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2 P.F. Davey 3708g 7/14/?3 R.N. Wheeler, Jr. Vinyl Chleride No. #4 PVC - LABELS & REPORTS Solvent Vinyl (plate CA) used 1976 - present Vinyl (plate CB) used 1976 - present Vinyl (plate AR) used 1976 Vinyl (plate AS) used 1973 - 1976 BAKELITE Vinyl (plate AL) used 1970 - 1972 Vinyl (plate AM) used 1970 - 1972. Vinyl (plate A) used 1966 - 1970 BAKELITE Vinyl Resins For Solution Coatings & Adhesives Vinyl Product Date - BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYMM BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYMH For Coatings BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS - 3 For Coatings BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS For Coatings Product Information - BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS ucc 030440 IPTUliO OOfl \ 2 PLATE CA -YEAR OF USE 1 9 7 6 PRESENT I*uia INIAIOS SOLVENT Yinylv ` ` ' s. INIAIOS SOLVENT Vinyl IX iN3WH0VX.LV zmtd oon 1 3 5 sip ' li3 Mi SOLVENT !!ij i|l !r' WtMUrariCMT -YEAR OF USE 1 9 7 6 PRESENT I^U!A 1N3ATOS 3 3 pi 3 ;S| SOLVENT a m t\ iviwr*6f I^uja 1N3A10S i SOLVENT Vinyl SOLVENT Vinyl urv i.iAJn m EHt00 oon .'i ft tr+ in b SOLVENT !*u;a 1N3AIOS *P1 Sis Vb O* s*s! V A. y* y - gh* ss !li -< sd S3 SOtVENT Viny |Auia 1N3A10S SOLVINT Vinyl SOLVENT Vinyl 1 1 1 1 ] ] ] ] ;v ]Ctt CD to ] .1 ] J J Plate AS - YEAR OF USE 1 9 7 3 1 9 7 6 tWOEO 000 \ S3 ss SOLVENT 1N3A10S 2S n S3 SOLVENT ronfluniVMiOtT |Auia 1N3A10S SOLVENT Vinyl ^ SOLVENT Vinyl -YEAR OF USE 1 9 7 0 1972 4-572 9tM>0 oon illss O --4 St _s<g|S>Sgt{^n3 iP* 'gZo rj N* K ;> rst >3C ^ S ac BAKELITE BAKELITE `V'i. * - Vinyl /. r\ US. "V* '.4J1 |Auia ;;U0v,ur -- 31I13XV1 .\. 1,4 urr* -**// . * vA 'i`^' '* >iij < , - * * r. *Mrr.* illS3 c/y i rt 2S ! ss 5|1! MMMM :si BAKELITE Vlra pot mftuiw vi ot I^UIA 1,h -.t'-T. ,* X k; < \i- *,, .I.fcvii V -4^ IV* V .\\*f,*- * i -- 3in3iii i`.*< " Li .t > BAKEUTE Vinyl -V'*. *W i\j_ j? / i.'t* rr. .- pwryja.^ 1 1 1 ] ] 1 ] J J J J J />KI0 oon I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] J 1 J v-1 \Wi.L 1 r\.^m"vr i a, i r-; ^'`'.'-KyrT "tv?? *-U1-i -'->:rr-> - ^..v'*-.'-;.1,.`- ^ Vx^.vj^-v!`yi^'gVK1'; .SiOjKi> 1? .v-;v-^;; ; abrasion and chemisel redstanc*;: \*&i v, .' ' ;. ;:y-f 1 Copolymcerization ctf tfhteesseevihnytl ic&hklorrididee--YYiianyli acc-tila renhc 'with nuleic- a&dprovlHes air-dry;.' v^v:- >, , adhesion to metal, a* ..well ai croesli ' ' compatibility with many other type* of film forming m pul resins. 1. L 1. t T.yr-'"~~-~,7<7-aCMrAAi>rv^p*.raL<jL> . . .,K?r- ; :''* '* I*'-'* JV *J ~ ' ,, .glS..,' i.i wpjjpj mm. -U ucc 030451 '. ' '-* PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES OF Vim SOLUTION RESINS Bakelite vinyl solution resins arc neutral and non-oxidising. They are characterized by absence of color, odor and taste. Films of these resins are not affected at normal temperatures by alkalies, mineral acids, alcohols, greases, oils, or aliphatic hydrocarbons. ADDITIONAL OUTSTANDING COATING PROPERTIES ARE: I'UtvIli'iit went her rcsisLiiiLi-. Commercially used pigmented vinyl coatings, baked or air-dried, have now shown excellent durability for 20 years of con tinuous exterior service. Water resistance. Films based on vinyl resins possess both low moisture vapor transmission and absorption rate. Since 1948, the metal gates and under-water structures of a navigation channel on the Mississippi River have been protected from corrosiori by a vinyl-based maintenance system. This coating meets U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Speci fication. Other specifications based on these resins are widely used in marine applications. Excellent toughness and flexibility. Metal sheets and coil can be precoated at the factory. They will not crack, mar or lose adhesion while being shipped or fabricated into various end-products. Wood prod cntiid by U s. nuM t,Q4,Zt4. rtnlttf to Uton Cirbibt Ctrppnt,a*. Cbibibb Cblfetblibb. NIKI Pi.ilton, 270 Fbib Annul. Mb* tub, M. 1, (0017, ucts of great durability and utility can be factory finished. Flame retardant. Vinyl resins will not support combustion. Water-white color and good clarity. These proper ties make possible clean whites and tints in pigmented coatings, and brilliant films in clear finishes. Ease of application. Vinyl coatings can be formu lated for application by conventional methods such as spraying, dipping, tumbling and knife, roller or curtain coating. Vinyl solutions can be sprayed hot or cold without "stringing" or "eobwebbing." Thermoplasticity. Coatings or films of vinyl resins can be readily heat-scaled. The thermoplasticity of the resins can be controlled to produce finishes which reflow on baking to eliminate sanding scratches. Vinyl copolymer coatings, once freed of residual volatiles, show no embrittlement or shrinkage upon aging. Excellent exterior durability on plywood and hardhoard. A coaling system* using a vinyl-urethane primer over medium density phenolic overlaid ply wood has recently been certified by the American Plywood Association as a Qualified Coating. i iHlily bvi'tbblb to M'*t MiivtoctiHin; nit to tobbbfb' Citofttobad 2 J ucc 030452 . s'. " " " .TT.i r',nw't T-Vf ' dilate `.:`0 e.^.' a- i . . by a i' * ili.lt, * v. ' *U5CW5'iI-i :' i i*. V/`>: tr*4A t'' V. ** ?. C ftt ngfit WA* unec&^ -* 1; H V' i 1 tr> *".' V ", ' `-' 'r- .' . , - ..A- :;- .;[H1 {b:;?.*! <-!r. v > i-- -i . I*&i ;:V ,- -. U 1 After 11 year* of WU'.iringTtx- k as heat and humidity, put tho T 1 cerroeiva ettock* oi chemical fume*. that* pipel art ttiu be ing protected by vinyl-bated maintenance painta. -' ''*,V ;i:.,v-.- . :...;--\.i , ^ A 20 mil coating It being applied ' y le the column* ct the tJ.N. Pro tection from (inge-printt and ecufl niarki, meittur* end ebrasiot. it long-laiting. i: -Y.v K <>*-4 * ! ..^uVs v> i' n -jl*. :R vijftstrv, w*.- ji-- _ M jX V I ., i ..J,. creel of the cafeteria, the twstrv room, the decorative poe and '' tho anUchco lobby. All there, rcat dtmand the touch, wetor end abratioo rcaictant provided by vinyta,; ?'a[UwLiiWyit ujk-isui tLrti *, * * A'V*, />,..** ttm.'X tJ /v^vv1 ;. 4 >*' #';' ** *' <*! -;'* - yl?^l * ". f*L ir1' ^ '/ V;s>^ J|^ U{ ' ^'-l--v. 30453 There are three major classes of BakEUTE vinyl copolymer solution resins: Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate, maleic acid modified Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate, hydrolized (contains OH groups) Variation in the ratio of vinyl chloride to vinyl acetate and the degree of polymerization produce a wide range of vinyl copolymers with distinct proper ties. The amount of vinyl acetate present will mainly influence the solubility of the copolymer. An increase in the acetate content widens the range of solvents which can be used. Resins with a high vinyl chloride content produce strong, tough films with excellent water and chemical resistance. Adhesion of straight vinyl I'iloride-vinyl acetate resins to bare metal surfaces develops only after baking. Air-dry ad hesion to metal may be obtained by blending straight vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resins with a maleic acid modified vinyl resin. If adhesion to vinyl bulyral wash primers or other resinous primers is desired, hydroxyl modified vinyl resins should be used as the biending resin. The degree of polymerization affects the viscosity and resin properties. High molecular weight resins produce higher solution viscosities, and yield films of maximum strength and higher softening point than the low molecular weight classes of resins. Further modification of vinyl chloride-vinyl ace tate resins with alcohol groups increases compati bility with other types of film-forming materials, particularly with alkyd resins, und with a number of oleoresinous vehicles, polyamides, polyketones, ure thane prepolymers and certain urea-formaldehyde and melamine resins. This compatibility makes it possible to improve the properties of other types of surface coating materials by fortifying them with a hydroxyl modified vinyl copolymer. Conversely, it >* possible to increase the "build'' and "flow" of vinyl resin finishes by the use of modifying alkyds. These vinyl-alkyd combinations can be hardened by the addition of urea and melamine resins. The greater compatibility of these hydroxyl modified vinyl resins has opened up broader fields of end-use applications. Another important quality of these modified vinyl resins is good air-dry adhesion to different types of finishes, particularly to vinyl bulyral resin-based wash primers, or metal conditioners. Bakeute vinyl chloride*vinyl acetate resins mod ified with maleic acid have excellent adhesion to clean metal as an air-dry or baked primer or topcoat. The carboxyl groups introduced into vinyl copolymer resins also provide points of reactivity for crosslinking reactions. The adhesion of other Bakei.ITE vinyl resins can be improved with the addition of these maleic acid modified resins. This booklet presents only general information and performance properties of Bakeute vinyl solu tion resins. A more specific description and discussion of each resin is presented in the appropriate Product Data Sheet available from Union Carbide's Plastics Division. SOLUBILITY Bakeute vinyl solution resins are readily dis solved into a clear solution at room temperature by 4 IJCC O3O-454 ketones, nitroparaffins, certain esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Solvents such as keto-ethers, etheresters, polyethers, and certain other types of com pounds have varying degrees of solvent action on these vinyl resins. Aromatic hydrocarbons, like xylene or toluene, tend to swell and in some instances partially dissolve the resins, especially at higher temperatures. Water and aliphatic hydrocarbons are strong precipitant* for vinyl resins. Alcohol also will precipitate vinyl resins, except for the hydroxyl modified type which tolerates alcohols as a small proportion of the diluent. Ketones are the most suitable primary solvents for vinyl resins. Compared to other solvents, they vill yield higher resin concentration solutions without gelling, and lower solution viscosities at equivalent total solids content; they tolerate greater dilution with non-solvents and exhibit good storage stability. Some of the chlorinated hydrocarbons are excel lent solvents and are especially valued for their non flammability. Methylene chloride, ethylene dichlor ide, or trichloroethylene are generally used to pre pare non-flammable solvent mixtures. It should be noted that chlorinated solvents are very selective in their solvent strength for vinyl copolymer resins. Carbon tetrachloride, for example, is a non-solvent for these resins. These solvents also are highly toxic and utmost care should be taken in handling them. Chlorinated hydrocarbons should only be used in applications where effective ventilation is maintained. Nitroparaffins, nitroethane and nitrdpropane, are also very effective solvents for vinyl resins. They do not yield as low a viscosity as ketones but have a slower evaporation rate and a mild odor. Because of their low solvent power, esters are generally used in a mixture with another active solvent. In special cases, solutions formulated with esters may result in a slight cost saving. They also have a milder odor than ketones. However, all esters used for vinyl resin solutions should always be of high purity (alcohol-free). In formulating thinners for vinyl surface coatings, many factors other than solvent power must be con sidered. Evaporation rate, toxicity, flammability, package stability and current market prices will have a decisive effect on the final solvent mixture selected for a vinyl solution. The ratio of active solvent to diluent will vary with the solution viscosity and evaporation rate desired for a specific application. Suitable thinner mixtures for spray application may consist of methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl isoamyl ketone as solvents, with toluene and xylene as diluents. Methyl ethyl ketone has excellent sol vent power and is available at low cost; however, the amount used should be carefully balanced with an appropriate amount of diluent. In a humid atmos phere, a high proportion of methyl ethyl ketone in the thinner will cause blushing of the coating, and blistering before and during baking in warm weather. Methyl isoamyl ketone tends to eliminate blushing and blistering. It retards drying of the coating, im proving flow-out. Small proportions of isophorone can be used for the tame purpose. Other types of solvents and diluents, such as nitroparaffins, small portions of esters or high-solvency naphthas, may sometimes be used in certain spraying thinners. Paper and cloth coatings may be formulated with highly volatile solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. The use of high-volatile solvents in this application presents no problems.The lower heat ca pacity and rate of hear transfer of paper and cloth diminish the possibility of moisture-blushing, and controlled drying conditions prevent blistering. Un der these conditions, it is feasible to use mixtures such as acetone and toluene. Even though a large amount of the active solvent portion evaporates soon after application, this loss in solvent power of the solvent mixture is counterbalanced by an increase in solvent power of the toluene at elevated oven tem peratures. Application by roller coaters requires slow- evaporating solvents and diluents. Isophorone has particular merit in such thinners because it combines slow evaporation rate and an excellent solvent action on vinyls. High-boiling coal-tar and hydrogenated- e petroleum naphthas normally serve as diluents. Thinners for brush application also call for rela tively slow evaporating solvents, such as Celi.Osolve acetate, methyl isoamyl ketone, mesityl oxide and cyclohexanone, in order to obtain ease of application and good flow-out. The active solvent proportions should be carefully balanced with a sufficient amount of diluent to minimize the tendency of topcoats to redissolve and "pick-up" undercoats. SOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS The major criteria for evaluating solvents and solvent-diluent mixtures for vinyls are the viscosity characteristics of the resultant solutions. Solutions of vinyl copolymer resins exhibit three distinct t.vjies of viscosity behavior that should be thoroughly under stood to obtain best results. As the resin concentra tion of the solution increases, the consistency changes from fluid to thixotropic and then to a gel. These consistc-ncy-phase changes may be influenced by solution concentration, active solvent used, ratio of active solvent to diluent, and solution temperature. In any given solvent mixture, there is a prolonged time lag (one week or more; for the solution to reach a "true" or equilibrium viscosity at a given temperature. PLASTICIZATION The flexibility inherent in vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers is further increased by the addi tion of one or more suitable plasticizers. The selection of an appropriate plasticizer presents no difficulty. A large variety of monomeric chemical plasticizers and polymeric resinous plasticizers is available to coat ings formulators. The plasticizer used should have a solvent action on the vinyl resins. Complete solubility of the resin in the plasticizer will promote better retention of the latter in the film, reducing chance of exudation on aging and possible migration of the plasticizer. The addition of a solvent-type plasticizer to the coating will also minimize solvent retention in the film. An unplasticized coaling will' often retain as much as 4 to 5 per cent solvent in the film, even after long air-drying or forced-drying at 1G0F to 175F. This solvent retention occurs particularly in spraytype coatings. It is believed to be associated with the relatively slow diffusion of the solvent to the surface of the coating, which permits the film surface to harden, trapping some of the solvent. When 10 to 25 per cent of a solvent-type plasticizer is present in the film, this surface hardening is. retarded, allowing the solvent to evaporate completely. Vinyl solution resins exhibit best compatibility with chemical or monomeric plasticizers and fair compatibility with polymeric resinous materials. Sometimes, polymeric plasticizers may he substi tuted for a portion of the monomeric types to meet special requirements such as low extractahility or migration. Where vinyl coatings require baking, it is im!>ortant to know the evaporation rates of plasticizers to be used. Many plasticizers, especially the mono meric chemical types, partially volatilize at the elevated temperatures required for baking the vinyl finish and thus result in a lower ratio of plasticizer than designed in the original formula. Other important characteristics, such as toxicity, non-flammability, color, odor and taste must also be carefully considered before selecting a suitable plas ticizer for a particular application. For the ultimate combination of properties, it will often be necessary to formulate coatings with more than one plasticizer. The proportion of plasticizer in the coating will depend on the vinyl solution resin used and the performance properties desired. ^ COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER RESINS Unmodified vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copoly mers have a very low order of compatibility with most other resin types. They may be blended with carboxyl modified vinyl copolymers to obtain ad hesion to bare metal. Carboxyl modified copolymers are also utilized to improve air-dry adhesion of many acrylic coatings. The hydroxyl modified vinyl co polymers have broad compatibility with other resin ous materials such as alkyd resins, urethane prepolymers, phenolics, polykotoncs, acrylics, urea and melamine resins. Table 1 shows a listing of suitable modifiers and the properties imparted by each. r" ^ ucc 030456 y % i" ; : *\ r * j li : Bad 'to . - ! *S; ,-t.>`- f/'j*;:.. i > 11 JtNTdlUlfcfl ' >*.'.? v-\ .v`;*; iVv'.vVvv.^ . s'**J : ^*V* -` Kobiftar j Tyi(ct! Eaamptac -yi- .'*'''V'*uppMr*; ' '; '.ltm*.-k* . ',.*<. -.'< :";' I , * , '.' r > , - " .~ V 'm'- , * ; - j--". , . ,,'*t'(. (.*1 .f-'i#. . i ' 1; ' I (WU| Fhtnaiie W* ,;.c-,Ay**-_V*fc#rr."V*4V.{,.*,- fs.'.-i UNOX Cpstidt 2339 l "ButanH 100 200 "Buton" 100 -/: .;4r; * *-.*Vr*.**vW.v. ' * *1 77`4:*`* `\.^.Z"1 ' ; *; -v.. (moreva**dhe*S!t*y " at wmaaoifiaaInfi'.-VUtyaadcalar ..ij I* , /`.B '^r BAKEUTE Phpnrtk Raila RKR-2C20 '- ' '- `*T " i-.'i' -i tdSHiBR. i:ditad harlratj. "- - v BAKEUTE Fhtnalic UtBi'MUng tAitffltl CU-3112 *Crd!i" Pelymar BAKCUTE PotyrthytNW Stain DTDT ' ''Rarimcn#"U-903S "UfwmJtt" f-w v. . ' '. ' > . >. Ba*i6H7 an *s!r...v;, ` ., .' - -1"' t ^ ; '.y; u " -yf ivN ucc 030457 HEAT AND LIGHT STABILIZERS Vinyl solution resins are degraded by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light or by elevated tempera tures. The degradation of vinyl copolymer films is minimized by the addition of suitable stabilizers and an adequate quantity of certain pigments. The amount and type of stabilizer to be used are de pendent upon the vinyl resin itself, the plasticizer and pigment, the baking schedule, and the end-use application of the coating. The best heal stabilizers for vinyl copolymer resins arc compounds that are slightly basic in nature and, at the same time, are insoluble in water. For dear films the stabilizer used must be clear and colorless. In surh cases, some of the organic compounds of calcium, barium, cadmium, tin and lead are effective heat stabilizers. Kpoxy resins in combination with the above metallic organic derivatives provide maximum stability. Small amounts of urea-formaldehyde or melamineformaldehyde resins (between 1 and 3 phr', also effectively stabilize clear films. Such films lend to develop checking or other discontinuities during baking, but these can be prevented by adding to the coating small amounts (approximately 1 phrt of long-oil, drying-type alkyds, or non-drying or semi drying oils. Substrates such as zinc, iron and tin plate ac celerate decomj>osition of the coaling during baking. Therefore, prior to the coating's application, the surface of these metals should be made passive by chemical treatment, such as by phosphate treatment, or by use of a varnish or oil-type primer. FORMULATING OF CLEAR COATINGS Clear coalings consisting exclusively of BakKi.ITK vinyl solution resins provide the maximum chemical certain coating performance is selected. The selection of plasticizers, solvents and stabiliz inertness that can be obtained from any surface ers for vinyl solution coatings has been discussed in coaling based on these resins. Consequently, un modified vinyl solutions are applied wherever ex general in preceding sections of this booklet. Clear coatings which must withstand direct sunlight or ceptional chemical and abrasion resistance is required. .weathering require the addition of an ultraviolet light stabilizer to screen the film-degrading ultraviolet i Clear coatings can be modified for s|>cr,ific re rays of the sun. If the coating requires baking, a [ quirements by additions of plasticizers, dyes, heat and light stabilizers. These modifiers may influence combination heat and light stabilizer, such tis a burium-cudmium-cpoxy complex has to In* used. The the overall performance properties of the coating. addition of small amounts of propylene oxide will Therefore, the characteristics of modifiers should be prevent discoloration of clear coatings during prep well understood. l*efore u s|xvific modifier for a aration and storage. 8 l. . ^ ucc 030458 s / t PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS The preparation of sections of Bakelite vinyl resins in solvents or solvent-thinner mixtures can be easily carried out with the proper mixing equipment and technique. In general, the mixer should be capable of producing a high degree of sheer, and in viscous solutions this calls for a considerable power input. Slow-speed paddle-type agitators ordinarily are not nearly as effective as higher speed propeller, disc or turbine-type mixers. Tanks should be equipped with tight-fitting covers, and the addition of side bafllcs often improves the turbulence and diminishes swirling. In general, aluminum or stainless steel is most satisfactory for the construction of this equipment. | Best results are usually obtained in dissolving the resins if the solvent or thinner is first placed in the mixer and then agitated. A solution can be made more rapidly if the resin is added only as fast as it dissolves. If added too quickly, the resin may lump together, and delay final solution. The resin can often be dissolved more rapidly in solvent-diluent mixtures than in pure solvent, primarily because of the decreased tendency to form lumps. Another method frequently employed commer cially, is quite satisfactory where considerable pro portions of diluent are to be used. The resin and the diluent portion of the thinner are mixed until all of the resin is thoroughly wetted. Then, while this resin-diluent slurry is vigorously agitated, the active solvent is added slowly. Complete solution can often be effected within several minutes by this technique. In case of pccidental contamination in large-scale production of coatings, it is suggested that such solutions be filtered prior to use. The use of a special, heavy, open-type filter paper, inserted over the can vas cloth in the plate-and-frame-typc press, gives improved results. The use of a small proportion of dialomaeeour filler aid in the solution isrecoinmcnded. During preparation, most solutions become heat- a ed, especially when highly viscous solutions are being * prepared. The solution temjierature, however, should be kept as low as possible. It is also recommended that the solution should not be held for a long time under these conditions, because this might cause discoloration, especially when the solution is in con tact with iron. Addition of a small amount (0.1-0.3%) of propylene oxide will eliminate this solution dis coloration. The addition of propylene oxide is es pecially recommended for solutions stored in iron containers and/or containing large proportions of methyl ethyl ketone. ^XS2Z3^2533EE3aS5ZaB33EEar 9 ucc 030459 I PREPARATION C" SOLUTIONS The preparation of solutions of Bakeute vinyl resins in solvents or solvent-thinner mixtures can be easily carried out with the proper mixing equipment and technique. In general, the mixer should be capable of producing a high degree of sheer, and in viscous solutions this calls for a considerable power input. Slow-speed paddle-type agitators ordinarily are not nearly as effective as higher speed propeller, disc or turbine-type mixers. Tanks should be equipped with tight-fitting covers, and the addition of aide baffles often improves the turbulence and diminishes swirling. In general, aluminum or stainless steel is most satisfactory for the construction of this equipment. | Best results are usually obtained in dissolving the resins if the solvent or thinner is first placed in the mixer and then agitated. A solution can be made more rapidly if the resin is added only as fast as it dissolves. If added too quickly, the resin may lump together, and delay final solution. The resin can often lx1 dissolved more rapidly in solvent-diluent mixtures than in pure solvent, primarily because of the decreased tendency to form lumps. Another meLhod frequently employed commer cially, is ir"'e satisfactory where considerable pro portions of ..'"luent are to be used. The resin and the diluent portion of the thinner arc mixed until all of the resin is thoroughly wetted. Then, while this resin-diluent slurry is vigorously agitated, the active solvent is added slowly. Complete solution can often be effected v ithin several minutes by this technique. In case of occidental contamination in large-scale production of coatings, it is suggested that such solutions be filtered prior to use. The use of a special, heavy, open-type filter paper, inserted over the can vas cloth in the plate-and-frame-typc press, gives improved results. The use of a small proportion of dialomacoousfiltor aid in the solution is recommended. During preparation, most solutions become hcat- 4' ed, especially when highly viscous solutions are being prepared. The solution temperature, however, should be kept as low as possible. It is also recommended that the solution should not be held for a long time under these conditions, because this might cause discoloration, especially when the solution is in con tact with iron. Addition of a small amount (0.1-0.37.) of propylene oxide will eliminate this solution dis coloration. The addition of propylene oxide is es pecially recommended for solutions stored in iron containers and/or containing large proportions of methyl ethyl ketone. UCC 030460 FORMULATION AND PREPARATION The compounding of pigments in vinyl solutions presents no serious difficulties. A large list of suitable pigments and pigment pastes for vinyl copolymers is available to the coating formulator. Paints can be prepared to meet the specifications for a particular app'ii.Mion, The ingredients selected for the final formulation and the number of coats to be used, will depend on the coating jtcrfonnancc properties re quired, the substrate to be coaled, the method of application and curing, and also the cost limitations. After selecting a suitable pigment, the ratio of pig ment to binder has to be determined for maximum hiding* power and durability of the coating. For ex terior finishes, the pigment concentration should be slightly higher than the optimum amount required for sufficient color and hiding. The higher pigment concentration serves to protect the vinyl resin from degradation by ultraviolet rays. However, the amount of pigment used should not be so large as to cause excessive chalking. Improved chalk resistance can be obtained by replacing one out of ten parts of titanium dioxide with antimony nxide. Finishes not requiring exceptional resistance to exterior exj/osure have loss limitations on degree and type of pigmentation. The emphasis with these coatings is often on other film characteristics, such as resistance to marring, abra sion or moisture, or freedom from toxicity. Pigments are readily dispersed in vinyl solutions on conventional compounding equipment such as the two-roll mill, |>ebble mill, sand mill or high-speed impeller mixer. The various dispersing methods will be discussed in more detail in following sections. IIakkUTF. vinyl resins have found many applica tions in the coaling field. Applications are too varied for any detailed discussion of their formulations. A number of starting point formulations for many tyj>cs of vinyl coatings are available from Union Carbide's Plastics Division. Usually, it has been found that each specific application requires its own modifica tions. Pigment types most generally used in solution coatings based on Bakeute vinyl resins arc pre sented in Table 2. The amounts suggested arc based on the quantity of each pigment necessary to ensure good hiding and adequate ultraviolet light protection of the coating. IJCC 030461 V -i .. ( ;>% rv ' r- * |i -.--- '., ' -. ' . . ' t-.- \ ' `y'z V-"1' r'r ,.'V - ": , w. Vi -- 1 ! i> :,rl . > f. ^ - - f*- - *,*r l ,n* *' --' *"l . - "5" f' * V<` j ^ If' _ r .2 , .' .. . ' . 1. > i-vAi'Cr'.: _ ' ' ' : -' ' ir; :! : ' y-L >: i/V `V; - ..'t -`V ..'* ' v'! ;;;,y V ; r LI ' .i. i. .* .:- ' v!vy .. . : ' . J r V : ; r-, .' ';; W:. :V'V 2; 4k-.*,*; r". ' y... .( '. '> 2; " ,2-. >_';j V-V: l~ \ W22-'- v- >:," vi 2.' r IIx* y \ *' t. , #, ' , * t r tto* ; '* : '' - t . ; ,* w~ r V-::,,; A. . ; , ' t ` . - ^ - 4,. .fc,v . .* , v. * *,v V, -, >v/ * * *^ .* - i," - f` ** P. *r- - \ < - . ^ /'* ' f ,J ; , ' , \ -4 ~ '-Svi-^-v.i#*' r ."V ' * \ r`4 . . 'y-v-: v.::; ^ ; , . -v^ *' < ,, ; r [ [ '. j. ' --|J : Ju. - 1. J SELECTION OF PIGMENTS of Prussian blue and lead chromate. Chromic oxide green, however, is an excellent pigment. l General pigment characteristics which must be considered are hiding poxver, ultraviolei light pro tection, purity, ease of wetting and dis|>crsiiin in the vehicle, and resistance to solvent bleed, chemicals, Replacing 10% of titanium dioxide with anti mony oxide will enhance gloss retention in whites nnd tints. Antimony oxide functions in a dual ca pacity; it serves as an ultraviolet light screening L and heat. Titanium dioxide, manufactured by the sulfate agent and as a good stabilizer for vinyl solution resins. Inert or extender pigments may be included process, should be used for white coatings where in formulations for economy. High purity grades of [ maximum durability is desired. Traces of natural iron contamination will increiise the chalking rate and discoloration. Such contamination from any calcium cnrtxmate, mica, or other nonfibrous extend ers are often used. Small amounts of flatting agents *ueh :is the silira gel type may be added where desired. source should be avoided. Pigments containing un L stable forms of natural iron or zinc will also adversely afleet the heal stability of vinyl resins. For baking formulations, proper stabilizers should lx- added to With but few exceptions, most common pigments can be used successfully with vinyl solution resins, A list of pigments recommended for use with Bakiu.ite minimize the adverse effects of some metal contami vinyl resins is shown in Table 3. There are un L nants. Iron (Prussian) blue should be avoided in til) coatings since it will promote both heat and light doubtedly other pigments fully as satisfactory us those suggested and the rapid advances in color breakdown of the vinyl resin. This prohibition would manufacturing assure a steady increase in these L include so-called "chrome greens" which are blends materials. 11 UCC 030452 rj.11 } i t ^ IkiM' - -- . V ,- --- -.. I~ .. , . -m . . . - '= -- 7 . -- w---- v; '------^ *' *- - . .' ** j *L I. II-- - -J *1, , * *: 'M ^ -i\y iJ - ./'WtXiVf t' - ;. . -y.I ;# * t3'.---W Cit. --fit , 1 vy'^K? or?5T^-`;-V; > ?;- i 1, r-vv: .. V ;; - . *& \ - nf * y,v' * "A _ --L ,`ir' *, ' -- Jj ^ "in ` * *1 L 'lr&L .r+w<* ^iMkl '.*,*- /'. - '*' T^;* , ,* * * *. * ' ;w ^: ' ",;j % ' ^. >-., ,, **w W PM . - *'*>* -i- --TT- -*"' *--" a; ,,.-*. \':1 t --1:] f- ^a^jTv."'td?~'_:~ "TT.., ' J ; ,v, v..;, V. ^TJ J> * % '.. .- -. . ' -*-i.r'.-;"iv/*f -** ' . ^4 .^. ^ - .' *?,**'Mil L f- * *; "J1-- " -1 ^ c '/*c " ^ *." ' :-' ` <. *' * , ***-+ Vl 'y - - - * . * , * ' - -ji-- v-*- *'+*- L , # \*r! ^ ---------------- t .,, - *,, _. t "*" -- ,, 1 ^ , L <* ^rv.:;;S~_.--` ' : :ii r:"-> " -: '. .- ,. . - -.I , ;'. ,;\ ,. , < :. A1 L J~jv- . .* . -r**.'*<'- '1 `` . -. ;- *. ... -*. . '!& t / ::"/v : ;-/V--V v-;,' \yi? "'TtU'"-'. * { - -ti -W-- -* tY* 1 .* f\ -.* **', ~ " ***** DISPERSION OF PIGMENTS The pigment is directly dispersed in the vinyl : resin solution or in the plasticizer by means of grind* ing mills or highspeed stirring equipment. For easier and faster dispersion, a wetting agent may be used. The degree of dispersion is checked with a fineness of grind gauge. For pigment dispersion by means of a pebble mill, wetting agents should be included in the formulation. The development of suitahle surfactants, such as *`Nuodex"-NA and "Lexinol" AC-1, has mitigated most of the undesirable aspects previously encoun tered with this grinding procedure. ]t is now possible to improve greatly the pigment-wetting character istics of the vinyl copolymer resins with minimum degrading side effects. Pigment dispersion and gloss are improved, paste fluidity is substantially in creased, and grinding time is decreased. The paint is prepared by charging the pigment or pigment combination to a pebble mill in the usual dry form. The pigment concentration is dc|*;ndent Upon the type of pigment used. It usually varies from 25-70 per cent of the coating formulation, except for carbon black. The remainder of the charge consists of a small proportion of the vinyl resin solution, plasticizer, surfactant, and just enough thinner to give a good grinding consistency. The entire mixture is milled for 16 to 20 hours (based on one-quart size mill charges; time should be less for production-size mills). The concentrated pigment paste thus pre pared is cut back with the remaining resin solution to the Anal paint formulation. The technique of dispersing pigments by means of a two-roll mill is relatively simple. The rolls of the mill are heated with steam to a temperature between 60 and 76C. Above this temperature, the perform ance of the final coating may be adversely affected. Furthermore, by keeping the "stock" as cool as possible, greater shear stresses are set up and an extremely fine pigment dispersion is obtained. In formulating roll-mill stocks, it is usually de sirable to use the maximum amount of pigment in proportion to resin that is consistent with good dispersion, easy handling on the mill, and high glo.`& in the resulting finish. The workable pigment con centration can be greatly increased by a small addi tion of plasticizer. .joe 030464 13 i\ 4 i r l 14 For this grinding procedure. The premixed resinpigment stock is foil through the mill and folded back and forth ur.'i! ;t satisfactory dis|icrsion is obtained. During the last pm-iion of the milling. the rollsmre set :t> closely together ns practical to intensify the shear stivsse.. and to complete the disj'oiMon. The slock is then sheeted olT the rolls and left to cool. For ease of handling, the stock is broken into chips after moling. High-speed int|N`llers provide a simple and fast method of pro|>arinK paints. The Conies dissolver, designed with :i disc-ty}*' inijsdler. is the most widely used. With this high-S|>ced mixer, easy-dispersing pigments may U> directly dispersed in the vehicle to a satisfactory fineness. In t his blending met hod, a high consistency pigment-vehicle mixture will result in a faster and better pigment dispersion. Therefore, de pending on the viscosity of the vehicle, the pigment is often dis|>ersed only in part of the vehicle and, after complete dis|H'rsion of the pigment, let down with the remaining vehicle. The use of high-speed equipment eliminates the necessity of transform; the premised hatch to and from a mill It -dm niinimixcs loss of paint and cleaning of oquip''.ic;".. Some loss of solvent may occur during mixing. Anti! her simple anti also economical grinding method is the sand grimier. In brief, the sand grimier consists of a cylindrical container Idled with sand. A centered shaft milt Hat impellers rotate.- the sand and producer, the required shearing ad ton necessary for a Sstli.sfai tot v pigment <lis|H-rsmu. Tl-.e pigmentvehicle mixture is pum|K-d into the sand grimier, milled through the sand anti then sereet.ed into a storage container. This grinding method lends itself cs|H*ciaily to a continuous o|k ration. (Imv the grind ing procedure is completed, the ratal grinder may he easily cleaned with solvent while t he sand, Is-cuusc of its expemlal.iltty. may Is' discarded. PIGMENT PASTES Pigment pastes are commercially available or may he prepared from roll mill stock chips The <`hil>s sire soaked in par' of the solvent-thinner mix ture for si few hours ;i: a dosed mixer fitted with si |K)\\erful sigitalor. After the chips have softened, the agitator is started slm'h and the ingiedieitts sire mitt'll lo form si smooth paste. An inriease in tene iH'ralure will hasten the dissolving process. The paste may be reduced with a suitable thinner. For bes> dis|iersion, the thinner should Is* added m small amounts and -tined slowly into the pasie. The ucc 030465 ttiiuinrit oi jioK'ifii or solvent-thinner mixture to be uvd i- dependent u|*on the piopnttion of rosin present .in the stock-chiiis, the |ri i**nlar solvents eniplnv.s), and I ho tendency of th<> particular niont lo cause "liodying" or viscosity increase. Tho juste should have sufficient "bmly" to prevent set tling of tho j'igment, and yot should Ik* fluid enough In mix readily with tho remaining ingredients of iho foiMiul..tTim. Kor a solvent-thinner mixture, consist ing uf tnoihyl isuhutyl ketone and toluene, tho vinyl rofin omront of iho lin.il mint ion should In- up|*roxiuiatoly 2u so 2d !T cent. |ii>!i.id of dissolving (ho stock in a solvent, it is often dis'ids d directly in tho resin solution. Thi' divtolviuy process is slower, but the slower dissolving action of tlie lesin solution assures a (letter dispersion in the linai mating. This 11101110*1 is oftentimes more eoiiv*T.i< nl for eonuneroial production of pigmeuli-d matings. 'inoe it viiniiu.itos the .->ep oi |r.i|*;irinn a |ji^'l.lelipast*1 in solvent. CARBON BLACK CHIPS AND PASTES The p:e|i. ration of roll-mill chips an*l piguuin jiastes with c.trlun: lilarks tie.if- s|x-rial attention lieranse of tlie |wssil*le occurrence of "seeditn*s" and |nnir gloss it. eefain hlavk linislles. The tuore intense black' ti'v pa*`ticularly trouhlesonie liecause of 'heir exiretmiy tine partide size ami their tendency to ah.-ot'h Inpads and gases. A piefe'r* il piiioedure for making >ts`ks with tlm *'leitli*i nl'"" idaeks is to treat tile pigment with ati.tnnni.i ptiov to milling. This tieamiont can lie earned *-ir 1 roni aipteous solution, solut ion in alcohol. tir hy the dry g;,s itself. The use tif a solut ion of tuuianttia in met hatiol has the advantage of pnividillR at ih>> same lime tut anti-dusting agent for iho extremely lino pigment. During milling. iho methanol evaporates readily. It is more ditliciili to drive the water of att atpieotts aminoniti suhilion ootnplelvly out of the null-stock. Tlti' amount of aimmmia to lie applied siiotild ho the least rei|i:ired to yield high-gloss finishes. Kxce.ssive amounts 0! atiitnonia nitty oau>e gelling of the scini-pas'c up.m storage. I'lvlimir.ury tests should Is* mud.-well the purlleular tyj*enf hlack lodeterntine th' teo>; .-att:faetory amount of ammonia, l-'or the tivutlm-ti' of "htRli-oiilor" carbon hl.irl,'. an eipial weight of pigment to <*..'! norm.if uuimoiua 1:1 nn-ihatail mwiItoil is suggested. liu-e of humt'iug hlavk pigments ean also In* tin* proveif hy adding alsiut 2 Jier rent . has.il on pigment weight * of a surfaetatit such ms I'nion CMtnitm Amine 22<) to iho st*x-k liefore t.wo-roll milling, Aromatie hydrorat hons should bo avoided in solvent-ihinner mixtures for dissolving black chips hecauso they have a particular deleterious effect on th*' gloss of carlsm hlticks. Once the black chips have Isi'ii dissolved in pure solvents. aromatic hydrocarlsiu.s u.-ed in rosin solutions for the jsisle let-dow n s*i-m 10 have much less ellect. Itlack chips usually dive good results, also, if dissolved directly in a resii: solution rather than in pun* solvent. In this iiietli.sl, lhi> influence of aromatic hydnxarliuo diiuei >s is H-ss marked. COMPOUNDING OP PIGMENTED FINISHES Once, the piRtnenl past.-s and the 1 le.-in solutions are m.tde up, the liual |siinl mil) be readily prepared .in a paint hlender. During slow ay.`ation. li-.e pigment paste is lir-l let down with the vinyl resin soliition and then mixed with the remaining iugrediefjfs. When any shading is necessary, it e, suggested that the difleieiii pigment pastes be mixed to an approximate shade, slightly lighter that the final shade, liefore adding the remaining binder |>ortinn. T'ln- i-xacl shade can then Is- adjusted hy adding small amounts of a coating, containinj the same binder hint a stronger color. After the paint has been niixeil thou uglily it is strained through a fine, lint-free cloth or a wire serecn to remove any pigment agglomerates, gel lumps, or other foreign particles before il is used or package!) for shipment. CONSISTENCY OF PAINTS In the section on pigment-paste formulation, the need forlfairly heavy-hodv posies to prevent th'- pig ment front settling was mentioned. This is also true for paints that me to lie store*! for long periods al though the much greater pro|sirtion o' resin norntally present minimizes pigment agglomeration and settling. Heavier-hodied imin's in thintiers, rieh in art ive solvent, usually have I he lust xtoni ge stahdit). fare has to Is- tak.u in adjusting the eoafirg vehicle fn the correct viscosity. Very viscous jiautts may gei on storage and will then In' dill eult to tint* to a jirk|>er application viscosity. Whet] gelling Ins occurred, the finish should U- warmed ami or agit.ite*l until the gel has licett broken down liefore thinning. ucc 030466 15 APPLICATION METHODS BaKFLITE vinyl solution resins may be roadiiy applied by commonly used application methods, such as brushing, spraying, dipping, and knife coating. Films may also be applied by more specialized equip ment, such us roller coalers, gelatine-roll metal coal ers, forward and reverse roll pujter coalers and cur tain coalers. Of major consider:!) ion for all applica tions is the correct consistency of the coating and the proper evaporation rate of the solvent used in a particular application method. ADHESION Over most surfaces, maximum adhesion of vinyl coatings is obtained after baking at a temperature high enough to drive out residual solvent traces and to actually fuse the resin firmly to the surface. Bak ing improves adhesion particularly on smooth, im pervious surfaces, such as metals, glass, and com position boards. Over more porous surfaces such as concrete, unfinished paper, and cloth, the mechanical adhesion obtained is usually sufficient without baking. The degree of adhesion of vinyl sole :.m resins will depend on the particular resin used. For ex ample, unmodified vinyl copolymers develop adhe sion to bare metal surfaces only after a bake of 325F to 350F; over primed surfaces, the tempera ture need only be high enough to drive out residual solvent ("about Cafl'T); on rough surfaces, the mechan ical adhesion developed may be sufficient without baking. Maleic acid modified vinyl cojiolyincr rosins have excellent adhesion to clean metal as an air-dry or baking topcoat or primer. Unmodified vinyl solution resins also have good adhesion to these dibasic acid moilififd vinyl rosin*. This makes possible the foiioul.nion c/ two or three-coat systems exclusively based ,.n ltAKlimr: vinyl solution resins. Vinyl copolymers modified with hydroxy) vroi.ps show jtootl adhesion to many other types of lim.-ln-s such as vinyl hutyral resin-b.ised wash prime's, and metal conditioners. Therefore, ilu-v can he used for many applications in which coatings b.ised or, un modified vinyl resins will not adhere. In all instances, maximum adhesion of coating; is obtained by cleanliness and proper surface prepa ration of the substrate. META' SURFACE PREPARATION AND F RETREATU1 ENT An important factor in the performance of a coating is proj**r surface preparation. The coming can develop good adhesion only to a surface which U free of any con'ainination such as rust, grease, and oihcr foreign materials. The cleaning method used to prepaic a surface will dets'iid on the particular substrate. Some of the most common cleaning methods for metals are sol vent-wash. hand and |iowcr too! cleaning, vajsir de greasing, chemical :.nd flame treatment, white metal blast and commercial blast cleaning. Sur.dbkistir.g to white metal is ihe most preferred procedure for steel, esj>ecia!ly for corrosive environments. Different metals such as steel, aluminum, and copper alloys often require different treatments. In .addition to mechanical surface prefiaraimn, metal surfaces have to be passivated before baking vinyl finishes are applied. Metal surfaces may be passivated by chemical treatment, such os phosphate coating, or by uv of wash primers which also serve as corrosion inhibitors. PRIMERS Primers hancd on vinyl solution resins have show n excellent coating performance. As mentioned in pre cluding section.', a dibasic acid modified vinyl co polymer should be* used where direct adhesion to bare metal is required. Other commercial primers, Iwsed on urea formaldehyde resins, different tyjxs of oiK or varnishes also perform satisfactorily. The latter primers have to l>e used with a topcoat based on hydroxyl-modified copolymers to assure intercoat adhesion. The use of the hydroxyl modified vinyls with alkyds, urea-formaldehyde, jwlyketcne resins, etc. make excellent wood seal primers for many wood coating lacquers, particularly for the catalyzed-lype topcoats. BAKING The tenijs rature schedule should be e.utfujlv controlled for h king viny 1 fini.'hcs. (lei lain miniimtm temiierauires are r-s,uired for adequate adhesion. Overbaking will have adverse effects on the coating. "The oven should lie sufficiently ventilated, and the temperature distribution should Ik1 uniform to ax'oid tiny locally overheated or underbaked areas. i'"*- -rr *TT" t* 'TTyTsv-w ?a.-s-^iw.-.rw-yr-^-r t -|^s ryiwr* ucc 030468 H\m:i.iii: vinyl icsili li.i i'i) rniiiinps h.ivc fnul'd x'iIImvo .itnl diivisili.d ;i|i;.!:c.iMi)iw in the (mtinu fi( i.l heeause nf their uiihjiii* jimi*iIms. Vinyls Iium* provided lk" answers in !iili-.-ul! enain.p |.in|i- lenis v hivli in dinnn lilin I'm ii.iiip invredtrms ranrn: handle. Tin- *li V''lci|mn'ii' nl' sp-vial via;.! inrniida- liniis Inns |in.ssiiile 11:* inanii'iiflmv *I new |i:oduris and rust* savin;: rlt.iupes in rstulihshvd |i!.ui1 ji'-i >(<,] in i... Vinyl nijHilvin.T rr.ins i:n|>l> " itli lli-* |*`nin! AiIiIi1 In yul.Miun.-. fm i*ii.i! mys, .idlu sites ;i!nl rinsteas. \ inyl <-n:il in)>.i h.m* Ikvi iiH-d fm* years inr lininp fund I lieverapr t*it*;iitt* r*, *i!i(l Ini* rnnliii)! .til Iyprs nf i;(.n*'i's lli.it -nin.- in runlat'i with fund nr bcveraprs, such ;is t'iips. f!ii !in*'. fuml ui:i|t|i<!', (nod mill In'w-rapr ili ;|k users .uni .In* like. Thi* inherent iiiui'lnn -.-.. I!i*\ilulit y mid :ii!iifM>iti nf vital finishes |H*n.:i! tin- |n> I fntiniu^ nf |iii. ruitiul mt'tiil Vinyl snlulinii resins make exerllt in iniilili|fs fnl' i. i- im tinftl<t;i i*iill rnntinp *iii|iiiu-|i!. Hni*;iiifi` nf ll.uu* i xfi*|iti<i!i:il rrsisatiirr In iim.l ronosire vlii inii*;ils vinyls ;ui* used in line mntniitrrs Ini* iii.i iy fiii-inif.'il i>rnduels, fin* jiroU*rlinp jn*m"ess- Illp Vills. .i* fiiiil l!i;- * in* l.ll H *! .1!. i!*\ 1 . .. V1' il*' M*ite!*s illl'l 1*!|'1 i'..!!lll`.!l^ l*u;"l'sl . I. !.-: i:i!s. fXIi-liui* rna'iu;.*-. i*i iiiirn-i*.i* i tii.n-i'ii *i. :11.* It llnst nf siti.itill* ::,*|.Iti iitmil* l'*n** .ill- *`i ' si-' .till l A s I III'it* 11st1 llV'T fn!!.** 'f. 'en -I alkaline :!lll`ii.iiil wnlmii .nil 'p*' -i. in' V'liyl tv-nis !.. vr |ii.n'iii iii*. .-sf:;' in . j exti-rinr fu ll ini: svsteii; fn: ! m ! *. U -iil'Uv* prades nf fm dill'll density pin*;. *1ii` :ti<l pi*. '*" i<'S-l.'i-lit1 . This stslein It;. - ii i*; *t*.i- iti:;ti:lii'.ili< tests .if thi* Ann:iiiiii I'iv '.'.u nl \ . *i;11;<>:. Tl system* tu.isiiis nf :i |iipna aled ] :mi* liii'ed nn H'iki:i |ll. tnitl resin ;iiii| ;i 11::li.* - :.*. ji'lym : Tin* u|iii.'il !* Imm .I nn | tm it \!..* I * ' *. a*.I'il.nt' ivsins. Yilit Is ill!* resistant III Il.nfl I'li. i'.ir.ii', * it- nils, ulenhel'. In al'iasimi ;u!i| If.ni-i , . . :usl 111*111* lilltl extensive ti.-e its ;i ciMil i." ill >: kilt*lifii furniture, medicine i iliil.i * . I .i! lixt'in* fiisitiftif jins mill iiiIk*s. ivfti;aerate*a ard if* hk1 Sincf vitivl mat huts resist crui kinj:. !*i*i*kinj. pee iiip, .itnl eh.ilkinp nvor lonp-troi ex'* rim1 ftiiusu: ; these limshes a't* ideally stii'eil Inr u.-enii melal sip: itluniimmi sUlinp, pnrilvn furisi^m*** .i*;*! * I*.**: *`lijff fX|msftl t ;In* u'fir.Iifr. I'ipnnmtftl li nisitvs knif***t*n.i'i*.l nn'ii i*:** 'i Jn'1 (luce tnupli iirtificinl li'iithfrs :m>l fn..*'*ii i*in:li' Jtrt* I'Xfi'iilinu.'illy ii'.'isliinl In !ii*;.i|ii *';!!v, :'* H to othi*r <li*ifiini.iiinu iniliii'in*i! wssinp hiph witter resistanff r.tn l .ii'|<i;is! to silk rollon, mnl other ftihries. Vinyl solution co:itinps cmt !k` .i|i|.!n il its tlemr.i j tivemul |iroli*c(ive v:tr:ush<*s ove** I;.I els. foils. r;tt |K*rs, mnl s|s*ei;il tmt>crs wluit i*xi*.*!lt*ni :i|pf;tr;i.".>** mid resistance In moisture, fijml |tl ici,-., or rm sive mitleriiils are dfsinsl. *itt(ci t\trtom>t>u(*HftA1 If ***mu *%j*If*M"`*v*nn,l 1 ^4 tit*, i finut L*' # .......... t l *< '* \I .** f " Wf tj* F*t**` * . A*!'-* *#* h. v. 1^1*. Medium pt iitici/ed vinyl t6*!injt. b**. 1 cn tixstlitC vi')' ftins, piuvi.lp lim nbvrttnrMtMlily, X'ltiituisr and lir/tity linretl tut iii,i' nn rstnrHH pphejlinn*, tire Ilie cluncii '<' linwn in 11m r.|i .Im.'i .l it . f'x i L.: ,a >!'. *.,*..! ucc 030469 I CAN. TUBE AND CLOSURE LININGS MAINTENANCE COATINGS One of the olde&l implications for vinyl solution rtiins is us a lining for cans, tubes and closures. The hydroxyl or carboxyl modified vinyl resins lend t lionise) ws especially to this applkat ion liecause of their outstanding adhesion and flexibility. I*'ick of taste and odor of the vinyl copolymers and their KltA compliance permit the ulilixalion ol these res ins ;is food contact surfaces for metal substrates. l >rl( of taste sinJ odor mte vinyl costings Kteal tor coaling the mcoof of tood ind beveutgc contsmtfs. Mscmnes list" the double sejiner subject the enns tn terming operations that must e louyh costing a "must." Vinyl solution resins have an excellent perfor anco record :ts maintenance coalings. Vinyl co.r slt*el structures exposed to stilt or river water, corrosive atmospheres, or to chemical liquids a fumes have performed well for many years withe touch-ups. ('(Sitings perform equally well in tnn or polar climates, and withstand the extreme cr ditions of expansion and coniraction of steel surfar during seasonal changes.' Then1 arc many Government specifications ce ering the use of vinyl coating"-. The classical vin maintenance system is based on a butvral wa. primer UT'-l iM11for stilt water i Union (titr.mi; ronnulaunii VP^'t'-l or VP-29', fur fresl) uaiei e\]Kistire. eoaletl with a primer tms oil a hydroxyl'iw dilied vinyl resin and to|ifo;iti with an unmodified vinyl eo|>!> mi ". These eoaln systems have Uvu in regular u.w for 20 vcais large chemical plants, on locks and dams of inlai. waterway'", a,- fouling and corinsinu (Toieclion h ship.', and lot oif-shore oil drilling installation Another very effective maintenance system whir withstands severe cheinie.il attack or water immei sion is based on U earluixyl modified vinyl resiprimer anil an unmodified vinyl resin topcoat. UCC i 030471 # .. i . ,% r;-'*y*vi~* i 1 *.'> ..`J.-*, /,, ' i I'"' -. * JT* -.'.`5* >''.'" 1; ,'T. :< . :r.t ' '-.* c* ;. r r" - ** . #*. ',..' <Jf". i/* r.," " W 1 .*Sr * r! " . ' \ *; j-- I * T :t-v i .rwv. f vV^7'^v;v "V~; isf. .-. ,*.'. ` I* *->- -r 1 *: .*;i-v .* ;. r, " '. 1 iS-=r: N>;r'v r > . . .'- ,_ I'-', tj-- fcjh*. yti * erasure."to *JT:Ti) t;-i r,-' ,;!..- r uni*. V.Vwev.rTrtr. r.r.i'n~r\~.'i - . ttjjlmcs, tTittii'.jm .d* '.!V \ ..-I, toojtjwta ere. najiisC,-;, i;*o4,.\ [ vtnytcteJr.^ l^Uk&lu. t - -'- , With only otfnsr teueti-uso. it, Vtf :. cr.-l . * vi*t << . -31 1916. Ut autuiie acfci cent?**' \ *-.> . r dtnecl utrei from op.: rr.r..' ' hot th* grt,,.;.nl vlnjf W-x-.Z . . 3 W i- 19*6. s-V Tl.i* altol wotor ton<--13 fevi I *-.vf JWZj* .;* .': : .`\v. ' V*- i - 4 . ' *4 . ` 2' 60 lert In c^T.etcr--m prcPi-cr- r *, a . r eoetwic b*a<d on Cr.yru'.s vf,v ; . vjts, '' Ti-ii nen inu,inlnt`jn:i tmir.h i- nti ;. Over 20 year* of ico, pattormenco tyBi-U et *<<,;. _./ Uslmg vinyl For 16 yi* this frtirMtr hi hr'-i tray i routine touofc.up*. Too Oil-tin i-.iyl coating applied in 19*9 l* tl'2 pro-- liinf ; tho rr.tUI. tone ifrvleo'Kf* ond ovkk dr>Sr.!; iy-no L wero too e>i ttio ruont.d V.twit* 3V tin* ootunr* rhecon for tac on ih ` o-.o Of 27 built M tvt* Uiri vaitiU A lylc-ti e.'riuTt vinyt-iMod fjfsivsr^n, mo,. yMod both--fi|vrin * mmil.'wm t i if-.,.. i taruuWO torv*o. Since 19*1, tlu u.';t> .; wg hr* p:o<t:vfd t`a tttui ewnp'.'s.nia ' from ectrenvo wMvhvin* a* w*v ra resm :, tent abreaior. from UM crK<.Tnr.f!*-u r-.'fc. ^ L i L i i i i trzxzzZi'utCivv' ~J X'SVlOAXnn* iiM.r'HH-1 UCC rnrw79 COIL COATING Kwllcnt lit \ilulity. >:" >il ji lin in.i. i.'i'l tvi'-.iWiitNv in.iki' vir.y] u;ii>|.ii` liiii-.hi1-. l it (`KltiilK ,'iriii.iiiUii:. J!;ilvnnijJ'l-i) I I `I I'nM Kill*'.! * in ll;it (iv >*(>i| cii.ii ii V*. \*I-*y i-I'.i-ic*! ' will i;h.'i.iii*! ilnn nj*. -Miiipiin.'. Ih'iiil- nnil .iiln`i- ;<i' lli;:itiM-mini ii* .!:*i(i' lo>. i*J if i won. cvi*n nfii-r l(.:i|i iH'iio*!|( ol > inin'i-. Mim.-iU jnvr'Mtiii with V i yl |n.i'*n'> m:iy In t ricnii'il into j*vhl.:ris such n. l:!!iMi:i : wiling. (tile':.nii ti'.iidiKir fun il in . w iinlim jniil *1 fmnii'-i. v.iiii i*ui i<:., iIiiimi ,ii-|iti.il)ri , I I'll won (`:iI>i:i< i>. It-..*! Ihi\i>v jii'i! ;.;i;il ni-.il I"'' V<`iici ini' Miin|> ;,inl 'rjiiVi Hli'lf . .- * V/\ r i, *,. If < v j i ; WV. i lW'-( i ` .. 1 *(,V ,T ;!?jv ^'ps: iv;; I- r: W : i>* . Vinyl cOiitrd itiel.il nJrnf, lends ^UMbf^ p'oh*f1on 4** r. 4ufctnal hrnld'n^. Th* oane of i, !.%IJ:!*on. tl.f* vutv r < ' ' Ability iMul plat ttn* oeifh<*!*c apf^ni. tn >!.* \ kind of ftidmi* popular. I*'4intenarv 0 in nt^'tpibi#, an ' wfiihmg Veep* tt* l>ruvh Attract I -V ! Aa'-' >; A. TV*;:'*:"' ; rW.*- > I -- /fs '''*$?&. ; Jlli i}L4#U>MJ(I1 -t >r ' w /MMK ,.i V j; - .....V.j.S3.25*r-*---.-r-1-r-r---*W?f-^, r.- . > *",fc^ v r: ' **> . ' ...--t ucc n^D47? tr i. ei'i'.f iind t**imc furniture require s lang-lesting tinnh that can b* caiUy :leaned. A clear vinyl lacquer on thes4 desks fills ihf t,i' . Tin- ratling has survived years t>i rougn usage and many washings with >ut showing signs of deterioration. i COATINGS FOR WOOD \ it.v :*\*.ii.s an* '.I'fl fit: |ii'i>(i:tniiri(! tvnod. a new tieml ir. the liili|ln*i indusi ry. The pffjr.liHtl'tl wood nrtj I"- m.I-m'-jiii ii! ly fahiiraii'd ii:lo panels for t*x- h"i. -i.J'tisi nr inii-rior divination ti'til iniu luf. . {'til ;'a-hlde's laUnaitirits v.eli* KUirnssful ill :....... .'*i j: .ti. interior eiiaiiMK s;.s'it.i for prefinish- i::t* .-.if' mi I tirades of iiiitliiiii d- iisily phenolic .i\> ,! 11! i''1 *.*no*, i 1*.!(i . This .it firm has inel :Is-- lii-M'ini! tests nf ill** Ai'.trieaii Plywood A- m*i.V!.- I ll* system rnlifiv- - nf a (liunu'llUii |.:r.. r I..:m-.| >1hydroxyl inoddied vinyl resin anil a iiiv: I: Hi** Ji*i'|mi(\n *1. Till* lojvoal is a 1111*111) of a hid***-.' i. iini<!iii<- i anil uiintihli(ii ii vinyl iii|ntlymi*r, l'!ii- 'i :ii eon also In* used on appropriate grades n: li.n<Ji .i.i*i. vi.liil lumber, liarJuiHHl plywood. anil ;i;i:: i*'!r !.n:.rdKk.vlieiil adiie.-inn and frvvdinn ini:" >**i ii*:i!!y 1*11111111111*11 tvi:h long u*rtn durability mu ir '|**vii*ii fnnn this iy|*r of system. !?-. dtn\\| ntodilird vinyl twins in eiwdiination nnti r.i ii-M'inJiritvi' alkyils and melamine rosins art* t m i !;*-i.i iTr-ir enaiings for interior grades of hard* *H*.i plyao**.) panels and primed hardlioanJ and i |ii|il.**.iiii. Wood tinism-s liasi'il mi ihi-sr vinyl resins an Ik* **.ii:*ii-d and jmlished nioiv easily than will *i:iii` liiiisi..*;- based on unmodified vinyl rrsins. Tin'."* :n:ifdi**s have e.velieni toughness, resistance `t n>ld i*h* .1, alrnhol, aviils, alkalies. and niany i`i*'i** !a*d piepai.i'inns and will near Inai! fast the < \H*i'i'l '*li* of many in her matings. -, ` . .** .**-* a ! .*S. J? i' t, 1 *`*1*.' ivf li|iitg'wttf-*.!M.* Pi( ../*lMiis^*f* t 0 't *ln M''v *1 *; . {t'Aitv... ss f.e.l .* 0 fd* ic''''* TTfci iftlllff-' **"i" A ?r . : . A g.:: iJiiwrwiWv ** -T`~ I*' ; * '*. . .f: rzi: v 1 ?i: s, f:n.'*h*d ,m,J i:n. *>, *mj ;iJ l.-f*1 *. C Jfitir'*". ;*t* durable and fCi*t r.itct*oi t* iMtfs ftm spike ft#C*S ^ *' - . * ^I: '-'^i-^TifsiTiiiAi--0--idwi'wiVi---w~rr~ii 1 ttw~i 1 * _ 1 CLOTH COATINGS Coalings based on Hakki.itk vinyl co|K>lymcr rcsins may be applied to cloth and other textile products to obtain a variety of effects. Anions these are the application of continuous film.-, to protect, decorate, or waterproof fabrics: the impregnation of fabrics for stiffening that will withstand laundering; and the lamination of textile products by the heat-sealing .characteristics of vinyl resins. Many of the applications of these resins in the textile field are highly s|>ecin!i/.ed and must Is' de veloped individually. The principles of plasticization, stabilization, and thinner formulation have been dis cussed, and these should is* used as a starting (mint for individual formulations for specific applications. In general, the uddition of pigment improves the l>erformuncc of the co|K>lymcr r*sin coatings for doth and textiles, since it improves the light resistance of t lie coating. Books utilizing cloth covers coated with Basttm vinyl resins have a non-absorbent, weterpror.t, stain and smudge-resistant surface that lends itself to a wide variety ot designs not other wise obtainable. -'Vi'iwruwe-. t. iif! "'"'.n1 i'MWf, ay I1L1 W'fjimwyoy \-r`'rf' *.*: -:V; v 'vr'C * . - -, , t -5T > . ;t- ,*,.* * *, ; . . *:, *... 7- . r. * * 4 i". . : --* .'. . * ` * i* , i,- i:v, ; - , *. ' :: . "A . . 1 ;T 's ,S M V * * . i'*."!' , * ..i ." . " *,4 ; , . \ aV1' ` i '*. * :t ' 'V-*. *,?4, ry **,,_ * f' i't. *i V '** ,1`e ', f*. , I*. e,' ** . i1 .'..j PAPER AND FOIL COATINGS The aluminum foil and joper industries u* considerable amount of vinyl emit ing In-cause of: inherent flexibility, chemical resistance and gi heat scalability inherent in t lie vinyl chloride-viacetate resins. Good clarity and a relatively high froelive index add eye appeal W> ihe( end-prfxli The good adhesion of h.\ drnxyl nunlifiivl vii resin kistsi coatings to oil-Ixise let nvpresw-s a other types of inks is t`s|H*cia|ly valuable in dew live and protective coatings 'or pa|H-r labels. !'a|iei ami foil ccxitings b:;ii^vl on lttKKl.m: vis resins may lie used for fooll-packagiug; they taste anil odor-free and |kiss :'>ss outstanding wu' alkali and grease resistance, The thinm-r forinu lions umsI in im|s*i-coaiings rle|H'ii'l largely on t ty|s` of eiKitiug machine to 1m> entploywl. It isihs able in use the most rapidly cvajiorai inc ivnnhinai i that will avoid blistering as wy 11 as 'Vulging" or |w flow, Plasticizers should lie > the tv|K- that do i contribute to the tackiness rif the surface. Win maximum flexibility and film strength are requironly t he higher molecular w -ight i-o|Mi|vmiT res; should Ik* ustsi. The viscosity of the coat g as it is applied inf cnees to some extent the de^rve of in-netration ir the jtaper, and also the glo: Visrositv and to* solids should lie kept as high is |Nissible without a verse influence on applicaljoil, as this improv durability and gloss. Over relatively dense at: :l imjieniieahle pap*' such as ;xirchment. it is rcco nmended that |xiratl or other waxes be added to tlve vinyl formulation lower the moisture-vapor n nsniissicm valms. T wax is not compatible with 11o resin or its snlutio but is hc.d in susjiension. Aftyr application and ha ing, it yields a relatively clear, continuous film havi: excellent moisture-vapor tran^imission rates and gis heat-sealing properties. This procedure also may 1 used over porous papers if finsi a thin ccKit of vin copolymer finish is applied to prevent |K*netration the wax into the |xiper, 24 ucc 030475 FORTIFICATION OF OTHER VEHICLES Bakelite vinyl resins are known for their mois ture resistance, toughness am) flexibility, ami these inherent characteristics are imparted to other vehi cles when fortified with hydroxyl modified vinyl res ins. Addition of small <juanliliesof h.xdimyl modified vinyl resins improves coalings, pariieularly linking tyjies, based on alkyds, varnishes and other filmforming materials. Soft alkyd resins can Ik- tough ened; drying time of alkyds ran Ik* reduced; hard, brittle resins can Ik* made more flexible. Fortified coatings will not only show improved (ilm properties but also better durability. Service tests have shown that water troughs and metal showers lined with a varnish fortified w ith a hydroxyl modified vinyl resin were still in excellent condition after over two years of continuous service*. Unfortified varnishes failed in less than one year. Proper blending of the vinyl resin with the alkyd or other vehicle will yield optimum results. It is sug gested that the vehicle to be fortified should Ik* added slowb.to the vinyl resin solution with agitation. Blends may be pigmented by disusing the pigment first in the vinyl resin before addition of the which* to be fortified. The durability and attractiveness of the coating is generally improved by this blending method. Varnish cooks are an exception to this pro cedure. In this case, the vinyl resin is added during cooling-of the varnish or as a cold-cut in order to avoid decomposition of the vinyl at prolonged high temperatures. Any aliphatic solvents should 1h* avoided in the fortified coatings liecuuse they will cause precipita tion of the vinyl resin. The use of an anti-skinning agent is n'romnu-nded in all nlkyd-vinyl blends. Many iiou-iliyiug alkyds may become incom|iatihle with the vinyl resin and semi-drying alkyds may gel on storage after a short time in the absence of anti-skinuing agents. 26 ucc 030477 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Union Carbide Corporation, Plastic* Division has highly trained engineers in the field ready to assist you. These Technical Representative* will be glad to discuss your individual problems and requirements. 03' BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Annonio, R. W.,"Vinyl Solution Rosins for Coaling Aluminum," l'aint and Varnish Production. Sept.. P.*2. 2. Doolittle, A. K.,"Case History Rojtort on J.ong Term Coaling Performance," Materials Protection, Nov., 1963. 3. Hardman, D. E. and Bresinski, J. J.."Pigmented Vinyl Copolymer Coatings," Official Digest, 36, 963-984, Sept., 1W4. i 4. McKnight, W. II,,"The Physical ami Chemical Nature of Vinyl Solution Coalings Resins," annual con ference of the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Chicago, 111., March, 19G4. 5. McKnight, W. H.,"Thc Real Kacts alMiut Vinyl Maintenance Coatings," animal symposium of the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Frontier Section, Buffalo, N. V., May, l%t) and regional technical conference of Society of Pkistics Engineers, Holden Cate Section, San Krancisco, Calif., Oct., l`.in. i .6 McKnight, W. H.,"Vinyl Solution anil l>i'|tersion Resins," Official Digest, till, 1.72-164, Aug. liltU. 7. McKnight, W. H.,"Vinyl Coatings for Corrosive Environments," presentation at the Southwestern Paint Society Meeting, Houston, Texas, Keh. 1965. 2C ij uoc r r r [ r [ r L i [ L L L L i L J7irac iota Sales Offices Atlanta. Georgia IV),TOO 1371 Peachtree St, N.K. Boston. Massachusetts O2104 3<XI First Ave.. Needham Ht* Chicago. Illinois G0638 6855 Wist Both Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45206 2330 Victory Parkway rlowland, Ohio 44114 1300 Lakeside Avenue, N.E. Clifton, Now Jeraey 07(112 935 Allwood Road Dallas. Texas 75206 6.100 N. Central Expressway Detroit, Michigan 48221 10121 W. Sevrn Mile Rond Greensboro, North Carolina 27401 414 Church Street Hartford. Connecticut 06103 410 Asylum Street Kansas City, Missouri 64141 910-912 Baltimore Avenue L Angeles, Cntif. 90058 2770 Ixsinis Boulevard Memphis. Tennmsee 38116 42:k) Highway 51. South Milwaukee. Wisconsin 53233 2040 Went Wisconsin Avenue Minneapolis. Minnesota 55424 4815 West 77th Street Moorretown. N.J. 0S057 Moorrstown. N.J. New York. New York. 10017 270 Park Avenue Rochester. New York 14618 3700 East Avenue St. Louis. Missouri 63122 122 North Kirkwood Road San Francisco. California 94106 22 Battery Street UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION PLASTICS DIVISION 270 PARK AVENUE. NEW YORK. N Y. 10017 Tbit inforiuttlou to offtrad soloty for your conitdoretion. InvooiiffA' tlon ittd and It i*t to bo ronttniod ot worronty or rrnro- MftUtion for wbifh wo iHimt logo! rtopomibihty. In tulog tKm moUriolt, yoo *uot otUblUh fo? youroolf tbr moil ouiUbi* formulo- tlooo, prod Action motbodt, And control Utu to on&uro iho vniformiiy And avAlity #f your products Kothinf conutnod borotn la to bo understood a* ponvtiotion or mommandatlon to praetlco o powutod Invontlon without a Iwodbo. And you fhould 4iUmiM whothar volovont potonU otiat. Union Corbldo bi highly trained ofigiftoori In th Mold foody to oorvo you. ond tboao toebriltol raproMnuiivot will bo glad to diacuM Inditioual problem*. Softcute, CruMOivt. Uuo And Umiou Caaakk Art rogiiterod Vide mark* of Union Corbldo CprporAUon. In Canada UNION CARBIDE CANADA LIMITED 123 F.glinton Avenue, East Toronto 12, Canada Outside United States and Canada Plastics Department Uninn Carbide International Company Division of Union Carbide Cori>orrtion v,/ 270 Park Avenue, New York, N Y . U S A. I<s>< ('able Ailtln-S*: UaKFUTK. New YiirX Ijtln*irHi>liei| iii t IS- ucc n -! rwfin BAKELITE* VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYHH FOR COATINGS DESCRIPTION. BAKELITE* VYHH is a medium-molecular weight vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate r copolymer resin. It dissolves readily in ketones, esters, chlorinated hydro carbons, and combinations of these with aromatic hydrocarbons. APPLICATIONS [ BAKELITE* VYHH is recommended for general coatings-use. FOOD ADDITIVE STATUS BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYHH is cited by chemical identity in Food Additive Regulations i 175.300 (formerly S 121.2514) for Resinous and Polymeric Coatings and by reference in S 176.170 (formerly I 121.2526) for Components of Paper and Paperboard and in 8 177.1210 (formerly 8 121.2550) for Components of Closures. Properties of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYHH Property Appearance Size, % by weight through a No. 20 USBS Sieve Heating Loss, 45 minutes at 105"C., % by weight Polyvinyl Chloride, % by weight 22% solution of resin in 1:1 MIBK:Toluenc Viscosity at 25*C., cps. Color, 7, light transmission at 475 mi\/600 mi\ Turbidity, light transmission at 600 nu\, % 10% solution of resin 1:1 MIBK:Toluenc Insoluble Hatter, % by wet volume Residual Vinyl Chloride Monomer, by weight Test Methods Visual WC-7-F VC-160-H WC-294-B or D WC-31-VJ WC-5-K-2 WC-5-K-2 WC-322-C WC-326-G-1 Required Values White powder 9B, minimum 3.0, maximum 85.0 - 86.5 200 - 400 85, minimum 85, minimum 0.03, maximum Less than 1 ppm. F-4280SC BAKELITE and UNION CARBIDE are registered trade narks of Union Carbide Corporation, U.S.A.___________________________________________ thu w% not to too titth tt o toi orhicH m nw"t ftAiuijh to ptitnti nv not*M*d m*nton wtiftoyt i*A6# it it iooy t*trmb*ltY not t roeom w*mflnon,*nd ottfKot*on UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION 270 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y, 10017 uec 0304'til TEST METHODS Designated tests are made in accordance with current Issues of Union Carbide (UC) testing methods. They are available from Union Carbide Corporation upon request. LABELING All containers of BAKELITE Vinvl Solution Resin VYHH are plainly marked with the product nomenclature, blend number, and net weight. Shipments will be so addressed as to provide complete delivery to the purchaser. PRECAUTIONARY LABELING On the basis of the toxicological, physical, and chemical properties of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYHH, precautionary labeling used on the con tainers is as follows; FOR INDUSTRY USE ONLY TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYHH Is a powdered rosin which is essen tially inert and non-toxic. Its dust is classed as a nuisance dust which is not known to cause lung disease. However, it is prudent not to exceed the recommended Threshold Limit Value for nuisance dust of 10 mg* per cubic meter of air or 30 million particles per cubic foot, whichever is the smaller. EMERGENCY SERVICE For help and emergencies such as a spill, leak, fire or exposure involving a Union Carbide chemical or plastic, call collect day or night; 304-744-3487 For any chemical emergency, calls CHEMTREC 800-424-9300 NEED OTHER UNION CARBIDE PRODUCTS--SERVICES? CALL TmNti'niCorvo'iniRiofmiHsaCww MtaYS't . - ITtJlSH ***+* . }Q77 HiotAfutteio**hi___.tm<7>0G1?01*39700701 F-42fi08C 9/7B - 4H Printed in U*$.A. * **a , . I**' .... 'V*: ... . *' * V.; `'C;;: ] COATI'IOS V -.--s ] ?.UTC-::ALS.vr4: ,. ' I.JiX ', V-V*A..; ; l` / a,:1 BAKELITE1 VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYHH BAKELITE VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYHH Hakeutk vinyl resin VYHH is one of a class of versatile vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer solu tion resins available from linion Carbide's Plasties Division. As a class, HaKKUTE vinyl eliloride-ueetate copolymers for surface coatings are perms molly thermoplastie, neutral, non-oxidizing and non-heatreactivc. They nrc characterized by absence of color, odor and taste. Films of these resins are not allaeki d at normal temiiernturcs by ulkalies, mineral acids, al cohols, creases, oils, or aliphatic hydrocarbons. Coatins's based on IUkeuTK vinyl ehloride-aeetate resins have low water vapor permeability, low water absorp tion. and excellent toughness and flexibility. These copolymers are designed to di-solvi in otyai.u liquids such as ketones, certain esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons. They form a protective film bv ciapumtinii alone. I'ro|icrly formulated coatings based or. Makkijtk vinyl ehloride-aeetate resins can In- applied by spraying, roller-coating, dipping and knife-t... ;ing. This release presents only those pioiH rtics and peiformanee values siacilic to resin YYHH-hasia! solu tion coatings. A more comprehensive de-nriptinn and iliseussion of \iny| solution coatings preparation, formulation, baking and fusing, and other nil-use applications is presented in tin booklet. "IIaKI.I.iTK* Vin.vl Resins for Solution Coatings" iJ-JITOC'i. EPROPERTIES Hakklitk vinyl resin VY1IH is tbr most widely tain tlie required end-use |iro|>ertics. Coatings based used surface coating vinyl ehloride-aeetate nsin. This on vinyl resin VYHH develop adhesion t bare metal L cojsjl.vmer has a medium molecular weight and a chemical (sini|sisition of a|iproxiinately K7 pereenl vinyl chloride and 1 :i percent vinyl acetate. These surfaces only after a bake of :t2r> to gall deg. K : over primed surfaces, the temperature need old.' be high enough to drive out residual solvent (about 25n pro|ierties have Iteen founil to give a desirable balance deg. K.); on rough surfaces the mechanical adhesion between chemical resistance, solubility, film strength, develoiied may be sufficient without baking. I nd thermoplasticity. Vinyl resin VYHH, supplied as .Marine anlifouling paints, masonry and metal mat a dry white powder, is usually dissolved in a relatively ings. such as for steel and aluminum, lining for beer strong solvent-diluent combination, such us 00 percent cans, coatings for paper, cardboard and foil, and main L ketone solvent to 50 iicrccnt aromatic hydrocarbon diluent, to produce about a 15 to 20 percent solids tenance and sanitary coatings are among the prin cipal applications for finishes based on I'.AKiJ.m; resin solution. Pigments, plasticisers, and heat and vinyl resin VYHH. light stabilizers can lie used in a formulation to oh- l --NS-*---- II I -I**---*| CFORMULATIONS : l A complete discussion of formulation techniques fur by weight of vin.vl resin VYIIII. A partial list of producing both clear and pigmented vinyl solution suitable pigments, stabilizers and plasticizers along L coatings is presented in the general booklet, "H.tKKi.m:' Vinyl Itesins for Solution Coatings." Table 1 gives a convenient starting |minl for the with a table on the solubility of resin VYHH in a number of commercial solvents are presehted in Tallies 2. I and 5. A more complete list of pigments and formulation of nielul coatings based on vinyl resin lives suitable for use with vinyl solution resins is pre I VYHH. All suggested quantities are based on J5 pnrls sented in the general booklet. Julr. <968 F-47713 HAKLI.IIIa, CAnnum.. I Ill.I.OMM.Vi , I l.|.\i)|., j,,.l 1`XlllN < MUII|i|. ill1 ttglMCtrJ ItaJc luiks el t Men Csitx.il ( etpeiati.,11. Thl it not to be token *t warranty ot r^fxWMt^tmn tx wi.n-h teiAl ittimnislblltty nor et petmllftloft at rnconi- nwndeikm 10 ix.trMctf *ny iMlnritni kiwnlion wititoul n iKenw II It ohwihI witrlr ft* ytgr (oAtliMiit<ofl, ln*ftll|itin^ end vflltrik<n, UNION C/.RBIDE CORPORATION COATINGS MATERIALS 270 PARK AVENUE. NEW YORK. N. Y. 10017 uec 030483 pAKELITE* VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYHH Specific formulations of vinyl solution routings will depend oh the actual application methods used amt the end properliei sought. A number of starting |hiit formulation* for many types of vinyl coatings arc available throuKh your Union Carbide Plastics Division. TABLE l Typitll ftf A VYHH Mtl Tifcut AKLLlU vinyl *vn VVMM Flfti fey Weight IS Ptaeticiic' ipMhalate or phovphatel 24 Pigment* ` ................................ . Methyl itobutyf hetono . Toluene or tylont .... Propylene o#df .... ttiler* . .. 2 25 .... 20 SO . . . .0 05 0.20 0M * Percentage1* of piftmvnu very with the type* 4 colon uictf Pigmtn ts The piirmvnts most generally usi-d in oluti<in coat ings based on lUKruTl; vinyl resin VYHH are pro* tented in Table 2. The amounts suggested arc based OR the quantity of each pigment that is necessary to ensure go id hiding and adequate ultra-violet light protection for the vinyl resin. TABLE 3 luttftt!* fei|nwn|i Pff Um in VYHH Solution firmuliiiMi Pigment Pert* per 15 pan* VYHH rotIn Oy Wtighi Aluminum powder .............. 6ft Trtonium do**d* Titanium do**da'antimony paid* ff:|) ........ 10 10 101ft Titanium proeipe erne onde-antimony Oiid# (3.21) Phfho(ocynm preen ... .... 10 lft 24 Phthtlpcyar.ine blue Chromic enAf |irA ... ....................... 2-4 10 15 Ciffeen fetich .... 1 tue leod tulf hite ... White lead oulphit* Med iced .. ......................... 15 75 15 75 20 7*> Iron OMde yollow Itjmthotrc) Iron ondf rod (aynthetiC)"............ ....................... *15 * 15 (von onde brown (tyntheldr" Iron o<4t fetich <yftthetic)# . .............................. *15 * 15 load thremoti ................................... ftrontium chromaIt ........ ....................... .. 15 75 15 70 Cadmium rod*......... ....................... ..... 15 20 Chrome orongi .................. .................... 15 70 Cadmium yellow................................. ... 15 20 1 An iron oiidit fehoutd fee uteri it feitet under IftO deft f The ute of the*# p>gmentt thoutd thciefote fee re*tricttd to toprrMt* which ffdwtre feiaitii it 750 Pc F. to ofetom good odhetiu'i, Natural fenHt or* aatdom utdtoclery. Stobilitee r* The amount nnd type nf stabilizer to U- us.-d to vinyl solutions are dependent u|hiii the vinyl resin itself, the plasticiser, and pigments and the condi tions of baking mid cx|H<surr. Table :l lists some of the commercially available stabilizers Tor use with vinyl resin VYHH along with the supplier of eaih stabilizer. In all cases careful attention must lie paid to the pro|>er choice of stabilizers, and they should Ik- tested under the actual conditions of o-e Reeonimi-niiations of stabilizer suppliers should g.-un ally be followed. y.itic stabilizers should be avoided due to extriii.e color development in relatively short |K-no<l- of tin *. es|HS'ie!l.e in low plasticizer systems. Itnrll Gi aukllxtr "Advence" 17M "Mark" U. . *'Mrh" KCB . .. 'T*ffii-` 1/70 "Minhiv'1 6 V'2 "Huodet" V 131 TABLE 1 rciel ttafethtv- if Uw With VYHH tupplrf Adwance Chermcei and Sotvent Co . .. Avftwfr Chemical Company , . Argue Chemical Company Forro Chemical Company ,, . Harahav Chemical Compeny Muoda* Chemical Compeny PlotticiiTri It is usually desirable to include certain |u-lion of plasticizers in coating* of Hakkutk vinyl resins in order to obtain increased tlexibility. As a guide to the solution of the proper plasticizer. Table I gives the compatibilities' of resin VYHH with a number of i-omniereially available plasticizeis. TAALE I Compatibility Of VAKClITC vinyl rt*ln VYHH wifh Commercial Ptettrctor* Compatifeiiity Data Weight Petto of Beam VYHH i FUMi(ur Compound DatignatiO* Ae*tyl tribvlyt citrate Acvlyl traethyi citrate Amyl Phthetaff .... "AuH.lot'` 1743 GfefefdiatH diphvnyl "Aroctar" 1254 chlonnatad diphenyl Butoygiycol adipate Butyl acetate rreinoieate Butyl cyctoheeyl phthatatr Butyl phthaiate ... . Butyt trbecei*.................... Butyl Maaraie ......... Butyl tartrate........... Difeutyl CCLLOSOLVE phthaiate Dicapryt phthaiate.............. fit (2 nhythcuyn a/aiatr . Dutotiyl ptithalate Di n octyl phthaiate . Drottyi tebacate . . "Cthok*' othocyglyeoi phthaiate Cihftaydigiyrol phthaiate . (Ihythwayl |hthatafe fihyl phlhglate . 41 3:1 1:1 CccC cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc c tc IC IC cccc cccc cccc tc iC IC IC c c cr c cccc cccc cccc cccc ccc c eccc cccc cccc c r t: c cccc * IJCC 030484 BAKELITE* VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYHH Compatibility Oala* Weight RM of Rhin VYHH to Compound 0*ignation b V:l 4:1 2:1 1:1 riCXOL plavticiier DOR CcCc HEXOL plavhCicar 10F Cccc FlEXOl plavtici/rr 1GH . cccc flEXOl plkvtidter SGO cccc FiEXOL pia*tici>er 4H................. cccc flcxoi a<itiici}t iio . . cccc "KR?J" butdiyglycol *laarale . . . EIC 1C 1C 1C "hR 45" dtgiycet drpropionate . . CccC hrerwtcJ" buir>*ygiyCOl phthalair cccC Memos" mathoygtyeot phmalate cccc Mvthyf phlh*i*ic CccC Ntvrioi ` p coumarone mdene po'ymr-r 1C 1C 1C tc **OciaeAvtrnevf >on"il 9r1eapchtio;nn*tipcroadnuhcytdride c Sic Sic Sic Raiaptrs" C t*f) cccc "Rarapifi" C 6? cccc ' Rjoii 40RN cmorinaied p#'*Win c c SIC 1C R h R," phii< i moene coumarone Oil . c c c c Rhenyi phfh*i*ta cccc "Rlaviolcin" 97?0 ., . c c c c "bantiCiiei" S Cccc "Eanticiaer" C IS ... c c c c *&antiCi/er" 0 16 cccc "UMiih'rr" 14] cccc CwiMuwd ftaatgnellon **Sonttcucr" 160 , .. "Sipahn" AOU................ Tribufyf curate ........... Trrbutyi acetytertrata . Inbutyi phoaphate ,.. Trxmyt ,. .. Vr 2t)iytNi|rl Rtetphitt Iriptitnyl photphata ... Compatibility it** . IVelgM Ratio of lt*tfi VYHH to Rliiticttti t:l 4:1 X:1 1:1 C CCC c ccc c ccc c c c c. C C C c` c ccc c ccc c ccc MOTE: DplcetgfmcpaCtooohoraeoclpgllaeamrlcturtonmdiianunoctpwtfdeuildoinaduoaa,givrrv*nuattimaaveoda*gnid,eot*fmuuidnnvniatiin*awahsmrtfloyetmioectopatprynuliemruwraanvttrrhvtotr,uciuaEtnarhiibi*atavbdn<aaCyeptluiitvbovhrauteyilUimraedlnbr*diarinufleettleopeyttiafaooamrafvlormnanctdoeorbipitfftathnteCierhCtou,ha*ieanboccrnaragcnoeWcbytaeeondUildepdanrbsunondeamttodrfdtrneetuietoC*tniaieVhr,oimodteniemrtargtanpg*vnnauarocoieoakdnikaodrrefiae*tnmaecaetttdo,umidcpototrcohoneoefodrtunoueofnrldmnteaimaavmrupdcua*tuccr*tibgom'aieotiroemtowivnmf*hhndiuentctemtnftlmtt*oieaeert*etnvdbodcteroooeodoc*amwnrmatribthIanl*itnnyy*a,-l iCpnooteumrtpeprdaettieobdnilitgayi*ad*faovtlalopwlaa*rtee. *baafatoeor eovnapoopreartaiotonr*o*f Imopivacntito*.n Roefvfui!lmt* *wedare> C -- Complete compahbtiriy; him clear. ilC -- Slightly Incompatible, faint hare or bluvh in film tC Incompatible, (in> bediy bUtihed, mhotnogeneou*. or oily- jj~~SOLUBILITIES li.vKM.ITi: vmjl solution refills surh Us VV11II lire ir;..lil,v dissolved ;il iiHim |eiupci-;itui e hi surh snl\<iil- .<s ketones, nilr.i runipuuiids, mid i.Tlniii esl.Ts mid iliUniii.il'il hyiliiKinliiHK. Other solvents, f*<r exuinpe'. krl,.*,'tilers. I'thrl'-eslrrs, pnly.rthers. iildr* lijil*-.'. mid n rt.iin itlhri1 types nf tnm|mnils, have 4.1I V IIIi-' dryrers ,tf solvent n.'tlnll . on these I'.'sillS .\roin;.lir ' fnlil-liir h.vili'K'.irlinii,'., siieh :is toluene mid wlrin-. Iniil |u -.well. und in Minn- inst.-mres iti^wilvr tin- iv.-ins, espcnullv :it hiith.T trmpcr.ilul rs. Water, aleohuls, and aliphatic hydr.sarbons (petroIriim naphthas) arc stroiiy preeipitants. The hydro* lirnntrd naphthas, etmUiiitiiiK laryc proportions or aromatics, lire grouped between the last two classes. The solubility of vinyl resin VYJIII in n number of commercial solvents is given in Table 5. A thorough diseiission on solvents mid solution characteristics of IUkk.MTK vinyl solution resins is presented in the general booklet. table s QUXLITATIVI VDltlBILITlEl OF MX BtKtllTt' VINYL NttIN VTHH IN SYNTHETIC 0N0ANIC CHEmCAU Xli..- 't/ftllt.jllil*ttl(MlSl*01VL cCtfn(<bfbg'<.i.11iawi1..AffF,T1cWlut1l1.'lyfuir,li<m1mt>trlty.cfChCC'ilrtiv.iioAAtl4mii1OinWln'it0MMl1jVVAAHSi.Ul-<TvalfUl<rtIbtiUfi,ADtrSfe*O>apLwlnr(tli<-9rYvAl,titw9Al-tv.e-,l.Ml lv DfDfODA)liiOiiiriiv.xiErltiutuM,uA.,f.iHpt.intutCyfirtC>t,ytmbv>iApfe*htG>anC1ininyoIlyOyihnilMtieLuf'iltlH'* S S*il>.ttr t. i.t-K CL 1 iitx.,ri.i. bnviiv VtHM Ifbat > c. sscstRSssl1s*1rsb11k*S ss1 s <1st111s*s<ssssi&s1s** pClitiPirufyftiAtPMlyottfill HEEGfLCVfHE?Eveltt(ttovltCEhhhyhhhtBpphcyyytyaylah'htotllyillanneeyylSmfdoOAnplnilhhhmel.ceDliuevepcrc,nvDtGartaayoaytnicltllClnlyeeoe(cohAtiAAoalloccnlteenehdttyaacdtteero, .i./.v..l.. . , MMMIIMMMKvvootaicreer'tfVptyttthwhhhhrrtyyaryoluyyiltinplpiliAAAtonyyiOicillmmiAOAlnlyymUhlcdllet(yeAfAYltleaKrcKcIttOBe-.eht.ha2.to.ool`.eni.l.te.a..i.).. . . . VTHH MS *1 x. * c.* Sb1 *GisI1i1i1i& 1 1sfP1sf111%11ssH SS1S1sCL SI$1s5CL tCMMMMMPRMMTDRMreyrrNieeeeeeomourdtttttttMt.rpptphhhhhhos*eMyyyryyyhyyyht.OltUlhlllellyleepet0ytRnCMhc(ni*vartlfeceorhaohorrntiapftrbDGOLyhoolaLyumubOlaailnrniOfytm<hihiyeeyKScayabdelllotoeoneeOCetKKl^otmlLoHee.nVrntdttve..ooeEecrn.n.eA.e..c.,etate TTTTerenitCterraethhdelOyethiercycanitneh*onylGelelhyGtcloylc,ol ... . UTnnedelyccaontoDt tehlondt . VYHH IRb at *rc. c.* $ssss$issb5ss1sGttf S1 t&$sssssIsss1!ss1ss st Tatn ware made at temperature* ^tightly helow the tooiimg point* on thovp tih.nrii which bnl below 96 deg C. ~=*x?JCB2Sm sasrai ucc 03048? THE DISCOVERY COMPANY UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION COATINGS AND ADHESIVES MATERIALS 370 Perk Avenue. New York, N.Y. 10017 Atlanta. Ga. 30309 1371 Peachtree St.. N.E. Baltimore, Md. 21207 Bellway Bldg., 6707 Whitestone Rd. Boston, Mass. 02194 300 First Ave., Needham Hgts. Buffalo, N. Y. 14225 3343 Harlem Rd. Charlotte, N. C. 26202 201 South Tryon St. Chicago. III. 60606 120 South Riverside Plaza Cincinnati, Ohio 45227 West St. and Madtsonville Rd. Cleveland, Ohio 44114 1300 Lakeside Ave., N.E. Dallas. Texas 75207 2710 Stemmons Freeway Detroit, M.ch. 48221 10421 West Seven Mile Rd. Hartford, Conn. 0G103 410 Asylum St. Houston, Texas 77027 3B39 West Alabama Ave. Indianapolis, Ind. 46220 720 Broad Ripple Ave. Kansas City, Mo. 64141 910 Baltimore Ave. Lot Angeles, Calif. 90058 2770 Leonis Blvd. Memphis. Ttnn, 38116 3385 Airways Blvd. Minneapolis, Minn. 55416 3033 Excelsior Blvd. Newark Office Clifton. N. J. 07012 . 935 Allwood Rd. New York. N.Y. 10017 270 Park Ave. Philadelphia; Delaware Valley Office Moorestown. N. J. 06057 Route 38 and Pleasant Valley Rd. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15220 P'kway Center, 875 Greentree Rd. St. Louis. Mo. 63105 . 10 South Brentwood Blvd. San Francisco, Calif. 94106 22 Battery St. Seattle. Wash. 96116 4726 Rainier Ave.. South 404.892 7500 301-944 8211 617-444-5400 716-837-6450 704-377-6991 312-822-7000 513-272-0206 216 621-4202 214-631-0010 313-341-3131 203 525 9345 713-621-1000 317-255-31B1 816-221-2400 213-583-3061 901-396-5375 612-927-4221 201-778 2900 212-551-4641 215-923 3200 609-235-6200 412-922-5700 314-726-0324 415-982-1360 206-723-8660 CANADA: UNION CARBIDE CANADA LIMITED Amherst, Nova Scotia P.O. Box 579 Calgary, Alberta .640 12th Avenue S.W.............. Lachine. P.Q. 2525 Jean Baptiste Deschamps Blvd. North Surrey, B.C. 13221 76th Avenue Toronto 12, Ontario 123 Eglmton Ave., East Vancouver, B.C. 1175 Grant Street Winnipeg. Manitoba Waverly St. & Seel Avenue 902-667-7241 403-263-8563 514-636-4640 604-596-6257 416-487-1311 604-255 4631 204-453 5221 LATIN AMERICA: UNION CARBIDE INTER-AMERICA, INC. New York. N.Y. 10017. U.S.A. 270 Park Avenue 212-551-2345 WORLDWIDE: INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT, CHEMICALS AND PLASTICS, UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION New York, N.Y. 10017. U.S.A. 270 Park Avenue 212-551 2345 F-41213 !'*pi*m U-7IV50) 7 as - tu ucc Uszki VYH Bakf.ute vinyl resin VYHH is one of a class of versatile vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate colxilymcr solu and thcrmoplasticity. Vinyl resin VYHH. supplied as a dry white powder, is usually dissolved in a relatively tion resins available from Union Carbide's Plasties strung solvent-diluent combination, such as fid iiercent Division. As a class, Bak ELITE vinyl chloride-acetate ketone solvent to 50 ttercent aromatic hydrocarbon [ copolymer* for surface coatings are permanently thermoplastic, neutral, non-oxidizing ami non-hcat- diluent, to produce about a 15 to 2d percent solids resin solution. Figments, plasticizers, nnd heat and reactive. They are characterized by uh.sencc of color, light stabilizers can lie used in a formulation to ob odor and taste. Films of these resins are not attacked tain the required end-use properties. Coatings based [ at normal temperatures hy alkalies, mineral acids, al cohols, greases, oils, or aliphatic hydn carbons. Coat on vinyl resin VYHH develop adhesion to bare metal surfaces only after u hake of 325 to 350 deg. F.; ings based on Rakemtk vinyl chloride-acetate resins over primed .aurfaees. the temperature need only be L have low water vapor |icrmcabilily, low water absorp tion, and excellent toughness and flexibility. These copolymers are designed to dissolve in organie high enough to drive out residual solvent tabout 2fid deg. F.l; on rough surfaces the mechanical adhesion dcvolo|K'd may be sufficient without baking. liquids such us ketones, certain esters and chlorinatid Marine nntifouling paints, masonry' and nn-tal coat [ hydrocarbons. They form a protective fdm by evapora tion alone. Properly formulated coatings based on BaKELUE vinyl chiuride-ncetatc resin* can be applied ings, such ns for steel and aluminum, lining for beer cans, coatings fur puticr. cardboard and foil, and main tenance and sanitary coatings are among the prin by spraying, roller-coating, dipping nnd knife-coating. cipal applications for finishes based on IUKKI.ITK L This release presents only those profierties and tierformancc values specific to resin VYUll-based solu vinyl resin VYIlll. tion coatings. A more comprehensive description and FORMULATIONS discussion of vinyl solution cuttings ('reparation, [ formulation, buking and fusing, and other end-use applications is presented in the booklet. "Hakkute1 A complete discussion of formulation techniques for producing both clear und pigmented vinyl solution Vinyl Resins for Solution Coatings," from Union Car coatings i* presented in the general booklet, "Bakeijte* L bide's Plastics Division. PROPERTIES Vinyl Resins for Solution Coatings." Table 1 gives n convenient starting point for the formulation of metal coatings based on vinyl resin VYHH. All suggested quantities arc based on Ifi parts L Bakelite vinyl resin VYHIf is the most widely used surface coating vinyl cidoride-aeelate resin. This cojiulymer has a medium molecular weight ami a by weight of vinyl resin VYHH. A partial list of Nuitable pigments, stabilizers and plasticizers along with a table on the solubility of resin VYHII in a chemical composition of approximately 87 percent number of commercial solvents are presented in Tables vinyl chloride and 13 percent vinyl acetate. These 2, 3, 4 und 5. A more complete list of pigments and l properties have been found tu give a desirable balance dyes suitable for use with vinyl solution resins is pre between chemical resistance, solubility, film strength, sented in the general booklet. The term* Rakkmti:, C'i:ujirmi.\>;, CAitumii, l'un,oi, and Union- Carsick are registered trade marks of Union Carbide Corporation. `: '/ . I-'.: -I-....... ^ I-1 i ii 11 * ','V`iYr - i; V; i j- 'i ' ''' --'-.^'3... l . V-'.-i1 y t p.iii; .-J ^ 'A* if--SI nio-sar -i i 000 030487 Spwific formulations of vinyl solution routing* will depend on the uctual applicution methods used und the end properties sought. A number of starting point formulations for many types of vinyl coatings are available through your Union Carbide Plastics Division. TASLE 1 Typical Frmulitlni far A VYHH Mml Topcoat Partt by Weight BAKEIITE vinyl retin VVHH ................................... 1% piaitiCi/er (phthalata or phosphate) , ...................... 2-4 Pigments* ...................... ....................................................... 2*25 Methyl isobutyl ketone ................ ,.................................... 30 Taiwan* or xylena *....................... ........................ 30 Propylene oxide ,............................ .............. ,......... 0.05 0 20 Fillers....................... ......................... ................................. 0 $0 * Percentage! of pigments vary with the types and colors used- Pigment* The pigments most jtencr; 'ly used in solution coat* ing* based on BakkmtE vinyl resin VYHH arc pre sented in Table 2. The amounts suggested are based on the quantity of each pigment that is necessary to ensure good hiding and adequate ultra-violet light protection for the vinyl resin. mu 1 Suitable Pigments For Us* In VTHtf So* itbfi Formulations P%ment Parts par IS parts VYHH rosin by Weight Aluminum puwdfr ............................................. ............. g.g Titanium dioxide................................................................. 10-18 Titanium doide/art1mory oxide (t I) .... 10 18 Titanium d>exid.'sinG oxide'antimony oxide (3.2.1) 10 I# PhtheloeySnm* green .. ......................... ........................ 24 Phthalocyonins blue.................. ...........................*. * . 14 Chromic oxide g'*en.............................. .............. 1015 Carbon black.................... .... .... 1 Slue lead ......................................... 15 25 White lead autp.-ut*.................................................. ........ Pad load................................................................................. 1575 20-25 Iron oxide yellow (xymhetic)*......................................... S-15 Iron oxide rad (synthetic** ,,......... ........................ .. S-15 Iron paitfe brown (synthetic)*.................... ..... 15 Iron oxide black (synthetic)* ... .................... .. 8*15 Lead chromate ..................... ......................................... 15 75 Strontium chromate ........................................ ..... 15 20 Cadmium reds , ,T ,. ................................ .................... 15 20 Chroma orange .................................... ... ....................... 15*20 Cadrmum yellow ................................................................. 1570 Ail iron oxides should be used at betas under 280 drg F the use of these r cmfftn should therefore be restricted to *nuenxft hi<h repuire bsMng el 250 deg F. to obtain goud adhesion hetu>*l Oxides are seldom satisfactory. Stabilizers The amount and type of stabiliser to be umi! in vinyl aolutions are duix-ndcnl upon the vinyl reiiiii itself, the plasticizer, and pigments and the emnlitioim of baking and exposure. Table lists some of the commercially available stabilizers for use with vinyl resin VYHH along with the supplier "f e.ieli stabilizer. In all cases careful attention must tx* paid to the proper choice of stabilizers, ami they should be tested under the actual condition* of use. HoeommemlaliotiH of stabilizer suppliers should goio r.dly lie followed. Zinc stabilizers should be avoided due to exlreme color development in relatively short periods of time, especially in low plasticizer systems. , taslc s Stvtrsl CMnnxnial SMfeillnrt tor Uu With VYMH SUMlinr Suss'lr "Advance" 17M .Advene* Chemieet end Selvv.M Cr* **M*ik`` LI .... . .................... -Argot Chemical Company "Mark" PC0 .............. . . Argue Chomieel Company "Ferro" 1720 .................................... Ferro Chemical Company ''Martha*" 5-V7 ........... .... . Herthaw Chamirai Company "Nurdex" V138.........................Nuode* Chemical Company Plasticizers It ift usually desirable to include rertain portions of plasticizer* in coulinp* of Hakkutk vinyl renin* in order to obtain increased flexibility. As a iruide tn the selection of the prnjn*v plasticizer. Table I jrivvs the compatibilities of resin VVHH with a mimlitv of eitmmercinlly available plastieizers. TAiLC 4 Compatibility of BAKELITE vinyl rosin VYHH with CefTmiercial Plasticiiara Compound Designation Acetyl tributyt citrate .... Acetyl triothyi citrate ... Amyl Phthalata ....................................... "Aroclor" 1242 chlorinated diphenyl "Arcelor*' 1254 chlorinated diphenyl Butoxyglycol adipate ......... Butyl ocotato ritmolaate......................... Butyl cytlohexyt phthatai* .... Butyl phthalata.............. . .-- Butyl sebacata ........................................... Butyl stearate............................................. Butyt tartrate............................................. Dibwtyl CELLOSOLVE phthalata DitSpryl phthalata ......... -. Di (2 athyiheiyl) atelata......................... Dnsortyl phthalata .................................... pt n-octyl phthalata . -............................ Oioctyl sebacata .................... ................... "tthoi" athoxygiyeot phthalata............ Ethoydgiytol phthalata.............. Ethylhexyl phthalata . .................. .. .. Ethyl phthalata ..................... Compatibility Data Weight Bane of Booth VYHH to Plasticiser *:1 4:1 M 1:1 c cc c c cc c ccc c c cc c c cc c c cc c C tc !C 1C c cc c c ccc c cc c 1C 1C 1C c cc c cc c cc c cc c cc c cc c cc etc ccc c cc c cc 1C c c c c c c c c c c c ucc 030488 Compound Designation FLEXOl ptaitsciffr OOP riCKOi piavfici/ar TOF................ FlexOl ptaitsciiar 1GH................. fLCXOL plavtiCitar 300 ................ FLEXOL plavticttar 426 .... . *, - FLCXOL plathctitr tlO .... .... . "HP 22 ' butoxyglycol stearate.......... "KF4&'' digiycoi dipropionata ......... HKremc>r butoxyglycol phthalatt .... "Methoa" taethokygiycol phthalatv .... Methyl phfhatal*................. .. "hevmof" p covmpron* indent polymer "Oia'vsoiqftvi mc"l 9re1apchtitohnipieroadnuhcytdride * Paraplex" G-60 ....... ............. . ' P*/*pi#it`' 0 62 . .......... Paroil" eCPN chlorinated paraffin "P,H P,* phenyl mdene toumarone oil Pn*nyl phthaiar* . .... 'Piastple.n'* 9720 ........ baniiciief' t vSantiC2*r" C 16 . .... *'Sent>cirer,a 9 16 ............. "Santiciivr" 1*1 . ..... CwnfUlfcWHy Date* Weight Patio of ftotin VVNH to ntllkiur 9:1 4:t fcl 1:1 Cccc C c c c cccc cccc cccc cccc sic 1C 1C tc cccc cccc cccc cccc 1C 1C 1C 1C c *1C Sic SIC cccc cccc c c Sic 1C cccc cccc .c c c c cccc cccc cccc cccc Cwwyamit Dealgnotton "ftanticlrer" 160 . "tipalin" AOM ....................... Tributyl Citrate......... . .. Tributyl pcotyltitrate . . Tributyl photphate.............. Tticrotyl phoiphate .. .. Tfi 2-ethylhexyl phosphala . Triphenyl phosphate -------- Compatibility Data* Weight ftatta at |U*ln VVHH la Platutixer fcl :1 *. in c c cc c c cc c c cc c c cc c c cc c c cc c c ee c c cc MOTE: Data livin in thi* tab)# an bated on test* conducted over {irioo of year* by Union Carttida evocation in itt labur.v arm at South Ch.v'aston. west Virginia. on commerce i compound* purehated in tha open market or submitted by manufacturer*. Evciy effort hat baan aaartad to pratant only accural*, impartial infoimation at a guide to aurfac* er-ji fog formulaior* but soecilit conditiont and formula modifi cation* may affect tha charactfntlict of tha various compoundt in cartam inttanett- Undtr no circumstance* ara tha data in vhit labia to ba conttruad at a rthactlon on tn grad*. quality or purity of any of tha compound* listed, in atl cataa formuletor* art urged to make their *n t*U. following thalr individual procedure*. and to draw their own conclutiona. Compatibility data art batto on oparatoi't intpaefion of filmt de posited on (lata piatta alter evaporation of solvent* Results war* interpreted a* follow*: C -- Cc-mpieta compatibility; film clear. SIC -- Slightly incompatible; famt ban or bluth in film. 1C **- Incompatible; fifilm badly blushed. inhomogeneous. or oily. SOLUBILITIES I'l.M.rMTK V j ll> I Xiilutinll IVsill* Sill'll IIS VYIIII .'III' ivmlily ilisxilvcil :it M>ini tim|'i`r;ituii' by suili milwills :is ki ioiii's. Minn inmiKiumls. nml vertain i-sti-rs uni! ilil.inn.ili''l hyili'iH'iirliims. Other sulvi-nts, for I's.impl.'. ki'lii-itlii'is, vtlii-l'-i-slfi's. isily-t-lht-rs. IllilvhyiU-s. iiml iirtiiiti uther types of compounds, have viiryim: ileyicrs of solvent action on these resins. Aint.itie or rolil-tur hydrocarbons, such ns toluene olid xyli tic. lend to swell, mid in some instances dis solve the rosins, especially at higher tcmiHTalures. Wider, alcohols, and aliplintir liydniiitrlmns (pi troleum naphthas) are stnniK lin-dpitants. The hydroItcnnti-d naphthas, contain in^ Inrue proportions of aromatics, arc K>'oU|H>d between the last two classes. The solubility of vinyl resin VVHII in a number of commercial solvents is uiven in Table G. A thorough discussion on solvents and solution characteristics of BaKKUTk vinyl solution resins is presented in the urni'i'ul booklet. TASIE S QUALITATIVE SOLUSILITICS OF SAKCLITE VINYL IVESIN VTHH IN SYNTHETIC ORCANIC CHEMICALS Proportion of Fctm in liquid Temperature*. dtp. C. Sjnimt* Oifafi.c Liquid. ftvntyl CbLLObOLVt gntandl n Butyl Acet.su- 94 , > utyl CARO'TOL gjtyl CaRt'TOL Acetate B. tyl Cll LOSOLVC n Outyl fm*r butyl Phtnaiatc r.APenot At elate CAREITOL f'llvent C5Ll0fClVE /.cM.>te CtLLOSOLVt X..I..HI O.art'lonf Ai. - >ii ai Cichimrtl'il tlliff UiCliiiti iv^p'fijiv l t-ther Diethyl CAMOllOl OiMhyU*ne Csiycoi Diitobuiyi hetnne Dipmpyte'tt CiytOl VVNH 10% 26 96 S6 sS cS 1l sf Pa s Ss 1 11 ss ss 1 s$ 1 r. s ss ss s s1 s$ ss 11 S Soluble C Cel* Cb Cloudy ftplution 1 Iniolubte SW Swell* P Partially Proportion Of Itoatn in Liquid Temperature*, deg. C. Synthetic Organic Liquid* Ethanol (95%) ........... Ethyl Acetate .... . 2-Cthylbutyl Acetate ........... Cfhyl Ctnr........................... Ethyl Smeate ................ Cthyien* Dichlprtde ......... Ethylene Glycol . . . ?-Ethylhe*nol . . F tmylhcsyl Aeetate .... Giycul Oiaeetate ................... Heptadecanel ......................... Hetanoi .... f*Dprnpanol (Anhytfreu*) . . , l*oprppanoi (lechmcai) .. . l*opiouyi Acetate <99,) ... thOPropyl Llher ........... .. Mcvnyl Oxide .. ................ .. Methanol Mi-thriAc.im.il?' .) . Methyl Amyl Acetate .... Methyl Amyl Atcnhol ........... Methyl n-Amyl Ketone .. .. VTHH io*; 25 95* j S S t 1 s 1 1 s G 1 1 1 1 s 1 s t SCI s 1 s s s 1 5 s PS 1 s s ACL s s Proportion of ftein in Liquid Temperature*, deg. C. Synthetic Organic Liquid* Methyl CARStTOL ................ Methyl CELLOSOLVE ......... Methyl CELLOSOLVE Acetate Methyl l&ebutyl Ketone .... Methyl Pnthalate ... ......... 2-Nittepropan*...................... Methyl Ethyl Ketone ........... Methyl Hexyl Ketone . . . Mcthyi isoamyl Ketone Cyclohexanone .................... Tetrahydrofuren .................. Dimethyl Formanide . , . Propylene DiChlor.^** . Propylene Glycol .. , Tctradeianol .................... Trlnnltyiinr Glycol .... Trichiorvihylnne , .... Triethylene Glycol ............. Tnelycol Oichioritfe ........... Unoeeanol ........................... VTHH 10% 25 95* 11 S% SS ss $ ft ss $s $$ s ft s5 ss ss ss 11 $ ft 1f 11 G1 1s s I 1s " Tfftl* were made at temperatures blightly below boiling point* on those liquid* which boil below 96 deg Atlanta, Georgia 30309 . . . 1371 Poochtroo St., N.E. . - 873-4961 Chicago, lltineit 6060V ,330 North Mic1 gan Avenue .....--.......................... Finonciot6-3300 Cincinnati, Ohio 45106 3330 Victory Poikwoy ._....... .. Unlvertity 1-3035. 36, 37, 38 Cleveland, Ohio 44114 ~ . 1300 loketide Avenue, N. E. ... ... ................. Moin 1-4202 Clifton, Now Jertey 07013 . 935 Allwood Rood ------------- ... -------- ----- Pretcott 8-2900 or N. Y. ext. (212| Oxford 5-1645 Dollat, Tocai 75306 __ - . ____ 6300 N. Control Ecpreitway..... --------- - ..... Emerton 3-169) Dotroil, Michigan 41331............... 10421 W. Seven Mile Rood...... ............... . .Diamond 1-313) Greentboro, North Carolina 37401 414 Church Street ---------------- ........................... 274-7696 Hartford, Cennt leaf 06103 . . 410 Atylum Street Jorkton 5-3185 Kontet City, Mittourl 64141 ....... 910-913 loltimere Avenue ...... .......... Sollitnore1-7400 Lot Angolot, California '51 ... 3770 leonit ioulevo'd ..... ..... Ludlow3-3061 Momphit, Tonnottot 38116 -.... Room 304-6, 4330 Highway 51, South..................... 398-1328 Milwaukee, Witcontin 53333 .... - 3040 Wait Witcontin Avenue . Dtvition 4-7050 Minneapolis Minnotota 55434..... 4815 Weit 77th Street ......... .................... -...Walnut 7-8835 Meeroiiewn, Now Jertey 06057 .Moorettown, New Jertey Belmont 5-6200 Now York, Now York 10017 ... _. 370 Pork Avenue.................... ..... .................................551-2345 lochottor. Now York 14616 ....... 3700 Eott Avenue............ ........ ........................Ludlow 6-3910 St. loult, Mittourl 63133______ 132 North Kirkwood Rood........ Yerklown 5-7440 . Son Frontitco, California 94106 . 22 Rettery Street...........*..... ..... -................................ Yukon2-1360 IN CANADA UNION CARBIDE CANADA LIMITED 123 Eglinton Avenue, Eait Toronto 12, Canada Outiido United Stalei nnd Canada PLASTICS DEPARTMENT UNION CARBIDE INTERNATIONAL COMPANY Divition of Union Carbide Corporation 270 Potk Avenue. New fork, N. Y,, U. S. A. 100)7 Coble Addrcli: BAKELITE, New York J21MI 0J4-4 in U-S.A. ucc 030490 BAKELITE VYHH is a medium-molecular weight vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. It dissolves readily in ketones * esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and combinations of these with aromatic hydro carbons . APPLICATIONS BAKELITE VYHH is recommended for general coatings use.. FOOD ADDITIVE STATUS BAKELITE VYHH is chemically identified in Food Additive Regulations $121.2514 for Resinous and Polymeric Coatings and by reference in $121.2526 for Components of Paper and paperboard and in $ 121.2550 for Components of Closures. Properties of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYHH Properties Appearance Size, per cent by weight. through a No. 20 USBS Sieve Heating Loss, 45 minutes at 105C., per cent by weight Poly(vinyl chloride), per cent by weight Test Methods Visual WC-7-F WC-160-H WC-294-B or D Required Values White powder 98, minimum 3.0, maximum 85.0 - 86.5 (continued) December, 1973 F-42808B uce 030491 BAKELITE and UNION CARBIDE are registered trade marks of Union Carbide Corporation, U.S.A,___________________________________ ______________________________ Thu information i% no; to be taken at a warranty or representation (or which we estume lepot responsibility nor es permission or recormtntiat'on to pr*cter any patented invention witnout a license It is offered solely lor your consideration, iftvestiCAtion end verification UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION . 270 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 -2- /' Solution Properties 22 Per Cent Solution of Resin in 1:1 MIBK:Toluene Viscosity at 25*C., cps. Color, % transmission at 475 mn/600 mu Turbidity, light transmission at 600 im\, per cent Test Methods WC-31-W WC-5-K-2 WC-5-K-2 Reouired Values .200 - 400 85, minimum 85, minimum 10 Per Cent Solution Resin 1:1 MIBK:Toluene Insoluble Matter, per cent by wet volume WC-322-C 0.03, maximum TESTING METHODS Designated tests are made in accordance with current issues of ASTM or UNION CARBIDE (WC) Testing Methods. The former can be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, Riiladelphia, Pa., while the latter are available from Union Carbide Corporation upon request. LABELING All containers of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYHH are plainly marked with the product nomenclature, blend number, and net weight. Ship ments will be so addressed as to provide complete delivery to the purchaser. PRECAUTIONARY LABELING On the basis of the toxicological, physical, and chemical properties of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYHH, precautionary labeling used on the containers is as follows: FOR INDUSTRY USE ONLY F-4280BB 12/73-4M .N ucc 030492 Printed in U.S.A. GENERAL PROPERTIES Resin VMCH differs from resin VYHH in that it contains the reactive carboxyl groups of maleic acid which are responsible for the air-dry adhesion properties of the resin and its reactivity with basic pigsents and certain resins, Xt Is a tripolyner of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, and maleic acid in the ratio of 66:13:1. Fesin VYHH is a copolymer of vinyl chloride-acetate in the ratio of 67:13* Both resins have comparable viscosities in solution. VIKYLTTB Fesin VttCH: Specifications Appearance Powdered Vhlte Solid Size At least 98?> through 20 mesh Heating Loss 2.0* maximum Vinyl Chloride Resins 63.0-88.0* Maleic Acid 0.70-1.00* Specific Viscosity 0.536-0.567 (1.0 gm. in 100 ml. solution in methyl isobutyl ketone 20.0 deg. C.) Solubility - Both resins are about the same. See Table I for specific information. Beat Stability - Heat stability of resin VICE is substantially the same as that of resin VYHH in unstabilized films over metal. However, resin VHCE ia primarily intended for use in air-dried and low-baked systems where heat stability 1b not a major requirement. Light Stability - Ih properly pigmented systems, both resins are about the same. In clear, unstabilized films, resin VYHH is slightly superior. Adhesion to clean metal - Air-dried: resin VMCH is very good, resin VYBH is poor. Baked at 250 deg. F.: resin VMCH is very good, resin VYHH is V-oor. Baked at 330 deg. F. in stabilized coatings: both resins are very g-:<- UCC 030493 -2- table I o QUALITATIVE SOLUBILITO OF VINYLITS RESIT? VXC5 Synthetic Organic Liquids Tcrxeraturc. i'*. Z- 2$ ii- : Acetone Aeetonyl Acetone Benzyl CELLOSOItfE Butanol n-Butyl Acetate (98^) Butyl CARBITOL Butyl CARBITOL Acetate Butyl CELLOSOLVE n-Butyl Ether Butyl Fhthalate CARBITOL Acetate CARBITOL Solvent CELLOSOLVE Acetate CELLOSOLVE Solvent 151acetone Alcohol Diehlorethyl Ether Dichlorisopropyl Ether Diethyl CARBITOL Diethylene Glycol Diieobutyl Ketone Dimethoxy tetraglycol Dimethyl Formaaide Dloxane D1propylene Glycol Ethanol (957} Ethyl Acetate 2-Lthylbutanol 2-Ethylbutyl Acetate Ethyl Butyl Ketone Ethyl.Ether Ethyj. Silicate Ethyl--ne Dichloride Ethyl.ne Glycol 2-thyihexanol (Octyl Alcohol) 2-thylhexyl Acetate Glycol,Dlecetate Ecptadccanol fiexanol Isopropanol (Anhydrous) Isopropanol (Technical) Isopropyl Acetate (96x) Isopropyl Ether Kesityl Oxide S SC S G I Ss FS s S I I ss ss XI ss II G S Sb ss II ss ss s s I I ss IT ss ss I I ss I II ss G PS II I II II ss II ss ucc 030494 / 3- TABLE I (Coot'4) Synthetic Organic Liquids Methanol Methyl Acetate {&%) Methyl Amyl Acetate Methyl Amyl Alcohol Methyl CARBITOL Methyl CELLDSOLVE Methyl CELLDSOLVE Acetate Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Methyl Fhthalate Phenyl CELLDSOLVE Propylene Bichloride Propyler.. Glycol Propylene Oxide Tetradecanol Tetraethylene Glycol Tetrehydrofuran Trichlorethylene Triethylene Glycol Triglycol Bichloride Undecanol S * Soluble G * Gels CL Cloudy PS 8 Partially Soluble Temperature. C. i S-CL S I 1 s s s s G s s s I I s G I s 1 S-CL S T* I s s wc S s s I s 4 1 s 5 I * Insoluble * Resin concentration for all solubility teats, 10 per cent <H> peterained at temperatures slightly below boiling point for liquids boiling below 93 deg. C. yCTEi Although CELLOSOLVE solvent, CARBITOL BOlvent, toluene, xylene, and closely-related liquids do not dissolve resin VMCH when used above, certain combinations are effective solvents. Thus, a CELLOSOLVE sol vent-toluene mixture in 1;1 to 1* L ratios will form solutions of at least 13 per cent resin solids, with viscosity.minimum at a ratio of about 1:3* fa ucc 030495 Resin VMCH adheres very well on sir-drying to Iron, steel, calmins. ,,nd brass. Over tine, some loss of adhesion occasionally occurs by reason of * excessive reactivity. A phosphate pretreatment of this netal Is urgeu. (It Is suggested that the fonsulator Investigate the use of wash pricers, bnut-a on vinyl butyral resin, for use on galvanised surfaces. Wash pricers urc uuscrlbcd in the booklet "VINYLITE Vinyl Butyral Resins for Coatings.") A va;:. pricer consisting of a dispersion of chromic phosphate in a VMCH resin solution has been noted to give outstanding performance on steel and other surfaces. Compatibility - both resins are about the same. They are compatible with each other and with other vinyl chloride-acetate resins. Reactivity vith pigments - at room temperature, resin VYKH la ncr.reactive, but resin VMCB reacts vith basic pigments to cause gelation of tne composition. Both resins show thermal breakdown with zinc or certain Iron pigments at bakes over 2B0 deg. F. Beat-reacted coatings - Resin VMCB can be formulated to produce solvent-resistant coatings much more readily than can resin VYEH. (The formulator is advised to lnvestlgste this property in resin VAGH if he is ir.tcrestvc in improved solvent resistance and somewhat better heat-resistant coatings.) UCC 030498  -5- Fcrrmlotion of Retin VMCH Cootingt VINYUTS resin coatings that arc to be air-dried cr baked at ten.,'- 4 eretures of 250 deg. F. or below are usually formulated with resin VXCH. Ti.or.icay be used as one cost finishes, or they nay serve as primers for finishes based on resin VTHH alone. Such finishes are veil suited for general-purpo^coatings and for ckcsical and corrosion-resistant coatings Involving either atmospheric exposure or fresh vater immersion. Air-dry coatings for salt water immersion usually include the well known wash primers based on V3KY1KE Resin XYHL. While resin VKCE has the same high degree of chemical resistance as does resin VTfBH, air-dry coatings may not display the same resistance as a VfKK resin coating baked at 550 deg. F. This is attributable to the greater permeability of air-dry coatings which may result from retained solvents. Tnls factor must be considered in applications involving maximum chemical rer is-,,n:.c. The formulation of VMCK cc .tings is based on the principles outlined for resin VYHE in the book "VIKTUTE Resins for Surface Coatings" anc differs only in that resin VKCH is reactive with basic pigments, a property that us often utilized to formulate coatings of decreased solubility. Basic sugges tions for formulating are as follows; Solvents -- Base solutions are prepared at ?0 per cent resin content in thinners containing equal proportions of ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons. Further dilution can be made with mixed thinners based almost completely or. aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols are strong precipitants, and are to be avoided in thinners. Propylene oxide to the extent ~f 0.? to 0.5 per cent of the thinner is n desirable nddltlcn to insure neutral 1 tv IJCC 03049 ^r< the solution. (NOIE: Care should toe taken to follow manufacturers* rvcossended precautions in handling propylene oxide.) Plasticizers -- Conventional vinyl plasticizers which are coxpietely compatible are incorporated at 15 to 35 parts per 100 parts of resin. Thu' higher proportion is required for coatings which are force dried, whereas the lowest proportion is desirable for underwater coatings. J)l (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and tricresyl phosphate are typical of the plasticiser types giving excellent performance. Replacement of a portion of these with chlorinated paraffins is often desirable for best performance under conditions of high humidity or fresh water immersion. Stabilisers -- Heat stabilisers are not required for normal air-cry or low-bake coatings. Properly pigmented finishes do not require light stahilisers. Unpigmented finishes are not reeomaended for use outdoors or where exposed to ultra-violet light. Added Resins -- Resin VNCH exhibits its greatest utility in improv ing the adhesion of other vinyl chloride-acetate resins. It is often uses with resin VYEH since the latter is a convenient vehicle for pigment disper sions. In other instances, resin VAGH i6 used with resin VKCH coatings in order to improve the adhesion of the coating to surfaces covered with old paints, wash primers, and`varnishes, surfaces to which resin VKCH does not normally adhere. Like other vinyl chloride-acetate resins, VKCH resin does not have sufficient compatibility to be used for reinforcing many other types of coatings. It has been useful, however, for improving the air-dry adhesion of many acrylic and aethaerylic resin coatings. -7- For coatings Involving extreme chemical reslctar.ce, blends of .v. ... VICE and WI>R are often used. Sometimes such blends gel, even though ner.reactive pigments are used. This is caused by resin VYDR, solutions of v.-.ic'r. thicken rapidly In cold veather. Such gels are temporary. They can be br..un: and the coating restored tc Its original fluidity by warming the container, using a high-speed agitator to break the gel, or by a combination of both. Added solvent will hasten the process. Pigments -- Essentially neutral pigments, such as titanium dioxide, chromic oxide, and precipitated iron oxides are well suited for general usein resin VMCH primers. It is advisable to formulate primers with a top limit of .20 to 25 par cent pigment by volume based on the dry films. A higher pig ment content tends to decrease the air-dry adhesion of coatings based on VISE resin. This is believed to result from a simple dilution effect, or tin absorption on the pigment of a major portion of the carboxyl groups, leaving few to attach themselves to the surface being coated. Eesin VKCH formulations containing leafing aluminum pigments should seldom be stored since the solvents often dissolve the agents used to cost the aluminum powder to improve the leafing characteristics. These leafing agents are often fatty acids which interfere with-the air-dry adhesion of resin V1CH when dissolved in the solvents of the coating. Special precautions should be taken to avoid basic pigments in resir. VK:H formulations that are to be stored before application. Most basic pig ments react with resin VXCH in solution to form a gel or "liver." Pigments displaying this undesirable reactivity include tine, strontium and lead chromates, tine oxide and zinc dust, natural iron oxides, and most of the -d uc -8- pig:r.enis, With the exception of neutral or acidic grades of some of these 0 types, most of the pigments conventionally used to obtain anticorrosive prop erties In coatings are reactive. Because of the low solubility of water in the vinyl chloride-acetate resins, usually there Is little value in nixing these rust inhibitive pigments in vinyl films. However, when needed, they can be incorporated by a mixing-lacquer trrhnique to be described later. y.f ~--.ojs of Pigmentation -- When coatings in which resin Vy.CH is pre sent are to be pigmented, it is customary first to disperse the pigments ir. another compatible vinyl resin, usually resin VYHH. This is done because: (1) The excellent adhesion of VMCE makes it difficult to "work" dispersions, on a two-roll mill, often used to disperse pi^ents in vinyl resins. (2) A greater variety of pigments can be dispersed in other vinyl chloride-acetate resins than in resin VMCH, because baBic pipnents react with resin VXCE to i form products which are difficult to dissolve. The normal procedure for pigmenting coatings based on resir. VXCE simply consists of dispersing the pigment in resin VYHH (or other vinyl chlor ide-acetate resins) on a two-roll rubber mill. The resulting chips are cut with thinner to form a pigment paste, according to procedures described in * "VIJfl'LITE Resins for Surface Coatings." The pigment paste is blended with a base solution of resin VKCH, plasticizers, and thinners as required to com plete the formulation. If it is more convenient, the chips can be dissolved .* directly in the base solution, instead of preparing a separate pigsent paste. If ball mill dispersion is desired, resin VKCH can be used as the dispersing medium. If a gloss coating is required, it is necessary to mill the pi^nent with plasticizer, thinner and wetting agent and, after a dlspersio; ucc 030500 9- lc outlined, the VMCH resin or resin base solution is added to the mill. After further grinding, any remaining ingredients of the formula any be ad.1.-.:. Special precautions oust be taken to avoid reactive pi&nents in the formulution. Contamination vlth iron is also to be avoided, and It is advisable to use flint or porcelain pebbles and similar mill linings to eliminate its oc currence. If steel balls are used, the effect of traces of iron must be court erected vlth r,-. ................. .thophosphate does veil under such coni it*, o- . Where it is desirable to incorporate basic pigments into resin VMCH coatings, it is necessary to use the mixing-lacquer technique, similar to the method used in preparing many conventional aluminum pigmented paints. The mixing-lacquer technique is similar to the method of preparing many conventional aluminum-pigmented paints Just prior to use. It involveu keeping the reactive ingredients (pigment dispersion and solution of resin VMCH) apart until immediately prior to the application of the coating. Brief ly the formulator follows these simple steps; ' a. The composition of the coating is calculated, including thinner to reduce to spray viscosity, if spraying is to be followed. b. The pipaent is dispersed in resin VYKH or other copolymer VEILXTE resins, and a semi-paste is made of the dispersion. c. The pigment semi-paste, plasticizer, and other ingredients, t with the exception of the VMCH resin and the majority of the thinner, are mixed and packaged. ucc 030501 lo ti. Dilute solution of resin VKCH in the balance of the thinn packaged in another container. An anti-gelling agent '-ay be included. e. Just prior to application of the coating, the contents of the tvo containers ("c")and("d"), are mixed. Since the coatir.j new appr^- *..i it. uun be used immediately. ....... e contact between the reactive in gredients. The mixed coating will keep for several hours with out gelation, but, in many cases, it will not be usable after overnight storage. I : With certain very reactive pigments auch as the basic tine chro.--.te;, it may be necessary to add very small proportions of anti-gelling agents. The most effective of these is n-butyl acid phosphate. Other anti-gelling agents such as malclc acid, tartaric acid, diphenyl guanidine, arroonia (most efficivr.*. if dissolved as a gas in the thinner) and amines, to name a few, are effec.:\v in preventing livering in solution, but generally these interfere with tr.e air- * dry adhesion of the coating. Their chief value is in formulations designer :'or low,or high bakes. By the mixing-lacquer technique anti-corrosive pigments such as * ..e zinc and strontium chromates may be used in primers containing resin VV.CH. Is. these formulations the chromite pigment should not exceed 50 per eeni of tae re-sir. by weight or 10 to 15 per cent of the dry film by volume. The excellws-.r moisture resistance of films of vinyl chloride-acetate resins make it diffi cult for soluble chromates to pass freely from beneath the coating after s.oioture has penetrated to the primer. As a result, some blistering and lost of ad;.esion is likely to occur if the chromate pigment concentration in the ;;r UOC 03050 -11- ic,c nigh. However, the total pigment content nay be advantageously raise.: by blending other pignents such as titanium dioxide with the chromate. * Of the rust inhibltlve pigments, tri-lead orthophosphate and tetralead pyrophosphate have the least reactivity with resin VXCH. However, ccat'ujtf containing these pigments with resin Vl-ICH lose their ability to adhere on ...r crying If stored in solution for extended periods of time. Recent studies indicate that chromic phosphate, either with or with out adfif'd phosphoric acid, confers rust inhibitive properties on resin VKCIi coatings. The coatings containing phosphoric acid often show some pipsent flocculation on storage, so that it is advisable to withhold this ingredient until Just before application. The phosphoric acid modified coatings are pre ferred for applications subject to salt water immersion. Reactive Coatings -- Coatings of better solvent resistance and , ;r heat distortion temperature can be obtained by taking advantage of the : ecivity of resin V1XH. This involves the reaction of the free carboxyl .;:o of the resin with basic pigments or other resins to introduce a mearc of cross-linking. Basic pigments such as blue basic lead sulphate are dispersed in r^sin, then blended vithVMCH resin solutions. Livering or gelation is -' v.stcd by the addition of anti-gelling agents such as maleic, citric, or .::-;r:c acids in very small proportions (0.01 to 0.5 per cent on VX.CH resin), -ting is applied and then baked-at temperatures around 550 deg. 7. The . costing has milch better resistance to solvents than do resin VfKH cout- UCC 030503 -12 lags, uj'id is often used as a primer under highly plasticized coatings, sue., as plastisols, becuuse of its resistance to softening by plasticisers. Various resins such as the melamine and urea-formaldehyde types re act vlth resin VKCH during baking. Frequently, plasticizing alkyd resins uru required in the formulation to retain flexibility and prevent checv costing. Such coatings combi..': v.-. . .. ..w. resistance, aciu and alkali r^^^^tance with low solubility in many cocaonly used organic liquids. Specific Uses 'fue usefulness of resin VKCH has been outlined in a general way earlier in this booklet, To illustrate more specifically some of the ways which application can be made of this, the following suggestions are cited: Frequently, there is a demand for maintenance finishing systems which must withstand more severe chemical attack or slightly higher surface temperature than systems containing resin VYHH can withstand efficiently. In such cases, a primer combining VIirfLITS resins VKCH and VTOR, followed by finish coats based on resin VYDR, alone, will give excellent service. A sys tem of this sort has been in regular use for ten years in a large chemical plant. Long-lasting finishes for concrete are easily formulated when resin VKCH is a major portion of the vehicle. Tests made on both rough and smooth concrete panels half buried in wet sand and half exposed at 1j5 deg. to the horizontal facing south at South Charleston, W, Va., showed virtually no fail ures in such coatings after two years of exposure. Several concrete svimmir.g pools in the same area were finished with similar systems and withstood more uce 03050*4 M Z m O - n Z O n w w m Z -V 'C c o UCC, PLASTICS DIVISION VINYL RL'SINS HANDBOOK - CONFIDENTIAL RESIN MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION VYNS-3 0/17/7? ----------- ~ "BAKELITE" VINYL CHLORIDE - ACETATE RESIN VYNS-3 Specification Limits 1 Appearance White, powdered solid 2 Size 98.0 per cent by weight, minimum, through a No. 20 USBS sieve 3 Heating loss, 45 minutes at 105*C 1.5 per cent by weight maximum 4 Polyvinyl chloride 88.5 to 90.5 per cent by weight 5 Inherent viscosity 0.72 to 0.75 0.2 gm resin per 100 ml of cyclohexanone at 30*C 6 Foreign natter, slurry rating 7 Water content, per cent 3, maximum DAR *8 Residual Vinyl Chloride Monomer cl ppm by wt. Method Visual WC-7-F WC-160-H WC-294-B WC-31-B-4; ASTM D 124 WC-15-P-1 WC-6-F-5 WC-326-G-1 TIIE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS APPLY TO A 17 PERCENT BY WEIGHT SOLUTION OF THE RESIN IN 70:30 MEK:TOLUENE PREPARED ACCORDING TO WC-609-I; 9 Solution Viscosity at 25XC, centipoise 200 to 400 WC-31-W 10 Color 80, minimum WC-5-K-2 11 Turbidity 85, minimum . WC-5-K-2 DAR Determine and report * Denotes addition ucc 030505 -13* than six years of service before refinishing. In one cui.e, the refir.ish . was done to change the color; in another case, remodelling of the pool r.. . sitated the refinishing; in neither instance did the original coating sl.cv serious failure. As described in the booklet, "VETYLITE Resinc-Dispersion Coating.?," it is possible to improve the adhesion of VHOTLITE resin organosols for o w;d-: variety of applications. This Is done by preparing a solution such as the following: XL-53 3 6 V IKYLITE resin VKCE Kethyl CILLD50LVE solvent Fropylene oxide Toluene Percent by weight 15.0 21.0 0.2 63.6 100.0 In such a case, the solution is warmed to 125 deg. F. to insure com plete solution. It will blend readily with nearly any organosol, but best results are obtained if blending is done just before use. Usually 5 to 30 parts of resin VKCH to 100 parts of resin VYNV will be sufficient. Obviously such a formulation is useful in other applications, as well. The ability of resin VKCH to develop adhesion at lower baking temp eratures than are necessary for resin VYHH cakes it highly useful in many types of finishes, especially in one-coat applications. Bottle capo, wall tiles, metal cabinets, and many other surfaces have been'commercially coated with such finishes for several years. ucc U30506 . -II*Summcry VIKfiJTE resin VKCH is basically & vinyl chloride-acetate resin wit:, the outstanding advantage of adhering veil to many surfaces when little or r.o hate is used. Excellent coatings can be formulated in which this resin is the major constituent, if the fonculator is careful to (l) disperse the pigment properly (2) use the correct pigmen* concentration, and (5) control the re activity of the resin. UCC 030507 a * > * -a,-; BAKELITE" VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS-3 FOR COATINGS DESCRIPTION L BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 is a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin of high-uoleculsr weight. It provides the maximum in physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and abrasion resistance that can be obtained from a solution applied coating of practical solids content. BAIXLITf?*'' VYNS-3 requires essentially straight ketone solvents, and it can tol erate very high plasticiser concentrations without becoming tacky. BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 is recommended as an adhesive, ink, or topcoat for plasticized vinyl film or coated fabric. FOOD ADDITIVE STATUS BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 is cited by chemical identity in Food Additive Regulations 175.300 (1) for Resinous and Polymeric Coatings and by reference inS176.170 (2) for Components of Paper and Paperboard and infs 177.1210 (3) Components of Closures. Properties Properties of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 --------- TesT--------------Methods Required Values Appearance Size, per cent by weight through a No. 20 USDS Sieve Heating Loss, 45 minutes st 105*C., per cent by weight Poly(vinyl chloride), per cent by weight Inherent Viscosity at 30*C., 0.2 g. in cyclohexanone Solution Properties, 17? solution of resin in 70:30 MEK:Toluene Viscosity at 25*C., cps. Color:% light transmission 475 mq/GOO mq Turbidity: light transmission 600 my, per cent Residual- Vinyl Chloride Monomer, ppm. by weight Visual WC-7-F WC-160-II WC-294-B D 1243 WC-31-W WC-5K-2 WC-5K-2 WC-32C-G-1 White powder 98, minimum 0 1.5, maximum 88.5 - 90.5 0.72 - 0.75 200 - 400 80, minimum 85, minimum 1, maximum Footnote: (1) Formerly 121.2514 (2) Formerly 121.2526 (3) Formerly 121.2550 F-44632A November,1977 BAKELITE ami UNION CARDIDE ore registered trade marks ol Union Carbide Corporation, p.S.A.__________________________ __________________ lh>t isTJwmJiiJs a noi io i tats* n *a'f**tv pi ****** mm mu** *< fippft*ipiiiiy * * paimmipa rwam 16 p'kctxa any pant*g i*hOwt * (*'* ll * POlalV (or vour cO*itfOia*OM. tn#OH6*<OA,nd OM<*caliOn UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION 270 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK. N.Y, 10017 ucc 030503 -2- TEST METHODS Tests are made in accordance with current issues of the ASTM or Union Carbide (WC) testing methods designated. The former can be obtained fri>m the American Society for Testing and Materials, iliiladolphia, l`a. 19103, while the latter are available from Union Carbide Corporation upon request. LABELING All containers of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 are plainly marked with the product nomenclature, blend number, and net weight. Ship ments will be so addressed as to provide complete delivery to the purchaser. PRECAUTIONARY LABELING On the basis of the toxicological, physical, and chemical properties of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3, precautionary labeling used on the containers is a a i'ullows: TOR INDUSTRY USE ONLY SHIPPING AND STORAGE BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 is a stable material when kept in closed containers stored in a cool dry place. EMERGENCY SERVICES Tor help and emergencies such as a spill, leak, fire or exposure in volving a Union Carbide Corporation chemical or plastic, call collect day or night 304-744-3487. For any chemical emergency, call: CHEMTREC 800-424-9300. NEED other UNION CARBIDE* PRODUCTS-SERVICES? CAU NtMr* Vwk CfBtIPHlJNiSM 5/bJ IJ1JI4S4 70?? 1000 F-4MG32A 11/77 - MM Printed in U.S.A. 7M. i'Bfn^i*-- ' 'J BAKELITE* VINYL SOLLITION RESIN VYNS-3 FOR COATINGS DESCRIPTION w_- 2-*.--> 1*. V> ; 1^3^,-" BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 is a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin of high-molecular weight. It provides the maximum in physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and abrasion resistance that can be obtained from a solution applied coating of practical solids content. BAKELITE" VYNS-3 requires essentially straight ketone solvents, and it can tolerate very high plasticizer concentrations without becoming tacky. BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 is recoimnended as an adhesive, ink, or topcoat for plasticized vinyl film or coated fabric. FOOD ADDITIVE STATUS BAKELTTE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 is cited by chemical identity in Food Additive Regulations 5 175.300 (formerly 6 121.2514) for Resinous and Polymeric Coatings and by reference in S 176.170 (formerly I 121.2526) for Components of Paper and Paperboard and in fi 177.1210 (formerly S 121.2550) for Components of Closures. Properties of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 Property Appearance Size, X by weight through a No. 20 USBS Sieve Heating Loss, 45 minutes at 105*C., Z by weight Polyvinyl Chloride, Z by weight Solution Properties, 17X solution of resin In 70:30 MEK:Toluene Viscosity at 25*C., cps. (Pa's) Color, Z light transmission at 475 mii/600 m4 Turbidity, light transmission at 600 mi\, Z Residual Vinyl Chloride Monomer, by weight Test Methods Visual WC-7-F WC-160-H WC-294-B WC-31-W WC-5K-2 WC-5K-2 VC-326-G-1 Required Values White powder 98, minimum 2.0, maximum 88.5 - 90.5 200 - 400 (0.200 - 0.400) 80, minimum 85, minimum Less than 1 ppm. F-44632B BAKELITE and UNION CARBIDE ore registered trade marks of Union Carbide Corporation, U.S.A.__________ . fTflOhAu UinlfiogrnmtaotipotnacHiitn*oatntyo pba*lttHabieoini matyaarwitiaOrfrtawntityhoorutraaiirIa'itterMnSaiiiot nfQorttawrfaciocftcowte*iyitttovrayoou*0r0*(1onratrutnaoranntoWn,'vm*nort>aotaoto9*mft.ianv>Jovnaonrficraacunnmn 030510 UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION . 270 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, N,Y. 10017 ..rgei -2 TEST METHODS Designated tests ere made in accordance with current issues of Union Carbide (WC) testing methods. They are available from Union Carbide ' Corporation upon request. LABELING All containers of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 are plainly marked vith the product nomenclature, blend number, and net weight. Shipments will be so addressed as to provide complete delivery to the purchaser. rRECAUTIOKARj LABELING On the basis of the toxicological, physical, and chemical properties of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3, precautionary labeling used on the containers is as follows: FOR INDUSTRY USE ONLY TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 is a powdered resin which is essen tially inert and non-toxic. Its dust is classed as a nuisance dust which is not known to cause lung disease. However, it Is prudent not to exceed the recommended Threshold Limit Value for nuisance dust of 10 mg. per cubic meter of air or 30 million particles per cubic foot, whichever is the smaller. SHIPPING AND STORAGE BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS-3 is a stable material when kept In closed containers stored in a cool dry place. EMERGENCY SERVICE For help and emergencies such as a spill, leak, fire or exposure involving a Union Carbide Corporation chemical or plastic, call collect day or night: 304-744-3487 For any chemical emergency, call: CHEMTREC 800-424-9300 O F-44832B 9/7B - 4M - OTHER UNION CARBIDE PRODUCTS--SERVICES? CAit TN V*k . C. lT. MUTMiHl Ml Cmw .. U11I4&4 7D7} HMW IIIJIHIIOOO iwiiukii ... urn<>>>;< ucc 030511 Trintcd in U.S.A. BAKELITEVINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS FOR COATINGS DESCRIPTION MMUiM BAKELITE VYNS is a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin of highmolecular weight. It provides the maximum in physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and abrasion resistance that can be obtained from a solution applied coating of practical solids content. BAKELITE VYNS requires essentially straight ketone solvents, and it can tolerate very high plasticizer concentrations without becoming tacky. BAKELITE VYNS resin is recommended as an adhesive. Ink, or topcoat for plasticized vinyl film or coated fabric. FOOD ADDITIVE STATUS BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS is cited by chemical identity in Food Additive Regulations 5121.2514 for Resinous and Polymeric Coatings and by reference in 9 121.2526 for Components of Paper and Paperboard and in $ 121.2550 for Components of Closures. Properties of BAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS Properties Testing Methods Required Values Appearance Size, per cent by weight through a No. 20 USBS Sieve Heating Loss, 45 minutes at 105*C., per cent by weight Poly(vinyl chloride), per cent by weight Inherent Viscosity at 30*C., 0.2 g. in cyclohexanone Solution Properties, 17% solution of resin in 70:30 MEK:Toluene Viscosity at 25*C., cps. Color:*% light transmission 475 im^OOO mi\ Turbidity: light transmission 600 mu. per cent Visual WC-7-F WC-160-H WC-294-B D 1243 WC-31-W WC-SK-2 WC-5K-2 White powder 98, minimum 1.5, maximum 88.5 - 90.5 0.72 - 0.75 200 - 400 80, minimum 85. minimum Novenber, 1973 F-44G32 BAKELITE~aud UNION CARBIDE are registered trade marks of Union Carbide Corporation, U.S.A. ________________________________________ yQC 030512 It", Wif.imi.l'fin i, "11 to b. Itk.n ,, , wci.nly w iF|i>.,nl,1iBn lei -h.cl. we Hum l.(.l r.ipon.lbillty no. ,, er menganon m p*ciic< ust*nied invention *>lhnut e luenv* It it ottered solely tor your con*.dereitOn. investigation and vgii*tU0h, UNION CMIlllDE COlirONAI ION ?70 PARK AVENUE. N f V/ VO R K, N, Y. 1001 7 TEST METHODS Tests are made In accordance with current issues of the ASTM or UNION CARBIDE (V'C) testing methods designated. The former can be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, fhiladelphia, Pa., while the latter are available from Union Carbide Corporation upon request. LABELING All containers of BAXELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS are plainly marked with the product nomenclature, blend number, and net weight. Shipments will be so addressed as to provide complete delivery to the purchaser. SHIPPING AND STORAGE BAXELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS is a stable material when kept in closed containers stored in a cool dry place. * {PRECAUTIONARY LABELING ' On the basis of the toxicological, physical, and chemical properties of fcAKELITE Vinyl Solution Resin VYNS, precautionary labeling used on the {containers is as follows: TOR INDUSTRY USE ONLY O O F-44632 11/73-4M Printed in U.S.A. o uco 030513 COATINGS MATERIALS BAKELITE VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS PRODUCT INFORMATION BAKELITE' VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS BAKELITE Vinyl Renin VYNS is s versatile vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate co polymer solution resin. As a class, BAKELITE vinyl chloride-acetate copoly mers for surface coatings are permanently thermoplastic, neutral, non-oxidizing, and non-heat-reactive. They are characterized by absence of color, odor, and taste. Films of these resins are not attacked at normal temperatures by alkalies, min eral acids, alcohols, greases, oils, or aliphatic hydrocarbons. Coatings based on BAKELITE vinyl chloride-acetate resins have low water vapor permeability, low water absorption, and excellent tough ness and flexibility. These copolymers are designed to dissolve in organic liquids such as ketones, certain esters, and chlorinated hyorocarbons. They form a protective tiim by evaporation alone. Properly formulated coatings based on BAKELITE vinyl chloride-acetate resins can be applied by spraying, roller-coating, dipping, and knife-coating. This data sheet presents only those properties and performance values specific to resin VYNS-based solution coatings. A more comprehensive description and dis cussion of vinyl solution coatings prepara tion, formulation, baking and fusing, and other end-use applications is presented in the special booklet, "BAKELITE Vinyl Resins for Solution Coatings" (J-2178C). | PROPERTIES | BAKELITE Vinyl Resin VYNS has a medium-high molecular weight and a chemical composition of approximately 90 per*cent vir.yl chloride and 10 per cent vinyl acetate. These properties have been found to give a high degree of chemical resistance, film strength, and thermo plasticity. Vinyl Resin VYNS, supplied as a dry white powder, is usually dissolved in relatively strong solvents, such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, to produce resin solutions of 12 to 18 per cent solids. Pigments, plasticizers, and heat and light stabilizers can be used in a formulation to obtain the required end- F-42270 (replace, J-230U) BAKELITE. FLLXOL. d UNION CARBIDE tit (centered trade mark, of Uoioo Carbide Cerpotaiioa. ThU Information s not to be* taken is warranty or representation for which we assume legal responsibility nor as permission ty reCOfrv menoation to practice any patented invention without a license, it i ottered solely lor your consideration, investigation and verification. ucc 030514 UNION CARDIDE CORPORATION * COATINGS MATERIALS 270 PARK AVENUE. NEW YORK. N. Y 10017 BAKELITE VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS PROPERTIES (Continued) use properties. Coatings based on Vinyl Resin VYNS are rarely used over bare metal surfaces because of the high baking temperatures required to achieve good adhesion; over primed surfaces, the tem perature need only be high enough to drive out residual solvents (about 250F.); over rough surfaces the mechanical ad hesion developed m3y be sufficient with out baking. Overlacquers for vinyl film and sheeting, strippablc and cobweb type coatings for protecting finished prod ucts during storage and shipment, high chemical and moisture resistant coat ings, and architectural finishes over primed masonry, wood, and steel are among the principal applications for finishes based on BAKELITE Vinyl Resin VYNS. Table 1 gives convenient starting points for the formulations based on IS parts by weight of Vinyl Resin VYNS. A partial list of suitable pigments, stabilizers, and plasticizers are presented in Tables 2, 3, and 4. A more complete list of pigments and dyes suitable for use with vinyl solu tion resins is presented in the general booklet. TABLE 1 TYPICAL VYNS FORMULATIONS Overloequer Parti by Weight BAKELITE Vinyl Retin VYNS............................................................................................ Methyl Methocrylote Retin..................................................................................................... Cellulose Aeetote-Butyrote Retinal ........................................................................... Methyl Itobutyl Ketone (MIBK)............................................................................................ Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)................................................................................................... 50 to 750) 25 to 50 2 to 4 6013) 400) ()} Teughni>, flexibility, end adhetien ere improved pt the vinyl content of the formula it increoxed. ( May be emitted if ivrfoc* flip or ont t-Mocking cKorocltrittici or# not roqvirod Or moy feo roplocod with omorphou* ttiico pol for Jow pJois OvorJotpuor. O) A* roqvirod for opplicotion v*co*ity or ftolid* contont. i too UJU 7 BAKELITE VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS TABLE 1 TYPICAL VYNS FORMULATIONS (Continued) Strippoblt Cooling Perl* by Weight BAKELITE Vinyl Rotin VYNS............................................................................................. BAKELITE Vinyl Resin VYMH............................................................................................. Plasticizer.................................................................................................................................... Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK).................................................................................................... Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK)............................................................................................. Toluene........................................................................................................................................... W 5 4 27 27 27 Cocoon CootingH) Porte by Weight BAKELITE Vinyl Retin VYNS............................................................................................. Aluminum Powder....................................................................................................................... Plasticizer..................................................................................................................................... Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK).................................................................................................... 16 6 '8 70 I'l Fer bridging large arcs* (18"* 18"), replace 2 part* ofVYNSwith high ewleculer weight pelyvinylidene chloride re*in- Specific formulations of vinyl solu tion coatings sill depend on the actual application methods used and the end properties sought. A number of starting point formulations for many types of vinyl coatings are available through your Union Carbide Coatings and Adhesives technical representative. PIGMENTS The amounts of pigments suggested in Table 2 are based on the quantity of each pigment that is necessary to provide good hiding and adequate ultra-violet light protection for the vinyl resin. CJ ;10C 3 BAKELITE VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS TABLE 2 SUITABLE PIGMENTS FOR USE IN VYNS SOLUTIONS FORMULATIONS Pigmant Part* par 15 ports VYNS resin by weight Aluminum Powder.............. ............................................................................................... Titanium Dioxide........................................................................................................................ Titanium Dioxide/Antimony Oxide (9:1).......................................................................... Titanium Dioxide/Zinc Oxide/Antimony Oxide (3:2:1)...................................... Phlhaloeyanine Green................................................................................................................ PHtkoloeyonine Blue................................................................................................................ Chromic Oxide Green............................................................................................................... Carbon Biocx................................................................................................................................. Blue Lead Sulfate ................................................................................................................. White Lead Sulfate ......................................................................................................... Red Leod.............................................................................................................................. Iron Oxide Yellow (synthetic)*.............................................................................................. Iran Oxide Red (synthetic)*..................................................................................................... Iron Oxide Brown (synthetic)*................................................................................................ Iron Oxide Bloch (synthetic)*................................................................................................ Lead Chromate..................................................................................................................... Strontium Chromate.................................................................................................................... Cadmium Reds............................................................................................................................. Chrome Orange..................................................................................................................... Cadmium Yellow......................................................................................................................... 6 to 6 10to 1,8 10to 18 10 to 18 2to 4 2to 4 10to15 1 15to25 15 to 25 20 to 25 8to15 8to15 8to15 8to15 15 fa 25 15to20 15to20 15 to 20 15to20 * Natural iron oxides ero seldom satisfactory. '1 STABILIZERS In general, stabilizers are not neces sary with Vinyl Resin VYNS in pigmented coatings. Clear coatings, even with stabilizers, are not generally suitable for exterior exposure. If stabilizers are de sired, the amount and type are dependent on the plasticizer and pigments and the conditions of baking and exposure. Table 3 lists some o:' the commercially available stabilizers for use with Vinyl Resin VYNS, along with the supplier of each stabilizer. In all cases, careful attention must be paid to the proper choice of stabilizers, and they should be tested under the actual conditions of use. Recommendations of stabilizer suppliers may be useful. Zinc stabilizers should be avoided; they cause extreme color development in relatively short periods of time, especially in low plasticizer systems. uec 4 03051 BAKELITE* VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS TABLE 3 SEVERAL COMMERCIAL STABILIZERS FOR USE WITH VYNS Stabilizer Typ. Supplier "Advonce" 17 M BAKELITE Epoxy Rzin ERL-2774 BAKELITE Epoxy Rasin ERL-422) "Ferro" 1720 "Mark" LL "Mark" KCB "Nuodex" V-134 Tin Epoxy Epoxy Bo-Cd-Zn Chelator Bo-Cd Bo-Cd-Zn Bo-Cd-P Advene* Chemical and Solvent Co. Union Carbide Corporation Union Carbide Corporation Ferro Chemical Company Argot Chemical Company Argut Chemical Company Noodex Division of Tenneco Plasticizers are in coatings of BAKELITE vinyl resins to obtain in creased flexibility. Because of the high molecular weight and vinyl chloride con cent, Vinyl Resin VYNS will tolerate up to 40 per cent plasticizer content without becoming tacky. As a guide to the selec tion of the proper plasticizer, Table 4 gives the compatibilities of Vinyl Resin VYNS with a number of commercially available plasticizers. SOLUBILITIES BAKELITE vinyl solution resins such as VYNS can be dissolved at room tem perature by such solvents as ketones, nitro compounds, and certain esters and chlo rinated hydrocarbons. Ether-esters, polyethers, and certain other types of solvents have varying degrees of solvent action on these resins. Aromatic or coal-tar hydro carbons, such as toluene and xylene, tend to swell the resin. Water, alcohols, and aliphatic hydro.-arbons (petroleum naph thas) are strong precipitants. The hydro genated naphthas, containing large-pro- portions of aromatics, are grouped between the last two classes. Generally, Vinyl Resin VYNS is used in ketone solutions with little or no aromatic hydrocarbon dil uent present, because of the lower order of tolerance for hydrocarbons as compared to VYHH. Typical solubility curves for VYNS appear in Figure 1. A thorough discussion of solvents and solution characteristics of BAKELITE vinyl solution resins are given in the general booklet (J-2178). S ucc 030518 BAKELITE VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS TABLE 4 COMPATIBILITY OF BAKELITE*1 VINYL RESIN VYNS WITH COMMERCIAL PLASTICIZERS Compatibility Dote * Weight Ratio of Vinyl Resin VYNS to Plasticiser Compound Designation 9 to 1 Acetyl Tributyl Citrate......................................................................... . Acetyl Triethyl Citrate......................................................................... . 1242`Araclar'' Chlorinated Diphenyld)...................................... . "Aroclor" '254 Chlorinated DiphenylM)..................................... . Butyl Acetyl Ricinoleote...................................................................... . Dicopryl PHtholote....................................... Di-n-oetyl Phtholote..................................... Dioctyl Sebocote............................................ FLEXOL Plostieizer DOP(i)................. FLEXOL Plostieizer DIOP(3>................... FLEXOL Plostieizer EPO(3)................. FLEXOL Plostieizer TOF(3)................... FLEXOL Plasticizer PEP131................. FLEXOL Plostieizer EP-8(J)................. FLEXOL Plostieizer 426t3*................... FLEXOL Plostieizer 810^23 ................. FLEXOL Plasticizer Z-88(!)................. `TCP-23" Butoxyglycol Stearate*3' .... *TCP-45" Diglycol Dipropionote*3' ... "Kroniiol" Butoxyglycol Phtholote*3' . "Plotolein" 9720,4>................................. "Sontieizer" 8<>>........................................ "Sontieizer" -15(0................................. "Sontieizer" B-16(0................................. "Sontieizer" 141(0.................................... Sontieizer" 160(0................................... Tributyl Citrate............................................. Tributyl Phosphate...................................... Ttieresyl Phosphate................................... Triphenyl Fhosphote................................... C C C C C C c c c c c c c c c c c SI c c c c c c c c c c c c 4 to 1 c c c c 1 c c c c c c c c c c c c I c c 'C c c c c c c c c c 2 to 1 C c c c 1 c c c c c c c c c c c c I C c c c c c c c c c c c 1 to 1 c. c c w 1 c c c c c c c c c c c c I c c c c c c c c c c c c * Compatibility dote ere based an operator's inspection el films deposited on gloss plotes alter evoporotion el solvents. Results wore interpreted os follows: C -- Completely eompotible; lilm clear SI -- Slightly incompatible; feint hose or blush in film I -- Incompatible; film badly blushedi inhomogeneous, or oily List of Plasticiser Suppliers: (1) Monsanto Company (2) Union Carbide Corporation (3) Food Machinery and Chemical Corp. (d) Emery Industries, Inc. J I ucc 030519 B R O O K FIE LD VISCOSITY, ep, t 20 rpm, o t 77F BAKELITE VINYL SOLUTION RESIN VYNS FIGURE 1 SOLUBILITY OF VINYL RESIN VYNS IN MEK AND MIBK uoo 7 030320 THE DISCOVERY COMPANY UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION COATINGS AND ADHESIVES MATERIALS 270 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017 Atlanta, Ga. 30309 ................1371 Peachtree St., N.E....................... 404 892-7500 Baltimore, Md. 21207 .. Beltway Bldg., 6707 Whitestone Rd. 301-944-8211 Boston, Mess. 02194 ..........300 First Ave., Needham Hgts................ 617*444-5400 Buffalo. N. Y. 14225 ........ 3343 Harlem Rd.................................... 716-837-6450 Charlotte. N. C. 28210 6230 Fairview Rd. 704-364-1400 Chicago, III. 60606 ........ 120 South Riverside Plaza .312-822-7000 Cincinnati, Ohio 45227 . West St. and Madisonville Rd. .513-272-0206 Cleveland, Ohio 44114 .. . 1300 Lakeside Ave.. N.E. 216-621-4202 Daiias, Texas 75207 2710 Stemmons t-reeway 214-631-0010 Detroit, Mich. 48221 ... .. 10421 West Seven Mile Rd. 313-341-3131 Hartford, Conn. 06103 .410 Asylum St. . 203-525-9345 Houston, Texas 77027 3839 West Alabama Ave. 713-621-1000 Indianapolis, Ind. 46220 . 720 Broad Ripple Ave. 317-255-3181 Kansas City, Mo. 64141 910 Baltimore Ave............... 816-221-2400 Los Angeles. Calif. 90058 . . .2770 Leonis Blvd. . . .213-583-3061 Memphis, Tenn. 38116 .. . .3385 Airways Blvd. 901-396-5375 Minneapolis, Minn. 55416 . 3033 Excelsior Blvd. 612-927-4221 Newark Office Clifton, N. J. 07012 ..........935 Allwood Rd............................. .201-778-2900 New York, N.Y, 10017 ..........270 Park Ave.............................. 212-551-4641 Philadelphia; Delaware Valley Office ...................................... .215-923-3200 Moorestown, N. J. 08057 . Route 36 and Pleasant Valley Rd. 609-235-6200 Pittsburgh, Pa. 15220 ........, Pkway Center, 875 Greentree Rd. 412-922-5700 St. Louis, Mo. 63105 ............10 South Brentwood Blvd.............. 314-726-0324 San Francisco, Calif. 94106 .. 22 Battery St............................. 415-982-1360 Seattle, Wash. 98118 . 4726 Rainier Ave., South 206-723-8660 CANADA: UNION CARBIDE CANADA LIMITED Amherst, Nova Scotia P.O. Box 579 .................................. Calgary, Alberta....................640 12th Avenue S.W........................ Lachine, P.Q.......................... 2525 Jean Baptiste Deschamps Blvd. North Surrey, B.C.................... 13221 76th Avenue....................... Toronto 12, Ontario..............123 Eglinton Ave., East................... Vancouver, B.C. ..................1175 Grant Street . , .......... Winnipeg, Manitoba ... Waverly St. & Seel Avenue .. 902-667-7241 403-263-8563 514-636-4640 .604-596-6257 416-487-1311 604-255-4631 204-453-5221 , LATIN AMERICA: UNION CARBIDE INTER-AM ERICA, INC. New York, N.Y. 10017, U.SA 270 Park Avenue................................212-551-2345 WORLDWIDE: INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT, CHEMICALS AND PLASTICS, UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION New York, N.Y. 10017, U.SA 270 Park Avenue................................212-551-2345 CnI 1D6.&.ICM J.2301A) ucc 0305 Printed in U 5 A 7 , .V>^w^r,,TV yi 4W' r.fjr* w, m '>*,* A*WyN-J*.f ni BAKEUTE* UKIVL SLI3TEk3 BES1A WHS BaKKIJTK vinyl resin VYNS in one of u class of versatile vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate coixilymers solution resins available from t'nion Carbide Plasties Company. Am n elm**. BakkUTG vinyl chloride-acetate mixilynirrs for gurfuic coatings are permanently thermoplastic, neutral, non-oxidizing, and non-heat-reactive. They are characterized by absence of color, odor and taste. Films of these resins are not attacked at normal temi*erutures by alkalies, mineral acids, ulrohuls, greases, oils, or aliphatic hydrocarbons. Coatings baaed on KaKGEITE vinyl chloride-acetate resins have low water vajior per meability. low water absorption, and exrellent toughness and flexibility. These copolymers are designed to dissolve in organic liquids such ns ketones, certain esters, amt chlorinated hydrantrlx>n* and form a protective film by evaporation alone. Properly formulated coatings bused on Bakeute vinyl chloride-acetate resins can be applied by spraying, toller-coating, dipping, and knife-coating. This data sheet presents only those pro|H-rtics and perfonnanee values specific to resin VYNS-hased solution euatimt*. A more eomprehensive description and discus sion of vinyl solution routines preparation, forTnnlatinn. baking and fusion, and other end-use applieations is presented in Union Carbide Plasties Company's special booklet. "HakeuTE1* Vinyl Resins for Solution Coat ings." PROPERTIES . HakGUtk vinyl resin VYNS has a medium-high mole cular weinlo ami u rhemieai eoni|Hisition of approxi mately !*0 per rent vinyl ehloritle and Ml per cent vinyl ceute. Them' |iro|erties have lieen found to give a high degree of ehemicul resistance, film strength, and thermoplnsticity. Vinyl resin VYNS, supplied as a dry white istudor. is usually dissolved in relatively strong solvents sorb as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone to pro duce 12'; to 16'; solids resin solutions. Pigments, plasticisers, nnd heat and light stabilisers can tie used in a formulation to obtain the required end-use prop erties. Coatings based on vinyl resin VYNS are rarely used over bare metal surfaces because of the high baking temperatures required to urhieve good adhesion: over primed surfaces, the temperature need only lie high enough to drive out residual solvents (about 2*d> F i: over rough surfaces the mechanical adhesion devclo|-d may be suflicient without baking. Overlncqucrs for vinyl film and sheeting, atrippable and cobweb type coatings for protecting finished prod ucts during storage and shipment, high chemical and moisture resistant coatings, nnd architectural finishes over primed masonry, wood, and Steel are among the principal applications for finishes based on IUkeeitk vinyl resin VYNS. FORMULATIONS A complete discussion of formulation techniques for producing both clear and pigmented vinyl solution enatings are presented in the general booklet, "HakeUTE* Vinyl Rcsinx fur Solution Coatings." Table I gives a convenient starting point fur the formulation of a clear ovcrlaeqtHT based on vinyl resin VYNS. All suggested <|iiantities are basts) on l.r> parts by weight of vinyl resin VYNS. A partial list of suitable pigments, stabilisers, and plasticizers are presented in irs,,- RAKia.m:. Fii.xoi. unit Umov rAgsiis. arr registered trade marks of Union Curhide Corporation uoc 030522 Tubb-s 2,2. and 4. A more complete lint of pigments nnd dye* suitable for use with vinyl solution resin* in pre sented in thy general booklet. TABLE 1 Typical Formulation lor a VYNS Ovortacquar Bart* by Weight B*ztirrz vinyl min VYNS Methyl methacrylate min........................... Methyl itobutyl ketone Methyl ethyl ketone ....................................... 15 3-5 30 50 posure. If stabilisers are desired, the amount and ty|ie are dependent on the plasticizer and pigments ami the conditions of linking and exposure. Table 3 lists some of the commercially available stabilizers for use w-ith vinyl renin VYNS, alung with the supplier uf each stabilize^. In all cases careful attention must be paid to the proper choice of stabilizers, nnd they should lie tested under the actual conditions of use. Recommendations of stabilizer suppliers should generally lie followed. Zinc stabilizers should be avoided due to extreme color development in rebitively short periisls of time, es pecially in low plnntirizcr systems. ( S|tvcific formulutiun* of vinyl solution continy* will depend on the actual application method* uteri nnd the end properties nought. A number of starting point formulation* for i..ur.y t/|es of vinyl coatings are avail able through your Union Carbide Plastic* Com|>nny technical representative. PIGMENTS The amounts of pigments suggested in Table 2 are based on the quantity of each pigment that is necessary to ensure good hiding and adequate ultra-violet light protection for the vinyl resin. TABU 2 BuHsble Pigments lor Utt in VYNS Solutions Formulation* Pigment Parts per IS parts VYNS min by weight Aluminum powder . ,.................... Titanium dioxide . Titanium dioxide.'sntiniony oxide (9:1) . ... Titanium dioxidezmc oxide 'antimony Oxide (3:2:1)................................................... Phthalocyonine green ...................... FMhalocyanine blue .............. ........... Chromic oxide green . Carbon black .................... Blue Iced sulphite . . ............................. White lead sulphite . . .. ................ Red lead............................................................. Iron oiide yellow (synthetic)* Iron oxide red (synthetic)* Iron oxide brown (synthetic)* .. ........... Iron oxide black (synthetic)* . . Lead chromate................................................... Strontium chromate ............................... Cedmium reds .. Chrome orange.................................................. Cadmium yellow................................................ 5-8 1018 1018 1018 2-4 2-4 10-15 1 15 25 15-25 20-25 8 15 8 15 815 815 15 25 15 20 16-20 15 20 15 20 Nxmrsi iron axi*t si* ulawn Mhtlocintr STABILIZERS In general, stahilizi-r* are nut necessary with resin VT Nh in pigmented dialings. Clear dialings, even u ith Stabilizers are tint generally suitable fur exlerinr ex TABU 3 Several Commercial Stabilizers tor Uss With VYNS Stabilizer Supplier "Advance" 17 M . , Advance Chemical and Solvent Co "Mark" LL and KCB . Argua Chemical Company "Ferio" 1720 .... . Ferro Chemical Company "Harshaw" 6-V-6 .... Harshaw Chemical Company "Nuodax" V-134..............Nuodax Chemical Company PLASTICIZERS It is usually desirable to include certain portions of plasticizers in coatings of BaKeljtk vinyl rosins in order to obtnin increased flexibility. Hccausc of the high molecular weight and vinyl chloride content, resin VYNS will tolerate up to 40 per cent plasticizer content without becoming tacky. As a guide to the selection of the pro|>er plasticizer. Table 4 gives the compatibilities of rosin VYNS with a number of commercially available plasticizers. TABU 4 Compatibility of BAKELITE Vinyl Reiln VYNS with Commercial Ptaitklzers Compatibility Data* Weight Ratio of Retin VYNS to Piaaticizcr Compound Dviznation a 4:1 2:1 1:1 Acetyl tributyl citrate cccC Acetyl triethyl citrate cccC "Aroclor" 1242 chlorinated diphenyl (1) c c c C "Aroclor" 1254 chlorinated diphenyl (1) c c c c Butyl acetate ricinoleate ................ c 1C 1C 1C Butyl phthalate...................................... c c c c Butyl aebacatc ... ................ c c c c Butyl staarate.......................................... Butyl tartrate.......................................... 1C 1C 1C 1C cccc Dicapryl phthalate ......................... c c c c Diisoclyl phthalate................................. c c c c Di n-octyl phthalate............................... c c c c Dioctyl aebacate ............................... c c c c Ethylhexyl phthalate . cccc Ethyl phthalate................................. fmin plnMicirsr OOP (?) cccc cccc Flixol plasticizer EPO (!) cc cc jKJ ucc 030 j TABLE 4 (continued) Compatibility ol BAKELITE Vinyl Resin WNS with Commercial Plasticizers Compatibility Data* Weight Ratio ol Ream WNS to plaaticizer Compound Dealtnation t;l 4:1 2:1 1:1 fuioi plasticizer JPO (2) ........... Fusql plaaticuer TOF (2) ...... Fitiot plaaticuer PEP (2).................... Fat toe plasticizer EP-8 (2).................... Fliiol plaaticuer 4G0 (2) .................. Fuaot plaaticizer 426 (2) ............... Knot plaaticuer 810 (2) ................. Fusoi plaaticizer Z 88 (2) ............. "KP 23" butoayglyeol atearate (3) "KP-aS" dic'ycol dipiupiunaie (3) "Kroniaol" butosyglycol phthalate (3) Methyl phthalate . Phenyl phthalate . "Plaatolein" 9720 (4) "Santicizer" 8 (1) ........................ "Santieuer" C IS Cl) "Senticizer" 6 16 (1) "Santieuer" 141 (1) "Santicizer" 160 (1) ...................... Tributyl citrate ... Tributyl acetylcitrate Tnbutyt phoaphate .............. Tncreayl phoapnate Tii 2 ethyiheyi phoaphate.................... Tnphcnyl phoaphate........................ CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC C CCC cccc SIC 1C 1C tc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cc.cc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc Ltat of Plaaticizer Suppliera (1) Monaanto Chemical Company (2) Union Carbide Chcrmeeia Company (3) Food Machinery and Chemical Corp. (4; Emery Industries, Inc. NOTI DlU Kv#n *n ^ii Ubl* * b*id On lasts tontfuctttf vn ptitud of (win by Union Cubntt CorpordiiOPi m its Uboiaienti I teiiib CM'i>ton, Wevi Virgmit on eomiMfrcui compounds purrhjstd in Ihi open marktl or submitted by |ry pfoi1 has bein to prutnt only occuriM*. impirtnl ntotmiimn di i guide to turf*cf cutting tormutelort; but >pdcitic ionditarns end lermuU moOihfiituus m*y iNtet the chicl*fi*tict of thr vertous compounds m certtm instances. Under no (ircumtuncn ore the dote in thu tobl* to be con ttruud at a reflection on the grade. Quality or pvnly of any of he compounds listed in all coses formuUtort are urged to mpVr fhi pwn tests, following their mdivdwai proceduiet, and to dr*w their own conclusions `Cuntpefihtfiry d#te ore based on operator's tospetlroo of film* de put'ted Mt glass pi.Ttts ohei evaporation of sotvents Results wora uherpreien as follows C-*Crttnpi*if compatibility. him clear btC--fcittfhUy uiLompitiMi. fami her# pr blush in him tCh*C4*mpauble, film badly bioshed. Miom.gpneeut. pr eiiy SOLUBILITIES IJakkutk vinyl notation renin* auch in* VYNS can be dissolved at mum temperature by auch solvents as ketones, nitro rompouml*, anti certain extern and chlori nated hydrocarbon*. Keto-clhrrx, ether-entcra, polycthem, aldehyde*, and certain other ty|K-* of aolvcnts ; have varying degree* of aolvent action on them1 2re3tina. Aromatic or coal-tar hydrocarbons, auch as toluene and xylene, tend to awell the resih. Water, alcohol*, and ; aliphatic hydrocarlnm* (petroleum naphthu*) areatrong precipitanU. The hydrogenated naphthas, containing birge proportion* of nmmnticii, are grou|ied between the lust two ciuaacM. Generally, main VYNS ia used in ketone solution with little or no aromatic hydrocarbon diluent present, due to the lower order of tolerance for hydro carbon* a* compared to reain VYH1I. Typical solubility curve* for reain VYKS appear in Figure I. A thorough di*euH*ion of aolvent* and solution cnaracteriMtic* of IIakkutk vinyl solution resin* are given in the general tnnrklet. SOLUBILITt OF VINYL NCSIN WNS In MCK t*4 MlbK - rteuRc i - RKPrurscT ucc 030524 Boon <3 SALES OFFICES Atlanta 1, Georgia _____ 57 fanyth Sttaat. .. . . Jeckton 3-2569 Batten 04, Mettathvtetti - . ..300 First Ava.. Needham Haight* Hillcrect 4-54Ou Chicoge 1, lllineit 2)0 Narth Michigan Avenue - Nnancial 6-3300 Cincinnati 4, Ohia .3330 Victory Parkway------ . _ .Unlverclty 1-3035. 34. 37, 31 CUvtlond 14, Ohia . . 1300 lakotida Avenue, N. E. . Main 1-4202 Clifton, Mow Jertey -............_____ 1051 Bloomfield Avenue Protean B-2900 at Oxford 5-1645 IN. Y. ei. no.) Dallat 4, Tam -----------_____ 6300 N. Control Ecprottwoy Imenan 3-1691 Oatiait 21, Michigan .10421 W. Scran Mila Rood . Diamond 1-3131 Greencbere, Narth Carolina Room 114, Cvilfard Building Broadway 4-7696 Hartfard J, Connactlcul . . 410 Aiylum Strait Jockton 5-3185 Kama* City 41, Mictaurl . . , .'910912 Baltimore Aranuc Baltimare 1-2400 lac Angela* II, Califamis .. .........3770 Laanh Baulavord _ludlow 3-3061 Milwaukee 1, Wiuancin . .2040 Watt Witconcin Annul _.-Dhriiion 4-7050 Minaeapali* 24, Minnacate - ... 4010 Watt 45th Street . . - Walnut 7-8835 Maaractawn, N. J. ------ ... ___ Moarattawn, N. J. , . New York 17, New York .. . 270 Pork Avenue . ... ......... .. Belmont 54200 ................... .............551-2345 Raehetter II, Naw York . 3700 foil Avenue _....................... . .. ... - Ludlow 4-3910 It. Levi* 22, Miccavri 122 Narth Kirkwood Rood Varktawn 5-2440 tan Prancicca 4, California 22 Battery Street. .. Yukon 2-1340 t JJO! 09* 1 IN CANADA UNION CARBIDE CANADA IIMITED 12} Eglinton Avenue, Cod Toronto 12, Canada Outride Continental U>lltd Stole* and Canodo MASTICS DEPARTMENT UNION CARBIDE INTERNATIONAL COMPANY 270 Pnili Avenue, New York 17. N. Y., U. S. A. Cable Addieti; BAKEllTE, N*W York ucc 030525 PtJitifd * U,S A. ATTACHMENT V CHEMICAL HYGIENE FELLOWSHIP XEY TO TOXICITT TESTS Kwiber feme X--------Peroral, single dose to standard rats - 2--------Peroral, single dose to other animals 3------Oral, subacute (usually 90 days or less) 4---------------- Oral, chronic (lifetime or 2 years) 5------ --Parenteral (r,bcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intravenous, etc.) 4- --------Skin Penetra' -n, rabbits (24-hour contact under impervious sheeting) ?. .. - .. Klein jpgnetra rats (4-hour contact under impervious sheeting) 8---------Skin Penetra- , subacute (usually less Chan 90 days), 1 hour contact, 5 days per v 9------ ------- -Slcin Absorpi (quantitatl- using tagged compounds) Xo------Inhalation, . ,:le--saturat , an^r at room temperature, 20 to 25*C 11----------------- Inhalation, ' .jle--mist (a: . /0*C or selected temperature) 12-----------------Inhalation, . iiigle--fog (aerosol of 1 to 2 micron particle size) 13----~--Inhalation, . ingle--measured concentration (ppm or mg/liter) 14-----------------Inhalation, uubecute (usually 90 days or less, 6 or 7 hours per day, 5 days par week 15 -------------Metabolism, animal in vivo end in vitro on either biopsy or surgical specimens 14------ -----DOT Corrosive, 4-hr 17------ -------- -Rabbit Belly, irritation (single application, uncovered) 18----------------- Rabbit Belly, irritation (4-hour, eight applications) 19-------- -------Rabbit Belly, irritation via repeated application^3x daily for up to 3 days) 20----------------Rabbit Eyelid, irritation, to classify bland materials 21----. --Rabbit Cornea, volume and concentration to - roduce injury 22----------------Rabbit Cornea, injury from vapor 23------ ---------- Mous a Skin Painting, for carcinogenicity 24------Rabbit Ear, chloracne formation 25-------------Guinea Pig, Landsteiner (sensitization via intradermal or topical appli cation) 26----------------Human Patch Test (sensitization) 27---------------Organoleptic Tests 28----------- ----- Wear Test (.TDK), miscellaneous irritation and wound healing 29 ---------------Bacteriology, miscellaneous biochemicaltests 30--------3-Generation Reproduction end Lactation 31----------------- Teratology 32-------Mutagenicity 33----------------Derayelination 34----------------Cholinesterase and/or other Enzyme Studies 35.._^..joint Action, to detect potentiation or antidotal response 36-------- -------- Literature Reviews 37----------------Endotracheal Injection 38-------- :---Pyrolysis (identification and toxicity studies) Chemical Hygiene Fellowship Carnegle-Mollon Institute of Research Carnegie-Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 13213 ucc 030526 Product VMCH VYHH VYNS Test Report 26. 23 subject powder, 0% trace sensitivity 33 on guaze from acetone. 3% trace sensitivity 1-31-43 2-29-44 26. 33 front acetone, 6% definite papules 2-29-44 26. 54 from acetone, 9% trace 10 powder, 11 sheet, 0% trace 2-29-44 Vll Series 23, 24 _i 25 25 6, 7, 25 5, 8 ucc GGOSt" Sensitization of Human Skin, Patch Test Sheeted from Solvent Resin Subjects Sensitizations VMCH ?3 3% trace VYHH 33 6% definite VYNS 54 10% trace Report [11 [1] El] Applied as Powder Subjects Sensitizations 23 0 --10 0 Report [21 -- 13] [11 Monthly Report 2-29-44 [2J Monthly Report 12-31-43 [3] No Report 1940, 1941