treads, Platforms, etc., ALL SURFACES UPON WHICH MEN AND VEHICLES MOVE! ^MEmca^SiSsEP^fEil^ Commercial t!mt BuUdinl-PhiUdclphU-Pfas. COWELL. CALIF., now has 4300 feet of concrete sidewalk as a reminder of 43 months of safe opera tion by the Cowell Portland Cement Company. More than three years ago "GENTLEMEN, I HAVE CALLED THIS MEETING---" the company offered to build 100 feet of sidewalk for every month the plant operated without a lost-time accident. The employees responded with enthu siasm and the town is proud, not only of the sidewalks but also of the excep tional accident prevention record which provided them. During the 43 months that have elapsed since the last accident in the plant, an average force of 225 em ployees has operated 2,245,122 man hours in mill and quarry, handling and using explosives, operating heavy machinery and a plant and quarry rail road. Back of this unusual record of ac cident prevention has been the active interest and aggressive safety policy of the management. "Every one of our 19 foremen tells, "to show you that earnings can be increased by spending money in the right place, that preventable tiredness is an expensive economy, that any tool, attachment, device and even a chair that increases production pays dividends just as surely as the wise choice of a good superintendent or foreman." his men what to do and what not to do," says W. H. George, secretary and general manager of the company. "They know that we will not keep a foreman who has accidents in his de partment. "We also have a monthly foremen's snd ^. me Free Hand ' Book on relation of . fati*u to production costs. Name ............ ........................ Address ....... . nty ... . State ...................... JMOfAiL , Seats ofProduction ciiA\nii>ts Royal Metal Mfg. Co. 1134 S. Michigan Blvd,, Chicago Largest Manufacturers of Factory Chairs and Stoves dinner at which I always make it a point to attend, and all through the year we keep pounding away on this question of safety. We also maintain bulletin boards for safety posters." The above illustrations shows one of Cowell's residential streets with a section of the sidewalk contributed by the company's safety efforts. IVhen writing advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETY S'EIVS March, I'JSO 91 -Safety Calendar Reaches Other quantities were secured and Many Lands -hipped to such interesting destina tions in Europe as the following: Bil- TRAVELERS in foreign parts are ieruds Aktiebolag, Sati'le, Sweden: now likely to find the beautiful Kungl. Socialstyrelseu. Arbeturskydds- calendar of the National Safety Coun Arenden, Stockholm, Sweden: Hack cil displayed in almost any country of man & Company, Wihorg, Fin'antl: Europe, in some of South America, Industriidkarenes I Finland; Omsesi- and even as far away as New Zealand diga, Helsingfors. Finland; Metzv and Australia beyond the far south Kieisberg, Oslo, Norway, Henkel & seas. "Cie, G. m. b. H,, Dusseldorf, Ger Twenty foreign members of the many: I'nfallverhutungsbild, G. m. b. Council have secured quantities of the H, Berlin, Germany: Machienfabriek 1930 calendar, ranging from a few Gebr. Stork & Co,, Hengelo, Holland: copies to 200, 300 and even 700 copies. W. L. Z Van der Vegte, Beverwyk. This last quantity has been sent by the Holland; Orszagos Tarsadalombizto Sito Intezet, Budapest, Hungary: and Royal Hungarian Central Bureau nt Statistics, Budapest, Hungary. Then, of course, there is Siebe. Gor man & Co., Ltd., London, England; the Dunedin City Corporation, Dune din, New Zealand; and the Chile Ex ploration Company, Chuquicamata, Chile, South America. Finally, quantities of the calendar were secured hv several non-members, among them Chetinspektorat for tabrikktilsynet. < 'Iso, Norway; Federazione Nazionale, Facista. Rome, Italy; and Xordvvestliche Eisen und Stahl, Berut'sgenossenschaft, Hanover. Ger many. Union Carbide Company to the Elec tric Furnace Products Co,, Ltd., its foreign connection at Suada, Norway. The U. S. Rubber Company sent 300 copies to Joseph Gere, its representa c ..- it commands respect of the A* public. V tive in Paris, France. --It inspires confidence in your The Braden Copper Company, at workmen. Valparaiso, Chile, South America, has secured 200 copies. A similar quantity went to the Safety Museum, Amster ---It is Redteco (the new warn ing signal for city use) aqd dam, Holland. Again 800 copies were Yelteco----the new signal for shipped to the New South Wales Gov highways. ernment Railways & Tramways, Svdney, New South Wales. And 114 copies went to the Electrolytic Zinc Company of Australia, Ltd., Hobart, % ti >* May tarn gtndyou a folder with all details? THOS. E. COLLINS & CO. 812 OKre St. St. Louis, Mo. .4* Tasmania. This Free Applicator Bottle of MERCURO* CHROME will convince you that it is the logical successor to Tincture of Iodine for First Aid Prophylactic and General Antiseptic Use-- jliff ERCUROCHROME stains as Iodine does, and It is the stain of Mercurochrome, as it is of Iodine, that shows just where and how effectively the germicide has been ap plied ; it fixes the bactericidal agent in the field for a relatively permanent period which prolongs the asepsis or the steriliz ing effect, and it provides for demonstrable penetration into the tissues beneath the superficial surfaces. Inasmuch as Mercurochrome is definitely proved an extremely efficient general antiseptic, it is only reasonable to consider it the successor to Iodine in this field, as it is free from the objec tionable features of Iodine, for Mercurochrome does not irritate, burn or injure tissue. Sell yourselves first with this free sample: HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING BALTIMORE, MD. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING Dept. S, Baltimore, Md. Please send me free Mercurochrome Appli cator Bottle for personal use. Company......... Addrcte ........ When tvriting advertisers, please mention .VATiOW![. i r/rri' yntfC' t)2 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS LemnYourlnsumnceRates Justrite Safety Can Sizes--1 pint to S gallons Justrite Waste Can Capacity--t, S, 10, Prevent Fire and Explosion How about YOU,*--Your plant?--Your employee*? Are you taking the {illicit safety precaution* against fires, explosion*, accidents and other danger risk*? Are you using modern, convenient, efficient and approved safety appliances to store your waste, gasoline, benzine, kerosene, turpentine, naphtha, alcohol and other hazardous explosives and volatile liquids? Play safe--follow the example of thousands of cautious plant executives--install the latest improved JUSTRITE Safety Appliances TODAY. Insurance Companies Gladly Lower Rate Premiums to plants who install approved, up-to-date safety appliances. JUSTRITE Safety Appliances are inspected and labeled by both the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., and the Associated Factories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, Protect your plant--your employees--install the latest improved JUST* RITE Safety Devices TODAY. See your dealers or write us for interesting prices and literature. rTustrke, Justrite Mfg* Co. <^cag^uunois The ACME SHIELD UiMi a. Ctantfard k, tha Uadarwrltara Lakoratoriaa Never Out of Order Alwayi Uied Over 4000 Sold Thi, Year Alone They Must Be Good Price With Lamp $12.50 ea. Without Lamp 8.50 ea. THE Acme Shield in your plant means but one thing: an instant reduction of accidents at the emery wheel from the moment of installation. The Acme comes to you ready for use--complete with heavy flexible arm, non-shatterable glass shield, and neces sary fittings. It may be had with or without the individual work light. Sold by all machinery supply houses Manufactured by CHICAGO EYE SHIELD CO. tO Warren Blvd. CHICAGO, ILL. External Conditions Cause Most Falls (Continued from page ;i4j erable areas of horizontal walkway surfaces, took care of this enormous traffic unequalled elsewhere in the world in such small area. Conditions, however, had been made as safe as human ingenuity could devise. There were no noticeable external physical hazards. The result is manifest and shows that human physical deficiencies are a minor factor as a cause of falls. Another illuminating example is that of the main stairway of a large railroad terminal in Philadelphia. At one time, observations were made dur ing a period of six months. During the first six weeks of this period, 141 falls occurred. The exposure, though very large, is not known. After changing the type of tread construc tion and material, and with no other changes whatever, there was not a single fall in the following three months during which observations were continued. This instance also indicates quite clearly that such ac cidents are almost entirely the result of hazardous or unsafe external phys ical conditions, the removal of which brings a cessation of the accidents. . On a sidewalk at a busy street in tersection in down town New York, there were nine accidents reported in i single day to one casualty insurance company as occurring on a dangerous coal hole cover. The hazard was re moved soon afterward, and, since that time, several years ago, there has not been a single fall at that location, again clearly showing the menace of ex ternal hazards and the futility of blaming the human victim for such casualties. In conclusion, it is admitted that, in our modem life, our tissues have become more or less relaxed, and it is unquestionably true that there are more people who have impaired or sluggish reflexes, suffer with fatigue, poor eyesight, and are perhaps more careless in their haste, but, in spite of these seeming possibilities of cause for accident, we must recognize from the foregoing and numerous similar experiences that, if falls are to be prevented, external conditions must be made safe. Petroleum Section Reaches World-Wide Audience THE News-Letters of the Petrole um Section and other safety liter ature for the industry issued by the National Safety Council have almost as wide a distribution throughout the world as the deposits of petroleum. As an example, this material is dis tributed to employees of the Vacuum When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1930 Oil Company in the following foreign cities: Genoa, Italy; Paris, France; Lon don, England; Hamburg, Germany; Stockholm, Sweden; Oslo, Norway; Cairo, Egypt; Karlovac, Jugoslavia; Prague, Czechoslovakia; Budapest, Hungary; Czechowice, Poland; Vien na, Austria; Cape Town, South Afri ca; Melbourne, Australia; Lisbon, Portugal; Copenhagen, Denmark >. Barcelona, Spain; Buenos Aires, Ar gentine Republic; Bombay, India; Hong Kong, China; Shanghai, China; Kobe, Japan. Orders for complete sets of Petro leum Safe Practices Pamphlets have been received recently from Sarawak Oilfields, Ltd., Shell Company of Egypt, and United British Oilfields of (N*. 22 Km itHl, A luh dilric--SliMt*. Six12* iHltii with 'A-ln Perforated Metal Trinidad, Ltd. is recognized as excellent material for the manufacture of Safety Guards. Fleet Owners to Compile The advantage of Erdle Perforated Metal Sectional Statistics Collection of mu accident statistics from members of the Taxicab and Fleet Owners Section was agreed on at the Section's Execu tive Committee meeting in Chicago on is that it comes to you ready to be made into a practical guard of your own manu facture. A guard of this type is always highly satisfactory, fof it fits your particular needs. This strong, durable metal will be sent to you in any procurable size. February 7. Tremendous increases in street and highway accidents last year have emphasized the importance of ac An inquiry will bring detailed information. curate accident records on the part of vehicle operators. Erdle Perforating Company A simple form has been prepared 171 York Street Rochester, N. T. for the reporting of this information to the headquarters office, where it will be compiled and included along with the accident records of other council sections in "Industrial Acci dent Statistics," 1930 edition. Following the practice proved ef fective in other sections the identity Your Linemen Are Valuable of reporting members will not be re vealed to anyone outside the statistical staff and key numbers will be used in --PROTECT THEM the printed report to enable each re porting firm to compare its records OUR linemen work under the most severe handicaps--all with those of other companies in the same type of vehicle operation. Accident rates will be computed on X kinds of weather---all hours of the day and night . . . surely they deserve protection: an hourly basis, as well as on a mileage Proof of the protective qualities of Marshall's Linemen's Shields basis where the information is avail able. Separate classifications will be made for property damage and per is evidenced by the fact that more than 1,000 of the leading pub lic utility companies throughout the country are using them. sonal injury accidents, for different Use of the best materials, and thorough testing for dielection and types of vehicles, and other significant groupings. While this activity is under the direction of the Taxicab and Fleet mechanical strength are responsible for this product's effective ness. Mail the coupon. Owners Section, Council members not at present enrolled in that Section are LINEMEN PROTECTOR COMPANY urged to report their vehicular acci 2009 Penobscot Bldg. Detroit, Mich. dent experience if possible. The re liability of the information will be come greater as the number of re LINEMEN PROTECTOR COMPANY Xante ____ ______ ____ porting firms increases. March 10 has been set as the date for receipt of these reports in the National Safety Council office. Reporting forms will be sent immediately upon request. 2WI Penobscot Bldf., Detroit, Mich. Please send me details of your Protective Equip ment for Linemen. Address Company Position When writing advertisers, please mention XATIO.VAL SAFETY MEWS H NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS NewMembers National SafetyCouncil January IQ-February 10, 1930 DUST COLLECTORS Sand Blast Equipment and Protective Devices PAN6BORN CORPORATION HAGERSTOWN, MARYLAND Several more jobber openings to handle Ampco Metal Non-Sparking Tools ERE is a sturdy, durable hard bronze tool that won't throw a spark. Laboratory and shop tests bear out this statement. Ampco Tools are in wide demand for use in: Oil Refineries Oil Tankers Mines Powder Plants Lacquer and Paint Plants, etc. On the market for five years--hundreds of installations-- constant repeat orders. A good margin for jobbers---a non-competitive staple line. Jobbers carry only small stock--delivery from manufacturer's storehouse. Let us tell you about the sales possibilities in your field. AMERICAN METAL PRODUCTS CO. 1346 Burnham St. Milwaukee, Wisconsin Acme Limestone Co., Alderson, \V. Va. Aero Underwriters Corp., New York Citv, Allen Air-Turbine Ventilator Co., Detroit, Mich. Alpena Leather Corp., Alpena, Mich. American Chicle Co,, Long Island Citv N. Y. '' ' American Blower Co., Detroit, Mich. Arkansas-Missouri Power Co., Blvthe- ville. Ark. Arkansas Natural Gas Corp., Shreveport, La. Atlantic Basin Iron Works, Brooklvn N, Y. ' Atmospheric Nitrogen Corp., Hopewell, Va. Atwell & Vogel, Inc., Chicago, 111. Central Mutual Auto Ins. Co., Detroit, Mich. Chestnut & Smith Corp., Ranger, Texas. City of Minneapolis, Engineers Dept., Minneapolis, Minn. Consolidated Paper Co., Monroe, Mich. Denki Kyokai, Tokio, Japan. Detroit Creamery Co., Detroit, Mich. Detroit Gear & Machine Co., Detroit, Mich. Detroit Seamless Steel Tubes Co., De troit, Mich. Detroit Steel Castings Co., The, Detroit, Mich. Eagle Pencil Co., New York City. Engelhardt, H. L., Oakland, Calif. Federal Motor Truck Co., Detroit, Mich. Ferguson, Dr. C. L., Portsmouth, O. French Paper Co., Niles, Mich. Genimer Manufacturing Co., Detroit, Mich. General Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis. General Box Co., Winchendon, Mass. General Box Co., Bogalusa, La. General Box Co., Jersey City, N. J. General Box Co., E. St. Louis. 111. Heil Co., The, Long Island City, N. Y. Hoegger, Inc., Weehawken, N. J. Hudson Motor Car Co., Detroit, Mich. Indiana University Library, Bloomington, Ind. Irvington Police Dept., Irvington, N. J. Jackson Chamber of Commerce, Jackson, Miss. Lehmann Machine Co., St. Louis, Mo. Long Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich. Maag, The August, Co., Baltimore, Md. McCutcheon, Mr. Andrew, Chicago, 111. Metals Mutual Insurance Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Mitchinson, H., Norwood, Winnipeg, Man., Can. Montana Motor Trades Assn., Helena, Mont. North Star Granite Corp., St. Cloud, Minn. Oliver Iron & Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Omaha Steel Works, Omaha, Neb. Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. Penberthy Injector Co., Detroit, Mich. Phillips, E. L. & Co. New York City. Pit & Quarry, Chicago, III. _. ,, Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co., The, Pittsburg, Kansas. Powers Metal Products Co., Los Angeles, Calif. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1930 Ranier Pulp & Paper Co., Shelton, Wa-h, Richfield Oil Corp. ut N. V., New York City. Rock Products, Chicago, III. S. & S, Corrugated Paper .Machinery Co., Inc,, Brooklyn. X. Y. Safety Council of Tulsa, Tui-a, Okla. Seneca Coal Sc Coke Co.. Broken Arrow, Ok la. Sinclair Automobile Service Corp., Chi cago, 111, Sligo Iron Co., St. Louis, .Mo. Frank Stager Insurance Agencv, Sterling,' IH. ' _ Stark Brick Co., The, Canton, O. State of Idaho, Boise, Idaho. Superior Machine Tool Co,, Kokomo. Ind. Tilley, The John S., Ladders Co., Inc., Watervliet, X. Y. Tisdale Lumber Co., Astoria, N. Y. U. S. Aviation Underwriters, Inc., New York City. Universal Granite Quarries Co., Chicago, ill. Vehicle Underwriting Agency, Inc., New York City. Walker & Co., Detroit, Mich. Wernersville Lime & Stone Co., Werners- ville, Pa. DURABLE SAFETY MATS EconPoromtieccatlion STRAIGHT WEAVE One little accident, even when machinery is safeguarded with all the ordinary devices, may prove costly. A small investment in Dura ble Safety Mats will pay big divi dends in removing the hazard of slippery or wet floors. Compared with the cost, the resutts to be ob- tained insure liberal returns on the investment. In addition to the safety feature, Durable .Safety Mats provide foot comfort, thus increasing efficiency, and go far toward eliminating noise. We invite your careful investiga tion. DURABLE MAT COMPANY Gas Company Makes 52% Accident Reduction HE organized program of safety educa tion being conducted among the em ployees of the Consolidated Gas Company Tof New York and affiliated gas compa nies resulted in a 52 per cent decrease in accidents during 1929, according to George B. Cortelvou, president of the company. There were but 383 lost-time accidents last year, as compared with 596 in 1928, the company records show. The manufacturing department of the gas companies reduced its lost-time accidents from 405 in 1927 to 56 in 1929. The record of this department for 1929 as compared with 1928 shows a de crease of 61 per cent. In the same period the transportation department registered a decrease of 58,7 per cent. An exceptionally good record was estab lished by the Elizabeth Street branch of the Customers Service Department, which has not had a lost-time accident since January 16, 1927. This branch employs an average of 123 men. Another high record was registered by the Ravenswood plant of the company, which has not had a lost-time accident for the past 27 months. Both of these records were still intact at the time of reporting. Mid-West Editors to Meet in Chicago, April 25 764 Miami Street AKRON, OHIO 2924 16th Ave. S. W. SEATTLE, WASH. EASTERN SALES REPRESENTATIVES PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT CO. Chicago, III. SAFETY FIRST SUPPLY CO. Pittsburgh* Pa. MARTIN SAFETY CO.* INC. Toledo* Ohio THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE CO. Cleveland, Ohio M. F. MURDOCK CO. Akron* Ohio THE E. A. KINSEY CO. Indianapolis and Cincinnati PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CORP. New York, N. Y. AMERICAN ALLSAFE CO., INC. Buffalo, N. Y. INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SUPPLY CO. Milwaukee, Wis. * INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS CO. Philadelphia, Pa. GERM-FREE PLANTS ARE SAFER MARCH, the month of thaws, is a difficult time to keep your employees on the job. Disease germs are working overtime during this period, causing a heavy loss in produc tion. Fumigation of your plant with Safti-Fume, the Universal Safe Fumigant, will lessen this danger. Rats and other disease carriers are quickly exterminated. Safti-Fume drives them out of your plant where they die. Send coupon for detail*. HE Mid-West Regional Conference of the Employees' Publication Section of the National Safety Council will be held at THotel Sherman, Chicago, Friday, April 2.5. At the morning session H. J. Taylor, vice president, Jewel Tea Company, Inc., will speak on "Thq Employees' Magazine and the Management." A luncheon meeting will be held at which the speaker will be Prof. H. E. Harrington, director of the Medilt School of Journalism, Northwestern Uni versity, who will have for his subject "An Outsider Looks at Employee Magazines." At the afternoon session the subject will be "Improving the Appearance of Our Magazines." The principal speaker will be W. A. Kittredge, director of design and vpography for R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company. At 5 ',00 p. m. the group will leave for a personally conducted tour through Chicago's Chinatown. Trade Utrfc * Bc. U. S. Pat Offfc* /kFETY Fumigant & Chemical Co. Inc. 522 Fifth Ave. New York. N. Y. ALSO OFFICES IN PHILADELPHIA HARRISBURG. PA. Safety Fumigant & Chemical Co., Inc. 522 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Please und me template detail* ef yeur service end preduets. Name : Company Address , Pesltla* . IVhen writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ye NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Silicate Black Boards Stone Slate Black Boards Accidental Deaths i in the United States Cork Bulletin Boards Compiled by the Statistical Bureau, Public Safety Division, National Safety Council January, 1930 and cities. Corrections are made as new information becomes available, NEW YORK SILICATE BOOK SLATE CO. XO VeMjr Street New Yprk, N. Y. Every plan of industrial safety clearly told in-- THE MANUAL OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY Bv SIDNEY J. WILLIAMS, C. E, Director, Public Safety Division, National Safety H3RU i* a r>rartir*i outline of safely method* that hare actually lowered accidents, stepped-up production, affected substantial sa-riturt and built up profits in iantt and small plants the coun try over. You are told the essen tial* of safeguarding: pro tection of belts, ffears, saw*, punch presses; safe wearing apparel such as goggles, respirators, hel met.. masks anti other body protection. 207 pages, SVjxS illustrated $2,50 postpaid McGRAW-HILL FREE EXAMINATION COUPON MeQraw-Hill Book Ce., Inc,, 370 Seventh Ave,, New York. You msv send me for 10 days4 tree examination a copy of Williams' ' THE MANUAL OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY," $2-30- I ajrree. to remit for the book, or return it postpaid, within 10 c^iyi. ; $ $ t a u Name .......................................................... ^ Home Address ............ .......... .................. ..................., i City and State,................. # Position * Name of Company,.,.,........ .................................. J NFN-3 30 J MOTOR VEHICLE DEATHS \ UTQMOBILE deaths are usu ally from 10 to 20 per cent fewer in January than in the pre ceding December. January, 1930, exhibited the same downward ten dency hut the decline was even greater, according to preliminary re ports from cities and states with a totai population of about 42,000,000. Only about 75 per cent as many deaths are estimated in the first month of the new year as in the last month of the record-breaking 1929. Furthermore, the January deaths were not much over half the num ber that occurred in October last year. One of the most notable January declines occurred in Chicago, where the police department received less than half as many death reports as in the preceding month. New York City also experienced a drop of over 20 per cent in January. Among tne states, the Pennsylvania Depart ment of Highways reported a drop from 172 fatalities in December to 124 in January. The proportion of pedestrian deaths again increased; 71 per cent of ail fatalities were in this group. This is a 14 per cent increase from last September when only 57 per cent of ail deaths in the National Safety Council's reporting area were pedestrians. Child deaths, however, were pro portionately a little more numerous than in December, This is only a forecast of what is liable to happen in the spring and summer months. Last July, for example, 37 per cent of all pedestrian deaths were of chil dren under 15. While the January percentage was only 17, increases will certainly come unless child safety work becomes more effective. Motor Deaths Each Day The following estimates are based on monthly reports to the National Safety Council by cooperating states fanuarv in-'a ......... -.................... ........ t3u ........ ii? March ................................... April ...................................... ....... :i May ........................................ i une ............................................... July ........................................ ....... 94 August ....... -...........-............. ....... 112 September ............... ..................... 101 October .................................. ....... no November ............................ .......in December ,.................... ........ ....... si l `do Honor Roll Six cities with a population of more than 100,000 have reported that no motor vehicle deaths oc curred in January: Cambridge, Mass.; Duluth, Minn.: Fall River, Mass.; Flint, Mich.; Fort Wayne, Ind,: Waterbury, Conn. The following 19 cities of less than 100,000 population also re ported perfect records: Alameda, Calif.; Chicopee, Mass.; Colo rado Springs, Colo.; Evanston, 111.; Fitchburgh, Mass.; Great Falls, Mont.: Holy oke, Mass.; Kalamazoo, Mich.; Lakewood, Ohio; Lynchburgh, Va.; Malden, Mass.; Moline, 111.; New Britain, Conn.; Oshkosh, Wis.; Portland, Me.; Quincy, Mass.; Ra cine, Wis.; Wheaton, III.; Woburn, Mass. HOME FATALITIES Reports on deaths from home ac cidents were somewhat less dis couraging than a year ago, when they exceeded auto fatalities by 25 per cent. In the January just past these deaths were not quite as nu merous as in December, and were 8 per cent fewer than those charged to motor vehicles. Burns, scalds and asphyxiation* were responsible for over half the deaths in homes but were not quite as numerous, proportionately, as a year ago. Falls, on the other hand, were more numerous. In some cities home deaths were especially important. In St. Louis, for instance, there were 20 acci dental deaths in homes but only 11 in motor vehicle crashes. Provi dence, R. L, had 12 home fatalities, only 4 in auto accidents. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEK'S March, I'JSfl 07 Third All Ohio Conference Draws Record Attendance THESE outstanding companies can serve you promptly and effi UK third annua) -v-'h'ii -it the All Ohio Saictv (Auigre'.*, held at C-dumbus, Tuesday, W ednesday and Thursday. January 14, 1.1 ami Hi, was the largest in point, of attendance and the most enthusi astic in interest yet held by safety work ers in Ohio industry under the auspices ui the Industrial (.nmmission of Ohio and the management of the Division of .Safety and Hygiene, The registration for the sessions was slightly under a.uim and the gathering was a remarkable reflection of the in terest in accident prevention work in the industries of the state. The opening general session was pre sided over by Supt. Thomas 1'. Kearns of the Division of Safety and Hygiene, general chairman of the committee of ar rangements. Mayor James j, Thomas welcomed the delegates on behalf of the city and Governor Myers V. Cooper greeted the assemblage for the state. Wellington T, Leonard, chairman of the Industrial Commission, explained the aims and objects of the congress and intro duced the speakers. President C, E. Pettibone of the Xational Safety Council, who spoke on "Xational Safety'1 and Isaiah Hale, safety -.uperintendent of the Sante Fe railroad, who made a stirring inspira tional address. Tuesday evening, a dinner meeting for employers and plant executives was held with nearly 500 in atendance. L. B. Web ster, executive secretary of the Ohio Man ufacturers' Association, was toastmaster ! two addresses were made, K, H. Mulpresident of the King Machine Tool ,of Cincinnati, talking on "Why Safety?" and W. H. Cameron, managing director of the Xational Safety Council bringing a forcible and interesting safety message. Mr. Cameron substituted on the. program for W. C. Culkins, executive vice-president of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, who was unavoidably ab sent. An interesting feature of the enter tainment was a talk by C, A, t Sunny! Sundberg, well-known humorist of Spring field, Ohio. The general session of Wednesday afternoon was presided over by L. E. Xvsewander, labor's representative on the Industrial Commission. Cnder the gen eral topic "Our Brothers' Keeper," ad dresses were made by Secretary James j. Davis of the U, S, Department of Labor, who spoke on "Safety for the Worker"; Director W. T, Blake of the State Depart ment of Industrial Relations, whose topic was "The State's Responsibility for Acci dent Prevention"; Dr, Sidney M. Mc Curdy, chief of the medical department of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co,, Youngstown, Ohio, on "Relationship of Safety and Public Health," whose paper was read by I, M, Woitz, Youngstown; Miss Frances Perkins, industrial commis sioner for the state of Xew York, who -poke on the "Cooperation of Capital and Labor in Safety"; and T, P, Brown, dis trict lighting engineer of the Edison Lamp Works, Cleveland. Ohio, who gave an illustrated talk on "Good Lighting and Safety." The concluding general session, pre1 over by Thomas M, Gregory, the X representative on the industrial .......mission, was devoted to discussion of the general topic "Specialized Industrial Safety." "Safety in the Steel Industry' was dteus.ed by S, R. Reetamus, acting ciently with Wheeler Pro tective Apparel thus as works manager of the American Rolling Mill Co.. Middleton. < thin; "Safety in suring you "More Safety Motor Fleet Operation" was the topic of an address Sty Marcus Dow, manager of Per Dollar." the Department of Safety and Personnel, The Motor Transit Management Co,. Chi cago, III.; "Safety and Manufacturing" was discussed by Dr, H, H, Myers, head of the welfare and safety department of the Frigidairc Corporation, Dayton, Ohio; "The Yaiue of Accident Records" was t i 1 j ! Get in touch with the nearest one and take ad vantage of their Wheeler Safety Service. presented by Ethelbert Stewart, U. S. i Commissioner of Labor Statistics, Wash- ; ington, D. C.; and "Safety and Insurance" DISTRIBUTORS was the subject of an address by Fred M. Wilcox, chairman of the Industrial Commission of Wisconsin. The final assemblage, of the congress j Fred K. Blanchard, Inc. Troy, N. Y. Carey Machinery & Supply Co. was the get together luncheon at noon Thursday, J. M. Woitz, safety director of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., was toastmaster, judge Edward T, Dixon of Cincinnati aroused much enthusiasm j : i Baltimore, Md. Cutter, Wood & Sanderson Co. Cambridge, Mass. First Aid Equipment & Supply with a forcible exhortation in which he urged the safety advocates present to re turn to their duties with a determination to apply the safety messages received | from the many speakers. Supt. Thomas j P, Kearns of the Division of Safety and Hygiene extended the thanks of the di- , Co. Los Angeles, Calif. C. D. Genter Chattanooga, Tenn. Gustin-Bacon Mfg. Co. Kansas City, Mo. vision and the Industrial Commission to all participating in the congress. The sectional meetings held during the first two days of the conference nearly all showed an increase in attendance over the two previous conferences. The Fore men's Safety Training Section, with more than TOO present, was the largest of these meetings. The Foundry Section came j next with an attendance of approximately nOO. Other groups holding sectional meetings were; Metals. Rubber, Con Industrial Products Co. Philadelphia, Pa. The E. A. Kinsey Co. Cincinnati, Ohio Martin Safety Company, Inc. Toledo, Ohio The C. S. Mersick & Co. New Haven, Conn. Protective Equipment Inc. Chicago, XU. struction. Paper and Pulp, Small Plants, Public Employees, Woodworking, Public Utilities, Laundries and Dry Cleaners, j Fire Prevention, Mines and Quarries, Em- ; ployees' Publications, and Ceramics. j: Safety First Supply Co. Pittsburgh, Pa. Sligo Iron Store Company St. Louis, Mo. Syracuse Supply Co. Syracuse, N. Y. Education Useless Without j Weldit Acetylene Co. Detroit, Michigan Contractor's Support ; W. S. Wilson Corporation New York, N. Y. ISSEMIXATIOX of safety bulletins The Young & Vann Supply Co. and posters, safety talks at frequent : intervals to superintendents and foremen, 1 Birmingham, Ala. Dand prize contests for individual results , are ail essential features in reducing casu- : alties occurring on building construction, ( said William G, Wheeler, executive secre- ` tary of the Committee on Accident Pre vention of the Building Trades Employ- , ers' Association, speaking before the I construction section of the Delaware ; Safety Council. | Mr. Wheeler stressed the fact that the 1 above activities are useless without the 1 im WHEELER II IIdPPdBEL support of the contractor, who must sup ply a safe place for his men to work. He also emphasized the importance of coop- I eration between builder and laborer and j F. H. Wheeler Mfg. Co. pointed out that the foreman is the man to hold responsible for accidents on the job, f in as much as he is the key man of the ' 224-230 West Huron Street CHICAGO - - - ILLINOIS industry, maintaining safeguards and standards and teaching safe practices, i When writing advertisers, please mention XATIOS'AL SAFETY S'EWS XAUQXAL SAFETY XEll'S The Four Essentials of ! Fire Protection J Murray Safety Slings LET SANKEY GUARDS Assume The Responsibility You as the employer are respon sible for the safety of your work men, but the responsibility of foot protection immediately falls on Sankey Guards when they are put to work--they serve exceed ingly well when given this oppor tunity. Protected against 300 foot pounds -- the maximum load he can carry-- your employee has the necessary confidence of foot I safety that enables him to work I more efficiently. The coupon brings you a trial pair. EllwooD SAFETY APPLIANCE COMPANY ELLWOOD CITY, PA. J ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. i ELLWOOD CITY. PA. * Ples lend ui. on memorandum invote, .................. .. ' pairs Rigidlum. j ........ .........pairs Steel. Sankey Corrugated Feet Guards. \ it it understood that these guards may he returned J without obligation it they tail to meet our requirements. * Nam f Firm......... ............................................ t Street Address ......... ...................... j City and State . $ Attention of .......................... . ................... ................ ...................... t Continued from page 18) extinguishers be recharged at least , duce a year. This may seem like l an arbitrary ruling, but a little 1 thought will lead to a different con clusion. Most plants don't have so many tires that the fire equipment wears out through use. The trouble with must such equipment is that it wears out through neglect. To avoid this neglect it is important that extinguishers be inspected peri odically. The best way to inspect them is to see how they work. Most employees working in fac- > tories, stores, etc,, pay but little at tention to fire extinguishers. They may casually observe the ex For Safety Use tinguishers hanging on the wall, but most of them don't know how they operate or how to correctly use Murray Safety Slings:--made in any style and capacity them. And, it may be that at the and time of fire these same uninformed workmen may be the ones required to use them. The personnel of work ing forces changes and hence yearly Murray Boatswain Safety ('hairs -.---make suspension jobs safe. inspections of fire equipment and in struction in their use are necessary. Everyone who has had experience in fire-fighting knows that, almost invariably, the first few minutes in a fire's life are the ones that count j Write for nczv folder Murray Safety Sling Co. Incorporated 33 Water StM Pittsburgh, Pa. the most. A fire in a waste paper , basket is of little consequence if it is speedily extinguished, but let it burn unhampered and it may soon assume the proportions of a conflagra- j THE PROVENtion. This brings us to the considera tion of the fourth essential of correct FOUNTAIN fire protection--"Confidently oper ated." To prevent panic in time of fire, men who are to operate fire ex tinguishers must be well trained in their use. They should be so well trained, in fact, that in the event of fire they will act automatically. Men who have had such training will not become panic stricken in time of fire, nor will they run from it. The best way to give men training and confidence in the operation of fire The R-S Drinking Fountain has wide acceptance --it is a proven bubbler. From every angle it is efficient. Besides furnishing dean, refreshing water --each drink is a sanitary one. extinguishers is to have regular demonstrations during which alt em ployees are instructed in the use of different types of extinguishers and given an opportunity to use them on actual test fires. No intelligent person can say that first-aid fire protection and the prac tice of fire prevention is not worth while in view of the hundreds of cases on record where first-aid fire extinguishing devices have quickly and effectively extinguished fires which, unchecked, might have re suited in enormous losses. Of Because of its special design it prevents lips from touching the nozzle -- con tamination is nat urally eliminated. Let us send you illustrated cata log showing the complete line of Rundle-Spence drinking fountains. Rundle-Spence Mfg. Co. 65 Fourth St., Milwaukee, Wis. course, it should be realized that IVhen zvrit. ng advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETY XEIVS March, 1930 0!) Flohr Automatic Saw and Jointer Guards for Woodworking Machinery Superior Saw Guard* are made la sizes to fit saws from 6 in. to 36 in. in diameter. The SUPERIOR SAW GUARD, operating absolutely automatically, adjusting itself to the varying thicknesses of lumber with no attention from the operator, leaves the opera tor free to devote his entire at tention to the work at hand. Increased production and satis faction of the operator are as sured. What the Schools of Buffalo have to say: "We Have made a careful study of Saw Guards with reference to proper safety pro tection to the operator mid one which did not interfere too much with the various operations necessary in school work, and have found that the Flohr Automatic Saw Guards are the most satisfactory on the market." READ the reasons why: 1. Safety. 2. Sturdy and rigid con struction. 3. Vibration practically eliminated. 4. Operates on either tilt ing or non-tilting saw table or tilting saw ar bor. 5. Equipped with splitter. 6. Equipped with "nonkiclc-back" fingers. Manufactured by Helios Mfg. Corp. P. O. Box 487 Buffalo, New York lirat-aid extinguishing devices, al- j though often able to put out a lire, ! in no way lake the place of the regu lar city nre department. They are the "first line ot defense,'' while the tire department is the "heavy ar- i tillery, ' Keep cool and use your head. ` Ready to i Use This is a prosaic assertion, and yet it is the best advice which can be giv en to the amateur iire-tighter. Kot i only must he know how to operate I the lire extinguishing devices, but | he must be able to judge accurately j whether the fire falls within the ca| pacity of his extinguisher or requires : outside assistance, this calls for judgment. In conclusion, it is well to re member that fire protection always pre-supposes fire prevention. For, unfortunately, due to the frailties of human nature and other ungovern| able factors, it is an impossibility to insure against fire by merely taking steps to prevent it. Of course, in a I building which is inspected regu- j lariv and hazardous conditions re| moved or remedied, the chances of j fire occurring are much less than Needs only Heat i SIMPLE Foe faster, safer soldering-- for greater savings la produc tion and maintenance--ampli fy your soldering by using Kester, the solder that elimi nates the danger of separate fluxes. Kester needs only heat--the perfect dux is in the core of the solder itself. We are prepared to furnish any metal alloy of the tin and lead ^roup. In thirty sizes, cored with eight differ ent duxes, according to your specific needs. Consult our research and experimental department. Write for book let--"Facts on Soldering.'* KESTER SOLDER CO. 4206 Wrightwood Ave. CHICAGO, ILL. Established 1899 Formerly Chicago Solder Co. in the plant where these measures are not taken. However, even the most rigid fire prevention measures do not in any way lessen the need for fire protection and this fact should always be realized. # """ j "Stop Accidents or Close rLU X'COBK-. SOLDER ACID. COS I SO SIN-CORK SASTC-COSK MITAl MINOSS ! RADIO SOLDI* the Shop" (Continued from page 32) basic causes of accidents were mental rather than physical. Considerably more might be written about the experience of this company but it is sufficient to say that the Safe ty Bureau of the Duluth Chamber of Commerce awarded the company the plaque for 1927 for making the best record in its class, no lost-time acci dents being recorded. RA-TOX Shades keep out sun-glare and heat, An interesting period followed this but admit from to 40% more light and air than ordinary shades. They reduce room tem no-accident year. The members of perature front 10 to 20 degree#--ventilate with out drafts--allow for independent operation of the safety committee seemed to feel center^swing ventilators in steel sash. Made of attractively colored, permanently stained, or that they had accomplished their pur aluminum finished, wood strips woven parallel. They are practically wear-proof and will serve pose, that no further efforts were you for twenty years or more. Brackets and. fix needed to insure future success. This tures that perfectly adapt this shade to all types of snsh have been developed. lack of interest and enthusiasm spread Send measurements for complete Information and estimate. like an epidemic among the workers. HOUGH SHADE CORPORATION As a result of laxity three serious ac- (Industrial Division) eidents occurred in quick succession. There was no mystery as to the basic cause of these accidents. Immedi 132 N. LaSalle Street--Chicago, I1L RA-TOX ately a reorganization was effected, new life and spirit was injected and there was a determination never again to ; grow stale on the job. The resuit has OFFSET WOOD FABRIC SHADES.^-sa!h^ iiiiinmiuiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiimmimmmiimmmiHmmimmimiiiiitmiiiiiu ttOLGH SHADE CORPORATION' I I been 20 months without a lost-time ac eident, with all the attendant benefits. , including the lowest rate for compen sation insurance in the company's his- I NInadmuest.r..i.a...l....D.. i.v..i.s...i.o..n...,....................... A13d2drNe.ssL..a..S...a...l.l.e....S...t.r.e...e..t..,...C...h. icaCgitoy, Hi. SSetnadteco..m..p..le..te.. RIan-dtoixviddeutaali.ls..,at once. I I I i tory. ' I '1 ^feel Sush_________ Z Mood >unlt When writing advertisers, please mentian .VATIOSAL SAFETY A'Ell'S I III) XATfOXAL SAFETY XF.U'S | Safety Publicity Suggests S New Rat Exterminator PROTECT YOUR FEET RB, Rl'SHIXG of Augusta. Maine, had tried every known i remedy to rid his combination garage ' and barn of enormous rats. Traps they j avoided with the utmost dexterity, and i they seemed to thrive on poisons. The Principle of This Guard Is Correct When the hands are oc cupied on push buttons I ' Uue day Mr. Rushing read this line ! | in a Xational Safety Council bulletin: ! j "Carbon monoxide poisoning kills." j This gave him an idea. ' j He promptly stopped up all the holes ( in the building with the exception of one large hole. Into this he placed one end of a rubber hose. The other end he placed over the exhaust pipe of the family Ford. He dosed the windows, WITH WOODEN SOLES started the engine, and, carefully step ping outside, securely locked the door. After twenty minutes of this treat ment, not a rat was to he found; nor ' | HICK,wooden soles did any appear thereafter. 1 --dry, comfortable feet---protection from Cut Accident Costs; Win President's Trophy falling objects, acid and extreme heat can re sult in only one thing --increased produc tion. they can not lie under the descending ram. The Electro Punch Press Guard has still another feature -- it reduces fatigue. Operation by push buttons eliminates the tiring foot treadle process. Any employer who has punch press operators should be interested in this unusual guard. Mail the Coupon Safety Appliance Sc Machine Co. 904 Donovan Building Detroit, Michigan SAFETY APPLIANCE A MACHINE CO., 04 Donovan Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Gentlemen: Please send me copy of booklet: "Taking the Hazard Out of Punch Press Operations." Name ................................................ .,..................... ....... Reece Wooden Sole Safety Shoes are con structed for Industry. Used for forty years, they have proved their effectiveness for gen eral use in factories, refineries, foundries, steel mills, and any W. A.MaUI.AN S.Mf 'FV TkM'HY place where foot pro PKI.M Ml I' TO Wood-Mosaic Company tection is needed. ~ WON BY ................. ......... CORE PLANT The Reece New Spe cial Toe Guard, made of heavy aluminum, is BY REDL'CING its accident cost per $100 payroll from 11 cents in 1928 to less than U nulls in 1929, the Core Plant of the Wood-Mosaic Com lightweight but resis tive to falling objects. It may be attached to pany of Louisville, Kv., won the tro phy shown in the above illustration. The trophy was awarded by W. A. any Reece regular sixinch shoe. McLean, President of the company in a competition between the five plants. The accident costs included in the basis of award included medical at tention for minor injuries. An inquiry will receive prompt attention. The pattern for this trophy is the REECE WOODEN SOLE property of the Louisville Safety ) Council and may be borrowed for | SHOE CO., INC. transportation and packing charges, j Columbus, Nebraska II'/ten uriting advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETY XElVS March, 1^30 U'V Safety Poster Service "A TEMPLE OF SORROW " "The world famous Taj Mahal, one of the most beautiful buildings of nil time, was erected at Agra, India, by Shah Jchan, us o burial place for his favorite teife, Mitmata-i-Mahal. The er. Another one for instance, shows building was begun in 1029 and fin ished in 1030 at a cost of $9,000,000. It is the supreme achievement of Mohammedan art and will endure for Lincoln's carriage in the presence of a man who was run over by it when a boy. The present shrine of the Dec countless centuries, "With all its grandeur it is but a feeble effort to commemorate the worth of one human life. All the riches in the world cannot compen laration of Independence is also photo graphed and commented on; the sculp tured recreation of the first man is another one of the subjects. An x-ray sate for the loss of those zvho are near and dear. Isn't it worth white to be careful, for their sake, as well as your ownf photo of an Egyptian child who lived and died thousands of years ago is another one of the series. Also might be mentioned an interesting street scene in an interior city of India; also one of the five oldest boats in exist- THE foregoing is the subject mat euuce; also one of the oidest locomo ter appearing on one of* the 20 tives. These are but a few of the new Universal Interest posters whicphhotographed subjects. have just been printed by the National Safety Council and are now available to all members. The Universal Interest posters strike a distinctively new note in bul letin board display. Here is some thing altogether novel which will bring to your board that desired freshness The subject matter not only tells the story of the photo in dear concise lan guage but also impresses a practical safety thought. In a sense the posters are visualized safety editorials that will most certainly command thought as well as interest. The Universal Interest Series is and originality so necessary to effect just what you have been looking for ive safety portrayal. to stimulate interest in your bulletin The posters are for weekly distribu tion, the complete sets now available containing- 26 posters, enough for a half year's supply. The large photographs command boards. Do not confuse these posters with the regular series issued each month. They have been printed in the form of a special service for a spe- immediate attention because they are entirely different from the ordinary safety posters. They come in two colors with elaborate art borders and reading matter set out in large black type that can be easily and quickly read. The photos cover a wide variety of subject matter. Actual pictures of scenes in faraway parts of the world; also photos of historic interest; pic tures that dramatize the big moments of history; photos of interesting speci mens and curios of all kinds; world famous temples; out of the ordinary modern photographs--all these and many others go to complete this most unusual series. Among historic pictures will be A TEMPLE OF SORROW THE mriM -- ---ft4Mai-ftMaMiuxHiMi iMCimnimfnIaWMrMt*flMaRmrtwlfaOiraMtiflMMfatM.ritirittfmfataMltMtivMffaa*. found one about an artist who, al though suffering the loss of both 1M* fatr, fart ll *r fc * fa M lands, has succeeded in developing a brilliant career for himself as a paint national safcty council cial purpose and if you are interested it is suggested that you write for fur ther particulars. A Touch On the Elbow WE have the pleasure of present ing an unusually well written reminder of the part the safety bul letin hoard plavs in preventing acci dents. It was prepared by Mr. C. D. Dugas, Safety Department, Standard Oil Company of Louisiana, as an appeal for the better care of bulletin boards. "A Touch on the Elbow" is the fitting title .Mr. Dugas has given it and one cannot read it without feeling a pull at the heart-strings. "A touch on the elbow"---what does it mean to you ? Is it a friendly warn ing of danger? An admonition to be careful? Your safety bulletin board is some thing in the nature of the touch on the elbow. It is the reminder to all who may glance that way, that life is sweet and the end ot'ttimes but too soon. Many pass the safety bulletin board by without a conscious thought. But quite likely, impressed upon the sub conscious mind, is the feeling of the "touch on the elbow" and the reaction toward safe thinking is bound to be produced, whether the individual realizes it or not. The safety bulletin stands for the friendly warning, and as such should be regarded by all. The friend who can not be there in person, but who cautions the worker and the way farer. Will not you who look after the safety bulletin board undertake to see that the bulletins are changed before they become discolored by age and that when they are changed, the old ones are removed, instead of being care lessly covered bv the new ones? Look upon your safety bulletin board as a positive force for good. A help ing hand. Regard that sentinel as a lighthouse on the sea of life, sending forth a gleaming ray, like the arm of a friend extended, to give the warn- iner sign--the gentle "touch on the elbow." ` x.10-7 it iox.il safety xeiys POSTERS for APRIL Make your selection from these pages X THIS and succeeding jihgc' O are Hiuwn small Angie color reproductions of forty-one of posters during the year without desire and place their order, Using extra charge. This yearly allotment I our special form, which will be sent is based upon the number of em on request. posters prepared for distributipolnoyees. It provides for 300 poster j during the current mouth. All of units for each $25 of membership j Poster Catalogue these posters will be available to dues. A 9 by .12 poster counts as i In addition to 47 posters pub members during the ensuing 90 days one unit, and a large two-color lished each month, we have selected in any desired quantity. poster as four units. The following 733 posters issued in past years and Under the terms of membership each active industrial member X privileged to order a certain number table shows the complete schedule of dues with allotments of poster units: which have proved so popular that thev are carried in stock. Ask for our 1930 Poster Catalogue. AN Km >!<> ees to si to Tj ISO 1SI to (slli to uoo t.JOl to idOy ;.7>oi to 5,000 5.001 to s.ono r.UUO to io.:n(r or more .. Dues $ U.50 J5.no ... 50.00 T'kOG , soo.u) IJS.OU . 150,00 mm Kewt L i 3 4 6 ?. 10 Units ISO din tiuO <'>) 1,200 i.SOD i.sou ^ 2.400 3,000 1 evH7minutes 1 Extra posters will be supplied at cost, under either of these plans: Plan 1. The member authorizes | us to bill him for $5 for which we establish a credit of 300 poster units' to be ordered as needed. N A V I Q N A I. No. 272SB S Af tTY COUNCIL 17x23 in. 4 units Plan 2. The member authorizes us to bill him for each separate ship ment of excess posters at the follow ing prices: Small Large First 100 ............ _.............. $4.00 $6.00 Additional quantities, each.. .01 .04 We recommend that members re view the miniature illustrations each month, select the posters they Another Traffic Death No. 2770B No. 2771C 17x23 in. 25x38 in. 4 units 8 units MOMtNT O-F THOUCRTLtSSN-ESS MAY GT YOU INTO TROUBLE -FOR U KM FIRJE EXTINGUI prfl I | pf : 11 1 BflvKH' NATIONAL No. 2727B s A * e. TV COUNCIL 17x23 in. 4 unit. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2724B 17x23 in. (Three color.) 4 unit. C(|3hjVENIENT PLjffl NATIONAL. SArtTY COUNCIL No. 2726B 17x23 in. 4 unit* Electrotypes may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each March, 1930 103 NATIONAL No* 2740D SAFETY COUNCIL 12x18 in* 2 units NATIONAL No. 2729B SAFETY COUNCIL 17x23 in. 4 units No. 2730D 12x18 in. (Three colors) abound THE.WJDRLD 2 units NATIONAL SAFETY COUNC'L No. 2731 9x12 in. (Three colors) 1 unit NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2732 9x12 in. (Three colors) 1 unit SHORTY SEZ: THE BEST TIME TO ! PRACTICE SAFETY \ ON HILLS park with I wheels turned to curb NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2725B 17x23 in. 4 units IHCAlfAMORAL TO tWJ * NATIONAL No. 2736 SAFETY 9x12 in. COUNCIL ^ 1 unit E NATIONAL No. 2739 SAFETY COUNCIL 9x12 in. 1 unit No. 2733 9x12 in. Electrotypes may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each 1 unit 104 fAlTrtS SAI Clown $ ACTS NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS DID YOU EVES CUT JABBED, WITH ONE 0FTHESE g^r fELP LIMIT NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2737 9x12 in. 1 unit NATIONAL No. 2734 SAFETY COUNCIL 9x12 in. 1 unit HLItESV# HiOW TQ- miT ........ NATIONAL AFETY COUNCIL No. 2735 9x12 in. 1 unit ALWAYS KELP SHARP - - EYES TOR - ~ SHARP BLADES your fLO O M S' your TROUBLES NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2738 9x12 in. 1 unit IT PAYS TO WATCH WHAT YOU ARE DOING PROTECT YOUR HANDS WHEN HANDLING BRICK NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL i. 2743 9x12 in. 1 unit PONT GET CUT' NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2742 9x12 in. 1 unit you woiTdnt DRIVE AN AUTO fVITUAIIT AAKIftir. AND TO USE ONLY STEELS WITH GOOD GUARDS ON THEM national safety council ( i | No. 2744 9x12 in. 1 unit t THEN H/ H W ! TAKE A CHANCE WITH A TRUCK? NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL NATIONAL >. 2741 9x12 in. 1 unit No. 2762 SAFETY COUNCIL 9x12 in. 1 unit Electrotype* may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each March, 1930 NEVER HKBBH `i? . 10.*i [USE. TONGS ON ' k> i......................-- LOOKOUT FOR A CAVE IN NEVER. WORK WITH YOUR BACK TO THE PILE METER REPAIRMEN!! HANDLING ICC WITH HANDS OR FEET CAUSES CUTS SLIPS | ^ ^NDfTRAINS^ national "ITTi rV iroU'N c i r No. 2765 9x12 in, 1 unit life' Knows Is Dry Goods ! .. IV.-A filing makes IflONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2767 9x12 in. 1 unit FIRES LIKE THIS NATIONAL, 'lo. 2755 SAFETY COUNCIL 9x12 in. 1 unit No. 2756 9x12 in. ARE OFTEN THE RESULT OF CARELESSNESS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1 unit I No. 2757 9x12 in. 1 unit Electrotypet may he purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each 106 S'AT10XA L SAFETY XEll'S THE DANGEROUS WAY WHEN NATIONAL No. 2760 SAFETY COUNCIL 9x12 in. 1 unit UNLOADING eale barrel down end wile NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2759 9x12 in. 1 unit KEEP HANDS IN THE CLEAR NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2769 9x12 in. 1 unit GETTING UP IN THE WOftLD DOES NT MEAN'! YOU SHOULD FORGET THE FELLOW 6EL0W NATIONAL No. 2768 SAFETY COUNCIL 9x12 in. 1 unit N AT IONAL No. 2745 S AFETY COUNCIL 9x12 in. 1 unit HERES A SAFE WORKER AND PROTECT YOUR HANDS WHEN EXAMINING FRESHLY PQURED MOLD No. 2752 9x12 in. 1 unit No. 2753 9x12 in. HE STANDS BACKTO AYOIDAKlARCBACK NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1 unit No. 2754 9x12 in. 1 unit Electrotypes'may be purchased fromthe National Safety Council for $2jeach March, 1930 107 TO SHARPEN DRAW KNIFE NATIONAL No. 2758 SAFETY COUNCIL 9x12 in. 1 unit NATIONAL 'S AFETY COUNCIL No. 2749 9x12 in. 1 unit GOOD DRIVERS WATCH for the: fellows ON THE RIGHT.TOO NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL No. 2746 9x12 in. 1 unit NATIONAL No. 2766 SAFETY COUNCIL 9x12 in. 1 unit ON TO THEIR SAFE PILING National -safety counci*. No. 2748 9x12 in. 1 unit New Zealand Railways Aid in Safety Education A X announcement, published in a X A. recent number of the Railway Age, that the Pennsylvania Railroad had issued a new book of safety rules, brought some of) requests for copies. One of these inquiries came from R. E. Robertson, Xew Zealand Government Railways, Wellington. Xew Zealand. With his request, Mr. Robertson enclosed a copy of the fol lowing safety pledge which has been issued by the Xew Zealand Railways and signed by a large number of chil dren in the territory served. The pledge covers not only railroad -safety Imt also precautions to be observed on the streets and in the homes. Children---Remember: 1. The notices at railway crossings. Stop. Look out for the engine. 2. Before crossing railway lines, stop, look and listen. 3. Never get on or off trains that are moving. It is better to wait for the next train than to put your life in danger. 4. Never cross between the railway cars or wagons. It is dangerous. 5. Never throw glass bottles from rail way car windows. 6. Never lean out of the railway car win dows or from the car platforms. 7. Never tamper or interfere with any railway appliance. 8. Cross streets unlv at the proper cross ings. 9. Stop, Look and Listen when you are about to cross the streets. 10. Always cross streets in a straight line, and not at an angle. 11. It is dangerous to throw stones or other objects at other children. 12. It is dangerous to throw broken glass on the playground, on the grass or on the benches. 13. Have a place for everything and keep everything in its place. 14. It is dangerous to leave things on the ground for people to fall over. 15.. Be sure that there are poison labels on bottles containing poison. 16. Do not leave poison in the way of children, and keep poison away from medicine bottles. 17. Before drinking out of any bottle, smell the contents. 18. Before entering a bath, place your hand, or finger, for a moment in the water to ascertain the heat. 19. Keep kettles, pans and other utensils that contain boiling water, away from the edge of stoves or tables, as these are generally dangerous to children. 20. At railway stations and other places, always cross by the subways or over head bridges. 21. Never walk on the railway track.. Walk a safe distance from the lines. 22. Do not damage electric wire insulators l or electric wires. It is a dangerous practice. 23. Do not touch or go near live electric wires. It is death to touch these live wires. 24. When a live electric wire falls to the ground, keep away from it. 25. Petrol, benzine, kerosene and other in flammable liquids are dangerous. Keep lights away from them. 26. Before crossing railways or street crossings, stop, look and listen. Electrotypet may be purchased from the National Safety Council tor $2 each 11 kS NATIONAL SAFETY NEli'S FOR GASOLINE AND OTHER HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS Swabbing Can -- Reservo i r tank sup plies liquid a s 1 needed. A safe and ef f i cient means of _______ moistening swabs and sponges. In case of ignition fire automatically goes out when moisture on top of screen burns away. Safety Can -- Sturdy construc tion throughout. Heavy east spout. Shock rim base of hi steel protects lower seams. Leaks practical ' ly impossible. Double cylinL der screen in base of spout serves as flame baffle. Fire is prevented entering ean. Safety present whether cap is on or off. rf* Wash Can --W i r e basket r e s t s in liquid, holds small parts. Several up and down movements thoroughly cleans these parts. In case of ignition, close lid and fire goes out. r-t* Bench Can --Efficient and eco nomical for moistening swabs and cleanin g _ small parts. Pressure on screen causes liquid to percolate thru. In case of igni tion fire automatically goes out whtn moisture on top of screen burns sway. Mail Coupon Today for Catalog The Protectoseal Co., 226 N. Sheldon St. Chicago, 111. TH* FBOTXCTOSKAI. COMPANT, tM North Shtldoa SC., Chloase, HL PImm nd us your catalog "Safety Dvtete for Haaardoua Uoutds." Nemo .................................................................... Why Do Men Get Hurt? s Continued from page 13) El. Taking Chance*. When a man deliberately does something which he docs not need to do, which dwes not make hi* work any quicker t>r easier, and which he should know to be risky, though it may not be m violation of any specific safety rule, he is taking chances. E2. Short Cuts. This cover* cases where a man selects the quick and easy, but dangerous, way or doing something, instead of the slower, more laborious but sate way. Haste. When a man ts in such a hurry that his knowledge and judgment are subordinated to his haste, he is likely to do something which will cause an accident. FI. Employee Sluggish or Fatigued Mentally. As a result of worry, ill health, lack of sleep, dissipation, or similar causes, a man will sometimes do things which he would not do if in a norma! mental condition, in such cases, his attention is not being distracted, and he may be normally very attentive to his work, but he is, for the time being, in capable of paying proper attention to what he is doing, if an accident results from this condition, this cause will apply. It will also apply to accidents which might have been avoided by reasonably quick thinking in an emergency. Employee Excited or Angry. When men get panic-stricken, excited or angry, they some times lose control of their judgment and trouble results. This cause will apply in such cases, and also to injuries resulting from fights. Gl. Employee Physically Defective. This cause will apply to cases where men are injured as a result of undertaking to do work for which they are physically unfit as a result of some organic trouble. Instances of cases of this kind are the man. with a defective heart who undertakes to do heavy manual labor, or the man with defective eyesight who undertake* to do work in which keen vision is essential. Employee Fatigued Physically. Accidents occur in cases where a man is so weakened as a result of overwork, exposure to cold, etc., that he can not handle himself safely under conditions which would be perfectly safe if he were in his normally good phystcal condi tion. BULLARD-DAVIS, INC. 275 Eighth Street, San Francisco, U. S. A. 67 Wall Street, New York. GJ. Employee Weak Physically. A man some time* gets into trouble for the simple reason that he has not the muscular strength to move himself out of the path of danger, or sometimes because he is not strong enough to do the work which he undertakes. A number of sprains or back injuries may be traced to this cause. Danger Points Inadequately Guarded. A barrier or a red dag may be an adequate guard for an open hole in the day time, but not after dark. A gear guard may be safe from in front but not from the side. This cause will cover cases where the accident might have been prevented if the guard had been better designed, better placed, or m better condition. H2. Danger Points Not Guarded. This cause will apply in cases of accident due to the absence of such guards, including warning signs, as would be indicated by ordinary prudence and good judgment. This cause will cover accidents due to unguarded pro jecting set screw heads and similar con ditions. Material Improperly Piled, Loaded or Stored. Crates, boxes, barrels, reels, crossarms, poles, etc., must be so carefully piled that the piles can not fall over and injure a man, and so that they can be taken out of the pile con veniently and safely. Bulk materials must be stored in bins of proper strength and de sign, or so piled that dangerous slippages do not occur. When precaution* of this kind have not been taken, this cause will apply. CLAMPS WITH A CERTAINTY Hoisting a piece of boiler plate is haz ardous unless proper precautions are taken. The certainty with which Never Slip Safety Clamps grip a plate saves time in adjusting the hold, or creating a balance. Made in two types for horizontal or Untidy or Dirty Passages or Work Spaces. vertical lifting--either clamp may be used Aisles cluttered with rubbish over which a man might trip, doors greasy or otherwise slippery, ragged piles adjacent to a passage for work at an inclination with no possi bility of slipping. or work space containing materials that might scratch an.d Start an infection, ice on Awarded Gold Medal, Second American sidewalks or steps, planks from which nail points protrude, etc. 13. Clearances Insufficient for Safe Work. In Exposition of Safety and Sanitation, Aus pices American Museum of Safety, 1914. sufficient clearances between exposed circuits, or between walls and charged equipment or A Write for details moving machinery. Passages so narrow that Never Slip Safety Clamp Co.hand trucks, etc., can not oe moved through them without endangering the hands of the truckers. Insufficient spaces between waits, columns, etc., and tracks. 5.1 East 42nd St., New York Jl. Defective Materials. This cause will apply to accidents resulting from flaws or defects in materials which are being handled or in stalled, such as, for instance, the breakage of a stone sill or lintel or of a cast iron pipe, when being properly hoisted or lowered into place. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, I9JIJ 109 Two Hands, Ten Fingers --And All There! The D & M Automatic Press Guard is a lasting promise to the power press operator that he may keep his hands and fingers intact---even in spite of a rush of work and the temptation to relax his vigilance. The arm of the D & M Automatic Press Guard sweeps the operator's hand out of danger as the ram descends; the shield prevents his reaching back of the guard before the danger is entirely over. Simplicity makes D & M Automatic Press Guards completely efficient on any make, style and sire of power press. < Try one for 30 days at our expense*! State manufacturer's name, and size and stroke of press, and whether left to right or right to left hand swing is preferred. Order through your machinery supply house or from us direct. Taylor-Shantz Company 4U St. Paul St. Roakafttr, N. Y. Eliminate this accident hazard It's the grease and oil on shop floors that makes walking unsafe. A properly cleaned floor is never slippery, never an accident hazard. That's why Oakite cleaning is a definite safety measure. This re markable material quickly re moves all grease, oil, and dirt, then completely rinses away, leaving cement, wood, or compo sition floors, clean and film-free. Write for interesting booklet on safe, economical cleaning in your industry. Oakite Sendee Men, cleaning specialists, are located m leading iKdicrtriaZ centers of V, S. and Canada Manufactured only by OAKITE PRODUCTS, INC. 14D Thames Street, New York, N. Y. J2. Defective Tools, Scaffolding or Tackle. In cluding eye injuries and other wounds result ing from the use of mushroomed chisels, in juries due to splintered tool handles, improp erly destgned, rotted, or damaged ladders, worn or rotted ropes, and any oi the numer ous other defects in tools or working equip ment which may cause accidents if constant care is not used to insure that they are in safe working condition. jJ. Defective Machine*. When an accident is traceable to the defective condition of a ma chine, or any accessory used therewith, this cause will apply, ft will not cover accidents due to absence or had condition of safety guards (See HI or H2), but will include boiler and flywheel explosions: `'Machines" will include automobiles, busses, auto trucks and street cars, El, Defective Insulation. This cause will be assigned to cases where prescribed insulation had been allowed to become worn or other wise to get weak or in bad condition, but not to cases where no insulation was speci fied, or where specified insulation was too light for the regular load, (K3.) K2. Unsafe Condition of Building. This cause will apply only in eases where an accident is due to the bad condition of a finished structure or part thereof, including gas holders. It will include cases of collapse, or falls of cornices, chimneys, etc., when such can be traceable to some defect in the construction or main tenance of the building, elevator falls, and the falls or other injuries resulting from de fective or missing handrails, and toeboards, or from the bad physical condition of floors, stairs, steam lines, etc. K3. Unsafe Condition of Lines. Accidents due to the unsafe condition of power lines, gas lines or tracks, depending on the business handled by the reporting company. In the case of power lines, accidents due to missing or in sufficient insulation will come under this heading, and also accidents resulting from failure to provide necessary circuit breakers, etc., and to keep them in good condition. In the case of railroad tracks, defects in switches, signals, crossings, etc., will be included, as well as defects in the track itself. Ll. Improper Ventilation. A number of acci dents may be due to improper ventilation in various parts of our plant, such as manholes, ash pits. etc., where a regular gas hazard is known to exist. This cause will apply in these cases, but not in cases where suffocat ing gases get into rooms or other places, when such rooms are not regularly exposed to gas entry. 4 It will not apply to carbon monoxide cases In small garages, where there are no regular garage attendants. L2. Improper Lighting. Accidents due to lack of light in staircase*, passages, etc., or to blinding, glaring lights, or to lights so placed with reference to charged equipment or mov ing machinery, that they can not be main tained or operated without danger. L3. Inadequate Supports, Guys, Braces, etc. The presence of supports, guys or braces gives an impression of security. When they are not strong enough for the loads they have to carry, or have become weakned through exposure, wear, or otherwise, and accidents result, it is very important that this condition should be recognized by assigning this cause. Ml. Method ol Doing Work Improperly Planned. If a crew of men are s distributed that some of them can not work without creating a dangerous condition for others, or if the sequence of operation is so laid out that a dangerous condition results, any accidente resulting therefrom will be covered under this cause. M2. Unsafe Layout of Plant, This cause will apply in the case of any accidents due to the unsafe layout of any part of a plant line nr mine, or its equipment, excepting condittons already provided for under Causes 13, Ll or L2. Nl. Proper Personal Safety Equipment Not Available. Personal safety eouipment is the portable eouipment with which a workman is supposed to be provided for his protection against the hazards incidental to the work he is doing, such as safety belts, rubber gloves, rubber blankets, goggles, gas masks, hardboiled hats. etc. If a man is injured by reason of the lack of anv of this eouipment, this cause will^ apply. If the equipment is available, but is not beinv used, the cause assigned to the accident will be more in the nature of A2, Cl or whatever may fit the ease. N2. Defective Personal Safety Eouipment. When personal safety equipment is available and betng used, hut is so worn or otherwise dam aged that it fails to prevent an accident which would have been avoided bv the use of equioment in good condition, this cause will apply Frequent and careful tests and insoeetion of such equipment will prevent accidents from this cause. N3. Clothing Loose or Otherwise Dangerous. Loose clothing is dangerous for workers who have to s come close to moving machinery. Shoes with nailed soles represent a serious SPECIFY WHEELER `MORE SAFETY PER DOLLAR" APRONS ARM PROTECTORS BLANKETS COATS GLOVES HAND PADS HELMETS JUMPERS KNEE PADS LEGGINGS LEG-SAFES MITTENS OVERSHOES PANTS SLEEVES SPATS MADE OF ASBESTOSLEATHER OR FIREPROOFED MATERIAL Js&l WHEELED F. H. Wheeler Mfg.Co. 224-230 WEST HURON ST. CHICAGO -- ILLINOIS When writing advertisers, /'lease mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 110 PRoTEX --VAPRoTEX SAFEWAY electric hazard at times. Wet clothing may act as a conductor where dry clothing would insulate, Zl. No Person and No Reasonable Safeguard or Precaution Could Have Prevented This Acci dent. This is the easiest and most comfort ing explanation, but it is worthless in helping ' to prevent future accidents. It <hould never he used until a careful, conscientious effort has been made to identify the real cause of the accident, as a guide for steps to be taken to prevent any more accidents of the same t>pe. Then, u you are honestly convinced that nothing which might have been done by the injured workman, his fellow workman, or the company, could have prevented the acci dent, and that simitar accidents will always have to happen under similar conditions, this explanation may be used. NATIONAL SAFETY XEll'S Coming Events SAFEWAY Associationsfeaturing safety in their programs are invited to send dates of meetings THREE safety items which you should not March 13, Chicago, 111. a overlook. How many men in ! Eighth Annual Midwest Safety Confer- your shops have been burned or more dangerously injured thru electricity when using j ence. George G. Traver, manager, Chicago | Safety Council, 330 South Wells Street, ( Chicago. extension lamps? Why not eliminate this hazard on your March 24-25 Kansas City, Mo. Fourth Annual Central States Safety Congress. F. C, Lynch, manager, Kansas properties by installing these City Safety Council, American Bank Bldg., "SAFETY FIRST" units. Kansas City, Mo. PROTEX rubber handles not only protect the work man but they also act as a shock-absorber for the fila ment of the lamp bulb. VAPROTEX vapor-proof lamps will also serve your purpose economically and safely. This unit also has a rubber handle to protect the workman against electric cur rent. It can be dropped and thrown around without creat ing the hazards caused by arcs or lamp breakage, AND it is vapor-proof, dust-proof, and water-proof. SAFEWAY rubber covered plugs are safe and un breakable. A plug half-apart presents a real hazard. SAFE WAY plugs will reduce your maintenance costs and elimi nate all hazards. Send the coupon for details Daniel Woodhead Company IS North Jefferson St. Chicago, Illinois DANIEL WOODHEAD CO., 15 North Jefferson St., Chicago, III. Please send us complete details of your "SAFETY FIRST" units. March 27 Birmingham, Ala. Fourth Annual Southern States Safety Conference. Perkins .1. Prewitt, director, Birmingham Safety Council, Protective Life Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. April 15, Newark, N. J. Sixth Annual Eastern Safety Conference. Fred M. Rosseland, manager, Newark Safety Council, 141 Halsev Street, Newark, >., J.' , ' April 25, Chicago, III. Employees' Publication Section, National Safety Council, Regional Conference, C. E. Kane, Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago. April 25, Dallas, Tex. Southwestern States Safety Conference, C. J. Crampton, executive secretary, Chamber of Commerce, Dallas, Tex. April 30-May 1, Boston, Mass. Massachusetts Safety Conference, Secre tary, Lewis E. MacBravne, Massachusetts Safety Council, 6 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. May 8, Madison, Wis. Rock River Valley Safety Conference. A. E. Gillett, secretary, Association of Com merce, Madison, Wis. May 7, Louisville, Ky. Second Annual Ohio River Valley Safety Conference. F. W. Rodenheber, manager, Louisville Safety Council, 425 W. Market St., Louisville, Ky. June 4, Green Bay, Wis. Fox River Valley Safety Conference. C. R. Phenicie, president, Fox River Val ley and Lake Shore Safety Council, Green Bay Wis. May 14-16, San Francisco, Calif. Seventh Annual Pacific Coast Safety Conference. Position .... ................................. ............................ _ Company ..................... ............................. ......... Address ............................. ...... ................ ..................... May 27, Erie, Pa. Northwestern Pennsylvanian Safety Con ference. S. M. Lippincott, secretary, Erie Safety Council, Commerce Bldg., Erie, Pa. A SHOE THAT PROTECTS-- COMFORTABLY COOT protection A is essential, but unless your work men are comfort ably protected, their output is noticeably lessened. Schiff Safety Shoes serve a dual purpose... they protect... they are com fortable. A Non-Metallic"Protex" toe, quality Kip leather with solid leather counters and in soles, make Schiff Safety Shoes safe, sturdy, at tractive. A complete line of work men's shoes, equipped with the unusual "Protex" safety toe, is at your disposal. Shipment made within twenty-four hours Leon Schiff & Company 108 West Lake Street Chicago, 111. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS March, 1930 111 With the Manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published LINCOLN SAFETY PUSH BUTTON A new safety type push button recently developed by the Lincoln Research Labo ratories is now being marketed by the Lincoln Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio, manufacturers of "Line-Weld" mo tors and "Stable-Arc" welders. The design of this new safety push but ton, which may be seen in the illustration, is a departure from the usual type of push button switch design in that it offers un usual safety features. A ball top "start" button is contained inside a large "stop" button, which projects over the "start" KANT SLIP PLIER A new safety plier has been introduced to the industrial safety market by the Kant Slip Plier and Tool Company, 6036 Wentworth Avenue, Chicago. The sliding fulcrum, which is one of the features of the Kant Slip plier, is said to be an en tirely new principle in its operation. provement. These capacitors are built tor either indoor or outdoor use. The outdoor type is enclosed in a sheet metal housing. The E-M capacitor consists of an as sembly of capacitor cells mounted on a rugged steel stand. Each cell is a com plete capacitor unit, and by connecting two or more cells in parallel, any desired kilo-volts may be obtained. A feature of the E-M cell type capacitor is the cylindrical roll, which is the "work ing element" in the capacitor cell. The cylindrical form of construction prevents undue mechanical stress on the tissue. button. In this manner the "stop" button protects the "start" button from accidental contact. The latter can only be operated by the tip of a thumb or finger inserted inside the "stop" button, which can be operated by a finger or palm of the hand. Colors of the push buttons are in accord with the accepted standard signal colors for controlling railroad, vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The start button is made of green bakelite with the word "start" in white letters across the ball top face of the button. The surrounding "stop" button is of red bakelite. * RUBBER TRAFFIC SIGNAL The Standard Traffic Marker Company, of Wichita, Kan., and Cleveland, an nounce its 1930 Perfected Rubber Traffic Signal. Thick, inlaid letters, a reinforced center, wedge-shaped base, and a brass anchor plate for ease in refilling are pointed out as the features of the new traffic marker. This type of marker is placed in the center of a street for through street warn ing, stop warning, or for any other signal purpose. The sliding action of both the cam and fulcrum combine to wedge the operation between the jaws, producing a "can't slip grip." The structure of the jaws, as shown in the illustration, is such that objects are held firmly. Elimination of any pin strain is a feature stressed bv the manufacturers. *** HAGER NOISELESS CHECK VALVE The Williams Gauge Company, 1620 Pennsylvania Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, has developed the Hager Noiseless Check Valve, which is designed to eliminate noise in power plant equipment. The Hager Noiseless Check Valve, which consists of five parts--body, disc guide, disc, spring and seat--is simple in construction and, uses advanced principles in check valve design. The simple cylin drical design of body gives the utmost in strength and permits a streamline flow of liquids through the line, reducing fric tional loss and wear. When installed in service it is bolted between two heavy flanges, which permits easy removal for inspection. When used in conjunction with a centrifugal pump the check valve acts as a safety valve for the pumping unit, les sening the possibility of broken fittings or castings. The valves are manufactured in all sizes, and are suitable for water, steam, oil and chemicals. *** "HALCO"LEATHER LEGGINGS "Halco" Leather Leggings, manufac tured by the Hagerstown Shoe & Legging Co., Hagerstown, Md., have now been placed on the industrial market. Manu facturers of the "Halco" Leggings recom mend them especially for workers in mines and quarries, and other outside, rough work. The possibility of such injuries as bruises, contusions, cuts, fractures, etc., is lessened by the use of the leather legging. It is also a good utility garment for gen eral use. The general appearance, comfort and lightness are attractive features of the "Halco" legging. ' *** IMPROVED CELL TYPE CAPACITORS The Electric Machinery Manufacturing Company, Minneapolis, Minn., has re cently announced a new line of cell type capacitors for use in power factor im The individual capacitor rolls are mounted on a supporting rack and sealed under oil in the cell. The cell containers are sub stantially built of 18-gauge sheet steel, and'* have welded oil tight joints. Sands for holding the cells are of welded sheet steel construction. *** . News Items Bullard-Davis, Inc., 67 Wall Street, New York City, manufacturers of first aid and safety equipment, have added the spur protector to their line of linemen's safety equipment. The spur protector is a piece of safety equipment designed to protect the worker should climbers be thrown or dropped and he is in their path. It also protects the point of the spur from becom ing dulled should it be dropped, or some thing thrown on it. * * * The Murray Safety Sling Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, has issued a new catalog on its complete line of safety slings. Copies of the catalog will be mailed on request. *** Statements Published on this Page are based^f% on the claims ef the manufacturer. While the 11 Notional Safety Neves cannot guarantee these I f statements, they are belisvei to be accurate. H ! 1 \ X.4T40X.4L SJFETV XEll'S INDICATES "LIVE" CIRCUIT WITH SAFETY SAFE. tAe the Statiscope to determine the actual condition of the electrical cir cuit. When placed with the brass cap near a live conductor, a glow will appear in the little window directly over the tube. Before leaving the factory, each Stati scope is carefully tested for Positive Op eration. It is therefore recommended that a periodical test be made by the user on a known live conductor, as rough usage may affect the instrument. The Statiscope is designed to give indi cation of Alternating Current potentials of 2300 volts and up. Every industry needs it for the protection of its electrical work ers. The instrument is so handy lit can be carried in the breast-pocket) that no electrician can afford to be without it. Send in the attached coupon for complete details. MINERALLAC ELECTRIC CO. 25 N. Peoria Street, Chicago, 111. MINERALLAC ELECTRIC CO.. 25 N. Pewit St.. Chit***, III. Me*e vwd u* yout circular on the HlnetiUao Stallscope. Name .............. ,........ . Company .............. ............................................................. .A..d.d.re.s.s................................................................................................ t i it it fi 0 0 0 0 Wider Duties for the City Fireman I Continued from pooc ) and artificial gas, that the service to he rendered by a modern tire depart ment is becoming more and more dangerous without adequate protective devices. The Cleveland Clinic fire dis aster demonstrated that firemen now have much more than ordinary fire and smoke to contend with. Time sel dom permits them to determine what kind of poisonous gas they may en counter when they arrive at a fire. We know, too, that all smoke contains carbon monoxide, the denser the smoke the higher the deadly percent age. Although the day of the "smoke eater'' is passed, we expect firemen to exhibit a high quality of courage when necessary, and it is only common sense to provide them with and expect them to make use of adequate protec tion in meeting danger. The fire loss in Cincinnati is low, but it is not as low as it is possible to make it, and of course that is our aim. The actual loss by fire usually is much tess than the water damage incurred in extinguishing the blaze, (das masks can be used very effectively in cutting down water damage, because with them dense smoke can be penetrated with safety, the seat of the fire be determined, and water streams used with maximum efficiency and mini mum waste. With the fire department equipped with gas masks it is also readily seen that it can render invaluable service as an auxiliary to the police depart ment if called upon to assist in tear gas or smoke screen riots. This is ex actly what it is now expected to do in proper emergencies, for City Mana ger C. O. Sherrill has endowed all members of the fire department with police powers. Each fire station and all officers have been equipped with arms and ammunition. Since this special power was given to them, early in 1929, fire department mem bers have made hundreds of arrests, ranging from minor traffic violations to arson and even murder. Bus Officials Adopt Code Bull Dog Safety Shoes Made on a special high last, giving 1% inch clear ance under the safety box toe, are really comfortable. No trouble from the box toe rubbing the wearer's foot. For real comfort, com bined with high quality and long wear, they have no equal. If you are having any trouble with Safety Shoes --try Bull Dogs. Prices and descriptive folder upon request. J. D. MacLAURY Distributor 3030 Euclid Avenue CLEVELAND, OHIO The O'Kelly Safety Hook Locks Automatically Forms a Link When Closed Cannot Straighten Out Quick to Operate Thousands In Use of Operating Conduct Recommended by C THE LOAD CANT SUPLEAN, comfortable and well ven tilated buses, trained operators who are familiar with traffic regula Leading Casualty Companies tions and imbued with the importance of safety, safe equipment, properly maintained schedules and connections made for the convenience of passen gers are the primary objectives of the code of operating conduct recently Capacities and General Dimension! (Mpeoity Lath. *roas In. a*i3 S ISi%lla 3 S133 33 Width In.jAI34n*%. ?* ra Hook Link Opening Opening Welffct In. In. Pounds i$ll i?l \S !* S It 4 65 adopted by the National Association of Motor Bus Operators, affiliated with GREGORY O'KELLY 38 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, UL the American Automobile Association. When writing advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETY XEIVS Xfarch, 19S0 Il-J DIAMOND DISC Index to Advertisers Abbott Laboratories & Acme Steel Co 76 American Abrasive Metals Co 7 American Allsafe Co., Inc 87 American-LaFranee St Foamite Corp 37 American Mason Safety Tread Co 3 American Metal Products Co . 94 American Optical Co ...................................,......... 116 American Pressed Steel Co............. ..... ... 90 American Telephone St Telegraph Co.............. 49 (Pat. Jan. 21, 1919) The Useful Respirator A sponge in pocket arrange ment makes the Diamond Disc Respirator useful when encountering dust fumes and light gases. Workmen like the Diamond Disc Respirator because it is easily carried in the pocket, small, compact and com fortable. Manufactured by The Hygeia Respirator Co. 308 East 94th St. New York City Sold by Safety Supply Houses Bauer St Black...............................41-42-43-44 Bernhard, Robert A........,....,...,,,,,........ ... .... . 78 ouuara*L#avis, inc................................ ....... 4-3-js-ius | Burroughs-Wellcome St Co. fU. S. A.), Inc ... 39 }P Carter-Lockard Co............... ....................................... 69 Central Iron St Steel Co.......................................... 68 Chicago Eye Shield Co.......................... ............... 64-92 Chippewa Shoe Mfg. Co...... ................................... 85 Collins, Thos. E. St Co.............................................. 91 Dayton Safety Ladder Co....................................... 77 Diener Co., Geo. W............ ....................................... 88 Des Moines Foundry St Machine Co.................. 78 Duff Hall Goggle Service.......................................... 71 DuPaul-Centrai Optical Co......................... ........... 79 Durable Mat Co....... ................. ............................. . 95 | Ellwood Safety Appliance Co............................ 98 Endicott-Johnson Corp. .......................................... 89 Erdle Perforating Co............. ................ ................ 93 Eyesight Survey Corp............... 80 FinneU Systems, Inc.................................... Fyr-Fyter Company ........................ 73 73 Hagerstown Shoe St Legging Co...,..................... 74 Harrington St King Perforating Co.................. 71 Helios Manufacturing Corp................................... 99 Holcomb Safety Garment Co................................. 87 Hough Shade Corp,..................................................... 99 Hygeia Respirator Co,........................ .113 Hynson, Westcott St Dunning.............................. 91 Industrial Products Company............................. , 39 International Shoe Co....,............. 65 Johnson Sc Johnson........................... .............. 68 Justrite Mfg. Co...... ............................................... . 92 Kester Solder Co................... ........................... 99 Kldde Sc Co.. Walter....................... ......... ................ 53 Klein St Son, Mathias............................................... 70 Don t Invite Death I The electric chair penalty is no worse than taking chances by pulling fuses with bare hands. Play Safe by Always Using Fuse Pullers Genuine shock-proof horn fibre--4 sizes. Ask your jobber or write TRICO FUSE MFG. CO. IW5 McKinley Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. Lima Cord Sole and Heel Co.................. 83 Lineman Protector Co............................................... 93 LESSEN YOUR MacLaury, J. D. ..........................................................112 Maxim Silencer Co., The........................................... 81 Mine Safety Appliance Co................................... 33-47 Minerallac Electric Co........................ 112 Multiple Selling Corp.,,.,......................................... 63 Murray Safety Sling Co........................................... 98 McDonald Engineering Corp................................... 36 McGraw-Hill Book Co., inc.................................... 96 Never SUd Safety Clamp Co................................ 108 New York Silicate Book Slate Co...................... 96 Nissly, Walter S.................. 79 Oakite Products, Inc................................................. 109 O'Kelly, Gregory ........................................................ 112 Pangborn Corn....................................................... 94 Patent Scaffolding Co...................... 67 Protectoseal Co. .................................................... 82-108 Pulmosan SafetyEauip. Co........... .......................... 3 Pyrene Manufacturing Co..................................... - 67 Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co...... ..................... ...... 100 Royal Metal Mfg. Co.................................................. 90 Rundle-Spence Mfg. Co............... .......................... 98 ACCIDENT WORRIES The Wiesman Safety Guard for Punch Press Operators--now equipped with a second growth hickory guard arm-will speed-up your production with safety. Both hands of the operator are protected . . . the guard sweeps the entire length of the Bolster Plate on half the downward stroke of the punch. And returns beyond the center on half the upward stroke. Write for our 30-day free trial offer. Prove it to yourseif. Wiesman Manufacturing Co. 1 South St Clair St, Dayton, Ohio Safety Appliance A Machine Co............ ............... 100 Safety Eouipment Service Co...............Back Cover Safety First Supply Co........ .. . Inside Back Cover Safety Fumigant & Chemical Co.......................... 95 Safety Wrench & Appliance Co...... ................... 84 Sellstrora Mfg. Co...................................................... Schiff St Co,, Leon....................................................... HO Sharp A Smith,............................................................ 61 Sholes, Inc. ............. ......... .. ....................................... 63 Society for Visual Education................................. 3 Standard Safety Eouip. Co,.inside Front Cover-55 Stonehouse Signs. Inc.............................................. 85 Sulpho-Napthol Co. ........... ................................ ... 77 , Taylor Chain Co., S. G............................................... 75 ' Taylor, Halsey W., Co....... ............................. 68 Taylor-Shantx Co. ................... ........................ .... 109 I Travelers Insurance Co............... ...........................- 61 Trico Fuse Mfg. Co.............................. -...................113 1 | Union Carbide Sales Co,...,....................................... 59 < 1 Wall Mfg. Supply Co., P.......... West Disinfecting Co............. . .... 66 ....... 51 j Wheeler Mfr. Co, F. H,....... I Wiesman Mfg. Co .......... .97-109 ...... 113 Williams Jewelry St Mfg. Co. i WlUiamsoort Wire Rope Co... Willson Products, Inc ........... ...... 57 .... 1 j Winship, Chas. A. St Co......... Woodhead, Daniel, Co............... ...... 113 .....no Wrifbt-Austin Co........... ...... 72 THE SPIRIT OF FRIENDLY RIVALRY Employees in your plant, instilled with the spirit of friendly rivalry, arc bound to work, more safely and efficiently if it safety contest plan is introduced. Individual Safety Awards, or an award for the winning unit, depart ment, ur team are an incentive for safer practices. Your employees are human--and it's human nature to want to he a winner. We manufacture a complete line of buttons, badges and trophies. An inquiry will bring you complete details. CHAS. A. WINSHIP & CO. Room 713S 159 No. State St.. Chicago. 111. IVhen writing advertisers, pieasc mention .VATIO.VAL SAFETY NEWS it 4 NATIONAL SAFETY NEiVS m Buyers' Service AC Accident Prevention Service National Safety Council. Cable Locks Surty Mfg* p* Abrasives Paogbcm Corporation, Carboy Trucks dilutes, !ne. Air Conditioning Equipment Pin*bom Corporation. Anemometers Mias Safety Appliance* Co. Aprons American AUiafo Co. Bullard-Davis, Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Induitrlal Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Puimostn Safety Equipment Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Serriee Ca Safety Ftrit Supply Co. SVheeler Mfg. Co.. T. EL Arm Protectors BuIIard-Davii, Ine. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mint Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Pint Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. P. H. B Badges and Buttons Mine Safety Apoilance* Ca Williami Jawelry A Mfg. Co. Winihip Co.. Chu. A. Barrels, Shop Dtener Co.. Geo. W. I>ei Moines Foundry A Machine Co. Car Blockers Induitrlal Products Co. Safety First Supply Co, Car Movers Industrial Products Co. Safety Wrench A AppiUnoe Co. Car Step Treads--Safety American Abmlre Metals Co, American Mason Safety Tread Co, Carbon Monoxide Detectors Mine Safety Appliances Co. Chain--Factory Taylor Chain Co., a. G. Chairs--Industrial Angle Steel Stool Co. Royal Metal Mfg. Ca Chairs--Safety Boatiwain Murray Safety Sling Co., Inc, Chip and Spark Guards Chicago Ere Shield Ca Industrial Product* Co. Surty Mfg. Ca Clamps and Sockets Nerer Slip Safety Clamp Co. Cleaners, Industrial Vacuum Invincible Vacuum Cleaner Mfg. Co. Barrel Drain Stand De Molne* Foundry A Machine Ca Belt Shifters and Handlers Surty Hfg. Co. Belts--Linemen's American Alliafe Co., Inc Bullard-Darlj, Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Klein. Mathla* A Son. Safety Pint Supply Co. Belts--Safety American Alliafe Co, Bullard-Darl*. Inc. Induitrlal Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Flrat 8upply Co. Blackboards .Newr York Silicate Book s|*te Co , Blanksts--Fireproof Bullard-Darl*, Inc. Holcomb Sifety Garment Co. Induitrlal Products Co. Min* Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Serriee Co. Safety First Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. P. H. Blow Torches Wail U|g. Supply Co.. P. Blowers--Exhausters Pangbora Corp. Boiler Gauge Guard Wrtght-Auitln Company. Box Strapping--Metal Stanley Works. The. Buckets, Hoisting Bullard-Davis, Ine. Industrial Products Co. Bulletin Boards American Alliafe Co. Bullard-Darit, Ine. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. N'%w York Sllicite Book Slate Co. Induitrlal Products Co. Safety Equipment Serriee Co, Safety Pint Supply Ce. Bulletin Service CleanUaeia Institute. Cleaning Compounds Gaklte Products. Ine. Clothing for Industrial Work ers--See Aprons, Caps, Gloves, Hand Leathers, Leggings, Overalls, Shoes Clothing, Weatherproof Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliancei Co. D Disinfectants and Deodorants Abbott Laboratories. Suiphe-Napthol Co. West Disinfecting Co. Drinking Fountains Halsey W. Taylor Ce. Bundle-fipenoe Mfg. Ca Dust Collecting Systems Pingboro Corn. C Elevator--Safety Devices Surty Mfg. Ce. Emblems Mine Safety Appliances Co. William* Jewelry Mfg. Co. Wlnship Co.. Chat, A, Exhaust Equipment Pangbom Corp. Eye Shades--Non-Breakable Chicago Eye Shield Ce. Bullard-Darls. Ine. Mine Safety AppUanoee Co. Eyesight Survsys Eyesight Bumy Corp. Klndy Optical Ca Expanded Metal Erdle Perforating Co, Harrington A tnng Perforating Co. Explosive Containers Diener Ca. (Ho. W. industrial Products Ca Juitrlte Mfg. Ca Protecto*al Ca Min* Safety Appliance* Ca F Films or Slides For Rent and Sale National Sifety Council. Finger Protectors Bauer A BUrk Bullard-Darls. Inc, Chicago Eft Shield Ce. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Fire Alarms BulUrd-Dari*. Inc. lakeside Mfg, Co, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Firs Extinguishers AmCeormican LaFranc* A Foam11* Dlener Co,, Geo. W. Kyr-Pyter Company. Walter Kidd# A Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Ce Pyrena Mfg. Co. Fireproofed Clothing American AUsafe Co., Ine, Bullard-Darls, Ine. Holcomb Safely Garment Ce. Mine Safety AppUanoee Ce. Safety Clothing Co. Sifety First Suroiy Ce. Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. H. First Aid Equipment Abbott laboratories, Bauer A Black Rob't A. Bernhard. Bullard-Darts, Ine. Burrough * Wellcome A Co., u:,S,A,), Ine. Hynson Wwtcoti and Dunning, Industrial Products Co. Johnson A Johnson Mine Safety Appliances Ce. Sharp A Smith. Safety Flrst*Supply Ce. Mineralise Laboratories, Flags--Danger Industill Product* Co. Flsmmablo Vapor Indicators Bullard-Darls, Ine. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Flooring Materials--Safety Acme Steel Go. American Abrasive Metals Co, American Mason Safety Tread Ce. American Pressed Steel Co. Central Iron A 8t*el Ce. Durable Mat Co., Ine. Surty Ufig. Oo.. Ine. Ftywheel Guards Erdle Perforating Ce. Harrtngtoa A Sing Perforating Co. Surty Mfg, Ce. Foot Guards Bullard-Darls. Ine. Bltwood Safety Appliance* Ce. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Standard Safety equipment Co. Foot Press Guards Surty Mfg. Co. Fumigants Bauer A Black Safety Fumigsnt A Chemical Ce. Fuss Pullers Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safely Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Serrloe Co. Trtco Fuse Mfg. Co. Q Gas Detectors--Mine Bullard-Darls, lac. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Union Carbide Cs. Gauge Glsmses Wright Austin Ce. Gauge Glasses--Guards Wright Austin Ce. Germicides Abbott Lsborttori**, Germicide--Cutting Oil Abbott laboratories. Buipbol-Napthol Co. West Disinfecting Ce. Glass, Noa-Shatterable Chicago Efr* Shield Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Hospital Equipment Bullard-Darls, Inc, Burrough - Wellcome A (0.S.A.), Ine. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. 8efty First Supply Co. Ce I Glass--Safety Safety Pint Supply Co. Glass, Wire Gloves and Mittens American Allsafe Co. Bullard-Darls, Ine. Chicago Eye Shield Ce. Holcomb Safety Garment,0*. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Ce. Safety Clothing Co, Safriy First Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F. H. Goggles American Allsafe Co. American Optical Ca, Bullard-Darts, Ine. Carter-Lockard Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Duff-Sail Goggie Service Du Paul-Central Optical Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. B*fety Equipment Service Co. Safety First 8uppiy Co, .Srilstrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Product*, Inc. Gongs, Sirens, Horns and other signaling devices BuUtrd-Daiis, Inc, Min* Safety Appliances Ce. Guards--Safety SSrdl# Pe*'mating Ce. Harrlngtoo A King Perforating Ce. Industrial Products Co. Surty Mfg. Co. H Hand Cream Mine Safety Appliance* Ce. Inhsdators Bullard-Darls, Inc. McDonald EngineeringEquipment Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Ca Insurance Travelers insurance i J Jointer Guards Surty Mfg. Co. .L Ladders and Accessories-- Safety Builard-Davli, Inc. Dayton Safety ladder Co. Patent Scaffolding Co. Safety First Supply Co. Lamp Guards American Alliafe Co. Daniel Woodhesd Co. Lamp Hangers Thomp*on Electric Co. Lamp Locks Mine Safety Appliances Co. Multiple Selling Corp. Lamps--Safety Bullard-Darli, Inc. Kin# Safety Appliance* CM. , Lanterns--Electric Bullard-Darls, Ine. Industrial Products Co. Mins Safety Appliances Oa Lanterns -- Mane Electric Safety Bullard-Davis, las. Mins Safety Appliances Ca Safety First Supply Oa Hand Leathers American Allsafe Ce. Holoocsb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety First Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. H. Hats--Safety Bullard-Darls, Isa. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Helmets American Alliafe Co. American Olptioal Co. Bullard-Darls, Inc. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmoaa Safety Equipment Co. Safety Clothing Oo, Safety First Supply Co. SeUitrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F. H. Hooks--Chain Sling Taylor Chain Co.. S. G. Hooks, Linemen's Belt Bullard-Darls, Inc, Hodcs--Safety Hoisting Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. O'Krily Co.. Gregory Leggings Amertoan Alltaft Ca Bullard-Darls, lac. Hagerstown Shoe A Legging Co. Holcomb Safety Garment Ca Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Ce. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Supply Ca Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F. H. Linemen's Protectors American AlUafe Co.. Inc. Bullard-Darls, Inc. Industrial Product* Ca Linemen Protector Ca Mine Sifety Appliance* Co. Safety First Supply Ca Linemen's Tool Bags BoUtrd-Daris, Inc. Industrial Product* Ca Loeksrs aad Hangars Clothing American Alliafe Ca Safety First Supply Oo. for Lubricators--Safety Keystone Lubricating Ca Lubricants Keystone Lubricating Ce. s When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEIVS March, 1030 111 Mask* American Allsafe Co., Inc. Bullard-Daria, Inc. Chicago Bya Shield Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Putmocan Safety Equipment Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Mata--Standing, Safety Acme Steel Co. Durable Mat Co. O Oil Cana Bullard-Deris, Ine. Diener Co.. Geo. W. Juitrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protectoseal Co. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Builard-Daris, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pad*-Knee Safety Tint Supply Co. Planer*--Guards Surty Mfg. Co. Power Preaa Guards American Allsafe Co.. Inc. Armstrong Mfg. Co.. C. G. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Safety Appliances St Machine Co. Surty Mfg. Co. Taylor* Shanta Co. Wiseman Mfg. Oe. Printing Press--Guardi Surty Mfg. Ce. Priza Awards Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Wiillama Jewelry Ac Mfg. Ce, Winsblp Co., Cha. A. Projector*--Film Society of Tleual Education Pyrotannic Detector Mine Safety AppUancee Co. n Rail Clamps Industrial Products Co. Safety First Supply Co. Railroad Safety Devices Industrial Products Co. Respirators American Allsafe Co, Inc. American Optical Co. Builard-Daris, Ine. Chicago Bye Shield Co, Industrial Product! Co. Hygels Respirator Ce. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Ce. Safety First Supply Co. Willson Products,In#. Resuseltatioa Equipment Bullard-Darts,Ine. McDonald Engineering Equip* meat Co. Mine Safety Appllaocee Co. Safety First Supply Co. Rock Dusters Mine Safety Appliance! Ce. Rope--Wire Wllliamiport Wire Hope Ce. Sand Blast Equipment Pangbora Gorp. Sanders* Highway Highway Sonic#, Ine. Saw, Safety Mina Safety Appliances Co. Sayr Guards American Allsafe Co,, Inc. Helloe Manufecturlng Corp. Safety Equipment Serrice Ce. Surty Mfg. Co. Scaffolding Patent Scaffolding Ce, Scrubbing Machines -- Elec tric Flnnell Systems, Iae. Separators, Screen Pangbora Corp. Shaper Guards Shirty Mfg. Ce. Shoe Soles--Non-Slip Lima Cord Sole A Heel Ce. Shoes--Factory and Foundry American Alliafe Co,, Ino. Builard-Daris, Inc. Chippewa Shoe Mfg. Co. E&idlcott-JobBSoa Cora. International Shoe Ce. MacLaury, 3. D, Mine Safety Appliance! Ce. Reece Wooden Sola Shoe Co. Safety Clothing Ce. Sefaty Equipment Serrice Co. Safety First Supply Ce. Sefalff St Co., Leon. Signs Colllna St Ce., Tboe, B. Industrial Product! Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. Stonebouie Signs. Inc. Silencers for Exhaust, Dis charge and Suction The Maxim Silencer Co. Slides--L a n t e r n--Also see Films or Slides Slings--Chain Taylor Chain Co., S. G, Slings--Safety Wire Rope Murray Safety Sling Co. Solder, Self-Fluxing Easter Solder Co. Solders Raster Solder Co. Strapping--Metal Stanley Works, The. Switchboard Mata and Floor* mg Acme Steel Co. American Alliafe Co. Industrial Products Co. Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Go., Xne. T Tools--Linemen's Klein, Mathias St Son. Tools--Non-Sparking American Metal Products Co. Traffic Markers Nliily Co.. Walter 8. Treads--Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American Mason Safety Tread Co. American AiUafe Co., Inc. Central Iron Sc Steel Co, Durable Mat Co.. Ine. Surty Mfg. Co., Ine. Treaties--Safety Extengion Patent Scaffolding Co, Trophies Williams Jewelry St Mfg. Co. Wlnship Co., Chas. A. Trucks--Hand Dei Moines Foundry & Machine Co. V Ventilating Apparatus Pangbora Corp. W Washers--Safety for Grind ing Wheels Standard Safety Equipment Co. Waste Cans Builard-Daris, Ine. Diener Co., Geo. W, Juitrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Water Coolers Bundle Spence Mfg. Co. Windew Cleaner o&kite Products, Inc. Window Cleaners' Safety De vices American AUsafe Co. Window Shades Hough Shade Corp. Wrenche*--Hopper Car Industrial Products Co. Safety First Supply Co. Safety Wrench St Appliance Co. InDL/TEIAL /AfETy Haceet AS a service to our readers, we endeavor to main tain a complete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded t<3 you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on material to meet your requirements. National Safety News, 108 East Ohio Street, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company ... Address ..... Your Name When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ne DUR1LITE NATIONAL SAFETY XEICS Gr O G Cr Li E The lenses rest evenly on the wide flat edge of the eyecup, positively exclud ing dirt and permitting ready cleaning of the lens surface. Patented GREATER COMFORT light weight, proper fit, wide field of clear vision Duralite means added safety to the worker's eyes. Light in weight, DURALITE, with its well-rounded edges, fine balance and neat fit, rests comfortably on the face? and will not irritate or anyoy the wearer. Furthermore, DURALITE affords a wide field of vision, comfortable and clear, through the well-known Super-Armorplate lenses. The material from which DURALITE eyecups are made was selected because of its substantial character and its adaptability to mould ing to the contour of the face. It is moisture-proof and a non-conductor. With DURALITE on the job, eyes are fully protected, vision is sharp and clear, and both eyes and head are comfortable I AMERICAN OPTICAE COMPANY Safety Division new york st. louis san francisco Chicago Kansas city Atlanta When writing advertisers, please mention XATtOXAL SAFETY SEWS NO-ACCIDENT A Symbol of Quality and a Pledge of Service CANDIDATES In the big campaign for safety, here is a safe, sound platform to ran on---because it's a safe, sound platform to stand on. The platform is 16 inches wide. 19 inches deep, and 24 inches below the top of the ladder. The top shelf (size open, 18 by II lA inches; closed, 18 by 594 inches) provides an ample bench for tools. The wide spread of the ladder makes it stand absolutely solid. The angle of the back legs permits the ladder to be placed close to walls. The excellent construction is apparent from the illustration. Every step is rodded, and every other step knee'braced. Rear legs are trussed through rungs. All lumber is clear, selected stock; all hardware is cadmium plated. Overall lengths of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 feet are furnished. For millwrights, electricians, painters, and for general shop purposes, these ladders provide maximum service, maximum safety, and minimum cost and upkeep. A full line of sizes are stocked for immediate shipment. Write for prices, and any additional information desired. SAFETY FIRST SUPPLY COMPANY MANUFACTURERS OF ``DIAMOND" SAFETY EQUIPMENT Brady Building, (Third Avenue and Ross Street) 'P PTTSBURGH. a OKAYSAYS THE SAFETY DIRECTOR OKAY,SAYSTHE PURCHASING AGENT OKAY,SAYS THE WORKMAN . ... so that makes it UNANIMOUS THE Super-Drednaut Goggle does not confine ability of the Super-Drednaut to win fast friends its appeal to one class or type of buyer. Be among workmen has very definitely lessened the cause of the manifold advantages it combines theSafety Director's Job of getting workmen to wear Super-Drednaut has won a degree of popular rec goggles. ognition never before accorded to a goggle. Purchasing Agents have opened their order books Safety Directors have enthusiastically endorsed the to its appeal because the Super-Drednaut has Super-Drednaut because of the outstanding degree demonstrated its economy---its ability to deliver of protection it affords. Again---because the longer service life and give greater dollar for dollar value. And workmen have welcomed the Super-Drednaut because of its light weight, its wide field of vision, its perfect fit---its supreme comfort. The Super-Drednaut is a goggle that checks 100% on all counts--protection--comfort--durability-- economy. And, of vital importance to you as a goggle buyer, every pair of Super-Drednauts sold is backed by an unqualified Service Guarantee which expressly agrees to replace any Super-Drednaut lens or frame, irrespective of length of service: if broken in service. In fairness to yourself, why not take advantage of our offer to examine a sample pair of Super-Dred nauts---to compare them with any other goggle you may be using or considering? Send today for your sample pair of Super-Drednaut Goggles. THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE COMPANY Buell W, Nutt, President 1228 St. Clair Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio Branches in Principal Cities