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American Water Works Association ANSI/AWWA C603-78 (Revision of AWWA C603-65) AWWA STANDARD for INSTALLATION OF ASBESTOS-CEMENT PRESSURE PIPE STKAN NATIONAL! STANDARDHP First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 27, 1964. This edition approved Jan. 28, 1978. Approved by American National Standards Institute, Inc., Apr. 10, 1978. AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235 Committee Personnel The Standards Committee on Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe that reviewed and approved this standard had the following personnel at the time of approval: R. S. Bryant, Chairman J. L. Warden, Vice-Chairman T. R. Gillen, Secretary Consumer Members S. C. Baker, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Alexandria, VA L. C. Bradley, Water Department, Fort Worth, TX P. J. Brady, Director of Utilities, Portsmouth, VA R. S. Bryant, Department of Water & Power, Los Angeles, CA F. G. Denson, Works & Operations Department, Winnepeg, Manitoba R. Graff, Water Utilities, San Diego, CA J. E. Johnson,* US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO R. A. Marchand, Water Department, Warren, OH J. L. Warden, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO (NAVFAC) (AWWA) (AWWA) (ASCE) (AWWA) (AWWA) (USBR) (AWWA) (USBR) General Interest Members G. C. Anderson, Insurance Services Office, New York, NY R. A. Barrows, C. E. Maguire, Inc., Waltham, MA V. R. Bickel, Department of Environmental Health, Albuquerque, NM S. L. Biship,* Metcalf & Eddy, Boston, MA C. L. Frick,* Insurance Services Office, New York, NY R. S. Holmgren Jr., James M. Montgomery, La Jolla, CA F. A. Obert, Metcalf & Eddy, Boston, MA J. S. Slicer, Factory Mutual Research, Norwood, MA M. R. Suchomel, Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL W. Taggart, Wright-McLaughlin Engineering, Denver, CO (ISO) (NEWWA) (APWA) (NEWWA) (ISO) (AWWA) (WPCF) (FMR) (UL) (ASCE) Producer Members A. E. Alpine, Cement Asbestos Products Co., Birmingham, AL F. T. Duffy, The Flintkote Company, Akron, OH T. R. Gillen, Johns-Manville Sales Corp., Denver, CO J. C. Jackson, Association of A/C Pipe Producers, Washington, DC A. I. Leff,* Certain-Teed Products Corp., Valley Forge, PA W. R. Seipt, Certain-Teed Products Corp., Valley Forge, PA (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AACPP) (AWWA) (AWWA) * Alternate Copyright 1978 by American Water Works Assn. Printed in US Table of Contents SEC. PAGE Foreword I History of Standard........................ v II Information RegardingUse of This Standard............................... v III Major Revisions .............................. vi Standard 1 General ................................. 1.1 Scope ................................................... 1.2 Definitions ......................................... 1.3 References ......................................... 1 1 1 2 2 Material Acceptance,Storage, and Handling ............................. 2.1 Acceptance ......................................... 2.2 Storage ............................................... 2.3 Handling............................................. 2 2 2 3 3 General and DetailedWork to be Performed............................. 3.1 Alignment and Grade ...................... 3.2 Excavation and Preparation of Trench ....................................... 3 3 3 SEC. PAGE 3.3 Laying of Pipe .................................. 3.4 Jointing of Pipe to Valves, Hydrants, and Fittings ................ 3.5 Setting of Hydrants, Valves, and Fittings................................... 3.6 Plugging of Dead Ends .................. 4 5 6 7 4 Pressure and Leakage Tests ... 4.1 General ............................. 4.2 Test Pressure ................................... 4.3 Procedure ........................................... 4.4 Allowable Leakage............................ 7 7 7 7 8 5 Backfilling ........................................ 5.1 Backfill Procedure Before Tests .. 5.2 Backfill Procedure After Tests ... 6 Disinfection...................................... Table 1 Allowable Leakage Per 100 Couplings .......................... 9 8 V O 'O 'O in Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not part of AWWA C603. I. History of Standard A new pipe material consisting of an intimate mixture of portland cement and asbestos fibers was introduced into the North American market in 1931 following several years of usage in other countries, particularly Italy. In the ensuing years this type of pipe gained popularity, and in 1949 AWWA established a committee on standard specifications for asbestoscement pipe under the chairmanship of S.M. Clarke of Greeley and Hanson, Chicago. The committee developed a standard for asbestos-cement water pipe which was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors as tentative (AWWA C400-53T) May 15, 1953. In 1958 the committee was reactivated as Com mittee 8340D on Asbestos-Cement Pipe under the chairmanship of Roy H. Ritter, Whitman, Requardt and Associates, Baltimore. The committee concluded that an in stallation guide was desirable to bring to the attention of users certain im portant requirements on the inspection, handling, installation, and field testing of asbestos-cement pressure pipe. In 1963 the committee submitted its final draft which received approval as tenta tive (AWWA C603-64T) Jan. 27, 1964. It was advanced to standard (AWWA C603-65) without revision Aug. 9, 1965. In early 1968 the committee was re activated as the Standards Committee on Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe to review and revise all AWWA stan dards on asbestos-cement pipe. The committee considered numerous recom mendations for changes resulting in this current standard that has a completely revised format and takes into account various users' bedding methods. II. Information Regarding Use of This Standard If AWWA C603 is to'be used in its published form, the engineer should prepare and include as part of the project specifications an addendum en titled, "Addendum to the Standard for Installation of Asbestos-Cement Pres sure Pipe." Since the standard in cludes the various standard materials and methods that may be used, the engineer should select the materials and methods that apply to the project and, by reference to the sections in AWWA C603, indicate in the adden dum those that are applicable or not. The engineer should include in the ad dendum information pertaining to sub ject matter referred to in certain sec tions of the standard that cannot therein be covered completely and made appli cable to all projects. The engineer may also include in the addendum informa tion that covers work and materials not included in the standard. Although installation of pipe that is laid on earth mounds is included in this standard, caution should be exercised, particularly in small sizes, to ensure (1) that proper clearance is maintained between the pipe or coupling and the trench bottom, and (2) that after pipe placement, the earth beneath the entire length of the pipe including the cou pling is properly placed beneath the pipe and is compacted to a uniform density. VI FOREWORD III. Major Revisions The major changes from the 1965 standard made in this revision are: 1. A change in the, title calling for "Installation of Asbestos-Cement Pres sure Pipe" instead of water pipe. Therefore, this standard covers both asbestos-cement distribution pipe (AWWA C400) and asbestos-cement transmission pipe (AWWA C402). 2. A major change in format so as to follow "Procedures and Style for Preparation of AWWA Standards." 3. The inclusion of notes in para graph 3.2.3, Preparation of Trench, to give further assistance in the installa tion of asbestos-cement pressure pipe. 4. A revision to the section, Pres sure and Leakage Tests, to include both asbestos-cement distribution pipe (AWWA C400) and asbestos-cement transmission pipe (AWWA C402). American Water Works Association AWWA C603-78 (Revision of AWWA C603-65) AWWA Standard tor Installation of Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe Section 1--General Sec. 1.1 Scope This standard covers the installation of water pipelines of asbestos-cement pressure pipe with fittings and appur tenances of asbestos-cement, cast iron, other materials, or combinations of any of these. For specific projects, a thor ough review of this standard is recom mended for the purpose of supplement ing it with provisions for special re quirements not included herein. These requirements should be incorporated into the contract requirements. Sec. 1.2 Definitions Under this standard, the following definitions shall apply: 1.2.1 Compacted backfill. Job-ex cavated material or other such granular bedding material that is not frozen but is free from debris, organic matter, rocks, and stones, and which, in the opinion of the engineer, is suitable for backfilling. It shall be placed in not more than 6-in. layers and compacted to not less than 90 per cent standard density as defined in ASSHTO T-99. 1.2.2 Drawings. Drawings prepared by the owner to show the location and details for the construction of the pipe line and appurtenances. 1.2.3 Supplementary specifications. Supplementary specifications prepared by the owner to define which of the alternate materials and procedures pro vided in the standard apply and to pro vide for conditions, materials, and pro cedures not covered by this standard. 1 2 INSTALLATION OF A-C PRESSURE PIPE Sec. 1.3 References This standard references the follow ing documents. They form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. AASHTO * T-99 --Standard Method oj Test for Moisture-Density Relation ship for Soils ANSI A21.ll (AWWA Clll) --American National Standard for Rubber Gasket Joints for Cast Iron and Ductile Iron Pres sure Pipe and Fittings ASTMt B29 --Specifications for Pig Lead AWWA C400 --Standard for Asbestos-Cement Distribution Pipe, 4 in. Through 16 in., for Water and Other Liquids AWWA C401 --Standard Practice for Selection of Asbestos-Cement Distribu tion Pipe, 4 in. Through 16 in. AWWA C402 --Standard for Asbestos-Cement Transmission Pipe, 18 in. Through 42 in., for Water and Other Liquids AWWA C403 --Standard Practice for the Se lection of Asbestos-Cement Transmission and Feeder Main Pipe, Sizes 18 in. Through 42 in. AWWA C601 - --Standard for Disinfecting Wa ter Mains Section 2--Material Acceptance, Storage, and Handling Sec. 2.1 Acceptance At the time of delivery all material shall be examined for defects and dam age, and any material that is defective or damaged shall be rejected and re moved from the job site. 2.1.1 Replacement of damaged pipe. Material that is supplied by the owner and is rejected at the point of delivery because of defects or damage shall be replaced by the owner. Material that is supplied by the contractor and is re jected at the point of delivery because * American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 341 National Press Building, Washington, D.C. 20045. f American Society for Testing and Ma terials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103. of defects or damage shall be replaced by the contractor. Material damaged subsequent to acceptance by the con tractor shall be replaced by the con tractor. Sec. 2.2 Storage Safe storage shall be provided for material until it has been incorporated into the completed project. The in terior of all pipe, couplings, rings, fit tings, and other accessories shall be kept free from dirt and other foreign matter at all times. Valves and hy drants shall be drained and stored in a manner that will protect them from damage by freezing. SECTION 3 3 Sec. 2.3 Handling At all times material shall be handled with care to avoid damage. Whether moved by hand, skidways, or hoists, material shall not be dropped, bumped, or allowed to impact on itself. 2.3.1 Rehandling. All materials to be supplied by the owner shall be claimed at the locations designated in the supplementary specifications and hauled to and distributed at the site. 2.3.2 Unloading at work site. In distributing the material at the work site, it shall be unloaded adjacent to or near the location where it is to be in stalled. Section 3--General and Detailed Work to be Performed Sec. 3.1 Alignment and Grade All pipe shall be laid to and main tained at the lines and grades required by the engineer. Fittings, valves, air vents, and hydrants shall be installed at the required locations with joints centered, spigots home, and valve and hydrant stems plumb. No deviation shall be made from the required line or grade without approval from the engineer or his representative. Sec. 3.2 Excavation and Preparation of Trench The trench shall be excavated to the required alignment and depth shown on the drawings, or as subsequently approved in writing by the engineer, and only so far in advance of pipelay ing as permitted by the supplementary specifications. 3.2.1 Excavation methods. When necessary to prevent caving, trench ex cavations shall be sheeted and braced or sloped in accordance with applicable laws and ordinances. When sheeting and bracing are used, the trench width shall not be less than that specified in paragraph 3.2.2. As backfill is placed and sheeting is withdrawn, it shall be withdrawn in increments of not more than 1 ft, and the void left by the with drawn sheeting shall be filled and com pacted before withdrawing the next in crement. All excavated material shall be piled in a manner that will not en danger the work or obstruct sidewalks and driveways. Gutters shall be kept clear or other provisions made for sur face drainage. 3.2.2 Trench width. The trench width shall be ample to permit the pipe to be laid and jointed properly and the backfill to be placed and compacted as specified by the engineer. Trenches shall be of such extra width, when re quired, to permit the convenient plac ing of timber supports, sheeting and bracing, and the handling of specials. 3.2.3 Trench preparation. The trench shall be prepared for the direct placement of the pipe. This includes digging coupling holes in the trench bottom or bedding, or placing properly prepared mounds as specified by the engineer. (Illustrations of the various bedding conditions are in AWWA-- C401, "Standard Practice for the Se lection of Asbestos-Cement Distribu tion Pipe, Sizes 4-in. Through 16-in.," and AWWA C403, "Standard Practice 4 INSTALLATION OF A-C PRESSURE PIPE for the Selection of Asbestos-Cement Transmission and Feeder Main Pipe, Sizes 18-in. Through 42-in.") 3.2.4 Excavation in poor soil and refilling to grade. Any part of the trench excavated below grade shall be backfilled to grade with thoroughly compacted material approved by the engineer. When an unstable subgrade condition is encountered and, in the opinion of the engineer, it cannot sup port the pipe, an additional depth shall be excavated and refilled to pipe foun dation grade with crushed stone or other suitable material as required by the engineer to achieve a satisfactory trench bottom. 3.2.5 Pipe laid on trench bottom or bedding. Before the pipe is lowered into the trench, 1. A coupling hole shall be exca vated with sufficient length, width, and depth to permit assembly and provide a minimum clearance of 2 in. below the coupling, and 2. The pipe shall be provided with continuous support between coupling holes. Note: Use of approved granular material for bedding is recommended as a preferred method of preparing the trench bottom for pipe installation. 3.2.6 Pipe laid on earth mounds. Pipe shall be laid on earth mounds of approved backfill material compacted firmly in place and of a size adequate to hold the pipe in alignment and to maintain a 2-in. minimum clearance from coupling to trench bottom. Each pipe shall be laid on two mounds with the center of each mound placed ap proximately one fifth of the pipe length from each end. The trench shall be excavated a minimum of 2 in. below the grade of the bottom of the outside diameter of the coupling, and high spots between couplings shall be lev eled in order to maintain a minimum of 2 in. under the pipe barrel. The clearance between the trench bottom and the bottom of the coupling and pipe shall be properly backfilled utiliz ing material approved by the engineer. The material shall be compacted utiliz ing appropriate equipment to provide a firm and uniform bedding throughout the entire length of the pipe. Note : Earth mounds have been used in some areas with success. How ever, if this method is to be used, par ticularly in small sizes, caution should be exercised to ensure (1) that proper clearance is maintained between the pipe or coupling and the trench bottom, and (2) that after pipe placement, the earth beneath the entire length of the pipe including the coupling is properly placed beneath the pipe and is com pacted to a uniform density. Sec. 3.3 Laying of Pipe 3.3.1 Lowering of pipe and acces sories into trench. Pipe shall not be lowered into the trench until the pipe bed has been brought to grade. All pipe and accessories shall be inspected for defects. Dirt and other foreign matter shall be removed from the inte rior and the machined ends before low ering into the trench. Pipe and acces sories shall be lowered carefully into the trench by hand or with suitable equipment in a manner that will pre vent damage to pipe and fittings or injury to the installers. The sealing surfaces of all materials shall be kept clean during installation. 3.3.2 Pipe joints. The machined ends of pipe to be jointed, coupling grooves, and rubber rings shall be cleaned immediately before assembly, and assembly shall be made as recom mended by the manufacturer. Care SECTION 3 5 should be taken not to reverse the gasket when placed in the bell. Each pipe joint shall be sealed with a cou pling consisting of an asbestos-cement sleeve and two rubber rings or an equivalent coupling or joint of equiv alent strength and performance. The pipe joint shall not be deflected either vertically or horizontally beyond the limits recommended by the manufac turer. 3.3.2.1 When pipelaying is not in progress, the open ends of installed pipe shall be closed to prevent entrance of trench water into the line. 3.3.2.2 Whenever water is excluded from the interior of the pipe, enough backfill shall be placed on the pipe to prevent floatation. Any pipe that has floated shall be removed from the trench and the bedding corrected to conform to paragraph 3.2.3. No pipe shall be laid when the weather is un suitable for proper installation as deter mined by the engineer. 3.3.3 Pipe cutting. Pipe-cutting methods that produce a smooth, square cut end without damage to the pipe and that minimize or eliminate airborne particles shall be employed. Rotating blades, hand saws, or similar materials, when properly used, are acceptable. Abrasive disks are not recommended unless special precautions are taken. 3.3.4 End preparation. Whenever it is necessary to cut a length of pipe in the field, the end shall be prepared as follows: 3.3.4.1 The pipe end of random lengths shall be machined by commer cially available field lathes designed for this purpose to ensure that the diam eter, profile, and roundness meet the pipe manufacturer's specifications. The machined surface on which the com pression ring seals shall be smooth and cylindrical to ensure joint integrity. 3.3.4.2 The pipe end of machined overall lengths shall be beveled in ac cordance with the pipe manufacturer's specifications. 3.3.5 Length of pipe at fittings and rigid structures. When rigid joints are formed by caulked materials or by bolts with rubber ring seals, such as at fit tings, the length of 8-in. diameter and smaller pipe fitted into the bell of the fittings shall not exceed 3 ft 3 in. and the length of 10-in. diameter and larger pipe shall not exceed 6 ft 6 in. At least one flexible joint shall be used between two adjacent rigid joints. A coupling shall be cast in the wall of rigid structures at the point of entry of pipelines to provide flexibility at the wall. To provide additional flexibility, the pipe at the point of entry shall have a laying length of not more than 6 ft 6 in. Sec. 3.4 Jointing oi Pipe to Valves, Hydrants, and Fittings 3.4.1 General. Each valve, hydrant, or fitting connected to asbestos-cement pipe shall either be equipped with a bell of an inside diameter large enough to receive the pipe and caulking of at least j-in. thickness around the full circumference of the pipe, or shall have a profile that permits a seal to be made between the machined pipe and the bell of the fitting with a rubber ring. 3.4.1.1 Before valves, hydrants, or fittings are laid, all lumps, blisters, and excess coating shall be removed from the bell. The inside of the bell shall then be wire-brushed and both the in side of the bell and the spigot end of the pipe shall be wiped clean and dry. All surfaces to be jointed shall be kept clean until the joints are made. 3.4.2 Push-on joints. The-push-on joint is a single rubber-gasket joint. 6 INSTALLATION OF A-C PRESSURE PIPE It shall be assembled by positioning a continuous rubber ring gasket in the annular groove in the fitting bell and pulling the machined pipe end into the bell. A lubricant approved by the pipe manufacturer must be used. Care should be taken to ensure obtaining the correct size of gasket for the fitting bell for use with the correct size of asbes tos-cement pipe. Cast-iron bell gaskets and asbestos-cement coupling gaskets are not interchangeable. An asbestoscement coupling gasket shall not be used in a cast-iron fitting bell. 3.4.3 Mechanical joint. The me chanical joint is a bolted joint of the stuffing box type. In some sizes and classes, an adaptor is required between the asbestos-cement pipe and the me chanical joint. The joints shall con form to the current revision of ANSI A21.ll (AWWA Clll), "RubberGasket Joints for Cast-Iron and Duc tile-Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings," and shall be assembled as required in Appendix A, Notes on Installation of Mechanical Joints, of that standard. 3.4.4 Poured joints. 3.4.4.1 The yarning or packing ma terial shall be as specified by the engi neer. It shall consist of molded rubber rings. Asbestos rope or treated paper rope may be used only with the ap proval of the engineer when the space between the bell and spigot will not permit the use of a rubber ring. 3.4.4.2 The yarning material shall be placed around the spigot of the pipe and shall be of proper dimensions to center the spigot in the bell. When the spigot is shoved home, the yarning ma terial shall be driven tightly against the inside base or hub of the bell with suit able yarning tools. 3.4.4.3 When a single strand of yarning material is used, it shall have an overlap at the top of not more than 2 in. When more than a single strand is required for a joint, each strand shall be cut to sufficient length so that the ends will meet without causing overlap. The ends of the strands shall meet on opposite sides of the pipe and not on the top or at the bottom. Successive strands of yarning material shall be driven home separately. 3.4.4.4 Lead-joint bells shall pro vide a jointing material space of not less than 2J in. for pipe of 20 in. di ameter and smaller and 2\ in. for pipe 24-42 in. in diameter. 3.4.4.5 Lead for caulking purposes shall meet the current requirements of ASTM B29, "Standard Specifications for Pig Lead, in the Common Desilver ized Grade." Sec. 3.5 Setting of Hydrants, Valves, and Fittings 3.5.1 General. Hydrants, valves, and fittings shall be provided and in stalled as shown on the drawings or as specified in the supplementary specifi cations. They shall be inspected care fully and cleaned as required in para graph 3.4.1.1 prior to lowering into the trench. 3.5.2 Reaction or thrust backing. A reaction or thrust backing shall be pro vided at each hydrant, valve, bend, and tee and at reducers or fittings where changes in pipe diameter occur. They shall be centered on the longitudinal axis and extended to solid undisturbed ground. Hydrants may be tied to the water main with rods. The size and shape of the thrust backing or the num ber and size of the tie rods shall be as shown on the drawings or as specified in the supplementary specifications. SECTION 4 7 Sec. 3.6 Plugging of Dead Ends Plugs shall be inserted into the bells of all dead-end fittings. Spigot ends of fittings and plain ends of pipe shall be capped. A reaction or thrust back ing shall be provided at all dead ends of pipe that are capped or plugged. Capped or plugged outlets to fittings shall be tied to the fittings and shall be restrained according to the fitting manufacturer's recommendations. Section 4--Pressure and Leakage Tests Sec. 4.1 General The field pressure and leakage tests should be conducted on each section as soon as possible after the following requirements have been met. 4.1.1 Backfilling. Backfill sufficient to prevent the lifting of the pipe shall . be placed prior to filling with water and field testing. When local condi tions require that the trenches be back filled immediately after the pipe has been laid, the testing may be conducted after backfilling has been completed and before placement of permanent surface. 4.1.2 Concrete curing time. Before testing, or as specified by the engineer, at least 36 hr shall elapse after the last concrete thrust or reaction backing has been cast with high-early-strength ce ment, and at least seven days shall elapse after the last concrete thrust or reaction backing has been cast with standard cement. Sec. 4.2 Test Pressure Unless otherwise specified, the test pressure for distribution pipe (AWWA C400, sizes 4 in. through 16 in.) shall be double the operating pressure at the lowest elevation of the system or the class designation of the pipe plus 50 psi, whichever is less. The test pres sure for transmission pipe (AWWA C402, sizes 18 in. through 42 in.) shall be the design pressure (operating pres sure plus surge) times 1^. Sec. 4.3 Procedure The following procedure is based on the assumption that the pressure and leakage tests will be performed at the same time. The total time for the com bined pressure and leakage tests for each section shall be a minimum of 2 hr unless otherwise specified. If sepa rate tests are made, the pressure test shall be made first. The duration of the pressure test shall be a minimum of 1 hr. The duration of the leakage test shall be a minimum of 4 hr. The pressure of the leakage test may be reduced to 150 per cent of the max imum working pressure that will occur on that portion of the line or shall equal the test pressure (Sec. 4.2), whichever is less. 4.3.1 Filling. After the pipeline has been laid it shall be filled with water for a minimum of 24 hr before being subjected to the hydrostatic pressure test. Each section of the pipeline shall be filled slowly with water and all air expelled by means of taps at points of highest elevation. 8 INSTALLATION OF A-C PRESSURE PIPE TABLE 1 Allowable Leakage per 100 Couplings*_________ Pipe Diameter in. 50 Average Test Pressure at Lowest Point in Line--psi 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 Leakage--gal/hr 250 4 0.71 0.87 1.00 1.12 1.23 1.32 1.42 1.51 1.58 6 1.06 1.29 1.51 1.68 1.84 1.98 2.12 2.25 2.37 8 1.42 1.72 2.00 2.24 2.45 2.64 2.84 3.00 3.16 10 1.77 2.15 2.50 2.79 3.07 3.40 3.54 3.75 3.95 12 2.12 2.58 3.00 3.35 3.68 3.96 4.24 4.52 4.74 14 2.48 3.01 3.50 3.91 4.28 4.62 4.96 5.26 5.50 16 2.83 3.44 4.01 4.47 4.89 5.27 5.68 6.00 6.32 18 3.18 3.87 4.52 5.02 5.52 5.93 6.37 6.75 7.11 20 3.54 4.30 5.00 5.58 6.12 6.58 7.08 7.51 7.90 21 3.73 4.54 5.24 5.88 6.40 6.92 7.42 7.86 8.28 24 4.24 5.16 6.00 6.69 7.34 7.91 8.50 9.01 9.47 27 4.77 5.83 6.74 7.56 8.23 8.90 9.54 10.12 10.66 30 5.30 6.45 7.51 8;37 9.18 9.88 10.62 11.26 11.84 33 5.83 7.13 8.24 9.25 10.06 10.88 11.67 12.36 13.02 36 6.37 7.75 9.01 10.07 11.02 11.88 12.74 13.50 14.22 39 6.88 8.42 9.74 10.83 11.90 12.96 13.79 14.61 15.40 42 7.42 9.08 10.48 11.78 12.82 13.85 14.86 15.74 16.58 * The data are based on 150 psi and represent a leakage of approximately 30 gpd per mile of pipe per in. of pipe diameter for pipe in 13-ft lengths. 4.3.2 Pressurization. The specified test pressure shall be applied by means of a pump connected to the pipe in a manner satisfactory to the engineer. The test pressure shall be maintained for the specified time during which all exposed pipe, couplings, fittings, valves, and hydrants shall be exam ined carefully. '_ 4.3.3 Cracked or defective elements. All cracked or defective elements shall be removed and replaced and the test repeated until all visible leakage has been stopped and the requirements of Sec. 4.4 have been met. Sec. 4.4 Allowable Leakage No pipe installation will be accepted if the leakage for the section of line that is tested is more than the rate of leakage specified in Table 1. In deter mining the number of couplings, con sideration should be given to allow for the additional number of joints if the pipe is less than 13 ft. If- the test leakage in any section is greater than permitted, the leakage shall be located, repaired, and the test performed until the leakage is within the permitted allowance. SECTION 6 9 Section 5--Backfilling Sec. 5.1 Backfill Procedure Before Tests Backfill material approved by the en gineer shall be free of any frozen lumps, rock that is 1-J in. or larger in size, and lumps of clay, large stones, boulders, or other unsuitable sub stances such as debris. The backfill shall be deposited in the trench up to the horizontal diameter of the pipeline in 6-in, thick compacted layers and shall be sufficiently damp to permit thorough compaction under and on each side of the pipe to provide sup port that is free from voids. 5.1.1 Visual inspection not required. If visual inspection during the hydro static tests is not required, then the pipe and joints shall be backfilled as specified previously and a cushion of material hand-placed over the pipe and joints to an average depth of 12 in. for all sizes of pipe. 5.1.2 Visual inspection required. If the joints are to be exposed during the test, additional backfill material shall be hand-placed between the joints in order to hold the line securely during the test. The average depth of mate rial in this instance shall be 12 in. over the top of 8-in. diameter and smaller pipe, and 24 in. over larger pipe. In no case shall material with a diameter in excess of 14 in. be placed in the trench in the first 12 in. above the pipe. Sec. 5.2 Backfill Procedure After Tests Upon completion of pressure and leakage tests, exposed couplings shall be covered and backfill hand-placed to a depth of 12 in. above the top of the pipe and couplings. The balance of backfill shall not contain stones that are more than 6 in. in their largest dimension, and the backfill mixture shall not be used for disposal of refuse. Trenches under pavements and side walks shall be backfilled to a compac tion density of 90 per cent as deter mined by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Of ficials Method T99 for compaction and density of soils. The balance of the backfill for other trenches and those trenches not in a right of way may be backfilled by machine without compac tion unless otherwise specified in the supplementary specifications. Addi tional backfill material shall be sup plied, if needed, to completely backfill the trenches or to fill depressions caused by subsequent settlement. Section 6--Disinfection Before- the pipeline is placed into service, all new water systems, exten sions to existing systems, valved sec tions of extension, replacements in the existing system, and any exposed sec tion of the existing system shall be dis infected in accordance with AWWA C601, "Disinfection of Water Mains." AWWA C603-78 8 April 1982 Department of Defense Acceptance Notice This nongovernment document was adopted and approved for use by the Department of Defense (DoD) on 8 April 1982. The American Water Works Association has furnished the clearance required by existing regulations. Copies of the document are stocked by DoD Single Stock Point, Naval Publications and Forms Center, Philadelphia, PA 19120, for issue to DoD activities only. Contractors and industry groups must obtain copies from AWWA, 6666 West Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235. Title of Document: Standard for Installation of Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe Date of Specific Issue Adopted: January 28, 1978 Releasing Industry Group: American Water Works Association Custodians: Army--ME Navy--YD Air Force--99 User Activity: Navy--MC Military Coordinating Activity: Navy--YD Project No. COND-0074 FSC COND 5P-1.25M-43603-12/84-MG