Document a4rVMK9K7d0XkZxrbDwgjJ36N

ATI-164 f f^r./ ; GARiJSOOOGS?:#: O Minutes General Meeting Asbestos Textile Institute October 8, 1965 The 1iSi, Buck ilill Falls, Fa. . In Attendance: AMERICA! f ASBESTOS TEXTILE CTRP J.L. Rainey J.W. Christenbury U.F. fjiealy YJa. J'aaskint KJI. Walter ASr^STOS CQRTORATIOK LTD. G.F-A. Urink H.K. PORTER CO.TANT, 3 ' J.T. Griffis J.D. i cCluer . D.2. Childers .' . RAY3EJTOS-5 Ai 31ATTAN IIJC. * JA. *lrowo, Jr* J.A. Bettes, Jr. L.C. Williass T 'I? JOHNS-1 iAHYlli-E COR2\EATU.H-! W.S. Hough E.A. Schuaan . tf.C. Atkinson I. Barnett C.L. Sheckler <3A0VIALAD2l, 'iiannSlVC1 ft TAFT "P.Jay Flocken (Legal Counsel} * t ab* * SaJCxSa &m - BRITISa BSLTIHG & ASBESTOS LTD. J.L. Mitchell ' UiJTTED STATES RUBBER COJ TAiBf S.J. Feele, Jr. A.C. Link D.T. Austin, Jr. ASBESTOS TEXTILE IHST-ITUTE - II.E Sunbury (Exec. Secretary) ** gussts ** . S. R. Tinmerran,Jr.,Exec.Vice President, Raybestos-Manhattan Inc. 3.0. Scowcroft, district Sales M-gr., Raybestos-i.anhattan Inc.' C.W. Brigcs, Control igr., Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. .E.H. Wells, Vice Pres, ft Genl. Jr., Packing ft Friction Matls. Div. - Johns-f'anville Cc ' . _ Dr. J.W. Axelson, Research Chief, Asbestos Fiber Applications Johns-tanville CorP- . T. O. Nicodenus, Chairnan, ASTi" Sc A-4 of D-13 J.L. Tucker, Technical Consultant to A.T.I. N.L.A. i'artucci, Products Manager, Garlock Inc. C.H. Sigler, Director of Marketing, Tex.Div., United States Rubbe- Cc S.K'. Smith, Marketing J'^r..General Textiles, United States Rubber Cc In addition to the above guests ve were privileged to have twenty I*' ladies accompany their husbands to our luncheon on Friday, Oct. Sth. ATI-164 ' . A. 'u J V ; Snares - General Txetiag - eon tinned Page 2 ---- Ilnutes of the Teeting 3. President Srown celled the meeting to order at 9:30 A.T., and introduced the guests as listed above. .. 3. The minutes of the last meeting were presented for reading. On Botion by J.A. Bettes, Jr., seconded by 1. Barnett it was voted to '.ait the reading of sase. 3. The Financial Rer<ort was presented by 2JI. Schuman, Treasurer, ftr. Schnaan stated that the Institute's books for the year ending Stpteaber 9th, 1965, had been examined by iir. WJB. Bddy, General Auditor of the Johns-ifenville Corporation, and found to be in order. On rotion by S.J. Peele, Jr., seconded by W.S. Hough, it was voted to ", 1 r ^ r:" T --- , zz t is ^ ri.nrtrs. Center, T-anville, iJ.J. 0C835. President Drown expressed our sincere _ aprreciation to Or. Axelson for his fine naperi _ 1' * 3. The Fibre Producers Renort was given by F. ranker Saith of the Zell Asbestos Tines Limited. Tx. Smith, as usual, had sose cost interesting remarks about the current situation in respect to the production and sales of asbestos fiber of all grades. He aentioned that. Judging from sales to August 31st, the total year now looks as if it aight be about 5% below the year 1964, however, last year was a record year. Textile fibers, tc August 3lst, were dow\ more tnan 5%. The werld market is fairly good at present, except for India and Japan. 6. The Legal Report usually presented at this time by Tx. T.Jsy Flocken, our Legal Counsel, had to be oaitted as the seeting wcs running late due to the length of the technical paper by Dr. Axelsor. A summary of the Counsel Report is attached to these minutes, by courtesy of !'x. Flocken. 7. President Drown 'stated that the Board of Governors at their meet ' ing last June had voted to award a Certificate of Anpreciatioa to Mr. George F. Jenkins, who retired as Senior Yicc President of Asbestos Corporation limited. Thetford ;ines, Quebec, on i^ay 31st, 1965, to express our appreciation of his staunch support of the Institute over a period of cany years, and his service as a menber of our Fiber Testing Committee. As J<r. Jenkins was on a trip and ( could not attend this meeting, the plaque was entrusted to the care -! f I*r. G.F.A. Drink, for delivery to Jx. Jenkins, v B. The Chairmen of our several working committees reviewed the with oi their committees for the fast year, and their reports are atiscc^d ATI-164 ` I'inutes - C>aierrl electing -continued Page 3 ' to these minutes. All of these Chairmen are completing their terms, after serving two or nore years. Basely: L.C. Lillians - Chairman:. Air Uygiese A Itfg.-Cn--ittec J.f.' Christeabury - Chairman: Sales Promotion Cnnaittee Via. liaaskaat - Ciairman: Technical Committee . Z. Barnett - Chairuaa: Fiber Testing Cotnittee President Brows expressed to then the sincere anrreeiation of the loerd of Governors for their highly valued contribution to the advancessnt of the Institute during their term of office.' The net? committee chairmen, who noraally serve for a period of two years, are: ; Air Hygiene & i'fg. - V.C. Atkinson that the original cost estiaate was too low in view of the inclusion of additions: tests* and expenses of oreoaring the cony for the ) printer. He stated that the 2nd Edition, soon to be printed, would probably not be revised for at least five years, and asked that this be taken into consideration when final orders are placed with the Secretary of A.T.l* Those who have already placed orders on the basis of the original cost estinate, will be contacted by.the Secre tary and given the opportunity to revise their order in view of the 5 year period between editions, and the higher cost. 10, Ibr. S.J. Peele, Jr., Chairaan of the lfeminating Committee, whic: consisted of ffessers t?.S. Hough, L.C. Williams and himself, reported he had submitted a slate of officers to the Board of Governors at their meeting on October 7th, 1965, to serve the Institute for the coming year, and that the following had been duly elected: President - J.A. Brown, Jr. - Raybestos-Piinhattan, lac. Vice President - J.fc. Rainey - American Asbestos Textile Corp. Treasurer - E.A. Sebuman - Johns-ianville Corporation Exec. Secretary - ll.E. Sunbury 11. President 3rown announced that the next meeting would beheld on February 10th and 11th, 1966, at the Uarbiaon-Plaza liotel in New York City. The meeting then adjourned for luncheon, to which the wives hid j :en invited, and it proved to be a most enjoyable affair. Respectfully submitted, U/ I'.E. 'Suhbury Er.ec. Secretary ATI-164 uj JCRXL CLSJGOT SEAW Vlth axtrema aadnaas w* report the audden and unexpected death of Sr. Kyrll C. Shew, on the rrenlng of Hot enter 12th, at his home 5t3 Cates Street, Philadelphia 28, Pa. Be had recently oherred rj; iuth birthday.Chile the eauae of death wat a heart attaek, he had mover had any previous heart ailment. Sr. Shaw served the Asbestos Textile Institute well and faithfully f rr a period of seventeen years, rendering to It an Invaluable service. Chen the Asbestos Tartllw Institute Fellowship was established at Rutgers University In 1B46, Sr. Shaw waa employed as a "Research Specialist" to work on projects of Interest to our members. In 194J he was pi wen, la addition to hi* work * Research Pellrv, t ho tae Certain-teed Corporation. At the time ei .... Slreetor of Research and Sevelopment for the American.Asbestos Textile Corporation, Norristown, Pa. A native of Columbus, Ohio, Sr. Shaw received hla bachelor's and master's degrees from Pennsylvania State University, and his ph.D In elevated temperature chemistry from Ohio State University. Re was a member and Pellow of the American Ceramic Society, a reg istered Professional Ceramic Engineer In the State of Ohio, a member of the American Society for Testing & Materials; American Trade Association; American Ordnance Association; and the American Standards Association. Be waa a member of the Roxboauugh Baptist Church, and of the li*ionic Order. Turvivora include hla wife, hr*. Carnet Shaw; a daughter, Marilyn, who la a eophomore atudent at Marietta College; a aon, Byril C.Jr. who 1* a fifth grade atudent et Penn Chartor School; hi* mother, Mrs. Marian Shaw; and a'brother and three alstera. The funeral service waa held on Tuesday, November 16th, at the J. Burton Corson Funeral Borne In Philadelphia. The Asbestos Textilo Instituto waa wall represented at the aervlce, and had the oppor tunity to extend to Mra. Shaw and the children our deepest sym pathy on behalf of all our member*. Interment was In Nest laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa. November 20, 1965 E.E. Sunbury xoc. Secretary ATI-164 i ' A7-3 B--vS5- T ^0urSst-.?3.3.T.T' L . IE SI1TD TJ . ' ` ' . IFeoart f Rinda ' . Septerber 9, 1955 Balance on Hn3 at Xaat Bepcrt. May 10.1965 ' General Rind.. Savings Fund Petty Caeh Rind .. . /_ $ 2630.11 23114.01 96.54 Becelpta ; '. . To Savings Rind (Interest) . . Ta General'Rind (1965 duesVv To Oaneral Fund (Book Salas) . 209.13 00.00 ' 66,26 Bisborseaents . Total tm hand and raeaivsd 25840.GG 7-65.30 26606. Co" Technical Consultant (Test Manual) 225.26 Accountant (Caruso-year ending 8/31 Printing fc Office supplies 300.00 56.01 Petty Cash vouchers 177-197 inclusive 86.10 Total Disburaeaenta Balance an Band as of Sept.9, 1965 Panda ' . Ceneral Pund '(Bank Statenent of 9/9/65 ) 2049.05 Savings Pund (Three Accounts) . 21323.14 Petty Cash Fund - . 10.44 Total Funds Assets as of Sept.9. 1965 Cash in Bank (General rund) . 2049.05 * Cash in Bank (Savings Fund) 21323.14 Petty Cash on Eand 10.44 Acets Feeelvable (Book sales) 6.34 Postage on hand - - . 1.88 Furniture i: Hquipaent (Honinal Value) l.pp Total Assets 3223.42 23362.53 23382.63 23391.5 liabilities (Pone) Pet V orth 823391.65 -e C2P0P.PP transferred frnm Savings Pund to General Pund on 9/2/65 Hespectfully submitted, aury T/:s at. Treasurer ATI-164 v'i'V *r- y. - KX J stovct? of g?gigK. Asbestos Textile lastitste's counsel, P.Jty Flocken, reports that tbe Uni ted States Supreme Court's dsrisicn i" the United "ine Workers of America v. reniiingten Case soezs to have taken Isbcr unions out irons under tne protective blanket thrown over then by Federal legislation in the lfbor management relations field in the 1SIC's. Counsel reviewed the background of this case and the Supreme Court's decision June 7, 1965, and stated that the essence of the decision is that: . " . . a union forfeits its exemption froa. the antitrust laws when it is clearly shown that it has agreed with one set of employers t;- a fir vsf? srale or other consoiracy to restrain trade, a similar case could be otie out against the participating employer. It now seems clear that a commitment by a union not to grant more favorable conditions or terns to any com peting employer - a cow'on form of collective bargaining agreement -- is illegal on its face. Unions can be expected to avoid any agreements with any employers as to what kind of agreements the union will negotiate with otler esployers. Tbe greatest hazard for unions who seek uniform labor standards -- and for the employers that deal with them -- lies in the threat of treble damage suits by disgruntled or marginal producers or by recalcitrant members of an ' employer association. There has been little indication since the Supreme Court's decision last-June that a new unsettled period of industrial labor relations is about to begin. But while the unions, particularly the United i`ine Workers, appear to have been the principal losers in the Supreme Court, the increase ' in litigation involving unions and antitrust charges which seems likely to resrlt from the Court's decision may show that workable collective bargaining has been the real loser. J ATI-164 -.-.f . . s>/' o ) .-imrtcc: Air iy^Uae and anufacturin; Coi.ittac October 7, 1965 Sic Inn Sad: -411 Tails, ?*u 9:JO A.--. to 12 :.an 9*00 ?.... to 11:CO P-- Attending: .c beret I~ C. '-1111a, 'a, Ciairum tteytastoa^oahattan, Inc. V. C. Atkinson UasriUjO^ORVlllc Corp. S. T. Austin, Jr. Ctaitod States <fcubbcr C* X. Stockier Jbhn^ onvllc Cerp. a. a. SAth. daybcstos-..aaha.ttan, Ine. r. 'loiter A-nriean Asbestos Tortile i, C, I4a'- 1-'"" S'-:;'-'-: ~ AO-1 Lure Counter All :js bers attending. Bausch and Lceb -icprcscrrtatlvcs - Ir. 1. A. Sehitf Product Adlnistrator Industrial Products Dept. ' r. Charles Tcpo Technical 2ny. . E*o Industry is aluays Interested in ncu types of Auteintie Dust Counters as they cars: on tlie market. It is desirable to base a counter that could renitor conditions over a longer period of ti* than our standard dust count in; procedure, and aloo to dlsdnato the possibility of hxan error# The AO-1 dust counter deronstrated by 3ouseh and Lei rep resentatives operates cn an optical systa- There aro input optics - pute ultipllcr and lap, and output optics collector rixvor and focus lens. Tlisro arc tin stroers of air suppliod to the unit, 1) a saaplo ctrca: and 2) a filtered air ahaath. Tils gives accuracy to the unit. Slides ucrj usod to give details on exactly hou tlic unit is built and operator. The unit contains a pu-p and by pass, 2 .'nfflcro, input photo:rter, 2 particle filters end odioust. There are accessories availablo such as counter, alaru and strip chart recorder. The particular counter dcsionstrated 'jould only bo able to count partition up to one idlllon per cubic foot. lists "jould not be a satisfactory unit for our industry.  Pago 2 Thos, Bausch and Lob has dcvolopod & aw freto-typo AO-2 battery operated unit that will count particlot Urea 1/2 to 15 cdercns la siso end up to 100 Billies particles per eabie foot, this unit b ea tost la the very boot filters. It*. Z. 1/. ioloon la to roeolvo one of tbe proto typo units and trill bo reporting to ear ciaSLtt-- the results of the trials using this salt. for referee* purposes the pries of the AO-1 adt is ~JS9B5 sod the new AO-2 unit Is -J3300. Tbe nit eu be set to count any give particle sis*. If pea ulsh to piefc eat certsia psrtlele sizes end cent then, tbo pertide site indicator can be set, say far 2 sicra settles* then & A sicron sotting sad subtract. Tbs deeoostrstlea w very nU seeeptod by all ambers sal I ta sure tbe fellouup interest oa this anit will be v*r~ &c*irs is the wr* lur-ipt a . c_ uners perjoas isarj they bad loss of hearing, the critical speech area was act affected at all'or jest lightly affected. Since records tiers not tabes prior to this date, it cannot be stated as to whether or not this loss of bearing was caused by job or by natnsl loss of hearing or scae other outside effect. It is a teem fact that between the ages of AO and 60 years thers is a 15 dec ibel loss of hearing and this happens- to aost rverycna. It is, therefore, vary inperta nt that industry tahe tests oa people as they are hirod. Theso tests should be dane by s Doctor or s degistarod Ihrae so w* know that eacpeier.tly trained and experienced persons are doing the tests. One of the ncobers supplied a paper on "oast lange Synposiun *3 iudiosatry in Industry*. This paper will be reviewed by aoabera of the caardttoe and discussed at the need nseting. Further, another neater statod he will supply their Industrial records on thia particular subject at tho next acctlng. . International Con-ress on AS3-STCSIS A brief review was aado ' of this International, Congrees report. Since portion* of this are in french, wo have delayed any cements on its contents until interpretation is received This nay talto quite a long tine to accomplish Thereioro, we will bring it up at oach meeting in tho hopes that someone will have cone cnmonte on its contents. ATI-164 !J . ' , ) hp3 Consultant - Industrial Wwdene Proere Ccesdttee hat given cartful consideration to the suggestion that tba All retain a eonsultaot for the Industrial Ky^ene Prop-an.. After dlpcuislcn, it au decided that with the available personnel that we have within the industry and the help of Etr* lewis Cralley of the U. S. Public Health Sendee, it is get necessary at this tdae to have a consultant, therefore, the _ ccnstttee con aiders this investigation eeeplste. ' )fathod fw Concentrstioo It had been reecoaended by the Cocslttee that this aethod be placed In the new edition of the handbook. Coesdttee will still receaaead to the Sole* Promotion 4_w* 4 t *M .. V,,. A..v,i/ U; , . . --- ! ** $WgAla HachinerT ExhibitIon - Irrtermtlcnal-ive? the wardties discussed equipment that waa displayed at this exhibition which would be of Interest to the Asbestos Tactile Industry. In particular, we reeieued the PrrksCrauer fraae and loon cleaning equipment which is a con tinuous cleaning unit. A Saeo-ioweil chute feed t e cords . and a Khitin cotton plucker. Also, there was a Saeo-toiiall Rovanatie wdt that operates very quietly in enxperisco to standard roving fraces. this waa of interest as ue are act ive an the noise ibatesent progran. General Dlecusslon ' The oomlttee discussed safety progress, the practi cality of reworking fly waste, the effects of enployee attitude on mill operation. Review of Cqdttee Activities for Past Tear Heetln- - October 8. 19oi~ ---- 1. Public Heelth Service Surve7 - tr. Lewie J. Crinw Ik. Cralley gave ua a status report on the inplant enviroreaental studies. At this time sloe (6) were ceo- pleted and the neat study was to be made at RaybestoeHinhattan, Ine., Hanheia, Pa. The studiee have gone w ell as reported by Dr. Cralley and participating companies. ATI-164 r* l . ..) 4 2. Blole-leal JXtects ef Asbestos - Oct. 10.20.fl.196Z> -~_.T.C._ Iho ccralttao aus'oatod tbs Board of Directors of ATI end a Public delations can to this conference dsec Dr. Sclikcff is uainc the nmrs oedla Ter publications* 3. Duality Control S-rrtcna under im-9CC 1. T.w ccmdttoc rcriauod this specification and abroad it la tall to be covered by this spae IT too ara doin'; Govern- sent uiortc. a report ro aenbar oonpgdes indloatos that all are cojrarad by this apse. . Zoetin- - -gbruar? 11. 1965 .1* Public risaltb Sur\T- Us** Zr-de J..Cral37 rustic ..eaj.oh Tho follouinj articles wore reviewed and discussed: l) - "Dangerous Dust" - Scientific American, Dececber, 1964 - Volume 211. 2} - "Cancer ^Terts Sye Asbestos in Alarn/Cancsr Experts . 2yv Asbestos Perils", by Josephine aobertson. TZie Plain Dealer, January 12, 1965, Cleveland, Ohio. Ziovir.* and discussion of these articles beeps ambers of the eorsalttoe up to date on tho publicity Asbestos is receiving relative to P^ublie JZaallh. 3m SuTTestlon Svetens Follouinc are ^oneral procedures used by nenber cocpanies. 1) - Jiiurly employees participate. . 2) - Separate participation for salaried employees. 3) - ianejaaent corrrittea or .anajsnent and Ziployoo Committee, accept or reject suejsstion. 4) - The values is acoessed tZrou^i conplote investigation of the su^estion. 5) - The rsuard is either a fined amount or a percent of the first yam's savings. ATI-164 ) Hat 5 A. Variances - Production Control ' Varlanctu la production control systaus irmrilstely point eat the roduoed or increased aanufacturiAS costs to the snna^nst. Jhon a chons* r standard is notod it 1* investi^ted and tbo cause ehecJtod. By this uatted a core accurate central can bo placed cm costs or correction* Bade uban 000*33*17 and tha raasen noted. - 5* fartable Vecnr; Clamper Discussed several unite curraitly available* .Several aer coqpanlet ar* as^octinj to evaluate these unit*. ^ : ' J. 1* Public Health Scvice Survey - Dr. Ic-.-ds ' Dr* Crallay presented a paper prepared by Jcrsrdah 3* Lynch on "Asbestos Study - Procedures and Finding". This information vaa dade available to all amber eoapanies for their review. n* also repertad that all indications point to good dust- control in Textile plants* He then distributed another paper entitled "2elationaM.p of Jspiayer Counts to Fibre Concentration by jeabrane Filters in Asbestos Textile Plants"* Doth of these papers are drafts and ubon tliey are finaliiad they sill be pubilshod* 2* Portable Veeutn Cleaners 1* Tuo units - 1) Suction Apparatus and 2) Compressed Air Unit uero tried. Both units do a satisfactory elesniny of easy to roach areas but in equipment and close aroas the;* aro not adequate. The committee has agreed to ccntlnuo . investigating vacuisa cloaniny equip nent as it cases on the sarhet. U* vrill report their findings at tins of test* 3* Direct Dust Counter Information has been received that Bausch and Lamb are developing a new dust counter li^ht and photo electric cell to count all dust particles in the air. Three cain factors ATI-164 u ( makt a mil such u thi* desirable: -- - 1) - EUslnata th fausas factor in comtlng. 2) - Taka sort raiding* in a shorter period of tine. 3; - Coat of unit aatinatad at 33300. - A. Consultant Industrial Hvtdene Proeraa _ A suggestion has been received to discuss and investigate the possibility of Asbestos Taxtila Mnafaetvars retaining a consultant to supervise a uniform Industrial ty.en* fro- graa and to conduct periodic surveys of plants* Ibis suggestion has been tabes under advisement and <dll be dis- p_' a r +J * <o-a 2 As outgoing Coalman of the Air Hygiene Corsittae, 1 wish to express ay thanks and appreciation to the cosdttee and " nesbers of other mrr.'.ttees who have attended several of our meetings for being so cooperative in keeping the pro- gran active and making each meeting a vwthwhile and int eresting session. ' - I else v*nt to express t he committee*s velecoe and congratulations to Hr. Walter Atldnson, vho will be our new Chairman far next year. ' Respectfully submitted, 1. C. V.TIllsae, Chairman Air Hygiene 6 Kfg. Com. ATI-164 o> =V. IlLtiUTia: T Asbestos Textile Institute Seles Promotion Committee The Inn, Buck 1111 Fells, Pennsylvania. October 7, 19ft ATl'gtDIKG: . J.A. Broun J.A. Bettes, 2r. S.J. Peele, Jr. V.S. Bough E.A. Shuman J.T. Griffis J.L. Rainey J.V. ChristenJwry P.J. Flocken r *s r --* ... ,, f. Raybestos-Kanhattan, Inc. Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. United States Rubber Co. Jahns-Hanvilla Cor;. Johna-Manville Corp. BJC. Porter Co. Aaerican Asbestos Textile Corp. American Asbertos Textile Corp. Cadualader, Wiekershaa It Taft at the Royal Ontario 2xseun in Toronto, Canada.-'' 3. Continued work on revising the A.T.I. Handbook was discussed. Additional assignments were mads by Hr. E.A. Shuman, head of our sub-cccmittee. . 4. Ve were brought up to date on the present status of Coast Guard requirements where fibreglas cloth is replacing asbestos to some extent. - 5. The continuing pressure of Japanese imports of asbestos cloth was discussed. * 6. Kr. S.J. Peele agreed to continue to write his market report on asbestos textiles for the ASBESTOS magazine. Respectfully submitted, v "i ' Z. W. Christenbury, Chairman Sales Promotion Committee 3 ATI-164 : r; 1,&& \ u ) >CC-iU'X^a: Asbestos Textile Institute Technical Cosaittee Report - Buck Hill Ralls, Pennsylvania. October 7, 15o5 ATTENPIKO: - J.D. KcCluer . V.H. Perfcman J.V. Hawkins D.F. Quaaly Ha. Hsaskant B.X. Porter Co. Turner Bros. Asbestos Co. Ltd. JUybestos-Manhattan, Inc; American Asbestpajaxtlie Corp. Aserlean AabestwFreriile Corp. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED: " . c i -i :.* 1 - ?-- _l.c f* This specification vill also be part of the new SS-C~46oe issue. In the neantlse, attempts are being made to have this specification amended for change in thickness. Rote? Several requests were made by the writer to get an Interim Amendment for the thickness only. We were informed by Mr. Abel, of Bureau of Ships, on 10-26-1955, that he had reached an agreement with the Army to issue an Interim Amendnent. As soon as this amendment is available, the writer will forward sane to each Technical Coraittee Member. 3- A.T.I, HANDBOOK; The section under Asbestos Textile Products (pages 29 thru 32) was reviewed. The following recommendations for change were forwarded to Mr. J.V. Christenbury on October 19, 1965: 1. Page 30 - Grades - Tooinote 1 - As referred to under this paragraph, pages 64 to 68 might be different in the new issue. 2. Elevated Temperature Serviceability - Page 30 - First sentence to be changed after 1500 F), "but also, in Bore recent applications, where temperatures in excess of 5000 F may be encountered", change into "also, in applications where temperatures in excess of 5000 F 3 are encountered". 3. Page 31 - First line "iJ00 to 800 change into "k00 F to 800 F". ATI-164 o 2' 3. A.T.I. HAKDBOOK: (COHTIKUED) ' if. A. Chart A - Identify this chart Just Above the top .line, la center. .. B. Include Grade AAAA - Strength retention 100 at 600 P and 800 F. 5. Page 32 - Third sentence "as en example recent studies how an erosion rate" change into "as an exaaple, studies Indicate an erosion rate, etc." 4. Chemical end Corrosion Tests: ' Above tests for asbestos lagging cloth were discussed. ^ /' Respectfully submitted V. Maeskent, Chairman Technical Committee V**4 r- **;* ATI-164 .-1-S*.' - '. 'Tv UJ *) HESHS: ASBESTOS TEOTLE 3ESTEDTE JTEEFt TES33B0 OCMOZSZ * OCTOBER 7, 1^5 ' Tbe neeting vu held at the i, Bach Sin Pulla, Pennsylvania. 2a attendancei 0. 7. A. Brink J. V. Axtlaca 2. Linealn S. 2. Childers R. Ladds-Hebron ' --..'-fc Asbestos Corporation Ltd* Joha-H=aville Corpcratioc Turner and Hawaii, Ltd. . S. X- Porter Caspany, Inc. Ben Asbestos Mines Ltd. su^ctrouic dust ecui'-er. At toe ccnciusice. ci the 1 discussion the members of the Tiber Testing Ccrsittee adjourned end regrouped for a discussion of the forthccslng ''Manual of Testing Procedures." 1. Hr. Tucker reported on tbe printing cost quotation frca two printers on the nanual that will contain about one-third bore pages than the first edition. Individual test procedures vere also quoted upon. On the besis of a nanual bound stellar to the first edition the lowest quotation for 2500 copies vas $3200 end for 3000 copies $3k50. For printing about 35 >000 extra pages of the procedures to be used for the requlrenents of Individual tests the quotation vas $375* These costa do not include packaging and shipping. The final cost per copy vlll also Include the recovery of expenses for our Technical Consultant and typing of tbe proof copies. After the Inclusion of one additional procedure subnitted by QAMA and one revision, the low bidder vlll again be contacted for a revised quotation. Vhen this nev cost is known Hr. Sunbury will request each nenber and affiliate to revlev original requlrenents on tbe basis that the next revision nay not occur for about four to five years and also the reduced cost per copy vben the total order Is Increased free 2500 to 3000 copies. ) 2. Bauer-MeHett Uet Classification procedure previously approved by QAKA vas officially approved for AH. Bie revision allows the use of the new Model 203-C Beuer-McTett Classifier. *pru vlll be Included in the nev manual. ATI-164 3. A aev test for rapidly deterxsiaiat the'sppareat surface art* of fiber vt* developed by Turner end Bewail and adopted by QAMA aa . September Ik, 19&5. This vlll be Included la the wimiil as aa additional procedar* to tht Dyeherhoff aethod.. AS and KTFB vlll vote as iocs as serpen have had an opportaalty to study the procedure which has beea circulated. 1. Xacactle Ratine procedure vlll be published la the ibstbii! as currently revised, but the concensus is that sore Study Is required to develop the desired iaproveneats for future revision. 5. Sene of the ncaben convened at a special aeetlac later la the day vlth Mr. ?. 0. Xleodeaus, Chalraan of Sub-eceaittet A-k of Ccsslttee P-13, AS to discuss tests required far the revised AS publieatica. ATI u) ILSIUIU 0? ASBESTOS FISE31S zascsnx asd Bone maroons johk v. axexscw JCSHS-HAHVmi KESEASCH AIZD EailHEgmc rn.rru Hurmix, hot rotssr Introduction . Before beginning a discussion of the testing Methods and equipment used far asbestos, Z vent to briefly reriev a fev tMnge about asbestos. Since chT--rrMlf ir Vr f*r !!-< srrrt C nature. Geologically, it vas foraed under hydrothermal conditions end occurs throughout the vorld Including at least 19 if not 50 of the states. Xt cost commonly occurs in veins of various thielcaetses in the serpentine host rock and Is usually of the cross-vein type vlth the fibers perpendicular to the rock faces. The extraction of the fiber consists of elnine the ore, crushing It, and renoving and classifying the fiber. Since the thickness of the veins or the nominal fiber length vill generally vary fron about one inch dovn to subxieroseopic sizes vlthin a single piece of ore, it Is very difficult to separate the product into any discrete sizes. Consequently, all Billed fiber consists of fibers over a vide length spectrun and also Includes some rock or granular substance. But that is not all. The fibers are also present in the silled product in clusters or bundles varying in site fron the single fiber vith a dlaaeter of about 160 to 200 Angstroms to a bundle one quarter inch in cross section containing Billions of individual fibers. Hov are these tested! ATI-164 2 nut adsIt that tone of th* Methods an crude, soc* hart beta developed to __ help predict the use of the fiber la epeelflc products, aad soae mrt very . . difficult'. Severer, ve do flad these test* useful aad vt are alvsyt looting for onr aad depraved tests vhleh vill eharacterdte asbestos ore specifically, first, I vill revlev the more crrrrann tests that have heea eadt to deteroiae specific physical properties of asbestos. 3 ATI-164 ;vi>' u -3- J Hsasureaent of Bl,terete Properties Tensile Strength Tentlit tests are cede by the classical Bethel of fastening s rpeclacn between two laws, one aerobic, end applying a tensile street to the specisen until it fractures. The difficult part is to obtain the specimen and to count f ` ....tv ------------------- -- v' ** r*-t cr*.-- r- fibers. The length of the fiber specifies will depend on the sample but should .. > be in the. raage of 1/2 to 1 inch. Sext, the cross-section has to be aeasured. This is dose microscopically sad aarunes that the bundle is cf circular cross-section and a solid East of asbestos. There are several different methods for mounting the specimen. Our technique consists of first coating the hep support vlre of the tensile testing unit. Figure 1, with sealing vex and touching the fiber specimen against this vhlle the vex is thill soft. After cooling, the top support vlre vith attached. ' sample Is suspended frea the top arc and the height of'the bottom support vlre - is adjusted to the length of the specimen vhleh is then attached to the bottoc . vlre vith a gob of molten vax. The testing machine is started to provide a tensile pull on the specimen until fracture occurs. At this time, the maximum load at break is recorded and the. tensile strength is calculated from this y load and the measured cross-section. Because of the heterogeneous nature of the fiber, It is very difficult to obtain good results. Values believed to be ATI-164 . closer to the true tensile strength of utxitoi in obtalaed vben a sharp break la oh*erred, as contrasted to a ragged break ubere sections are breaking or being pilled apart. Tiber* tested are la the raage of 25 sdercas or 0.001 -aebes and ahov breaklag loads la the raage of 100 pans. The aeasureaeat of elongation during the application of a tensile load to a fiber vlll allov the elastic to be cal misted. Severer, this elenga- tloa or strain Is very snail aad therefore very difficult to tdcenure on these jr'-r . 0*!c SftNod li t-? vs? t ~s. *h.s ? or r? srts#???*? vi.leh. era and the base of the balance. By extending the sviag Indicator oa the bal- ,, aace. It vas possible to obtain a 7:1- advantage aad seasure the strata by ob serving the aoveaent of the avlng arn. Total strains up to about 2 vere nearured for chryaotUe asbestos' as cospared to lj! or leas for the aore brittle asoslte aad croeidollte fibers. - Typical values for tensile strength aad aodulua of a nuaber of types of aabeatoa are shorn la Table 1. 3 ATI-164 4 Tiber Chrysotile Croeidolita Aaoslte O -5- j SAZZ2 X. ' PETSICA1 FR0H3TIZS Of ASBESTOS Average Tensile Strength, psi 261,000 to 13^,000 V69.000 to 05,000 11*3,000 to 203,000 Modulus of Elastic!tr. 23.2 x 106 27.1 X 10s 23.6 X lfl6 Since asbestos is a fibrous materiai vith the fibril* associated is groups or bundles, specisl precautions oust be used. Tor deters* sing the density. Basle-. ally, this eensists of evaluation of the sample la s pycnometer. After complete degassing, a standard pyeaoaeter density is determined from the taovn values for the weight of the asbestos, the veight of the asbestos plus the fluid in the pyenoaeter, the volume of the pyeaoaeter and the density of the fluid. A susher of determinations for Canadian chrysotile gave values ranging froa 2.53 to 2-58 gas/ce vith an average value of 2.56 gns/ce. ' Coeffielent of Thermal Expansion. . .This is a very difficult measurement vith asbestos since a staple conducive to linear measurements is alnost impossible to obtain. The technique used has been one in vhieh the difference in density vith temperature has been measured for a sample of asbestos and the coefficient of cubical expansion calculated from it. V i. ATI-164 > V* 0 ,J 6- - . . Both the pycaoBetar and eolxuaenoneter wit investigated but the pycnometer gave Ttry erratic remits that vnt believed to be caused by the less or saae of the fine aabestee vlth the fluid which Is loafoa expansion. By careful drying or the asbestos sad degassing after iraersioa la the fluid, reasonable ' results were Obtained with the eoluaenoaster which uses the dxchlaedes principle that the decrease la weight of a aasple lsaersed la a fluid Is equal to the weight of the displaced flail and. the veluse of this fluid Is equal to the toliras rf the solid. toe isiieviag * qua ..on: "ft ` B - do-dt 2.629-2.605 - 0.00006 la3/la3/oc or * diST (Z-&HW-T) B - 8x10-5 - 5x10-5 tn3/in3/r. l.B " These Talues coincide with those for an aluslaua alloy. Vlth anisotropic naterials the linear coefficient of expansion is approximately 1/3 of the cubical - coefficient but this probably does not hold for a fibrous material like asbestos. Although wasuresents of this type are cade on a bull sasple, the technique at least theoretically gives a value which is discrete for an asbestos fiber. Specific Eeat I will not dwell on this subject, but only state that the specific heat for . - ; . '$l\; . V-. --. >... v` 7 ` c'- V - 'o ` ATI-164 u -7- 3 ehryaotlle asbestos ha* bees Kinni by standard calarlaetrlc techniquex and a -value of 0.25 Btu/lb/0! ha* been dsterained. There cay be nail differences for different grade* of asbestos fron different deposits but they are probably not significant. Befractive Index Befractive Index Is defined as the ratio of the Telocity of light in a -* rr cf *.l/ *-t,s i*r !* *Jr/ ax that of the liquid In vfcich the fiber lx least )( the refractive index 1* la the range of 1.50 to 1.55 depending' prisarlly on the source of the fiber. This eospares to a refractive Index of about 2.5 for titania, 2.0 for tine oxide, and 1.33 for vater. Measureoent of Bull Properties A amber of tests have been devised to oescure the bull properties of as bestos. A group of these have been standardized and the test aetbods published by the cosblned efforts of the Quebec Asbestos Mining Assoelstlon, the Asbestos Textile Institute, and "the Mineral Fiber Products Bureau (fomerly the AsbestosCesent Products Association). Tbe publication Is entitled "Manual of Testing Procedures for Chryaotile Asbestos Fibre" and copies can be obtained fros the Q.A.K.A. Testing Laboratory, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It Is hoped that the tests in this annual vill serve as the basis for test ^ J) procedures for asbestos that vlll be proculgated by ASTM. ATI-164 u ,. J -8- _ ' Ob* of the most difficult parts la the testing of asbestos is to obtain a ' representative sample. Specific instructions are given in this sarnial for proper aampHne of a ahijnent of asbestos la order to Obtain a representative sasple. , Iren if these an followed explicitly, then are difficulties, sad variations within a lot are sot detected, dll Z wish to atate ben la that the aaaple used for testing should be the best aaaple Obtainable for the purpose end that special can should be taken to eliminate loss frog any fraction ofthe sarnie. The test The Quebec Standard Asbestos Test' This is a test used to classify asbestos fiber into the coxaercial grades that have been established by the QAMi. It Is a dry screen test which serves the stated purpose but leaves such to be desired in classifying the utility of a fiber for specific uses. . The test utilises a series of nested box screens, Ilgwe 2, constructed of cast alurlmn and measuring lU-3/U" x 2bJ" x 3$-" (approx.). Specific openings and win diaenslens art given for each screen to provide ncalnal b mesh, and 10 Beth screens. A pan and cover cozplete the screen asseshly with the i~in. screen directly under the cover and the 10 taesh screen above the pan. The screen assembly Is fastened to a gyratory mechanise that rotates at 327 rpo. A one-pound saople of asbestos is used in this test. All clots and lumps should be broken up and the moisture content should be less thj. 3^. (Canadian ehrysotile under atmospheric conditions will contain 1.5 to 2 absorbed water). ATI-164 U 1J -9- . The fiber Is allowed to fall loosely onto the top J-tn. screen and the cover la cloaed without caspresslng the fiber. The mediae la started and runs for fiOO revolutions when It nutomtieally stops. The fiber retaining on each screen la reserved, weighed and recorded la tenths of an ounce. 33* aaount on the top aereea detemines the grade of the fiber. ' Standards for a few grades of fiber are given In Table 2. rxsa 2 hv. 'i Crane basically cradc 3/6* to 3/4" J Quebec Screen Analysis, ot. mr 4 Mesh J.0 Mesh Par. 3r 7-0 7-0 1-5 0.5 3T 2.0 8.0 U.O 2.0 4d 0.0 7-0 6.0 3.0 It 0.0 2.0 10.0 4.0 5D 0.0 0.5 10.5 5.0 5R 0.0 0.0 10.0 6.0 & -0.0 0.0 7.0 9.0 TO 0.0 0.0 5.0 U.O TO 0.0 0.0 0.0 l6.o It should be pointed out that the classification la Table 2 applies only to 3 aabestos out of Quebec. Other areas of the world, including other provinces of ' * Canada, use different designations and eijuivalency of grades has to be determined. ATI-164 o 'j .. . -io- . . 2a addition to the nuaber-latter designation, test Quebec producer* use a third aasbex Identification vhleh telle hcv that particular trade vu produced. Xt deaotte what part of the dll the fiber caae froa aad what processing It hae undergone. for Johns-Hurvllle asbestos, thle third number roughly signifies -the decree of epesaeaa of a fiber. ` yp-TCT Teat le the rtaadard teat used by all Industrie* dealing with particulate a paa oa the bettoa aad successive screeas vlth larger opening* stachen aneve this, aad finally a cover ea the top tcreea which has the largest opening. She aesh sixes of the screeas will vary with the grade of fiber being tested but will range between a 3 &*sh aad a 65 aesh. She staple else Is 50 grass for grades 4 tad 5 aad 100 great for grades aad below. She tire also varies fTos 10 eiaates for til grades 79 aad above to 30 alautes for those below 79. Za some eases the procedure Is varied by using a dlfferent-slxed sasple or the tine or screea sixes; another innovation is to separate the fiber and granular portion oa each screea by shaking to stratify each portion aad then care- ' fully aspirating the fiber off and weighing the resainlag granular naterlal. The utility of this test to charaeterixe a fiber for Its usefulness Is Questionable but It caa be effectively used as a control test to ensure that a specific grade of fiber mlntain* certain sire characteristic*. It 1* particularly ' useful with the shorter grades. ATI o Vet Screening Ttit* . . -ii' J Bauer-KcWttt Zbe 2auer*MeHett Vat Classification Test is the sort canon vat screening test and vat screening la the seat effective, practical aatibai town, to obtain * length distribution Masureaest of fibrous aaterlals of heterogeneous length. 3he vat technique taads to separate the pertieles ao aach oot la classified by f rj e." '** ~ :J/*'. -r 'ju f ~ J' c' ~~ -t,'1' ' . . * .- -- v*: r - - ..I - . . . , ... - _ overflow of one vlll flow into the next. Each task also contains a baffle plate parallel to the screen and about three quarters of an Inch sox and a blade4 eyl- ' ladrlcal rotor at one end vbleh runs at $Uo rpa. The purpose of these tvo modifi cations Is to orient the flbcre parallel to the screen surface and to cdclelte endvlse flov of fiber through the screens. There la an outlet on the botton of each tank which Is closed vlth a plug, but which Is also connected to a vecuua xysten through a special cup. This cup has a screen which support* a filter paper and acts to collect the arterial froa each tank at the conclusion of the test. . In operation, all of the tanks are filled with water and a standard flov of water through the tanks Is established at 3 gpo. The rotors are started'aad . -the saaple Is plaeed In the upperaost tank. _ During the runnli* of the test. It Is necessary to periodically brush off the material froa the screens so blocking does not occur. After running for the prescribed tioe, the water flov and rotors are stopped and the plug* at the bottom of the tank are renamed. The water drains nut nf each tank through the filter paper which collecta vi at the fiber renalning ATI-164 o .J in that task. The isterlor of the task la thoroughly washed to resort all fiber and transfer It to the filter .paper. The papers with their fiber are dried and veigi*d lad the percentage cf fiber fres each tank Is calculated. . Kst Banar-Hdtett systema consist of four tanks and therefore four screens, but flea site fractious are obtained since the material seine throng* the 2nst - screen to the drain Is measured as the difference between the weight of the original rareIs an* tie m cf the vtijrtrfcr fres the few tanks. A* vlth dry screening, the is 20 minutes except for the float grades vhleh use 30 minutes. }' Clsrk Classifier . ` tm test also consists of flowing water through a series of screens such as In the Bauer-MeBett teat. Tbe wait, as shown in Figure 3, consists of a seai- cylindrical tank with four rotating, circular, perforated discs or screens dividing the tank into four compartments. A 5-graa ample of fiber Is placed In the first . cdepartment with the discs rotating at US rpa and the water flow set at 12.5 liters per minute. ' After 6$ or 20 minutes depending on the grade of fiber, the water flow is stopped and the water from each cospartaent la drained through a filter paper in a drain cup as with the Bauer-Hcjlett. per fiber grades above kA, the disc openings are l/2, l/k, and 1/8 inch and 30 meab. A 100 mesh screen is used with the l/2 Inch opening disc removed for shorter gredes. In soae eases the fiber , length for each fraction is not deslpiated by the screen or plate opening, but rather the average length of each fraction is calculated from a microscopic ncesurenerrt of 50 representative fibers. These average lengths and weights of. - . --/ ' -----""rp-, ; VH' .= -'Vr'wlV 7 ATI-164 \~r o 13- J each freetlna sr* then uned to calculate aa arcrage length of fiber for the V. asple on a dart-free (e3ca 100 Beah) basis. Surface Area _ Air Peraeabllity The determination of surface area by air permeability is based on the flov of fluids through porous beds. The rate of flov or the pressure drop across the order for these relationship* to hold, it is Imperative that the porosity of the bed be essentially constant. With granular naterials, this can be done only by screening into fractions and testing each one, but vlth compressible caterials like asbestos fibers it only requires that a standard veight be compressed to a fixed volume. . All air permeability nethods use the technique of floving air through the porous bed. Hoverer, sons types neasure the pressure drop at a constant flov rate; others measure the voluae of flov at a constant pressure; and other* the tine for a knovn voluae of flov. The Dyekerhoff unit, shovn in Figure 6, is the aost videly used in the asbestos industry and is based on this last principle. * A 50-graa sanple is placed in a cylindrical container vlth a perforated plate on the bottoa and access to the atmosphere at the top. These are shovn in Figure 7. The sanple la cocpreised until the cap can be tvlsted into place to give a ^ plug of asbestos of a standard height. The cylinder containing the sanple is ATI . 0. .0 "l1*- '. then twisted onto the mat so that It Is connected to * rseoua ehasber. IS* meUac 1* eonplately entewtie la Its opemtion Croc this point ee. A hand wheel is tamed to apply a suction which creates a non ehssber and displaces naid la a 0-tube. She handwheel Is thea tamed to the Beaming position which ,* opeas op the vacuus chadhtr to the cylinder '* asbestos, aad air flow* rm the ataospfasre through the plug of asbestos aad lata the nevus chaahcr. Shis causes the field la the U-tube to return towards its original position. In .... rt*ct* a-t elrctrie probe which starts * clock aad subsequently can be retd off of s chart shoving surface area rs tine. _ The unit la calibrated by using capillary tubes standardised for the tine required to fill the Taeuua ehaaber with the tube substituted for the fiber. Calibration can also be acccrplished by using a standard sanple of known surface This unit is fast, gives reproducible results, and has little dependence on operator variability. Cas Adsorption '* The principle of this technique is the adsorption of a gas onto the surface of the oaterial being studied. If this adsorption is In a aonooolecular layer and the amount of pis adsorbed is known, the total area can be calculated by knowing the area covered by one molecule of the gas. ATI o . .v, ' ` -i^ j . 3a practice the sample Is placed la high vacuus spates and mil adsorbed molecules are reaored from the surface bp the high vacuus. Beat Is often ap plied to tbe staple to aid this desorption. A kabva volume of gas Is then ad mitted to the spates aad Is caused to adsorb oa the saaple bp levering the saaple te^eratare. Jbe amount adsorbed Is determined bp measuring `tbe loss la pressure la the spates, sad the surface area eaa then be ealeulated. Bnlike air permeability, vhleh mtasures onlp the area eosprislng the flev -r , " i'- - ; v. ; - - -' about 29 <5, meters by gas adsorption. In toe esse of quarts this ratio is only about 3 to 1 instead of 10 to 1, presusably because of tbe smoother surfaces and . lack of Internal pores. Suter-Vebb This is tbe test used to measure tbe length of asbestos fibers bp physical means. It Is s tedious technique aad tbe results axe highly dependent on the proficiency of the operator. - Fiber length Is measured oa a 200 eg saaple vhleh has been thoroughly eoabed ost la a special metal vire comb. After conblng, tbe fibers are placed la a aeries of slsllar cotabs spaced l/8-lach apart and vlth one end of each fiber protruding no more than l/8-lneb from the aet of cocbs. Cocbs axe dropped fron the other end of the fibers until the first fibers appear as shovn In Figure 9These ere extracted froo the comb and veighed. Their length is taken as l/8-lnch times the number of combs remaining plus l/l6 In. Another comb Is dropped and ATI-164 o. -l- tbe fibers extracted and vtltfaedw!B)ls process Is repeated until all the cochs are dropped. The artre** length of tbe fibers can then be calculated froa the sb of the weight tlaes the length for each group divided by the total velght. Water riutriatlon Test ' fhls Is a technique used to Beasure the aaount of buadlas or pit content la asbestos fiber. It is not m practical test for fiber grades above fc&. _ ef fiber in vater is added, dir is bubbled through the glrture to insure disper sion and then the air rate is set at $0 ee/ninute. vater is tuned on at 3500 ec/ Biimte vith the overflew going out the top and carrying vith it the finer particles - highly opened fiber. After 9 siautes, the air is tuned off and the vater flov rate is increased to 5^00 cc/alnute for another 5 ninutes. figure 10 shows a unit in operation vith the sore erudy and laager fiber concentrated near the bottea of the tube. . At the end of the test, the tube is drained into a beiher to collect the crude and grit mterlals. Theft- are filtered, dried, and weighed. If desired, the crude can be separated froa the pit by pulping the fiber and decanting it off. The re gaining grit is filtered out, dried, and weighed. Air Zlutrlatlon This is technique used to separate fine particles (below 1*0 ) froa as- ATI-164 O. V> * " -17 * . ) bertos. Sic unit consist* of an inverted long-tapered cone with an air inlet and , a pechanlcal agitator at the battoo, Tips* 11* Tbe top is connected to a dust bag which filters the air leaving tbe system. Tbe staple of fiber is charged into tbe unit through a small door In the side of the cone. Tbe air flow sad agitator are started vith the flov adjusted to give . a lrinlaai sate of 0.395 ft/see through the largest part of the esae. Anything rralier thas ho sierras vill be carried out to the dust beg'at this velocity and the acreen is classified as fiber, that in the pan Is listed as granuisn. --- dust content Is obtained by the difference between the ample weight and the com-, blued weights of the fiber and granular. A 5-gran saople Is used for group 3 fiber sad a 10-gran staple for ell others. In determining granular content, a 35 mesh screen is used for all groups except group 7 which uses a 28 pesh screen. Although the sanple Is separated Into three fractions by this test, the naaes of the fractions are based on particle size rather than actual shape or character. Tor instance, the dust fraction is any thing smaller than to microns and Z assure you that there is a lot of fiber In that portion, likewise, there may be large granular particles in the part called fiber and a lot of fiber In the granular fraction. However, the test Is useful to the asbestos fiber Industry. Alpine Test This test separates a fiber sample into three fractions ar In the air elu- ATI-164 0 -lB- triation test but uses a fine screen Instead of air elutrlatlsn to separate the float traction. A 200 aeth aereea la generally oaed and the tlaaa are pulled . through the aereea by a vacua* while a circulating air knife keepa bloving the tlber off the aereea to etir the fiber and prereat aereea blinding. A aalt la ahowa la figure 12. the plaa 200 aeah traetloa eaa be separated Into fiber aad Craaular parta by a ooe-alinite *o-Tap, aa la the Air Hutriatien teat. X 10-grtsa aaaple la oaed and the teat la raa for 10 dnutea. tolerate a dark aabcitoa without externire use of whitening agents. 3 .* . In testing for color a dry pellet of asbeitos la Bade by eospresaing a 10- gres staple of fiber In a 1-l/S-laeh dimeter cylinder with a stress of 16,000 pal oa the asbestos pellet, la this condition the pellet eta be easily handled. The eolor la oeasurtd la a photovolt photoelectric reflection aeter with green, sober, aad blue filters. The unit la calibrated with a standard reflectance plague by setting the gslvaaoaeter at the reading specified for the plaque. The fiber pellet Is substituted for.the plaque anA the color rating read directly off the galvanoaeter. A good color asbestos will range froa & to 70 units as cos- ' - pared to a value above 9 for tltanla. ' Cheslcal Analysis Standard techniques are used to make eheoical analyses of asbestos, and I a= ^ not going into any detail on the specific procedures used. Suffice it to say that *4-Ph S ,,vW ATI O. . ;' -1- -1 ' the sort mjnn tests are for cations mad water content. The elsaents soft coa- na1j tested for art eagnesiua, silicon, iron, alualzsiD, mad ealeiua. A more collate analysis mid include nickel, poiassiua, sodlua, phosphorous, titaniua, aaaeaaecc, eobmlt, weary, eoppcr, lead, aai sulfur. All of these are generally reported ms the more common oxide. Water can include both the absorbed eater driven off at about 220T which Is usually in the range of cos to two per cent, aad mebined water which la driven off by ignition at IflOOT aad say include other Tolatiles or oxidation. Coablaed water will wary froa 12 to lty for chrysotile b"* it esly absrut Si ft- the e-neii* s_- tr .'. portion i; evaporated aad the dried residue is proportional ttf the content of vnter-soluhle naterial. Another portion of the water filtrate is tested for shlorid* ecnteat. The Voliard aethod which precipitates the chloride vith silver titrate is generally used because it gives the accuracy desired in the parts per million range generally encountered.' The test is carried out at a neutral pH using a potssslua chrooate indicator. It is accurate down to about 10 parts per slllion. Water solubles will generally be In the range of 0.10$ to 0.35$ while chlorides 'will wary frca a trace to 0.20$ (2000 ppa). . 21 ' Determinations of pH can be Bade by any standard ssethod but a pH Deter utilixlng a standard glass and calooel electrode is a convenient technique. Special care oust be taken in these neasureoents because a higher value will be obtained if the electrode tips are in the slurry than if they are in the supernatant liquid.  - or.- &&&& ATI-164 o 20- Tda*i can range froa 9.20 la tbe aupermatant liquid to 10.33 Is ths slurry oa the use sa^ila. nectrlcil Properties Volume Kesistivltr Ibis test procedure follows tbe requirements given la JSSU 0-257- Isaestlally it consists la coapresslag about 20 peas of asbestos at 260.ps! la aa Insulated 230T and tested. The seat sasple Is then ccadltioasu Sox Tk nears *- t>.- iu.~ 50 relative koadlty sad tested, finally, the ssae sasple Is' tested after con ditioning for 16 hours at 75F and Slf relative humidity. Our test lshoratcry is maintained at the secoad condition and a saturated aodiua tartrate solution vill give the third condition. Values for resistivity vill range froa about 500 for the best ehrysotlles under the dry condition to less than 0.005 fr a poor chrysotile at 91^ husldlty. >bsnetic Hating ' ,, - This la aa espiriesl muster that relates the electromagnetic effect of sn . unknown sasple of asbestos vs a standard sasple. I vill cover only the basic mechanists.' Ten grass of asbestos are placed in a test tube In a coll vtaleh forms one arm of an Inductance bridge. The other arm is a similar inductance and the rebalance required measures the magnetic rating. tm test measures the magnetic effect of iron cospounds in the sasple and depends on the permeability, sire, shape, and orientation of the particles as . ATI-164 o -21- 'vcll as tbs quantity. The procedure Is siren la ASTH D-1118. Haguetie ratings for asbestos vlll range troo aero to as high as h.6. Ceoduetsaee This Is a test that Is used to give an indirect aeasure of the Ionic vater solubles la asbestos. A 50-graa saaple of asbestos Is extracted overnight vltb JOO al of vater at reca texperature aad the conductivity, or rather resistance, rf the fir Irate Is j*Murefi. Conductance Is reported ts terra of Bierc=hos/c=, increase the conductivity and tie value sinply states that the sane conductivity vould be obtained if that quantity of sodiua chloride vere la" the vater. Equiva lents of sodiua chloride of about 0.05 to 0.lU correspond to conductances of 100 to 300 alcroahos/ca. Bcfereaces _ 1.. She Properties of Asbestos.H.The Pemlty aad Structure of Chrysotile. y. L. puadseefc, J. of Physical Cheditry, 0, 363- (1956) ATI-164 0 7) FIGURE 1. TENSILE TESTER y FIGURE 2. QUEBEC STANDARD TEST UNIT ATI-164 j FIGURE 3. RO-TAP TEST UNIT 3 ) FIGURE 4. BAUER MtNETT TEST UNIT ATI-164 o. ~~ jt\ r. " .o ATI-164 V /Ml* ' 3 FIGURE 1 *ECH*N1SM OF DYCKERHOFF TESTER -: yBBss-S- ATI-164