Document a4NXy8bKdMGObeqp7jeYjOeGX

v L J A 0 9<? 1 f \ l: .cc-. wv'.r - <s t r- -. . i . j,, r. Irrert 2!',. 3L"i? f------ - - - - - - L i r f loti ia uss4 in tie* BsrrsfaeV-sPo cf '--# i.v.irrr.'.'.ataa, ''eit;.. i t'..a tcilVss c* tha e*. euJ-e iniRv*.- C;> p-totui-s# r '3 t>. C.-J [lc,t ncf^ii lct-J U : i: ;A tv:./.--cv. * .:$ e. .[ , t: -- ' i' - . t-f.Wif.rt, tsutir.; f.-vLir-j c:Ja t-1 ec.il r =d c -in U> . i, fo (beta* salttd fcd V;;.? cr-ss if t?%3 its life c; f.rj $ to 10 er eere jrci. la tast* eririr-il ierVal.lt' ie-r.i cade wan t. 1? /cere afo art a till psrfcrri.-.s eetiafaetcrU/ 4 vtodctitccl/ will ooo- Virus to do o. O * fcPcinsa Oeeeral WU 4 file CorporaUon, Ora*sell1( is* Jeraer* j. nxfss C(ft inUrendiate* irt the building stones, o to speak, oat of which <^r* are constructed with che-;tr;/l reactions acting ai sorter to connect one inter3o-.il ate with sn'tVr lo atAifact urine the dr* The production of inter* aediiles econaeicali/ era in a pure Xora. it the Xou.-vU.licn of the Gy* IrUusU/. Detailed <Sescri;vlons of serious lntcna?ii**-s end tlolr JMcufactur* would be a aossceatal terlc a* accut 100 irt-rECdiatss, for Ua cost part organi# ebceieals, are rcrrer.tl/ being proireni, li.Uraediates w-vufaetured at Cror-ulU art need not or-1/ to acre </** b-jt also nr/ enter into the CUBfactor* of ter/ other pr.-. eta each u explosives, perfuses, aedlclnals, flavors, retina and plastics. A Ttriet/ of chaalcal Chretiens are atlliaed in the product ion and processing of interaediatea* Briefl/ these Include* 1) Htrail-n - the inirsduetloa of the nltro group (*Dj) into aa erratic eowpound 1/ rvftt*ir ruv, --u-.`.r;'id ritrie add or t wlrtur* of filts'ic ecid e.>J .~Je r : X: -S 1/ r/ : #al oX with co.^cntrstei Vuifuric acid, to teed at i!-ls pit. t t imss usM l*rsV^rn, 2) -_? - r *.< - n - ths Ir.tru. :tion of aalno group* (fe'ltj) b/ reliction sdth iron an! t_t * , 1 caVe)/at or fc/ acuoeith aao-ala. In etrh ca*a on# of tho aJor prosU.U la anillna, an important oonatituant of certain u. 6o lead. N 3053 CITS ZTJS-'X K5. 28 2 Anr-at IS, 1&? ?} ' ' K ' * ' , t ., t J > S 'C rC , -- . * c." ( z rrrsr; <th ehlorine cr I- . i it crri v.Ui e:d kyr*sl,tc i.' : ' t1'* r;'-' salTcris v.... \ . i t' : r. Stei<3 (0 - , ___ ,?:it 52'C...,,- . , - c' er.-'~.'' rjj; . r.T'.', e'tori-.trr'.: d u i* v ...' c . : rj J ^ fj..- c* r .ff- ** tilth SCf i'.'.Si, C? ttf' ih r.' .v..: ~) .v_'s I ' t*- . . - l, . ,, Is (- V : 'td In c.l-i *-*.' it Cv--ilii oeciti-.'ii-w A&i4 tv.^_^,t la e&-* its <-i_s process. 6) C - slrrOy ecsiUvslied C4sbc*tloa etdch exy lnvolrs boriv lhg 1b sir or rx...,fVivh ciiiisir,-* efccsiciis to introduce the (0) radical* Load la ux4 ertef<lvcly at Qraseolll. 7) - the Introduction of an alkyl radical J ty sebstltetlon or eiiitioo Into aa organic Coapocnd with the aid of sulfuric acid. Load la not used 1b acted process bat later on la aad to handle protects of reaction. 8) Esterification In the praaanea of aona sulfbrle add, art da and alcohols are ccr.nTtuTTo esters such aa nitroglycerin* or nltrocallaloaa. load aqulpaont la oaod to a great extant. 9) H~-.irt!cn - ehnaleal chv-c* Irvolrlnr a lot* of oxygon or gala ef hydrogen. It Q?;clll hoaoganliod lad equipeent serves exclusively. 10) Eatr_action - a mthod by aMch aolcbla parts are separated from a substaneo. Tnis la usually aeccapllshrt by hooting In Jacketed vvsacle or by tkiim of oolls. At Gras,all! load colls are w?*d for hatting and latar condensing. Often Jackaled tnoogonlsed load vessel* are seed. 11) Condcnttilcn - Boat often a Chrr.fo tram Vcpcr to liquid State bp aoallng but ooe-i:>ja a c nasi cal reaction involving coat1nation of aolaculaa with separation of hMOgenaoes lead bonded waaola are oaad la this procoaa at Qraarelll. At Greasalli the above processes rre oaod at one tlae or another la the awufaeturj of th.lr n-vy products of ehlcS Interaedlates constitute ths aijor part. As Indlettvd, such of the equlpa-nt c.d In these processes eooslata of lead ns vostsl linir.;s (prie'.rily -.-j), heat exchar-gor colls, conveying lin,-* an. valves, prctcctjv* cov.^ri';; for ssitstor blades, piri-s, fuij ducts, k'-d r~ry other alsC'jUar.ocus arcs tj-j-lcally oncountr,-4 Kicnvvcr cor i- s /; 3 are hn.ilod, in *,& > of tho ar<rs processes concentrated sulfuric acid (r ;r? {cr ct-ct,) 1* ocl during Vivr reaction. In that case M lcf-4 is utllli ij >^rtnis.T, a/t.r the ixv.ii'.i 1s eoeplatod, tho acidified pro* duct e-nt be nii` il vd oecaslonalijr r.rutr&lUod, h.re load oqalpaufit SerTM catr'-el Vuly,  ipimuij "jsisi'SJl* mrnmm LIAf9920 mm o 0 o crsrat k u e t h no. ae -3- tagwtlS, k. c^r-'na A fn of the mery interesting l*d Installation* at th* QrteeelU forts* ct the '>enr?l Anllins 6 Flla C-~ :-alien *?!* cEesifwd In data11 recently end are decent telts, in all t? *.*3 le*i l s r `' ;-tod aiv$ RMs athcr adtwrtald to car~hrativa laboratory t;ii eatar ecc.' dpproecnlns * eletcly aa posiUla te'-'i Joiid In actual sendee toloetifij It for IweuilMicr, C-aLs. of e*X-rills cC esiisvrjetleo ft- ic.'.cr--Kiix.i auntfaswra 1* to tics e:;tsr.i t :.t c,;,::a reanlv;- j eftcr. i-w-scL. S n ats which attack IL'dnjs orcirjtriljr rerLftiat to 1 at,'-;? eartfe-Jlvs er.etl*.?.. For this reason ex- passive test* Pust be eaKasUj before final astet'i&L selection So that tha atatarial offer!ng the wet enlvereal protection ia ebetea for the job* See accooponylng drawings far construction detail* of tha equipment dooarlbod beloo. A. Reaction Veaetll lb* reaction rvea.li average IT to IS ft. io depth and 6 to 8 ft. la diaoetar. Moat of than consist of e steal shell double lined olth add-re* 1*tent brick and no lead lining. See* of tho jacketed vessels, however, are bawgeooomoIjr lead bonded with no brick lining, lead heating and cooling coils, lead coil upporu, haoe^orwcMsljr banded lead {Itstore and beaded lead vessel cover* are etillied In tho brick lirad Vessels, one of that type examined handled $ par cent eedlw blchronete plus ?0 per cent sulfuric acid at temperatures ranging tram 200 to Zu0 F. no avldeoc* of lead oorroeloo was apparent and no trouble had bam encountered tram this cause. lbs uee of lead In these vessels la particularly noteworthy lnsaauch a* the presence of even minute quantities of metallic salts would seriously effect the quality of th flnlslcd product, Lead's reaction with the corrosives handled doe* not result In the formation of ary corrosion products which sight Hinder In ary degree the success of the operation, the covers on thee# vessels which are often operated under pressures other than etaosphvrlc are constructed cf steel haaogvneously bondvd with lead fro* 1/L In. to S/l6 in. thick. Tanks are aqtiod by blowing contents through a lead pipe extending through tha top to tho bottom. * Ct1I< Each vessel not heated externally Is erptlppvd with an Internal lead besting and cooling coll constructed of Ullurlum lead pipe ? In, J.D. and 3/8 In. wall thickness. The colls hundl. JO-lb. steaa pressure for heating and cold water for cooling. They have given excellent service, th* only rvpiir* nietiiwy bslng the correction of slight sagging on *<*o of the higher temperature reaction weasels. *we.y- CESXXQit 9CUEYDI , 26 -h- August 15, 19U9 C. Cell guprort Of particular interest in thrss installations it tha design of the all-ie-nd toil Svnpsrt or.tistir; of ehercical lead cut la bera 3 ij$ In* in crors-erctloa. %*> bers !':. up tho inside ef tho t&cb t?s tin* coll la fattened to tho svprcrt ty taanj ef welded lead atrapa. Ill t-.- --irtirc bnr* convert* ct th* fca-ir-.'itr'f :.-l btse of tho tank. This asthod ns t*'-.'cVrx4 at Qraaaelli at a rtyltzu--:.* for bonded lead atoel supports. AeschiU-M to B. C. l.:4svc, pie-.t c;thla method of construction ...perslta tL-J fera boadla.t botceo coil e-. Export*) It facilitates constriction and asrer'. :yj cliEtsstco the possibility of iron coatetlnation daleVrlcj.s to dyo at; * J asaufeetua* and la easily maintained. This typo of structure la asaoijery sinco the coil cannot be teat fn the tank vail without penetrating tha acidbrick lining# D. Agitator* Agitator bladcc tutpeodod centrally from above through a stuffing box arc Med to beep tho choadoals In votlon during tha reaction. the stool bladea for this purpoeo are hcnostnoously bonded with lead 3/l in. thick. Tho shafts of the aglViaarSon the other hxvd, arc alnply covered with sheet load voided togethar# Expert.unco shewed thrt stresses set up in the shaft of tha agitator tended to rupture the lead when it was hooegeruoualy bended. Since loose lead covered shafts vrro put Into ecrrleo no trouble has baon cnooustcrod on this sooro. X. Bve Pocta Curing the re-etion of the various ehctdenls in theso vessels, oorrosivo fork.* are flvcn off. Different reactions in oach vessel result in a variety of corrosive funco which include sulfur dloAde, sulfur trlcxido, chlorine, brordne and nitrous mid;. Any one ef these gases particularly In corblnetion with the air and moisture normally pres>nt in tho system can con stitute a serious Cerrcslm prthlcr. Tho only naV-rial that bus been able to withstand successfully the corrosive rttac\ of all ef tlv-sc gasot coefclncd la lc*d. All reaction gases arc exhausted froa the individual vessels, colloctod in 10 and 12 in. dimeter lead funo exhaust dicta and carried to a 16 In. dirv-t r le*d duct fr- whence th^r pass into fur rojovl scrubber*. All of those lines which consist of eIv-Kle*l lev) with * 3/5 in. wall thickness have ben in oontlrxin-s service for abo-it 12 yesrs with llttlo or net repair* - a rsnarkable record eenflidrlnc the nature of tho corrosives. Instead ef valves, lead deeper* are uaod for by-pass arranganents. ill fu-r duct* w-re fabricated on the plant preadst* fraa ?b-lb. chemical sheet lead and are stropped to stool ehirw-ls which provide a supporting fraacwork. Horiaortal section* are strapped on tho upper halve* with storl and cover'd with load, the undersides posting on steal channels* Snallrr dlareVr lino* arc airply laid in steel channels bung froa above. wmfmrnrnmmmmmm LI A 0 9 9 2 2 o i i i i! CKEacjki. s-jurrm n o . as -5 August IS, 19ts9 r. Other l '" l Ey.lpaor.t , I*'A cL'ain llr?n *nd 1 r.*d floor drain* art Mod for handling **ta acid* and vtz`.z 6j* if . 'i'.ts, la colt instance* tcilurlH* laid piping with 1/2 in. 1* uaed, icad-llntd tliM ro Mod threagfeowt* Cza of th3 eannitier.is of dye Inters* ditt# proee*eirs* It trinitro- toluene (*T). Bccryfe c? i; c.';lo*lvc rssturo of thit Riteri^i, tbo steel arcvoAs t!c-a for crri' rit : y: trucks could constitute t da? "-rot; 9 haxxrd if the Btac^ir;er^r./v-r ;.: -lea cf lead were not Mod to ad rent';:. All of the steel frciAsi tr;...- t; 3 for hendllr^ eorrol*t acid filter prcc* ev.-o art looso-lced U-d r.t'i 6 par ent tetiaoaUl Aatt lsad* Xbe truths art 2zli ft. ca top cad 2 ft. tiaep, 5* mroatmeg 111 wifli and t *iip 1 covers which taro bowogtnsously bonded with load troa l/l In. to S/16 in. thick have boon performing ruccet,fully tinea their installation, which averago# between 5 and 10 years ago. The a awe zecl ient service bat alto been given by lead coil* end support* and bondod load agitators -- the only deviation being provided by tho latter stiich performed.bettor after tho ahafts were ahoot load covered instead of load bondod. has rfacts gvo excellent aorrtoc since their erection 1? years ago and will undoubtedly contlnjj to rctiat rjcccs fully oorrotiva fuwo attack, lb efficient namcr by which they arc supported contributed in largo noaturo to tho longevity of th.n ducts (too drivings). <a*V* acid drain linos also h*vc tervod far 1? y wi, ct well at a quantity of 1 cod-1inxl valve t and ether tseollnncou* load oquipvot. 6. corruaioa in intricate telaneo, tho innufoetore of internediatet Incorporates nrJTj eorblnationj of a variety of eerrortve cherdcalt undor a variety of con dition* of concentration, tcepercturc and agitation. Because lead is rotlttant to weny wore eorrocivet rod corbinition* of ccrrcrtve* than cry othor cocparabls cerros 1vos handling naterlal, it successfully protects nch of the process equipwent in this important Industry, All cf the lead work at Orattclli It done in a wcll-oquippod shop located on the precise* with tho exception of acne eayr construction let out to contractors, A result cf pony year#' experience with lead vqulparnt (dating back to tht day* of th^ first World "sr vhen Ocrn-an-cxdc <rc oro shut eff trvm tbs Allies) GAP engine .r* havo learned tn-t lead, properly ifpll^d and trotted with Aj # rcfpect, will ,rv rest tconoadcally, To this tnd they h*v, * reel fled honogoncout bonding whorevtr pottiblt and apply tht lead gtnarously, at least 1/U In. thick and cftontlnc* )/U in, thick. By od ptlrg tho philosophy cf spend ing a llttla rv>rt initially instead cf a lot liter en for repair*, GAT has reaped a reward cf exr.'llent aerviet frow its lead equip* nl, 9rrlc lif* fer all cf the lead Installation* <A scribed above hat ringed frw) S to 10 or wore y-art and In nwy ***;.# original oqulpruvit la still performing satisfactorily aftor nnro than 1? yi-ar* f use. The rmy rily r*f all load equipment at this plant has sere than paid for It* original Installation celts and, morwovar, has ont bt* r-plnoed at srqr tins by erqr ubBtltut* rolerinl. mmrnmmrmmmmm LI A0 9 ? 3 m u.. toni-z*.. rza. eeu"- :i cr._ U . - u:-LI Vv .. W'V. fTtr. *23 13* MMSMt -OtfTLTT '7 <&.:/ u*o mro mu wwr run run wrt? p*;. * c-v v:i:r; s> o c m. or cur u ao co<k surroar ,(Turrwe tat h J H*n (MT) I I nJLn a* etwrn* roi j j * CO two u'c: "R rc* to' co ouoi MCTNOO or (urromito HOMOOifTAl j o ' mo ir oo u*o expert im-l o ) UAO UHTO mu hfOT run u ao rwt ro* tuniwo yi_ivu rr ,i* 10. V *UJ u a o cormo rrm it *j * w* aim tntotmuwi ii-AU UAO 00*. tur*o*T I*C*rt> ma twin mc t h o o or tor*o<nw mo mr o mt *. It* OO UAO 0UCT1 (M-tO) c o w ac ceu*u A*'.-VO r*xi'c.u*j MUJC>Arxt.tw' f.O<u0l ac o aio m D caott ttcrvn or tt t v ai au c t o m vnm at cw wi> CATAcrr*. f. nu tutu. ucnoa vfun amo run t>uci torrent Of ft M.OOU Auouir. l*< 4/o LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION ivt *t u, ui. w u u c u iw o mm 01MAAA unt AMO rtM OSW CMlMlCAi KAlPA MO H