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cllsuM 4384, J. Thermal Insulation. Vat. 4, Jon. 198I, p. 171--81 DETERMINATION OF RATE OF FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE FROM UREA-FORMALDEHYDE PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE FOAMS J. Rybicky; S.M Kambanis AND An apparatus and procedures are described For evaluating the rota of formaldehyde release From UF ond PF Foams. The method consists oF two stepsi (1) collection oF Formaldehyde From a box containing a block of Foam, (the main subject oF this paper), and (2) determination oF tha collected For maldehyde- The collection step provides the amount of for maldehyde that is released From a given quantity of foam in a given time, and under given conditions of test. 2 refs. 4388 Toxic Appl. Phormoc, 58, No. 3, May 1981, p. 363--9 EFFECTS OF PRENATAL AND LACTATIONAL EX POSURE TO ACRYLAMIDE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTESTINAL ENZYMES IN THE RAT 8. Wo/detv 8-5- Squibb/ C.M. Schiller The results indicate that prenatal and lactotionol exposure to acrylamide does significantly change intestinal enzyme levels, i.e. increases or decreases, during the early stages of development, further research is necessary to determine if these changes are reflected in subsequent alterations in the structure or Function of the intestine. 19 refs. URL 15582 4385 Pfosf. Rubb. WJdy,, No. 897, 25th July 1981. p. 20 EVA INVESTIGATES THE FUMES Rubber & Plastics Research Asm. of Gt. Sn'toin Eva Pedersen, an environmental scientist From the Technologist institut Denmark has been at the Environmental Centre at RAPRA working on pollution problems associated with rubber curing Samples of Fumes generated during simulations of rubber manufacturing are analysed at RAPRA and in Denmark and the results used in environmental im provement programmes. 4389 / Fd. Casmet. Toxic, 19, No. 3, June 1981, p. 317-33 k LIFESPAN ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF VINYL CHLORIDE IN RATS V.J. faron; C.F.M Hendriben; AJ. Specie; H.P. Til/ 8.J. Spit Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM| was administered by in corporating PVC powder with a high VCM content into the diet or by gastric intubation of a 10 percent VCM solution in soya-bean oil. A variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic treatment-related liver lesions was Found at each of the VCM levels. Tumours attributable to VCM exposure were also Found at other sites. The present study showed thot VCM is a car cinogen in rats, and that the no-observed-adverse-effect level in rats was lower than 1.7 mg per kg body weight per day, un der these conditions. 61 4386 Chem. Engng. New* 59, No. 27, 6th July 1981, p. 21 NO EFFECT FROM STYRENE IN RAT STUDY Litton Bioneftes Inc,- Chemical Manufacturers Aon. According to o recent study, styrene administered in the drinking water of rats had no effect on reproduction, and did not increase the incidence of tumours. Neither were any significant gross or microscopic changes observed. A short summary of the study is given. 4390 Toxic. Appl. Phormac, 59, No. 1, 15th June 1981, p. 130-40 UPTAKE. METABOLISM. AND ELIMINATION OF METHYLENE CHLORIDE VAPOUR BY HUMANS G.O. DiVincenxo; CJ. Koplon Exprimental exposures to methylene chloride (MC| vapour of various concentrations (maximum 200 ppm) were carried out with sedentary nonsmokers For one, or 5 consecutive days, 7)4 hours per doy. Between 25 and 34% of the absorbed MC was excreted in the expired air as carbon monoxide (COJ during ond after exposure. The Findings show that end tidal oir and blood concentrations of MC and CO are directly proportional to the magnitude of exposure. Blood corboxyhemoglobin saturations are related to the recommended threshold limit values for CO and MC. 25 refs. 4387 Adhesion, 25, No. 6. June 1981, p. 253--9 SOLVENT EMISSION Anon. German. This article deals with the problems of air-pollution caused by solvent amission in the Film printing pointing and laminating industry. Methods of reducing solvent emission are discussed From a technical as well as economic viewpoint and a limit value For maximum solvent emission is suggested. 19 refs. 4391 Toxic. Appl. Phormac, 59, No. 1, 15th June 1981, p. 141-8 EFFECT OF EXERCISE OF SMOKING ON THE UP TAKE. METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF METHYLENE CHLORIDE VAPOUR G.O. DiVincanza,- CJ. Kaplan Controlled exposures to methylene chloride (MC) ware carried out at 100 ppm For 7)4 hours with exercising or smoking in dividuals. Physical exercise increased the absorption of MC, the biatransformation of MC to carbon monoxide ICO). blood carboxyhemoglobin saturations ond the pulmonary excretion of CO compared to those values obtained From sedentary workers. The combined affect of smoking and exposure to MC produced an additive increase in blood carboxyhemoglobin values. 8 refs. 13 4392 Scond. J. Work Etvrir. Hfth,, 7, No. 2, Juno 196!, p. 95--100 FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE IN WORK AND THE GENERAL ENVIRONMENT: OCCURRENCE AND POSSIBILITIES FOR PREVENTION R. NiemWa; H. Voinio Serious concern hat boon expressed about the health hazards relating to the potent irritating and sensitising properties of formaldehyde. Recently published information about the potential carcinogenicity of this compound, has generated fur ther discussion. Therefore, this article briefly reviews the health hazards of formaldehyde, the occurrence of for maldehyde in the environment, and general aspects of the prevention of existing hazards. 24 refs. 4393 Am. /nd. Hyg. Assn. J., *Z No. 7, July 1981, p. A34/A46 FORMALDEHYDE: EVIDENCE OF CAR CINOGENICITY M. Blodrwe/I; H. Korgi A.; Thomas 7. infante The National institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NtOSH) recommends that formaldehyde be handled as a potential occupational carcinogen end that appropriate con trols be used to reduce worker exposure- These recom mendations ore based on studies in which rati end mice ex posed to formaldehyde vapour developed nasal cancer. Other advene health effects coused by formaldehyde ore described. The production ond uses of' formaldehyde, together with those occupations involving exposure to this compound, are given. 27 refs. (NtOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 34|. 4396 Clin. Allergy, II, No. 2, Mar. 1961, p. 161-8 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE INDUCED ASTHMA: EVALUATION OF ANTIBODIES IN THE SERUM OF AFFECTED WORKERS AGAINST TOLYL MONO ISOCYANATE PROTEIN CONJUGATE i.M. Oonfci; O. Cromwell, el aI. Radioallergosorbent testing was used to look for the presence of specific IgE antibody against a pcro-folyi-mono-iiocyonote human serum albumin conjugate in seta from five groups of subjeds. The first three groups consisted of individuals ex posed to toluene dilsocyanote (TDl) who hod been shewn by bronchial provocation testing with levls of TDl below the threshold limit value of 0.02 ppm, to have immediate asth matic reoefions, late asthmatic reactions or no respiratory changes at oil. The two control groups consisted of atopic and non-atopic individuals who had no respiratory symptoms and no known exposure to TDi. Although RA5T showed high ct/min in some of the sera from patients with proven TDI-induced respiratory disease, these levels were not significantly dif ferent from controls and appeared to reflect the presence in these sera of high levels of total IgE (greater then 100 mu mi ll. There is no ewdence from this study for the presence of specific IgE antibody against a paro-tolyi mono isocyanate human serum albumin conjugate in patients with TDI-induced respiratory disease. This finding may reflect absence of an tibodies, or that the techniques for their detection are not always effective even when performed by experienced per sons, and there is a potential source of error in tha in terpretation of results when sens contain lorge omounts of IgE. URL 15583 4394 Am. Ind. Hyg. Asm. J., 4% No. 7, July 1981, p. 461-5 TOXICOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THERMOPLASTIC RESINS AT AND ABOVE PROCESSING TEM PERATURES G.K. 5ongha; M. Motifolp T. Alone Sensory irritation and acute lethality caused by fumes emanating from a variety of thermoplastics were evaluated using mice. The materials were subjected to temperature ranges from melt processing and above. All materials released irritating fumes with increasing temperatures. Acute lethality, principally due ta release of carbon monoxide, occurred at elevated temperatures. 20 reft. 4395 Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J., 42, No. 7, July 1981, p. 499--502 WORKER EXPOSURE TO STYRENE MONOMER IN THE REINFORCED PLASTIC BOAT-MAKING INDUSTRY M S. Crandall NtOSH conducted an industrial hygiene survey of workers ex posed to styrene monomer in-the gloss fibre-reinforced plastic boat industry. The objective of the study was to provide ex tent of exposure data for specific jobs by including plants representing a cross-section of the industry. Industrial hygiene surveys were conducted at seven plants. Overall exposure to styrene monomer ranged from 2 parts per million (ppm! to f 83 ppm. Mean exposures for the four primary job categories of hull lamination, deck lamination, small parts lamination ond gel coating, were ascertained. 9 refs. 4397 Arch. Toxicol., 46, No*. 3-4, Dec. 196ft p. 295-304 EFFECTS OF SINGLE AND REPEATED EXPOSURE TO THERMO-OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF POLYACRYLONtTRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE (ABS) ON RAT LUNG, UVER. KIDNEY. AND BRAIN A. ZiHingi H. Savofainen The exposures were conducted once, three times or ten times (5 nights/week, 6 h/night). The degradation products in cluded styrene, various nitriles, aldehydes, acids, and a significant aerosol fraction. The oxygen concentration in the exposure chamber was constantly above 20%. The shortest exposures caused a significant reduction of tho 0-deethylation activity in lung and kidney but not in liver, os well as a decrease in tissue reduced glutothione concentration in liver and kidney but not in lung. These effects well-nigh disap peared during the two-week exposure. In tfiese rots the cerebral glutothione was below the control range. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in liver ond brain during the three-day exposure. In liver the activity reached the control value after the two-week exposure but the cerebral activity was significantly lower than in controls. The complex mixture of noxious compounds in the ABS fumes does not roadily allow identification of causative agents. Nitrile-dependent histotoxic, peroxidative ond reactive metabolite mediated mechonisms may be involved. 15 ./ 4398 J. Soc Occup. Med., 31, No. 2, Apr. 1981, p. 67-8 DELAYED ONSET OF PULMONARY OEDEMA FOLLOWING ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE TO ETHYL CHLOROFORMATE G.T. flewro. 4399 Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore. 9, No. 4, Oet. 1980, p. 532--5 AN EPISODE OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE POISONING K.J. Tan, W.H. Phaan Trichloroethylene is commonly used in industry os a solvent and degreasing agent. An incident is described in which 14 out or 23 workers using trichloroethylene ta dean machine parts in an electronics factory suffered symptoms of poisoning, including fainting in 3. Subsequent investigation showed the widespread use of trichloroethylene in that factory: containers of the chemical were also kept exposed. Industrial hygiene assessments reveoled vapour levels which exceeded the per missible limit. The implementation of control measures brought the vapour levels to below 50 ppm, a safe level. 4401 J. Anol. Toxicol., 4, No. 4, Jul.-Aug. T980, p. 166-74 PHOSGENE IN THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS OF POLYIVINYL CHLORIDE): GENERATION, DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT J.E. Brown; M.M. flirty An analytical study was made to determine whether corbanyi chloride {phosgene) is formed during the thermal decom position of polyfvinyl chloride), PVC Tour methods of decom position were studied: (1) thermal degradation of PVC in o resistive!/ heated furnace, (2) electrical overloading of a PVC dad wire, {3) electrical ardng between electrodes partially covered with PVC, and (4) electric arc initiated flaming com bustion in a cup furnace. Results are reported which show that significant quantities of phosgene can be generated from PVC by the electric arc method. Lesser omounts were found in the other scenarios. The measurements, identification and quan tification of phsogene in the decomposition product, were ob tained through the use of gat chromatography, infrared spec troscopy and mass spectroscopy. While the study wot not mechanistic in nature, phsogene is postulated to result from secondary reactions of the PVC products. Reaction mechanisms are suggested. dtihuXIA isv\ idbSihsU- cuic 4400 JAMA., 245, No. 3, !6th Jon. 198), p. 243-31?) TOXICOLOGY OF UREA FORMALDEHYDE AND POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION J.C. Harris; 6.H. Bumadu F.D. Aldrich Two types of foam insulation are in wide use. Urea for maldehyde foam is a relatively inexpensive, easily installed, and efficient insulation. Toxicity from this insulation is related to release of free formaldehyde into the home. Mild to in capacitating symptoms have been reported in occupants of urea formaldehyde-insulated hemes. Airborne formaldehyde levels frequently have exceeded standards set for oc cupational exposure. The long-term consequences of such ex-, posure are unknown. Become of publicity over the toxicity of urea formaldehyde foam, many physicians and patients have confused urea formaldehyde and polyurethane foam. Unlike urea formaldehyde, polyurethane foam is fully cured before, construction. Toxicity occurs only during manufacture and curing. To date, there hove been no reports ro our knowledge of toxicity in occupants of polyurethane-insulated homes. However, toxicity caused by pyrolysis products may occur during combustion in homes insulated with either type of in sulation. This report details 48 patients in whom complete medical data were obtained out of the first 100 patients con tacting the Rocky Mountain Poison Centre. ccnn 4402 % Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol., No. 4, Apr. ?98I, p. 20--2 CHANGES IN HORMONE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL INTOXICATION BY METHYL METHACRYLATE I.A. Makarov; K.l. Makarenko; N.V. Oesyatnikovo Russian. Lipid and hormone metabolites were studied in in dividuals chronically exposed to methyl methacrylate (MMA) to determine the effects of MMA intoxication in the develop ment of atherosclerosis. Results indicated that during contact with MMA, the patients developed the increased MMA- absorption and an MMA-producing function of thyroid paren chyma. The production of thyroxin wos not changed, whereas triiodothyronine of the blood was significantly increased. Simultaneously, the basic metabolite alto increased. After the discontinuation of the MMA exposure, all these indexes nor malised 17