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FILE NAME Brakes BRK DATE 2005 DOC BRK194 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION PPT Presentation from AIH Conference - Asbestos Exposure of Mechanics Airborne Asbestos Fiber Exposure Assessment of Heavy Equipment Mechanics PO110 - American Industrial Hygiene 65th Annual Conference and Exposition May 2005 Anaheim California F.W. Boelter CIH PE C.E. Simmons CIH J.W. Spencer CIH CSP Boelter & Yates Inc. Park Ridge IL Study Purpose mw Determine the concentration of airborne fibers during maintenance and repair activities involving containing friction products and gaskets on heavy equipment Gasket & Friction Uses Track Machine Gaskets Joints Engine Friction Clutch Brakes T17619 TRACTOR CUTAWAY A Later Model Illustrated Assessment Strategy Personal and area air samples Heavy equipment repair facility Period of nine days Removal and replacement activities containing friction products and gaskets Four different pieces of heavy equipment Four mechanics Analytical Methods Cleanliness - AHERA Federal Register Vol 52 No. 210 PCM - NIOSH Method 7400 for phase contrast microscopy TEM - NIOSH Method 7402 transmission electron microscopy PLM - 93-116 7/93 Edition ACH - ASTM Method E 741-00 Standard Test Methodfor Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means ofa Tracer Gas Dilution Smoke Fume and Particulate - ARTI HHPC and TSI Trak CO CO2 Temp RH - Trak Model 8554 Statistical Analysis Calculated likely upper limits shift Short exposures LogNorm2 - Statistical Analysis for Exposure Assessment Version 2.9 Results shift personal samples 0.005 to 0.049 cc by PCM 0.002 to 0.041 asbestos cc TEM STEL personal samples 0.043 to 0.56 cc by both PCM and TEM 95 confidence that 95 of hour TWA exposures 0.061 cc by PCM and 0.057 asbestos cc by TEM % of STEL exposures 0.19 cc by PCM and 0.13 asbestos cc by TEM Location of Testing Maintenance garage 40,320 ft Ventilation rates AHERA clean Random area samplers Typical tools and work practices Typical work pace Bay 2 Overhead do r Location B Overhead Office door LocationLocation _] Bay1 Selecting the Equipment Age History Original parts Availability Popularity Uniqueness The Mechanics e e e e e e e e e e j e e e e e 120+ combined years of experience Assessment Conditions Worst case maintenance scenarios Very low ventilation rates 0.13 ACH with all doors and windows closed and 1 to 5 ACH with doors open Multiple machines simultaneously Focus was working on these machines limited distractions Old vintage machines D8 Track Dozer Caterpillar D8 Track Dozer Manufactured in 1946 Work performed Brakes Clutch Top End Engine Gaskets day maintenance period 955 Track Loader m Caterpillar 955 Track Loader <2 , Manufactured in 1958 Work performed Track Band Brakes Top End Engine Gaskets day maintenance period 930 Wheel Caterpillar 930 Wheel Loader Manufactured in 1968 Work Performed Disc Brakes Half maintenance period 12E Motor Grader Caterpillar 12E Motor Grader m Manufactured in 1959 Work Performed Top End Engine Gaskets Drum Brakes 2 - day maintenance period Test Statistics Gaskets 62 gaskets removed and replaced 4 head gaskets 58 other gaskets 22 originalgaskets contained asbestos Original asbestos gaskets 3 to 85 chrysotile 6 of the replacement gaskets contained asbestos Replacement asbestos gaskets 20 to 40 chrysotile Test Statistics Friction Materials 51 friction sections contained asbestos 18 band 5 drum 12 disc 16 clutch Original asbestos sections 15 to 85 chrysotile 24 of the replacement sections contained asbestos Replacement sections 15 to 95 chrysotile D8 Track Brakes Rotating brake band and abrasive cutting OSHA min EL 1 cc Results Avg 0.30 asb cc AL owe So : | JJfOSHA hr TWA * 0.1 cc OS Fr, 4 Results | aaa, a f 0.046 asb cc D8 Master Clutch Punch out rivets scrape grind and reline drive plate OSHA min [iim ey 4 an > ; OSHA hr TWA Results avg 0.16 asb cc o : ;.vi | [gy ler ; i : Bo a |7 Results avg +) 0.055 asb cc 955 Engine Top End Grinding off engine gasket residue OSHA min EL 1 cc Results avg 0.25 asb cc OSHA hr TWA 0.1 cc Results avg 0.030 asb cc 955 Friction Drilling lining OSHA min EL 1 cc Results 0.038 asb cc | | i. = Results avg 0.016 asb cc 955 Friction Track brake relining with rivets OSHA min |. aye 6 6S Bly OSHA hr TWA Results avg ' - oy 6) aan re. ~ 0.043 asb cc = y <s,]. \.. Results avg 0.016 asb cc 930 Friction Disc brake pad removal OSHA min Je. Results avg ; OSHA hr TWA : Ame , Se : ; 7 " , Results avg Ye ; 930 Friction Disc brake reinstallation | OSHA min EL jaar ee, vA Results avg a7: 0.044 asb cc \ ^' . :- a ee, OSHA hr TWA Results avg 0.024 asb cc 12E Friction Drum brake OSHA min Segall Re * OSHA TWA Results avg ; 0.045 asb cc }- .. He a Pa ee Results avg 0.005 asb cc Bulk Samples Friction dust and debris 15 samples were taken of debris and scrapings from friction products 6 samples had asbestos content of % = No asbestos was detected in the other 9 samples Summary of Air Sampling Results Entire Study All results are well below respective PEL mw Average hr TWA = 0.014 asbestos cc 0.1 PEL Average min EL = 0.060 asbestos cc 1.0 PEL mw Average of area samples is 0.008 asbestos cc Average Results by Equipment Type m No hr TWA exceeds the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 0.1 cc Results in cc OSHA PEL Background total fiber Background asbestos fiber Personal @ TEM @ Area @ Area UO PCM @ Bkgr D8 955 930 E12 Average Bkgrd Friction Results by Task mw No hr TWA exceeds the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 0.1 cc Background total fiber Background asbestos fiber Results in cc OSHA PEL Personal - PCM @ Personal - TEM @ Area - PCM Area - TEM PCM O Bkgr Gasket Results by Task mw No hr TWA exceeds the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 0.1 cc Background total fiber Background asbestos fiber Results in cc Personal - PCM B Personal - TEM B Area - PCM Area - TEM PCM O Bkgr Average Excursion Limit Results by Equipment Type No min EL exceeds the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 1.0 cc Results in cc OSHA PEL Personal - PCM @ Personal - TEM Worst Case Tasks All below PEL No min EL exceeds the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 1.0 cc Results in cc Personal - PCM @ Personal - TEM @ OSHA PEL since 1994 Comparing Results - Auto Mechanics - Study consistent with published literature = Numerous studies of auto mechanics performing brake work Historic studies 1968-1996 all show exposures below respective PEL HOUR ASBESTOS CONCENTRATION cc 1968-1996 Hickish and Knight 1970 1968 Johnson et al 1979 1976-1977 Roberts 1980a 1979 Roberts 1980b 1979 Roberts and Zumwalde 1982 1979 R^delsperger et al 1986 Plato et al 1995 1976-1988 Moore 1988 ------ Sheehy 1989 1986-1987 4 Yeung et al 1999 1996 12 1976 )) MaximuMinimum Mean Minimum PELOSHA Date cc of 194 Yearhour sampling - Conclusions Repair and maintenance of containing friction products and gaskets in heavy equipment results in exposures well below both OSHA's standard for an hour TWA and the minute EL Aggressive activities such as scraping hammering drilling abrasive cutting riveting and cleaning using a die grinder or compressed air on materials containing asbestos did not yield significant concentrations based on a STEL nor contribute meaningfully to the hr TWA Airborne Asbestos Fiber Exposure Assessment of Heavy Equipment Mechanics Fred W. Boelter CIH PE Catherine E. Simmons CIH Boelter & Yates Inc. Park Ridge Illinois 692-4700 fboelter@boelter-yates.com csimmons@boelter-yates.com