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v' Monsanto MONSANTO TRADE LITERATURE PERMANENT FILE y AROCLOR* 9 - Resins and Plasticizers for Chlorinated Rubber Technical Bulletin 0-124 May, 1957 Monsanto Chemical Company, Organic Chemical* Division, St. louit 1, Mo. introduction Monsanto produces a series of chlorinated biphenyls and polyphenyls identified by the trademark Anulor* for use as plasticizers and resins for chlorinated rubber base lacquers, varnishes and paints. These, protective coatings are fire resistant, corrosion resistant, chemical resistant (tQ.acids, alkalies and water), and have good electrical insulating properties. ,,. When properly pigmented, these coatings have good weathcrability. Chlorinated rubber films plasticised with an Aroclor grip common structural materials in strong ^atjheaive bonds. Addition of an Aroclor improves the flexibility and life of chlorinated rubber and plastic coatings. The formulations suggested in this bulletin are common in commercial practice. They are given as a waning point or guide in developing formulations that expand the outstanding qualities of them compounds. a 2 Va>t SSo IT? 3 i r Mrarl.r: Moimmo Trd,,,,l. R.g U.S. P,, Off. O n. i.lo'""'1"" .........." i- in th. bullti.n inte ti. <odif.or ,h vie of thei bf knowledge. true and ' beyond ou- control, the uge,ilon,. ,iccurete, but ell recommendation! 01 Moniento Chemical Comeony discleii gggettiont ere ii any liability .I " ........... '"*d kt'e.n ,h,,| be con,lived r.cemm.od.lion u` *"r Product inllict wiih sling patent. MUMS 080421 Some important applications for protective and decorative coatings plasticized with Aroclor compounds - - Wood and metal used in yachts, barges and other marine craft. Structural steel for bridges, buildings, roofs and power-lines. Structural materials at chemical plants, pulp and paper mills, textile mills, petroleum refineries and gas works for protection against acid fumes, alkalies and gas. Tank cars and other rolling stock and construc tion machinery for protection against corro sive materials and weathering. Equipment and stop-off lacquers used in elec troplating. Masonry floors and walls. Concrete swimming poofs. Highway markings. Cable coatings requiring fire resistance, chemical resistance, and excellent electrical properties. Textile coatings resistant to chemicals, fire and water. - 1- HONS 0*042* k TABLE OF CONTENTS Naming and Preparation of Arodor Compounds. - Properties of Chlorinated Rubber General...... ................................................... Physical.............................. - ....................... Chemical Resistance....................................... Electrical....................... .................................. Mechanical................. ..................................... Thermal...... ...................................................... Physical-Chemical........................................... Viscosity Types................................... - ..................... Solvent Compatibility.................................................. Formulation and Properties of Chlorinated Rubber Formulation for Aroelor Resins..................... Formulation for Arodor Plasticizers............. Properties of Formulated Films.._________ Applications Alkaline-Resistant Coatings........................... Chemical-Resistant Finishes........................... Marina Finishes.............................................. Emulsion Paints............................................. Adhesives........................................................ Paper end Textile Coatings........................ . Electrical Coatings........................ ............... Printing Inks.................................................. Resins for Chlorinated Rubber.................................. Monsanto Plasticizers for Chlorinated Rubber........ Toxicity.......................................................................... Shipping Information.............................. ..................... Trademark Indax.................. .......... ........... .. This bulletin replaces technical bulletin P-124. - 2- Page .3 4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .. 6 .. 6 ..6 .. 7 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 HONS 080423 Naming of Aroclor Compounds The last two digits in a numbered series refer to the degree ol chlorination by weight. Aroclor 1248 is a biphenyl with 48 per cent chlorination. Aroclor 5460 is a terpheny) with 60 per cent chlorination. Two s|>ccia] mixtures are: Aroclor 4465--a 60:40 mixture (biphenyl to lerphenyl) with 65 per cent chlorination. Aroclor 2565- a 75:25 mixture (biphenyl to lerphenyl) with 65 per cent chlorination. The physical properties of the Aroclor plasticizers vary gradually with the degree of chlorination. At low percentages of chlorine, such as Aroclor 1221 and 1232, the compounds are clear and very fluid. At 42 per cent they resemble vegetable oil; at 48 j>cr cent they thicken slightly and look more like a medium-grade mineral oil. At 54 |>cr cent chlorine, the compounds are quite viscous; if a bottle containing them is turned upside down, the bubble rises slowly to the top. At higher percentages, the biphenyls become gumlikc, and a fingerprint on the surface lasts several days. Then at 68 per cent chlorine,"the range is complete; Aroclor 1268 is a white powder. The terphenyls (Aroclor 5442 and 5460) are both yellowish solids. Thegradual change in physical properties often allows a processor to select a plasticizer particularly suited for his operation. For example, if he wants to dry mix the plasticizer, Aroclor 1268 could be used.It melts at higher processing temperature and can act as a solvent-plasticizer. - 3- MOWS QtiQHlb Properties of Chlorinated Rubber "Parlon'' is a mixture of two polymers with an average chlorine content of 67 per cent made by chlorin ating natural rubber. The typical properties of "Parlon" as given by the manufacturer, Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware, arc listed in Table ]. Table I. Typical Properties of "Parlon" General Form as shipped Color of film...... Odor.................... Clarity of film... Moisture, per cent as shipped. ..White, granular powder ..Water white ..None Good None . 0.5 maximum Physical - SpeciHc gravity........................................................................................ 1.64 Specific volume, as shipped, in cubic inches per pound....................... 16.9 Hulking value, gallons per pound....................................................... 0.0735 Index of refraction.................................................................................. 1.554 Chemical resistance to: Acids, weak............................................................................................... excellent Acids, strong..............................................................................................excellent Alkalies, weak................................ excellent Alkalies, strong.......................... ...excellent Salt spray................................................................................................. good Alcohols......................................................................................................excellent Ketones..................................................................................................... soluble Esters........ .................................................................................................soluble Hydrocarbons, aromatic..........................................................................soluble Hydrocarbons, aliphatic..........................................................................good Oils, mineral.............................................................................................good Oils, animal..............................................................................................poor Oils, vegetable......................................................................................... poor Eiactrieal (clear unplasticized film*) Specific surface resistance, ohmsXlO10................................................2,000 Dielectric strength, volts per mil (ASTMmethod)...............................2,300 Dielectric constant at 25C. and 1,000cycles.......................................3.1 Power factor at 2S0C. and 1,000 cycles................................................0.0015 to 0.0030 Power factor at 25C. and 1,000 cycles, after immersion in water for 140 hours and surface wiped dry..................................0.002 7 *f'ilnif used in terts were laid down from a toluene solution. -4- HONS 080^5 I Properties, cont'd. Mechanical (clear unplosticized film*) 20-cp. type Tensile strength, pounds per square inch, dry............................4,270 Tensile strength, pounds per square inch, wet............................ 4,100 Elongation, per cent, dry.............................................................. 3.6' Elongation, j>cr cent, wet.............................................................. 3.8 Modulus of elasticity, pounds per square inch............................. 1,4X 10'' Hardness, Sward index, per cent of glass.................................... 90 Note: Flexibility of "I'arlon" film increases with viscosity of "Parlon" used. 1,000-cp.typ# 4,850 4,300 3.3 3.4 Thermal (clear unplosiicized film*) Burning rate............................. Effect of dry heat on film.... Softening point......................... nonflammable stable up to and at l2 5eC. decomposes at 135'' to 150C. Physical-Chemical (clear unplasticized film*) Effect of sunlight...........................................................................Discolors and embrittles Effect of aging............................................................................... Very slight Effect of hot water...................................................................... Blushes' Effect of cold water.................................................................... None Moisture absorption (80% relative humidity for 24 hours), per cent......................................................................................0.27 . Moisture vapor permeability of 0.003-inch film (grams water/ square centimetcr/0.01 centimeter/hour at 21C.)............ 0.2 X104 Viscosity Typos Viscosity Type 5 cp........ 10 cp........ 20 cp........ 125 cp........ 1,000. cp........ Table II. `'Parlon" Viscosity Types Viscosity Range (centipoises) .... 5 to 7 .... 8 to 12 .... 16 to 25 ....110 to 190 .. .800 to 2,000 Examples of actual or suggested applications of the several viscosity types are given below: Type Example of Use 5 cp. In printing inks and as a fortifier for alkyd resin enamels. 10 cp. In high-solids finishes and as a fortifier for alkyd resin and oleoresinous varnishes and enamels. I 20 cp. As a film-former in protective coatings andas a fortifier in enamels and varnishes. 125 cp, As a film-former in protective coatings, in paper lacquers,adhesives, and textile finishes. 1,000 cp. As a film-former in adhesives, textile finishes and other finishes where flexibility is im]x>rtant. Films ucd in tests were laid down from a toluene solution. L......... - 5- HONS 080426 ! Solvent Compatibility Solvents and solvent mixtures suggested for use in preparing formulations with Aroclor and "Parlon" are given in Tabic III: Table HI. Suggested Solvents for Compositions with Aroclor and "Parlon" "Amsco Solv," B and E Amyl acetate Butyl acetate Carbon tetrachloride "Ccllosolve" Diacctonc alcohol Diethyl carbonate Ethyl acetate Ethylene dichloride Hi-Flash naphtha Methyl acetate _ Xylene Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl salicylate Notol Octyl, acetate "Sovasol"'Nos. 74, 75 "Solvesso 100" "Tollac" Toluene "Union Aromatic Solvent" 3553-10 "Union Solvent No. 30" Formulations and Properties of Chlorinated Rubber Chlorinated Rubber Films Aroclor 1262 and 5460, resinous types, show good compatibility in chlorinated rubber films laid down from toluene solution containing 20 per cent of the plastic in ratios of 2:1 and 1:1 ("Parlon" to Aroclor). The plasticizer ty)>es, Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260, also show good compatibility. Formulations and properties of films derived from both resin- and plasticizer-type Aroclor are listed below. Table IV. Formulations for Aroclor Resin Ingredient Parts by Weight "Parlon," 20-cp............................ .............16 .......Aroclor 5460................................ 8 ..-16 8 16 12 8 12 12 12 Dibutyl phthalate........................ ..............4 ---- 3 Tung oil, Thermolyzcd, 976...... .............-- -- 5-- Xylene or butyl acetate............. .............. 76 72 71 76 73 12 12 3.75 72.25 Table V. Formulations for Aroclor Plasticizer Ingredient "Parlon," 20-cp........... Aroclor 1254 or 1260 Xylene.......................... Parts by Weight 20 20 47 76 73 ZO 20 70 - 6- MGNS Q8G427 Films cast from these lacquers show improved characutbiics due to Arodor. Some of their advantages are listed below: Adhesion Unplasticizcd chlorinated rubber Wins have very poor adhesion. The lacquer film containing Arodor 5460 Rave good adhesion to aluminum, bare steel, primed steel, galvanized iron and "Transiic" surfaces Othen commercial resins, particularly oil-modified alkyd resins, gave better adhesion to glass, tin, copper, sealed wood anti cellophane. The larqurr films plasticized with Arodor 1 254 or 1260 gave good adhesion to "Transite," cellophane, gal vanized iron and primed steel surfaces. Some of the other commercial plasticizers tested in similar films gave belter adhesion to aluminum, tin, bare steel, copper and scaled wopd surfaces. Though compounds with an Arodor alone possess pronounced adhesive qualities, better adhesion to all of the surfaces results if mixtures of Arodor or varied contents arc used. Resistance to Aqueous Solutions Chlorinated rubber films with Aroclor 1254 or 1260 (plasticizers) and Arodor 5460 (resin) show satisfac tory resistance to solutions of 10 per cent hydrochloric acid, 5 per cent sodium hydride, 5 per cent sodium chloride and water spot tests. Film Hardness Softer films weft produced with Arodor 5460 in ratios of 5:10 and 10:10 (/froc/or'Tarlon") than with other commercial resins In similar mixtures. Likewise, softer films result from Arodor 1254 or 1260 in ratios o! 2:10 and 5:10 Mrocfor:"Parlon") than with other commercial plasticizers at these concentrations. From these tests compounds with Arodor are shown to have strong plasticizing setion on chlorinated rubber. Cold-Check Resistance Arodor 5460 is superior to phenol formaldehyde resins in cold-check resistance imparted to chlorinated rubber films, but not as good as alkyds modified with long oil. Arodor 1260 used as a plasticizer proved somewhat better than Arodor 1254. Weather Resistance Pigmented chlorinated rubber finishes containing Arodor have consistently withstood outdoor weather tests, but unpigmented finishes do not stand up well regardless of the resin or plasticizer used. Poor resistance to ultraviolet light is also a weakness of chlorinated rubber. Most pigments (except ultra marine blue) are usable with "Parlon" and are recommended if the coating is to be subjected to outdoor weather or ultraviolet light. However, pigment protection varies considerably. Inspection of alkyd enamels fortified with "Parlon" showed weatherability varied from 63 months with chrome green to 4 months for titanium dioxide--iron blue combinations. Sanding and Polishing Properties Plastic films compounded with "Parlon" and containing Arodor 5460, 1254 and 1260 have shown satisfac tory sanding and polishing characteristics. - 7- MGNS 0804b Applications Alkoline-Rotistant Coalings Producls containing Aroclor and chlorinated rubber are highly resistant to alkalies and moisture. Paints with combinations of Aroclor and chlorinated rubber arc used in large quantities for concrete floors, walls, swimming pools and other surfaces. A paint formulation is given in Table VI Table VI. Paint Formulation for Alkaline Surface (Parts by Weight) Ingredient Formulation "Parlon," 20-cp. type.............................. Aroclor 1254............................................ Rezyl 869".............................................. Aroclor 5460 or "Cumar P10".............. "Bockosol 31".......................................... Tung oil, Thermolyzcd, 976................... Titanium dioxide...................................... Zinc oxide................................................. Silica flour................................................ Carbon black.............. ,............................. Xylene.................................... .................. Hi-Flash naptha..................... .................. formula I (batamanl floor*) 18 10 16 2 3 0.2 42.8 formula 2 (Sd. Sp.e TT.Mt) * "l 8 10 6 .116 2 0.5 47.5 Totals........................................... 100 100 formula 3 (twimminj pooli) 14.6 4.4 2.9 4.4 19.7 6.5 47.5 100 Chemical-Resistant Finishes Particular care is necessary in choosing resins and plasticizers for chemical-resistant paints. Chlorinated rub ber formulations with an Aroclor have proved outstanding for acid and alkali resistance. Five formulations are shown in Table VII. Table VII. Formulations for Chemical-Resistant Paints . (Parts by Weight) Ingredient "Parlon," 20-cp. type........... Aroclor 5460.......................... "Bakelite XJ-12895"............ "Rezyl 807" (solids)............ Aroclor 1254.......................... Aroclor 1260.......................... Tung oil, Thermolyzed, 976.. Iron oxide.............................. Titanium dioxide................... Zinc oxide.............................. Zylene..................................... Hi-Flash naphtha................. Toluene................................... Totals........................ i inferior 11*0, acids and alkallas 16 6.4 _ -- 8 -- -- 16 _ 53.6 -- -- too 2 Exferior Via, odds 16 __ _ 6.4 _4.8 . 4.8 16 __ ___ 52 __ __ 100 Formulation 3 Ciferlor Hit, luifei _16 6.4 -- _4.8 4.8 16 __ _ 52 -- _ 100 4 Mailmum rotitfenco, alkallas 18 _ __ _ 8 6 _18 _ 39 11 __ 100 B Soap 12 6 ___ _7.7 18 6 28 10.3 12 100 MOWS 080429 Those formulations were applied to metal bars or panels and tested for resistance. Formula I showed good resistance to 10 per cent hydrochloric acid and 5 per cent sodium hydroxide solutions. Formula 2 gave excellent outdoor protection to mcla) surfaces on plants manufacturing acids. Formula 3 performed well on exteriors of plants producing alkali. Formula 4 had excellent resistance to acids, alkalis and salt solutions. It also showed good adhesion to glass and other surfaces. Formula 5 proved good for resistance to warm, soapy water. Note: No finishes with Arodor or chlorinated rubber arc recommended for con tinuous exposure at temperatures above 140 I*'. Marini Finish** The marine industry makes great use of chlorinated rubber coatings plasticized with Arodor to protect wood and metal on boats, barges and other marine equipment. They possess good resistance to salt water and their hard finish deters algae and other marine growth. A suggested formula for a white marine paint is given in Table VIII. Table VIII. Formulation for a Chlorinated Rubber Marine Paint Ingredient Parts by Weight "Parlon," 20-cp. type............................................................ 20 Aroclor 1254......................................................................... 6 "Rezyl 869"........................................................................... 6 Titanium dioxide................................................................... 25 Xylene................................................................................. 23 Hi'Flash naphtha.................................................................. 20 Total.......................................................................... 100 Emulsion Paints If chemical resistance is required on porous surfaces, Arodor 1254 is often added to chlorinated rubber emulsion paints. The Hercules Powder Company reports that preferred water phases for such paints are either a 1 per cent distilled water solution of "Aerosol OT" or a 4 per cent distilled-water solution of sodium oleate. A lacqueMo-water ratio of 2.5 to 1 (by weight) is suggested for the complete emulsion. "Parlon" of any viscosity may be used. A typical paint phase for such an emulsion paint is given in Table IX. - 9- MONS 080430 Table IX. Formulation for Paint Phase of Emulsion Paint Ingredient Parts by Weight "Parlon"............... Aroclor 1254....... "Cumar P10"...... Xylene.................. Hi-Flash naphtha Total....... ....... 28 ....... 14 ... 10 ....... 24 ....... 24 ...... 100 Adhesives Chlorinated rubber adhesives with an Aroclor were developed originally for adhering labels to acid bottles because of their general resistance to chemicals. These adhesives are also of unusual interest because they arc fire resistant. A typical formulation is given in Tabic X. Table X. Formulation for ChlOrinatad Rubber Adhesive Ingredient Parts by Weight "Parlon," 125*cp. type......................................................... Aroclor 1254.,........................................................................ Aroclor 1260.......................................................................... Toluene................................................................................... Total......................................................................... 20 6 6 68 100 Paper and Tactile Coatings Chlorinated rubber coatings with Aroclor are worthy of consideration for specific end uses in the paper and textile coating fields. In general, this type of coating is restricted by odor and taste. Unpigmented fin ishes seem suitable for certain fabrics used indoors, but not for exposure to high temperatures or direct sunlight. Electrical Coatings Because of their desirable electrical properties, these compositions are useful for insulating and protecting electrical wire and apparatus from moisture. With selected fungistats and waxes, coatings of this type are used to protect electronic equipment in the tropics against moisture and fungi. The fire resistance of these plastics is an added dividend in the electrical field. Printing Inks Printing inks requiring a fast drying time and chemical resistance are often based on chlorinated rubber compositions plasticized with an Aroclor. These inks are especially useful on soap wrappers and boxes, bottle labels and many other commodities because of their alkali resistance. -10- MQNS 080431 Other Resins and Plasticizers Compatible With Chlorinated Rubber The resins and Monsanto plasticizers given in Tables XI and XII arc compatible with chlorinated rubber, but none gives the over-all desired qualities attained by using an Aroclor. The sirong points and limitations of each are known. If their use is necessary for specific applications in chlorinated rubber, more detailed in formation on them may readily be found. Table XI. Rasim Compatible with "Parlon" "Ambcrol 801, 806l\ ST-137, F7" Aroclor 1262, 5460 "Aroplaz 920, 930, 935, 940" "BakeUlc" XR-3180, XR-4503, XR-4GQ6, HR-2963, XJ-9868, IJR-1329, HR-3360" "Beckacitc 1112" "Beckamine P-138, P-254" "Supcr-Beckamlne 3501" "Beckapol 1400" "Beckosol I (solid), 18, 31, 34, 40, 1329" "Beetle" Resin 227-8 "Clorafin 70" Copal "Cumar P10" Dammar "Duraplex C-45-LV, C-48, C-49, C-50-LV, C-51, C-62, D-61, D-62, E-71, E-71-A, E-73" East India gum Ester gum Ethyl methacrylate "Esterol 750" 'T'ormvar" "Gelva 2.5" "Glyptal 1 247, 2450, 2454. 2458, 2464, 2466, 2500" "Tewisol ?L, 28, 33" Methyl methacrylate polymers "Neville R-3, R-10" `Tentalyn A, G, M, X" `Tctrcx 1, 130H" "Phenac 633-M" "Rezyl 116, X315, 412, 775, 803, 807, 829, 869, 880, 1103" Rosin Santolitc* MPH (sulfonamide-aldehyde resin) "Stabelite Ester 1, 2, 10" "Stabelite" resin "Super-BeckacUe 1001" "Syntex Hi, H3, H12, 17, 213, 22, 28, 29, 32, 36" "Teglac 15, Z-152" "Velsicol AD6-3" "Vinsol" Table XII. Monsanto Pta iiars Compatible with "Parlon" Aroclor 1242 Arcelor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Dibutyl phthalate Diethyl phthalate Dimethyl phthalate Santicizer B-16 (butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate) Sanlicizer M-l 7 (methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate) Tricresv! phosphate Triphenyl phosphate *Sdmo!itr, Suminirr: Monsanto Trademarks. U.S Pat Off. -11- HONS 0fl(H32 Toxicity Animal Loxicily studies and 20 years of manufacturing and use experience indicate that Aroclnr compounds arc not serious industrial health hazards. If the materials are heated to volatilization, ventilation should be provided to prevent inhalation of vapors. This is true of other major components of the formulation as well as the Aroclor compounds. Repeated or prolonged skin contact should be avoided although there arc few instances of skin irritation. Human patch tests with finished products containing Aroclor compounds have shown no irritation. Mon santo will furnish information on specific Aroclor compounds upon request. Shipping Information Regulation* -- None Standard Containers -- Steel and Fiber (Aroclor 1268, 5460) drums. Rail Classification Chlorinated diphenyl (synthetic resin, liquid, NOIBN) Synthetic resin, liquid, NOIBN Snythetic resin, other than liquid, NOIBN -- Aroclor 1142, 1148, 1154, 1160, 1162, 1168, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1268 -- Aroc.br 1260 mix, 1262 mix -- Aroclor 256S, 4065, 4465, 5042, 5060, 5442, 5460 Truck Classification Synthetic resin powder, NOI Synthetic resin, lumps or solid mass, NOI -- Aroclor 2565 -- Aroclor 4065, 4465, 5042, 5060, 5442, 5460 - 12- MQNS 030433 Trademark Index Trademark Company "Aerosol OT" American Cyanamid Company "Amberol" Rohm & Haas Company . "Amsco Solv" "Aroplas" American Mineral Spirits Co. U. S. Industrial Chemicals Co. "Bakeliu" "Beckacite" "Bcckamlne" "Beckopol" Bakelite Company Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. Rcichhold Chemicals, Inc. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. "Beckosol" "Beetle" Resin v. "Ceilosolve" "ClontflB''-"Cumar" "Duraplex" "Esterol" "Formvtr" "Gelva" "GlypUl" "Hercolyn" Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. American Cyanamid Company Carbide & Carbon Chem. Co. Hercules Powder Company Barrett Division, Allied Chem. & Dye Rohm & Haas Company L. Sonnebom Sons, Inc. Sbawinigan Resins Corp. Shawinigan Resins Corp. General Electric Company Hercules Powder Company "Lewlso!" "Neville" "Pentalyn" "Petrex" "Phenac" "Rexyl" "Solvasoi" "Solvesso" "Subelite" Ester "Subelite" Resfn "Super-Beckaclte" "Syntex" "Teglac" "Tolltc" "Troluoil" "Translte" "Velsicol" "Vinsol" Hercules Powder Company Neville Chemical Company Hercules Powder Company Hercules Powder Company American Cyanamid Company American Cyanamid Company Socony-MobU Oil Company Esso Standard Oil Hercules Powder Company Hercules Powder Company Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. Flintkote Company American Cyanamid Company Neville Chemical Company Anderson-Pritchard Oil Corp. Johns-ManvUle Sales Corp. Velsicol Corp. Hercules Powder Company . ra/Foa-nt--m iu*. wwijrc 4/01 mu S Mb** Ib US A. MUMS 080434 Reams and Plasticizers for Chlorinated Rubber v-- Monsanto I____ M * May, 1fS7 Pf further Infortnetlew e* Ik* prwinch described In thk bulletin eenteet the nurtrt Memento office. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI AKRON ATLANTA BOSTON CHICAGO CINCINNATI CLEVELAND DETROIT HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MINNEAPOLIS NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE WILMINGTON MONSANTO CHEMICALS LTD. London MONSANTO CHEMICALS (AUSTRALIA) LTD. Molbourno MONSANTO (CANADA) LTD. Montreal Toronto # Vancouver HONS 000435