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Industrial Hyg me Digest INDUSTRIAL HEAL! LITERATURE ABS! MEDICAL < ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL JEWS CTS NOVEMBER, 197 (VoL 35, No. 11) INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION 5231 CSMni AVXNUI KTTSBUBO& PA. 13332 01 133 0548 y ,v: ?m y- ' ; ; .!* 1* I i i i\ i i. I . \ 8- i r i ri. L Industrial Health Foundation. munm no raapaniibllily for atatamonta In arttdao abalrabod In Digaat or for malarial, from other organintione which may be cam to mambaca hum lima to thno. Tha Digaat'a condensation of artldat at . wall aa literature not originating within tha Foundation, ara mada available to our -L - PI !3i P5M2.01 ! I 1 s FOUNDATION FACTS i i' ____ 37th ANNUAL MEETING - OCTOBER 10-11, 1972 - WILLIAM PENN HOTEL, PITTSBURGH, PENNS1LVANIA STAFF ACTIVITIES: Many individuals outside of industry (labor prepared to apply, to teach, and to counse those in the public who have questions about or who have a nee Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSAHA), especially with regard environment for reasons of employee safety and health protect: three talks during the month: 1) On November 5, he spoke to Hampton High School (north of Pittsburgh) in a Chemical Safety of the American Chemical Society on "The Application and Comm, our Industrial Society"; 2) On November 11, he spoke of the panel on employee health and safety during the Industry-Goverr Comnittee Conference of the National Association of Hanufactur November 13, he presented a paper on "Bioeffects of Certain Re Tri-State Region of the American College of Physicians and the at Hontefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh. In his talks to high school chemistry teachers, hospital : medicine and diagnosticians (internists, radiologists, patholo; his listeners to seek assistance through their own technical 1 assistance from IHF In Technical Information Research. A rela* public libraries have subscribed to IMF's monthly Industrial h but the majority will not become aware of the existence of thi communicate that a need exists. In helping to further closer liaison between occupational the Foundation's 36th Annual Meeting, Mrs. Corey, who attended 25-28, and who agreed to serve, was elected to the Executive Co National Safety Council. Mrs. Carry, who was also recently app Committee of the Pennsylvania Library Association, has establis library and a high school library in the area of Pittsburgh in hunan ecology and to assist them in gaining entree to the inter and occupational health. ____________ Or. Gross attended, a meeting ofthg^Amnrlcan. Conference of Limits Comnittee, of which he is a maiberv on November 18 in Cir management) and government need to be their day-to-day professional activities, enow the provisions of the Occupational andards of control of the industrial In this regard. Dr. dsTrsvillo gave school chemistry teachers and students at siun sponsored by the Pittsburgh section on of Toxicological Research Findings in :t of OSAKA on Conmunlty Health" in a Dialogue for Action" Joint Policy iAM) in Washington, O.C.; 3) On ole Fibrous Ousts" at a meeting of the sylvania Society of Internal Medicine ssional staffs, private practitioners of etc.). Dr. dsTrsvills has encouraged ins, who in turn may wish to request small but growing number of large Oioest since pre-World War II days, jful reference unless prospective users :y e : health, along lines discussed at 1971 National Safety Congress, October tee the Chemical Section of the *d t the Educational and Scholarship 'iai:- n with head librarians of a public - to raluate their needs in the area of :ry i ..an system in areas of environmental -nw >tal Industrial Hygienists Threshold :at1. VISITORS: Among distinguished visitor*, to IHF headquarters durlr tne ewnth were several from other countries. The morning of Noveober 3 Dr. Antonio Vinos FontanaIs, ,-slef, and Dr. Hanual Basslga Monts, Technical Supervisor, representing the. Technical Provincial Cabinet of tie Spanish Ministry of Labor were received. The same afternoon. Dr^R. Bte&\ who Is. In charge of the Medical and Health Center for Sony Corporation, Tokyo. Japan, and Dr. Nobuk&o Maruohi of the American Health Foundation, New Tort, visited the Foundation. Dr. Million Chapman of AustreMa end Dr. Thorstoin QvtMo of Norway; guests of Drs. Milos 0. Colusll and Million h. Dotson of the Aluelma Company of America, visited IHF headquarters and Mellon Institute of Camegi e-Mel Ion University, subsequently joining a luncheon for the Pittsburgh Society of Occupational 01 133 0541 1 . . ' .. i Physicians at the Harmarville Rehabilitation'CehEef t'b receive a briefing-Oh long-range planning to improve both rehabilitation services and disability evaluations Industry's employees. TLV'S: Included with this issue are the.Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants, Threshold Limit Values of Physical Agents and Notice of Intended,Oianges.adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists for 1971. These values are reprinted each year for the convenience of Foundation members, with the permission of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. IfF TRAINING COURSE FOR PUNT AfODEPARftENTAL MANAGERS: |a training course on Bepiager'e ieepaneibintiee and Bnployeee' Eighte Under the Aet will be conducted by IHF. staff personnel on December 7-8 at Foundation headquarters. This is the first in a series of courses planned in which emphasis will be on training andequipping with teaching aids persons who will ; subsequently serve as instructors in-plant In their individual organizations. Announcements have been mailed i to members and registrations are how being received bn a "first come, first served* basis as the number of registrants will be limited. , Ilf CONING EVENTS - CIRCLE TIE DATES ON YOUR CALENDAR NOW : January 19-20, 1972 March 7-8, 1972 Heat Street Uorkehop will be jointly sponsored by the Department of Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh. 8th Engineering Dieauseiondl William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. ' INDUSTRIAL HVGI0E HIGHLIGHTS - UXifE 1 - $20.00 per copy ^Quantity dieaounte available on request ' Order from: Induetrial Health Foundation, 5231 Centre Avenue -' ' "1 Pitteburgh, Femeylvania 15232 President Robert f. P. deTreville, M.D.,ScJh? 1 Health, and ', H.D. Executive Vice President- Harry H. bowman ! " fleS Madeline f " Digest ' t: . - .s'. *i . tv 01 133 0550 ! ! ! ! I i INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FEATURES SCREENING FOR HETEROZYGOUS ai-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY RESPIRATORY MECHANICS - AIRWAY COLLAPSE ISSUES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE STANDARDS FOR THE PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL LEAD POIS MERCURY ANALYSES AND TOXICITY THERMAL LIMITS FOR INDUSTRIAL WORKERS HEALTH HAZARDS OF A COMPRESSED-AIR ENVIROMENT DIAGNOSTIC RADIATION AND PROTECTION OF PATIENT DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTES THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OF 1970 SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY: INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS - ABST. - ABST. - ABST. -- ABST. -- ABST. - ABST. - ABST. - ABST. - ABST. -- ABST. - ABST. 1163 1173 1178 1183 1184 1203 1206 1211 1217 1231 1241 TABLE OF CGNTBfTS THIS ISSUE CONTAINS ABSTRACT NUMBE' >1241 In Memorial)) - Theodore C. Waters, Sr.................................... i Editorials Second Heat Stress Workshop Scheduled for January 1: Triage: An Essential Element in Provision of IHF Se New Direction in IHF Occupational Safety and Health and Educational Services..................................................... 1972............................................ u iii ch iv Threshold Limit Values....................................................................... v News Items................................................................................................. 1 Coming Events ........................................................................................ 7 Legal Developments. ........................................................................... 7 Books, Pamphlets and Notices......................................................... 10 Industrial Medical Practice ......................................................... 14 Skin Diseases and Burns.................................................................. 18 Chemical Hazards.................................................................................... 19 Industrial Dusts.................................................................................... 22 Physical Aspects of the Environment........................................ 25 Radioactivity and X-Radiation ......................................................... 27 Environmental Measurements............................................................................... 2B Preventive Engineering.............................................................................................................................................. 2B Conmunity Air Hygiene........................................................................... 29 Management Aspects.................................................................................... 31 Accidents and Prevention....................................................................... . ........................................33 Index............................................................................... 36 Addresses of Journals Abstracted........................................................................................................................ 38 IHF WELCOMES EDITORIAL MAHER FROM ALL MEMBER COMPANIES PERTAINING TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PROGRAMS. PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENTS 01 133 0SSl IN MEMORIAL THEODORE C. WATERS IHF Trustee The staff of the Industrial Health Foundai of the death of Mr. Theodore Waters on Friday, of personal loss. -eceived the announcement er 15, with a deep feeling Mr. Waters was a forerunner of today's lec ' health. A native of Baltimore, he attended Bo} from the Augusta Military Academy near Stauntor year he studied at the Harvard Law School, and the University of Maryland Law School at which firm of Miles and Stockbridge in Baltimore. Mr defending corporations against suits involving and soon became an authority in this field. He regulations on the use of harmful substances in ohasis on occupational tin School and graduated ginia in 1917. The next ear? later graduated from ne joined what is now the ers began to specialize in > ft~ occupational deseases ed several states draft tria; plants. During his busy years as legal counsel, Mtime and wisdom to IHF on matters of legal con From 1962-1964, he was Chairman of the IHF Lege Executive Committee, and Chairman of the Policy originally with Alfred C. Hirth, Owens-Illinois Institute of Industrial Medicine, New York Unive Andrew Kalmykow, Counsel, American Insurance Ass Committee Chairman, Mr. Waters has lent guidance growth and development. He served as a Trustee . and has been Trustee Emeritus since 1964. ers ave untiringly of his o i* member companies. mit .-e, Memoer of the Fla ling Cormittee. Working s C.., Anthony J. Lanza, M.O., y, c id more recently with tior oresent IHF Legal IHF n every stage of its HF's Board from 1941-1964 Mr. Water's contribution to our specialty f has been great and his devotion to IHF's needs and problems have had imr jrab e value. We shall miss his wit, his warmth and his erudition, but his per tnal example will remain with us as a model of character and loyalty to the igh .deals contained in IHF's mission. 01 133 0552 jrfi SECOND ED I TOR11 AL STRESS WORKSHOP SCHEDULED FOR JANUARY 19-20. 1972 Numerous replies hav 8-71, "Assessment of Heat Symposium on Heat Stress in carrying out their re been received on tear sheets from IHF Engineering Series Bulletin No. tress and Strains," indicating interest in participating in a proposed end information and support to efforts of Federal standards setters Abilities under the Occupational Safety and .Health Act of 1970. As a result of this jression of interest, pl'ans are being made to hold another workshop on January 19-20, 1972 in order to collect 1) all available information on environmental bioeffects from heat stress based on experience of industrial populations and 2) new data developed in governmental and industr-. research programs during 1971 using the guidelines contained in the above mentioned bulletin An announcement Is that abstracts be submi at the time of the wori considered to be most l structure the proposed and support materialize (UPGSPH) - Department o IHF has agreed to chair Environmental Physioloc towards development an- ng mailed separately to those who have expressed interest requesting by January 7 in order that these may be reproduced and distributed From among these workshop presentations will be selected those in support of criteria,development and these will be used to help Stress Symposium somewhat later in the year, if sufficient interest xpected. University of{Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health -upational Health Chairman Dr. David Minard, who is Science Advisor to workshop in January and he and Dr. H. S. Bel ding, Professor of i Occupational Health at UPGSPH, will help guide industry's contributions plication of meaningful criteria on which to base control standards. The data presents this workshop will be available in time to~be introduced into discussion of heat, stress and strains in the session on Threshold Limit'Values at the 24th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of f,:upational Medicine on February 10, in which several leading scientific and technical experts or -at physiology will participate, from industry and government as well as universities. Findings of both of tne above meetings should be of very real value to representatives of IHF's member companies who participate in the 8th Annual Engineering Discussional on Marsh 7-8, at which one full sessior will deal with a comparison of costs and benefits of various types of controls of heat hazards in the industries represented. - This session holds special interest because of interpretations of the "general duty" clause 5(a)l under the Occupational Safety and Health Act regarding "recognized hazards": if these are recognized industry-wide, individual plants will not be allowed to escape penalty for non-compliance based on "ignorance." Participation in the IHF Engineering Oiscussional should help our members control problems of heat stress, which are being awarded high level priority by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. --R. T. P. deT. Editor's .Vote: For purposes of accuracy, we are/making the following changes in our Engineering Bulletin #8-71, "Assessment of Heat Stress and Strains", and our readers wlllwish to do the same: (1) On p.-.vl, lines 12-15, change the sentence to read: Dr. Henschel showed the heat iri work limits.originally prepared for surface mining (e.g. heavy equipment erators) and which had been modified and proposed for general use by tf merlcan Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). (2) On page idd to heading: "Notice of Intent to Establish Threshold Limit Value - f--.it Stress, by the TLV Physical Agents Coomittee of ACGIH." (3) On page 14, line 16, change "0.22" to "0.1!". W'183 Should the bulletin be reprinted, these changes will be m ii. 0553 --M. C. C. - Incustnal Hvgyg^e ^ :e EDITORIAL TRIAGE: AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT IN PROVISION OF IHF SERVICES As stated by Or. G. H. Collings, Jr., Chairman of he Occupational Health Institute, and others at the 36th Annual Meeting of IHF, the Occ ional Safety and Health Act of 1970 obsoletes the employer's option of whether or r have any occupational safety and health program to protect his employees. Under ew Act, employers, per se, have this responsibility, under penalty of law; and spe: ed Occupational Safety and Health personnel function in an advisory nature. Managemer ill levels, especially the highest, must take an interest, therefore, in the me m which a wide variety of employee safety and health related tasks are being r this increasing interest has been need for immediate employee safety and health protection programs as de red and reported. One result of ration of various aspects of ed by Leo Teplow, Consultant, Organization Resources Counselors, Inc., (Industrie' me Digest Book Review #24, January 1971) in order to be prepared for OSHA inspections, insoections will be performed in most cases by individuals who have been primarily t: anc experienced in safety; yet, the great majority of problems are expected to occur re area of health. It has been anticipated therefore, (and experience in the six me be true) that the demands upon industrial hygiene er will need to be developed which uses to bes.t advant nder the Act has proved this to -s will mushroom; and a system - ability in IHF to evaluate, quantitate and devise and document adequacy of con: or occupational health hazards. Many years ago in Volume I of Industrial Hygier. Tot 'dogy (Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1948) Frank A. Patty of General Mote -por '.cion described the following types of industrial hygiene "in-plant" surveys: a. Preliminary or "walk through" to tai further survey is needed and if so v venrory and decide if '-ypt b. Instrmented survey, where indicatec c. Combined medical and environmental s and/or complaints on the part of emp wh.re there is illness es. d. Research - epidemiological studies ( both environmental and biological as: biostatlstical research design. labc atory studies) having ;, a d using sound Under the new Act, behavioral as well as the classical :tholc?ical and clinical aspects of occupational safety and health investigations are st ssed and will become of importance to design engineers. Triage, or sorting,to be effective, regi-ires the highest possible professional skill. In order to make best use of available expertise, in expectation of a rapidly expanding demand for occupational safety and health field services in IHF, a triage function described in the Editorial on page iv, is being Implemented. --R. T. P. deT. ill. 01 133 0554 t >vw. -yrsas. -- '* - EDI T^O R I A L -M DIRECTION IN IHF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY. AND HEALTH RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES To initiate an effective triage Function in establishment ofapriorities and in delivery of occupational safety and health services of all types within its membership (as described in the Editorial on p. ) IHF nas createdithe position.ofDirector, Occupational Health and Safety Services and assigned * Ms. new post to; Dr. Daniel C>, Braun (see Industrial HygieneOigest p. i, August 1970), who has been Manager of Occupational Medicine Services since 1970 and Chairman of IHF`s Medical Committee si nee 1963,. and whose training and experience in such matters is outstanding, in every r--upset;' Or. Braun is one r been spent, since his the very few physicians in the U.S. whoseentire medical career has duation'from the University of P.ijttsburgh School of Medicine in 1937, in providing occupatic safety and health services of one type; or another to industry. After hospital residency tra- mg in the surgery of trains. Or. Braun joined the Pittsburgh Coal Company, becoming Medical Direr, r.in 1944; As Pittsburgh Coal Company (now Consolidation Coal Company) was a member of the Foundation, he worked closely with the staff of IHF's fellowship at Mellon Institute and actively artieipated in pneumocpniosis research.; In 1950, Or. Braun joined the Foundation's staff fu ime as Medical. Director, "serving, also as Lecturer in Occupational Medicine in the Depart of Occupational Health ,of the Uni varsity of Pittsburgh's Graduate School of Public Heal * which he had helped its chairman. Dr. A: 6. Rammer to organize.) During the next 8 years. Dr Improve their occupa- run assisted IHF member companies of all .sizes and types, to develop and *1 health programs in administration, facilities design, in epidemiological research studies, anc as Assistant Medical develop an occupation- consumer education:% In 1957, he- left IHF's staff to accept an appointment :tor, United States Steel to help Foundation Trustee Or. Robert O'Connor with program which won the Industrial Medical Association Awaird for greatest progress in 1 . In his work at United States SteeT Dr. Braun directed the health services rendered by hundreds of physicians some of whom performed comprehensive and some limited services for the operating divisions and subsidiary companies which Or. Braun served as consultant. Among these was the Ame'ican-Bridge Division whose safety director-wortied closely with Or. Braun in all health -elated.matters. . <: : Referring to the s^jeral types of Industrial Hygiene Surveys described by Frank A. Patty and cited in the editoriaT on,p.Ill, Or.-Braun has worked within and directed services not only in each category, but in safety as well. His extensive experience;and expertise make him the logical member of IMF's staff to perform the needed(triage function in ali areas of occupational safety and health.. An important result of the appointment of Or. Braun as a ``generalist" in regard to the Occupational Safety arid Health Adninistratibh will be to direct field studies requiring instnmentat-an and/or engineering desigh Vnd controls. In this regard, IHF's role will increasingly be that of "broker catalystVobtainlngandusing services of well qualified experts in various disciplines within studies'planned,' administered and reported by IMF. Long range plans call ^or inyqlvement of Fellows in Training in Occupational Safety and Health in IHF's programs in every discipline of environmental and occupational health required to provide comprehen - coverage of the needs of: the Foundation's members. In this way, IHF will be in a good pc on to extend:into the employee safety and health field the important recruitment and educ<- oal function begun in Mellon.Institute, which has caused the Mellon Institute to be call* ne "West.Point" of Ameri can Indus try. Companies expecting to increase ihe manlier of prpfessidnalsMn the field of occupational safety and health should express their needs to IHF without delay in order to help ensure that they are met. 01 133 0555 --R. 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Si i> a S3 o a 0 c V S > X 13 0 3 "9 C 0 C 0 u 0 > 6 o 0 0 0 fa 00 c 0 U > c 0 u V s < 0 X 00 T h re sh o ld L im it V alues r T S as jai C B5 4U5 Is Si i I I P IK 1 *s - 2tsa SA V i; .al ae 2 & SSs* ho j u u S 3 o The commute holds to the opinion that lim its based on physical irrita tio n should be considered no less binding than those based on physical im pairm ent. There is in - I9 [ I \ < } . b , m 0 a -a M f %O O w# m v & v o v ILS s3 >. SS tJ 0 - 2 0 9 <5 * t -8 Is5 5 o 41 8 iiN-1 i "9 SI'S'StS X 71 -a m~ <S8 b >h , ^ O S$29wls|w nSJ 2 tJ .C 0*0 la ..A g ** , s -J'fl 11*5.21. 8||I1S X m--3 fei"2V yt 2,5 5 d X q 'Sn " 2 .la m >,11 Ilf1 Ssc5 &*5 f M -Iasse? 4= 2 *5! P0 8.5 I -- 9 s 0 0 la m w. group are substances which are predomi- nantty fast acting and whose threshold lim it is more appropriately based on this p a rtic u la r response. 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O os a* 4) , O V V fa < 2 Z * V *v V V v 2 cA 2 0 5 > V X 05 e o cn o 2 ffl g e w a eo 4 ffl 04 A v Z A a o a 9 1 a |s o <M < k. 01 133 0569 h <S tSi SS 2 ui *4 Mi 5*2 fi pi 0w, ATS 2m+ ?s*i? a i r iCV'S^Ci'*, Volume XXXV Number 11 sii Centre -<en..e Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYG ENE DIGEST LITERATURE AND NEWS NEWS ITEMS 1130 EMOTIONALISM CITED IN POLLUTION EFFORTS. American industry's efforts to improve the environment are being handicapped by legislation and regulations "based on incomplete, inconclusive and inaccurate information," Miles 0. Colwell, M.D., vice president-health and environment for Aluminum Co. of America, told a meeting of the Inland Empire Waterways Association. "There is evidence that some states are ignoring completely the social and economic impact of their proposed and promulgated emission regulations. Their actions may well contribute to limiting the construction of new and the expansion of old facilities. They may unnecessarily restrict the production of consumer goods, the rendering of necessary service, and the creation of new jobs." He predicted that adequate environmental control would cost the nation "billions of dollars in the near future." Much early environmental legislation was unduly influenced "by emotionalism and . irrational rhetoric." Too often, he said, timetables for improving conditions are arbitrary and unreasonable. While deadlines for halting toxic effluents from industrial facilities should be "quick, hard and fast," such harsh action against marginal plants with only "nuisance-type" emissions may force them to close because they don't have time to comply with restrictions. Pollution never will be eliminated. Or. Colwell declared. "Pollution unfortunately is a by-product of production. The pristine environment sought by idealists and visionaries will come on the day we do away with jobs, with industry, with automobiles and airplanes, the day we begin to do without heat and light, the day we stop producing mountains of solid waste, in short, on the day man disappears from the face of the earth." --Pittsburgh Post-Gazette October 19, 1971 Editor's Note: Reinforcing Dr. Colwell's opinions in an editorial viewpoint entitled "No quick and easy solutions" Abel Wolman of Johns Hopkins University quotes Publilius Syrus: $ententiae,(c.50 B.C.) as follows: "What is done hastily cannot be done prudently" citing the recent coimentary of the General Accounting Office (GAO) on the accomplishments, or the lack of them, in pollution abatement to justify the quotation. The American public, its vocal leaders, and its vociferous groups nave given almost unanimous consent to the desire for protecting and enhancing the quality of our environment. Legislators have rushed through the passage of dozens of bills translating this public enthusiasm into legislative fiat. Now comes the GAO with the not surprising suggestion that the decibels of rhetoric far exceed the record, of accomplishment. It is not improbable that as much money was spent for abatement before the great surge of federal acts as after. Of greater significance to the citizen, however, is the official stand that the legal club is the answer to the environmental prayer. The deliberate policy, to make up for lost time and to erase all of the sins of the past, is to haul all offenders into court. This has a fascination for all devotees of an improved quality of life. Since even this policy is too slow for some, it Is now being suggested that offenders be prosecuted upon a showing that they have violated a set of standards to be written into future law. Away with slothful administrators, less than diligent courts, and conniving violators. A charming accompaniment of this desire for the "Instant enzyme" of corrective is the advent of the espionage system now being enthusiastically supported by some. If you detect a violation, report it. If the violator is convicted and fined, you get half the 1. 01 133 0584 -yl^. finei A true neignborly virtue nowbeirtg'nurtured in the great ycause of environmental Detection ! (with the presided legal sanction of "the'bounty hunter" provision in the 1899 Rivers and Harbors Act). A more subtle, and perhaps more damaging, principle has emerged >n the last few years, also assumed to S' be warranted in the good cause. It has been publicly paraphrased in the statement that "if you are i '' ignorant of the possible effect of a material of an action* prohibit its use or its implementation." 1 On the face of it. this pronouncement makes sense, but on examination it moves into nonsense. There ! really can be no answer;to: the casuistry embodied in the question "Who knows, but that such and such > might some day do something?," If applied to anything we do or have done, the answer is bound to be less than definitive. The real difficulty in quick end easy solutions to problems generated in the-environment rests forever in the fact that the.issues are rarely, if ever, black or white. Their diagnosis and ; ultimate solution to the degradation,they may or may not create lie in a joint assessment of tangible i. and intangible benefits and costs. Such assessments are complex, time consuming, irritating, and ! inevitably unsatisfactory to some. ' / -Environ. Scl. Technol. 5: 981 (Oct.) 1971 j 1131 UB(W DEPARTMENT'S STANDARO FOR ASBESTOS CHAUiENGED. > ^` ' A New York physician associated with studies relating to asbestosis, a lung, disease found among insulation workers, has taken strong exception to the Labor Department's standard for asbestos exposure among ; workers. In a letter to the'Labor Secretary, Irvin J. Selikoff, M.D., chief. Division of Environmental Medicine, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York City, said, the asbestos standard published by the Labor Department as part of its initial standards package "is so wrong, and represents.such serious hazard to workmen, j that I advise its urgent revision." The standard for asbestos1 would Allow workmen to be exposed to environments containing as many as 12 fibers per cubic centimeter of air, Dr. Selikoff noted. "Our j research in one asbestos trade- insulation work demonstrates that work in the past in areas with j levels of two to three fibers per centimeter of air has resulted in a very great increase of death due | to cancer and to asbestosis."' Or. Selikoff also stated in his letter that the proposed level is much | higher than actually now exists. "It is so high as to make totally ineffective current efforts by j both industry and labor to control this unhappy.occupational health hazard." ! < . --Occ. Safety,A Health Reporter p. 361 Sept. 9, 1971 j Editor's Sots: The Threshold Limit- Value >(TLV) notice of, intended changes for 1971 published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (see Nov. 1970 issue of the Industrial Hygiene Digest) on Asbestos cites not 12 but S fibers per cc. This is an intended value which is subject to ( revision at any time that, new data becomes available: allTL intended values were scheduled to be j reconsidered at the November 18 and 19 meeting of the TLV Committee, the British proposal (2 fibers j Sum/cc) among them. The results of this re-evaluation will be incorporated in the intended changes for ' 1972 which are published in January ordinarily in the;Industrial. Hygiene Digest. -P. G. 1132 CABINET HEALTH DEPARTMENT URGED. r . Legislation to create a separate federal Department of Health with Cabinet rank,and direct access to the President will be introduced soon by Rep. Paul G. Rogers (D., Fla.), House Comnerce Subcommittee chairman. The new health post he suggests would be headed up by "a good attainistrator" and "a top medical officer", such as the surgeon,general-of the. U.S.; Public,Health Service. Announcing his plans at the American Hospital Association's,,recent annual convention, Repi Rogers said a separate department is needed because the Department of.Health, Education, and Welfare is overtaxed and "concern for health programs is,running a poor third. The nation's health needs have been relegated to stepchild status." ,,,'v '' --Amer. Med. News Sept. 6, 1971 Editor's Sots: Addressing the First National Association of Manufacturers Joint Policy Comittee Conference on "Industry-Government Dialogue for Action" oh November 11, Or. deTreville identified the above mentioned need recommefcc ig*that the individual chosen by President Nixon be an advisor who is a " v - " \2;.:--:i-i:far 183-;05a ,VH ..... . . <'}'" v,-V7* r physician deeply committed to health and safety ojf the public and tnus of the workforce, iwnicn makes j up such a large percentage of the adult' population of working age). It would be unfortunate to ' perpetuate any longer-than, necessary, a system which still' so often necessitates, "illness" or "injury" } as prerequisites tp authorization and ^delivery of) prepaid preventive health services to workers and' I their dependents. ~n. C. C. \ 1133 WHEN CONDUCTING SOME CHEMICAL REACTIONS BE SURE SUN IS RIGHT. j When a chemist cannot duplicate a reaction: he hast carried out before, he may shrug off his frustration : with a whimsical explanation, such as he stirred in.the wrong direction, it was the wrong sunspot j configuration, or the phase of the moon was wrong). No one has taken such explanations seriously until j recently when a group of Russian scientists reported on a reaction which seems to vary according to the ( season of the year (CHem. Abst., 1970, 72, li054dj. The reaction, a photocondensation of phenanthrene \ compounds with maleic anhydride by"artificial ultraviolet:and Infrared radiation followed three different reaction paths and yielded different ratios of products in spring, summer, and fall. The scientists conducted some 450 experiments' over a 3>s-year` period) They ruled out such-variables as reaction medium, temperature, and source, intensity, and wavelength of radiation. They finally concluded that { the yields of the various products "may be: influenced by factors which are determined by sun-earth j interactions." ", ' - ' ` --Chemistry 44: .5 (November) 1971 ! 1134 THREAT OF LEAD IN AIR QUESTIONED.; i According to a lengthy report by a National Research Council panel and prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency, the concentration of lead in.the air of central cities is not an "identifiable current threat" to the general population. 'In the.blood of the average city dweller, the lead j concentration, the report says/ is about half that necessary to cause biochemical changes in the body * and about one fourth that;at which the symptomsJof leadpoisoning begin to occur. Since airborne lead ` comes mainly from the combustion and dispersal of lead additives in gasoline, people exposed to unusually large amounts of automobile exhausts face a greater risk than does the average city dweller. | In this high-risk group are traffic policemen, garage workers; and automobile mechanics. to such greater hazards are workers in lead-using industries. Even they, however, would Also subject 1 have to j develop much higher blood-lead concentrations than ithey actually, do to show signs Of lead poisoning, the report says. In the biggest U.S. cities, the air contains an average of about 20 times as much i lead as does air in rural areas. However, because of the high degree of dispersal of automobile combustion products, the air's average lead content: in most major American cities has not risen appreciably in the j past 15 yean, despite the marked increase in the use of cars. j 1135 . X-RADIATION TO TELEVISION SERVICEMEN.. , , --Chem. Eng. News 49: v' ' ', . .. ~ 13 (Sept. 13)1971 .1 ' ; Television servicemen in some;Instances are exposed to small amounts of x radiation while working on color TV receivers but the public health significance.of their exposure is "minimal." This is the conclusion of a report by the HEW Bureau of Radiological Health on findings of an x-ray exposure survey of 70 Baltimore, Maryland TV repair shops. Bureau 01 rector John C. Vfllforth pointed out that servicemen, unlike color TV viewers, of,ten must be close to operating x-ray sources such as picture and high voltage tubes without the protection of receiver cabinet and internal shielding. Mr. Vi11 forth also noted that x-radiation rates inside the sets usually were found to be below 0.5 milliroentgen per hour, the Federal limit for x-ray emissions outside |TV receiver cabinets., This meant, he said, that in many cases the amount of x radiation penetrating the cabinets was "virtually.zero." (A milliroentgen is a thousandth of a roentgen, a unit for measuring x-ray. exposure.) The repair shop survey was conducted by the Bureau with the cooperation of the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the 3. 01 133 0586 Vv-:- Electronic Industries Association as a pilot survey to determine if television servicemen might be incurring undue x-ray exposure risks as a result of their work. "On the basis of information obtained in this study, we feel safe in saying that the health significance of x-radiation exposure to televisir. servicemen is minimal and that further efforts to evaluate occupational exposure to this group are unnecessary," Mr. Villforth said. "Under present circumstances, we do not see a need to establish a Federal limit on x-radiation rates inside TV receivers in addition to existing limitations on external x-ray emissions." --Ind. Med. Surg. 40: 36 (Aug.) 1971 1136 USERS MAY FACE NEW BARRIERS. The American National Standards Institute has drafted a proposed standard that calls for special precautionary measures with lasers of more than 0.04 milliwatts - a tiny fraction of the 5-milliwatt limit currently accepted by the industry as harmless. It is argued that "If the standard is set anywhere near the level they are talking about, it would destroy 951 of the applications for low pow?r lasers." More than 90S of the 50,000 or 60,000 lasers in existence are considered low-powered, that is, having ratings of 5 milliwatts or less. One company claims that experiments with monkeys prove that the threshold for "detectable" eye damage is in the neighborhood of 7 to 10 milliwatts and that the threshold for skin injuries is higher. Unfortunately, there is wide disagreement on this point within the scientific community. But this week the Electronic Industries Association submitted a reoly to ANSI citing 26 research papers that back up this claim. The EIA agrees that a tough limit should be set for lasers someone might stare into. But it argues that ANSI should allow 5-milliwatt lasers to be used unrestricted when only occasional glances at them are anticipated. An ANSI committee will meet later this month to consider argunents before drawing up a formal proposal. Many laser makers are confident that a standard that is more "practical" than the preliminary version will be adopted. But George M. Uilkening, chairman of the ANSI committee and head of health and safety at Bell Labs, warns that, in drafting the preliminary version, "We took questions of practicality into consideration." --Business Week (2196) p. 30 (Oct. 2) 1971 1137 PENCIL CHEWERS BEWARE. Studies on lead in the paint of various brands of pencils have been done by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. It found that most contained levels in excess of the maximun IX recoqnized as safe by the American National Standards Institute. In the covering lacquer, one particular brand of pencils contained about 12X lead. Similar studies conducted in New York City revealed that lead paints were detected in 17 different brands of pencils manufactured by six different companies. Nearly one third of the pencils tested exceeded the IX safe level. The Washington, D.C., Health Department found that yellow and green pencils, as well as large round pencils used routinely in the District's primary grades, also contained excessive amounts of lead. Recalling hazardous pencils is the responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration. However, results of FDA's initial tests revealed that a chromate salt, lead chromate, is the principal compound in pencil paints and some authorities say that lead chromates are not dangerous because they are insoluble in water. Others disagree, and say that lead chromate and elemental lead are Indeed hazardous. When Ingested, they enter an acid medium in which they are soluble. Nevertheless, the FDA will not label the salt dangerous until sufficient evidence is available. The pencil Industry has promised not to produce pencils coated with lead-containing paint. But, on the other hand, no plans have been made to recall pencils already marketed. --Chemistry 44: 5(Nov.) 1971 ( A'' 01 133 0587 4. H38 environmental agency reviewing two pesticides. The pesticides chlorodane and heptachlor are undergoing "extensive review" by the Environmental Protection Agency to determine if any of the uses for which they're currently registered are endangering the environment. The agency said all uses of the two chemicals are being looked into, but their application for control of soil insects', household insects, termites and foilage insects as well as lawn management are of "particular concern." The review is part of the government's ongoing analysis of all persistent pesticides. This category includes all chemicals in the aldrin-toxaphene group of organo-chlorines, to which chlordane and heptachlor belong. All of these, to a greater or lesser extent, require time to break down into harmless components. Precise government figures on chlordane-heptachlor use aren't available, but one analyst estimated that they accounted for a sizable amount of the 88.6 million pounds of organochlorines produced in 1970. This figure, in turn, compared with that year's total pesticide production of nearly 1.2 billion pounds. Interested persons have until Oec. 5 to submit their chlordane and heptachlor views to EPA. --Wall Street J. Oct. 18, 1971 1139 LITHIUM IN WATER. Admissions to Texas state mental hospitals are lowest in areas where lithium levels in community water supplies and in human urine are high, says Dr. Earl 8. Dawson of the University of Texas medical branch, Galveston. (Lithium carbonate has been approved by FOA for treatment of manic depressive psychosis and is reported effective for other psychological problems.) Or. Dawson says the correlation holds for adnissions for psychosis, neurosis, and personality problems, but not for schizophrenia, alcoholism, drug abuse, or mental retardation. --Chem. Eng. News 49: 47 (Sept. 13) 1971 1140 AIR BAGS FACE A SHOWDOWN FIGHT. The air bag's problems are the extreme noise as the bag pops open and the danger that the explosively inflating bag itself can Injure an occupant who is not in the normal sitting position. With a controlled- flow system, the noise is now down below 140 decibels. However, this noise reduction is accomplished only by a compromise: slowing the rate at which the air bag inflates. Without this, the noise level is still at least 157 decibels. Such a noise, like that of a shotgun fired in a confined space, can cause hearing loss, not to mention its effect on people with weak hearts. The industry cites other problems with the air bag as well. Sooner or later, no matter how reliable the design is, a malfunctioning sensor is bound to trigger inflation inadvertently as a driver is speeding along at 70 mph. The sudden appearance of the bag could cause a fatal accident. Any number of things can go wrong, the auto makers point out, with a system that may lie dormant for eight or ten years before it is activated for the first time. Auto company spokesmen and other critics of air bags generally concede the effectiveness of the bags in frontal impacts, but they doubt the value of the air bag in a lateral collision and insist it is useless in a rear impact or a rollover. Moreover, they point out, the bag automatically deflates after the initial impact and thus offers no protection as the car caroms off other objects. They shudder at the thought of installing second or third bags as backup protection in multiple collisions. Most auto companies say they will recomnend the use of belts even in cars equipped with air bags. --Business Week (2189) 74-75 (Aug. 14) 1971 1141 FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY PARTICIPANTS ASKED TO TAKE PART IN NEW STUDY. Children of parents who have participated over the past twenty years in the National Heart and Lung Institute's Framingham Heart Study (FHS) are being Invited to take part in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) sponsored by HEW's NHL I.Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Health. Among the 5209 5. 01 m 0588 V persons originally entered in FHS, there were 11644 families in which both husband and wife participated. A random sample of 800 of ;these! families-^ has`been selected, for -OS. A unique feature of the new stiidy , is that the children'will'now be: examined at 'approximately >the same ages that their parents were wnen first examined 22 years ago. In no' other Investigation has it been possible to make direct comparisons of such factors as blood cholesterol of parents and their children at similar ages. Those enrolling will receive a cardiovascular e*l,;i,>A>io,'.s<l!,iJ*r to that which their parents have undergone every two years as participants in FHS. i It-includes i)- | a medical history; 2}' medical examination of the j cardiovascular system; 3) an;electrocardiogram; 4)alungfunctiontest; and 5) blood-sample j analysis for cholesterol, lipoproteins, andSsugar.ljajbr risk factors in coronary heart disease, aside from age and sex, that have been identified, and quantified1 by:FHS are: elevated blood levels of J cholesterol and other fatty substances (co11ectively`da11edl<pids); elevated blood pressure; elevated blood uric acid1 levels and/or a tendency to goiit or,goutyArthritis; certain metabolic disorders, | notably diabetes; obesity; certain modes of life.and habits, such as cigarette smoking and lack j of physical exercise. Individuals with' various^ combinations of these "risk factors" may run up to a- 30-fold Increased risk from coronary attacks, compared to persons with none of these risk factors working against them and certain of these risk factors are known to "run in families." FOS hopes to extend j present knowledge about hereditary determinants of cardiovascular-disease and also as a factor sossibly amplifying the adverse effects of potentially harmful habits or modes of life on the heart and blood] vessels. Such data would provide a new dimension to present efforts'to identify highly vulnerable persons before they experience serious symptoms!and when the ttmely initiation of countermeasures against those "risk factors" that can be modified or eliminated may forestall or postpone the onset of potentially disastrous complications 'of atherosclerosis. --HEW News Oct. 26, 1971 1142 SURGEONS' CHIEF CITES FREEDOMS.' "A national health policy and national health.programs,can be designed to improve the care of the , surgical patient," the new president of the American College of Surgeons told'the group.in his inaugural address. He prefers a system with several options for both patients and physicians, said Jonathan E.i Rhoads, M.D., of Philadelphia. "Public health education becomes increasingly important as preventive I medicine becomes a larger part of health care services. Advances in medical science have concentrated many expensive resources for the benefit of:theivery.ill.person. This has nude virtually all of us j medically indigent for certain tjypes of illness! Universal'insurance is needed against medical . j catastrophe and we need to have [the ordinary types:of medical and hospital care underwritten for'those who cannot afford them. It is not clear: that1 we will be able to reduce the cost of medical care ] without lowering its quality: It is clear that |we must strive!to increase its value." j , !,y *. . .' --Amer. Med. News Nov. 1,'1971 1143 NON-HOSPITAL INTERNSHIPS OFFERED "IN-PREVENTIVE MEDICINE. "To offset the disproportionate focus on treatment of,disease rather than on the prevention of disease or maintenance of health," the:Health,Research Group, a Washington-biased arm of Ralph Nader's consumer protection movement, is offering one-year, non-hospital/internships for third- and fourth-year medical, students, interns, and residents! this summer.' Listing as areas of concern food poisoning, death and ! septicemia from infected intravenous fluids, morbidity and mortality from Improperly used drugs, black! lung disease, byssinosis, mercury poisoning, asbestosis, and silicosis, the Health Research Group notes that "it has become increasingly apparent that many diseases...are the end-result of various forms of 1 corporate and governmental irresponsibility.", Participants in the. project will be paid $4,500 pe The program will start a second shift in the surmer of 1972. Further Information can be obtai Andrea Hricko, Health Research Group, P.O., Box 19367, Washington, D.C. 2C036. i --The Nation's Health S 133 0589 1144 TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION. A toxicology information center has been established at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNLJ biology division. Initially, the center is designed to answer Questions and supply information on toxicology of pesticides and other potentially hazardous chemicals in the environment. Plans call for expansion to other aspects of toxicology such as drug interactions and their adverse effects. Data are being compiled in machine-readable form under the direction of Or. David G. Ooherty, a biochemist at ORNL. --Chem. Eng. News 49: 47 (Sept. 13) 1971 1145 TECNOSECURIT '71 POSTPONED. As a result of the new trends in the environment of the Italian producers and distributors of equipment for work safety and hygiene, it has been decided that the "Exhibition-Congress on equipment for work safety and hygiene", organised by COMIS (Centro Organizzazione Mostre Intemazionali Special izzate) in collaboration with ASSECURIT (Associazione Italians dei Produttori di Mezzi ed Attrezzature per la Sicurezza e l'lgiene del Lavoro e per la Protezione Civile) shall be a two-yearly Exhibition. The sixth edition of COMIS/LABOR has therefore been postponed until the autumn of next year, under the new title of TECNOSECURIT '72. --COMIS release Sept. 23, 1971 COMING EVENTS t 1146 Dec. 1-3 Dec. 1-4 Dec. 2-3 Dec. 4-9 Dec. 5-7 Dec. 6-9 Dec. 6-10 Dec. 7-9 Dec. 16-19 Dec. 17-20 Dec. 26-31 American Chemical Society Southwest Regional Meeting, San Antonio, Tex. American Medical Women's Association, New Orleans, La. Mechanisms of Enzyme Action, Intra-Science Symposium, Santa Monica, Cal. American Academy of Dermatology, Chicago, 111. American Society of Hematology, San Francisco, Cal. Symposium on Underground Waste Management and Environmental Implications, Houston, Tex. National Fire Protection Association, Technical Committee Week, Denver, Colo. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons short course on The Hand, Chicago, 111. American Psychoanalytic Association, New York, N.Y. Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, annual general meeting, Kanpur, India American Association for the Advancement of Science, 138th annual meeting, Philadelphia, Pa. LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 1147 FINAL REGULATIONS CLARIFY "EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIVE." * The 00L regulations under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 governing inspections, citations and penalties are expected to clarify who is considered to be an authorized employee representative for the purpose of accompanying a compliance officer during his inspection. The representative may be an employee working within the plant or an employee representative not employed at the plant. The decision as to who should represent the employees of a particular workplace would be left to the local union. The compliance officers, under the final regulations, are expected to resolve any disputes as to employee representation rather than "approve" the representative as originally proposed. --J. Occ. Med. 13: 4(Sept.) 1971 Department of Labor. 01 133 0590 7. industrial n.siane Z:zeiz '- ~ ' i:'- - ' . v.-- 1148 REGULATIONS ON CONTRACTS INVOLVING RISK TOHUMANSUBJECTS BECOME EFFECTIVE. h An amendment to establish pbl i^* and procedures j to be followed whenever Individuals may be at risk as| a consequence of participation asra 'subjectin research, development, demonstration, or other activity being conducted under contract;was adopted, and became effective October 15, 1971. According to i3-4.SSC1 Policy - It Is the policy of the/Departmentthat no/contract Involving risk to human subjects shall be awarded until acceptable assurancVhas/been glven that the project or activity will be subject to initial, and continuing review by ans appropriate institutional comnittee(s) as described in.Chapter 1-40, OHEwj Grants Administration Manual. Except where the.prime contractor holds a General institutional . . Assurance (See 13-4.5502 b) a separate Special Assurance willbe required !of.each subcontractor or | cooperating Institution having immediate responsibility/for/human'subjects involved in performance of1 the contract. Contracts Involving human subjects at'risk will; not be awarded to an individual unless he is affiliated with or sponsored by an Institution which can and wiIT assume responsibility for safeguarding the human subjectsT1nvolved: --Federal Register 36: '20039-20040 (Oct. 15) 1971. 1149 PROTECTIVE LEGISLATION URGED FOR POLl^ION-AFFECTED WORKERS.jv V . -- | UAU President Leonard Woodcock,, testifying before.the.Senate Public Works subcommittee on air and water pollution, called for laws that would safeguard/workers against loss of jobs and income and provide assistance to communities,where a plant is ^.closed because of environmental pollution. Woodcock said the UAW's proposals would put an end to "political blackmail" in which workers and towns are threatened with job losses if anti-pollution laws are enforced'and wo.ul d "create a new and powerful financial incentive to induce pollution employers to step up to their environmental responsibilities." He proposed legislation which would!give'workers.'Jhdividually or as/a class, the right to sue their employers for. damages whenever the workers lost wagesi fringe benefit protections or seniority rights because of plant shutdown or layoffs resulting from environmental pollution by their employers. Woodcoc who first outlined the proposals to give workers; the, right.'tO'.suein a letter last March to Sen. Eeknund S. Muskie (D-Me.), said the worker protections would be similar to' provisions ^established under the j law creating the National Railroad Passenger Corp. (Amtfak). The Amtrak provisions include, among others, maintenance of full pay for a displaced worker for a,period equal .to seniority up to six years, ! maintenance of the full range of;fringe benefits'^for a displaced.worker, payment of moving expenses for relocation, retraining, and compensation for any.loss suffered by a displaced worker in sale of his i 1150 home. He said that legislation initially might provide .for a sharing of liability costs between ah , .'j employer and the government in event of a plant shutdown or layoff related to pollution,.with a' graduated scale set up to shift the full liability to.employers after, three years-, woodcock said such legislation would create financial Incentives that."would imjIfemployers; wherever practicable, to abate pollution rather than cease operations:" *United Auto Workers. ' ..--J. Air Poll .Control Assn. 21: 519 (Aug.) 1971 j . 77 , ''" * f : THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT OF 1970. ^ | On May 1, 1971 a number of Federal Laws will go out of existence. Including the Federal Narcotic Act 1 and will be replaced by Public Law'91-513 coffmbnly called the Controlled Substances Act of 1970(CSA). [ Briefly the law requires that every person, not specifically exempted, who manufacturers, distributes,j prescribes, administers or dispenses any controlled'substance, or who proposes to engage In any activity utilizing controlled substances must register annually with the Attorney General. The registration function will be the responsibility of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDO), The law recognizes flvebasic categories of Controlled, Substances:/L.S.D. , marijuana, heroin, and all other ; substances for which there is no generally.acceptable medical .use: Opium and opiun preparations Chemical equivalents of opium or opiates, coca leaves and products of coca leaves. Methadone, injectab* * 011330591 f - r i forms of Methamphetamine, also a long list of substances which can cause addiction or have a high incidence of abuse; Stimulants (amphetamines, phenmetrazine, solid forms of methamphetamine, etc.), depressants (most barbituates, glutethimide. Nalorphine, plus narcotics formerly in Class "B" and Paregoric); Barbital, chloral hydrate, phenobarbital, ethimamate, meprobamate, etc. and those preparations which were formerly listed as "exempt" narcotics. Details are explored in this article. --Ind. Med. Surg. 40: 18-19 (Sept.) 1971 1151 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING STANDARDS IN UNDERGROUND COAL MINES. Part 75 of Title 30, Code of Federal Regulations, Subchapter O-Coal Mine Health and Safety Mandatory Health and Safety Standards, Underground Coal Mines, was amended and revised by adding i 75.1720 Protective clothing; requirements which requires that on and after the effective data of this j 75.1720 each miner regularly employed in the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face- shields or goggles when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal or when other hazards to the eyes exist from flying particles, (b) Suitable protective clothing to cover those parts of the body exposed to injury when handling corrosive or toxic substances or other materials which might cause injury to the skin, (c) Protective gloves when handling materials or performing work which might cause injury to the hands; however, gloves shall not be worn where they would create a greater hazard by becoming entangled in the moving parts of equipment, (d) A suitable hard hat. (e) Suitable protective footwear. The provisions of s 75.1720 shall become effective 45 days after the date of publication in the Federal Register (Oct. 7, 1971). --Federal Register 36: 19497-19498 (Oct. 7) 1971 1152 SUITS. INSURANCE PERIL BLOOD BANKS. Rising insurance rates present premiums are triple last year's - and lawsuits from hepatitis victims have produced a "desperately serious" situation that could result in some blood banks closing. New laws are being sought to safeguard blood banks from liability for hepatitis, the one remaining infectious disease which is uncontrolled. Two bills have been introduced before the state legislature to exempt blood banks - except in negligence - from hepatitis liability in Pennsylvania. Insurance companies have been looking at blood banks more critically in Pennsylvania since the Illinois Supreme Court last year held blood banks liable for hepatitis in Illinois. The Illinois legislature later passed a law overturning the Supreme Court and 37 states already have similar nonliability legislation. Blood Banks have begun a screening program involving the Australian antigen test to weed out hepatitis from donated blood. However, the test, which has just been developed, is only 25 to 30 per cent effective in pinpointing blood contaminated with hepatitis. Blood banks also have renewed efforts to recruit more volunteer donors in an effort to eliminate paid donors, who pose a 10 times greater risk of transmitting hepatitis than volunteer donors. --Pittsburgh Press Oct. 27, 1971 1153 THE FDA - ITS ROLE IN TESTING. Kefauver-Harris amendments have given the Food-Drug Administration (FDA) the direction to say positively that, in its opinion, a drug is both safe and efficacious. Under the law, until 1962, the FDA did not have to make positive statements about drugs, only negative ones. If the FDA remained silent for sixty days after it received a New Orug Application (N0A), the drug in question was automatically allowed to be manufactured by failure of the FDA to say anything at all by default, as It were. The 1962 FDA amendments have created many challenges from the public. Congress, pharmaceutical firms, the practicing physician, and various medical groups such as the American Society of Internal Medicine (ASIM). Some of the problem areas of the Kefauver-Harris Amendments are discussed in this article. --Penna. Med. 74: 57-58 (Sept.) 1971 9. 01 133 0592 ,,, Iwcusty^sl Z'zisz T~'' *1. ,' r. '. t'11:,: Mcwrtg- :?: 1154 i'-.-fJ B 0 0 K$. PAM P H L Ef SJ AND, N O T I C ES; 1 ' ... V-t-...J". > . . ' ", - .. V- J. THE JOB SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OF'1970. , Bureau ef;^jm1^%feirs;.Qd1t0ria1:.Sttff. Available from: Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., 12Ul 25th`Street.jN.W., Uaihington, D.C. 20037. . 342 pp. (1971) Price: S15.00. The Occupational Safety and Health Aft of'1970 requlries safe arid healthful conditions for virtually every employee in the:Un1^'-,Stt^^f?Efffci1,Ve'-Apr;i.1 28,; 1971, the,law directs the Secretary V' of Labor to set and enforce safety anil heal ^ standards. for; business affecting Interstate conwrce - an estimated 4.1 million establishments w1th;57 million employees. The only employers exempted are the United States and state and local governments. But there are special provisions requiring standards for them. This operations manual is; devoted to an analysis of the major provisions of the statute. It explains Its background, meaning, and effect. The analysis and appendices of pertinent reports and ' congressional debates are designed.to.give employersy'employees, gbvernmentaT agencies, unions, and associations a broad-range view of the hewjftb safety and healthlaw. --Cond. from Introduction Editor 'a Sotei All those affected by the hew Occupational'.Safety..and Health Act, those Interested in its enforcement and those concerned with ^i,ts ramifications: will, find :th1s. a useful reference tool to Investigate various aspects of the Act. compactly arid succintly. presented. The Bureau of National Affairs has also published a capsule version entltled.ABC's of the Job Safety and Health Act prepared by its editorial staff, which Is a handy .pocket sizejeditlon containing the law in brief, which covers issuance of standards, enforcement.of standards, imminent danger procedures, penalties, comnlsslon's authority, how the act affects other laws,>hat\the "Mawjmeans to employers, to employees, to labor unions, to the states, to federal agencies; check11sts;of employer requirements and employee rights; and the full text of the Act. for $2.00. This 46 page booklet may be obtained frW the Bureau of national Affairs V ,,, ^--H. C. C. 1155 DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE AND OTHER WATERBORNE WASTES. 2nd.Edition. TMstlethwayte. Available from: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 48106 . 405 pp. (1971) Price: $16.80.* Imhoff, W. J. Inc. P.0. Box Muller and 0. K: 1425. Ann Arbor, 8. Michigan The second edition of this text book, has been expanded and rewritten to Incorporate the progress made in the field of sewage and waste water treatment "and'disposal since the last edition was-published. The authors, to lncrease the appeal of;the*iork to an]international market, have arranged the contents to suit countries where national conditions and tradition call for modifications to common,European practice. Divpotal of Smvagt 1 s dlvided into four parts. The first part provides a general background to the subject describing the quail tyand quantity ofjwastes produced luiider different circumstances - the second gives various methods of dlsposal. each wlth thelr advantages and disadvantages. The third section, essentially of a practical nature,.describes{yairlous^treatment'processes-; whilst the final : part, deals with particular problems of a small comunlty where economic considerations prevent the use of sophisticated systems. This standard .reference work...covering In detail the problems of [liquid water disposal Including Industrial effluents and water pollution control should prove to be a valuable source of Information for all engineers,chemists, and omdlcalofficers-as well as sewage and public health authorities and water conservancy boards. --Fly leaf modified 1156 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL HANDBOOK.' H. F. Lund! AwriWd*"'/rdm.v'-McGm-lifll (took Company. 330 Uest 4Znd Street; New Vork. N.Y. 10036. 864 pp. (197ir ftriar; $.50. The Industrial Pollution Control Handbook Is Intended to help lndustry meet Its obligation to the. conmunity, to provide good breathable alr and water of, drlnklngcondltion.andto accomplish this feat practically, economically, without excessive burden to Itself.. It is a*commin1cat1bn bridge between ;i- 10. '`I ' 133 0593 - <... i' .if : : . f. i *'" , vi_' 'A;. the best practical experts on industrial pollution problems and all of the responsible industrial managers. This Handbook was conceiveo as a practical, easy-to-understand guide to solving pollution problems. From the beginning, pollution was looked at as a total system problem. The various interactions between air, water, and solid wastes must be evaluated by a plant or even an entire industry. The treatment of a water pollutant may create an air pollutant, for instance, an objectionable odor. And of course, the collection and handling of the dust particles from a bag house or cyclone will produce a solid waste disposal situation. Since pollution control is evolving as a total system, possibly a closed-loop phenomenon within a plant or complex, the primary section of this Handbook focuses on pollution control by industry types. Every major industry where pollution is a difficult problem has been described in a separate chapter: foundries, plating, pulp and paper, foods, chemicals, textiles, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, and even a separate review of European plant practices. Each chapter has been written by an expert practical contributor or team of contributors. In front of these bread basket-type chapters, is traced the evolution of industrial pollution control. This includes a statement of the problem, the history of federal legislation, and a similar treatise on state and local legislation. Air and water quality standards and criteria, always a difficult point of discussion, have also been clearly described. Also in this evolution section, other contributors present: air and water pollution control systems, disposal of collected wastes, joint municipal-industrial control programs, and finally, what practical areas of research are needed for pollution control. There have been many problems related to the design, installation, operation, and costs of control equipment. For the last five years, the author has stated that claimed operating efficiency, whether 78 or 99.9 percent, is only possible when the equipment is running. But if the equipment is stopped for any reason, the efficiency becomes zero. The last section on pollution control equipment is dedicated to help avoid, minimize, or hopefully eliminate the zero efficiency of control equipment. First, a plant department should be organized. Then the design details and fabrication materials of air and water pollution control equipment are thoroughly described. Probably the most often neglected aspects of control equipment are the proper training of operators, equipment start-up, and the specifics of performance guarantees. The latter, warns plant managers to demand protective contracts which will assure that claimed equipment efficiencies became actual efficiencies. A Glossary of nearly forty pages and a useful, descriptive, source index has been included. Also, contributors were encouraged to furnish capital, installation, and operating costs and each of these cost categories are broken down separately in the index. --Cond. from author's preface 1157 SYMPOSIUM ON THOUGHTS ANO VIEWS OF THE IMPACT OF THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OF 1970, P. L. 91-596. H. H. Fawcett, Chairman. Available from: H. H. Fawcett, Session Arranger and Chairman, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Ave. N.W. Washington, O.C. 20418, 60 pp. (1971) Price: Free on request. This symposium sponsored by the Comnittee on Chemical Safety of the American Chemical Society discusses the impact of the new Occupational Safety and Health Act on the Chemical profession. The aspects of OSHA which have been designed are Historical Perspective by Professor J. M. Brown, The Legal Responsibility for Implementation and Enforcement by the Honorable George C. Guenther, the Role of HEW which under OSHA has broad responsibilities by Dr. Edward J. Fairchild, The Impact on Industry Mr. J. Sharp Queener, The Role of Unions Mr. E. 0. Swisher, and an analysis of the ability to respond in Resources Available to Assist in Chemical Safety by Mr. Jack S. Snyder. These several aspects of OSHA were selected to provide a basic overview of some of its most visible and important facets. It is hoped that additional aspects as well as new developments will be presented in the future. This is a new act, and time will be required to develop the most effective, useful, and safest procedures for the occupational health and safety of the work force. --Introduction modified 11. 01 133 0594 , r :,ovr:*- 1158 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE,,1971 70). ba/tloiMl I^re Pfoteetipn Association/ National Fire Pro tectionAssoci a tionjublicationsJOepaftment, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mass. 02110 . 536 pp. 1971) Prise: Single copies JoJtcoyer , J4.95, hardcover; discounts applies'to orders for f1vd;br:-ijiiore'"pf( thejsoftcoiyer ;cop1es.'v'.^4/ a schedule of ' " r ' This new edition of the National ElectrlialI Codesupersedes' all previous issues of the Code. The last 'edition was dated 1968; The Code is of primary importahce to all concemed with instaiutioii, operation, manufacture, design and inspectlon-of electficai wlring and equipnient. It is Intended for practical jr safeguarding of persons and of. buildings and their contents from hazards arising from use of electricity for: light, heat."power, i^ioi'i^Hng.j^oll^Ot^^pu^poo*.: Jivenew-articles, five completely revised articles, j63other changes and SO' deletl New articles pertain to temporary wiring; shielded norimetall 1 c-sheathedcable, flat cable assemblies, fixed outdoor electric de-icing and snow-melting equipment,*and air conditioning and refrigerating equipment. Also new is a resume of Code changes since thel968 ed1t1on;asbefore,allrevisions also are clearly marked by vertical lines in the margin of the text itself. Artlcles which haveundergonecompl ete revision are those on liquid-tight flexible metal conduit, health care facilities, mobile homes and mobile home parks, recreational vehicles and recreational vehicle parks, and swimming and'wading pools. Developed by the National Electrical Code Conrnittee under the chairmanship of.Richard Lloyd of Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., the 1971 C^^^i.e^t^^*Vtil>;Nm^AmlM17NMt1%,'m';Ny; 20, 197i, and approved by the American National Standards1 Institute on dune 25, 'l?7iv;.;^'/eV;"'. '-..'i.;.l'c * ;^^ifiir%frdB;iiFPAj[.re1me'*^'teii(^r.'3, ri971 1159 STAYING ALIVE IN,THE ARCTIC. Compiled by .E. F.=' Crippeti andiKr Pev1*y.^uliiizr/iimf Edward F. Crippen, M.D., 215S0 ftambla Vista, Malibu, Calif. >*0265:',,24l` pp: (1971). ft-ieb; S1.00. : V This booklet has been prepared by the.American Peti-oleum Institute, with the-assistance of men who have faced and survived Arctic emergencies: to helpVyou stay. allve in a siirvlyaV situation; to prevent you from being lost or frostbitten or injured while.yqu work in the Arctic. Subjects covered. Include: Ten rules for survival; Preparing a survival5 kit;j Emergency rations;'''-First'--Aid Kit; Clothing; Cold weather hazards - severe chilllng. frostblte; Immersion Foot (Trench foot); Showbl 1 ndness; Carbon Monoxide poisoning; AccidentsBurns ;Heavybieeding; ' Travel - makinga' trip plan; Emergencies; In glacier areas; Heather and traveljwg-l^rif^. Direction. guides; Utter; Shelter Building a fire - fire without a match, fire without wood;; Signaling distress;,and in case of emergency A ground to air emergency code is included. :'VJr > ; CoM: {from text 1160 RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION AND - ITS APPLICATI0N (ICRU Report 20) International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements: Available /ren: ICRU'Publications, 1^:0. Box 30165, Washington,.O.C 20014. (1971) Price; 1-9 copies $3.50 each, 10r9b copies $3.25 each,.100 or more copies $3.00 each. , This report was prepared to glve practicai-guidance cih the' probleiK ofmeasurementandinterpretation involved in the assessment'of compliance with radiation protection recoanendations. The new report includes a basic disdisslon of radiation quant1 ties and units, of the interpretation of Instrument readings in terms of such units, andof= the;-accuracy usually:'^ also5 includes sections on various types of radiation detector. Since.detailed descriptions of detectors and discussions of their operation are aval 1ab1eve1sewhere; the newfreport concentrates on lnstriisent characteristics. The choice and use of instruments sections dealing respectively with sealed . gamna-ray sources and sources of x rays"and electrons, unsealed radioactive sources; reactors and sealed neutron sources,; and accelerators of chained,, parti el es`C! There is a separate section of the report devoted to instruments for monitoring the radiation to which individuals are exposed; The , report also includes a discussion of calibration, pmedures. In considering various types of Instruments, the report discusses good and bad features, but provides no detailed descriptions of 12. 01 0595 particular comnercially available instruments. Information on the features of eacn tyce ano a consiaeraticn o- soecific applications is provided so that specif^ types of instruments can oe 3e'e::e; on an intelligent basis for each application. Since protection reconmendations apply to all types of ionizing radiations, including both electromagnetic and corpuscular radiations capable of producing ions eitner directly or indirectly, methods of measurement for all these radiations over all ranges of energy that occur in practice are discussed. In general, the development of protection instrumentation has lagged behind the development of new sources of radiation, particularly as radiation energies have increased. One of the objectives of the new report is to stimulate the development of reliable protection instrumentation, as well as to encourage the effective utilization of existing instruments. --Cond. from release September 28, 1971 GUIDE FOR SETTING UP A RECORD SYSTEM. American Association of Industrial Nurses. Aooiloile frtr: American Association of Industrial kurses, Inc., 79 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10016. (1971) Sriae: SI.50. Recognizing that accurate record keeping is as essential in the employee health service as it is in any other department of the company, this Guide for Setting Up A Reoord Systen was prepared primarily for the nurse in industry (whether new or experienced) who works alone or with a part-time or on-call physician. It is designed to assist her in setting up a record system, or changing her present method of keeping records. It suggests ways of maintaining the records and using the information contained in them to improve her own work and to prepare meaningful reports for management. --Occ. Health Nursing 19: 42 (Sept.) 1971 -i / 13. 0596 1 r ` c ` -- - i'- I W DU S T RIAL MEDICAL PR ACT ICE . i 1162 LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG OISEASE. G. L. Baum, et al. f/eungl. J. Xt~. j 285: 3S1-JS5, Aug. li, 1571'" : ' " 'j In IS patients with chronic obstructive lung disea'se, biventricular cardiac catheterization showed that! left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was elevated`in seven, and abnormal left ventricular function : curves were found in 14. Analysis of left ventriculography, revealed increased wall thickness or * . diastolic chamber size (or both), innihe of 10 observations and impaired ventricular performance in- ; three of eight. The degree of functional impairment was not influenced by the presence or absence of | right-sided heart failure. Appreciable coronary narrowing was found in only two of 10 subjects studied ! by cineangiograpny. Left ventricular dysfunction was present In most of the patients studied. The ! pathogenesis of the dysfunction is not clear. 32 references. --Authors' abst. . ' r. r ' ' - r . ,1 Editor's iisz-?: According to ah article by Dr. A. P. Fishman in this same issue of the New Engl. Journal < of Medicine "hypertrophy of the left ventricle is a consequence of metabolic dysfunction of the ! myocardium as oxygen delivery and aerobic metabolism are compromised by hypoxemia and acidosis; other influences, such as electrolyte abnormalities and variations in intramyocardial distribution of blood J flow, may also interfere with adequate oxygen delivery and uptake:- The finding of left ventricular hypertrophy at autopsy in chronic bronchitis, and emphysema and in .`chronic mountain sickness' is '' | consistent with-this hypothesis. So are the subtle, hemodynamic disturbances in left ventricular i performance that may be disclosed by elaborate physiologic technics during the life of less Incapacitated patients with bronchitis, such as those reported by Baum et al (above)." --R. T. P. deT. ; 1163 SCREENING FOR HETEROZYGOUSat-ANTITRYPSIN OEFICiENCY. :J..Lieberman, C. Mittman, and J. R. Kent. *V` j Am. Med. Aaan. 2TT! 11^8-1206. Aug. 30,19>1 . i The purposes of this study were to see whether a provocative test with diethylstilbestrol could distinguish between individuals with the normal and abnormal gene for. antitrypsin activity and to evaluate the possibility of using this medication therapeutically in deficient subjects. In addition,a survey of j serum antitrypsin activity was made in women>to compare the range of activity in those taking female ) hormone to that in those who were not. Diethylstilbestrol caused serun trypsin-inhibitory capacity j (STIC) values' to rise into the low-normal range in most studied heterozygotes with at-antitrypsin ! deficiency, but never above 1.20 units; in control subjects, the stimulated STIC values exceeded 1.30 ; units. Subjects with homozygous antitrypsin deficiency did; not respond to diethylstilbestrol... Lack | of response to 3 mg of diethylstilbestrol daily for two weeks ir"j patient with 1.20 units or less of antitrypsin activity indicates that the patient's antitrypsin level is already maximally stimulated by his disease, and confirms a diagnosis of heterozygous aj-antitrypsin deficiency. Women receiving ! oral contraceptive medication or other estrogenic hormones whose random antitrypsin assay shows a level of 1.20 units or less should be suspected of carrying the abnormal gene for antitrypsin deficiency. ' --Cond. from text !' 1 1164 ALPHA^-ANTITRYPSIN AND PEPSIN INHIBITION. J. Lieberman. Stu Engl. :' . i ` . 1 i .VW. 285: 524-525, Aug- 26. WI | In a report on alphaj-antitrypsin deficiency in patients with pulmonary emphysema (New Engl. J. Med. J 281: 279-284, 1969) data were presented to suggest that an; Increased frequency of peptic-ulcer disease j may be found in patients with pulmonary, emphysema, and alpha ^-antitrypsin deficiency. Subsequent studies however, have shown that normal human serum contains no substance capable of inhibiting pepsin activity. The author concludes that the alpha^-antltrypsin in human serun is not a pepsin inhibitor. The basis for bn increasedlfrequiency of.peptic-ulcer disease in patients with chronic.obstructive.lung disease j ,. remains unknown. --Cond. from text 1 : I,, j 01 133 0597 01 133 0S70 4'h .oa a 3 A J o e I H c fit. a o (4 N" '" J5 1 s ZT fau 1 U* | 00 3 ftr i =P - + > a MB b. S A 3 ; 0 a A >% A c*-i A II a JK E it s a:j- o g 3 g uT* m o u u ? U* 1 CJ A in CO I C fab Ui O io cmi cm at a CM! 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M >t light heavy one ar light heavy both a light heavy d l = |5x | Ss S> 5 I i & 8 to O o X - * ai 3* !! si Is I 3 E <c M C Itr Is * a; - & 'r.b M S 5 3 s h| st 6 " S*s 11 ; s. > 3 " w a 2 ji id 3 > 1 X Me 8 n si M * g 8 o Mb M !5 !*. 2 2 >^ ? 2Ml *0 " M tf nu 3 mMa i = 2p3& XS a s RfQ lATIO N XXX r J. 199* 3. UM co 02 ir: <n CO 2 fii J 2 1 S u u l < s I 1165 INFLUENZA IMMUNISATION IN INDUSTRY. D. 0. Walker. -Vi. 21: 87-92. July 1971 Influenza is a costly disease, especially to industry in terms of working days lost. It is me only major cause of sickness absence where the possibility of prevention by immunisation exists. Vaccines are available which give good protection against the disease and which may also help to produce attenuated or sub-clinical infections. In the absence of accurate forecasts of epidemics, they must be administered annually. The disadvantages of inmunisation against influenza are such that it is not recommended for general use, but are not so great as to preclude its use on a selective basis. A more intensive immunisation programme in industry is desirable if the burden of influenza is to be reduced and it is suggested that this might be carried out on a geographical basis. In addition, if it is accepted that protection should be given to those suffering from chronic bronchitis, preventive measures might also be directed at those industries where bronchitis is especially prevalent. --Author's summary 1166 HUMAN COPPER DEFICIENCY. G. G. Graham. Hew Engl. -\ lied. 285: 857-858, Oct. 7, 1971 Depending on the mammalian species involved, copper deficiency can cause anemia, neutropenia, defective collagen and elastin, skeletal and cardiovascular lesions and demyelination and degeneration of the nervous system. Cases of mixed iron and copper deficiency in milk-fed infants with anemia were recognized 40 years ago. Failure to confirm these findings, the generous copper stores of the newborn liver, ano the abundance of copper in most foods, led to the concept that deficiency of this metal could not occur in humans. During the past few years copper depletion and deficiency have been identified as not uncommon in severely malnourished infants with chronic diarrhea, particularly those rehabilitated with modified cow's-milk preparations that contain very little copoer. Neutropenia is usually found early, often accompanied by anemia, possibly owing to failure of iron absorption. In more protracted cases aregenerative anemia and scurvy-like bone lesions have appeared. Any malnourished infant, child or adult suffering from chronic or recurrent malabsorption or diarrhea and consuming a restricted diet should be watched for the development of neutropenia, with or without anemia, pathologic fractures and radiologic bone changes. A low serun copper or ceruloplasmin, suggestive of copper depletion, would then support the diagnosis of copper deficiency, an easily remedied condition. Research now in progress promises to elucidate the important role of copper, not only in iron "absorption" but in its utilization. More than anything, this work should help us understand how the availability of any essential nutrient depends on body stores, rates of utilization, dietary content, intestinal absorption, unusual losses from the body and integrity of homeostatic mechanisms. --Cond. from text 1167 PHOSPHATIOYLSERINE: SELECTIVE ENHANCER OF HISTAMINE RELEASE. Science "173:--I53T- ifl35'~$ept-.1GT1571--------------------------- A. Goth, H. R. Adams and Mary Knoohuizen. Phosphatidylserine, in contrast with other phospholipids, markedly enhanced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by dextran or protein antigens. This enhancing effect was selective for dextran and protein antigens and did not extend to the action of compound 48/80 or chymotrypsin. These findings suggest a role for phosphatidylserine in the response of mast cells to antigens. --Authors' abst. 1168 EPIDEMIC MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA. B. L. Evatt, et al. Neu Engl. . lied. 285: 374-378, Aug. 12, 1971 Twenty-six of 55 members and pledges of a college fraternity became infected with Mycoplasma pneumonia over a three-week period in the fall of 1968. The epidemic curve suggested a connon source of exposure. The only period in which members and pledges shared a connon environment before the outbreak was on a single day when all were present at a catered banquet for pledge initiation ceremonies. The precise source and means of Infection could not be identified. 20 references. --Authors' abst. 15. 01 133 0598 1169 ASPERGILLUS INFECTION COMPLICATING CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION. M. J. Gurwith, E. B. Stinson ana S. Remington. Aran. -'es. 128: 1)41-545, Oct. 1^71 During the initial two-year period of the cardiac transplant program at Stanfora University Hospital, a 28X incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was observed. The diagnosis was based on postmortem findings in two patients, and on isolation of the fungus from percutaneous lung aspirates or transtracheal aspirates in the other three. Aspergillus was isolated from multiple cultures of sputun from four of the five patients. Local or systemic amphotericin B therapy or both was administered to three patients, and in two of them long-term treatment was necessary. Among the multiple underlying predisposing factors responsible for the high incidence of aspergillosis in cardiac transplant patients, pulmonary factors relatively unique to cardiac transplantation as well as imnunosuppression appeared to play major roles. 22 references. --Authors' abst. 1170 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF TUMOURS. L. H. Sobin. WHO Chronicle 25: 363-366, August 1971 Since 1957, WHO has been responsible for organizing and co-ordinating a programme for the development of a uniform, internationally acceptable morphological classification of tumours that would facilitate cownunication between pathologists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and statisticians engaged in studies on cancer. A random survey of 18 recent reports in the English literature on lung cancer showed that eight different systems of histopathological nomenclature were being used. WHO is issuing a series of histological classifications of tunours in order to improve International conmunication and limit the wastage of data in this field. --Cond. from text 1171 MALARIA CHEMOTHERAPY. L. H. Schmidt. Bull. Southern ties. Xnst. 24: 3-14, 1971 An expanded malaria research program - a product of U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia - has resulted in significant progress toward new drugs. This article describes some of the newest and most promising /. of these drugs, which are now in human studies. --Editor's abst. v 1172 CARDIAC ABNORMALITIES (FROM KALURESIS) DUE TO LICORICE INTOXICATION. and J. T. L. Nicholson. Penns, .'led. 74: Sl-54, March 1971 H. J. Robinson. F. S. Harrison Potassium was recognized by Ringer in 1883 as essential for normal myocardial function. Structural as well as functional abnormalities of the cardiovascular system resulting from potasslun Ion depletion have been well documented. Hypokalemia has been associated with multiple etiologies including prolonged diarrhea or vomiting, familial periodic paralysis, primary aldosteronism, a variety of renal abnormalities, diabetic acidosis, severe alkalosis, versene poisoning, and corticosteroid or diuretic therapy. The kaluretic effect of licorice ingestion is a less frequently considered etiology for potassium ion depletion. The case reports of licorice induced hypokalemia reviewed by other authors emphasized the disturbances of neuromuscular function, renal function, acid base equilibrium and hypertension. The case reported here, however, describes significant cardiac dysfunction associated with licorice Ingestion. --Cond. from text 1173 RESPIRATORY MECHANICS AIRWAY COLLAPSE. E. G. Vail. Aeroep. Med. 42: 975-979, Sept. 1971 Pulmonary function tests were conducted on 37 healthy adults. The experimental data Indicate that maximum expiratory flow rates are limited by collapse of the segmental bronchi. Maximum inspiratory flow rates are limited, during performance of maximum breathing capacity (MBC), by closure of the subsegmental bronchi. Maximum expiratory flow rates during MBC are a!so limited by collapse of the subsegmental broneiri. If airway closure/collapse occurred In the small bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, or respiratory bronchioles, then the flow rate would have to exceed 18 liters per second. --Author's abst. 16. 01 133 0599 ' ;Av-' -,C . :: -> ;r > ; s: 1174 TIME ZONE TRANSITIONS AND BUSINESS EXECUTIVES. R. T. W. L. Conroy. Trans. Sss. 2\- 69-72, July 1971 -- Circadian (or 24 hour) rhythms in man are currently a very active field of research. These rhythms have a number of applications in occupational medicine; their implications for business executives making long East-West or West-East journeys across time zones are of particular interest. Examples of physiological and psychological disturbances in test subjects flying across time zones are described. Replies from medical advisers to leading companies concerned with the problem are commented on and a survey of 315 senior executives in a number of major British and American companies detailed. From the replies received, it emerged that 87.5 per cent of the executives had sleep disturbances following such journeys and that business negotiations were conducted by 50 per cent before gaining a night's sleep, even though less than 20 per cent claimed to be fully fit when so doing. Conments and advice to executives making long East-West or West-East flights are suggested. --Author's summary 1175 THE INTERNAL CLOCK OF THE INTERNATIONAL JET TRAVELLER. 0. R. O'Donnell, .'fee. J. Austral. 1: 1227-1230, June 6, 1971 The paper commences with a brief description of some aspects of air travel 50 years ago, and subsequent development to jet travel. This leads into a discussion of travel fatigue and its causes, with particular reference to alteration of the circadian rhythm. A formula for estimating end-of-travel rest periods is offered, along with suggestions for minimizing fatigue with particular emphasis on adequate planning and their application to the aeroplanes of tomorrow. --Author's abst. 1176 PSYCH0PHYSI0L0GIC ANO CONVERSION MECHANISMS: THE AVIATOR'S EMOTIONAL FACE CURTAIN. R. F. Reinhardt. Aerosp. Med. 1015-1017, Sept. 1971 J. A. Pursch and Psychophysiologic and conversion mechanisms as an unconscious expression of the student pilot's decreasing motivation for further flight training are discussed. Flight students in this category are characterized by a family life style of excessive use of rationalization, blaming others for their own shortcomings, exaggerating minor complaints into disabling symptoms and manifesting very little subjective concern about them (la belle indifference). They don't look for disability compensation and they unconsciously force the examiner into removing them from flight status. If this is not swiftly accomplished they are apt to develop new symptoms. Four case histories are used to illustrate how the flight surgeon can interview the failing student by listening with a "third ear" for such checkpoints as life style, problem solving techniques, slips of the tongue and metaphores. These data along with health record and flight record information then point to the proper disposition. --Authors' abst. 1177 THE HEALTH OF WOMEN. J. Peel. Brit. Med. J. 3: 267-271, July 31, 1971 The greater involvement of women in full- or part-time employment in industry, business, and the professions makes them equally liable to the environmental stresses and accidents associated with such a way of life. Women are as equally involved in the health hazards associated with pollution in our modern society and in the risks due to the greater mobility of populations and the frequency of travel. In the world in which we live today there have been very substantial changes since the sixteenth century, and in the care of the female members of the comminity there has been great progress. This article discusses in some detail many of the problems concerned with the health of women. The author covers the field in a general way and highlights some of the many problems related to health that are particularly relevant today. --Cond. from text 01 133 0600 17. .tr'ii 1178 ISSUES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF ME01CAL CARE. r R| N. Podell'i .Veu Sxgi. v . .Vrs. Hrch lgHflr : -/- 1; 284: 586-SB9, In recent years there has been inci^asli^ debate bver^the most Effective and efficient ways to organize both individual medical: practices and? large ^heal^ of this debate has focused on] the attempt to define tKewro$rt*t*'*m^ t^cijtiiwiB^requirements.end functional relations among the manykinds of physician and|;ngnphysician^ iwrsonnei Whoitiork in the health field. | The debate is of geiieri;'eonMTMtib^M*^^::^^ij'HiwJ^.1ji;.jfU!l`fM'M'9.:'the`,pr.fdssfd goals of the j health-care system: providing high-guality services in sufficient quantity and.equitable distribution at prices the consumer can afford.Fn* this ariie manyissues currently in controversy - for example, earlier specialization, the family physlcian. piiysiclan assistants, national health insurance, quality of care control, utilization review an^l fee controls. The issues are of particular concern to each kind of health worker, for their resolution will!, have important effects upon the character of each health career: its scope of responsibility; -working conditions; educational requirements; earning potential; social stature; and. self-image. This paper examines.several of the issues of current debate througr s study of the Ameflcah godlatrist. The podlatrist in the United States is a highly trained health worker who. 1n:-the`|dope']ofi his:'prabtt|^;'-'''iiNlcpeii'dlenc* ,oV; judgment and financial rewards] is very similar to the physician. Nevertheless,`the proper role of podiatry in health care remains controversial. By examination of, the'professiohiiofi podiatry a different perspective can be obtained upon some of the controversial Issues in:health-care organizationthat face the medical profession as well. v' .4-.I % :-=r' . --Cond.- from text - S K I N D I S E ASE S AND BURNS 1179 OIRECT SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF HUMAN SKIN*. G. M. Papa and Beverly Farber. Arsh: Zemazci. 104; 262-70,.Sept, 1971 " " " ' ' '' ;,U : / , . " . \'.f V . Scanning electron microscopy (SEN) offers a unique view of.'biological materials/spanning the gap between light microscopy and conventional, transmission,electron microscopy; Oermal and epidermal sheets obtained by sodium bromide separation of human skin may be directly examined with the scanning electron microscope. Unique views of four surfaces, the stratum corneun, basal cell layer, papillary dermis, and deeper cutis, as well as appendageaV/strvcturesvare.readily available. The simple technique utilized may be further modified by incubating the. epidermal $hee,t in 00PA;for. selective study of melanocytes. U Vj. --Cond. from text 1180 ELECTRICAL BURNS OF THE MOUTH IN CHILDREN, A. B. kcIterman^and.G.'L. GolUfaden, Aron. Ztrrazel. 104: TOETITrSept: 1971-----------------~-"r Electrical burns of the mouth occur primarily in toddlers, between ages 1 and 2 years, who are disposed to placing objects in their mouth. When, a child sucks onrthe free end.of a,'live" multiple-outlet extension plug; the electrolyte-containing sal1ya drdols: into the plug, completing the electrical circuit. Rarely, chewing through the insulation of. the wire produces.the same effect. The flow of electrons through tissue creates ari.incremental release of:heat energy, resulting in a burn. The mouth bum is only one potential injury from electrical extension plugs. Cardiac arrhythmias and death occur when there is large contact, good grounding; and passage'of greater current through the chest. The prognosis for healing of mouth bums with a.good cosmetic result depends upon the extent of'tissue destruction and judiPious management, lb ,1s difficult to estimate, early, the exact amount of tissue injury, because the damage in electrical^burns is usually deeper And wider than is clinically evident. Recognition of the cause of injury is cniciai ; because mandgement of mouth bums'in children must be directed to conserving as much tissue as possible in order to minimize disfigurement. Although early excision and repair has been'advocated,-the conservative approach, which allows spontaneous healing followed by a reconstructive procedure, is preferred/ --Cond. from text '' 18. 01 133 0601 t 1181 RESEARCH INTO PSORIASIS - THE LAST DECADE. S. Shuster. Brit. Had. \ 3: 236-239, July 24, 1971 Psoriasis is a disease of faulty epidermopoiesis possibly due to impaired autocontrol mechanisms. The need for organ growth is obvious in many tissues, seen with compensatory hypotrophy of the liver and kidney. In the skin such "consumer control" implies a predominantly local mechanism: it would not do, for example, if the response to new boots was thick skin on the buttock as well as on the blister. The local response to a wound is epidermal proliferation and the idea of a local wound hormone was therefore inevitable. A stimulator control has been suggested by some and is obviously a possibility. A contrary view - and one more in keeping with the law of negative feedback (surely one of the greatest ideational consequences of technology?) - is of an inhibitory control. At present most of the little work which has been done is on the inhibitor systems - chalones - and there is now some evidence of chalone control of the kidneys, lungs, and blood cells, as well as skin. While it is far too soon to be certain about the nature of epidermal chalone, there is enough evidence to suggest that it exists. The next step - for which there is now a line-up for a healthy scientific race - is establishing whether psoriasis is a chalonosis. 124 references. --Cond. from text 1182 CUTANEOUS STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN VIETNAM. A. M. Allen, D. Taplin, and L. Twigg. Areh. Darmtol. 10ZrT7F28Br5ept: 1971----------------------- Disabling ecthymatous pyoderma was endemic in every American combat unit examined in the Mekong Oelta region of Vietnam. It clearly reached epidemic proportions in some infantry battalions, and was responsible for more man-days lost from field duty in these units than all other nonbattle causes combined. In one battalion we studied, over 101 of the men were unable to perform normal field duty because of bacterial pyoderma, and at least that many men had lesions which had not progressed to the point of disability. Recent reports have indicated that the problem with pyoderma in Vietnam was not unique to the Mekong Delta. Thus, in terms of morbidity, tropical bacterial pyoderma was often the leading medical problem among American soldiers stationed in the lowland areas of Vietnam. The predominant lesions were ecthymatous ulcers of the lower extremities, 90S of which yielded group A B-hemolytlc streptococci on culture. Combat-related exposure to environmental sources of minor skin trauma appeared to account for the greater than threefold difference between combat and support troops in prevalance of pyoderma involving the foot and ankle. Pyodermas were more than 2*s times as prevalent in whites as in those with darker skins, a difference which existed independent of environmental exposure. Systemic addition of penicillin to standard topical treatment significantly reduced healing time. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were conmonly isolated from pyodermas, but evidence is adduced that they were secondary wound colonizers rather than primary pathogens. --Cond. from text CHEMICAL HAZARDS 1183 STANDARDS FOR THE PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL LEAD POISONING. R. A. Kehoe. Areh. Environ. Haalth 23: 245-248,"Bctober 1871-------------------------------------------- ~ A conference authorized by the Permanent Commission and International Association on Occupational Health met in Amsterdam in November of 1968, as one of a series of similar meetings of special groups under this same sponsorship, to engage in the presentation of prepared papers, and in discussions of standards for the maintenance of satisfactory environmental conditions, and for the medical and hygienic supervision of workmen for the preservation of their safety, health, and well-being while employed in establishments engaged In the production and use of lead and its Inorganic compounds. Nine papers and reports have been included in this issue of the Arehivas. --Cond. from text Editor's Sota: These nine papers are: Certain biological effects of lead upon the animal organism, A. de Bruin; Biochemical tests for the appraisal of exposure to lead, M. K. Stankovic; DeltaAminolevulinic Acid Synthetase and Adenosine Triphosphate activity in acute Saturnine intoxication in rabbits, A. Gajdos and M. Gaydos-Torok; Environmental contamination by Lead from a mine and smelter, 19. 01 133 0602 0. Djuric. et al.; Biochemical responses to provocativechelationbyEdetateOisodium Calcium, J. Teisinger; Occupational exposure to inorganic compounds of Lead;;H. Urbanowicz; Lead concentration found in human blood in association with Lead ColIc. T. Beritlc; Prevention of long-term sequelae following the'absorption of Lead, 0. Malcolm; arid Interrelationship of biochemical responses to the absorption of inorganic Lead, R. L. Zielhuis. , i;,.-' ; --M. C. C. 1184 MERCURY ANALYSES AND TOXICITY: May/June 1971 A REVIEW. R. A.!Baker and M. D.Luh. i Ind.-cat*s IU21-IW29. Recent intensification of interest in mercurial (iisdiarges and the^r effect oh the ecology have accelerated investigation of the analytical detection and.quantification of this pollutant. Surveys require speedy yet accurate procedures which' are not subject to interferences by other constituents . in natural or waste waters. The objective of this review is to smnnarlze seme of theknown toxicoiogi cal effects of mercurials and to examine tee Various ahalyticai procedures used in its identification and quantification. 67 references. i*> / --Cond. from text 1185 0RGAN0PH0SPHATE POISONING. D. T. :Te1te1baun.Mtd. Attn: 217: !.1704; Sept. 20, 1971 Mil by is to be complimented on hisvexcellent brief summary of poisoning, withihrga nophosphorus pesticides (see Industrial Hygiene Oigest abstract #1081, October 1971); : The hazaedto workers in pesticide ' manufacturing, fanning, and transportation indiis^ies'frqm these compounds is great. At the same time.j the importance of the organophosphoruspestlcidesin suicide and Intentional overdosage should be stressed. For example, in India, parathlon .has replaced the barbiturates as the drug of choice<tin suicide attempts. In his own practice the author has seen .three extremely severe intentional suicidal ingestions of j ma lathi on within the last year. All three patients survived by vigorous decontamination ahd use'of : j pralidoxine and atropine in massive doses, as wellj as intensive respiratory care and other medlcal j support. In one case a young glrV reguired 600 mg intravenously and 3 gm of pralidoxine intravenously in the first 24 hours, following Ingestions of a pint of SOX malathion solution.. One point should be stressed regarding the clinical signs of adequate atropinlzatiop. Milby points out that dry flushed skin, tachycardia as high as 140 beats per minute,'and.dilated pupils are the sought after end-points in the administration of atropine. In the author's own'experience, none of these is particularly reliable, and the single most useful sign of adequate atropinizatipn in acute.anticholinesterase poisoning is cessation of oral bnd trachael 'seci^tions,/.Ultimately. .that is the goal one seeks in atropine therapy and It should be kept in mind when the "drug is administered. ^ ; A . --Letter^to the edi tor , modified 1186 PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT WITH LOW'OOSE 0F{'METALS 0N:THE;ACUTE TOXICITY OF,METALS IN MICE. H. Yoshikawa. Ind. Utalth j;,'" '!'.-' ^ The present study was designed to obtaln the precisje Information on the tolerance to the acute toxicity of various kinds of metals. This .tolerance:was determined<by tee difference of mortality between the mice given tee lethal doses of metals with and withoutpretreatment, from the results of this experiment, it was found that metals wenrdivided into 3;groups as follows: Group I: Metals with which the mortality caused by challenge are reduced with pretreatment. These metals which cankdevelop a tolerance against their own texlc action are AgV^Asj,Cd,-`Mg', In,Pb,: Mn, and Sn. Group II: Metals with which their pretreatment had noL?effect on-mortalIty caused by challenging areCu, N1, Se, and-Tl. Group III: Metals with, which pretreatment increased their:mortality and these metals became more . toxic by pretreatment: Ba, Cr, Fe, and Zn. From these results,'/it can be concluded that pretreated mice show a tolerance to the toxic action of most of contaminant metals and"do^not to that of essential metals. Moreover, It was found that metals belonging to Group I have the ability to develop a cross- tolerance while those of Group II and III do not. 18 references. --Cond. from author's test. 20. 01 133 0603 j ' f ,;ir 1 -1 i. 1187 EVALUATION OF THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION IN HUMANS EXPOSED TO THE 'THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE' OF I,l,I-TrICHLUROi-HA.'ii. Salvini, S. Binascni, and m. Siva, i.-'r. IT: 536-252 July 1^71 " The ejects on the psychophysiological functions in human beings of exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroetnane (methylchloroform; MC) were evaluated by exposing six male university students to an average vaoour concentration of 450 p.p.m. for two periods of 4 hours, separated by a l^-hour interval. Each subject was examined on two different days, one day undertaking a set of tests in an atmosphere containing MC vapour and on the other day in a "control" atmosphere which did not contain MC. On each of the two days a series of tests was performed at 8:30 a.m. and repeated at 6 p.m. They comprised a perception test with tachistoscopic presentation, Wechsler Memory Scale, a complex reaction time test, and a manual dexterity test. A crossed scheme analysis was used. After the two exposures no disturbances in motor function, coordination, equilibrium or behaviour patterns were observed in any of the subjects; the>-e were some complaints about eye irritation at the peak exposure periods. The following conclusion may be drawn from the results. In humans exposed to a vapour concentration of MC of 4S0 p.p.m. the psychophysiological functions studied were not decreased. The low percentage reduction in' performance which was observed is not statistically significant. In the perception test an interaction between exposure to MC and mental fatigue was observed. --Authors' abst. 1188 THE ABSORPTION OF PHOSGENE BY AQUEOUS SOLUTIONSAND ITS RELATION AmT-Tcs7~ITT"-527-233T"3eptI 19^1 TO TOXICITY. T. Nash and R. E. Pattle. Phosgene is poorly absorbed when the gas in air is passed at a moderate rate through water or neutral buffer in a simple bubbler. Absorption is unchanged in acid solution but increased in alkaline, and increased still more in solutions containing non-ionized amines, phenoxide ions or sulphite. It is concluded from data on the solubility and rate of hydrolysis that phosgene in molecular form can penetrate all three layers of the blood-air barrier and that its effects are caused by molecular phosgene and not by hydrochloric acid. The upper respiratory tract is protected against phosgene by hydrolysis in the mucus layer; chlorine, by contrast, can penetrate the layer and attack the tissues. --Authors' abst. 1189 STUDIES ON NITROGLYCOL POISONING: ON SOME PROPERTIES OF AN ENZYME WHICH DECOMPOSES NITROGLYCOL INTO INORGANIC NITRATE. H. Tsuruta and H. Hasegawa. 2nd. .-.ezizr 8i 99-118, October 1970 An enzyme, which catalyzes the decomposing reaction of nitroglycol or nitroglycerin into inorganic nitrate and ethylene glycol mononitrate, was found in the blood and in the liver. This enzyme was named as "Nitrate forming enzyme". Both the enzymes in the blood and in the liver showed the same properties, but they were clearly different from nitrite forming enzyme reported by Heppel and Hilmore {J. Biol. Chem. 183: 129, 1950). Nitrate forming enzyme was extracted from acetone powder of the liver and partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The value of Michaelis constant of the enzyme was about 3.0nM at pH 7.4 and 37*0, and the value of optimun pH was 6.3. This enzyme acts on nitroglycol without reduced glutathione (GSH) as a co-factor, although nitrite forming enzyme can not act in the absence of GSH. A significant property of this enzyme is the inactivation by the substrate itself, and it appears at very low concentrations of nitroglycol. 17 references. --Authors' abst. modified 1190 NERVOUS DISORDER IN ACUTE CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. M. Sato and H. Hasegawa. 2nd. 8: 168-163, "Bee .""1575---------------------------------------- In acute carbon monoxide poisoning the action of carbon monoxide on living organism has not been recognized to be explained satisfactory on the basis of oxygen lack alone, and thus some factors which might explain the essential properties of carbon monoxide poisoning nave been assumed and investigated. The authors have found a factor by examining animals exposed to carbon monoxide biochemically and pharmacologically. 21. 01 133 0604 - V: - v:.v-. 1191 The factor in acute carton monoxide poisoning was the velocity of carboxyhemoglobin formation, but j ' '; r ` . . , -I.T - . ( not carbox "lercoglobin formation in itself. This factor may be named as the inner circumstance factor j correspond<ng to the outer circumstance factor. ;THis factor may also be considered to have some important roles not only in carbon monoxide poisoning but also in-many other poisonings. | ! ' --Authors' abst. modified 1 ! ' . ' ' PULMONARY OEDEMA FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO TRICHLORETHYLENE. A. J. Seage and M. W. Burns. 2: 464-466, Aug. 26, 19/1--:----------------- . ..J iV.' - i - 1 I Mad. ,\ Austral.', , ! Trichlorethylene (CH ClzC.Clg) is a commonly used industrial solvent, for example in the dry-cleaning j industry. It also holds an established place, in medical practice,.principally as an obstetric analgesic! Over the years, an anomaly has become apparent in that while its use in medicine has been comparatively j free of harmful effects, its industrial use has beenfraught with the hazard of sudden death. Such fatal collapse of healthy workers after exposure to trichlorethylene, some of whom developed pulmonary j oedema, has gone unexplained. The case reported'here of a man Who developed non-fatal pulmonary oedema } after exposure to trichlorethylene and subsequent ingestion of ethyl alcohol, suggests that alcohol may : be a serious precipitating factor in the cardio-respiratoiry toxicity.of trichlorethylene in industry. --Cond. from text i INDUSTRIAL DUSTS 1192 A COMPARISON OF MASS ANO FIBRE CONCENTRATIONS OF ASBESTOS OUST IN SHIPYARD INSULATION PROCESSES. ' P. G. Harries. Ann. 'Zoo. syg. 14: 235-240, Sept. 1971 ; Measurements have been made of the mass and fibre-concentrations of.dust produced duringfshipyard processes involving asbestos insulating materials, j Comparison of the results of measuring total dust, "respirable" dust and fibre concentration show that gravimetric measurements are not suitable for environmental monitoring in Naval Dockyards. The membrane filter technique for estimating fibre concentration is recommended for that purpose. - .-.-Author's abst. 1193 TOXIC GASES IN TOWER SILOS. B. T. Conmins, F. J. Raveney and M. W. Jesson. Am-.' Css: .-:yg. 14: 275-263, Sept.'1971------------- ~ , Toxic gases are evolved from crops during the preparation of silage for winter feeding of animals. I Very, dangerous concentrations may be reached in the course of fermentation in tower silos. Several fatalities have occurred following exposure to silage gases and the cause of death has commonly been attributed j to nitrogen dioxide poisoning.. There is usually no need for men to enter silo towers but they, may ! have to go in to cover stored crops with plastic sheets to prevent mould formation, or to remove this j sheeting before unloading the silage, or they may have to enter when there is a breakdown of unloading machinery. The concentrations of.toxic gases liberated in tower silos have been measured. The relevance of these concentrations to the.health of workers exposed to these gases is discussed. j --Cond. from text j 1194 ASBESTOS OUST CONCENTRATIONS IN SHIP REPAIRING. Pi. G. Harries. Am. Occ. Hyg. 14 : 241-254, Sept. 1971 A survey of the asbestos fibre concentrations associated with work involving asbestos insulating materials has been undertaken in Oevonport Dockyard. The results show that application and removal of asbestos materials both create high dust concentrations, and'measures to reduce the health hazards associated with such processes are described.: The results* of lsampling after the Introduction of preventive measures are briefly presented and these results indicate that the precautions are effective in ! reducing the asbestos dust concentrations in shipyard insulation processes. --Author's abst. ! * * 22. 01 133 0605 1195 sequential ;sserva*::ns on pulmonary ~jnc*:;nal :;r;uevents in bagassosis. o. e. Jennas. 9*. ai. . - ! 1 123: 5I5-:4C, Octocer ir71 8agassosis oevelosed in three patients following reoeated exposure to bagasse nandled in cne .i.anufactjre of mud used for oil drilling ooerations. Physiologic studies were carried out with prolonged observations. All oatients recovered without corticosteriod therapy. Main abnormalities were reduction in lung volumes, diminished diffusing capacity, hypoxemia, and low pulmonary compliance. No airways obstruction or imoairrent of intraoulmonary gas distribution was noted. Functional defects improved within two r-ont^s; maximtfn recovery as achieved after six months. Since all patients were treated symptomatically, tne speed and extent of recovery may be considered as a baseline for persons with normal pulmonary function results before and after illness who have had no more than one clinical episode of bagassosis. Authors' abst. 1196 ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS. :*c. 126: 57(5-561, 'Oct. l97l----------------- M. C. Jordan, C. W. Bierman, and P. P. VanArsdel. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis has been reported infrequently in the United States. Two patients with this syndrome are described. Both had pulmonary infiltrates, peripheral eosmophilia, positive immediate skin responses to As?a:'g-:y.-*s, and serin precipitins against AszergiI .`..a extract. One patient also developed a "late" Arthus-type skin reaction. Lung biopsy specimens of both patients showed peribronchiolar and alveolar infiltration with plasma cells and eosinophils. Excellent clinical responses to corticosteroids were observed and the fungi were eliminated from the sputum. The speci-'icity of imnunologic and cutaneous tests in fungal hypersensitivity was investigated in 26 subjects, ten of whom had asthma related to fungal allergens. No false-positive reactions to Aspercillus occurred. However, serum samples from 25 subjects demonstrated precipitin reactions with .EaZmntcosroriv extract. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed that these precipitins were nonspecific reactions with serum beta lipoprotein and did not involve Y-globulin. 20 references. --Authors" summary 1197 INSULATION WORKERS IN BELFAST: COMPARISON OF A RANDOM SAMPLE WITH A CONTROL POPULATION. Wallace and J. H. M. Lang lands, er-lt. -nz. y.ed. 28: 211-216, July 1971 W. F. M. A sample of 50 men was chosen at random from the population of asbestos insulators in Belfast and matched vs-r` with a control series of men of similar occupational group with respect to age, height, and smoking habit. Significantly more of the insulators complained of cough and scutum and had basal rales on examination. Clubbing was assessed by means of measurements of the hyponychial angle of both index V-'; fingers. These angles were significantly greater in the group of insulators. Twenty-one insulators had x-rays which showed pleural calcification with or without pulmonary fibrosis; one control x-ray showed pulmonary fibrosis. The insulators had no evidence of airways obstruction but static lung volume was reduced and their arterial oxygen tension was lower than that of the controls and their alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient was greater. 34 references. --Authors' abst. 1198 INSULATION WORKERS IN BELFAST: MORBIDITY IN MEN STILL AT WORK. J. H. M. Langlands, W. F. M.-Wallace, and Marion J. C. Simpson. Sir.i. 2nd. ::ed. 25: 217-225, July 1971 'ki Two hundred and fifty-two (935) of the insulation workers in Belfast were examined by chest x-ray, k : questionaire, clinical examination, and tests of respiratory function. The frequency of chest x-ray abnormality lung field or pleural, increased from 135 in men who had worked for less than 10 years to 855 in men who had worked for 30 or more years in the industry. Pleural calcification was found in 15 x-rays. There was evidence suggesting that some men had pleural fibrosis or calcification due to exposure to asbestos in childhood. Rales were present in 611 and clubbing in 111 of men with lung field abnormality, but these were not common when the x-rays showed only pleural abnormality. Where the lung fields were involved there was a restrictive defect with impairment in lung function most 23. 01 133 0606 ***'" !__' t ,;iIj. ; - ___ ________ ____________ I. ' * |' I ' ` marked in the forced vital capacity and sihglejbreath carbon monoxide transfer factor, but where the pleura was involved witv:ut lung'field'involvement there was a tendency1 to impairment of ventilatory! function with a normal .nsfer factor. Cigarette, smoking was associated with a greater impairment of lung function than was x-ray abnormality. - --Authors' aost. 1199 INSULATION WORKERS IN BELFAST: MORTALITY; 1940466. P. C. Elmes and Marion j. C. Simpson, >_i. mu. 28:"22?-23S. July 19>1 ; j .. Briz. ,\ j One hundred and seventy men were identified as,making.up the total' population of insulation workers I in Belfast in 1940. This is an analysis of all the information about deaths that has emerged from [ tracing these men up to the end of 1966. Five remain untraced, and the mortality experience of the ! remainder is compared with that of other men ini Northern Ireland over the period. There were 98 deaths when only 37 were expected. The niniber of deaths occurring exceeded those expected throughout the period 1940-66 and the increase was statistically significant during the period 1950-55 and onwards, i There was an especially high mortality.(compared with other Northern Ireland males) due to cancer ofJ the lung, mesothelioma of. the pleura and perito'neun, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, and fibrotic lesions of the lungs. The ratio of observed over.expected deaths was 2.6 for all causes, 3.9 for all cancers, and 17.6 for^cancers of the lower respiratory tract and:pleura., Those men finally classified as dying from lung cancer showed evidence of lung fibrosis whereas those.classified as dying from ! mesothelioma did not. Comparisons within the group failed to show any relationship between age at j first exposure or duration of exposure and the excessive mortallty. There were too few non-smokers ! to show the significance of smoking. . '* _ --Authors' abst. - j 1200 ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS FOLLOWING PROVOCATIVE INHALATION OF "ALCALASE" - A PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME USED IN THE DETERtiEkY, ltoU5TRV.,. C. A. M1tche)l and I. fiandevia. Med. J: Auatral. . 1: 1363-1367, June 26, 197;: A pulmonary reaction characterized by the development of bilateral inspiratory and expiratory fine -- was observed in 11 of 29 subjects on brief exposure to aerosol "Alcalase", a proteolytic enzyme used; in detergent powders. The concentration of "Alcalase" producing the reaction varied from *.01 to ! 10 mg/ml (tending to be lower iirskln-sensitized subjects), within the range likely to be encountered under the working conditions obtaining at the time.. The pulmonary reaction occurred alone in four ! subjects.. In the remaining seven subjects, it was associated with, although temporally independent : of, an immediate or late bronchial reaction, as indicated by the development of asthmatic symptoms and a decrease in FEVj. Symptoms,were absent or.minimal in the absence,of a .bronchia! reaction. Neither! skin sensitivity nor symptoms on industrial exposure were.related to the development of rales on. ' challenge. The reaction, which presumably occurs,;1n the bronchioles or:small airways, raises the | J possibility of long-term effects, and raises special problems and,obligations in medical surveillance during individual exposures and as a long-term procedure. ; --Authors' abst. 1201 THE USE OF OUST RESPIRATORS IN THE PREVENTION OF RECURRENCE OF FARMER'S LUNG. C. A. Gouriey and j G. 0. Braidwood. Trans. Soe. Oce.'Med. 21:.'-93-9^-July 1971- . The wearing of dust respirators has been advised for the prevention of dust-induced pulmonary disease in agricultural workers (Medical Research Council 1968). The effectiveness of such respirators In the prevention of recurrence of farmer's lulig-has been questioned (Medical Research Council 1968). This { article reports the results of a "provocative trial" carried out on a farmer who suffers from farmer's lung, together with findings from other farmers, who have been using respirators for some months. ! j: ; --Authors' sumary modified | . 01 133 0607 !" ' ' " - ", '. i ' . J. it 1202 PRICK-TESTS AND SEROLOGICAL TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ALLERGIC REACTIVITY TO ENZYMES USED IN WASHING PRODUCTS. M. J. How and G. W. Cambridge. 581 303-307, July 1971 Standardized prick-test antigens for use in the detection of allergic reactivity to enzymes (Alcalase and Maxatase) used in washing products have been prepared. These materials contained all the potentially allergenic components of the crude enzyme preparations. Tests showed that these materials were more appropriate, as prick-test antigens, than the crystalline enzyme. The presence of reagin-mediated, iirmediate-type allergy in factory workers was confirmed by prick-tests and passive transfer tests. Sera from these subjects and controls contained enzyme-specific haemagglutinating antibody and gave precipitin-like reactions with solutions of Alcalase and Maxatase. The latter reaction involved serum components electrophoretically similar to, or identical with, a-globulins. --Authors' abst. PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1203 THERMAL LIMITS FOR INDUSTRIAL WORKERS. July 1971 C. R. Bell and A. J. Watts. 3rit. Ind. Med. 28: 259-264, The literature on relationships between man's comfort, efficiency, and physical well-being and the nature of his thermal working environment is diverse and highly specific. Industrial practice requires more general "concensus" data on which to base reasonable reconmendations for the establishment of thermal environmental limits. A series of three such limits is proposed which provide protection of the workers' comfort, efficiency, and physiological safety. For sedentary workers it is suggested that in summer an upper limit of 21.8 C C.E.T. is advisable if not less than 80* of workers are to be free from discomfort. Against a similar criterion in winter a lower limit of 15.5 C C.E.T. is proposed. An extrapolation of data from laboratory to industrial work-places provides a suggested limit for efficiency at skilled tasks at 26.7 C C.E.T. Finally, a limit of environmental severity based upon an absence of severe physiological distress in 95* of exposed workers is proposed which varies with the age and physical fitness of the workers and the physical demands of the work they are called upon to perform. 37 references. --Authors' abst. 1204 HEAT ACCLIMATIZATION BY THE PREVENTION OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING. 42: 879-881, August 1971 E. Shvartz and 0. Benor. Aerosz. Vec. The effect of a heat-acclimatization program was assessed in 5 male subjects by a work-heat test (5 km/hr; 50 C; 20* relative humidity). The acclimatization program included 4 exposures to 40 C, over a period of 2 weeks during which the men walked on a treadnill at a speed of 3.5 km/hr while wearing vapor-barrier suits. Acclimatization resulted in final mean heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, and sweat rate of 125 beats/min, 37.8 C, 37.7 C, and .918 kg/hr respectively. Three of the subjects, whose pre-acclimatization values were compared, showed mean heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature and sweat rate decrease of 21 beats/min, 1.0 C, 0.1 C and .113 kg/hr respectively. Sweat rate, expressed as per degree rise in rectal temperature, about doubled. These results suggest that preventing evaporative cooling presents a major factor in heat acclimatization. --Authors' abst. 1205 THE NURSE'S ROLE IN INDUSTRIAL HEARING CONSERVATION. Debra Glover. National Safety .7u 104: 62-15, Sept. 1371--------------------------------------- In the not too distant past, management - in Its insensitivity to the problem of hearing loss and in its conservative attitude as far as its responsibility towards the employee frustrated the industrial nurse's most enthusiastic efforts. Today, management is better informed, and it is aware of the necessity for assuming responsibility in the establishment and development of an effective hearing * 25. 01 133 0608 .: s ` . J LLL __ ' . '-1 conservation program. Much of the success of a, hearing conservationprogram depends upon the competence and e"husiasm of the nurse, who is often the bnly link betl*een ,management and the employee. The nurse attitudes, enlightened or .-otherwise, expressed verba 1.1 yor by general demeanor/ can augment or frustrate the best intentions of plant,management. --Cond. from text 1206 HEALTH HAZARDS OF A COMPRESSED-AIR ENVIR0M1ENT.v Anon j Sac., seait.h Su::.,' 25: 1-4, (No. 11/12) 1970 This general discussion of the hazards^of work In compressed air'covers: exposure (classes of workers concerned); effects of pressure on the body; hazards (decompressionsickness ^nitrogen narcosis, embolism, ruptured eardrums ^poisoning from contam1nated;>if); compressed air contaminants, their sources and symptoms; purity standards for compressed air (CO: 10 ppm by volume, CO.: 500 ppm by . j- " -^ -'3 ' * volume, oil and particulate matter : 5 mg/m up to 2 atm; 1 mg/m above 2 atm). Reference is made to the fact that most of the workers ..involved in inadequately trained. --Occ. Safety A Health Absts. 1207 AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF LENS OPACITIES AMONG.STEEL WORKERS. 26: 2S5-271"July 1971" -------- v ' * ; . y J. Wallace, et al. Srit. 2nd. :-!ed. To investigate the relationship between the prevalence of-cataract and heat exposure,.two groups of steel workers, differing widely in their.: heat exposures were examined. Estimates of'heat exposure were based on detailed industrial histories and (a) subjective estimates of heat exposure associated with various occupations and (b) actual measurements. Only'two cases of. cataract were found that would be generally accepted as "occupational" in origin, but a higher'prevalence of the comhon form of. cataract Was found in the heat-exposed group than in the non-exposed group. . --Authors' abst. 1208 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO COOLING THE HEAD ANO'NECK VERSUS THE TRUNK ANO LEG AREAS IN SEVERE HYPERTHERMIC immmn. Kissen, J. f. Half- W'ffifcxleppilj^.'^42: 652-666. August 1971 ----------T Physiologic responses to an hour, hyperthermic.stress|{66 C ambient air, 10 nm Hg ambient vapor pressure), where the head was maintained in comfort, were compared with those obtained under unventilated and air- , cooled undergarment (MA-3) conditions. Head and MA-3Vvent11at1pn temperature was 15.SC. Air flow to the head and one MA-3 sub-condition was S'cfm. For the remaining MA-3 sub-condition it was 12 cfm. Head ventilation, involving merely 8S of total body surface area; more effectively reduces physiologic strain (in terms of cardiovascular and,sudomotorresponses) than;ventilation of 60S (MA-3) of total body surface area under equivalent (5 cfm) or even operational (12 cfm) conditions. The premise is advanced that inclusion of the cold sensitive facial area in the cooling system design inhibits the otherwise active discharge of neural impulses from thermoreceptors. Depression of this neurogenic activity significantly attenuates* the response of heat-compensatory mechanisms. --Authors' abst. 1209 EFFECT OF A LOCAL COOLING VEST WITH COj-ICE AS COOLING MATERIAL,ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MAN IFA WrMlWWEWf. T Hiura. et al. T.-Sai^zab^^}y' 305-336; June" 1571 (Jap.)-------- "-----" An experiment was conducted for purpose .of examining;the, effect,of a local cooling vest with C0--ice * . . ..... .1 i ' ' <\ " ` as cooling material upon the physiological functions of man. in a hot environment. Results obtained were as follows: Regarding O2 Intake and respiration rate, no significant differences were found between subject with and without cooling vest;' The rise of skin temperature bn the chest and the back as well as the mean skin temperature of the whole body, surface due to.heat exposure was significantly suppressed by the cooling vest; The rectal temperaturef.wbuld rijse !up to 38*38/5C-during heat exposure without a cooling vest;- The rise as such was;also suppressed by the cooling vest; The effect of the cooling vest was slightly noted on the heart rate;; The local perspiration on the chest was significantly reduced by the cooling vest; The air temperature and relative humidity under fatigue dress were significantly lowered by the cooling vest; The extrarenal water loss during exposure to heat was reduced by the ... 26. 01 133 0609 i cooling vest; Regarding the specific gravity of the whole blood, serun refractive index, hematocrit, urinary excretion of Na, K, total 17 OHCS and vanillylmanderic acid, no significant difference was found between subjects with and without cooling vests. In short, the local cooling vest with CO^-ice as cooling material seems to be feasible in attenuating the heat stress of workers under not enviromental conditions. --Cond. from authors1 abst. 1210 EFFECT OF ACCLIMATIZATION TO ALTITUDE AND COLD ON BASAL HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, RESPIRATION AND BREATH-HOLDING IN MAN. C. S. Nair, et al. Aerosp. Med. 351-855, August 1471 Basal heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and maximun breath-holding time were studied in 20 healthy subjects of age group 22-28 years at an altitude of .11,000 ft. They were divided into two groups. One group was subjected to hypoxia, while the other group was exposed to hypoxia and cold simultaneously. The results indicate that simultaneous exposure to hypoxia and cold brought about a return of heart rate to near sea-level values and elevated basal minute ventilation. Basal blood pressure and respiratory rate did not show any significant change. Maximun breath-holding time showed a trend towards a rise after 10 days, while the other group (hypoxia alone) lagged behind in this response. --Authors1 abst. RADIOACTIVITY AND X-RADIATION 1211 DIAGNOSTIC RADIATION AND THE PROTECTION OF THE PATIENT. J. L. Weeks. Ind. Med. Stay. 40: 24-28. August 1971 The reasons for current views on radiological protection are discussed in relation to medical practice. The need for careful evaluation of diagnostic procedures involving the use of ionizing radiation is emphasized, together with the need for achieving and maintaining high standards of radiological technique. -TAuthor's abst. 1212 AN INEXPENSIVE rf SHIELD FOR USE WITH RADIATION SURVEY INSTRUMENTS. lS: 442, Sept. 1970 W. S. Properzio. Health Physics Description of an open-mesh bag consisting of silvered nylon, in which instrunents can be placed to protect them from radio frequency interference when conducting radiation surveys. The_open weave ensures satisfactory legibility of the dials and the flexibility of the material permits easy manipulation of instrunent controls. The bag has very little effect on the radiation response of instrunents. --Occ. Safety & Health Absts. 1213 RESPONSE OF THE 00G TO 24,000 AND 128S MHz MICROWAVE EXPOSURE. W. B. 6eichmann. Ind. Med. Surg. 18-23, August idA S. M. Michaelson, J. W. Howland, and Comparison of chronic exposure of dogs exposed to 24,000 MHz and 1,285 MHz, 20-24 mW/cm* demonstrated certain transitory physiologic effects which are not significant when compared with matched controls. Long-term follow-up showed no abnormalities in the exposed animals at either energy level. The results of these chronic exposures performed at 20 mW/cm at both ends of a wide band of microwave frequencies (24,000 MHz; 1,285 MHz) support the safety of the 10 mW/cm^ standard for microwave exposure. --Authors' conclusion 1214 THE INTENSITY ANO SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION FROM WELDING ARCS IN RELATION TO THE MY6bt()Mtt$ITlfy< 0? GASES. j. a. Oahlberg. Am. Occ. Hyg. 14: 254-267, Sept. 1$71 The intensity and spectral distribution of the ultraviolet emission from arcs produced during the welding of cast Iron, stainless steel, aluminun and copper, both with covered electrodes and with inert gas shields, have been measured. vr o6io From a knowledge of tjie./elevant parameters, the extent of photochemical 27. ' J breakdown corresponding to the measured intensity.of emission over each wavelengtn interval may oe j j calculated. By. this, means the photodecompositibn of trichloroethylene to phosgene and dichloroacetyl chloride has been calculated; the results obtained are of .the same order as the. concentrations measured in welding shops. --Author's abst. : .. . ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS |. j 1215 A PORTABLE; BATTERY-OPERATED, IMMEDIATE^EADOUT DUST-PARTICLE ANALYZER. V. Withstandley, W. J. Mordz and G. W. Anderson. J. Air Poll. Control Aaan. 21: ^71-5^3, Sept. 1971. A portable, battery-operated, electro-optical 'dust analyzer operating on the principle oflight scattering i . from individual dust particles in air drawn through a high-intensity light field has been developed! for monitoring dust levels where externa! power may be unavailable. The instrunent is convenient to operate and requires no special operator training. The prototype described is undergoing further .{ design improvements, but testing has shown that it operates satisfactorily. The unit is now available commercially. ^ , --Cond. from text j 1216 INSTRUMENTAL METWO SUBSTITUTES,FOR VISUAL ESTIMATION OF EQUIVALENT OPACITY. H. C. McKee. ! Poll. Control Aaan. 21: .488-490, August. 1971, , ... r . 1 Many air pollution control regulations limit the emission of visible effluents, based on the visual j observation of "equivalent opacity.'.' Because of difficulties encountered in using visual observation, the Texas Air Control Board developed a method of calibration which made it possible to use an : Instrumental method for measuring visible emissions. A legal regulation based on this instrumental , method has been in effect for almost two yean: Despite minor difficulties in calibration and I maintenance, results have been satisfactory. The use, of the instrumental method avoids many of the'i difficulties inherent in using a regulation based on visual observation, and continued use of the i instrumental method is anticipated. --Author's abst. ' PREVENTIVE ENGINEERING 1217 DISPOSAL OF SOLID HASTES. P. A. Hitt'. Chm.'Eng. 78: 62-78, Oct. 4, 1971 i Solid wastes differ from air and water,pollutants in that they remain at the point of origin until a! management decision is made tb dispose of them.' The technology is available and awaits no major breakthrough, only management's decision to spend the money. The most economic methods should be evaluated first from the standpoint of minimum adverse effects upon the company's image. In isolated cases, it may be possible,to make a profit from byproducts obtained from solid wastes, but the best | that can be hoped for as of now is a means to minimize disposal costs. Recycling, incineration, landfill or ocean dunpihg are all means of disposing of process wastes and plant trash. Which disposal method >. is best should be based on economics and on pollution abatement regulations. Oata are given on both.1 ,r 69 references. --Cond. from text ' 1 ` ' . . ` ' I 1218 COOLING HOT GASES FROM DRY PROCESS CEMENT KILNS. C. 0. Doyle and S. A. Reigel. Ht and Quarry July |l971 The major source of dust emissions;,in a cement plant is the kiln. A .typical emission value for the dry process kiln is 46 1b. of dust per bbl. of cement produced, in addition to the dust emissions, the j average kiln also produces approximately 2,000 lb. of hot gas per bbl.- It is because of the large volumes of gas generated that the dust collection equipment on the kiln represents such a large capital expenditure in a cement plant. The hot, dust-laden gases exit the kiln at 1200*-1600* F., depending upon kiln operation. Since most of the ddst is smaller than 10 microns in size, the cannon dust collection sy: . v,...'-' " 011330611 ! - ' ' `L-l - r i' !!: r. ''.- 15 - j'- ________________________ _______________________________ ______:________ on a kiln consists of inertial collectors in series with either an electrostatic precioitator or a fabric collector bagnouse. The maximum operating temperature of a baghouse is 550F. wnen eauipced w-th fiberglass bags. On the other hand, the collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators is increased with the addition of moisture in the carrier gas, thus lowering the apparent electrical resistivity of the entrained dust. The economic advantages of evaporative systems to obtain both cooling and humidification have made them the most frequently used systems on dry process kilns. There are two basic approaches to evaporative cooling in cement kilns: (a) the introduction of spray water in the kiln feed end prior to the gas exiting, and (b) the design of a separate vessel in which the spray is evaporated. Recently, the authors conducted several plant inspections supplemented by discussions with plant and corporate personnel of installations involving both types of systems. This paper is devoted to the results of these investigations. --Cond. from text 1219 DON'T LET THE COLO AIR IN - USE A 000RWAY HEATER. J. H. Weems. Plant Zng. 25: 134-135, Sept. 16, 1971 Door heaters are mandatory in ensuring the success of the overall building heating system by maintaining adequate beat when doors are open. The design of the door heater is just as important as its placement and application. Effective designs are based upon a proper combination of cfm, discharge velocities, temperature of discharge air and discharge pattern. While there are a number of variations, these four criteria, in proper proportion, must be considered basic to the design of satisfactory door heaters. --Cond. from text 1220 ROOFTOP HEATING AND COOLING UNITS. Anon. Plant Eng. 25: 31-36, Sept. 30, 1971 Use of rooftop heating and cooling units for comfort conditioning at industrial plants is growing in popularity. Although these units invariably have higher operating and maintenance costs than central systems, their lower first cost and ease of installation are advantages that plant engineers are finding hard to ignore. With all of these advantages, it would seem that the rooftop system is the ideal choice. Unfortunately, it is not without faults and plant engineers would be well advised to study each shortcoming carefully to minimize future difficulties. The development of a specification chart, which is included in this article, seems to have raised more questions than it has answered. Nevertheless, the chart supplies basic data that should prove helpful in selecting rooftop units. Subsequent articles, now being developed, will deal with the fine points of system efficiency and provide additional information to aid in interpreting the chart data. --Cond. from text COMMUNITY AIR HYGIENE 1221 NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTANTS - A CRITICAL REVIEW. J. M. Heuss, G. J. Hebei . and J. M. Colucci. J. Air Poll. Control Aten. 21: 535-544, 5ept. 1971 A critical review of the studies which form the basis for the national air quality standards for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, and photochemical oxidants Indicates that the standards are unduly restrictive.. The adverse effects associated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with these pollutant concentrations are not substantiated by the data. Moreover, in setting the standards, EPA did not give proper attention to studies which show no adverse effects at these concentrations and extrapolated the results of other studies of questionable validity. This has resulted in air quality standards so restrictive that they may be exceeded by natural processes alone. Based on all of the available data, less restrictive standards are suggested which would adequately protect the public health and welfare. 52 references. --Authors' summary Editor's Hots: In a discussion of the above by 0. S. Barth, et al, in the same issue of the Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association it was stated "Which concern should take priority in the establishment of National Air Quality Standards, economic considerations or protection of the public 01 133 0612 # V'< --v; r;-.: `X. -VX X- X-yX:' ;; -<x I health? He strongly embrace the concept that the protection of the public health must take precedence. At the same time, however, we!are ,implementing,major, research programs to develop missing scientific; data; and, when the results of. this research become available, we stand ready to recommend alteration of our standards as indicated,whether it be up or down., Until these results are available, however, l we feel that the existing standards are appropriate and that they represent a reasonable and prudent , definition of the air.pollution control needs in the United 5>tates to assure adequate protection of ' the public health. We cannot accept the thesis that adverse health effects for each air pollutant for defined concentrations.and exposure times must be proved beyond the shadow of a doubt to everyone's j satisfaction before protective action can be taken. Adverse effects must be prevented; they must not be permitted to occur. The Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory program presently reflects this preventive-medicine philosophy, and we submit that no other approach can be countenanced.'' --M.C.C 1222 EARTH DAY HISTOPLASMOSIS. R. J. Pass and S. Saslaw. ,Aren. ' Int.' !-ied. 128 : 588-590, Oct. 1971 \ In the United States, histoplasmosis is endemic.in.the Mississippi-Missouri-Ohio River Valley where a) warm, moist environment provides optimal conditions for the growth of-His top lasru'sspsu latum in a j favorable soil. .'Infection is not limited to this geographic.area, however, and in both endemic and j nonendemic areas, microenvironments ,of both high and .low incidence of Infection exist. Diagnosis of a case of histoplasmosis in a schoolteacher led to the clarification of the etiology of an epidemic of i an influenza-like illness involving ah intermediate school in Delaware, Ohio. The onset of the illness in those involved occurred within a several day period. The comnon denominator was the Earth Oay j activities of students and faculty in their clean-up. program two weeks earlier on April 22, 1970. j , --Cond. from text |- 1223 POLLUTION - THE RISK AM) INSURANCE PROBLEM. W. G. Brockmeier. For the Defense 12: 77-BO, Sept. 19Jjl This article discusses in.part,the history and development of pollution insurance with respect to the! general liability policy.. However, this, is orilyla-part of the total impact of the pollution problem ; on industry and risk management. In fact, pollution and its attendant problems are truly problems in j industrial risk management and not problemsininsurance. Industrial management must be involved in j the identification,of the risk, inthe elimination.or reduction of the hazard, in the decision of j whether or nqt to assume the risk and in the determination ;of how the risk might be transferred, if at! all. We must perhaps face the fact that the results of pollution are, by and large, really not a subject of insurance. For one thing,, the results of certain.activities are fairly foreseeable in many, instances.! Secondly, pollution may be viewed.as a dynamic risk" rather than a static risk. In this context, we J must realize that a certain degree.of pollution/is inevitable TM any industrial society. The balance ; between the benefit to society resulting from carrying on the industrial activity in a particular j manner must be weighed against the floss-to society due to the resulting decrease in the quality of the! environment. This balancing,process.will be largely a matter of.fthe consensus of society, to be arrived at through the political process. ,j --Cond. from text 1224 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TRAINING IN COLLEGES ANO UNIVERSITIES IN THE UNITEO STATES. H. K. Cota. *. Poll. Control Assn. 21: 5^9-562, Sept. 1971 .... . f j A nationwide survey of air pollution control training efforts in the United States at colleges and 1 universities was carried out for the S-ll-Education and Training Committee, Air Pollution Control { Association. Information from 91 schools havingjfour year or graduate programs and five community j colleges was received. Questions include type oft> course work, backgrounds of participating faculty and students, and eventual placements At thepresent time about 70S of those in training are graduate students. It was found that most students taking initial employment in air pollution control activities had the M.S. degree. Recommendations for updating thisinformation are made. --Author's abst. 1 % so. 01 133 0613 ! .. ' I '' ` i s f. MANAGEMENT ASPECTS 1225 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL FOR THE NEXT TEN YEARS. M. M. Key and S. J. Reno. 51: 1583-1585, August 1971 This paper offers an historical review, an assessment of the present status, and some indication of the immediate future of federal programs in the field of occupational health. The next ten years will see occupational health programs finally obtain the visibility and importance they deserve. Such attainment will not be without the traumatic experiences of reorganization and increased work demands. Workers, their leaders, and the public will recognize the problems and demand their solution. Demands created by new legislation will tax the resources of our profession to the maximim. The competition for public funds in the 70s will be even more severe than in the 60s, but hopefully the planners will finally realize that preventive dollars are better spent than are medical care dollars. Those wno have been working to protect and enhance the health of the American worker will eventually have the satisfaction of seeing this achieved on a national basis for all workers. --Cond. from text 1226 APPLIED CONCEPTS OF AUTOMATION IN AN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL PROGRAM. J. L. Craig and 0. M. Derryberry. Suz'g. 40: 9-17, August 1971 This is a discussion of the various ways automation has been adapted to the occupational health program of the Tennessee Valley Authority. TVA has found that automation relieves the medical staff of timeconsuming medical and administrative tasks; it frees clerical personnel for other work; it assists, in maintaining accurate, dependable records; it aids in monitoring the health of employees; it helps to detect needs in the health services; and it makes medical data easily retrievable. Automation in the TVA health program described is divided into three major categories: (1) Automation of medical records; (2) Computer electrocardiography; (3) Automated centralized medical laboratory. Cond. from text 1227 NEW COMMISSION FOR STUDY OF ACCREDITATION OF SELECTED HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMS. :-ied. nssn. 2l6: 238-239, Oct. 11, 1971 J. F. Volker. The medical profession and academic institutions need to consider the most effective ways to assure that allied health personnel will be adequately prepared to meet their practice responsibilities. It is hoped that this will be accomplished by the Connission for the Study of Accreditation of Selected Health Educational Programs (SASHEP), which was announced in December 1970, and will be conducted over a 21-month period. The public interest requires that a means be found to promote collaboration between professional associations in allied health and educational institutions in an effort to create a new system of accreditation that will make possible a coherent, flexible, and rational approach to manpower development. --Cond. from text 1228 CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE SOVIET UNION. P. B. Storey. .Vu Engl. J. r.ed. 285: 437-442, August 19, 1971 Physicians in the USSR practice within a system organized for flow of health-care services to the public, and for flow of patients to appropriate back-up diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. The present medical-education policy of the USSR Ministry of Health is oriented toward increasing the qualifications of all physicians. This poses a complex problem for postgraduate medical education in the Soviet Union. To meet the challenge the Ministry has evolved an educational system that binds all phases of medical education and is noteworthy for its eonriyient of personnel, financial and organizational resources to the lifelong inprooerem of a physician's knowledge and skills. The most important role is that of the 13 Institutes for Advanced Education of Physicians, under the leadership of the Central Institute in Moscow. --Author's abst. 31. 01 * r ; * ____4-__________________________________ ' , ' - :r': ! I 1229 DOCTORS AND THE COMMON MARKET. Anon. 3rit.--Had. 3: 133, July 17, 1971 j I The Government's white paper on the Common Market, published last week after the B.M.J. had gone to press refers to organized medicine in a single sentence: "Accession to the Coomunity will not alter it. jny way the National Health.Service." This bleak stttement is largely true. There are no reciprocity agreements for medical qualifications within.the; European Economic Comunity (EEC)i there is no j uniformity in specialist or postgraduate training, and there is not even.any arrangement for reciprocal benefits for nationals of one member state from the.social or health services of another. Accession to the E.E.C. would not leave medicine totally unaffected. Animal health standards within the community are to be the subject of an expert working group (para 151 of the white paper), and this will have important implications for current British policy on diseases such as brucellosis. Mobility of labour within the community could mean that more Europeans would come.here seeking work in the N.H.S.; or lower-paid workers in the Health Service might find better prospects in Europe. The current negotiations have again ignored medicine:^ but this should;not have come as a surprise, since European medical opinion is agreed that during.negotiations of this kind "if the price of cauliflowers is right who cares a damn about the doctor?" r-Cond. from text UiO DIlEKKA OF A DRUG ABUSE PROGRAM. U. W. Stewart, et ai: Znd. :ied. Surg. 40: 29-32, Aug. j 197.1 The point the authors are trying to convey inithis article is that industry today must look beyond the yy factory fence when social and behavioral problems, such as drug abuse, occur. This is a report of the m steps one large corporation is taking to help combat this serious problem within its own confines and within the coomunity, for drug abuse is a comhunity problem and employees are part of that coomunity. > Cond. from text j 1231 THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OF 1970 WILL COMPLEMENT THE PRESENT WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION SYST" Anon. Am. Ineur. 4?: 27-29, Sept./Oct.; 1^71 '' f ] The Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act is a law to assure workers that they do not! have to take unreasonable risks on the job. But is can also be described as a conservation measure! because it states that by providing a safe working place, the country will "preserve our human resources. ` The act states that anyone who is in a business affecting interstate comnerce is covered by the lawj This applies not only -in all of the states and} the District of Colunbia but also in all U.S. territories. However, the law does make an exception of employees who work in industries that are already regulated by. federal laws: such as the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 or the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act. The only other workers not covered under this law are federal employees, but the law states that government employees must work under conditions that at least meet the mlnimun standards of the Williams-Steiger Act. The employer must provide his employees with places of employment that are free from recognized hazards causing or.likely to cause serious physical harm and also must comply with specific safety . standards that are required by the Williams-Steiger Act. The law emphasizes that.safety and health are not .hort-range propositions. An employee who .works with dangerous chemicals.or gases should be able to work his entire professional life without suffering any ill effects. If any condition does not | meet the standards established by the act, the compllance officer informs the employer of this and . later issues a written citation ordering the employer to correct the situation within a specified period of time. Willful or repeated violations can result in penalties'up to $10,000 for each violation. If a violation, is considered>a "serious violation" (where there is substantial possibilities that death or serious physical harm could result) a fine is mandatory. --Cond. from text . . .J i 011330615 i - 32. 3 t 1232 ELEMENTS OF THE MEDICAL PROCESS: THEIR PLACE IN MEDICAL CARE PLANNING. Xed. ^san. FIT: 1226-1232, August 30, 1971 Katharine 0. Elsom. In planning for medical care, the thing which medical care is designed to deal with, human disease, is an ever-changing phenomenon. Since evidence now points to the increasing part that human perception probably will play in initiation of the diseases of tomorrow, new kinds of practitioners differently educated, will be needed to deal with these problems. Financial arrangements will be required which take these changes into account, while imaginative new practice arrangements will be needed. Realization of these facts constitutes an important component in successful planning for future medical care services. Efforts to improve the structure of medical care services through revisions in financing and administration are increasingly attracting persons from outside the medical profession with previous training in finance, insurance, engineering, and adninistration. Because such persons are unfamiliar with the nature of the medical process, their expectations of what medicine can achieve are often unrealistic. Knowledge of the nature of the component parts of the medical process, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, discloses that while in each instance there are objective data, that can be utilized effectively, important limitations exist. Furthermore at each point in the medical process the physician's clinical judgment is crucial. Future planning for the financing and organization of medical care must provide for this element in order to be successful. --Cond. from text 1233 HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE WEED SYSTEM. J. W. Hurst. Arch. Intern. Sled. 128: 456-462, Sept. 1971 Obstacles to implementing the Weed system for improving medical records so as to improve patient care, medical education, and research relate to the acceptance of an innovative system, to the mechanics of the system, and to the creation of an excellent problem list. Obstacles to acceptance and mechanics can be overcome by a small group of Interested people who make a sincere effort to influence those around them but the creation of an excellent problem list requires intense work and a thought process that Is the essence of a medical education. The- method of creating an excellent problem list is discussed. --Author's abst. ACCIDENTS AND PREVENTION 1234 ACCIOENTS DURING WORK AND TIME OF THE DAY. 0. P. Nogueira. Ind. Sled. Surg. 40: 28-30, Sept. 1971 To test the working hypothesis that the occurrence of accidents during work is related, in some way, to the "biological rhythm," 1,572 accidents occurring between 1961 and 1969 were studied in two groups of textile workers of the same constitution, working on alternated weeks, respectively, in the morning and in the afternoon-evening shifts. Each accident was related to the time of day when it occurred. '-:K: The higher incidence of accidents was observed. In both groups, at the time of day when the biological efficiency was lew; inversely, the lower incidence of accidents coincided with the periods when the biological efficiency was high, thus apparently confirming the working hypothesis. --Author's abst. modified ' 1235 PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS INVOLVED IN ACCIOENTS: A PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY. S. Ghosh and D. Banerjee. Indian J. Ind. Sled. 1ST 105-112, Sept. 1970 " An investigation of 3 psychological factors (intelligence, speed and accuracy of eye-hand co-ordination, and capacity for perceptual speed or visual discrimination) in 138 workers from an Indian automobile factory (foundry, body shop, press shop and machine shop), who were injured in industrial accidents, and of 58 controls without accident doing Identical work in the same factory. The results of the various tests, which are discussed and tabulated, clearly indicate that the accident group was less intelligent and had poorer eye-hand co-ordination, whereas no significant difference could be demonstrated between the 2 groups as regards their capacity for sensory-motor discrimination or perceptual speed (Drake's modified test). . - -Occ. Safety 4 Health Absts. 33. 01 133 0618 i 1236 ALCOHOL AS A CAUSE OF SUDDEN UNEXPECTED:0EATH| *14.- LaurieXas. * . ,Austrzi., 1: ' 1224-1227, June 5. 1971 Alcoholism anil heavy drinking-are a grave "public-health problem throughout Australia, and are responsib for 35 of all 'deaths:.^'A,suBMry.lV.'9i;yen;'of.4hr.Mysr.in i^ich.alcMip'V'can kill,.and attention is drawn to two littie-recpgnized, ,fairly :'coainbh1ways in which alcohol can cause sudden death - by cardiomyopathy, and by an interaction of relatively small doses of alcohol and psychotropic drugs. ! -"4v --Author's abst. 1237 REPETITION INJURIES IN PROCESS. WORKERS.. ^0'Fer^usont^ '/(. .-. Aussl-si. 2: 408-412, Aug. 21, 1971 An investigation was.undertaken' in a Targe electrical factory to determine the nature of upper-limb injuries attributed to process work. Methods'included analysis of injury records of 77 women whose injuries caused them to lose time at work, examination of.some of these subjects, and a study of their tasks. The injuries fell into, two broad^groupsi namely well-defined clinical syndromes such as supraspinatus tendinitis tand tennis'.elbow,'ami ill-defined symptom complexes. Work overload and faults in job and equipment design were principal influencesTM causation. There is need for ergonomic appraisal in* the design of process work,'and .for adequate .occupational medical surveillance. . . V#;A* .---Author's abst. 1238 REDUCTION OF YOUNG DRIVER CRASHES INfA^CONTROL'CEO: PILOT STUDY., S.H. Schuman,Roberta McConochie, and D. t. Pelz. Am. ..'eg. UR- 216: 233-237, Oct. 11, 1971 Previous research indicates la high accident'rate for young male drivers aged 18 to 20 years. In a pilot study, high-school seniors in a countermeasure program achieved a SOS reduction in their accident rate compared to a controlgroup during a two-year follow-up period. A similar reduction occurred in the accident rate' per 100'drivers.weighted:byjseveritjrof crashes among the countermeasure drivers.: The results are not'statistically significant,; but show promise for current trials in large populations The countermeasure program had two compohents. small group discussions weekly for seven weeks,.and personalized.driving letters sent,to pilot program seniors at six-month intervals following the discussion workshop. --Authors' abst. 1239 A NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FORiTHE EYE. L. B.1 Morgan. Ind. Med. Burg. 40: 11-13, Sept. 1971 A' A1though-many extraordinary precautions have been instituted to protect the eyes'ofjnost industrial employees, accidental eye injuries continue to occur. The vital aspects of vision dictate that employees with any eye Injuries receive ''immediate attention, care and treatment. Perhaps one of the foremost problems is that of promoting adequate drug delivery and penetration to the ocular and intraocular tissue.': The presently available ophthalmic drugs for topical use are available as aqueous solutions, viscous solutions'and ointments or igels^ . 'iNdhe of these dosage forms permi ts prolonged orj continuous retention, of the drug at the tissue site requiring medication. In 5 to 20 minutes the drug is diluted by tears and dissipated.T'Continuous delivery of the medication to ocular tissue requires continued application by the patient or* by anjattending nurse every ten minutes particularly duringj the critical phases of therapy. A new device|for continuous drug delivery to the eye or for use asja unique technic for ocular lavage,has been deve.uped. The deyice offers many distinct advantages in the updated care of industrial ocular injuries. -;s " , : "I: . --Cond. from text 1240 LIVER INJURIES; Anon. Mad. ,,\Auatral. . 2: :162t63. July 10, 1971 , - . | Although liver Injuries arebecoming increasingly comraoninmostcountries, many surgeons still feel that they .are rare andunrewarding to 'treat.-TjA--recent Australian book 'by J.M.LIttle ("The Management of Liver Injuries", 1970, E. A S. Livingstone; Edinburgh) on the subject has confirmed the high mortal-: of certain types of liver,trauma, but has also docuiwnted the remarkable reduction in mortality that , 34. 01 133 0817 can follow the introduction of a planned regime of aggressive treatment. Little and Williams (Brit. J. Surg., 1969, 56: 603, August) have pointed out the mortality of liver injury alone can be kept low among those paFients who reach hospital alive. Only one of the six deaths reported by them could be attributed to liver injury, the other five being due to associated injury, particularly to brain damage. What should be done by the surgeon in the small hospital who unexpectedly encounters a massive liver injury at laparotomy? Simple injuries can be dealt with by suture and drainage, but those that produce devitalized liver are probably best treated in a major centre. When this seems necessary, temporary haemostasis can be achieved by packing the wound and closing the abdomen. This will el low the patient to be moved with reasonable safety, and although the results of this form of management are not yet known, a few patients have survived difinitive surgery in a major hospital after transport in this fashion. --Cond. from text 1241 SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY: INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. Anon. Safety newsletter 3, Sept. 1971 Certain combinations of chemicals are remarkably explosive, poisonous, or hazardous in some other way, and these are generally avoided as a matter of course. There are many others that are perhaps equally dangerous, but the list, which is given, although not complete, may serve as a memory refresher. Some of the combinations include: Alkali metals, such as calcium, potassium, and sodium with water, carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, and other chlorinated hydrocarbons: Ammonia, anhydrous with mercury, halogens, calcium hypochlorite, or hydrogen fluoride; Oxalic acid with silver or mercury; Potassium permanganate with glycerine, ethylene glycol i benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid. --Cond. from text 01 35. . r;u 5 -.--a c g-e . :e-~ INDEX Accident(s) automobile, reduction of young driver crashesl238 during work and time of day 1234 liver injuries 1240 personality characteristics of workers 1235 repetition injuries in process workers 1237 Accreditation, health education programs 1227 Air pollution control measurement of emissions 1216 training units in U.S. 1224 risk and insurance problem 1223 Air Quality standards, automotive pollutants 1221 Alcalase acute bronchitis following inhalation 1200 Alcohol cause of death by cardiomyopathy 1236 interaction with psychotropic drugs 1236 Altitude, effects on body systems 1210 ai-Anti trypsin deficiency, screening for heterozygous 1163 pepsin inhibition 1164 Asbestos dust concentrations, shir repairing 1194 shipyard insulatic processes 1192 insulation workers morbidity in men still at work 1198 mortality Belfast 1940-66 1199 - study in Belfast 1197 Aspergillus allergicbronchopulmonary 1196 infection, complicating cardiac transplantation 1169 Automation, in occupational medical program 1226 Automobile accidents reduction of young driver crashes 1238 Automotive pollutants, air Quality standards 1221 Aviation medicine' psychopnysiologic and conversion mechanisms 1176 Bagassosis, pulmonary functional derangements 1195 Blood pressure, effect of altitude 1210 disposal of sewage and other waterborne wastes 1155 guide for setting up a record system 1161 industrial pollution control handbook 1156 Job safety and health act of 1970 1154 national electrical code. 1971 1158 radiation protection instrunentation and its application 1160 staying alive in the arctic 1159 symposiun on thoughts and views of the occupational safety and health act of 1970 1157 Breath-holding, effect of altitude 1210 Bronchitis acute following inhalation of alcalase 1200 Burn(s). electrical of mouth in children 1180 Cancer lung, histopathological definition and classification of timors 1170 Carbon monoxide poisoning, nervous disorder 1190 Cardiac abnormalities, due to licorice intoxication 1172 transplantation, complicated by aspergillus infection 1169 Cement kilns, dry process cooling hot gases 1218 Circadian rhythm alteration - * cause of travel fatigue 1175 effect on business executives 1174 Cold exposure, effects (bk.rev.) 1159 comnon market, health services 1229 compressed air environment. Health hazards 1206 rooftop units vest, effects on heat stress Copper deficiency, human 1220 1209 H66 Dermatitls(oses) researcn into psoriasis Detergent enzymes allergic reactivity cause of acute bronchitis Disposal of sewage and other waterborne wastes (bk.rev.) Drug(s) abuse program, dilemna delivery system for eyes Dust emissions, dry process cement kilns particle analyzer, portable respirators, use in farmer's lung H81 1202 1200 1155 1230 1239 1218 1215 1201 Electrical burns, mouth in children code 1971, national (bk.rev.) Emphysema, left ventricular function Enzymes, detergent allergic reactivity cause of acute bronchitis European economic community national health service Eye(s) drug delivery system epidemiological study of lens opacities among steel workers 1180 . 1158 1162 1202 1200 1229 1239 1207 Farmer's lung, use of respirators 1201 Foot care, in U.S.' 1178 Guide for setting up a record system (bk.rev.)1161 Health education programs 1227 Hean ng conservation nurse's role in industrial 1205 Heart rate, effect of altitude on basal 1210 Heat acclimatization, prevention of evaporative cooling 1204 stress effects of cooling vest 1209 epidemiological study of lens opacities among steel workers 1207 physiologic responses to body cooling 1208 thermal limits for Industrial workers 1203 Heating rooftop units 1220 systems, use of doorway heaters 1219 Histamine release enhanced by phosphatidyl serine 1167 Histoplasmosis, earth day 1222 Industrial pollution control handbook (bk.rev.) workers, thermal limits Influenza immunization, industrial Injuries, repetition in process workers Insulation workers measurement of asbestos dust in shipyard processes morbidity of men still at work mortality Belfast 1940-66 study in Belfast 1156 1203 1165 1237 1192 1198 1199 1197 36. 01 133 0619 Laboratory safety, incompatible materials 1241 Lead poisoning occupational standards for prevention 1183 Licorice intoxication cause of cardiac abnormalities 1172 Liver injuries 1240 cancer, histopathological definition and classification of tunors 1170 disease, chronic obstructive left ventricular function 1162 Malaria chemotherapy 1171 Medical care planning 1232 podiatry in U.S. 1178 education, Soviet Union 1228 records, use of Weed system 1233 Mercury, analyses and toxicity 1184 Metals, toxicity in mice 1186 Microscopy direct scanning electron, human skin 1179 Microwave exposure response of dogs 1213 Mycoplasma pnewnonia, epidemic 1168 National electrical code, 1971 (bk.rev.) 1158 Nervous disorders, carbon monoxide poisoning 1190 Nitroqlvcol poisoning studies 1189 Noise nurse's role in industrial hearing conservation 1205 Nurse's role in industrial hearing conservation 1205 Occupational federal health programs 1225 medicine, use df automation 1226 safety and health act of 1970 1231 book review 1154 symposium (bk.rev.) 1157 Orqanoohosphate poisoning 1185 Pepsin inhibition, oi-antitrypsin deficiency 1164 Pesticides, orqanophosphate poisoning 1185 Phosgene, absorption by aqueous solutions 1188 Phosphatidyl serine selective enhancer of histamine release 1167 Pneunonia. epidemic mycoplasma 1168 Podiatry, in U.S. 1178 Pollution, control of industrial (bk.rev.) 1156 Psoriasis, research 1181 edema, following exposure to trlchlorethylenell91 function tests, experimental data 1173 Radiation diagnostic, protection of patient 1211 protection instrumentation and its application (bk.rev.) 1160 response of dogs to microwave exposure 1213 survey instrunents, use of Inexpensive rf shields 1212 Record systems, guide for setting up (bk.rev.) 1161 Respiration, effect of altitude 1210 Respiratory mechanics, airway collapse 1173 Rooftop heating and cooling units 1220 Safety, incompatible materials in laboratories 124i Ship repairing, asbestos dust concentrations 1194 Shipyard insulation processes measurement of asbestos dust 1192 Silos, toxic oases in tower 1133 Skin cutaneous streotococcal infections in Vietnam 1182 human, direct scanning electron microscopy 1179 Solid wastes, disposal 1217 Soviet Union, continuing medical education 1228 Staving alive in the arctic (bk.rev.) 1159 Streptococcal infections, cutaneous in Vietnamll82 TLVs (threshold limit values) p.iv Threshold limit values (TLVs) p.iv Time zone transitions, business executives 1174 Toxic gases, in tower silos 1193 Travel fatigue due to alteration of circadian rhythm 1175 Trichlorethvlene pulmonary edema following exposure 1191 1,1.1-trichloroethane study of psychophysiological effects 1187 Ultraviolet emission, welding arcs 1214 Waste disposal (bk.rev.) 1155 Weed system, implementation 1233 Welding arcs, ultraviolet emission 1214 Women, health 1177 01 133 0620 J 37. 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Outlook Battelle Research Outlook Battelle Mem. Institute 505 King Avenue Carcinogenesis Abstracts Medical Literature,Inc. Phila., Pa. 19103 Columbus, Ohio 43201 Chem. Eng. Chemical Engineering Brit. J. Ind. Med. British Journal of McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. Industrial Medicine Tavistock Square 330 W. 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 10036 London, WC1, England Chem. Eng. News Brit. Med. J. Chemical A Eng. News British Medical Journal 1155 16th St., N.W. Tavistock Square London, WC1, England Washington, O.C. 20036 Chemistry Bull, of the Allegheny County Medical Society Alteg. Cty. Med. Society Science Service, Inc. 1719 N. St., N.W. Washington, O.C. 20006 713 Ridge Avenue Pittsburgh, Pa. 15212 Chest American College of Bull, of the American College of Physicians American College of Chest Physicians 113 E. Chestnut St. Chicago, 111. 60611 Physicians 4200 Pine St. Phila., Pa. 19104 Conference Board Record National Industrial Conference Board Bull. Pathol. Bulletin of Patho1ogy 845 Third Avenue New York, N.Y. 10022 445 N. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, 111. 60611 Business Week McGraw-Hill, Inc. McGraw-Hill Building Conn. Health Bull. Connecticut Health Bulletin 165 Capitol Avenue Hartford, Conn. 06115 330 West 42nd Street New York, N.Y. 10036 Emergency Med. Emergency Mediclne Ca A~Cancer Journal for Clinicians Fischer-Murray, Inc. 280 Madison Avenue New York, N.Y. 10016 American Cancer Soc., Inc. 219 E. 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 10017 01 133 0621 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST ADDRESSES OF JOURNALS ABSTRACTED Environ. Cont. & Safety Momt. fnvTronnental Control & Safety Management Alfred M. Best, Co., Inc. Industrial Health National Institute of Industrial Health 2051 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho Kawasaki, Japan J. Occ. Med. Journal of Occupational Medicine 150 N. Hacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 Med. J. Australia Medical Journal of Australia Australasian Medical Publishing Co., Ltd. Seamer St., Glebe Park Avenue Morristown, N.J. 07960 Environ. 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