Document a1Mo0Nn5ek2ok4q40opKDLQaX

/ / leV r ( '22$ ') '> - . -V - I A. ?.*- * .. --KV.I 1 4 ;lyXX. .Specification', of. the PaUntgranUd te^Mr. , -Vr ^ *"- * /* *, *' - ' %=* ' * ;** * * Ric k ar d Fis u w ic k , s/Elfwitk, in (be^P-ariJb, ` 1 , :* X tfKtmaJlle upon Tyne, Wiite-lead* * * Lis Invention' [ o~ new,Method of-making White- '- W- - , -'V : .V . Dated Jamury 15, 178;. ' '" To all to whom.tbefe pre feats lhall cope, *&clX> ' Wh e r e a s `the gnefit} and ufual method ot pio-Xr'-'' ?- . v ^ ' * - **.***:>'' .\jfca- H ' within a brick building, or an^' Esther buij * covered in, and fecured from the.weathfr^Jjjreaid 'Wj. * . upon the floor a b$d* flratum^r-laycri^h^re^^'^^^L- ' litter, two feet thick, orthereabouts-^upon'whichjftf place dofe to.each other asfnanr y- eatthcn.'o,r'otherS ,,. veffela, in j ilze .fro.m^ -;>/** pti^ngt^nnAd.ft half to'ib; each of thefe-carthcr^'o^athe^veffela^^winM^K*;^^' fh V meafure pint VoL. III. of viAegarf,tt.*io0t--^o-thcr add liquthoer tT. ^7X*^-*' .fs.i' ' v -ftjLVf,.- * f r .. `V-vV \ - - '#>>?*': 0007--SWP-043342 N23189 ------n ii6 Patent for a new McthoA then place or fufpend thin (Keels or plates oflead; loofely rolled, or folded together in a circular manner, over fuch. vinegar, or other acid liquor,4^ in fuch. manner as not to touch fuch vinegar,-or* other acid liquor; fuch plates, or (beet3 to Joe per pendicularly placed within the veflbls, or other- ite, upon the edge thereof, and to be from one /ixteenth of an inch to one fourth, of an inch in tiiicknefs; the bed, ftratum, or layer, to contain in . - the whole two pounds and a half of lead, of avoir dupois weight, to eai.h or ever)' veflel of vinegar, or other acid liquor, placed upon fuch bed, ftra- tum, or layer.- The lead and veffcls to be then ` covered over with other limilar (hcets or plates of ` lead, laid hat upon die furface thereof, and thole Sheets or plates oflead,->fo laid, covered with deal * ' boards,' or with draw, which completes the firft bed, or llratum. The 'dexf bed, or dtatum, and as many more 'as are wanted, may be com- pofed and formed' in the - fame' manner as is above described. Then-let the -whole--i con-, tents of the faid bedsy.or flrata, remain-in the - faid (late, until the vinegar, or other acid liquor, . ' - . ,st.* - . -- is 0007--SWP-043343 0007-SWP- tf making While-Uadi iz-j 13 exhaufted, or evaporated, which will generally be in about two calendar months.' Theil let 'the beds, or ftrata, be drawn, or taken off and re-* moved, and let the corroded and white lead be feJ parated from the other part of the lead, (which re-* main? blue and uncorroded,) and mixed with fucll a quantity of water as will make it pals between A pair of milUftonea, and in that Hate let it be ground between a pair of mill-ftones; then let . the finer parts be feparated from die coarfer, by wafhingvthe lame in a large veil'd of water, con* Mining fire or fix fuccellive partitions or divi- . lions, communicating with each other by p final! - paflage at the top; fo that the white-lead being pumped, poured, or ladled, into the firft of the faid partitions or divifions, the finer parts thereof may pafs off into the other fucceflire partitions or divifions i the laft three of which will contain duf fine lead, .which muff be taken out and put http' another back, or large tub, to fubfide, and then ;the water fhould be carcfully'rcmoved, or ladled. ,off{ and, after a few days, when the lead is be-?- come nearly of the confiftence of a pafte, it mult Gg a be 0007--SWP-043344 0007-SWP 128 Patent fir a tine Method be expofed to die air, or to the heat of a ftove, In Itnall ilat lumps or parcels, of about feven pounds each, feparate from each other, until it is perftdUy dry. Now k .v o w yn, that, in compliance with the aforefaid provifo, in the nd letters patent con tained, and fur particularly ddtribing and afeertaining the nature of my faid invention, and the manner in which the fame is to be performed, (having previously deferibed the general or ufual method or procefs of making or preparing whitelead, as aforefaid,) I, the faid Richard Fjfhwick, by this inffrument in writing, urider-tny hand and feal, intended to be forthwith enrolled in hts.Majefty's High Court of Chancery/ido'tteftifyi'and declare,' that-my-faid invention is the fuhftituting in fuch procefs for 'preparing or making white-* lead, as aforefaid, in the room or `place of'horfelitter, the ufe of the common tanners bark',' or-of the bark of the oak-tree, after the fame has been prcvioufly applied or ufed by tanners, for making the liquor or tan which is ufed1 in tanning;'and preparing hides for' leather; and that I have Found, by repeated experiments, that fuch"tan ners i- of making I? tiers' bark will communica - equal-degree of heat to pla'ced over or`upon it, t! hitherto been found to di farther'declare, that tl.e m - bark, in fucli method or pr lead;- as aforefaid, is to fpre fuch brick or other buildin of fuch tanners baric, as a thick, -or-thereabouts", in tin bed of; horfe-litter of two i ; J labours, as aforefaidand fo ftraturti/'and'fo many more a aforefeidj -adding or applying ;fore-mentioned -articles,- 'ingre >the fame proportions, quantit >js herein before mentioned or t general or ufual method or p t.or making white-lead. Aid 'declare, that any tanners bark t or do for the ptupofe of makir which is ufed in tanning, or p - leather, will alfo anfwer,. and 1 7RRR 0007-SWP-043345 0007-SWP-000126691 Paten; far a tits Method i die air, or to die heat of a dove, in ips or parcels, of about feren pounds efrom each other,-until-it i* perfectly sow vt, that, in compliance with.the tn'fo, ir> the laid letters patent con fer particularly deferibing and afeerwture of my faid invention,'and-.tbo ivliidi the fame is to be performed-, vioufly deferibed-the general or ufual procefs of malting or preparing whiteirefaid,) I, the faid'RichardiFifhwick, rumenr in writing, underjny hand and led to be forthwith enrolled in his Mah: Court of- Chancery, 'do' teliifyjind lat my faid invention is the-fabftituting rocefs- for.'prcpating^or-makin'gwhite-t orefaid, in-the'room or'place of-horfe* ufe of the common-rann'ersi'bwrltr'iV'df if the oak-tree, after the'lariteiiai been i applied or ufed by- tarvnera'ffot making r "or tan which*" is ufell'in tanning, 'and hidis fir-' leather;-'andAhat I -haJVe y repeated-experiments,-that fueh'tin- ners of making White-lead. tip tiers' bark will communicate a more certain and equal degree'of heat to the vinegar and lead, plated over or upon it, thin the horfe-litter has hitherto been found to do. And I do hereby fartherdeclare, that the manner of applying the birk, in fuch method or procefs of making white- ]&d/'- as aforefaid, is to fpread upon the floor of fuch brick or other building! as'aforefaid, abed of fuch tanners bark, as aforefaid, of one foot thick; dr thereabouts, in the room or place of a bed of horfe-litter of two feet thick, or there abouts; as aforefaid ;i and 'fo with the next bed or ftratum,' and fo many more as may be wanted, as aforefaid, -adding or applying the other hercin-be- forc-meritioned articles,- ingredients, or things, in the fame proportions, quantities, and manner, as is herein before mentioned or exprefied to be the general or ufual method or proceis of preparing .-or making white-lead. Aid I do hereby farther -declare, that any tanners bark which will anfwer or do for the pujpofe of making the liquor or ran which is ufed in tanning, or preparing hides for - leather, will alfo anfwer, and be applicable, as a Ir./.it. fubftitute 0007-SWP-043346 0007-SWP-000126692 ! of making tPlite-ieadi dzy is exhaufted, or evaporated, which will generally V. be in about two calendar month!. Then let 'the beds, or ftrata, be drawn, or taken off ahd re-* Jhoved, and let the corroded and white lead be feJ parated from the other part of the lead, (which re-* ntains blue and Urtcorroded,) and mixed with fuel! & quantity of water as will make it pafs between a pair -of mill-ftonea, and in that - {fate let -it be ground between a pair of mill-ftones; then let thc-fincr" parts be feparated from the coarfer, by waihing^the fame in a large VdTel of water, con- tabling five or*-fix: fucceflive partitions or divi* .fion's,Jcotnmurticating with each other by a fmall pafTage .at the top t- fo that the white-lead being pumped, -poured, or ladled, into the 'firft of the .faid partitions or divifions, the finer parts thereof .may pafs off into the other fucceflire partitions or ,divifions t the laft three of which will Contain the -fine, lead, .which mull be taken out and put into another back, or large tub,' to fubfide, and then fthe water, fhould be carefullyremoved, or ladled , off; and, after a few days, when the lead is be come nearly of the confiftcnce of a paftc, it muff Gg 2 be ! 1 * t 0007-SWP--043347 0007-SWP-000126693 '( 377 ) Lfll. Specifcation of the Pglint granted to Ar c h ;-, b a l d Earl 0} Du.vcoff a l d ; for a nfw Method or Methods of making Cerujt or White-Lead, Dated Augcft l3> 1797. rrrA i O all to whom thefe prefents Ahall come, &c. Now k n o w y e , that in compliance with the fat'd provifo, I the faid Archibald Earl of Dundonald do hereby declare, that my faid invention, as to one method or procefs thereof, is deferibed in manner following ; that is to fay, lead is to be brought to the ftate of a calx or oxide, the calx is to be mixed with muriat of potafh or *fal- digejlix'um Sylvie, or with the oxygenated muriat of potafh, or with the folution of either of thefe falts, in the proportion which lhall be found re- quilite; this, for the moft part, may be reckoned at one part of fait, by weight, to five parts of the calx of lead. The materials are to be intimately Yo l . VIIL Cc c mixed j I ________ i 0007-SWP-043348 0007-SWP-000126694 378 Patent for a new Method mixed by grinding, or ctherwife, and are to be fiirred at different times, to expofe frefh furfacts to the adkion of the air ; and are to be alternately ' wetted with water, (either impregnated, or not, with fixable air or carbonic acid,) and dried by expofure to atmofpheric air, or to any air in which carbonic acid is contained, until the compiete adtiou of the materials, the one on the other, is effected : in this Hate, they confill of a cerufe or white-lead or carbonat of lead, and muriat of potafh. The muriat of potafh is, by wafhing, to be feparated from the cerufc or white-lead; to be concentrated by evaporation 1 and to be preferred, to adl again on more of the ' calces of lead. Laftly, the white-lead is to be ground, levigated, and dried. It is proper here to ftate, that muriat of potafh or fait of Silviua liaij in molt chemical trearifes, been reprefcated to be of little or no ufe in the aits , and, as it is a fait which very rarely occurs as a refiduum. from chemical mixtures or combinations, it might the more eafily cfcape the notice and experiments of chemical perfons, or of perfons in fcarch of difeoveriea connected with different branches of mam* i \ j [ j 1 J j * J 1 , ^ ' 0007-SWP-043349 0007-SWP-000126695 of making Cerufe or White-Lead. 379 manufacture. Muriat of potafli pofiefleS pro perties different from tnuriat of foda or fea-falt; and, in the prefcnt inftance, produces a change on the calces of lead, not effected when muriat of foda only is ufed. The application of muriat of potafh to the calces of lead, for the pro duction of cerufc or carbonar oflcad, is not there fore to be confounded with the attempts of others to produce a carbonat of lead, by the mix ture of muriat of foda with the calces of lead. When the muriat of potsih, or, more properly fpeaking, its folution, is mixed with the calx of lead, a change takes place; the vegetable alkali of the muriat of potafh is difengaged in a cauf- tic ftate, while the muriatic acid enters into com bination with the calx of lead, and forms tnuriat tof lead. By the expofure of the materials to at- mofplieric air, or to air containing the carbonic acid, this acid is attracted by the cauftic vege table alkali, and, as it is received, is tranfmicted to the lead, forming therewith a carbonat of lead or cerufe; while, in return, the alkali takes back, from the muriat of lead, the muriatic acid, in a Ccc % ftate 0007-SWP-043350 0007-SWP-000126696 pn- 4 - 3 &ST 8. % rn% ^ zor JT o*rt*tri r> ^n 5* *o 5T g fn i-. & 35 *EX * o s 5T HST iH JP -oi n -ra<t* S* L * 2 aC9U. *rt O** *Mo 5A> a %3<CS1L Inr% 2uOa<"n*14 322Cj-*.` 113E<v, rcf*rr o**> o *o * O9A 0> "22 35* 2 > & cn? S' sf - cr A* Si>r o Hfcj ^ S<tA* ^^9 " ' CT, ar cr9*r* S7sir. Q" cr o S' Ho.' p n ** P- -a Orr 3P <B. *1' g" SCL. 3rt r* .<* o P- O u*P ej r. oCu $ ^ l ipo- r w s: 3 i 3 : rt *T3 (79 P" *? *r r? o ne rr 2t g2>! o 3 F0 ocr. 6 I2& s s*. s Bb* s =or th *> --nvc>u 'HSncx.-. CT a- *o * 9s h'S2 H^ 5 *** ncr zA? . c<rr ' ?T A CX M * W, Pp3* O- S. =3p e. *> rr 3 -< > " S. fr cr o- o n .g ? r g* CL o 9 r> S P O aT XT n <7* Bc?x aT tr < p, ?r g5 <% E w* s x. u 09 i 0007-SWP-043351 0007-SWP-000126697 XLirL Specification of the Patent granted to Mr, Jo h n At k in s o n , of Hart ington, near Liver pool, Colour Manufacturer; for bis Invention or Difcoverj of the Ufe and Application of certain ]\ latertab, for r.akin? a valuable While Paint or Colour, and of making Paint or Colour from tbe jaid Materials, zubicb will, in a great Degree, anfiver tbe Purpofes of White-Lead. Zhted Much 8, 1796. T'o all to whom theft prefents fhaU come, &c. Now k n o w t z , that I the laid John Atkinfon, in compliance with, and conformity to, the laid provifo, do hereby particularly defcribe and as certain the nature of my laid invention, as fol lowed] : I do declare that the materials of which. I have discovered the ufe and application, for making a valuable white paint or colour, are a mineral calx, called blende or black jack, lapis calatninaris or calamine, or any other ore of 0007-SWP-043352 0007-SWP-000126698 2 lo Patent for n\riling a It'hle Colour. cf zinc, called or known by the name of zinclp'", or any other calx, ore, mineral, or metal, ia ni'.. ,i to zmc, or from which the lame may 1-c ujcd. And t! at the method of nuking pvnc or colour from the faid material;, which a* ill, in a great degiee, anlV.cr the purpoles of v '.re-lead, is as follow;; ti.at is to far, lirft coir.ev ti,e .ui.wr.u calx, calamine, ore of zinc, /.inc-fpar, or other materials as afore laid, to an o\e:t or furnace, commonly called a reverberatory furnace; whctc the /lame mult pals over it for the fpace of ii.\ hours, or thereabouts, in which procefs it parts with, or from, all the ferruginous volatile principles which it contained. Thence convey it to a mill, and lay the fame upon a flat frnface, where, by means of a ftone which is to roll over it, it is crufhed or bruifed fmall; or make ufe of any other machine which will anfwer that purpofe ; and, when the fame has been fo cnilbed or bruifed, mix it with about oneeighth part of its weight of powdered charcoal; after which, it is to be removed to a furnace, com monly called a clofe-furnace or muffled furnace. This furnace fliould be provided with two aper tures 1 Q007-SWP-043353 0007-SWP-000126699 Paiir.t ftr waking a IVl. lie Cohur. 311 lures or openings, one on each fide, and dilated at the end from the furnace by a diitariLe of about twenty feet; but a greater or let's diltar.ee may be ufed, as the calc may require: the other end immediately jcins and enters the body of the furnace. In tins itate the ore fliould be intro duced, through tire top or crown of the laid furna-e; and, when it is perfectly ignited or maJ<j red-hot throughout, a large thick white cloud or fmoke, with a bright blue flame, will be pro duced, which wid convey itfelf into the apertures or openings before mentioned and deferibed, and will be collected in the fonts of a very pure white metallic calx. Thefe apertures or openings fltould each be provided with a door at' die farthelb ex tremity, in height about five feet, or fuflicicntly large to admit a man to go in, for the purpofe of collecting the colour. It fliould then be con veyed to a mill or machine, and be ground, (re gard being had to the colour-,) being firft duly mixed with water fufficient to dilute it; after which, it lhould be conveyed from the mill or machine, by a plug to be fixed about twelve inches from the bottom of the tub, into gutters ot 4 fpouts. 1 ) i 0007-SWP--043354 0007-SWP-000126700 312 Patent for making a White Colour fpouts, to convey it into fine fieves; whence it may be received into cifterns or veffels, which communicate one with another by means of gut ters or fpouts, or otherwife, by which means, the finer particles float into the farthcft cifterns.' I make ufe of fix cifterns, but a greater or lefs number may be ufed ; and, after (landing about twenty-four hours in this ftate, the water may be drawn from it, and the colour be collected and removed to a pan or receiver, or other reflel,- made of bricks, or other materials capable pf bearing heat, by which it may be dried, by mean* of fire or otherwife; in which ftate it will be come falcable, but when it is wanted in powder it fhould be finely ground. In witnefs where of, Etc. ` -i ri .1 ' } \ ** i * XLLV. 0007-SWP-043355 0007-SWP-000126701